{"byMember":{"M001232":[{"id":"P1_M001232_io2f2a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CHRW 1d BEFORE HR 6075 — \"Water Infrastructure Modernization Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded CHRW (Transportation) within 1 days of HR 6075 \"Water Infrastructure Modernization Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","date":"2026-02-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6075","title":"Water Infrastructure Modernization Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-14","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206075"]},{"id":"P1_M001232_5jz1xq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NDAQ 1d BEFORE HR 5654 — \"To provide for interim appropriations for the Dist…\"","explanation":"Member traded NDAQ (Finance) within 1 days of HR 5654 \"To provide for interim appropriations for the District of Columbia courts and re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2025-10-22","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5654","title":"To provide for interim appropriations for the District of Columbia courts and related agencies with respect to any fisca","introducedDate":"2025-10-23","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205654"]},{"id":"P1_M001232_88j5rk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NDAQ 0d BEFORE HRES 651 — \"Supporting the commemoration of August 14, 2025, a…\"","explanation":"Member traded NDAQ (Finance) within 0 days of HRES 651 \"Supporting the commemoration of August 14, 2025, as the 90th anniversary of the \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2025-09-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 651","title":"Supporting the commemoration of August 14, 2025, as the 90th anniversary of the establishment of Social Security.","introducedDate":"2025-09-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20651"]},{"id":"P2_M001232_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $66,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"April McClain Delaney serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $66,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":66000,"count":20,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001232","http://mcclaindelaney.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/M001232/119"]},{"id":"P2_M001232_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"April McClain Delaney serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001232","http://mcclaindelaney.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/M001232/119"]},{"id":"P2_M001232_hj7igi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTER gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"April McClain Delaney serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001232","http://mcclaindelaney.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/M001232/119"]},{"id":"P2_M001232_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"April McClain Delaney serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001232","http://mcclaindelaney.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/M001232/119"]},{"id":"P9_M001232_lnbsyf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$23,609 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $23,609 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":23925.530000000006,"oppose":316.29999999999995,"net":23609.230000000007,"events":12,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":17330.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":4516.78,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005137","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS UNION, LOCAL 400","support":1000,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":800.33,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":294.78,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_M001232_gki6f7","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of itemized donations from outside MD","explanation":"Only $573,708 of $2,092,657 itemized individual contributions came from MD. The rest — $1,518,949 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"MD","homeStateTotal":573708,"outOfStateTotal":1518949,"outOfStateShare":72.6,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"DC200","amount":434625},{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":93390},{"stateZip3":"CA941","amount":84425},{"stateZip3":"VA221","amount":69417},{"stateZip3":"CT068","amount":47946}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001232_BRO_2025-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-24 and 2025-10-31, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"},{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-10-24 to 2025-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001232_BRO_2025-10-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-29 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-10-29 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001232_BRO_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-30 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-10-30 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001232_PTC_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PTC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 3 members took the same direction on PTC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTC","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PTC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001232_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member April McClain Delaney executed 21 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2026-03-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2026-03-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2026-03-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2026-03-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General License 5T","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-03-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Investment Company Names Form N-PORT Reporting; Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-02-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001232_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member April McClain Delaney executed 10 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","date":"2026-03-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","date":"2026-02-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","date":"2026-01-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","date":"2025-12-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Managed Care","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2026-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Annual Civil Monetary Penalties Inflation Adjustment","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2026-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001232_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member April McClain Delaney executed 4 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","date":"2026-02-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","date":"2026-02-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","date":"2026-02-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2026 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-01-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2026 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001232_ot26un","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"April McClain Delaney campaign paid $29,676,078 to 47 surname-matched vendors, top: DELANEY, JOHN KEVIN","explanation":"April McClain Delaney's campaign paid 193 disbursements totaling $29,676,078 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DELANEY, JOHN KEVIN","total":18671945,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN KEVIN","amount":9000000,"date":"2019-04-02","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"delaney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN KEVIN","amount":6000000,"date":"2019-07-10","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"delaney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN KEVIN","amount":1000000,"date":"2020-03-30","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"delaney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DELANEY, JOHN K. MR.","total":2415225,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN K. MR.","amount":600000,"date":"2012-04-22","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVENESS (PRIMARY ELECTION)","surnameMatched":"delaney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN K. MR.","amount":550000,"date":"2014-11-24","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"delaney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN K. MR.","amount":284000,"date":"2012-04-22","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVENESS (PRIMARY ELECTION)","surnameMatched":"delaney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","total":2290000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","amount":2290000,"date":"2022-05-18","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN & BLAINE","total":1298569.47,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":303910.75,"date":"2024-02-28","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":202249.81,"date":"2024-02-08","description":"PRINTING SERVICES, ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":180810,"date":"2024-02-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DELANEY, QUINN","total":885032.18,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DELANEY, QUINN","amount":878032.18,"date":"2020-02-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"delaney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DELANEY, QUINN","amount":7000,"date":"2025-03-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"delaney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURNS, MARTIN","total":660000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":435000,"date":"2014-02-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":225000,"date":"2016-04-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DELANEY"]},{"id":"P20_M001232_m5pnrs","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 4 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sits on committees overseeing Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 4 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JLL","date":"2026-03-13","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2943729.1200000006,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CDW","date":"2026-02-24","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":27304422.45,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CLH","date":"2026-02-23","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":88741.84,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TRMB","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15314.8,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_M001232_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member April McClain Delaney cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2026-02-06","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":15,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_M001232_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION both supported ($18,000) and opposed ($50,209) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-April McClain Delaney advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":18000,"oppose":50209.48,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P36_M001232","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"April McClain Delaney has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001232_TSCO_20260210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSCO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $TSCO 1 day after a corporate insider (Mills Robert D  (CIK 0001601974)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Mills Robert D  (CIK 0001601974)","filingDate":"2026-02-09","adsh":"0001601974-26-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_ROL_20260213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ROL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $ROL 1 day after a corporate insider (Krause Kenneth D.  (CIK 0001661311)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROL","filer":"Krause Kenneth D.  (CIK 0001661311)","filingDate":"2026-02-12","adsh":"0001661311-26-000001","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_EME_20260310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EME 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $EME 1 day after a corporate insider (Guzzi Anthony  (CIK 0001306045)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EME","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EME","filer":"Guzzi Anthony  (CIK 0001306045)","filingDate":"2026-03-09","adsh":"0000105634-26-000039","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_EME_20260303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EME 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $EME 1 day after a corporate insider (Nalbandian Jason R  (CIK 0001955650)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EME","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EME","filer":"Nalbandian Jason R  (CIK 0001955650)","filingDate":"2026-03-02","adsh":"0000105634-26-000029","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_LH_20250228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $LH 1 day after a corporate insider (van der Vaart Sandra D  (CIK 0001537208)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LH","filer":"van der Vaart Sandra D  (CIK 0001537208)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001127602-25-007067","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_WAB_20250325","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WAB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $WAB 1 day after a corporate insider (Schweitzer Pascal  (CIK 0001767838)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WAB","filer":"Schweitzer Pascal  (CIK 0001767838)","filingDate":"2025-03-24","adsh":"0000943452-25-000100","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_AOS_20250410","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AOS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $AOS 1 day after a corporate insider (HOLT VICTORIA M  (CIK 0001181629)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AOS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AOS","filer":"HOLT VICTORIA M  (CIK 0001181629)","filingDate":"2025-04-09","adsh":"0000091142-25-000057","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_TSCO_20250209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSCO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $TSCO 2 days after a corporate insider (Ordus John P  (CIK 0001778751)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Ordus John P  (CIK 0001778751)","filingDate":"2025-02-07","adsh":"0000916365-25-000018","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_STE_20260206","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $STE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $STE 2 days after a corporate insider (Bluescape Energy Recapitalization & Restructuring Fund III LP  (CIK 0001675662)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STE","filer":"Bluescape Energy Recapitalization & Restructuring Fund III LP  (CIK 0001675662)","filingDate":"2026-02-04","adsh":"0001213900-26-012384","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_PAYX_20250409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PAYX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $PAYX 2 days after a corporate insider (Gioja Michael E  (CIK 0001525207)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAYX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAYX","filer":"Gioja Michael E  (CIK 0001525207)","filingDate":"2025-04-07","adsh":"0000950170-25-051628","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_EME_20260204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EME 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $EME 2 days after a corporate insider (Mauricio Maxine Lum  (CIK 0001663011)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EME","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EME","filer":"Mauricio Maxine Lum  (CIK 0001663011)","filingDate":"2026-02-02","adsh":"0000105634-26-000012","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_CHRW_20260213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHRW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $CHRW 2 days after a corporate insider (Short Michael John  (CIK 0001643515)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHRW","filer":"Short Michael John  (CIK 0001643515)","filingDate":"2026-02-11","adsh":"0001437749-26-003834","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_CHRW_20260206","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHRW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $CHRW 2 days after a corporate insider (Castagnetto Michael D.  (CIK 0001797376)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHRW","filer":"Castagnetto Michael D.  (CIK 0001797376)","filingDate":"2026-02-04","adsh":"0001437749-26-002998","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_TTC_20250402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TTC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $TTC 2 days after a corporate insider (TTC MULTI-STRATEGY FUND QP, LP  (CIK 0001452337)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TTC","filer":"TTC MULTI-STRATEGY FUND QP, LP  (CIK 0001452337)","filingDate":"2025-03-31","adsh":"0000919574-25-002176","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_CPAY_20250222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CPAY 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $CPAY 3 days after a corporate insider (MODDELMOG HALA G  (CIK 0001208383)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CPAY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CPAY","filer":"MODDELMOG HALA G  (CIK 0001208383)","filingDate":"2025-02-19","adsh":"0000950170-25-023656","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_CLH_20260223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CLH 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $CLH 3 days after a corporate insider (Gabriel Sharon M.  (CIK 0001756568)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLH","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLH","filer":"Gabriel Sharon M.  (CIK 0001756568)","filingDate":"2026-02-20","adsh":"0001756568-26-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_CLH_20250207","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CLH 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $CLH 3 days after a corporate insider (Harrison Robert W.  (CIK 0001954916)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLH","filer":"Harrison Robert W.  (CIK 0001954916)","filingDate":"2025-02-04","adsh":"0001415889-25-002837","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_BJ_20260209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BJ 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $BJ 4 days after a corporate insider (Eddy Robert W.  (CIK 0001510712)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BJ","filer":"Eddy Robert W.  (CIK 0001510712)","filingDate":"2026-02-05","adsh":"0001510712-26-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_LH_20250217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LH 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $LH 4 days after a corporate insider (NEUPERT PETER M  (CIK 0001237566)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LH","filer":"NEUPERT PETER M  (CIK 0001237566)","filingDate":"2025-02-13","adsh":"0001127602-25-004518","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_MKL_20250527","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MKL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $MKL 4 days after a corporate insider (Besca Mark  (CIK 0001831351)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MKL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MKL","filer":"Besca Mark  (CIK 0001831351)","filingDate":"2025-05-23","adsh":"0001096343-25-000082","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_ENTG_20250217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ENTG 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $ENTG 5 days after a corporate insider (Haris Clinton M.  (CIK 0001483553)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENTG","filer":"Haris Clinton M.  (CIK 0001483553)","filingDate":"2025-02-12","adsh":"0001483553-25-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_JLL_20260223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JLL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $JLL 5 days after a corporate insider (Shah Mihir  (CIK 0001790184)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JLL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JLL","filer":"Shah Mihir  (CIK 0001790184)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0001037976-26-000034","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001232_CNM_20250407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CNM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $CNM 5 days after a corporate insider (Bradbury Robyn L  (CIK 0002060011)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CNM","filer":"Bradbury Robyn L  (CIK 0002060011)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001856525-25-000088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_MLM_20251202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MLM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $MLM 1 day before a corporate insider (BAR ROSELYN R  (CIK 0001164744)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MLM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MLM","filer":"BAR ROSELYN R  (CIK 0001164744)","filingDate":"2025-12-03","adsh":"0000916076-25-000029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_CPAY_20250313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CPAY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $CPAY 1 day before a corporate insider (Netto Armando Lins  (CIK 0001610692)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CPAY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CPAY","filer":"Netto Armando Lins  (CIK 0001610692)","filingDate":"2025-03-14","adsh":"0000950170-25-039456"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_BJ_20260218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BJ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $BJ 1 day before a corporate insider (Felice Laura L.  (CIK 0001743504)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BJ","filer":"Felice Laura L.  (CIK 0001743504)","filingDate":"2026-02-19","adsh":"0001743504-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_ITT_20250305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ITT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $ITT 1 day before a corporate insider (Savi Luca  (CIK 0001538081)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ITT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ITT","filer":"Savi Luca  (CIK 0001538081)","filingDate":"2025-03-06","adsh":"0000950170-25-034733"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_LH_20260211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $LH 1 day before a corporate insider (Sampson John H  (CIK 0002110483)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LH","filer":"Sampson John H  (CIK 0002110483)","filingDate":"2026-02-12","adsh":"0000920148-26-000053"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_LH_20260204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $LH 1 day before a corporate insider (Hamilton Laird  (CIK 0001819249)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LH","filer":"Hamilton Laird  (CIK 0001819249)","filingDate":"2026-02-05","adsh":"0001437749-26-003243"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_TTC_20250402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TTC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $TTC 1 day before a corporate insider (TORO CO  (TTC)  (CIK 0000737758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TTC","filer":"TORO CO  (TTC)  (CIK 0000737758)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0000737758-25-000045"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_TSCO_20260210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSCO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $TSCO 2 days before a corporate insider (Syngal Sonia  (CIK 0001589927)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Syngal Sonia  (CIK 0001589927)","filingDate":"2026-02-12","adsh":"0001589927-26-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_TSCO_20250209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSCO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $TSCO 2 days before a corporate insider (Mills Robert D  (CIK 0001601974)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Mills Robert D  (CIK 0001601974)","filingDate":"2025-02-11","adsh":"0000916365-25-000042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_ENTG_20260331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ENTG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $ENTG 2 days before a corporate insider (Colella Joseph  (CIK 0001811061)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENTG","filer":"Colella Joseph  (CIK 0001811061)","filingDate":"2026-04-02","adsh":"0001101302-26-000074"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_SGI_20260331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SGI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $SGI 2 days before a corporate insider (Shiff Dov  (CIK 0001630761)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SGI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SGI","filer":"Shiff Dov  (CIK 0001630761)","filingDate":"2026-04-02","adsh":"0001493152-26-014953"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_PAYX_20251001","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PAYX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $PAYX 2 days before a corporate insider (BERGSTROM RYAN NORMAN  (CIK 0001857829)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAYX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAYX","filer":"BERGSTROM RYAN NORMAN  (CIK 0001857829)","filingDate":"2025-10-03","adsh":"0001193125-25-230054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_CHRW_20260209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CHRW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $CHRW 2 days before a corporate insider (Short Michael John  (CIK 0001643515)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHRW","filer":"Short Michael John  (CIK 0001643515)","filingDate":"2026-02-11","adsh":"0001437749-26-003834"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_TSCO_20250513","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSCO 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $TSCO 3 days before a corporate insider (Weikel Mark J  (CIK 0001599351)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Weikel Mark J  (CIK 0001599351)","filingDate":"2025-05-16","adsh":"0000916365-25-000109"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_TECH_20260224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TECH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $TECH 3 days before a corporate insider (Lawrence Brian Lee  (CIK 0001506228)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TECH","filer":"Lawrence Brian Lee  (CIK 0001506228)","filingDate":"2026-02-27","adsh":"0001506228-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_BRO_20251212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BRO 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $BRO 3 days before a corporate insider (BROWN HYATT J  (CIK 0001168820)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BRO","filer":"BROWN HYATT J  (CIK 0001168820)","filingDate":"2025-12-15","adsh":"0001193125-25-319366"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_EME_20260227","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EME 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $EME 3 days before a corporate insider (Nalbandian Jason R  (CIK 0001955650)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EME","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EME","filer":"Nalbandian Jason R  (CIK 0001955650)","filingDate":"2026-03-02","adsh":"0000105634-26-000029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_BJ_20260202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BJ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $BJ 3 days before a corporate insider (Eddy Robert W.  (CIK 0001510712)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BJ","filer":"Eddy Robert W.  (CIK 0001510712)","filingDate":"2026-02-05","adsh":"0001510712-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_BJ_20250825","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BJ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $BJ 3 days before a corporate insider (Ortega Steven L  (CIK 0001830679)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BJ","filer":"Ortega Steven L  (CIK 0001830679)","filingDate":"2025-08-28","adsh":"0001531152-25-000107"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_FBIN_20260224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FBIN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $FBIN 3 days before a corporate insider (Donoghue Hiranda S  (CIK 0001899826)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FBIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FBIN","filer":"Donoghue Hiranda S  (CIK 0001899826)","filingDate":"2026-02-27","adsh":"0001193125-26-083157"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_FBIN_20250208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FBIN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $FBIN 3 days before a corporate insider (Wilson Ron  (CIK 0001946117)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FBIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FBIN","filer":"Wilson Ron  (CIK 0001946117)","filingDate":"2025-02-11","adsh":"0000950170-25-018236"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_LH_20250217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $LH 3 days before a corporate insider (Wilkinson Peter J  (CIK 0001398138)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LH","filer":"Wilkinson Peter J  (CIK 0001398138)","filingDate":"2025-02-20","adsh":"0001127602-25-005895"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_ENTG_20250217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ENTG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $ENTG 4 days before a corporate insider (O'Neill James Anthony  (CIK 0001786291)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENTG","filer":"O'Neill James Anthony  (CIK 0001786291)","filingDate":"2025-02-21","adsh":"0001101302-25-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_TECH_20260326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TECH 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sell $TECH 4 days before a corporate insider (Zhou Yahui  (CIK 0001768074)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TECH","filer":"Zhou Yahui  (CIK 0001768074)","filingDate":"2026-03-30","adsh":"0001768074-26-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_STE_20260206","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $STE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"April McClain Delaney buy $STE 4 days before a corporate insider (Bluescape Energy Recapitalization & Restructuring Fund III LP  (CIK 0001675662)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STE","filer":"Bluescape Energy Recapitalization & Restructuring Fund III LP  (CIK 0001675662)","filingDate":"2026-02-10","adsh":"0001213900-26-014271"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001232_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+24 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"April McClain Delaney accumulated 49 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 24 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":24,"totalRaw":49}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_M001232_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"April McClain Delaney sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"]},{"id":"P61_M001232","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $79,000","explanation":"April McClain Delaney received campaign contributions totaling $79,000 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($9,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($5,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":79000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_M001232","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 72 total findings across the platform","explanation":"April McClain Delaney appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 72 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (23); committee pac conflict (4); coordinated trade cluster (4); trade near vote (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":72,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":23},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001232","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001232","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"April McClain Delaney's campaign paid $6,294,796 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: DELANEY, JOHN KEVIN ($3,643,570)","explanation":"April McClain Delaney's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 39 payments totaling $6,294,796 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DELANEY, JOHN KEVIN ($3,643,570 across 10 payments, services: LOAN FORGIVENESS · PAYMENT MADE TO EL TORO, LLC FOR DIGITAL MARKETING). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6294795.65,"paymentCount":39,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN KEVIN","total":3643570,"count":10,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVENESS","PAYMENT MADE TO EL TORO, LLC FOR DIGITAL MARKETING"]},{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN K. MR.","total":2328475,"count":13,"descriptions":["CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVENESS (PRIMARY ELECTION)","LOAN FORGIVENESS","POLLING SERVICES - HICKMAN ANALYTICS, INC."]},{"payee":"DELANEY, ELIZABETH","total":98512.2,"count":2,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT BONUS","FUNDRAISING BONUS"]},{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN K.","total":80000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLLING CONSULTING SERVICES - SEE HICKMAN ANALYTICS"]},{"payee":"DELANEY, JOHN K","total":58939.09,"count":6,"descriptions":["PETER HART RESEARCH ASSOCIATES - POLL","SKD KNICKERBOCKER LLC - VIDEO","CHEVY WEISS - IC COMPENSATION"]}],"surname":"delaney"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MD06340&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P139_M001232","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"April McClain Delaney filed 167 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 33 distinct tickers, 88 buys, 79 sells","explanation":"April McClain Delaney filed 167 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 88 were buy transactions and 79 were sells, spanning 33 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":167,"distinctTickers":33,"buys":88,"sells":79,"sampleTickers":["TSCO","ROL","ENTG","NDAQ","SGI","TECH","PKG","STE","JLL","EME","MLM","BJ"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_M001232","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"April McClain Delaney executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY SGI (28d apart)","explanation":"April McClain Delaney has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY SGI 2026-02-09 → 2026-03-09 (28d) · BUY→SELL TECH 2025-04-29 → 2025-05-26 (27d) · SELL→BUY CACI 2025-02-22 → 2025-02-27 (5d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"SGI","days":28,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-02-09","date2":"2026-03-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TECH","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-29","date2":"2025-05-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CACI","days":5,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-02-22","date2":"2025-02-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_M001232","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"April McClain Delaney's PAC funding concentrates 50% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"April McClain Delaney's PAC donors concentrate 50% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.02M · Education $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":50,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.02,"Education":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MD06340/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_M001232","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"April McClain Delaney triggers 24 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"April McClain Delaney accumulates 24 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":24,"distinctDetectorTypes":20}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_M001232","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"April McClain Delaney — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (241/241)","explanation":"April McClain Delaney's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":241,"atBracket":241,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001232","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"April McClain Delaney — 39 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"April McClain Delaney has traded 39 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":39,"sample":["TSCO","ROL","ENTG","NDAQ","SGI","TECH","PKG","STE","JLL","EME"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001232_BJ","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"April McClain Delaney — 16 disclosed trades in single ticker BJ","explanation":"April McClain Delaney traded BJ on 16 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the BJ trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"BJ","count":16}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001203":[{"id":"P1_S001203_4n2uht","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GIS 11d after HR 8003 — \"Securing American Agriculture Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GIS (Agriculture) within 11 days of HR 8003 \"Securing American Agriculture Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8003","title":"Securing American Agriculture Act","introducedDate":"2025-01-31","daysDiff":11}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208003"]},{"id":"P1_S001203_hkg3v2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY TCMD 3d BEFORE HR 8469 — \"Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce Act of 2024\"","explanation":"Member traded TCMD (Technology) within 3 days of HR 8469 \"Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TCMD","date":"2024-11-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8469","title":"Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2024-11-15","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208469"]},{"id":"P5_S001203_ujxw0l","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$330,000 lobbying spike near BRK.B trade","explanation":"BRK.B was lobbied $330,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $26,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRK.B","date":"2026-01-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"BRK.B","recentTotal":330000,"baselineAvg":26667,"recordCount":3,"topClients":["BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_S001203_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,913,179 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $1,913,179 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 36 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":1913178.5000000005,"oppose":2250758.8200000003,"events":36}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_S001203_ty6tvo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,678,278 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FAITH AND POWER PAC","explanation":"FAITH AND POWER PAC spent $2,678,278 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00736751","name":"FAITH AND POWER PAC","support":2678277.69,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736751/"]},{"id":"P6_S001203_v9z5sz","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$729,244 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","explanation":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA spent $729,244 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 133 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00499020","name":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","support":729243.83,"oppose":0,"events":133}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499020/"]},{"id":"P6_S001203_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$600,384 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICA","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $600,384 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":600384.4099999999,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P6_S001203_tuu7k6","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$529,231 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from STAND FOR NH PAC","explanation":"STAND FOR NH PAC spent $529,231 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00799460","name":"STAND FOR NH PAC","support":529231.25,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799460/"]},{"id":"P6_S001203_ucist9","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$322,415 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF MINNESOTA POLITICA","explanation":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF MINNESOTA POLITICAL ACTION FUND spent $322,415 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 43 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00684530","name":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF MINNESOTA POLITICAL ACTION FUND","support":322414.77999999997,"oppose":0,"events":43}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00684530/"]},{"id":"P6_S001203_tuyq3f","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$276,515 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from America Proud PAC","explanation":"America Proud PAC spent $276,515 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00792200","name":"America Proud PAC","support":276514.58999999997,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792200/"]},{"id":"P7_S001203_ude02b","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $16,943,255 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $16,943,255 opposing this member across 860 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":16943255.399999995,"totalSupport":8939481.28,"events":860,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":10004332.750000002},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2250758.8200000003},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2092382.41},{"name":"Majority PAC","oppose":504948.38},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":392867.63}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_S001203_q3lj78","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$555,430 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $555,430 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":555430,"events":2,"byYear":{"2018":65430,"2020":490000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":490000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30002760","name":"GREAT AMERICA ALLIANCE","total":65430,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001203_9d8q0k","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$46,131 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $46,131 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":56500.659999999996,"oppose":102631.17,"net":-46130.51,"events":65,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":1004.82,"oppose":65252.88,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":26065.8,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1670.72,"oppose":22628,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":13807.59,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":11563.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001203_m9t002","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,784,653 / spent $4,737,824","explanation":"This member sponsors 20 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00492025","cmteName":"AMERICAN DEFENSE AND MILITARY PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":5000},{"cmteId":"C00402602","cmteName":"LONGHORN PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":360920.3,"totalDisbursements":382812.7,"cashOnHand":611.3},{"cmteId":"C00492025","cmteName":"AMERICAN DEFENSE AND MILITARY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":120408.4,"totalDisbursements":117566.6,"cashOnHand":7841.79},{"cmteId":"C00402602","cmteName":"LONGHORN PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":466200,"totalDisbursements":454065.5,"cashOnHand":12745.78},{"cmteId":"C00492025","cmteName":"AMERICAN DEFENSE AND MILITARY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":127500,"totalDisbursements":126422.2,"cashOnHand":8919.58}],"totalRaised":4784652.700000001,"totalSpent":4737823.800000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001203_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30312 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,183,226 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 30312× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,183,226; 13833× N/A = $2,747,902. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":30312,"total":3183226,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":13833,"total":2747902,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001203_3dnpop","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,009 donation spike on 2025-02-25 — 26.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-25 this committee recorded $100,009 across 54 contributions — 26.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,773.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00663781","date":"2025-02-25","amount":100009,"count":54,"baseline":3773,"ratio":26.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00663781/"]},{"id":"P15_S001203_ilan7x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,515 donation spike on 2018-06-18 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-18 this committee recorded $79,515 across 113 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,736.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00663781","date":"2018-06-18","amount":79515,"count":113,"baseline":12736,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00663781/"]},{"id":"P15_S001203_x9n0ge","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,721 donation spike on 2019-03-04 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-04 this committee recorded $50,721 across 29 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,284.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00663781","date":"2019-03-04","amount":50721,"count":29,"baseline":5284,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00663781/"]},{"id":"P18_S001203_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tina Smith executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TCMD","date":"2024-11-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TCMD","date":"2023-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updated License Exception Implemented Export Controls (IEC) Eligible Items and Destinations","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2024-10-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Empowering Broadband Consumers Through Transparency","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2023-10-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001203_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tina Smith executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2024-04-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of VOR Federal Airways V-78 and V-171; Darwin, MN","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2024-03-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_S001203_Technology","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"51% of PAC dollars ($104,900) come from Technology industry","explanation":"Tina Smith receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Technology issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Technology","amount":104900,"share":51.2,"totalPAC":204847.89,"pacCount":19},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":104900,"share":51.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":26500,"share":12.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":23200,"share":11.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":15247.89,"share":7.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001203_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SMITH, Tina voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2025-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":646,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_S001203_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"DCCC both supported ($1,913,179) and opposed ($2,250,759) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Tina Smith advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":1913178.5000000005,"oppose":2250758.8200000003,"events":36}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P35_S001203_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"VoteVets both supported ($2,233) and opposed ($157,214) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Tina Smith advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":2232.8,"oppose":157214,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P36_S001203","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Tina Smith has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S001203_NEE_20240404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tina Smith sell $NEE 2 days after a corporate insider (YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)","filingDate":"2024-04-02","adsh":"0001020710-24-000037","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001203_DXCM_20200317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DXCM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tina Smith sell $DXCM 4 days after a corporate insider (Sylvain Jereme M  (CIK 0001681267)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"Sylvain Jereme M  (CIK 0001681267)","filingDate":"2020-03-13","adsh":"0001093557-20-000096","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001203_HBAN_20251121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HBAN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tina Smith sell $HBAN 4 days after a corporate insider (Hingst Marcy C  (CIK 0001997520)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HBAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HBAN","filer":"Hingst Marcy C  (CIK 0001997520)","filingDate":"2025-11-17","adsh":"0001225208-25-009256","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001203_MDT_20230405","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MDT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tina Smith sell $MDT 2 days before a corporate insider (Smith Gregory L  (CIK 0001533098)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Smith Gregory L  (CIK 0001533098)","filingDate":"2023-04-07","adsh":"0001127602-23-012715"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001203_TCF_20210609","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TCF 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tina Smith buy $TCF 2 days before a corporate insider (SHAFER THOMAS C  (CIK 0001454988)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TCF","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TCF","filer":"SHAFER THOMAS C  (CIK 0001454988)","filingDate":"2021-06-11","adsh":"0001225208-21-009299"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_AORT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $AORT — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $AORT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $AORT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AORT","assetName":"AORT - Artivion Inc","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AORT","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_TCMD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $TCMD — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $TCMD on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $TCMD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TCMD","assetName":"TCMD - Tactile Systems Technology Inc","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TCMD","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_PODD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $PODD — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $PODD on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $PODD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PODD","assetName":"PODD - Insulet Corporation","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PODD","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_HBAN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $HBAN — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $HBAN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $HBAN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HBAN","assetName":"HBAN - Huntington Bancshares Incorporated - Common Stock","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HBAN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_DXCM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $DXCM — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $DXCM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DXCM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DXCM","assetName":"DXCM - DexCom, Inc.","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DXCM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_GIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $GIS — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $GIS on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GIS","assetName":"GIS - General Mills, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GIS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-11"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_NEE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $NEE — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $NEE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NEE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NEE","assetName":"NEE - NextEra Energy, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NEE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_PEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $PEP — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $PEP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PEP","assetName":"PEP - PepsiCo, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PEP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-11"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_MMM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MMM — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $MMM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MMM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MMM","assetName":"MMM - 3M Company","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MMM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_MDT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MDT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $MDT on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MDT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MDT","assetName":"MDT - Medtronic plc","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/34de9852-21e9-45db-9975-8e7b4b4194af/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MDT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/34de9852-21e9-45db-9975-8e7b4b4194af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_CSII","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CSII — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $CSII on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CSII per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CSII","assetName":"CSII - Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/34de9852-21e9-45db-9975-8e7b4b4194af/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CSII","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/34de9852-21e9-45db-9975-8e7b4b4194af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_IIN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IIN — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $IIN on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IIN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IIN","assetName":"IIN - IntriCon Corporation Filer comment: Cash received in lieu of shares due to a Private Equity me","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1aa895e1-4dae-4c88-a923-c2cf404091c6/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IIN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1aa895e1-4dae-4c88-a923-c2cf404091c6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_TCF","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $TCF — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $TCF on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $TCF per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TCF","assetName":"TCF - TCF Financial Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/08c63fc9-7bc5-41c5-a924-5c11b590ce3b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TCF","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/08c63fc9-7bc5-41c5-a924-5c11b590ce3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_ABT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ABT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $ABT on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ABT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ABT","assetName":"ABT - Abbott Laboratories","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/99e75a7c-4f4d-449e-a7e7-ffa5e67e8dda/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ABT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/99e75a7c-4f4d-449e-a7e7-ffa5e67e8dda/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_CGNT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $CGNT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $CGNT on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $CGNT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CGNT","assetName":"CGNT - Cogentix Medical, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a402c20b-d668-4c6c-be4c-870fa5a5e766/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CGNT","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-12"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-12"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a402c20b-d668-4c6c-be4c-870fa5a5e766/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_CUTR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CUTR — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $CUTR on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CUTR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CUTR","assetName":"CUTR - Cutera, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a402c20b-d668-4c6c-be4c-870fa5a5e766/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CUTR","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-30"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-30"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a402c20b-d668-4c6c-be4c-870fa5a5e766/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001203_ENTL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ENTL — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tina Smith disclosed an asset position in $ENTL on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ENTL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ENTL","assetName":"ENTL - Entellus Medical, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a402c20b-d668-4c6c-be4c-870fa5a5e766/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ENTL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a402c20b-d668-4c6c-be4c-870fa5a5e766/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_S001203_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 4 Healthcare stocks (BSX, JNJ, MDT, ABT)","explanation":"Tina Smith discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (BSX, JNJ, MDT, ABT) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["BSX","JNJ","MDT","ABT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001203_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (HII)","explanation":"Tina Smith discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (HII) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["HII"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001203_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (CVX)","explanation":"Tina Smith discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P57_S001203","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$555K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 88% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Tina Smith was the target of $555,430 in electioneering communications across 2 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($490,000 = 88% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":555430,"events":2,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2018":65430,"2020":490000}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":490000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002760","name":"GREAT AMERICA ALLIANCE","total":65430,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002760/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_S001203","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$57K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 46% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Tina Smith received $56,500.66 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($26,065.8 = 46%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":56500.659999999996,"oppose":102631.17,"byYear":{"2010":14960.33,"2012":104148.32,"2014":3458.37,"2016":5578.73,"2018":8758.68,"2020":20374.18,"2022":26408.63},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":1004.82,"oppose":65252.88,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":26065.8,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1670.72,"oppose":22628,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":13807.59,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":11563.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_S001203","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (9 total findings) — ie support concentration (7), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Tina Smith triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 9 total findings across them: ie support concentration (7), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":9,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":7},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_S001203","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $26,600","explanation":"Tina Smith received campaign contributions totaling $26,600 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: OTOE-MISSOURIA TRIBE ($6,600); COMMUNITY IMPACT ADVISORS OBO KUAKINI HEALTH SYSTE ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PRO ($5,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($5,000); THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES, INC. AND ITS AFFILIAT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":26600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA","ldaClient":"OTOE-MISSOURIA TRIBE","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHS/COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION CMTE (CHS PAC)","ldaClient":"COMMUNITY IMPACT ADVISORS OBO KUAKINI HEALTH SYSTEMS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS PAC (NABIP PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS (FKA NAHU)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE; THE","ldaClient":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES, INC. AND ITS AFFILIATES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001203","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $100,009 on 2025-02-25 (26.5× normal)","explanation":"Tina Smith's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $100,009 on 2025-02-25 — 26.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":100009,"maxRatio":26.5,"maxAmount":100009},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-02-25","amount":100009,"ratio":26.5,"baselineDaily":3773,"count":54,"cmteId":"C00663781","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00663781&min_date=2025-02-25&max_date=2025-02-25"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00663781/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00663781&min_date=2025-02-25&max_date=2025-02-25"]},{"id":"P64_S001203_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 4 Healthcare stocks (BSX, JNJ, MDT, ABT) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Tina Smith's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 4 Healthcare stocks — BSX, JNJ, MDT, ABT — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2018). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["BSX","JNJ","MDT","ABT"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f9b7540-83be-43f5-8692-961adf16cf34/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f9b7540-83be-43f5-8692-961adf16cf34/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001203_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (HII) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Tina Smith's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — HII — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2018). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["HII"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f9b7540-83be-43f5-8692-961adf16cf34/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f9b7540-83be-43f5-8692-961adf16cf34/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001203_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Energy stock (CVX) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Tina Smith's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Energy stocks — CVX — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2018). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f9b7540-83be-43f5-8692-961adf16cf34/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f9b7540-83be-43f5-8692-961adf16cf34/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001203_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Finance stock (FIS) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Tina Smith's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Finance stocks — FIS — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2018). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["FIS"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f9b7540-83be-43f5-8692-961adf16cf34/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f9b7540-83be-43f5-8692-961adf16cf34/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P70_S001203","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 4 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Officer at DBS Endeavors LLC Port Orford, OR","explanation":"Tina Smith's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 4 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at DBS Endeavors LLC Port Orford, OR (Company); Other (Co-Chair of Wildfire and Disaster Preparedn at CSG West Sacramento, CA (Nonprofit Organization); Other (Co Chair) at Sudden Oak Death Task Force Salem, OR (Other (Government Task Force)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":4,"year":"2026","positions":[{"dates":"May 2018 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"DBS Endeavors LLC Port Orford, OR","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Jan 2025 to present","role":"Other (Co-Chair of Wildfire and Disaster Preparedn","entity":"CSG West Sacramento, CA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2017 to present","role":"Other (Co Chair)","entity":"Sudden Oak Death Task Force Salem, OR","entityType":"Other (Government Task Force)"},{"dates":"Mar 2017 to Apr 2026","role":"Other (Southern Oregon Chair, Ex-Officio Member)","entity":"Oregon China Council Portland, OR","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_S001203","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,607.88 in outside earned income — top source: STATE OF OREGON SALEM, OR ($$60,298.88)","explanation":"Tina Smith's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $115,607.88 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: STATE OF OREGON SALEM, OR ($60,298.88, Wages); DBS ENDEAVORS Port Orford, OR ($41,309.00, Wages); Wally's House Child Abuse Intervention Center GOLD BEAC ($14,000.00, Wages).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":115607.88,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Wages","source":"STATE OF OREGON SALEM, OR","amount":"$60,298.88","amountNumeric":60298.88},{"owner":"Self","type":"Wages","source":"DBS ENDEAVORS Port Orford, OR","amount":"$41,309.00","amountNumeric":41309},{"owner":"Self","type":"Wages","source":"Wally's House Child Abuse Intervention Center GOLD BEACH, OR","amount":"$14,000.00","amountNumeric":14000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001203","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 26 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 61 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tina Smith appears in 26 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 61 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 26 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (17); ie support concentration (7); spouse holding industry vote (4); daily donation spike (3); insider followed trade (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":26,"totalFindings":61,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001203","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 22 ticker holdings between 2025 and 2026 — including SWVXX, AORT, TCMD, BSX, EVTCY, FNF","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 22 ticker holdings present in the 2025 filing but absent in 2026. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: SWVXX, AORT, TCMD, BSX, EVTCY, FNF, FIS, PODD, JNJ, USB, PIPR, HBAN.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2025,2026],"count":22,"divestedTickers":["SWVXX","AORT","TCMD","BSX","EVTCY","FNF","FIS","PODD","JNJ","USB","PIPR","HBAN"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_S001203","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tina Smith filed 3 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 162 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Tina Smith has filed 3 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 162 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2019 (162d late, filed 10/24/2019) · 2018 (90d late, filed 08/13/2018) · 2020 (84d late, filed 08/07/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":3,"maxDaysLate":162,"samples":[{"year":2019,"filingDate":"10/24/2019","daysLate":162,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a402c20b-d668-4c6c-be4c-870fa5a5e766/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2018,"filingDate":"08/13/2018","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/633b7c81-545e-4072-a09b-a7fe8665fd20/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2017"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/07/2020","daysLate":84,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/99e75a7c-4f4d-449e-a7e7-ffa5e67e8dda/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a402c20b-d668-4c6c-be4c-870fa5a5e766/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/633b7c81-545e-4072-a09b-a7fe8665fd20/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/99e75a7c-4f4d-449e-a7e7-ffa5e67e8dda/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P94_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P94_PFD_CRYPTO_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith discloses 1 crypto-related holding on 2026 PFD — WULF - TeraWulf Inc. - Common Stock","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 cryptocurrency or crypto-related position (direct BTC/ETH, GBTC, Coinbase / Marathon / Riot / mining stocks, stablecoins, NFTs, blockchain ETFs). Crypto regulation is a live legislative debate — FIT21 (House-passed market structure bill), the GENIUS Act (stablecoin oversight), CFTC vs SEC jurisdiction over digital commodities, and ongoing tax-treatment debates all flow through Senate Banking, Senate Agriculture, House Financial Services, and House Agriculture committees. Senators with crypto exposure voting on crypto regulation establishes direct sector-specific conflict on a fast-moving asset class. Holdings: WULF - TeraWulf Inc. - Common Stock.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_crypto","year":"2026","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"WULF - TeraWulf Inc. - Common Stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4763"]},{"id":"P96_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith owes 1 named-bank loan on 2026 PFD — top: Chase Wilmington, DE","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Revolving Charge ($$10,001 - $15,000) at 25.74% (NA) from Chase Wilmington, DE.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2026","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"25.74% (NA)","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE","incurred":"2026"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P98_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith carries 1 high-rate debt entry (≥12% APR) on 2026 PFD — top: 25.74% (NA) Revolving Charge","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Revolving Charge 25.74% (NA) from Chase Wilmington, DE ($$10,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2026","count":1,"loans":[{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"25.74% (NA)","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith holds 2 nonprofit/foundation board roles on 2026 PFD — top: Other (Co-Chair of Wildfire and Disaster Preparedness Commit · CSG West Sacramento, CA","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 2 ongoing roles on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Other (Co-Chair of Wildfire and Disaster Preparedness Commit · CSG West Sacramento, CA · Other (Southern Oregon Chair, Ex-Officio Member) · Oregon China Council Portland,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2026","count":2,"roles":[{"position":"Other (Co-Chair of Wildfire and Disaster Preparedness Commit","entity":"CSG West Sacramento, CA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2025 to present"},{"position":"Other (Southern Oregon Chair, Ex-Officio Member)","entity":"Oregon China Council Portland, OR","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Mar 2017 to Apr 2026"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P103_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2026 PFD — top: Officer · DBS Endeavors LLC Port","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Officer · DBS Endeavors LLC Port (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2026","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"DBS Endeavors LLC Port Orford, OR","entityType":"Company","dates":"May 2018 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_S001203","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith's earliest disclosed PFD (2018) shows $9.1M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Tina Smith's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2018) shows total assets of $9.1M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 70; earned-income on first filing: $80,951.08.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2018","totalAssetMid":9064630,"assetCount":70,"earnedIncome":80951.08,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2fc86eb-e198-4de7-ae58-a163c8e64d46/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2fc86eb-e198-4de7-ae58-a163c8e64d46/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_S001203","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tina Smith disclosed 20 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 5 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL BRK.B $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Tina Smith has filed 20 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 5 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL BRK.B $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-03-31 · SELL BRK.B $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-01-27 · SELL HBAN $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-11-21 · SELL GIS $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-02-11.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":20,"veryHighCount":5,"lowerBoundSum":2750020,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"BRK.B","action":"SELL","date":"2026-03-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","action":"SELL","date":"2026-01-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HBAN","action":"SELL","date":"2025-11-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GIS","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PEP","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","date":"2024-04-04","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_S001203","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tina Smith's PAC funding concentrates 75% in Technology ($0.10M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Tina Smith's PAC donors concentrate 75% in the Technology industry — $0.10M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.10M · Finance $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":75,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.1,"Finance":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MN00578/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001203","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tina Smith triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 37 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tina Smith accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 37 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":37}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S001203","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith triggers 38 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Tina Smith accumulates findings across 38 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 38 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":38,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P5","P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P14","P15","P18","P25","P29","P35","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P57","P58","P59","P61","P62","P64","P70","P71","P78","P79","P93","P94"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_S001203","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tina Smith operates 3 distinct leadership PACs ($4.8M combined receipts)","explanation":"Tina Smith operates 3 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $4.8M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: AMERICAN DEFENSE AND MILITARY PAC (C00492025) · LONGHORN PAC (C00402602) · VELVET HAMMER PAC (C00692111).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.78,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00492025","cmteName":"AMERICAN DEFENSE AND MILITARY PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00402602","cmteName":"LONGHORN PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00692111","cmteName":"VELVET HAMMER PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492025/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00402602/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00692111/"]},{"id":"P166_S001203","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tina Smith's PFD net worth declined 98% year-over-year — 2025 $4.54M → 2026 $0.09M","explanation":"Tina Smith's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $4.54M in 2025 to $0.09M in 2026 — a 98% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2025","priorNetWorthM":4.54,"latestYear":"2026","latestNetWorthM":0.09,"declinePct":97.92,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tina Smith's 2026 PFD lists 3 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: DBS ENDEAVORS Port Orford, (Wages)","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 3 payers not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Wages from DBS ENDEAVORS Port Orford, ($41,309.00) · Self: Wages from Wally's House Child Abuse ($14,000.00) · Self: Wages from STATE OF OREGON SALEM, ($60,298.88).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":3,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Wages","payer":"DBS ENDEAVORS Port Orford, OR","amount":"$41,309.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Wages","payer":"Wally's House Child Abuse Intervention Center GOLD BEACH, OR","amount":"$14,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Wages","payer":"STATE OF OREGON SALEM, OR","amount":"$60,298.88"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith's 2026 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Revolving Charge from Chase Wilmington, DE at 25.74% (NA)","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Revolving Charge from Chase Wilmington, DE at 25.74% (NA) ($10,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2026","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"25.74% (NA)","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ebdc6b4-99ab-4386-a182-854495c34248/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_MN_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MN delegation: Tina Smith & Amy Klobuchar both flagged on 12 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MN — Tina Smith and Amy Klobuchar — are flagged on the same 12 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P10, P25, P29, P36, P58, P61.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MN","juniorSenatorBid":"K000367","juniorSenatorName":"Amy Klobuchar","sharedDetectorCount":12,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P10","P25","P29","P36","P58","P61","P93","P148","P166","P171"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001203","https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000367"]},{"id":"P173_S001203_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Tina Smith's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ff8c98f-4d5c-4f5a-96c4-d563c6a64b9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P179_S001203","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tina Smith — 86% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (30/35)","explanation":"Tina Smith's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 86% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":35,"atBracket":30,"pct":"85.7"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"K000398":[{"id":"P1_K000398_5nry9i","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SPGI 0d BEFORE HR 6635 — \"Bus Operator Safety and Security Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SPGI (Finance) within 0 days of HR 6635 \"Bus Operator Safety and Security Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2026-03-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6635","title":"Bus Operator Safety and Security Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206635"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_vle4it","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOGL 0d BEFORE HR 5764 — \"AI for Main Street Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5764 \"AI for Main Street Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5764","title":"AI for Main Street Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205764"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_n4zcha","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 0d BEFORE HR 2892 — \"Hospital Adoption Education Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 2892 \"Hospital Adoption Education Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2026-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2892","title":"Hospital Adoption Education Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-01-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202892"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_u0mqds","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 1d after HR 4138 — \"Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 4138 \"Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2026-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4138","title":"Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-22","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204138"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_i74xht","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 0d BEFORE HR 6016 — \"Keep Healthcare Affordable Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 6016 \"Keep Healthcare Affordable Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2025-11-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6016","title":"Keep Healthcare Affordable Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-20","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206016"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_zekdao","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 1d after S 3122 — \"Better FDA Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 1 days of S 3122 \"Better FDA Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-11-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3122","title":"Better FDA Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-11-19","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203122"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_dbq6l5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ORCL 0d BEFORE HR 4628 — \"AI Impersonation Prevention Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded ORCL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4628 \"AI Impersonation Prevention Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2025-09-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4628","title":"AI Impersonation Prevention Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-09-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204628"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_7wzg52","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 0d BEFORE HR 5003 — \"Equal Treatment of the District of Columbia Under…\"","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 5003 \"Equal Treatment of the District of Columbia Under the Rural Health Transformatio\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2025-09-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5003","title":"Equal Treatment of the District of Columbia Under the Rural Health Transformation Program Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-09-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205003"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_fk9ldw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BEN 0d BEFORE HR 103 — \"Congressional Border Security Assessment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded BEN (Finance) within 0 days of HR 103 \"Congressional Border Security Assessment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","date":"2025-09-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 103","title":"Congressional Border Security Assessment Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20103"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_l92kyr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 0d BEFORE HR 9629 — \"Reserve Health Readiness and Access Act of 2024\"","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 9629 \"Reserve Health Readiness and Access Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2025-07-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 9629","title":"Reserve Health Readiness and Access Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-07-31","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%209629"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_3dqvxc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 1d after HR 1405 — \"Enhancing Domestic Drug Manufacturing Competitiven…\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 1405 \"Enhancing Domestic Drug Manufacturing Competitiveness Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-07-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1405","title":"Enhancing Domestic Drug Manufacturing Competitiveness Act","introducedDate":"2025-07-30","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201405"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_lkw019","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CHKP 0d BEFORE HR 4347 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded CHKP (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4347 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHKP","date":"2025-07-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4347","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-07-29","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204347"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_7wtmdw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 0d BEFORE HRES 495 — \"Supporting the designation of the week of June 9 t…\"","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 0 days of HRES 495 \"Supporting the designation of the week of June 9 through June 15, 2025, as \"Nati\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2025-06-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 495","title":"Supporting the designation of the week of June 9 through June 15, 2025, as \"National Men's Health Week\".","introducedDate":"2025-06-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20495"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_2uhgas","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 1d after HR 497 — \"Medicaid Third Party Liability Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 497 \"Medicaid Third Party Liability Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2025-02-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 497","title":"Medicaid Third Party Liability Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-25","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20497"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_8pi6fe","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SPGI 0d BEFORE S 2939 — \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to re…\" · sponsor R-SC","explanation":"Member traded SPGI (Finance) within 0 days of S 2939 \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of\", sponsored by Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-01-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2939","title":"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC]","sponsorBioguide":"D000595","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"SC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202939"]},{"id":"P1_K000398_plqes2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 0d BEFORE S 1572 — \"A bill to provide for a point of order against any…\" · sponsor R-SC","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 0 days of S 1572 \"A bill to provide for a point of order against any legislation that eliminates o\", sponsored by Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2023-01-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1572","title":"A bill to provide for a point of order against any legislation that eliminates or reduces the ability of Americans to ke","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC]","sponsorBioguide":"D000595","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"SC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201572"]},{"id":"P4_K000398_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 48d late on avg — overall avg only 33d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 48.4 days — versus 32.5 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":14,"avgGap":48},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":71,"avgGap":33},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_K000398_ty4ydi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$268,200 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from JERSEY REAL","explanation":"JERSEY REAL spent $268,200 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00739565","name":"JERSEY REAL","support":268199.89999999997,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00739565/"]},{"id":"P7_K000398_rfp9ta","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $9,711,673 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $9,711,673 opposing this member across 159 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":9711672.610000001,"totalSupport":554570.7500000001,"events":159,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":6829679.97},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2501800.6300000004},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":189054.25},{"name":"MODERATE PARTY INDEPENDENT FUND","oppose":128000},{"name":"NRDC Action Votes","oppose":54837.76}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000398_xpdt8p","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,576 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $87,576 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":87575.86,"oppose":0,"net":87575.86,"events":20,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":87575.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000398_4mrz9x","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $584,408 / spent $573,887","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00784694","cmteName":"TKJ PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":225071.6,"totalDisbursements":188765,"cashOnHand":36306.59},{"cmteId":"C00784694","cmteName":"TKJ PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":276291.5,"totalDisbursements":309118.2,"cashOnHand":3479.88},{"cmteId":"C00784694","cmteName":"TKJ PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":83045,"totalDisbursements":76003.7,"cashOnHand":10521.17}],"totalRaised":584408.1,"totalSpent":573886.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_K000398_dgdjj5","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $10,378,897 in itemized individual contributions, $6,500,299 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":10378897,"buckets":{"$200 and under":222110,"$200.01-$499":426158,"$500-$999":985840,"$1000-$1999":2244490,"$2000 and over":6500299},"megaShare":62.6,"smallDonorShare":2.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_K000398_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3821 employees of RETIRED gave $2,469,276 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3821× RETIRED = $2,469,276. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":3821,"total":2469276,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000398_l3vqsj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$168,175 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $168,175 across 121 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,490.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703058","date":"2019-09-30","amount":168175,"count":121,"baseline":17490,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703058/"]},{"id":"P15_K000398_hoea7n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126,470 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $126,470 across 138 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,019.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703058","date":"2020-09-30","amount":126470,"count":138,"baseline":15019,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703058/"]},{"id":"P15_K000398_l3xnrr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,700 donation spike on 2019-06-28 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-28 this committee recorded $94,700 across 58 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,550.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703058","date":"2019-06-28","amount":94700,"count":58,"baseline":13550,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703058/"]},{"id":"P15_K000398_hoagai","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,073 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $84,073 across 72 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,993.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703058","date":"2020-03-31","amount":84073,"count":72,"baseline":9993,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703058/"]},{"id":"P15_K000398_nziiou","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,865 donation spike on 2022-11-01 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-11-01 this committee recorded $82,865 across 57 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,888.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703058","date":"2022-11-01","amount":82865,"count":57,"baseline":11888,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703058/"]},{"id":"P15_K000398_wcskfo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,815 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $82,815 across 59 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,462.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703058","date":"2021-09-30","amount":82815,"count":59,"baseline":8462,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703058/"]},{"id":"P15_K000398_k15tfj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,779 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $81,779 across 44 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,653.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703058","date":"2025-03-31","amount":81779,"count":44,"baseline":11653,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703058/"]},{"id":"P15_K000398_5ctg3l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,735 donation spike on 2024-06-04 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-04 this committee recorded $81,735 across 111 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,887.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703058","date":"2024-06-04","amount":81735,"count":111,"baseline":8887,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703058/"]},{"id":"P17_K000398_DHR_2025-09-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-03 and 2025-09-09, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2025-09-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000398","name":"Thomas Kean"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2025-09-03 to 2025-09-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000398_BDX_2025-05-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-05-13 and 2025-05-19, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000398","name":"Thomas Kean"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-05-13 to 2025-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000398_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Kean executed 6 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2026-03-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2026-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-07-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Managed Care","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2026-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fourth Temporary Extension of COVID-19 Telemedicine Flexibilities for Prescription of Controlled Medications","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-12-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000398_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Kean executed 14 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2026-03-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2025-09-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","date":"2025-09-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General License 5T","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-03-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 104A","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-10-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000398_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Kean executed 17 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-02-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-11-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2025-09-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Improving the Effectiveness of the Robocall Mitigation Database; CORES Registration System","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Coastal Migratory Pelagic Resources of the Gulf of America and Atlantic Region; 2025-2026 Commercial Accountability Meas","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-12-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000398_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Kean executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CP","date":"2025-08-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CP","date":"2024-12-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2025 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-09-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2025 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000398_kut716","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Kean campaign paid $1,107,499 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE INC","explanation":"Thomas Kean's campaign paid 63 disbursements totaling $1,107,499 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE INC","total":494750,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE INC","amount":84000,"date":"2006-06-28","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE INC","amount":65000,"date":"2006-10-18","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE INC","amount":55000,"date":"2006-10-18","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"kean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RONALD GRAVINO CONSULTING","total":435580.31,"count":47,"samples":[{"payee":"RONALD GRAVINO CONSULTING","amount":19358,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"COMPLIANCE/EVENT COST/TRAVEL/TELECO","surnameMatched":"gravino","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"RONALD GRAVINO CONSULTING","amount":19358,"date":"2006-10-03","description":"CONSULTING/EVENT COST/TRAVEL/TELECO","surnameMatched":"gravino","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"RONALD GRAVINO CONSULTING","amount":15357,"date":"2006-04-07","description":"F/R EVENT COST TELECOMM COURIER","surnameMatched":"gravino","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEAN FOR NJ-07 2022","total":85019.33,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KEAN FOR NJ-07 2022","amount":85019.33,"date":"2022-09-13","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"kean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE","total":35000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE","amount":35000,"date":"2006-09-21","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEAN FOR NJ-07","total":33149.44,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KEAN FOR NJ-07","amount":33149.44,"date":"2020-08-31","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"kean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEAN, THOMAS H JR","total":24000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KEAN, THOMAS H JR","amount":24000,"date":"2025-07-28","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TOM%20KEAN%20FOR%20US%20SENATE%20INC"]},{"id":"P20_K000398_1iozj","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Thomas Kean sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2026-03-26","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_K000398_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Thomas Kean cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-02-05","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":16,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-01-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":3,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_K000398","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Thomas Kean sits on committees regulating Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense and actively trades in Technology, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":17},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000398","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 distinct pattern types firing across 41 total findings","explanation":"Thomas Kean has findings in 15 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":15,"totalFindings":41,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_K000398_NKE_20240606","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NKE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $NKE 1 day after a corporate insider (Friend Matthew  (CIK 0001806799)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NKE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NKE","filer":"Friend Matthew  (CIK 0001806799)","filingDate":"2024-06-05","adsh":"0001127602-24-017921","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_ADBE_20250729","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $ADBE 1 day after a corporate insider (Chakravarthy Anil  (CIK 0001584805)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Chakravarthy Anil  (CIK 0001584805)","filingDate":"2025-07-28","adsh":"0000796343-25-000096","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_ADI_20241213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $ADI 1 day after a corporate insider (Sondel Michael  (CIK 0001768266)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"Sondel Michael  (CIK 0001768266)","filingDate":"2024-12-12","adsh":"0000006281-24-000216","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_CCK_20250508","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CCK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $CCK 1 day after a corporate insider (HAGGE STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001181124)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCK","filer":"HAGGE STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001181124)","filingDate":"2025-05-07","adsh":"0001437749-25-015050","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_VMW_20231004","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VMW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $VMW 1 day after a corporate insider (Brulard Jean Pierre  (CIK 0001801837)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VMW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VMW","filer":"Brulard Jean Pierre  (CIK 0001801837)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001209191-23-051727","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_ICE_20250925","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ICE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $ICE 2 days after a corporate insider (Dines Daniel  (CIK 0001855767)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ICE","filer":"Dines Daniel  (CIK 0001855767)","filingDate":"2025-09-23","adsh":"0001855767-25-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_AMZN_20250508","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2025-05-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_SYK_20251120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SYK 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $SYK 3 days after a corporate insider (Berry William E Jr  (CIK 0001600806)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Berry William E Jr  (CIK 0001600806)","filingDate":"2025-11-17","adsh":"0001600806-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_MKL_20260123","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MKL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $MKL 3 days after a corporate insider (Costanzo Brian J.  (CIK 0001873434)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MKL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MKL","filer":"Costanzo Brian J.  (CIK 0001873434)","filingDate":"2026-01-20","adsh":"0001096343-26-000001","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_NVT_20250307","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $NVT 3 days after a corporate insider (van der Kolk Robert J.  (CIK 0001739009)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVT","filer":"van der Kolk Robert J.  (CIK 0001739009)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0000897069-25-000447","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_DHR_20230731","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DHR 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $DHR 4 days after a corporate insider (List Teri  (CIK 0001529370)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHR","filer":"List Teri  (CIK 0001529370)","filingDate":"2023-07-27","adsh":"0000313616-23-000221","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_SPGI_20230110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SPGI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $SPGI 5 days after a corporate insider (MCWHINNEY DEBORAH D  (CIK 0001116722)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPGI","filer":"MCWHINNEY DEBORAH D  (CIK 0001116722)","filingDate":"2023-01-05","adsh":"0000064040-23-000040","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_FI_20240522","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $FI 5 days after a corporate insider (DE CASTRO HENRIQUE  (CIK 0001562331)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FI","filer":"DE CASTRO HENRIQUE  (CIK 0001562331)","filingDate":"2024-05-17","adsh":"0000798354-24-000124","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000398_SYK_20250226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SYK 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $SYK 5 days after a corporate insider (STRYKER RONDA E  (CIK 0001242914)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"STRYKER RONDA E  (CIK 0001242914)","filingDate":"2025-02-21","adsh":"0000310764-25-000026","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_ICE_20250925","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ICE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $ICE 1 day before a corporate insider (Dines Daniel  (CIK 0001855767)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ICE","filer":"Dines Daniel  (CIK 0001855767)","filingDate":"2025-09-26","adsh":"0001855767-25-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_ORCL_20250915","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ORCL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $ORCL 1 day before a corporate insider (Parrett William G  (CIK 0001418280)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Parrett William G  (CIK 0001418280)","filingDate":"2025-09-16","adsh":"0001341439-25-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_FI_20240522","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $FI 1 day before a corporate insider (MEGACHIPS CORP /FI  (CIK 0001071571)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FI","filer":"MEGACHIPS CORP /FI  (CIK 0001071571)","filingDate":"2024-05-23","adsh":"0001415889-24-014235"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_SYK_20250226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SYK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $SYK 1 day before a corporate insider (STRYKER RONDA E  (CIK 0001242914)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"STRYKER RONDA E  (CIK 0001242914)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0000310764-25-000029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_LBRDK_20250715","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LBRDK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $LBRDK 1 day before a corporate insider (MALONE JOHN C  (CIK 0000937797)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LBRDK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LBRDK","filer":"MALONE JOHN C  (CIK 0000937797)","filingDate":"2025-07-16","adsh":"0001225208-25-006693"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_LSXMK_20240910","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LSXMK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $LSXMK 1 day before a corporate insider (MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LSXMK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LSXMK","filer":"MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)","filingDate":"2024-09-11","adsh":"0001225208-24-008590"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_LSXMA_20240910","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LSXMA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $LSXMA 1 day before a corporate insider (Liberty Media Corp  (FWONA, FWONB, FWONK, LLYVA, LLYVB, LLYVK, LSXMA, LSXMB, LSXMK)  (CIK 0001560385)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LSXMA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LSXMA","filer":"Liberty Media Corp  (FWONA, FWONB, FWONK, LLYVA, LLYVB, LLYVK, LSXMA, LSXMB, LSXMK)  (CIK 0001560385)","filingDate":"2024-09-11","adsh":"0001104659-24-098962"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_BATRK_20230719","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BATRK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $BATRK 1 day before a corporate insider (Liberty Media Corp  (FWONA, FWONB, FWONK, LLYVA, LLYVB, LLYVK, LSXMA, LSXMB, LSXMK)  (CIK 0001560385)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BATRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BATRK","filer":"Liberty Media Corp  (FWONA, FWONB, FWONK, LLYVA, LLYVB, LLYVK, LSXMA, LSXMB, LSXMK)  (CIK 0001560385)","filingDate":"2023-07-20","adsh":"0001104659-23-082705"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_PLD_20250630","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PLD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $PLD 2 days before a corporate insider (Metcalfe Guy A  (CIK 0002013380)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"Metcalfe Guy A  (CIK 0002013380)","filingDate":"2025-07-02","adsh":"0000950170-25-092723"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_BEN_20241216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BEN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $BEN 3 days before a corporate insider (KLINSKY STEVEN B  (CIK 0001018327)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BEN","filer":"KLINSKY STEVEN B  (CIK 0001018327)","filingDate":"2024-12-19","adsh":"0001104659-24-130355"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_SYK_20251120","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYK 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $SYK 4 days before a corporate insider (Pierce James Andrew  (CIK 0001886518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Pierce James Andrew  (CIK 0001886518)","filingDate":"2025-11-24","adsh":"0001886518-25-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_SYK_20250731","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYK 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $SYK 4 days before a corporate insider (Montagnino Kimberly Ann  (CIK 0002063975)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Montagnino Kimberly Ann  (CIK 0002063975)","filingDate":"2025-08-04","adsh":"0001628280-25-037509"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_TXN_20251126","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TXN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $TXN 5 days before a corporate insider (Knecht Julie C.  (CIK 0001859349)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXN","filer":"Knecht Julie C.  (CIK 0001859349)","filingDate":"2025-12-01","adsh":"0000097476-25-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_AMCR_20250815","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMCR 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $AMCR 6 days before a corporate insider (STERRETT STEPHEN E  (CIK 0001235739)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMCR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMCR","filer":"STERRETT STEPHEN E  (CIK 0001235739)","filingDate":"2025-08-21","adsh":"0001415889-25-022618"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_LIN_20260326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LIN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $LIN 6 days before a corporate insider (Lin Patrick  (CIK 0001799363)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"Lin Patrick  (CIK 0001799363)","filingDate":"2026-04-01","adsh":"0000897069-26-000747"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_ORCL_20231214","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ORCL 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $ORCL 7 days before a corporate insider (HENLEY JEFFREY  (CIK 0001206100)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"HENLEY JEFFREY  (CIK 0001206100)","filingDate":"2023-12-21","adsh":"0001127602-23-030321"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_AMZN_20250226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $AMZN 7 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_MDLZ_20250207","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MDLZ 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $MDLZ 7 days before a corporate insider (Gruber Vinzenz P.  (CIK 0001761351)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDLZ","filer":"Gruber Vinzenz P.  (CIK 0001761351)","filingDate":"2025-02-14","adsh":"0001103982-25-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_ILMN_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ILMN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $ILMN 7 days before a corporate insider (Rollins Carissa  (CIK 0001916557)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ILMN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ILMN","filer":"Rollins Carissa  (CIK 0001916557)","filingDate":"2025-04-08","adsh":"0001127602-25-011807"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_CP_20241227","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CP 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $CP 7 days before a corporate insider (Chang Raymond Nobu  (CIK 0001831402)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CP","filer":"Chang Raymond Nobu  (CIK 0001831402)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0001213900-25-000920"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_MSFT_20250825","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $MSFT 9 days before a corporate insider (SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)","filingDate":"2025-09-03","adsh":"0000789019-25-000017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_FTV_20241104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FTV 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $FTV 9 days before a corporate insider (Underwood Peter C  (CIK 0001502370)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FTV","filer":"Underwood Peter C  (CIK 0001502370)","filingDate":"2024-11-13","adsh":"0001659166-24-000164"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_WCC_20250623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WCC 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $WCC 9 days before a corporate insider (Khurana Akash  (CIK 0001832407)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WCC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WCC","filer":"Khurana Akash  (CIK 0001832407)","filingDate":"2025-07-02","adsh":"0000950170-25-093292"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_SYK_20230127","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYK 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean sell $SYK 10 days before a corporate insider (Fletcher Robert S  (CIK 0001775075)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Fletcher Robert S  (CIK 0001775075)","filingDate":"2023-02-06","adsh":"0000310764-23-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000398_NVT_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVT 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Kean buy $NVT 10 days before a corporate insider (Coleman Brian C.  (CIK 0002063245)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVT","filer":"Coleman Brian C.  (CIK 0002063245)","filingDate":"2025-04-11","adsh":"0000897069-25-000803"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_K000398_2026-03-03_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 26 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Thomas Kean delivered a 277-word floor speech on 2026-03-03 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to speak in favor of my legislation, H.R. 5419, the Enhancing Administra- tive Reviews for Broadband Deploy- ment Act. Even as our world increasingly relies on the internet t…\"). The member sell $GOOGL (a Technology-sector stock) 26 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2026-03-03","chamber":"House","wordCount":277,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to speak in favor of my legislation, H.R. 5419, the Enhancing Administra- tive Reviews for Broadband Deploy- ment Act. Even as our world increasingly relies on the internet t","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/03/03/172/40/CREC-2026-03-03-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/03/03/172/40/CREC-2026-03-03-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_K000398","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$88K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Thomas Kean received $87,575.86 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($87,575.86 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":87575.86,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2020":30633.74,"2022":46891.71,"2024":39290.77},"corpCount":4},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":87575.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003645/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P78_K000398","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 83 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Thomas Kean appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 83 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (25); trade near vote (16); insider followed trade (14); daily donation spike (8); reg rule trade proximity (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":83,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":25},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":16},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000398","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_K000398","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Kean's campaign paid $35,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE ($35,000)","explanation":"Thomas Kean's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $35,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE ($35,000 across 1 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":35000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TOM KEAN FOR US SENATE","total":35000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"kean"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0NJ07261&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_K000398","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Kean named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.7M total receipts) — top: KEAN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Thomas Kean appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: KEAN VICTORY FUND (C00786772, $1.7M receipts, treasurer GRAVINO, RONALD). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.73,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00786772","name":"KEAN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1726799.22,"treasurer":"GRAVINO, RONALD","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786772/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786772/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00786772/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P139_K000398","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Kean filed 53 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 35 distinct tickers, 23 buys, 30 sells","explanation":"Thomas Kean filed 53 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 23 were buy transactions and 30 were sells, spanning 35 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":53,"distinctTickers":35,"buys":23,"sells":30,"sampleTickers":["AMCR","FCNCA","JNJ","SPGI","LIN","PEP","CB","WAT","GOOGL","ABT","SYK","MSFT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P148_K000398","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Kean's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($0.11M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Thomas Kean's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $0.11M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.11M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.11,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.11}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NJ07261/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_K000398","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Kean triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Thomas Kean accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":25}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_K000398","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Kean — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (130/130)","explanation":"Thomas Kean's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":130,"atBracket":130,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_K000398","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Kean — 62 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Thomas Kean has traded 62 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":62,"sample":["AMCR","FCNCA","JNJ","SPGI","LIN","PEP","CB","WAT","GOOGL","ABT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_K000398_SYK","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Kean — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker SYK","explanation":"Thomas Kean traded SYK on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SYK trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SYK","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001047":[{"id":"P1_C001047_44dch0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 2d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 2 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-10-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_C001047_32wrgc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL IBM 2d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded IBM (Technology) within 2 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-10-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_C001047_w7uk6q","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE S 2558 — \"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strat…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of S 2558 \"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act of 2025.\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-09-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2558","title":"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act of 2025.","introducedDate":"2025-09-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202558"]},{"id":"P1_C001047_ksjyl6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE S 2558 — \"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strat…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of S 2558 \"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act of 2025.\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-09-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2558","title":"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act of 2025.","introducedDate":"2025-09-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202558"]},{"id":"P1_C001047_kf6qu3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AXP 44d BEFORE own bill HR 3413 — \"Rural Information Technology Investment Act\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HR 3413 \"Rural Information Technology Investment Act\" AND traded AXP (Finance) within 44 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-07-01","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3413","title":"Rural Information Technology Investment Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":-44,"sponsorName":"Rep. Capito, Shelley Moore [R-WV-2]","sponsorBioguide":"C001047","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WV","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203413"]},{"id":"P1_C001047_kf5js5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AXP 44d BEFORE own bill HR 5031 — \"Young Savers' Tax Credit Act of 2010\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HR 5031 \"Young Savers' Tax Credit Act of 2010\" AND traded AXP (Finance) within 44 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-07-01","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5031","title":"Young Savers' Tax Credit Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":-44,"sponsorName":"Rep. Capito, Shelley Moore [R-WV-2]","sponsorBioguide":"C001047","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WV","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205031"]},{"id":"P1_C001047_qpgs5m","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AXP 0d BEFORE S 1648 — \"Right-size the Federal Reserve Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AXP (Finance) within 0 days of S 1648 \"Right-size the Federal Reserve Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-07-01","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1648","title":"Right-size the Federal Reserve Act","introducedDate":"2025-07-01","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201648"]},{"id":"P3_C001047_Pharma","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Pharma bills while net-buying Pharma stocks","explanation":"On 2 Pharma bills, this member voted YES 2 times (100%). In the same period they made 15 BUYS vs 11 SELLS in Pharma stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Pharma","totalVotes":2,"yesCount":2,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","buys":15,"sells":11,"netBuy":4,"total":26}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_C001047_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 4 Energy bills, this member voted YES 4 times (100%). In the same period they made 21 BUYS vs 17 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":4,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":21,"sells":17,"netBuy":4,"total":38}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_C001047_t1rmp0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$337,585 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from TAKE ME HOME WV ACTION","explanation":"TAKE ME HOME WV ACTION spent $337,585 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00905612","name":"TAKE ME HOME WV ACTION","support":337584.92000000004,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00905612/"]},{"id":"P9_C001047_kgo40y","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$49,131 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $49,131 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":53774.57,"oppose":4643.71,"net":49130.86,"events":26,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":34953.54,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":12108.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":4779.89,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005285","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":3448,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":1195.71,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001047_85fko3","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,226,076 / spent $3,922,484","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00489336","cmteName":"WILD AND WONDERFUL PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":18000,"totalDisbursements":236.2,"cashOnHand":17763.78},{"cmteId":"C00489336","cmteName":"WILD AND WONDERFUL PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":181633.1,"totalDisbursements":134804.3,"cashOnHand":64592.57},{"cmteId":"C00489336","cmteName":"WILD AND WONDERFUL PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":195497.4,"totalDisbursements":162753.4,"cashOnHand":97336.63},{"cmteId":"C00489336","cmteName":"WILD AND WONDERFUL PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":369602.6,"totalDisbursements":416571.5,"cashOnHand":50367.74},{"cmteId":"C00489336","cmteName":"WILD AND WONDERFUL PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":483952,"totalDisbursements":489315.5,"cashOnHand":45004.29}],"totalRaised":4226076,"totalSpent":3922483.6999999993}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001047_74zkis","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $8,178,422 in itemized individual contributions, $5,435,052 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":8178422,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-408484,"$200.01-$499":330761,"$500-$999":806665,"$1000-$1999":2014428,"$2000 and over":5435052},"megaShare":66.5,"smallDonorShare":-5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001047_7hsm7d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,000 donation spike on 2024-06-26 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-26 this committee recorded $70,000 across 15 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,131.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00489336","date":"2024-06-26","amount":70000,"count":15,"baseline":8131,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489336/"]},{"id":"P15_C001047_91tj0a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$135,350 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $135,350 across 167 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,746.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539825","date":"2014-03-31","amount":135350,"count":167,"baseline":12746,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/"]},{"id":"P15_C001047_6ow8xg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,400 donation spike on 2019-06-24 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-24 this committee recorded $102,400 across 45 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,008.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539825","date":"2019-06-24","amount":102400,"count":45,"baseline":13008,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/"]},{"id":"P15_C001047_nq7ta0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,100 donation spike on 2013-03-12 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-12 this committee recorded $101,100 across 16 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,721.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539825","date":"2013-03-12","amount":101100,"count":16,"baseline":13721,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/"]},{"id":"P15_C001047_nq5w9r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,350 donation spike on 2013-06-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-30 this committee recorded $97,350 across 84 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,298.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539825","date":"2013-06-30","amount":97350,"count":84,"baseline":11298,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/"]},{"id":"P15_C001047_91pp35","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,940 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $91,940 across 113 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,616.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539825","date":"2014-09-30","amount":91940,"count":113,"baseline":11616,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/"]},{"id":"P15_C001047_ygb273","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,500 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $91,500 across 39 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,259.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539825","date":"2025-09-30","amount":91500,"count":39,"baseline":9259,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/"]},{"id":"P15_C001047_91pp5n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,350 donation spike on 2014-09-03 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-03 this committee recorded $88,350 across 97 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,908.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539825","date":"2014-09-03","amount":88350,"count":97,"baseline":8908,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/"]},{"id":"P15_C001047_91bnf4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,650 donation spike on 2014-10-15 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-10-15 this committee recorded $85,650 across 97 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,239.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539825","date":"2014-10-15","amount":85650,"count":97,"baseline":12239,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/"]},{"id":"P17_C001047_GIS_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-17, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on GIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"L000554","name":"Frank A. LoBiondo"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_LIN_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-11-05, 5 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_LIN_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 4 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_ABT_2020-02-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-28 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2020-02-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-02-28 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_AVGO_2024-06-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-06-24 and 2024-07-01, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2024-06-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2024-06-24 to 2024-07-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_AVGO_2024-06-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-06-28 and 2024-07-05, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2024-06-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2024-06-28 to 2024-07-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_K_2017-09-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold K within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-09-22 and 2017-09-27, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on K. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","date":"2017-09-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"K","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2017-09-22 to 2017-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_K_2025-12-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold K within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-12-11 and 2025-12-11, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on K. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","date":"2025-12-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"K","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-12-11 to 2025-12-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_CMCSA_2025-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-19 and 2025-02-25, 4 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2025-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-02-19 to 2025-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_CMCSA_2025-02-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-24 and 2025-02-25, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2025-02-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-02-24 to 2025-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_APD_2024-06-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold APD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-06-27 and 2024-07-02, 3 members took the same direction on APD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","date":"2024-06-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"APD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"}],"span":"2024-06-27 to 2024-07-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_SPGI_2023-09-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SPGI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-26 and 2023-10-03, 4 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on SPGI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SPGI","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-26 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_SPGI_2023-09-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought SPGI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-27 and 2023-10-03, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on SPGI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-09-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SPGI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-27 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_ACN_2023-09-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-22 and 2023-09-29, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2023-09-22","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2023-09-22 to 2023-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_RTX_2023-09-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-21 and 2023-09-27, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2023-09-21 to 2023-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_BLK_2018-03-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-03-29 and 2018-04-05, 4 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2018-03-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000295","name":"David Joyce"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2018-03-29 to 2018-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_BLK_2018-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-04-03 and 2018-04-05, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2018-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2018-04-03 to 2018-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_RDS.B_2019-03-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-11 and 2019-03-18, 3 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"}],"span":"2019-03-11 to 2019-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_DHR_2019-03-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-06 and 2019-03-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-03-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2019-03-06 to 2019-03-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_PX_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-10-31, 5 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_PX_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-10-31, 4 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001047_CB_2016-01-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-15 and 2016-01-21, 3 members took the same direction on CB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","date":"2016-01-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000554","name":"Frank A. LoBiondo"},{"bioguideId":"K000383","name":"Angus King"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2016-01-15 to 2016-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001047_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"39 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shelley Moore Capito executed 39 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2026-03-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","date":"2026-03-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2026-03-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General License 5T","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-03-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Excise Tax on Repurchase of Corporate Stock; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2026-02-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001047_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"63 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shelley Moore Capito executed 63 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-12-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-12-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-12-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Governing the Taking and Importing of Marine Mammals","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-01-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Modification of the West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Inseason Actions #6-#8","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-11-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001047_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shelley Moore Capito executed 9 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2024-02-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2023-06-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Prior Notice: Adding Requirement To Submit Mail Tracking Number for Articles of Food Arriving by International Mail and ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-09-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Food Additives Permitted in Feed and Drinking Water of Animals; Chromium Propionate","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-01-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001047_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shelley Moore Capito executed 15 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-10-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-06-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEG","date":"2025-03-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEG","date":"2025-02-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-09-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Okeechobee Waterway, Stuart, FL; Extension of Deviation","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001047_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shelley Moore Capito executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2025-07-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2022-02-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of Environmental Impact Analysis Process (EIAP) Regulation","agency":"Defense Department, Air Force Department","date":"2025-07-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2023-08-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001047_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shelley Moore Capito executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2024-09-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2024-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2024 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2024-09-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standards for Accessible Medical Diagnostic Equipment","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2024-07-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001047_ng9r3c","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito campaign paid $2,283,893 to 49 surname-matched vendors, top: CAPITO FOR WEST VIRGINIA","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's campaign paid 99 disbursements totaling $2,283,893 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAPITO FOR WEST VIRGINIA","total":2079183.05,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"CAPITO FOR WEST VIRGINIA","amount":1431119.2,"date":"2012-12-19","description":"TRANSFER OUT","surnameMatched":"capito","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CAPITO FOR WEST VIRGINIA","amount":175132.24,"date":"2012-12-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT","surnameMatched":"capito","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CAPITO FOR WEST VIRGINIA","amount":168587.5,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"capito","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARK SPANGLER LLC","total":45000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"MARK SPANGLER LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2022-03-30","description":"CONSULTING - FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MARK SPANGLER LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2022-02-28","description":"CONSULTING - FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MARK SPANGLER LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2022-02-07","description":"CONSULTING - FUNDRDAISING","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SPANGLER, C.D.","total":25000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SPANGLER, C.D.","amount":25000,"date":"1977-09-20","description":"LOAN REP TO INDIVIDUAL","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1978}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SPANGLER GRAPHICS","total":19036.68,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SPANGLER GRAPHICS","amount":9893.38,"date":"2008-10-10","description":"MAILING, POSTAGE, PRINTING","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SPANGLER GRAPHICS","amount":9143.3,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"MAILING, POSTAGE, PRINTING","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SPANGLER, EMILY","total":13895.679999999997,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"SPANGLER, EMILY","amount":1392.81,"date":"2022-09-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SPANGLER, EMILY","amount":1392.8,"date":"2022-09-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SPANGLER, EMILY","amount":1392.8,"date":"2022-08-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SPANGLER, NOAH","total":13423.220000000001,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"SPANGLER, NOAH","amount":1644.77,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SPANGLER, NOAH","amount":1644.77,"date":"2016-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SPANGLER, NOAH","amount":1644.77,"date":"2016-05-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"spangler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CAPITO%20FOR%20WEST%20VIRGINIA"]},{"id":"P22_C001047_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Shelley Moore Capito cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_C001047_m1cqtw","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"35 trades in MSFT (Technology) — 6% of this member's 546 total trades","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"MSFT","count":35,"buys":5,"sells":30,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2016-04-19","lastDate":"2025-12-16"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AAPL","count":18,"buys":4,"sells":14,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2016-03-22","lastDate":"2025-12-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001047","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing; 2 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 1 more)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 2 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":53,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_C001047_LIN_20221101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in LIN 15 days before FTC action","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sold LIN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-11-01","title":"FTC Further Modifies 2019 Order Requiring Praxair, Inc. and Linde AG to Sell Assets in Nine Industrial Gases Product Markets","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/11/ftc-further-modifies-2019-order-requiring-praxair-inc-linde-ag-sell-assets-nine-industrial-gases"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-17","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/11/ftc-further-modifies-2019-order-requiring-praxair-inc-linde-ag-sell-assets-nine-industrial-gases"]},{"id":"P38_C001047_Finance_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Finance PACs gave $5K in 2020 — 1.3× baseline — after 18-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito executed 18 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $5,000 — 1.3× the member's all-cycle baseline of $3,833/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":18},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Finance","amount":5000,"baseline":3833,"ratio":"1.3"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_C001047_Finance_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Finance PACs gave $10K in 2022 — 2.1× baseline — after 10-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito executed 10 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $10,000 — 2.1× the member's all-cycle baseline of $4,667/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":10},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Finance","amount":10000,"baseline":4667,"ratio":"2.1"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_C001047_Healthcare_2024","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $5K in 2026 — 4.6× baseline — after 6-trade concentration in 2024","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito executed 6 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2024 cycle. In the following cycle (2026), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $5,000 — 4.6× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,093/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2024","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":6},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2026,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":5000,"baseline":1093,"ratio":"4.6"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001047_AMT_20201231","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $AMT 1 day after a corporate insider (HORMATS ROBERT D  (CIK 0001029613)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"HORMATS ROBERT D  (CIK 0001029613)","filingDate":"2020-12-30","adsh":"0001053507-20-000180","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_MSFT_20240717","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2024-07-16","adsh":"0001062993-24-013850","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_UNH_20241220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $UNH 1 day after a corporate insider (HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)","filingDate":"2024-12-19","adsh":"0000731766-24-000366","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_UNH_20230922","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $UNH 1 day after a corporate insider (MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)","filingDate":"2023-09-21","adsh":"0001209191-23-050312","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_SBUX_20240223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SBUX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $SBUX 1 day after a corporate insider (KELLY SARA  (CIK 0001971792)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"KELLY SARA  (CIK 0001971792)","filingDate":"2024-02-22","adsh":"0001127602-24-006394","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_ADI_20260210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $ADI 1 day after a corporate insider (Aarnes Robert B  (CIK 0001754267)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"Aarnes Robert B  (CIK 0001754267)","filingDate":"2026-02-09","adsh":"0001754267-26-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_AAPL_20250205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $AAPL 1 day after a corporate insider (SUGAR RONALD D  (CIK 0001216519)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"SUGAR RONALD D  (CIK 0001216519)","filingDate":"2025-02-04","adsh":"0000320193-25-000021","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_AAPL_20210825","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $AAPL 1 day after a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2021-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-21-000071","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_TGT_20250411","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TGT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $TGT 1 day after a corporate insider (LIEGEL MATTHEW A  (CIK 0001921955)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGT","filer":"LIEGEL MATTHEW A  (CIK 0001921955)","filingDate":"2025-04-10","adsh":"0000027419-25-000086","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_MSFT_20250618","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001062993-25-011774","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_MSFT_20240920","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)","filingDate":"2024-09-18","adsh":"0001062993-24-016761","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_AVGO_20250718","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $AVGO 2 days after a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2025-07-16","adsh":"0001730168-25-000091","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_LLY_20251024","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LLY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $LLY 2 days after a corporate insider (Fyrwald J Erik  (CIK 0001343564)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Fyrwald J Erik  (CIK 0001343564)","filingDate":"2025-10-22","adsh":"0000059478-25-000245","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_CVX_20231201","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CVX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $CVX 2 days after a corporate insider (MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)","filingDate":"2023-11-29","adsh":"0001127602-23-028426","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_META_20250326","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $META 2 days after a corporate insider (Anderson Aaron  (CIK 0001645073)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Anderson Aaron  (CIK 0001645073)","filingDate":"2025-03-24","adsh":"0000950103-25-003758","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_C_20250618","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $C 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $C 2 days after a corporate insider (Silver Lake Group, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001418226)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"Silver Lake Group, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001418226)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0000950170-25-086965","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_WEC_20220525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WEC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $WEC 2 days after a corporate insider (Mulroy Molly A  (CIK 0001875170)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WEC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WEC","filer":"Mulroy Molly A  (CIK 0001875170)","filingDate":"2022-05-23","adsh":"0000107815-22-000202","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_MSFT_20250918","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $MSFT 3 days after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2025-09-15","adsh":"0000789019-25-000045","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_MSFT_20241216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $MSFT 3 days after a corporate insider (MacGregor Catherine  (CIK 0001415757)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"MacGregor Catherine  (CIK 0001415757)","filingDate":"2024-12-13","adsh":"0001062993-24-020620","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_PAYX_20251021","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PAYX 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $PAYX 4 days after a corporate insider (Payton Theresa M.  (CIK 0001961605)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAYX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAYX","filer":"Payton Theresa M.  (CIK 0001961605)","filingDate":"2025-10-17","adsh":"0001193125-25-242459","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_BLK_20260210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BLK 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $BLK 4 days after a corporate insider (Johnson Margaret L  (CIK 0001320483)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Johnson Margaret L  (CIK 0001320483)","filingDate":"2026-02-06","adsh":"0002012383-26-000918","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001047_UBSI_20210303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UBSI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $UBSI 5 days after a corporate insider (ADAMS RICHARD M JR  (CIK 0001190513)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBSI","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBSI","filer":"ADAMS RICHARD M JR  (CIK 0001190513)","filingDate":"2021-02-26","adsh":"0001225208-21-003905","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_AXP_20250701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AXP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $AXP 1 day before a corporate insider (Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)","filingDate":"2025-07-02","adsh":"0001127602-25-018646"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_GOOGL_20251216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001193125-25-323453"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_MSFT_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001626431-20-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_C_20210726","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $C 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $C 1 day before a corporate insider (TA ASSOCIATES, L.P.  (CIK 0001034569)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"TA ASSOCIATES, L.P.  (CIK 0001034569)","filingDate":"2021-07-27","adsh":"0001209191-21-048341"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_UBSI_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UBSI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $UBSI 1 day before a corporate insider (ADAMS RICHARD M JR  (CIK 0001190513)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBSI","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBSI","filer":"ADAMS RICHARD M JR  (CIK 0001190513)","filingDate":"2021-02-24","adsh":"0001225208-21-003662"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_GOOGL_20250729","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $GOOGL 2 days before a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-07-31","adsh":"0000950170-25-101085"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_GOOGL_20250429","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $GOOGL 2 days before a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-05-01","adsh":"0000950170-25-061986"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_META_20250729","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $META 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $META 2 days before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-07-31","adsh":"0000950103-25-009651"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_ABT_20250224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $ABT 3 days before a corporate insider (Boudreau Philip P  (CIK 0001805099)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Boudreau Philip P  (CIK 0001805099)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001415889-25-005885"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_LIN_20221017","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LIN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $LIN 3 days before a corporate insider (Shi Yuzhu  (CIK 0001424727)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"Shi Yuzhu  (CIK 0001424727)","filingDate":"2022-10-20","adsh":"0001209191-22-054202"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_UNH_20250623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $UNH 3 days before a corporate insider (Noel Timothy John  (CIK 0002053810)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"Noel Timothy John  (CIK 0002053810)","filingDate":"2025-06-26","adsh":"0000731766-25-000190"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_WFC_20210426","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WFC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $WFC 3 days before a corporate insider (Vautrinot Suzanne M  (CIK 0001589791)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Vautrinot Suzanne M  (CIK 0001589791)","filingDate":"2021-04-29","adsh":"0001127602-21-014665"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_CMCSA_20250224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $CMCSA 3 days before a corporate insider (ROBERTS BRIAN L  (CIK 0001063948)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"ROBERTS BRIAN L  (CIK 0001063948)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001225208-25-002535"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_KO_20231218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $KO 4 days before a corporate insider (Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)","filingDate":"2023-12-22","adsh":"0001437749-23-035281"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_KO_20220617","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $KO 4 days before a corporate insider (Miura-Ko R. Ann  (CIK 0001760220)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Miura-Ko R. Ann  (CIK 0001760220)","filingDate":"2022-06-21","adsh":"0001209191-22-038611"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_NSC_20240822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NSC 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $NSC 4 days before a corporate insider (Fahmy Sameh  (CIK 0002024599)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NSC","filer":"Fahmy Sameh  (CIK 0002024599)","filingDate":"2024-08-26","adsh":"0001225208-24-008191"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_TFC_20231229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TFC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $TFC 5 days before a corporate insider (QUBEIN NIDO R  (CIK 0001195214)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TFC","filer":"QUBEIN NIDO R  (CIK 0001195214)","filingDate":"2024-01-03","adsh":"0001664272-24-000017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_OTIS_20201231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $OTIS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $OTIS 5 days before a corporate insider (Cramer James F.  (CIK 0001816080)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OTIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OTIS","filer":"Cramer James F.  (CIK 0001816080)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001062993-21-000129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_APD_20240627","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $APD 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $APD 5 days before a corporate insider (Davis Lisa Ann  (CIK 0001706496)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APD","filer":"Davis Lisa Ann  (CIK 0001706496)","filingDate":"2024-07-02","adsh":"0001225208-24-007143"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_CLX_20201231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CLX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $CLX 5 days before a corporate insider (WEINER RUSSELL J  (CIK 0001622458)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLX","filer":"WEINER RUSSELL J  (CIK 0001622458)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001225208-21-000247"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_MSFT_20220224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $MSFT 6 days before a corporate insider (Capossela Christopher C  (CIK 0001601944)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Capossela Christopher C  (CIK 0001601944)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001062993-22-006428"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_JPM_20250117","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JPM 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $JPM 6 days before a corporate insider (Boler-Davis Alicia S  (CIK 0001677195)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"Boler-Davis Alicia S  (CIK 0001677195)","filingDate":"2025-01-23","adsh":"0001225208-25-000773"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_AVGO_20241212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $AVGO 6 days before a corporate insider (Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)","filingDate":"2024-12-18","adsh":"0001730168-24-000127"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_UNH_20201231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito buy $UNH 6 days before a corporate insider (WILENSKY GAIL R  (CIK 0001018538)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"WILENSKY GAIL R  (CIK 0001018538)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0001209191-21-002287"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_NEE_20220224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sell $NEE 6 days before a corporate insider (YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001020710-22-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001047_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+21 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito accumulated 46 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 21 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":21,"totalRaw":46}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_111_HR_1331","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 27 days before sponsoring HR 1331 (Finance)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 1331 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $JPM 27 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_1331","type":"HR","number":"1331","title":"REFI for Homeowners Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1331"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1331","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_111_HR_1904","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 27 days before sponsoring HR 1904 (Finance)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 1904 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $JPM 27 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_1904","type":"HR","number":"1904","title":"Border Fence Trust Fund Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1904"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1904","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_111_HR_2073","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LOW 20 days before sponsoring HR 2073 (Consumer)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 2073 on 2025-01-02 — a Consumer-sector bill — and sell $LOW 20 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_2073","type":"HR","number":"2073","title":"To amend title 23, United States Code, to permit the State of West Virginia to allow the operation of certain vehicles for the hauling of coal and coal by-products on Interstate Route 77 in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","sector":"Consumer","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2073"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2073","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_111_HR_2587","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 27 days before sponsoring HR 2587 (Finance)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 2587 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $JPM 27 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_2587","type":"HR","number":"2587","title":"Neighborhood Stabilization Program Reform Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2587"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2587","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_111_HR_3413","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AVGO 27 days before sponsoring HR 3413 (Technology)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 3413 on 2025-08-14 — a Technology-sector bill — and sell $AVGO 27 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 5 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_3413","type":"HR","number":"3413","title":"Rural Information Technology Investment Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Technology","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/3413"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/3413","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_111_HR_5031","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 27 days before sponsoring HR 5031 (Finance)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 5031 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $JPM 27 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_5031","type":"HR","number":"5031","title":"Young Savers' Tax Credit Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/5031"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/5031","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_111_HR_5788","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AXP 12 days before sponsoring HR 5788 (Finance)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 5788 on 2026-03-23 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $AXP 12 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_5788","type":"HR","number":"5788","title":"Mine Safety Accountability and Improved Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-23","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/5788"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/5788","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_112_HR_1081","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 27 days before sponsoring HR 1081 (Finance)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 1081 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $JPM 27 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_1081","type":"HR","number":"1081","title":"Consumers Payment System Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/1081"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/1081","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_112_HR_2323","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SBUX 16 days after sponsoring HR 2323 (Consumer)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 2323 on 2024-02-07 — a Consumer-sector bill — and buy $SBUX 16 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_2323","type":"HR","number":"2323","title":"To amend title 23, United States Code, to permit the State of West Virginia to allow the operation of certain vehicles for the hauling of coal and coal by-products on Interstate Route 77 in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","sector":"Consumer","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2323"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2323","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_112_HR_2324","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $META 29 days before sponsoring HR 2324 (Technology)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 2324 on 2025-12-12 — a Technology-sector bill — and buy $META 29 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 4 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_2324","type":"HR","number":"2324","title":"ROADS SAFE Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-12-12","sector":"Technology","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2324"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2324","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_112_HR_2983","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GD 14 days before sponsoring HR 2983 (Defense)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 2983 on 2025-08-14 — a Defense-sector bill — and sell $GD 14 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_2983","type":"HR","number":"2983","title":"Rebuilding American Roads Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Defense","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2983"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2983","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001047_112_HR_3697","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AXP 12 days before sponsoring HR 3697 (Finance)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored HR 3697 on 2026-03-23 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $AXP 12 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_3697","type":"HR","number":"3697","title":"Mine Safety Accountability and Improved Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-23","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3697"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3697","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337981","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 4 days before a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2026-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.71, to require Amtrak to install baby changing tables in bathrooms on passenger rail cars, S.1898, to establi…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $AVGO (a Technology-sector stock) 4 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"337981","title":"Business meeting to consider S.71, to require Amtrak to install baby changing tables in bathrooms on passenger rail cars, S.1898, to establish a demonstration program for the active remediation of orbital debris and to require the development of uniform orbital debris standard practices in order to support a safe and sustainable orbital environment, S.2585, to modernize and improve the Broadband Funding Map in order to promote the most efficient use of Federal funds for broadband deployment, S.3199, to establish a multi-stakeholder advisory committee tasked with providing detailed recommendations to address challenges to transmitting geolocation information with calls to the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, S.3266, to support the athletic programs of the United States Merchant Marine Academy, S.3468, to establish a national programmable cloud laboratories network to enhance research efficiency, innovation, and collaboration, S.3639, to expedite processing of satellite and space licenses, S.3700, to establish an expert review panel to make recommendations for a comprehensive agency-wide safety management system at the FAA, and routine lists in the Coast Guard; to be immediately followed by a hearing to examine the NTSB final report on the DCA midair collision.","date":"2026-02-12T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337981"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337981","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337962","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 2 days before a Technology hearing in Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-02-10 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine a review of broadband deployment funding at the Department of Commerce.\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $AVGO (a Technology-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies","eventId":"337962","title":"Hearings to examine a review of broadband deployment funding at the Department of Commerce.","date":"2026-02-10T14:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337962"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337962","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337945","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 5 days after a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2026-02-03 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.71, to require Amtrak to install baby changing tables in bathrooms on passenger rail cars, S.1898, to establi…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $AVGO (a Technology-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"337945","title":"Business meeting to consider S.71, to require Amtrak to install baby changing tables in bathrooms on passenger rail cars, S.1898, to establish a demonstration program for the active remediation of orbital debris and to require the development of uniform orbital debris standard practices in order to support a safe and sustainable orbital environment, S.2585, to modernize and improve the Broadband Funding Map in order to promote the most efficient use of Federal funds for broadband deployment, S.3199, to establish a multi-stakeholder advisory committee tasked with providing detailed recommendations to address challenges to transmitting geolocation information with calls to the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, S.3266, to support the athletic programs of the United States Merchant Marine Academy, S.3468, to establish a national programmable cloud laboratories network to enhance research efficiency, innovation, and collaboration, S.3639, to expedite processing of satellite and space licenses, S.3700, to establish an expert review panel to make recommendations for a comprehensive agency-wide safety management system at the FAA, and the nominations of Daniel Edwards, of North Carolina, to be an Assistant Secretary, and Ryan McCormack, of Virginia, to be Under Secretary for Policy, both of the Department of Transportation, Steven Haines, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce, Robert Harvey, of Florida, to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner, and John DeLeeuw, of Texas, to be a Member of the National Transportation Safety Board.","date":"2026-02-03T14:45:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337945"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337945","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337655","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $META 7 days before a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider the nominations of Stephen Carmel, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Maritime Administration, John DeLeeu…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $META (a Technology-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"337655","title":"Business meeting to consider the nominations of Stephen Carmel, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Maritime Administration, John DeLeeuw, of Texas, to be a Member of the National Transportation Safety Board, Laura DiBella, of Florida, to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner, Ethan Klein, of New Jersey, to be an Associate Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Ryan McCormack, of Virginia, to be Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy, Trent Morse, of Florida, to be a Member of the Board of Directors of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Timothy Petty, of Indiana, to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, and Michelle A. Schultz, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the Surface Transportation Board.","date":"2025-11-19T15:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337655"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337655","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337541","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CVX 5 days before a Energy hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2025-10-21 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.1070, to establish a National STEM Week to promote American innovation and enhance STEM education pathways fo…\" — classified as Energy sector. The member sell $CVX (a Energy-sector stock) 5 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"337541","title":"Business meeting to consider S.1070, to establish a National STEM Week to promote American innovation and enhance STEM education pathways for all students, including those in rural, urban, and underserved communities, S.2126, to reauthorize the Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation System Act of 2009, S.2245, to amend the Digital Coast Act to improve the acquisition, integration, and accessibility of data of the Digital Coast program and to extend the program, S.2357, to reauthorize the Young Fishermen's Development Act, S.2563, to direct the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, to conduct an interagency review of and report to Congress on ways to increase the global competitiveness of the United States in attracting foreign direct investment, S.2666, to direct the Federal Communications Commission to establish a taskforce on unlawful robocalls, S.2975, to amend title 49, United States Code, to enhance the safety of pipeline transportation, S.2503, to require all aircraft to be equipped with Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast In, to improve aviation safety, and the nominations of Joyce Meyer, of Virginia, to be Under Secretary for Economic Affairs, and Harry Kumar, of New York, to be an Assistant Secretary, both of the Department of Commerce, and Seval Oz, of California, to be an Assistant Secretary of Transportation.","date":"2025-10-21T14:00:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337541"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337541","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337432","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL on the same day as a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2025-09-17 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider the nomination of Neil Jacobs, of North Carolina, to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere; …\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"337432","title":"Business meeting to consider the nomination of Neil Jacobs, of North Carolina, to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere; to be immediately followed by hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Graham, of Virginia, to be a Member of the National Transportation Safety Board, Ethan Klein, of New Jersey, to be an Associate Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and Joyce Meyer, of Virginia, to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs.","date":"2025-09-17T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337432"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337432","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337343","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GD 1 day before a Defense hearing in Senate Appropriations","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Appropriations, which on 2025-07-31 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to markup an original bill entitled, \"Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026\", and an original bill entitled, \"Depa…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations","eventId":"337343","title":"Business meeting to markup an original bill entitled, \"Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026\", and an original bill entitled, \"Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026\".","date":"2025-07-31T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337343"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337343","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337261","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 13 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Appropriations","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Appropriations, which on 2025-07-17 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to markup H.R.3944, making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and related agenci…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations","eventId":"337261","title":"Business meeting to markup H.R.3944, making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026.","date":"2025-07-17T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337261"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337261","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_336893","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days before a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2025-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.29, to make daylight saving time permanent, S.191, to require the Secretary of Transportation to modify certa…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $GOOGL (a Technology-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"336893","title":"Business meeting to consider S.29, to make daylight saving time permanent, S.191, to require the Secretary of Transportation to modify certain regulations relating to the requirements for commercial driver's license testing and commercial learner's permit holders, S.196, to improve online ticket sales and protect consumers, S.259, to direct the Federal Communications Commission to publish a list of entities that hold authorizations, licenses, or other grants of authority issued by the Commission and that have certain foreign ownership, S.320, to authorize the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977, S.580, to require the Secretary of Commerce to provide training and guidance relating to human rights abuses, including such abuses perpetrated against the Uyghur population by the Government of the People's Republic of China, S.606, to authorize the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to reimburse the Town of Chincoteague, Virginia, for costs directly associated with the removal and replacement of certain drinking water wells, S.688, to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing at its sources globally, S.725, to direct the Federal Communications Commission to issue reports after activation of the Disaster Information Reporting System and to make improvements to network outage reporting, to categorize public safety telecommunicators as a protective service occupation under the Standard Occupational Classification system, S.769, to amend the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act to clarify the definition of foreign country for purposes of malign foreign talent recruitment restriction, S.1003, to require the Federal Communications Commission to issue an order providing that a shark attack is an event for which a wireless emergency alert may be transmitted, S.1081, to require the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to submit certain reports to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, S.1278, to require the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere to conduct a project to improve forecasts of coastal marine fog, S.1378, to enhance the use by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of artificial intelligence for weather forecasting, S.1433, to reauthorize the Northwest Straits Marine Conservation Initiative Act to promote the protection of the resources of the Northwest Straits, S.1437, to require the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to establish a program to identify, evaluate, acquire, and disseminate commercial Earth remote sensing data and imagery in order to satisfy the scientific, operational, and educational requirements of the Administration, S.1492, to require the Secretary of Commerce support the leadership of the United States with respect to the deployment, use, application, and competitiveness of blockchain technology, and the nominations of Olivia Trusty, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Federal Communications Commission, Jared Isaacman, of Pennsylvania, to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and routine lists in the Coast Guard.","date":"2025-04-30T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336893"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336893","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_337049","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $C 6 days after a Finance hearing in Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 2026  for the Department of the Treasury.\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $C (a Finance-sector stock) 6 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government","eventId":"337049","title":"Hearings to examine proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 2026  for the Department of the Treasury.","date":"2025-06-11T20:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337049"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337049","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_336949","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 7 days before a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2025-05-14 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine FAA reauthorization one year later, focusing on aviation safety, air traffic, and next generation technology.\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $GOOGL (a Technology-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"336949","title":"Hearings to examine FAA reauthorization one year later, focusing on aviation safety, air traffic, and next generation technology.","date":"2025-05-14T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336949"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336949","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_336715","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $META 13 days after a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2025-03-12 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.28, to require the disclosure of a camera or recording capability in certain internet-connected devices, S.97…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $META (a Technology-sector stock) 13 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"336715","title":"Business meeting to consider S.28, to require the disclosure of a camera or recording capability in certain internet-connected devices, S.97, to require SelectUSA to coordinate with State-level economic development organizations to increase foreign direct investment in semiconductor-related manufacturing and production, S.244, to direct the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information, to conduct a study of the national security risks posed by consumer routers, modems, and devices that combine a modem and router, S.289, to ban the sale of products with a high concentration of sodium nitrate to individuals, S.323, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information to develop a National Strategy to Synchronize Federal Broadband Programs, S.389, to establish consumer standards for lithium-ion batteries, S.414, to require covered digital advertising platforms to report their public service advertisements, S.428, to promote space situational awareness and space traffic coordination and to modify the functions and leadership of the Office of Space Commerce, S.433, to require the Secretary of Commerce to establish the National Manufacturing Advisory Council within the Department of Commerce, S.582, to provide for the authorized use of Federal vehicle transportation by certain astronauts, S.613, to require the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere to maintain the National Mesonet Program, S.759, to provide for standardization, publication, and accessibility of data relating to public outdoor recreational use of Federal waterways, S.841, to require online dating service providers to provide fraud ban notifications to online dating service members, S.843, to require the Secretary of Commerce to establish the Sea Turtle Rescue Assistance Grant Program, and the nominations of Mark Meador, of Virginia, to be a Federal Trade Commissioner, and Michael Kratsios, of South Carolina, to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.","date":"2025-03-12T13:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336715"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-26"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336715","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_115832","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BMY 12 days after a Pharma hearing in House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-04-27 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Fiscal Year 2024 Request for the Drug Enforcement Administration\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $BMY (a Pharma-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115832","title":"Budget Hearing – Fiscal Year 2024 Request for the Drug Enforcement Administration","date":"2023-04-27T13:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115832"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115832","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_115564","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UPS 6 days after a Industrials hearing in House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2023-03-28 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Fiscal Year 2024 Request for the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 6 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"115564","title":"Budget Hearing – Fiscal Year 2024 Request for the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency","date":"2023-03-28T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115564"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115564","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_335710","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 9 days before a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2024-05-01 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.275, to require the Federal Communications Commission to establish a vetting process for prospective applican…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"335710","title":"Business meeting to consider S.275, to require the Federal Communications Commission to establish a vetting process for prospective applicants for high-cost universal service program funding, S.690, to direct the Federal Communications Commission to evaluate and consider the impact of the telecommunications network equipment supply chain on the deployment of universal service, S.1291, to require that social media platforms verify the age of their users, prohibit the use of algorithmic recommendation systems on individuals under age 18, require parental or guardian consent for social media users under age 18, and prohibit users who are under age 13 from accessing social media platforms, S.1570, to amend the Bottles and Breastfeeding Equipment Screening Act to require hygienic handling of breast milk and baby formula by security screening personnel of the Transportation Security Administration and personnel of private security companies providing security screening, S.2086, to require the Secretary of Commerce to establish the Sea Turtle Rescue Assistance Grant Program, S.2233, to ban the sale of products with a high concentration of sodium nitrite to individuals, S.2714, to establish the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource, S.3277, to amend the Marine Debris Act to reauthorize the Marine Debris Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, S.3475, to amend title 49, United States Code, to allow the Secretary of Transportation to designate an authorized operator of the commercial driver's license information system, S.3788, to reauthorize the National Landslide Preparedness Act, S.3879, to require the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and the Administrator of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to develop a standard methodology for identifying the country of origin of red snapper imported into the United States, S.4178, to establish artificial intelligence standards, metrics, and evaluation tools, to support artificial intelligence research, development, and capacity building activities, to promote innovation in the artificial intelligence industry by ensuring companies of all sizes can succeed and thrive, an original bill entitled, \"Spectrum and National Security Act\", and the nominations of Daniel B. Maffei, of New York, and Rebecca F. Dye, of North Carolina, both to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner, Jennifer L. Homendy, of Virginia, to be Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, and to be a Member of the National Transportation Safety Board, Patrick John Fuchs, of Wisconsin, to be a Member of the Surface Transportation Board, Samuel H. Slater, of Massachusetts, to be a Member of the Board of Directors of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, and routine lists in the Coast Guard.","date":"2024-05-01T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335710"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335710","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_335624","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 2 days before a Technology hearing in Senate Environment and Public Works","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Environment and Public Works, which on 2024-04-10 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the state of air quality monitoring technology.\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Environment and Public Works","eventId":"335624","title":"Hearings to examine the state of air quality monitoring technology.","date":"2024-04-10T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335624"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335624","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_335503","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SBUX 13 days before a Consumer hearing in Senate Environment and Public Works","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Environment and Public Works, which on 2024-03-06 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine extended producer responsibility policies for consumer packaging.\" — classified as Consumer sector. The member buy $SBUX (a Consumer-sector stock) 13 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Environment and Public Works","eventId":"335503","title":"Hearings to examine extended producer responsibility policies for consumer packaging.","date":"2024-03-06T15:00:00Z","sector":"Consumer","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335503"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335503","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_334350","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMGN 11 days before a Pharma hearing in Senate Appropriations","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Appropriations, which on 2023-06-22 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider 302(b) Subcommittee allocations, an original bill entitled, ¿Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Relat…\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $AMGN (a Pharma-sector stock) 11 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations","eventId":"334350","title":"Business meeting to consider 302(b) Subcommittee allocations, an original bill entitled, ¿Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024¿, and an original bill entitled, ¿Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024¿.","date":"2023-06-22T14:30:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334350"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334350","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_333929","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UPS 5 days after a Industrials hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2023-03-29 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine advancing next generation aviation technologies.\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"333929","title":"Hearings to examine advancing next generation aviation technologies.","date":"2023-03-29T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333929"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333929","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001047_333882","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MCD 11 days after a Consumer hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine enhancing consumer protections and connectivity in air transportation.\" — classified as Consumer sector. The member sell $MCD (a Consumer-sector stock) 11 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"333882","title":"Hearings to examine enhancing consumer protections and connectivity in air transportation.","date":"2023-03-23T14:00:00Z","sector":"Consumer","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333882"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333882","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_CSCO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $CSCO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $CSCO on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $CSCO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CSCO","assetName":"CSCO - Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CSCO","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-01"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_ENB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $ENB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $ENB on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $ENB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ENB","assetName":"ENB - Enbridge Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ENB","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_AMGN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $AMGN — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $AMGN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $AMGN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMGN","assetName":"AMGN - Amgen Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMGN","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_ADI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $ADI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $ADI on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $ADI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ADI","assetName":"ADI - Analog Devices","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ADI","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_KO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $KO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $KO on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $KO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KO","assetName":"KO - Coca-Cola Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KO","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-17"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CMCSA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $CMCSA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CMCSA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CMCSA","assetName":"CMCSA - Comcast Corporation - Class A Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CMCSA","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_GILD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $GILD — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $GILD on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $GILD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GILD","assetName":"GILD - Gilead Sciences, Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GILD","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-09-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_LOW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"12 trades in $LOW — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $LOW on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 12 reported trades in $LOW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LOW","assetName":"LOW - Lowe's Companies, Inc. 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The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $MRK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MRK","assetName":"MRK - Merck & Co., Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MRK","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"35 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 35 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":35,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-16"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_MDLZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $MDLZ — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $MDLZ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $MDLZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MDLZ","assetName":"MDLZ - Mondelez International, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MDLZ","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_NVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $NVS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $NVS on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $NVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NVS","assetName":"NVS - Novartis AG","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NVS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_QCOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $QCOM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $QCOM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $QCOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"QCOM","assetName":"QCOM - QUALCOMM Incorporated - Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"QCOM","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-11-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-09-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_RHHBY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $RHHBY — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $RHHBY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $RHHBY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RHHBY","assetName":"RHHBY - Roche Holding AG","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RHHBY","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-02-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_GD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $GD — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $GD on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $GD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GD","assetName":"GD - General Dynamics Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GD","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-31"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_GWW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $GWW — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $GWW on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $GWW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GWW","assetName":"GWW - W.W. 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The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $ITW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ITW","assetName":"ITW - Illinois Tool Works Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ITW","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-24"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-17"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_JNJ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $JNJ — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $JNJ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $JNJ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JNJ","assetName":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JNJ","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-17"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_MDT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $MDT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $MDT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $MDT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MDT","assetName":"MDT - Medtronic plc","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MDT","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_NEE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $NEE — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $NEE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $NEE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NEE","assetName":"NEE - NextEra Energy, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NEE","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-26"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_NSC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $NSC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $NSC on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $NSC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NSC","assetName":"NSC - Norfolk Southern Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NSC","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-25"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-22"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_UBSI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $UBSI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $UBSI on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $UBSI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"UBSI","assetName":"UBSI - United Bankshares Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"UBSI","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_WFC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"13 trades in $WFC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $WFC on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 13 reported trades in $WFC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WFC","assetName":"WFC - Wells Fargo & Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WFC","tradeCount":13,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-27"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_XOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $XOM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $XOM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $XOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XOM","assetName":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XOM","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 18 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":18,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-16"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_C001047_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 5 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ, MDT, ABT, UNH)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS, JNJ, MDT, ABT, UNH) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ","MDT","ABT","UNH"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_C001047_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 4 Defense stocks (LMT, GD, LHX, RTX)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (LMT, GD, LHX, RTX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["LMT","GD","LHX","RTX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_C001047_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 5 Energy stocks (WMB, XOM, CVX, PSX, COP)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (WMB, XOM, CVX, PSX, COP) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["WMB","XOM","CVX","PSX","COP"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_C001047","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$54K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 65% from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATI","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito received $53,774.57 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION ($34,953.54 = 65%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":53774.57,"oppose":4643.71,"byYear":{"2010":6129.58,"2012":528.8199999999999,"2014":43545.89,"2020":8213.99},"corpCount":8},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":34953.54,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":12108.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":4779.89,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005285","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":3448,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005285/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":1195.71,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_C001047","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $60,000","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito received campaign contributions totaling $60,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED SERVICES AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($10,000); ASSINIBOINE & SIOUX RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHEMICAL DISTRIBUTORS ($5,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":60000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED SERVICES AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION EMPLOYEES PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED SERVICES AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL RURAL WATER ASSN PAC","ldaClient":"ASSINIBOINE & SIOUX RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHEMICAL DISTRIBUTORS RESPONSIBLE DI","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHEMICAL DISTRIBUTORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001047","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $135,350 on 2014-03-31 (10.6× normal)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $135,350 on 2014-03-31 — 10.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":135350,"maxRatio":10.6,"maxAmount":135350},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-03-31","amount":135350,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":12746,"count":167,"cmteId":"C00539825","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00539825&min_date=2014-03-31&max_date=2014-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539825/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00539825&min_date=2014-03-31&max_date=2014-03-31"]},{"id":"P63_C001047","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 128 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 128 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): HBAN, AUB, CSCO, NYSE, DIS, DUK, ENB, TRV, TFC, VZ, AMGN, ADI, BAC, KO, CMCSA, … (113 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":128,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["HBAN","AUB","CSCO","NYSE","DIS","DUK","ENB","TRV","TFC","VZ","AMGN","ADI","BAC","KO","CMCSA","CVS","FERG","GILD","LMT","LOW","MRK","MSFT","MDLZ","NVS","QCOM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_C001047_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 4 Healthcare stocks (JNJ, ABT, UNH, MDT) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 4 Healthcare stocks — JNJ, ABT, UNH, MDT — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2015). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ","ABT","UNH","MDT"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb79213c-b7b9-4ffb-8da4-a02ec67ed1cc/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb79213c-b7b9-4ffb-8da4-a02ec67ed1cc/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001047_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Defense stocks (GD, LHX, RTX) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Defense stocks — GD, LHX, RTX — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2015). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["GD","LHX","RTX"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb79213c-b7b9-4ffb-8da4-a02ec67ed1cc/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb79213c-b7b9-4ffb-8da4-a02ec67ed1cc/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001047_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 4 Energy stocks (XOM, CVX, PSX, COP) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 4 Energy stocks — XOM, CVX, PSX, COP — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2015). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","CVX","PSX","COP"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb79213c-b7b9-4ffb-8da4-a02ec67ed1cc/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb79213c-b7b9-4ffb-8da4-a02ec67ed1cc/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001047_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 4 Finance stocks (WFC, BLK, JPM, MS) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 4 Finance stocks — WFC, BLK, JPM, MS — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["WFC","BLK","JPM","MS"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5cfd1200-f10c-4537-bd04-d2599ece64e8/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5cfd1200-f10c-4537-bd04-d2599ece64e8/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_C001047_2018-04-24","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-04-24 — 63 unique tickers","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito executed 63 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-04-24 to 2018-04-24), spanning 63 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-04-24","windowEnd":"2018-04-24","tradeCount":63,"uniqueTickers":63,"totalDisclosedTrades":546,"sampleTickers":["XOM","PG","MMM","TGT","GIS","PX","BDX","WEC","JPM","HRS"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P67_C001047_Energy","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 3 Energy bills AND holds 5 Energy stocks (WMB, XOM, CVX, PSX, COP)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito has sponsored 3 bills affecting the Energy sector AND simultaneously holds 5 publicly-traded Energy stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (WMB, XOM, CVX, PSX, COP). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: HR 1847 (2025-08-14), HR 199 (2025-08-14), HR 1868 (2025-08-14).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Energy","count":3,"sample":[{"key":"111_HR_1847","title":"Clean Coal-Derived Fuels for Energy Security Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1847"},{"key":"112_HR_199","title":"Protect America's Energy and Manufacturing Jobs Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/199"},{"key":"112_HR_1868","title":"Clean Coal-Derived Fuels for Energy Security Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1868"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["WMB","XOM","CVX","PSX","COP"],"totalCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_C001047","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 3 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$2.3M","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 3 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $2,250,000.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Belle Meade Associates NT LP Company: Be (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child); Belle Meade Associates NY, L.P. Company: (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $500,001 - $1,000,000); CVCIGP II Company: CVCIGP II U.S. Employ (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":3,"totalEstMidpoint":2250000.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Belle Meade Associates NT LP Company: Belle Meade Associates (New York, NY) Description: Pooled Investment Fund","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"name":"Belle Meade Associates NY, L.P. Company: Belle Meade Associates NY, L.P. (New York, NY) Description: Pooled Investment Fund","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"},{"name":"CVCIGP II Company: CVCIGP II U.S. Employees LP (New York, NY) Description: Fund of funds","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P74_C001047_2022","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 9 new ticker holdings in 2022 not present in prior PFD filings — including BAC, CVS, FERG, HAS, QSR, RPM","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 9 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: BAC, CVS, FERG, HAS, QSR, RPM, SNA, WMB, PPG.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2022,"count":9,"newTickers":["BAC","CVS","FERG","HAS","QSR","RPM","SNA","WMB","PPG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/29a3440d-6fb6-4695-93b7-ee723459b8d4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/29a3440d-6fb6-4695-93b7-ee723459b8d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001047","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 31 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 254 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito appears in 31 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 254 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 31 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (101); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (22); insider followed trade (22); hearing proximity trade (20).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":31,"totalFindings":254,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":101},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":22},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":22},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":20},{"type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":5},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001047","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_C001047_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 20 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including MBRG, BMY, MRK, WFTXX, SINAX, CME","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 20 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: MBRG, BMY, MRK, WFTXX, SINAX, CME, KRFT, MDLZ, NSRGY, PFE, SSE, VGK.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":20,"divestedTickers":["MBRG","BMY","MRK","WFTXX","SINAX","CME","KRFT","MDLZ","NSRGY","PFE","SSE","VGK"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f650ce06-182d-45dd-8c53-e0eaf25032f4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f650ce06-182d-45dd-8c53-e0eaf25032f4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P80_C001047","pattern_type":"P80_TRIPLE_SECTOR_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triple-overlap conflict in 1 sector: Energy — appears in PFD holdings, donor industries, AND committee jurisdiction","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito has triple-axis conflict-of-interest exposure in 1 sector — Energy. For each of these sectors, the senator simultaneously: (1) holds publicly-traded stock per their Senate annual financial disclosure, (2) receives campaign contributions from PACs/donors in that industry, AND (3) serves on a Senate committee with jurisdiction over the industry's federal regulation. Three-way alignment is the cleanest position-conflict signal — each axis alone could be coincidental, but the combination establishes a settled pattern. The PELOSI Act recusal language would specifically require recusal from votes affecting these sectors. Sectors flagged: Energy.","evidence":[{"source":"triple_overlap","sectors":["Energy"],"allPfdSectors":["Technology","Consumer","Utilities","Telecom","Pharma","Finance","Staples","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Industrials"],"allDonorSectors":["Healthcare","Energy"],"allCommitteeSectors":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Industrials","Energy","Utilities"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P81_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Edgewood Country Club Company: Edgewood Country Club (Charleston, WV) Descriptio…","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Edgewood Country Club Company: Edgewood Country Club (Charle.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Edgewood Country Club Company: Edgewood Country Club (Charleston, WV) Description: Social club","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito discloses 7 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (1 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 5% of 136 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 7 opaque-value entries (1 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 136 total reported assets — 5% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: IRA (--) · IRA 2 (--) · Spouse IRA 1 (--) · Spouse IRA 2 (--) · Spouse IRA 3 CAP Group (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":7,"topBracketCount":1,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":136,"opaqueRatio":0.051,"samples":[{"asset":"IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA 2","value":"--"},{"asset":"Spouse IRA 1","value":"--"},{"asset":"Spouse IRA 2","value":"--"},{"asset":"Spouse IRA 3 CAP Group","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P85_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito discloses 3 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Belle Meade Associates NY, L.P. Company: Belle Meade Associa · CVCIGP II Company: CVCIGP II U.S. Employees LP (New York, NY · Belle Meade Associates NT LP Company: Belle Meade Associates.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":3,"holdings":[{"name":"Belle Meade Associates NY, L.P. Company: Belle Meade Associates NY, L.P. (New York, NY) Description: Pooled In","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"CVCIGP II Company: CVCIGP II U.S. Employees LP (New York, NY) Description: Fund of funds","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Belle Meade Associates NT LP Company: Belle Meade Associates (New York, NY) Description: Pooled Investment Fun","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 PFD: 80 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (58% of 137 reported assets)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 80 reported holdings owned by Spouse (79), Joint (1), or Dependent (0) — 58% of 137 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: HBAN - Huntington Bancshares Incorporated (NASDAQ) · Spouse: CSCO-Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ) · Spouse: C-Citigroup Inc. (NYSE) · Spouse: KO - The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":79,"Joint":1,"Dependent":0,"Self":56},"totalAssets":137,"familyShare":0.584,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"HBAN - Huntington Bancshares Incorporated (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CSCO-Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"C-Citigroup Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"KO - The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Belle Meade Associates NT LP Company: Belle Meade Associates (New York, NY) Description: Pooled Inve","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_C001047","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito's campaign paid $472,932 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: CAPITO FOR WEST VIRGINIA ($472,932)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $472,932 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CAPITO FOR WEST VIRGINIA ($472,932 across 4 payments, services: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS). Cycles covered: 2014, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":472931.61000000004,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CAPITO FOR WEST VIRGINIA","total":472931.61000000004,"count":4,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS"]}],"surname":"capito"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4WV00159&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_C001047","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito filed 3 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 156 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Shelley Moore Capito has filed 3 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 156 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2021 (156d late, filed 10/18/2021) · 2016 (127d late, filed 09/19/2016) · 2020 (83d late, filed 08/06/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":3,"maxDaysLate":156,"samples":[{"year":2021,"filingDate":"10/18/2021","daysLate":156,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0880c67f-d627-47b9-b5fa-a3af8107a2f3/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2016,"filingDate":"09/19/2016","daysLate":127,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c4f6f9b2-bfcb-4ac0-aea6-41d7380294ee/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/06/2020","daysLate":83,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ece5c886-24e1-4bda-a656-ee58c81982c5/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0880c67f-d627-47b9-b5fa-a3af8107a2f3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c4f6f9b2-bfcb-4ac0-aea6-41d7380294ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ece5c886-24e1-4bda-a656-ee58c81982c5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito owes 3 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Charleston,","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Other (Margin loan) ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 11.25% (margin) from Wells Fargo Charleston, · Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.625% (30 years) from Wells Fargo Des · Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 7.125% (30 years) from Wells Fargo Des.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":3,"loans":[{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Other (Margin loan)","rate":"11.25% (margin)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Charleston, WV","incurred":"2011"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.625% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Des Moines, IA","incurred":"2016"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"7.125% (30 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Des Moines, IA","incurred":"2016"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P100_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito's spouse earned income from 2 finance-industry payers on 2025 PFD — top: Citigroup New York, NY","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 2 payments to the senator's spouse from a major financial-services firm (investment bank, hedge fund, private equity, asset manager, or commercial bank). Spouse compensation from a regulated finance firm establishes ongoing household income dependence on the firm's profitability — every committee vote affecting capital requirements, broker-dealer rules, private-fund regulations, or merger-and-acquisition policy moves the senator's family balance sheet. Payers: Citigroup New York, NY (Pension) · Wells Fargo IRAs Denver, CO (Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_finance","year":"2025","count":2,"onFinanceCommittee":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Pension","payer":"Citigroup New York, NY","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Retirement","payer":"Wells Fargo IRAs Denver, CO","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.sec.gov/edgar"]},{"id":"P106_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 51 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — LMT ($21.0M), AAPL ($20.9M), MRK ($19.8M)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 51 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $383.6M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: LMT ($21.0M, 47 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · MRK ($19.8M, 49 filings) · AMGN ($18.2M, 60 filings) · UNH ($17.0M, 31 filings) · GD ($16.5M, 72 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":51,"totalLobbyAcrossM":383.64,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LMT","totalLobby":20988244,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"MRK","totalLobby":19810000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO. INC."},{"ticker":"AMGN","totalLobby":18160000,"recordCount":60,"topClient":"AMGEN INC."},{"ticker":"UNH","totalLobby":16960000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC."},{"ticker":"GD","totalLobby":16499357,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GENERAL DYNAMICS"},{"ticker":"VZ","totalLobby":15650000,"recordCount":73,"topClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 7 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), QCOM (9,962), INTC (9,381)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 7 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 49,164 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · QCOM (9,962 patents) · INTC (9,381 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · GE (4,401 patents) · NKE (4,058 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":7,"totalPatents":49164,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"QCOM","patentCount":9962,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"INTC","patentCount":9381,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"GE","patentCount":4401,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"NKE","patentCount":4058,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BAC","patentCount":2063,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 7 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $450M) — top: MRK ($361.3M), GD ($36.1M), IBM ($21.8M)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 7 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $450M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: MRK ($361.3M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · GD ($36.1M, 9 contracts, Department of Labor) · IBM ($21.8M, 7 contracts, Federal Communications Commission) · ACN ($15.8M, 8 contracts, Department of Commerce) · ABT ($8.2M, 12 contracts, Department of Veterans Affairs) · LHX ($3.4M, 9 contracts, Department of Homeland Security).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":7,"totalContractValueM":450.01,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","total":361340129.54,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"GD","total":36050542.61,"count":9,"agencies":["Department of Labor","Department of Transportation","Department of Commerce"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"IBM","total":21811577.12,"count":7,"agencies":["Federal Communications Commission","Department of Justice","Department of the Treasury"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"ACN","total":15822726.309999999,"count":8,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy","Department of Homeland Security"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"ABT","total":8209969.99,"count":12,"agencies":["Department of Veterans Affairs"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"LHX","total":3448894.2399999998,"count":9,"agencies":["Department of Homeland Security","Department of Transportation","Department of the Interior"],"latestDate":"2026-04-05"},{"ticker":"GE","total":3321853.0300000003,"count":4,"agencies":["Department of Justice","Department of Homeland Security","Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-03-27"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P110_C001047","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito's PFD net worth grew 2.5× in 10 years — 2015 $1.46M → 2025 $3.68M (CAGR 9.7%)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $1.46M in 2015 to $3.68M in 2025 — a 2.5× increase over 10 years (compound annual growth rate: 9.7%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 10-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2015","earliestNetWorthM":1.46,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":3.68,"growthFactor":2.51,"yearsCovered":10,"cagrPct":9.66,"filingCount":15,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb79213c-b7b9-4ffb-8da4-a02ec67ed1cc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb79213c-b7b9-4ffb-8da4-a02ec67ed1cc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P111_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P111_SPONSORED_SECTOR_BILL_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito sponsored sector-aligned bills × holds matching PFD tickers in 2 sectors — top: energy (4 bills, WMB, XOM, CVX)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito has sponsored ≥3 bills in 2 non-generic sectors AND simultaneously holds ≥3 stock tickers per their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure that map to the same sectors. The sector-aligned-sponsorship + sector-aligned-portfolio combination is a clean conflict signal — every bill the senator pushes that affects these sectors moves their personal balance sheet through stock-price effects. Bill classification uses the Officium AI taxonomy (tax / finance / healthcare / pharma / defense / energy / transportation / tech / crypto / housing / agriculture); ticker-to-sector mapping uses the ~150-company classification we use across the platform. Aligned sectors: energy (sponsored 4 bills · holds WMB, XOM, CVX, PSX) · defense (sponsored 3 bills · holds LMT, GD, LHX).","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_sector_holding","year":"2025","alignedCount":2,"aligned":[{"kind":"energy","sponsoredCount":4,"sector":"Energy","tickers":["WMB","XOM","CVX","PSX"]},{"kind":"defense","sponsoredCount":3,"sector":"Defense","tickers":["LMT","GD","LHX"]}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/member/shelley-moore-capito/C001047"]},{"id":"P113_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P113_PFD_HEALTH_INSURER_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 1 major US health-insurer ticker on 2025 PFD — UNH","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US health insurers (UnitedHealth UNH, Elevance/Anthem ELV, Cigna CI, Humana HUM, Centene CNC, Molina MOH). Health-insurer stock prices are directly affected by these policies — every committee vote on Medicare physician fee schedules, Medicare Advantage star ratings, prior-authorization requirements, or ACA risk-adjustment formulas moves the held stocks. This is the cleanest single-sector conflict signal next to defense contractors. Holdings: UNH ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_health_insurer","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"UNH","asset":"UNH - UnitedHealth Group Incorporated","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onHealthCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.cms.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P114_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Judiciary/Commerce — MSFT, AAPL","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Judiciary, Commerce, or related committee — committees with primary oversight of antitrust policy and tech regulation. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: MSFT ($1,001 - $15,000) · AAPL ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 3 defense-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD — LMT, GD, LHX","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: LMT ($1,001 - $15,000) · GD ($1,001 - $15,000) · LHX ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LMT","asset":"LMT - Lockheed Martin Corporation","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GD","asset":"GD - General Dynamics Corporation","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LHX","asset":"LHX - L3Harris Technologies, Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 4 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Foreign Relations/Banking — ADI, QCOM, INTC, AVGO","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. The senator sits on Commerce, Foreign Relations, Banking, Appropriations, or Intelligence — committees with direct jurisdiction over these policies. Holdings: ADI ($1,001 - $15,000) · QCOM ($1,001 - $15,000) · INTC ($1,001 - $15,000) · AVGO ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ADI","asset":"ADI - Analog Devices","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"QCOM","asset":"QCOM - QUALCOMM Incorporated - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","asset":"INTC - Intel Corporation (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AVGO","asset":"AVGO - Broadcom Ltd","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onChipCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P117_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 1 agribusiness ticker on 2025 PFD — GIS","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 agribusiness stock holding — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: GIS ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GIS","asset":"GIS - General Mills, Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 3 insurance tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Banking/Finance — TRV, AFL, CB","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Banking, Finance, Indian Affairs, or Appropriations — committees with jurisdiction over federal flood insurance reauthorization, terrorism risk insurance backstop (TRIA), federal cyber-insurance pool proposals, McCarran-Ferguson Act state-vs-federal regulation debates, and ACA insurance-market policy. Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: TRV ($50,001 - $100,000) · AFL ($15,001 - $50,000) · CB ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TRV","asset":"TRV - The Travelers Companies, Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AFL","asset":"AFL - AFLAC Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CB","asset":"CB - The Chubb Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onInsCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 2 telecom/cable tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Judiciary — VZ, CMCSA","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Commerce, Communications subcommittee, or Judiciary Antitrust — committees with primary FCC oversight and telecom-merger review authority. The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: VZ ($1,001 - $15,000) · CMCSA ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VZ","asset":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CMCSA","asset":"CMCSA - Comcast Corporation - Class A Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 5 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — HBAN, TFC, BAC, WFC, JPM","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: HBAN ($1,001 - $15,000) · TFC ($15,001 - $50,000) · BAC ($1,001 - $15,000) · WFC ($1,001 - $15,000) · JPM ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"HBAN","asset":"HBAN - Huntington Bancshares Incorporated (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TFC","asset":"TFC - Truist Financial Corporation","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BAC","asset":"BAC - Bank of America Corporation Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WFC","asset":"WFC - Wells Fargo & Company","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JPMorgan Chase & Co.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 5 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Energy/Environment — ENB, WMB, XOM, CVX, PSX","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Energy & Natural Resources, Environment & Public Works, Interior, or Finance — committees with primary jurisdiction over federal oil-and-gas leases (BLM Form 3160), pipeline permitting (FERC), strategic petroleum reserve releases, methane-emission standards, and Inflation Reduction Act clean-energy tax-credit policies. Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: ENB (None (or less than $1,001)) · WMB ($1,001 - $15,000) · XOM ($1,001 - $15,000) · CVX ($15,001 - $50,000) · PSX ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ENB","asset":"ENB - Enbridge Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"WMB","asset":"WMB - Williams Companies, Inc. (The) Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","asset":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CVX","asset":"CVX - Chevron Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"PSX","asset":"PSX - Phillips 66 (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 6 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on HELP/Finance/Aging — AMGN, GILD, MRK, RHHBY, JNJ","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 6 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate HELP, Finance, Aging, or Judiciary committees — bodies with primary jurisdiction over Medicare drug-pricing negotiation (Inflation Reduction Act), FDA approval pathways, biosimilar exclusivity, the 340B drug-pricing program, Medicare Part D reform, and PBM (pharmacy benefit manager) reform. Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: AMGN ($1,001 - $15,000) · GILD ($1,001 - $15,000) · MRK ($1,001 - $15,000) · RHHBY ($1,001 - $15,000) · JNJ ($1,001 - $15,000) · ZTS ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMGN","asset":"AMGN - Amgen Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GILD","asset":"GILD - Gilead Sciences, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MRK","asset":"MRK - Merck & Co., Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RHHBY","asset":"RHHBY - Roche Holding AG","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ZTS","asset":"ZTS - Zoetis Inc Cl A","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P125_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 1 clean-energy / renewables ticker on 2025 PFD — senator on Energy/Environment — NEE","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in clean-energy or renewables companies — solar (First Solar FSLR, Enphase ENPH, SolarEdge SEDG, Sunrun RUN), wind / utility-scale (NextEra NEE, Brookfield Renewables BEP, AES), grid storage (Quanta Services PWR, EnerSys ENS), nuclear (Cameco CCJ, Centrus Energy LEU, BWX Technologies), or EV charging (ChargePoint CHPT, EVgo EVGO, Blink BLNK). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Energy & Natural Resources, Environment & Public Works, Finance, or Appropriations — committees with direct jurisdiction over Inflation Reduction Act clean-energy tax credits ($369B over 10 years), DOE loan programs, Renewable Fuel Standard, and federal-lands renewable-leasing. Senators voting on the IRA's continuation, expansion, or repeal hold portfolios that move with their votes — every committee mark-up affecting renewable-energy tax credits or DOE loan guarantees moves these stocks. Holdings: NEE ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_clean_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NEE","asset":"NEE - NextEra Energy, Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.energy.gov/policy/inflation-reduction-act"]},{"id":"P126_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 1 publicly-traded REIT ticker on 2025 PFD — AMT","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holding — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: AMT ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMT","asset":"AMT - American Tower Corporation (REIT)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 3 asset-manager / PE-firm tickers on 2025 PFD — ADP, PAYX, BLK","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: ADP ($15,001 - $50,000) · PAYX ($15,001 - $50,000) · BLK ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ADP","asset":"ADP - Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"PAYX","asset":"PAYX - Paychex, Inc. (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BLK","asset":"BLK - BlackRock, Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 PFD lists 79 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 79 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): HBAN, AUB, CSCO, NYSE, DIS, DUK, ENB, TRV, TFC, VZ.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":79,"sampleTickers":["HBAN","AUB","CSCO","NYSE","DIS","DUK","ENB","TRV","TFC","VZ","AMGN","ADI","BAC","KO","CMCSA","CVS","FERG","GILD","LMT","LOW","MRK","MSFT","MDLZ","NVS","QCOM","QSR","RHHBY","RPM","SNA","WMB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_C001047","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.0M PAC / $41.4M total)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.0M of $41.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.98,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.41,"pacSharePct":36.2,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"S4WV00159"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4WV00159/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_C001047","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito filed 53 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 32 distinct tickers, 12 buys, 41 sells","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito filed 53 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 12 were buy transactions and 41 were sells, spanning 32 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":53,"distinctTickers":32,"buys":12,"sells":41,"sampleTickers":["FDS","MA","PNC","AXP","ITW","PAYX","BLK","ADI","AVGO","SBUX","MSFT","AAPL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_C001047","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY AAPL (8d apart)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY AAPL 2021-08-17 → 2021-08-25 (8d) · BUY→SELL NKE 2024-08-28 → 2024-09-20 (23d) · SELL→BUY INTC 2018-01-04 → 2018-01-26 (22d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"AAPL","days":8,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-08-17","date2":"2021-08-25","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NKE","days":23,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-08-28","date2":"2024-09-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","days":22,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-01-04","date2":"2018-01-26","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_C001047","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito triggers 39 HIGH-severity findings across 64 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito accumulates 39 HIGH-severity findings across 64 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":39,"distinctDetectorTypes":64}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_C001047","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito triggers 65 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito accumulates findings across 65 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 65 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":65,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P6","P9","P10","P11","P15","P17","P18","P19","P22","P23","P36","P40","P38","P42","P43","P46","P48","P53","P54","P58","P61","P62","P63","P64","P65","P67","P68","P74"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P159_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito holds 2 non-US-domiciled stocks on 2025 PFD across 2 countries — ENB (Canada), NVS (Switzerland)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 2 countries (Canada, Switzerland). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: ENB (Canada, None (or less than $1,001)) · NVS (Switzerland, $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":2,"countries":["Canada","Switzerland"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"ENB","country":"Canada","asset":"ENB - Enbridge Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"NVS","country":"Switzerland","asset":"NVS - Novartis AG","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P170_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Wells Fargo IRAs Denver, (Retirement)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Retirement from Wells Fargo IRAs Denver, (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Retirement","payer":"Wells Fargo IRAs Denver, CO","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1fc99b72-3465-4ff7-808c-80b7283cd6d2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1fc99b72-3465-4ff7-808c-80b7283cd6d2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_WV_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WV delegation: Shelley Moore Capito & Jim Justice both flagged on 16 shared detector types (2 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from WV — Shelley Moore Capito and Jim Justice — are flagged on the same 16 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 2 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P11, P15, P19, P36, P53, P62, P68.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"WV","juniorSenatorBid":"J000312","juniorSenatorName":"Jim Justice","sharedDetectorCount":16,"sharedHighCount":2,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P11","P15","P19","P36","P53","P62","P68","P81","P83","P85","P88","P90","P106","P107","P117"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001047","https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000312"]},{"id":"P178_C001047_2018-04-24","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito — 63 trades on 2018-04-24","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito disclosed 63 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-04-24). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-04-24","count":63}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001047","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (546/546)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":546,"atBracket":546,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001047","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito — 185 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito has traded 185 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":185,"sample":["FDS","MA","PNC","AXP","ITW","PAYX","BLK","ADI","AVGO","SBUX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001047_MSFT","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito — 35 disclosed trades in single ticker MSFT","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito traded MSFT on 35 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the MSFT trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"MSFT","count":35}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_C001047_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Moore Capito — 101 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito's 2025 Senate PFD shows 101 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":101,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56ff880c-f3ce-468c-99cd-a65364d4a0ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_C001047_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+76 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Shelley Moore Capito accumulated 101 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 76 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 38 MEDIUM · 38 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":76,"totalRaw":101,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":38,"LOW":38}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001047"]}],"K000389":[{"id":"P1_K000389_sbil5t","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL V 0d BEFORE S 2101 — \"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 0 days of S 2101 \"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2026-03-30","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2101","title":"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-30","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202101"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_aa8lph","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY CSCO 0d BEFORE S 2101 — \"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded CSCO (Technology) within 0 days of S 2101 \"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2026-03-30","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2101","title":"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-30","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202101"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_53xu65","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE S 2101 — \"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of S 2101 \"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-30","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2101","title":"Delivering Digitally to Our Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-30","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202101"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_374sl8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL BAC 0d BEFORE HR 1469 — \"Senior Security Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded BAC (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1469 \"Senior Security Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2026-03-30","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1469","title":"Senior Security Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-30","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201469"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_20l546","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY BMO 0d BEFORE S 3921 — \"Sanctuary Jurisdiction Event Security Enhancement…\"","explanation":"Member traded BMO (Finance) within 0 days of S 3921 \"Sanctuary Jurisdiction Event Security Enhancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMO","date":"2026-03-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3921","title":"Sanctuary Jurisdiction Event Security Enhancement Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-16","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203921"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_6meuyu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MS 0d BEFORE HR 1968 — \"Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions…\"","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1968 \"Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2026-03-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1968","title":"Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201968"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_rgaduo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL CSCO 0d BEFORE HR 1698 — \"Law Enforcement Protection and Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded CSCO (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1698 \"Law Enforcement Protection and Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2026-03-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1698","title":"Law Enforcement Protection and Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201698"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_rqfi3g","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY RY 0d BEFORE S. 3971 — \"Small Business Innovation and Economic Security Ac…\" · sponsor R-IA","explanation":"Member traded RY (Finance) within 0 days of S. 3971 \"Small Business Innovation and Economic Security Act\", sponsored by Sen. Ernst, Joni [R-IA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2026-03-03","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S. 3971","title":"Small Business Innovation and Economic Security Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-03","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. Ernst, Joni [R-IA]","sponsorBioguide":"E000295","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"IA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S.%203971"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_63f5zq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY RY 0d BEFORE HR 975 — \"Credit Union Board Modernization Act\"","explanation":"Member traded RY (Finance) within 0 days of HR 975 \"Credit Union Board Modernization Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2026-02-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 975","title":"Credit Union Board Modernization Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-24","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20975"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_5c5jy1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE HR 6556 — \"Failing Bank Acquisition Fairness Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 6556 \"Failing Bank Acquisition Fairness Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6556","title":"Failing Bank Acquisition Fairness Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206556"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_uzbqyc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 5764 — \"AI for Main Street Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5764 \"AI for Main Street Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5764","title":"AI for Main Street Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205764"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_v231n5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AMZN 0d BEFORE HR 5764 — \"AI for Main Street Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5764 \"AI for Main Street Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5764","title":"AI for Main Street Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205764"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_9xiir","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 5764 — \"AI for Main Street Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5764 \"AI for Main Street Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5764","title":"AI for Main Street Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205764"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_afc1v0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL V 0d BEFORE S 3301 — \"Chip EQUIP Act\"","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 0 days of S 3301 \"Chip EQUIP Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2026-01-29","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3301","title":"Chip EQUIP Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-29","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203301"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_q1mmlo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MS 0d BEFORE HR 4853 — \"Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization…\" · sponsor D-MN","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 4853 \"Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010\", sponsored by Rep. Oberstar, James L. [D-MN-8].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4853","title":"Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2026-01-16","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Oberstar, James L. [D-MN-8]","sponsorBioguide":"O000006","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MN","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204853"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_q1mmlo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MS 0d BEFORE HR 4853 — \"Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization…\" · sponsor D-MN","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 4853 \"Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010\", sponsored by Rep. Oberstar, James L. [D-MN-8].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4853","title":"Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2026-01-16","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Oberstar, James L. [D-MN-8]","sponsorBioguide":"O000006","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MN","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204853"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_sxxwyq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL V 0d BEFORE HR 2575 — \"AI in Government Act of 2020\"","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 0 days of HR 2575 \"AI in Government Act of 2020\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2026-01-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2575","title":"AI in Government Act of 2020","introducedDate":"2026-01-13","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202575"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_9vkpey","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MS 1d BEFORE HR 2173 — \"Tools Tax Deduction Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 1 days of HR 2173 \"Tools Tax Deduction Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2025-09-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2173","title":"Tools Tax Deduction Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-01","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202173"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_9vkpey","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MS 1d BEFORE HR 2173 — \"Tools Tax Deduction Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 1 days of HR 2173 \"Tools Tax Deduction Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2025-09-30","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2173","title":"Tools Tax Deduction Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-01","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202173"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_zg9q8h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE HR 4165 — \"To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 4165 \"To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the inclusion of a biologi\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-07-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4165","title":"To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the inclusion of a biological attribution strategy, and an early w","introducedDate":"2025-07-24","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204165"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_zg9q8h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE HR 4165 — \"To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 4165 \"To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the inclusion of a biologi\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-07-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4165","title":"To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide for the inclusion of a biological attribution strategy, and an early w","introducedDate":"2025-07-24","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204165"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_9vl25r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE HR 3322 — \"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 3322 \"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-07-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3322","title":"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act","introducedDate":"2025-07-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203322"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_9vl25r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE HR 3322 — \"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 3322 \"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-07-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3322","title":"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act","introducedDate":"2025-07-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203322"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_9vl25r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE HR 3322 — \"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 3322 \"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-07-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3322","title":"Solid American Hardwood Tax Credit Act","introducedDate":"2025-07-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203322"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_v9g9m7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE HR 1279 — \"To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to e…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1279 \"To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to establish a community engagemen\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-07-07","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1279","title":"To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to establish a community engagement requirement for certain individuals un","introducedDate":"2025-07-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201279"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_ce5vqy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE S 360 — \"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of S 360 \"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions of nonsecurity discretionary \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-06-26","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 360","title":"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions of nonsecurity discretionary spending.","introducedDate":"2025-06-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20360"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_22s7ln","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NDAQ 0d BEFORE S 360 — \"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions…\"","explanation":"Member traded NDAQ (Finance) within 0 days of S 360 \"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions of nonsecurity discretionary \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2025-06-26","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 360","title":"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions of nonsecurity discretionary spending.","introducedDate":"2025-06-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20360"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_z353jx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL BAC 0d BEFORE S 360 — \"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions…\"","explanation":"Member traded BAC (Finance) within 0 days of S 360 \"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions of nonsecurity discretionary \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2025-06-26","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 360","title":"A bill to provide for across-the-board rescissions of nonsecurity discretionary spending.","introducedDate":"2025-06-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20360"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_eqt3bu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL HOLX 0d BEFORE HRES 495 — \"Supporting the designation of the week of June 9 t…\"","explanation":"Member traded HOLX (Healthcare) within 0 days of HRES 495 \"Supporting the designation of the week of June 9 through June 15, 2025, as \"Nati\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOLX","date":"2025-06-26","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 495","title":"Supporting the designation of the week of June 9 through June 15, 2025, as \"National Men's Health Week\".","introducedDate":"2025-06-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20495"]},{"id":"P3_K000389_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 508 BUYS vs 356 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":508,"sells":356,"netBuy":152,"total":864}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_K000389_sp10zz","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,300,000 lobbying spike near JPM trade","explanation":"JPM was lobbied $1,300,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $96,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"JPM","recentTotal":1300000,"baselineAvg":96667,"recordCount":5,"topClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_K000389_4gpt0q","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,730,000 lobbying spike near NVDA trade","explanation":"NVDA was lobbied $3,730,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $730,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"NVDA","recentTotal":3730000,"baselineAvg":730000,"recordCount":6,"topClients":["NVIDIA","NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_K000389_ujrlol","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,285,000 lobbying spike near AMZN trade","explanation":"AMZN was lobbied $5,285,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $1,681,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"AMZN","recentTotal":5285000,"baselineAvg":1681667,"recordCount":13,"topClients":["AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON.COM SERVICES INC.","AMAZON.COM"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_K000389_z929eh","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,132,500 lobbying spike near MSFT trade","explanation":"MSFT was lobbied $3,132,500 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $904,167/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"MSFT","recentTotal":3132500,"baselineAvg":904167,"recordCount":15,"topClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_K000389_fvnfpo","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$620,000 lobbying spike near BRK.B trade","explanation":"BRK.B was lobbied $620,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $26,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRK.B","date":"2025-07-25","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"BRK.B","recentTotal":620000,"baselineAvg":26667,"recordCount":5,"topClients":["BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_K000389_e0pxqb","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,550,000 lobbying spike near JPM trade","explanation":"JPM was lobbied $1,550,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $433,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-07-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"JPM","recentTotal":1550000,"baselineAvg":433333,"recordCount":9,"topClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_K000389_kqq9gm","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$230,000 lobbying spike near RY trade","explanation":"RY was lobbied $230,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2025-04-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"RY","recentTotal":230000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":1,"topClients":["RBC CAPITAL MARKETS LLC (FORMERLY REGISTERED AS ROYAL BANK OF CANADA)"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_K000389_kkp976","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,035,000 lobbying spike near MSFT trade","explanation":"MSFT was lobbied $3,035,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-04-23","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"MSFT","recentTotal":3035000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":16,"topClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_K000389_uumpkq","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$278,401 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CALIFORNIANS FOR INNOVATION","explanation":"CALIFORNIANS FOR INNOVATION spent $278,401 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00566679","name":"CALIFORNIANS FOR INNOVATION","support":278400.97,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00566679/"]},{"id":"P17_K000389_TSCO_2025-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TSCO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-02 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on TSCO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","date":"2025-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TSCO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000459","name":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-02 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_ENTG_2019-07-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-07-12 and 2019-07-12, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2019-07-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-07-12 to 2019-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_ENTG_2020-01-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-10 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-10 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_ENTG_2020-01-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-13 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-13 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_ENTG_2020-01-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-14 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-14 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_BRO_2025-10-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-29 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-10-29 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_BRO_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-30 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-10-30 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_GIS_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-17, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on GIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"L000554","name":"Frank A. LoBiondo"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_LIN_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-11-05, 5 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_LIN_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 4 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_LIN_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 3 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_ABT_2023-09-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-26 and 2023-10-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-26 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_ABT_2024-07-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-07-02 and 2024-07-05, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2024-07-02 to 2024-07-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_TXN_2021-07-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-07-21 and 2021-07-28, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2021-07-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001205","name":"Carol Miller"}],"span":"2021-07-21 to 2021-07-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_TXN_2025-03-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-06 and 2025-03-13, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-03-06 to 2025-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_TXN_2025-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-31 and 2025-04-07, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2025-03-31 to 2025-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_TXN_2025-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-31 and 2025-04-07, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2025-03-31 to 2025-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_TXN_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_DHR_2025-09-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-03 and 2025-09-09, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2025-09-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000398","name":"Thomas Kean"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2025-09-03 to 2025-09-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_BDX_2019-04-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-18 and 2019-04-23, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2019-04-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"}],"span":"2019-04-18 to 2019-04-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 5 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_HON_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-08, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_HON_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_TMO_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 7 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":7,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 5 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000389_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000389_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1914 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna executed 1914 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RJF","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMP","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General License 5T","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-03-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General License 5T","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-03-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000389_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2670 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna executed 2670 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEYS","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the Central Regulatory Are","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-03-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the Central Regulatory Are","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000389_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"257 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna executed 257 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEG","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XEL","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer Electronic Filing","agency":"Justice Department, Executive Office for Immigration Review","date":"2026-03-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Glufosinate; Pesticide Tolerances","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-02-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000389_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"646 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna executed 646 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INCY","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revising the National Drug Code Format and Drug Label Barcode Requirements","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2026-03-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revising the National Drug Code Format and Drug Label Barcode Requirements","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2026-03-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000389_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"46 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna executed 46 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BWXT","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2022-01-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-11-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Aerospace & Defense Oxygen Systems SaS (Part of Safran Aerosystems) (Formerly Known as Air Liq","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Water Resources Policies and Authorities: Navigation Policy: Cost Apportionment of Bridge Alterations","agency":"Defense Department, Engineers Corps","date":"2023-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000389_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"263 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna executed 263 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2026-02-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ODFL","date":"2026-02-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2026-02-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Nomenclature Corrections Due to Office Reorganization, Removal of Obsolete References, and Payment Processing Changes","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-02-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Nomenclature Corrections Due to Office Reorganization, Removal of Obsolete References, and Payment Processing Changes","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-02-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000389_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Agriculture trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna executed 6 Agriculture-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADM","date":"2022-04-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADM","date":"2022-04-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","date":"2022-04-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","date":"2022-04-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000389_yzanpy","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ro Khanna campaign paid $76,104 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: KHANNA, HARGUN S","explanation":"Ro Khanna's campaign paid 10 disbursements totaling $76,104 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KHANNA, HARGUN S","total":42000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KHANNA, HARGUN S","amount":12000,"date":"2019-11-21","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES-TECHNOLOGY","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KHANNA, HARGUN S","amount":12000,"date":"2019-10-21","description":"TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KHANNA, HARGUN S","amount":9000,"date":"2019-12-12","description":"TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KHANNA, ROHIT","total":16671.309999999998,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KHANNA, ROHIT","amount":9515.07,"date":"2004-01-26","description":"IN-KIND - CAMPAIGN BROCHURES","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KHANNA, ROHIT","amount":7156.24,"date":"2004-02-07","description":"IN-KIND - CAMPAIGN SUPPLIES","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KHANNA, HARRY","total":10374.16,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KHANNA, HARRY","amount":6874.16,"date":"2025-06-24","description":"REIMBURSEMENT - SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KHANNA, HARRY","amount":3500,"date":"2025-10-21","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KHANNA, NIDHI","total":3558.5,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KHANNA, NIDHI","amount":3558.5,"date":"2021-10-26","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KHANNA, AMARPAL","total":3500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KHANNA, AMARPAL","amount":3500,"date":"2026-01-12","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"khanna","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KHANNA"]},{"id":"P20_K000389_1ewu2","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Ro Khanna sits on committees overseeing Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRSH","date":"2026-03-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":4906528.75,"agencies":["Department of Defense"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_K000389_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"86 Finance trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALLY","date":"2026-02-12","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2026-02-11","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_K000389_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"123 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2026-02-06","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":17,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-02-06","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":17,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2026-02-06","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":17,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2026-02-06","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":17,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_K000389_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Energy trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNP","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DTE","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2026-01-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_K000389_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Healthcare trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Healthcare bills","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna cast Healthcare-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2026-01-06","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Healthcare"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_K000389_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Agriculture trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Agriculture bills","explanation":"Member Ro Khanna cast Agriculture-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","date":"2026-01-06","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2026-01-06","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2026-01-06","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Agriculture"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_K000389_m6bfl2","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"154 trades in BAC (Finance) — 1% of this member's 25542 total trades","explanation":"Ro Khanna has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"BAC","count":154,"buys":90,"sells":64,"sector":"Finance","firstDate":"2017-02-27","lastDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"DIS","count":153,"buys":83,"sells":70,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2017-05-02","lastDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"PFE","count":151,"buys":90,"sells":61,"sector":"Pharma","firstDate":"2017-01-24","lastDate":"2026-01-22"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AMZN","count":139,"buys":82,"sells":57,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2017-06-12","lastDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"GOOGL","count":130,"buys":75,"sells":55,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2017-03-13","lastDate":"2026-03-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P24_K000389_y24wxv","pattern_type":"P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded BAC (Finance) the same day as voting on Finance legislation — and 5 more same-day pairings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed sector-matching trades on the same calendar day they cast sector-related votes. This is the tightest possible timing correlation in our data — ask whether the trade was placed before or after the vote was cast.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2026-01-22","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","sector":"Finance","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2026-01-22","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Finance","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2026-01-22","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Finance","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","date":"2026-01-22","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","sector":"Finance","daysDiff":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000389","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing; 5 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 4 more)","explanation":"Ro Khanna has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 5 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":999,"highSeverityCount":87,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":5},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+675 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 700 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 675 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 36 HIGH · 639 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":675,"totalRaw":700,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":36,"MEDIUM":639,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P17_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+248 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 273 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 248 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 248 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":248,"totalRaw":273,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":248,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+4 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 29 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 4 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 4 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":4,"totalRaw":29,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":4,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P17_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+2 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 27 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 2 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 2 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":2,"totalRaw":27,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":2,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+4 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 29 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 4 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 4 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":4,"totalRaw":29,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":4,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P17_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+2 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 27 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 2 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 2 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":2,"totalRaw":27,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":2,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_BIIB_20250429","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in BIIB 6 days before SEC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded BIIB within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2025-04-29","title":"Biogenic, Inc., et al.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26294"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-23","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26294"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_LIN_20220930","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in LIN 22 days before SEC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded LIN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2022-09-30","title":"Scott Lindell","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25542"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25542"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_LIN_20190201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in LIN 14 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold LIN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2019-02-01","title":"FTC Issues Modified Final Order Imposing Conditions on Merger of International Industrial Gas Suppliers Praxair, Inc. and Linde AG","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/02/ftc-issues-modified-final-order-imposing-conditions-merger-international-industrial-gas-suppliers"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-18","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/02/ftc-issues-modified-final-order-imposing-conditions-merger-international-industrial-gas-suppliers"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_INTC_20190215","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in INTC 28 days before SEC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2019-02-15","title":"Inteligentry, Ltd., PlasmERG, Inc., PTP Licensing, Ltd. and John P. Rohner","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24401"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-18","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24401"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_INTC_20250401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in INTC 26 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-04-01","title":"FTC Order Requires Workado to Back Up Artificial Intelligence Detection Claims","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-06","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_INTC_20241201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in INTC 16 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2024-12-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against IntelliVision Technologies for Deceptive Claims About its Facial Recognition Software","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-takes-action-against-intellivision-technologies-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-takes-action-against-intellivision-technologies-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_KN_20180822","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in KN 28 days before SEC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold KN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2018-08-22","title":"Barry M. Kornfeld, et al., Lynette M. Robbins and Knowles Systems, Inc.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24243"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-25","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-25","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24243"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_SO_20171101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in SO 8 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded SO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2017-11-01","title":"Southern California Auto Dealership Group to Pay $1.4 Million for Violating FTC Order Requiring Clear Financing and Leasing Disclosures in Its Advertisements","penalty":1400000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2017/11/southern-california-auto-dealership-group-pay-14-million-violating-ftc-order-requiring-clear"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-24","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2017/11/southern-california-auto-dealership-group-pay-14-million-violating-ftc-order-requiring-clear"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_CVX_20250701","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in CVX 11 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded CVX within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-07-01","title":"FTC Reopens and Sets Aside Chevron-Hess Final Order","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/07/ftc-reopens-sets-aside-chevron-hess-final-order"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-20","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/07/ftc-reopens-sets-aside-chevron-hess-final-order"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_ADBE_20240601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in ADBE 4 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold ADBE within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2024-06-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against Adobe and Executives for Hiding Fees, Preventing Consumers from Easily Cancelling Software Subscriptions","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/06/ftc-takes-action-against-adobe-executives-hiding-fees-preventing-consumers-easily-cancelling"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-28","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/06/ftc-takes-action-against-adobe-executives-hiding-fees-preventing-consumers-easily-cancelling"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_WMT_20260201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in WMT 9 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2026-02-01","title":"Walmart Agrees to $100 Million Judgment to Settle FTC, States’ Charges Over Deceptive Earnings Claims Related to the Company’s Spark Driver Delivery Service","penalty":100000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/walmart-agrees-100-million-judgment-settle-ftc-states-charges-over-deceptive-earnings-claims-related"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/walmart-agrees-100-million-judgment-settle-ftc-states-charges-over-deceptive-earnings-claims-related"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_WMT_20250601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in WMT 13 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-06-01","title":"Walmart to Pay $10 Million to Settle FTC Allegations it Allowed Scammers to Obtain Millions from Consumers Using Company’s Wire Transfer Services","penalty":10000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/06/walmart-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-allegations-it-allowed-scammers-obtain-millions-consumers-using"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-19","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/06/walmart-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-allegations-it-allowed-scammers-obtain-millions-consumers-using"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_WMT_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in WMT 9 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Files Amended Complaint Charging that Walmart Facilitated Scams Through Its Money Transfer Services That Fleeced Customers Out of Hundreds of Millions","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-files-amended-complaint-charging-walmart-facilitated-scams-through-its-money-transfer-services"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-23","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-files-amended-complaint-charging-walmart-facilitated-scams-through-its-money-transfer-services"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_WMT_20220601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in WMT 22 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-06-01","title":"FTC Sues Walmart for Facilitating Money Transfer Fraud That Fleeced Customers Out of Hundreds of Millions","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/06/ftc-sues-walmart-facilitating-money-transfer-fraud-fleeced-customers-out-hundreds-millions"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/06/ftc-sues-walmart-facilitating-money-transfer-fraud-fleeced-customers-out-hundreds-millions"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_GDDY_20250501","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in GDDY 8 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold GDDY within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-05-01","title":"FTC Finalizes Order with GoDaddy over Data Security Failures","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/05/ftc-finalizes-order-godaddy-over-data-security-failures"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GDDY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-23","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/05/ftc-finalizes-order-godaddy-over-data-security-failures"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_TGT_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in TGT 9 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Acts to Stop Real Estate and Online Commerce Coaching Scheme ‘Ganadores’ Targeting Spanish-Speaking Consumers With Brazen Money-Making Pitches","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-acts-stop-real-estate-online-commerce-coaching-scheme-ganadores-targeting-spanish-speaking"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-23","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-23","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-acts-stop-real-estate-online-commerce-coaching-scheme-ganadores-targeting-spanish-speaking"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_TGT_20230401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in TGT 8 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-04-01","title":"Action by FTC and Pennsylvania Leads to Permanent Ban For Debt Collectors That Targeted Businesses, Non-Profits, First Responders","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/04/action-ftc-pennsylvania-leads-permanent-ban-debt-collectors-targeted-businesses-non-profits-first"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-24","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/04/action-ftc-pennsylvania-leads-permanent-ban-debt-collectors-targeted-businesses-non-profits-first"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_TGT_20180601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in TGT 24 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2018-06-01","title":"FTC, State and Federal Law Enforcement, and Better Business Bureau to Announce Major Initiative Targeting Fraud Against Small Businesses","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2018/06/ftc-state-federal-law-enforcement-better-business-bureau-announce-major-initiative-targeting-fraud"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2018/06/ftc-state-federal-law-enforcement-better-business-bureau-announce-major-initiative-targeting-fraud"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_AMZN_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 trades in AMZN 28 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold AMZN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against Amazon for Enrolling Consumers in Amazon Prime Without Consent and Sabotaging Their Attempts to Cancel","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-takes-action-against-amazon-enrolling-consumers-amazon-prime-without-consent-sabotaging-their"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-19","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-04","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-takes-action-against-amazon-enrolling-consumers-amazon-prime-without-consent-sabotaging-their"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_MSFT_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 trades in MSFT 28 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold MSFT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Will Require Microsoft to Pay $20 million over Charges it Illegally Collected Personal Information from Children without Their Parents’ Consent","penalty":20000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-23","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-05","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-04","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_CTVA_20220901","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in CTVA 9 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold CTVA within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-09-01","title":"FTC and State Partners Sue Pesticide Giants Syngenta and Corteva for Using Illegal Pay-to-Block Scheme to Inflate Prices for Farmers","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/09/ftc-state-partners-sue-pesticide-giants-syngenta-corteva-using-illegal-pay-block-scheme-inflate"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTVA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-23","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/09/ftc-state-partners-sue-pesticide-giants-syngenta-corteva-using-illegal-pay-block-scheme-inflate"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_MO_20220201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in MO 11 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded MO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-02-01","title":"Administrative Law Judge Dismisses FTC Antitrust Complaint against Altria Group and JUUL Labs, Inc.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/02/administrative-law-judge-dismisses-ftc-antitrust-complaint-against-altria-group-juul-labs-inc"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-21","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/02/administrative-law-judge-dismisses-ftc-antitrust-complaint-against-altria-group-juul-labs-inc"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_SYK_20201201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in SYK 28 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded SYK within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2020-12-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Imposing Conditions on Stryker Corp.’s Acquisition of Wright Medical Group N.V.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/12/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-stryker-corps-acquisition-wright-medical-group-nv"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-03","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/12/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-stryker-corps-acquisition-wright-medical-group-nv"]},{"id":"P40_K000389_MPC_20190201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in MPC 14 days before FTC action","explanation":"Ro Khanna sold MPC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2019-02-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Imposing Conditions on Marathon Petroleum Corporation’s Acquisition of Express Mart","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/02/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-marathon-petroleum-corporations-acquisition-express"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-18","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/02/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-marathon-petroleum-corporations-acquisition-express"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_V_20260330","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2026-Q1 while VISABILITY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in V during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (VISABILITY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["VISABILITY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_MSFT_20260330","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2026-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in MSFT during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_BAC_20260330","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2026-Q1 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in BAC during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_JPM_20260219","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2026-Q1 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in JPM during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-19","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_NVDA_20260205","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2026-Q1 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in NVDA during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_AMZN_20260205","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2026-Q1 while AMAZON.COM had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in AMZN during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_MSFT_20260205","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2026-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in MSFT during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_V_20260129","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2026-Q1 while VISABILITY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in V during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (VISABILITY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["VISABILITY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_V_20260113","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2026-Q1 while VISABILITY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in V during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (VISABILITY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-13","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["VISABILITY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_JPM_20250724","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2025-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in JPM during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-24","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_JPM_20250717","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2025-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in JPM during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-17","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_JPM_20250717","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2025-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in JPM during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-17","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_JPM_20250707","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2025-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in JPM during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-07","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_GOOG_20250626","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOG in 2025-Q2 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in GOOG during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-26","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLOUD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_JPM_20250626","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2025-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in JPM during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-26","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_BAC_20250626","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2025-Q2 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in BAC during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-26","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_MSFT_20250423","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-23","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_MSFT_20250409","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_MSFT_20250219","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-19","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_NFLX_20250207","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2025-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in NFLX during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-07","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_GOOGL_20250207","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2025-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in GOOGL during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-07","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_MSFT_20250122","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-22","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_COP_20250116","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of COP in 2025-Q1 while CONOCOPHILLIPS had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a buy in COP during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (CONOCOPHILLIPS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-16","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["CONOCOPHILLIPS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_CVX_20250116","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2025-Q1 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in CVX during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-16","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_AMZN_20240802","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2024-Q3 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed a sell in AMZN during 2024-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-02","quarter":"2024-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q3","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_TSCO_20260106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSCO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $TSCO 1 day after a corporate insider (Ham Margaret M  (CIK 0001989273)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Ham Margaret M  (CIK 0001989273)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0001989273-26-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_ROL_20260129","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ROL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $ROL 1 day after a corporate insider (Wilson John F  (CIK 0001514225)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROL","filer":"Wilson John F  (CIK 0001514225)","filingDate":"2026-01-28","adsh":"0001514225-26-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_AMCR_20230829","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMCR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $AMCR 1 day after a corporate insider (Zacka Michael J  (CIK 0001830702)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMCR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMCR","filer":"Zacka Michael J  (CIK 0001830702)","filingDate":"2023-08-28","adsh":"0001415889-23-012712","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_NDAQ_20250610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NDAQ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $NDAQ 1 day after a corporate insider (Griggs PC Nelson  (CIK 0001622632)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NDAQ","filer":"Griggs PC Nelson  (CIK 0001622632)","filingDate":"2025-06-09","adsh":"0000950170-25-083689","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_NDAQ_20240614","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NDAQ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $NDAQ 1 day after a corporate insider (Koch Kathryn A.  (CIK 0002026063)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NDAQ","filer":"Koch Kathryn A.  (CIK 0002026063)","filingDate":"2024-06-13","adsh":"0000950170-24-073178","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_NDAQ_20220217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NDAQ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $NDAQ 1 day after a corporate insider (SKULE JEREMY  (CIK 0001736565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NDAQ","filer":"SKULE JEREMY  (CIK 0001736565)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0001209191-22-010181","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_MA_20230523","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $MA 1 day after a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2023-05-22","adsh":"0001140361-23-026010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_DG_20250306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $DG 1 day after a corporate insider (GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0000897069-25-000514","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_FSLR_20240702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FSLR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $FSLR 1 day after a corporate insider (Sweeney Michael T  (CIK 0001381047)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FSLR","filer":"Sweeney Michael T  (CIK 0001381047)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001127602-24-019638","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_IDXX_20250905","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IDXX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $IDXX 1 day after a corporate insider (MAZELSKY JONATHAN JAY  (CIK 0001556270)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IDXX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IDXX","filer":"MAZELSKY JONATHAN JAY  (CIK 0001556270)","filingDate":"2025-09-04","adsh":"0000874716-25-000152","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_IDXX_20240213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IDXX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $IDXX 1 day after a corporate insider (AYERS JONATHAN W  (CIK 0001184149)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IDXX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IDXX","filer":"AYERS JONATHAN W  (CIK 0001184149)","filingDate":"2024-02-12","adsh":"0000874716-24-000019","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_AXP_20250312","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AXP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $AXP 1 day after a corporate insider (Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)","filingDate":"2025-03-11","adsh":"0001127602-25-008938","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_AXP_20200211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AXP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $AXP 1 day after a corporate insider (Joabar Raymond  (CIK 0001788395)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Joabar Raymond  (CIK 0001788395)","filingDate":"2020-02-10","adsh":"0001127602-20-004687","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_EW_20230829","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $EW 1 day after a corporate insider (Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)","filingDate":"2023-08-28","adsh":"0000950170-23-044843","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_EW_20220510","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $EW 1 day after a corporate insider (EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)","filingDate":"2022-05-09","adsh":"0000899243-22-017284","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_EW_20220505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $EW 1 day after a corporate insider (EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)","filingDate":"2022-05-04","adsh":"0000899243-22-016664","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_EW_20220120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $EW 1 day after a corporate insider (EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)","filingDate":"2022-01-19","adsh":"0000899243-22-002300","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_RMD_20250528","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RMD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $RMD 1 day after a corporate insider (Sandercock Brett  (CIK 0001346064)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RMD","filer":"Sandercock Brett  (CIK 0001346064)","filingDate":"2025-05-27","adsh":"0001127602-25-015607","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_RMD_20241115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RMD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $RMD 1 day after a corporate insider (De Witte Jan  (CIK 0001776929)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RMD","filer":"De Witte Jan  (CIK 0001776929)","filingDate":"2024-11-14","adsh":"0001127602-24-027277","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_LOW_20260310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $LOW 1 day after a corporate insider (Puckett Jeffrey David  (CIK 0001863648)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"Puckett Jeffrey David  (CIK 0001863648)","filingDate":"2026-03-09","adsh":"0001240085-26-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_LOW_20260205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $LOW 1 day after a corporate insider (Tan Irving  (CIK 0001729518)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"Tan Irving  (CIK 0001729518)","filingDate":"2026-02-04","adsh":"0001266824-26-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_LOW_20250528","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $LOW 1 day after a corporate insider (MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)","filingDate":"2025-05-27","adsh":"0001240085-25-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_LOW_20241115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $LOW 1 day after a corporate insider (MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)","filingDate":"2024-11-14","adsh":"0001240085-24-000057","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_LOW_20240529","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $LOW 1 day after a corporate insider (Whitehurst James M  (CIK 0001292272)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"Whitehurst James M  (CIK 0001292272)","filingDate":"2024-05-28","adsh":"0000100517-24-000097","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_MLM_20250306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MLM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $MLM 1 day after a corporate insider (Petro Michael J  (CIK 0001878191)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MLM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MLM","filer":"Petro Michael J  (CIK 0001878191)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001127602-25-008135","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000389_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1587 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 1612 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1587 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1587,"totalRaw":1612}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_ROL_20260129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ROL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $ROL 1 day before a corporate insider (Gahlhoff Jerry Jr.  (CIK 0001823238)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROL","filer":"Gahlhoff Jerry Jr.  (CIK 0001823238)","filingDate":"2026-01-30","adsh":"0001823238-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_ROL_20230803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ROL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $ROL 1 day before a corporate insider (Wilson John F  (CIK 0001514225)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROL","filer":"Wilson John F  (CIK 0001514225)","filingDate":"2023-08-04","adsh":"0000084839-23-000062"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_AMCR_20220510","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMCR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $AMCR 1 day before a corporate insider (Guerra Karen Jane  (CIK 0001776117)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMCR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMCR","filer":"Guerra Karen Jane  (CIK 0001776117)","filingDate":"2022-05-11","adsh":"0001415889-22-004818"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_NDAQ_20240321","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NDAQ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $NDAQ 1 day before a corporate insider (Borse Dubai LTD  (CIK 0001429059)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NDAQ","filer":"Borse Dubai LTD  (CIK 0001429059)","filingDate":"2024-03-22","adsh":"0000950103-24-004179"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_MMM_20211102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MMM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $MMM 1 day before a corporate insider (Patolawala Monish D  (CIK 0001815253)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMM","filer":"Patolawala Monish D  (CIK 0001815253)","filingDate":"2021-11-03","adsh":"0001127602-21-028259"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_FDS_20251007","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FDS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $FDS 1 day before a corporate insider (Shan Helen L.  (CIK 0001748873)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FDS","filer":"Shan Helen L.  (CIK 0001748873)","filingDate":"2025-10-08","adsh":"0001628280-25-044609"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_IBM_20231002","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $IBM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $IBM 1 day before a corporate insider (ZOLLAR ALFRED W  (CIK 0001196985)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBM","filer":"ZOLLAR ALFRED W  (CIK 0001196985)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001562180-23-007146"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_EMR_20231010","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EMR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $EMR 1 day before a corporate insider (Krishnan Ram R.  (CIK 0001847946)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EMR","filer":"Krishnan Ram R.  (CIK 0001847946)","filingDate":"2023-10-11","adsh":"0001062993-23-019246"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_AXP_20260205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AXP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $AXP 1 day before a corporate insider (Marrs Anna  (CIK 0001753557)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Marrs Anna  (CIK 0001753557)","filingDate":"2026-02-06","adsh":"0000004962-26-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_AXP_20231002","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AXP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $AXP 1 day before a corporate insider (Majoras Deborah P  (CIK 0001483177)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Majoras Deborah P  (CIK 0001483177)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001127602-23-025240"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_EW_20230905","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $EW 1 day before a corporate insider (Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)","filingDate":"2023-09-06","adsh":"0000899243-23-018658"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_EW_20230829","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $EW 1 day before a corporate insider (Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)","filingDate":"2023-08-30","adsh":"0000899243-23-018610"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_EW_20220510","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $EW 1 day before a corporate insider (EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)","filingDate":"2022-05-11","adsh":"0000899243-22-017676"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_EW_20220111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $EW 1 day before a corporate insider (EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)","filingDate":"2022-01-12","adsh":"0000899243-22-001780"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_A_20250528","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $A 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $A 1 day before a corporate insider (Kozlowski Thomas J. Jr.  (CIK 0002051134)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"A","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"A","filer":"Kozlowski Thomas J. Jr.  (CIK 0002051134)","filingDate":"2025-05-29","adsh":"0001683168-25-004081"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_RMD_20230629","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RMD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $RMD 1 day before a corporate insider (PENDARVIS DAVID  (CIK 0001196723)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RMD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RMD","filer":"PENDARVIS DAVID  (CIK 0001196723)","filingDate":"2023-06-30","adsh":"0001127602-23-019589"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_LOW_20260205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LOW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $LOW 1 day before a corporate insider (MASSENGILL MATTHEW E  (CIK 0001232826)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"MASSENGILL MATTHEW E  (CIK 0001232826)","filingDate":"2026-02-06","adsh":"0001266824-26-000008"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_MRSH_20260217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MRSH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $MRSH 1 day before a corporate insider (SCHAPIRO MORTON O  (CIK 0001194450)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRSH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRSH","filer":"SCHAPIRO MORTON O  (CIK 0001194450)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0000062709-26-000030"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_MLM_20220613","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MLM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $MLM 1 day before a corporate insider (Mohr John P  (CIK 0001714996)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MLM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MLM","filer":"Mohr John P  (CIK 0001714996)","filingDate":"2022-06-14","adsh":"0001127602-22-017360"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_CTAS_20260129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CTAS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $CTAS 1 day before a corporate insider (Coletti Robert E.  (CIK 0001681153)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTAS","filer":"Coletti Robert E.  (CIK 0001681153)","filingDate":"2026-01-30","adsh":"0000892251-26-000035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_CTAS_20230803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CTAS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $CTAS 1 day before a corporate insider (Rozakis Jim  (CIK 0001977713)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTAS","filer":"Rozakis Jim  (CIK 0001977713)","filingDate":"2023-08-04","adsh":"0000892251-23-000095"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_AMP_20240110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $AMP 1 day before a corporate insider (CD&R Investment Associates X, Ltd.  (CIK 0001759120)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMP","filer":"CD&R Investment Associates X, Ltd.  (CIK 0001759120)","filingDate":"2024-01-11","adsh":"0001209191-24-001481"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_AMP_20220111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna sell $AMP 1 day before a corporate insider (Core & Main Management Feeder, LLC  (CIK 0001728626)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMP","filer":"Core & Main Management Feeder, LLC  (CIK 0001728626)","filingDate":"2022-01-12","adsh":"0001209191-22-003106"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_SNPS_20240620","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SNPS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $SNPS 1 day before a corporate insider (MAHONEY RICHARD S.  (CIK 0001693085)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNPS","filer":"MAHONEY RICHARD S.  (CIK 0001693085)","filingDate":"2024-06-21","adsh":"0001517737-24-000075"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_WM_20250306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ro Khanna buy $WM 1 day before a corporate insider (Camire Brian  (CIK 0001857363)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WM","filer":"Camire Brian  (CIK 0001857363)","filingDate":"2025-03-07","adsh":"0001415889-25-007451"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000389_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+2963 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 2988 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 2963 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":2963,"totalRaw":2988}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2026-02-25_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TMO 1 day before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 164-word floor speech on 2026-02-25 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, another war in the Middle East is not America First. That is why Congressman MASSIE and I will introduce a bipar- tisan Iran war powers resolution. America First means Congress first on m…\"). The member buy $TMO (a Healthcare-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2026-02-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":164,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, another war in the Middle East is not America First. That is why Congressman MASSIE and I will introduce a bipar- tisan Iran war powers resolution. America First means Congress first on m","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/02/25/172/37/CREC-2026-02-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/02/25/172/37/CREC-2026-02-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2025-12-10_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BSX 27 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 330-word floor speech on 2025-12-10 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank Ranking Member SMITH for yielding time. Mr. Speaker, as our country wastes trillions of dollars in wars overseas, the American people are frustrated and saying: Why is it that we…\"). The member sell $BSX (a Healthcare-sector stock) 27 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-12-10","chamber":"House","wordCount":330,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank Ranking Member SMITH for yielding time. Mr. Speaker, as our country wastes trillions of dollars in wars overseas, the American people are frustrated and saying: Why is it that we ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/10/171/208/CREC-2025-12-10-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/10/171/208/CREC-2025-12-10-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2025-11-12_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ISRG 2 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 164-word floor speech on 2025-11-12 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, our coun- try is at a moral crossroads. Just today, it comes out that billionaires are worth $8 trillion. That is more than 50 percent of Americans combined. What does the President do? H…\"). The member buy $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-11-12","chamber":"House","wordCount":164,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, our coun- try is at a moral crossroads. Just today, it comes out that billionaires are worth $8 trillion. That is more than 50 percent of Americans combined. What does the President do? H","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/11/12/171/191/CREC-2025-11-12-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/11/12/171/191/CREC-2025-11-12-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2025-06-25_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MDT 2 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 166-word floor speech on 2025-06-25 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to oppose war in Iran or any wars of choice in the Middle East. We need to be investing in good-pay- ing jobs at home, healthcare at home, and childcare at home, not billions…\"). The member sell $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-06-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":166,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to oppose war in Iran or any wars of choice in the Middle East. We need to be investing in good-pay- ing jobs at home, healthcare at home, and childcare at home, not billions","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/06/25/171/109/CREC-2025-06-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/06/25/171/109/CREC-2025-06-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2025-05-14_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BIIB 5 days after a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 267-word floor speech on 2025-05-14 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to introduce as legislation Presi- dent Trump’s executive order for the most-favored-nation status on drug pricing. My legislation will codify President Trump’s executive ord…\"). The member sell $BIIB (a Pharma-sector stock) 5 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":267,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to introduce as legislation Presi- dent Trump’s executive order for the most-favored-nation status on drug pricing. My legislation will codify President Trump’s executive ord","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/14/171/81/CREC-2025-05-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/14/171/81/CREC-2025-05-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2025-05-14_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 392-word floor speech on 2025-05-14 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to oppose the cruel budget cuts on Medicaid and NIH. I don’t want to sensationalize. I just want to give some of the facts. The Republican budget would cut $715 billion from…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":392,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to oppose the cruel budget cuts on Medicaid and NIH. I don’t want to sensationalize. I just want to give some of the facts. The Republican budget would cut $715 billion from ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/14/171/81/CREC-2025-05-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/14/171/81/CREC-2025-05-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2025-02-27_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MDT 1 day after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 161-word floor speech on 2025-02-27 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, the Re- publican budget calls for a trillion dol- lars in Medicaid cuts to pay for tax breaks for the very wealthy. Mr. Speaker, 83 percent of the tax breaks go to 1 percent of Americans.…\"). The member sell $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 1 day after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-02-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":161,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, the Re- publican budget calls for a trillion dol- lars in Medicaid cuts to pay for tax breaks for the very wealthy. Mr. Speaker, 83 percent of the tax breaks go to 1 percent of Americans.","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/27/171/39/CREC-2025-02-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/27/171/39/CREC-2025-02-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2025-02-25_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TMO on the same day as a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 178-word floor speech on 2025-02-25 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, the Trump administration is stripping mil- lions of American seniors of their cov- erage of telehealth on March 31. That is right. Starting March 31, doctors’ visits via videoconference o…\"). The member buy $TMO (a Healthcare-sector stock) on the same day as the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-02-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":178,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, the Trump administration is stripping mil- lions of American seniors of their cov- erage of telehealth on March 31. That is right. Starting March 31, doctors’ visits via videoconference o","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/25/171/37/CREC-2025-02-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/25/171/37/CREC-2025-02-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2024-12-10_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABT 23 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 626-word floor speech on 2024-12-10 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, across our land, there is outrage at private health insurance companies that are denying claims: denying claims for heart disease, denying claims for can- cer, denying claims for diabetes…\"). The member buy $ABT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 23 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-12-10","chamber":"House","wordCount":626,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, across our land, there is outrage at private health insurance companies that are denying claims: denying claims for heart disease, denying claims for can- cer, denying claims for diabetes","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/12/10/170/183/CREC-2024-12-10-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/12/10/170/183/CREC-2024-12-10-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2024-05-23_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MS 5 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 164-word floor speech on 2024-05-23 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to sound the alarm on the hous- ing crisis in the United States of Amer- ica. Over half of U.S. renters are paying more than 30 percent of their income in rent, and we have o…\"). The member buy $MS (a Finance-sector stock) 5 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-05-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":164,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to sound the alarm on the hous- ing crisis in the United States of Amer- ica. Over half of U.S. renters are paying more than 30 percent of their income in rent, and we have o","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/05/23/170/90/CREC-2024-05-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/05/23/170/90/CREC-2024-05-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2024-05-01_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CSCO 2 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 199-word floor speech on 2024-05-01 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I have a message for my colleagues today: Don’t come to Congress if you want to make a profit. Americans are frustrated with Con- gress because too many Members are personally trading sto…\"). The member buy $CSCO (a Technology-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-05-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":199,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I have a message for my colleagues today: Don’t come to Congress if you want to make a profit. Americans are frustrated with Con- gress because too many Members are personally trading sto","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/05/01/170/75/CREC-2024-05-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/05/01/170/75/CREC-2024-05-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2024-02-05_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PFE 3 days before a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 277-word floor speech on 2024-02-05 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, for pa- tients with leukemia, doctors often prescribe Imbruvica. In 2021, Johnson & Johnson and AbbVie sold it for a com- bined $10 billion. Keytruda, a drug prescribed to cancer patients…\"). The member sell $PFE (a Pharma-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-02-05","chamber":"House","wordCount":277,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, for pa- tients with leukemia, doctors often prescribe Imbruvica. In 2021, Johnson & Johnson and AbbVie sold it for a com- bined $10 billion. Keytruda, a drug prescribed to cancer patients","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/02/05/170/20/CREC-2024-02-05-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/02/05/170/20/CREC-2024-02-05-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2024-01-11_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 1 day before a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 179-word floor speech on 2024-01-11 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, we have a housing crisis in this country. People are struggling to afford rent, and many can’t even think of buying a house. Basic housing is an economic and human right. Here are five th…\"). The member buy $V (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-01-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":179,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, we have a housing crisis in this country. People are struggling to afford rent, and many can’t even think of buying a house. Basic housing is an economic and human right. Here are five th","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/01/11/170/6/CREC-2024-01-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/01/11/170/6/CREC-2024-01-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2023-09-18_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $COP 11 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 202-word floor speech on 2023-09-18 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, yester- day before the climate summit at the U.N., tens of thousands of people marched. I want them to know that some of us in this building hear you, we see you, and we understand your d…\"). The member buy $COP (a Energy-sector stock) 11 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-09-18","chamber":"House","wordCount":202,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, yester- day before the climate summit at the U.N., tens of thousands of people marched. I want them to know that some of us in this building hear you, we see you, and we understand your d","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/09/18/169/150/CREC-2023-09-18-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/09/18/169/150/CREC-2023-09-18-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2023-02-02_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DHR 8 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 239-word floor speech on 2023-02-02 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, let me be clear. The Democratic Party does not believe that the government should control the means of production. No Democrat believes that there should be government gas stations or gov…\"). The member buy $DHR (a Healthcare-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-02-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":239,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, let me be clear. The Democratic Party does not believe that the government should control the means of production. No Democrat believes that there should be government gas stations or gov","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/02/02/169/22/CREC-2023-02-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/02/02/169/22/CREC-2023-02-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2023-01-24_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MRK 13 days before a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 155-word floor speech on 2023-01-24 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to celebrate the historic achieve- ments of Ron Klain, one of the best chiefs of staff in modern American his- tory. Ron Klain helped craft the American Rescue Plan, finally…\"). The member buy $MRK (a Pharma-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-01-24","chamber":"House","wordCount":155,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to celebrate the historic achieve- ments of Ron Klain, one of the best chiefs of staff in modern American his- tory. Ron Klain helped craft the American Rescue Plan, finally ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/01/24/169/15/CREC-2023-01-24-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/01/24/169/15/CREC-2023-01-24-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2022-06-16_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PEP on the same day as a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 581-word floor speech on 2022-06-16 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I have an amendment at the desk. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: Page 7, line 1, strike ‘‘AGRICULTURE AND’’ and…\"). The member sell $PEP (a Staples-sector stock) on the same day as the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-06-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":581,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I have an amendment at the desk. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: Page 7, line 1, strike ‘‘AGRICULTURE AND’’ and","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/06/16/168/103/CREC-2022-06-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/06/16/168/103/CREC-2022-06-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2021-07-26_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TXN 3 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 233-word floor speech on 2021-07-26 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank Delegate NORTON for her leadership, and I thank Ranking Member COMER for his leadership on the bill and, of course, Representative MACE, who has been a colleague and helped craft…\"). The member buy $TXN (a Technology-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-07-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":233,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank Delegate NORTON for her leadership, and I thank Ranking Member COMER for his leadership on the bill and, of course, Representative MACE, who has been a colleague and helped craft ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/26/167/130/CREC-2021-07-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-06"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/26/167/130/CREC-2021-07-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2019-12-11_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 28 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 253-word floor speech on 2019-12-11 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise in strong opposition to this defense au- thorization. There are many things that you can call the bill, but it is Orwellian to call it progressive. Let’s speak in facts. When Pre…\"). The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 28 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-12-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":253,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise in strong opposition to this defense au- thorization. There are many things that you can call the bill, but it is Orwellian to call it progressive. Let’s speak in facts. When Pre","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2018-04-26_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CVS 8 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 435-word floor speech on 2018-04-26 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the distinguished gentleman from Min- nesota for his leadership on so many issues, particularly on healthcare and the fight for Medicare for all. I rise today to share a heartbrea…\"). The member sell $CVS (a Healthcare-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-04-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":435,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the distinguished gentleman from Min- nesota for his leadership on so many issues, particularly on healthcare and the fight for Medicare for all. I rise today to share a heartbrea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/04/26/CREC-2018-04-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/04/26/CREC-2018-04-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2017-11-01_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 5 days before a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 404-word floor speech on 2017-11-01 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, my amendment strikes section 311 from the bill. This section would create a forced arbitration program for forestry management. This section of the bill, in my view, usurps judicial over…\"). The member sell $PG (a Staples-sector stock) 5 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-11-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":404,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, my amendment strikes section 311 from the bill. This section would create a forced arbitration program for forestry management. This section of the bill, in my view, usurps judicial over","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/11/01/CREC-2017-11-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/11/01/CREC-2017-11-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2017-10-04_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BAC 2 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 340-word floor speech on 2017-10-04 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, in a nutshell, here is the Republican and the President’s case. They want you to believe that if you cut corporate taxes, if you cut taxes on the investor class, that this is going to ra…\"). The member sell $BAC (a Finance-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-10-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":340,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, in a nutshell, here is the Republican and the President’s case. They want you to believe that if you cut corporate taxes, if you cut taxes on the investor class, that this is going to ra","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/04/CREC-2017-10-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-06"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/04/CREC-2017-10-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2017-09-28_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GD 3 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 1066-word floor speech on 2017-09-28 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the late Chinese Gen- eral Sun Li-jen. He was known as the ever-victorious general, and fought with valor against Axis forces in Burma during World War II. General S…\"). The member buy $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-09-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":1066,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the late Chinese Gen- eral Sun Li-jen. He was known as the ever-victorious general, and fought with valor against Axis forces in Burma during World War II. General S","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/09/28/163/156/CREC-2017-09-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/09/28/163/156/CREC-2017-09-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2017-04-05_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CSCO 2 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 521-word floor speech on 2017-04-05 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to express my deep concern with the recent FCC decision that strips Charter Communications of the re- quirement to provide broadband in a competitive manner. When Charter mer…\"). The member sell $CSCO (a Technology-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-04-05","chamber":"House","wordCount":521,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to express my deep concern with the recent FCC decision that strips Charter Communications of the re- quirement to provide broadband in a competitive manner. When Charter mer","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/04/05/CREC-2017-04-05-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/04/05/CREC-2017-04-05-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_2017-03-23_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ISRG 10 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ro Khanna delivered a 183-word floor speech on 2017-03-23 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for his leadership and for yielding me the time. When the President campaigned, he said he wanted more benefits, more coverage, and lower premiums. Since he got to t…\"). The member buy $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 10 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-03-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":183,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for his leadership and for yielding me the time. When the President campaigned, he said he wanted more benefits, more coverage, and lower premiums. Since he got to t","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/03/23/CREC-2017-03-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-04-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-04-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/03/23/CREC-2017-03-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_K000389_2022-05-03","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"599 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2022-05-03 — 388 unique tickers","explanation":"Ro Khanna executed 599 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2022-05-03 to 2022-05-10), spanning 388 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2022-05-03","windowEnd":"2022-05-10","tradeCount":599,"uniqueTickers":388,"totalDisclosedTrades":25542,"sampleTickers":["T","PAYC","TTWO","TWTR","PLTR","MRNA","SHW","MTCH","KMB","LH"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_K000389","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 340 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ro Khanna appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 340 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (144); trade near vote (32); coordinated trade cluster (30); speech advocacy trade (30); insider followed trade (26).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":340,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":144},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":32},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":30},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":30},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":24},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":7},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000389","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_K000389","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ro Khanna's campaign paid $42,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: KHANNA, HARGUN S ($42,000)","explanation":"Ro Khanna's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $42,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KHANNA, HARGUN S ($42,000 across 4 payments, services: PROFESSIONAL FEES-TECHNOLOGY · TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":42000,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KHANNA, HARGUN S","total":42000,"count":4,"descriptions":["PROFESSIONAL FEES-TECHNOLOGY","TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"khanna"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA12055&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P137_K000389","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ro Khanna ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $87M across 19 cycles","explanation":"Ro Khanna's FEC-bulk record shows $86.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":86.72,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H4CA12055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA12055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_K000389","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ro Khanna filed 3429 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 569 distinct tickers, 1748 buys, 1681 sells","explanation":"Ro Khanna filed 3429 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 1748 were buy transactions and 1681 were sells, spanning 569 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":3429,"distinctTickers":569,"buys":1748,"sells":1681,"sampleTickers":["MA","XP","AJG","IBM","EMR","DG","FSLR","IDXX","GPC","AXP","LITE","EW"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_K000389","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ro Khanna disclosed 166 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 66 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY BMO $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Ro Khanna has filed 166 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 66 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY BMO $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-03-16 · BUY MS $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-03-12 · BUY ISHC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-26 · BUY BOTA $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-26.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":166,"veryHighCount":66,"lowerBoundSum":486250155,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"BMO","action":"BUY","date":"2026-03-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","date":"2026-03-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ISHC","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BOTA","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CM","action":"SELL","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_K000389","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ro Khanna executed 4250 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL MA (8d apart)","explanation":"Ro Khanna has 4250 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL MA 2017-05-02 → 2017-05-10 (8d) · SELL→BUY MA 2019-05-28 → 2019-06-03 (6d) · BUY→SELL MA 2019-06-03 → 2019-07-01 (28d) · BUY→SELL MA 2025-04-04 → 2025-04-09 (5d) · SELL→BUY MA 2026-01-29 → 2026-02-05 (7d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":4250,"samples":[{"ticker":"MA","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-05-02","date2":"2017-05-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MA","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-05-28","date2":"2019-06-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MA","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-06-03","date2":"2019-07-01","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MA","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-04","date2":"2025-04-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MA","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-01-29","date2":"2026-02-05","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MA","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-02-05","date2":"2026-02-06","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MA","days":11,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-02-06","date2":"2026-02-17","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MA","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-03-10","date2":"2026-03-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_K000389","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ro Khanna triggers 107 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulates 107 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":107,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_K000389_2020-02-11","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ro Khanna — 346 trades on 2020-02-11","explanation":"Ro Khanna disclosed 346 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-02-11). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-02-11","count":346}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_K000389","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ro Khanna — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (25465/25542)","explanation":"Ro Khanna's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":25542,"atBracket":25465,"pct":"99.7"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_K000389","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ro Khanna — 1379 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Ro Khanna has traded 1379 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":1379,"sample":["MA","XP","AJG","IBM","EMR","DG","FSLR","IDXX","GPC","AXP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_K000389","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ro Khanna — 87 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Ro Khanna disclosed 87 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":25542,"noTickerTrades":87}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_K000389_BAC","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ro Khanna — 154 disclosed trades in single ticker BAC","explanation":"Ro Khanna traded BAC on 154 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the BAC trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"BAC","count":154}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_K000389","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ro Khanna — 16 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Ro Khanna has traded 16 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":16,"tickers":["UBER","ABNB","HOOD","SQ","COIN","DASH","CRWD","DDOG","PLTR","PINS","SNOW","U","RIVN","ZM","LYFT","RBLX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_K000389","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ro Khanna — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($43.4M)","explanation":"Ro Khanna is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $43.4M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":43366028,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA12055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P1_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+4 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 29 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 4 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 4 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":4,"totalRaw":29,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":4,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P17_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+2 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 27 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 2 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 2 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":2,"totalRaw":27,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":2,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P37_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+119 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 144 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 119 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 119 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":119,"totalRaw":144,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":119,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]},{"id":"P49_K000389_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+5 more P49 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ro Khanna accumulated 30 P49 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 5 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 5 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P49","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":5,"totalRaw":30,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":5}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000389"]}],"W000802":[{"id":"P1_W000802_32o7f5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PGR 32d BEFORE own bill S 2772 — \"Criminal Justice Reinvestment Act of 2010\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 2772 \"Criminal Justice Reinvestment Act of 2010\" AND traded PGR (Finance) within 32 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2025-10-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2772","title":"Criminal Justice Reinvestment Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-11-28","daysDiff":-32,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202772"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_k9lslp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PGR 2d BEFORE HR 2441 — \"Improving Disclosure for Investors Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded PGR (Finance) within 2 days of HR 2441 \"Improving Disclosure for Investors Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2025-10-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2441","title":"Improving Disclosure for Investors Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-29","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202441"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_jf2s53","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 21d after own bill S 444 — \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 444 \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009\" AND traded MSFT (Technology) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 444","title":"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20444"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_jf2v19","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 21d after own bill S 813 — \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 813 \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\" AND traded MSFT (Technology) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 813","title":"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20813"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_65jwhd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 21d after own bill S 444 — \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 444 \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009\" AND traded AAPL (Technology) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 444","title":"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20444"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_65jtl7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 21d after own bill S 813 — \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 813 \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\" AND traded AAPL (Technology) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 813","title":"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20813"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_7e7c67","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 21d after own bill S 438 — \"Improved Medical Decision Incentive Act of 2009\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 438 \"Improved Medical Decision Incentive Act of 2009\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 438","title":"Improved Medical Decision Incentive Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20438"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_g5163v","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 21d after own bill S 1680 — \"Expanding Access to Medical Records Act\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 1680 \"Expanding Access to Medical Records Act\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1680","title":"Expanding Access to Medical Records Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201680"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_g515gk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 21d after own bill S 1742 — \"Women's Hospitals Education Equity Act\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 1742 \"Women's Hospitals Education Equity Act\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1742","title":"Women's Hospitals Education Equity Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201742"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_g5168x","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 21d after own bill S 1624 — \"Medical Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2009\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 1624 \"Medical Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2009\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1624","title":"Medical Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201624"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_g4zvkr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 21d after own bill S 3709 — \"Health Information Technology Extension for Behavi…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 3709 \"Health Information Technology Extension for Behavioral Health Services Act of 20\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3709","title":"Health Information Technology Extension for Behavioral Health Services Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203709"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_7e7bfh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 21d after own bill S 539 — \"Behavioral Health Information Technology Act of 20…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 539 \"Behavioral Health Information Technology Act of 2011\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 539","title":"Behavioral Health Information Technology Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20539"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_m27wm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 21d after own bill S 444 — \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 444 \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009\" AND traded NVDA (Technology) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 444","title":"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20444"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_m2ass","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 21d after own bill S 813 — \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 813 \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\" AND traded NVDA (Technology) within 21 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 813","title":"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":21,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20813"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_ha8bc2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 14d after own bill S 438 — \"Improved Medical Decision Incentive Act of 2009\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 438 \"Improved Medical Decision Incentive Act of 2009\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 14 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 438","title":"Improved Medical Decision Incentive Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20438"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_wfotq0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 14d after own bill S 1680 — \"Expanding Access to Medical Records Act\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 1680 \"Expanding Access to Medical Records Act\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 14 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1680","title":"Expanding Access to Medical Records Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201680"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_wfoudb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 14d after own bill S 1742 — \"Women's Hospitals Education Equity Act\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 1742 \"Women's Hospitals Education Equity Act\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 14 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1742","title":"Women's Hospitals Education Equity Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201742"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_wfotky","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 14d after own bill S 1624 — \"Medical Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2009\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 1624 \"Medical Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2009\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 14 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1624","title":"Medical Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201624"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_wfq494","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 14d after own bill S 3709 — \"Health Information Technology Extension for Behavi…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 3709 \"Health Information Technology Extension for Behavioral Health Services Act of 20\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 14 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3709","title":"Health Information Technology Extension for Behavioral Health Services Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203709"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_ha8alc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 14d after own bill S 539 — \"Behavioral Health Information Technology Act of 20…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 539 \"Behavioral Health Information Technology Act of 2011\" AND traded UNH (Healthcare) within 14 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 539","title":"Behavioral Health Information Technology Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20539"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_a3k3gt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL LRCX 14d after own bill S 444 — \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 444 \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009\" AND traded LRCX (Technology) within 14 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 444","title":"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20444"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_a3k6cz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL LRCX 14d after own bill S 813 — \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 813 \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\" AND traded LRCX (Technology) within 14 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 813","title":"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20813"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_97oxb3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 38d BEFORE own bill S 444 — \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 444 \"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009\" AND traded NVDA (Technology) within 38 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-07-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 444","title":"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":-38,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20444"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_97ouex","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 38d BEFORE own bill S 813 — \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\"","explanation":"Member sponsored S 813 \"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011\" AND traded NVDA (Technology) within 38 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-07-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 813","title":"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":-38,"sponsorName":"Sen. 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In the same period they made 35 BUYS vs 23 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":35,"sells":23,"netBuy":12,"total":58}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_W000802_j2f279","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,802,173 / spent $4,763,492","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00431601","cmteName":"OCEANS PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":337250,"totalDisbursements":329432.5,"cashOnHand":20334.03},{"cmteId":"C00431601","cmteName":"OCEANS PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":408538.1,"totalDisbursements":414482.2,"cashOnHand":14389.92},{"cmteId":"C00431601","cmteName":"OCEANS PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":722610.2,"totalDisbursements":714607.3,"cashOnHand":22392.82},{"cmteId":"C00431601","cmteName":"OCEANS PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":466169.9,"totalDisbursements":477687.8,"cashOnHand":10874.94},{"cmteId":"C00431601","cmteName":"OCEANS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":527998,"totalDisbursements":526308.9,"cashOnHand":12564.03}],"totalRaised":4802172.899999999,"totalSpent":4763491.899999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_W000802_khs3hy","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"83% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $2,906,368 in itemized individual contributions, $2,403,231 (83%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2906368,"buckets":{"$200 and under":13762,"$200.01-$499":45008,"$500-$999":114560,"$1000-$1999":329807,"$2000 and over":2403231},"megaShare":82.7,"smallDonorShare":0.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_FTV_2016-07-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FTV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-07-05 and 2016-07-08, 3 members took the same direction on FTV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTV","date":"2016-07-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FTV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2016-07-05 to 2016-07-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_LLY_2023-09-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-13 and 2023-09-20, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2023-09-13 to 2023-09-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_LLY_2023-09-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-20 and 2023-09-26, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"}],"span":"2023-09-20 to 2023-09-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_BMY_2016-08-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-11 and 2016-08-18, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2016-08-11 to 2016-08-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_BMY_2016-08-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-15 and 2016-08-18, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2016-08-15 to 2016-08-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_KHC_2018-11-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-13 and 2018-11-19, 4 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2018-11-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-11-13 to 2018-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_KHC_2018-11-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-14 and 2018-11-19, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2018-11-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-11-14 to 2018-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_UTX_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-07, 3 members took the same direction on UTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTX","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_GE_2014-03-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-03-07 and 2014-03-13, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2014-03-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"B001248","name":"Michael C. Burgess"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2014-03-07 to 2014-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_JCI_2017-12-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold JCI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-12-01 and 2017-12-06, 3 members took the same direction on JCI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JCI","date":"2017-12-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"JCI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"}],"span":"2017-12-01 to 2017-12-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_HON_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-08, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_CVS_2018-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-04-03 and 2018-04-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2018-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"}],"span":"2018-04-03 to 2018-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_BIIB_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BIIB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-26, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BIIB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BIIB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_AKAM_2017-05-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AKAM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-05-12 and 2017-05-19, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AKAM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","date":"2017-05-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AKAM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2017-05-12 to 2017-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_AKAM_2017-05-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AKAM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-05-16 and 2017-05-23, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AKAM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","date":"2017-05-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AKAM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2017-05-16 to 2017-05-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_CVS_2019-05-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-09 and 2019-05-16, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2019-05-09","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2019-05-09 to 2019-05-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_BHF_2017-08-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BHF within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-08-07 and 2017-08-10, 3 members took the same direction on BHF. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BHF","date":"2017-08-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BHF","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"}],"span":"2017-08-07 to 2017-08-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_UA_2016-01-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-06 and 2016-01-06, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on UA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UA","date":"2016-01-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"H001061","name":"John Hoeven"}],"span":"2016-01-06 to 2016-01-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_RTN_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-03, 4 members took the same direction on RTN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_RTN_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RTN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-03, 3 members took the same direction on RTN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_ESRX_2014-04-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ESRX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-04-23 and 2014-04-29, 3 members took the same direction on ESRX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ESRX","date":"2014-04-23","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ESRX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001071","name":"Bob Corker"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2014-04-23 to 2014-04-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_BABA_2021-08-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-08-23 and 2021-08-30, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-08-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001213","name":"Blake Moore"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2021-08-23 to 2021-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000802_BABA_2021-08-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-08-24 and 2021-08-30, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-08-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001213","name":"Blake Moore"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2021-08-24 to 2021-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000802_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheldon Whitehouse executed 8 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2026-02-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2024-11-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2024-10-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"FDIC Official Signs, Advertisement of Membership, False Advertising, Misrepresentation of Insured Status, and Misuse of ","agency":"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2026-01-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Tryon Foothills Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2025-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000802_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheldon Whitehouse executed 26 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-10-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Connect America Fund, Alaska Connect Fund, Connect America Fund-Alaska Plan et al.","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-12-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; 2025-2026 Specifications for the Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish Fishery Ma","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-09-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000802_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheldon Whitehouse executed 8 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2024-10-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2024-09-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-07-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; FY 2026 Hospice Wage Index and Payment Rate Update and Hospice Quality Reporting Program Requirements","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-08-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Changes to the Medicare Advantage and the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit Program for Contract Year","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2024-09-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000802_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheldon Whitehouse executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2024-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2024-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000802_kzuqd7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse campaign paid $276,452 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: WHITEHOUSE 06","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's campaign paid 11 disbursements totaling $276,452 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WHITEHOUSE 06","total":121700,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE 06","amount":38500,"date":"2006-06-01","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"whitehouse","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE 06","amount":27000,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"TRANSFER OF PROCEEDS OF JOINT FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"whitehouse","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE 06","amount":23500,"date":"2006-09-27","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"whitehouse","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WHITEHOUSE, SHELDON HONORABLE","total":110000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE, SHELDON HONORABLE","amount":110000,"date":"2006-10-02","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"whitehouse","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WHITEHOUSE, JOSHUA","total":37488.15,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE, JOSHUA","amount":16500,"date":"2016-11-10","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"whitehouse","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE, JOSHUA","amount":7200,"date":"2015-08-28","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"whitehouse","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE, JOSHUA","amount":7050,"date":"2017-01-10","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"whitehouse","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AKA WHITEHOUSE","total":7264.25,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"AKA WHITEHOUSE","amount":7264.25,"date":"2024-08-02","description":"AMEX 08/31: LODGING","surnameMatched":"whitehouse","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WHITEHOUSE%2006"]},{"id":"P25_W000802_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"80% of PAC dollars ($1,388,700) come from Party industry","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1388700,"share":79.8,"totalPAC":1739208,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1388700,"share":79.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":155108,"share":8.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":60000,"share":3.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":30000,"share":1.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000802","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing; 3 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 2 more)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 3 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":75,"highSeverityCount":33,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_W000802_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"LOW","headline":"+18 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse accumulated 43 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 18 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 18 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":18,"totalRaw":43,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":18,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000802"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse accumulated 26 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 1 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":1,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000802"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse accumulated 26 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 1 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":1,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000802"]},{"id":"P40_W000802_SO_20161001","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in SO 9 days before FTC action","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sold SO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2016-10-01","title":"FTC Presents Criminal Liaison Unit Award to Fraud and Cybercrime Unit of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/10/ftc-presents-criminal-liaison-unit-award-fraud-cybercrime-unit-us-attorneys-office-southern-district"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-09-22","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/10/ftc-presents-criminal-liaison-unit-award-fraud-cybercrime-unit-us-attorneys-office-southern-district"]},{"id":"P40_W000802_AAPL_20140301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in AAPL 19 days before FTC action","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sold AAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-03-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order in Case About Apple Inc. Charging for Kids’ In-App Purchases Without Parental Consent","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-approves-final-order-case-about-apple-inc-charging-kids-app-purchases-without-parental-consent"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-approves-final-order-case-about-apple-inc-charging-kids-app-purchases-without-parental-consent"]},{"id":"P37_W000802_TSLA_20241028","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2024-Q4 while TESLA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse executed a sell in TSLA during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA INC, TESLA INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-28","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["TESLA INC","TESLA INC.","TESLA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P38_W000802_Healthcare_2016","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $5K in 2018 — 1.5× baseline — after 31-trade concentration in 2016","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse executed 31 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2016 cycle. In the following cycle (2018), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $5,000 — 1.5× the member's all-cycle baseline of $3,292/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2016","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":31},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2018,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":5000,"baseline":3292,"ratio":"1.5"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_W000802_Technology_2016","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology PACs gave $6K in 2018 — 1.9× baseline — after 23-trade concentration in 2016","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse executed 23 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2016 cycle. In the following cycle (2018), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $5,500 — 1.9× the member's all-cycle baseline of $2,850/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2016","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":23},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2018,"sector":"Technology","amount":5500,"baseline":2850,"ratio":"1.9"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_W000802_Technology_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology PACs gave $9K in 2020 — 2.8× baseline — after 22-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse executed 22 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $9,000 — 2.8× the member's all-cycle baseline of $3,183/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":22},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Technology","amount":9000,"baseline":3183,"ratio":"2.8"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_W000802_Finance_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance PACs gave $91K in 2020 — 3.0× baseline — after 24-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse executed 24 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $91,445 — 3.0× the member's all-cycle baseline of $30,244/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":24},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Finance","amount":91445,"baseline":30244,"ratio":"3.0"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_W000802_Healthcare_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $16K in 2020 — 4.8× baseline — after 15-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse executed 15 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $16,150 — 4.8× the member's all-cycle baseline of $3,375/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":15},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":16150,"baseline":3375,"ratio":"4.8"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_W000802_Healthcare_2024","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $8K in 2026 — 1.6× baseline — after 7-trade concentration in 2024","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse executed 7 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2024 cycle. In the following cycle (2026), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $7,750 — 1.6× the member's all-cycle baseline of $4,736/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2024","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":7},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2026,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":7750,"baseline":4736,"ratio":"1.6"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_W000802_MSFT_20250904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)","filingDate":"2025-09-03","adsh":"0000789019-25-000017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_NVDA_20250904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)","filingDate":"2025-09-03","adsh":"0001283854-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_KVUE_20250828","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KVUE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $KVUE 1 day after a corporate insider (Dasgupta Anindya  (CIK 0002083814)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KVUE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KVUE","filer":"Dasgupta Anindya  (CIK 0002083814)","filingDate":"2025-08-27","adsh":"0001944048-25-000185","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_VZ_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $VZ 1 day after a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0001062993-24-017990","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_UL_20240322","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $UL 1 day after a corporate insider (HAQ MAHMUD UL  (CIK 0001611078)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UL","filer":"HAQ MAHMUD UL  (CIK 0001611078)","filingDate":"2024-03-21","adsh":"0001493152-24-010876","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_KO_20231207","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse buy $KO 2 days after a corporate insider (KO BRYAN SEUK  (CIK 0001800741)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"KO BRYAN SEUK  (CIK 0001800741)","filingDate":"2023-12-05","adsh":"0001209191-23-057456","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_HSY_20251121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HSY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse buy $HSY 2 days after a corporate insider (Voskuil Steven E  (CIK 0001622634)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HSY","filer":"Voskuil Steven E  (CIK 0001622634)","filingDate":"2025-11-19","adsh":"0000047111-25-000180","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_ILMN_20200311","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ILMN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $ILMN 2 days after a corporate insider (Hoyt Aimee L  (CIK 0001727683)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ILMN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ILMN","filer":"Hoyt Aimee L  (CIK 0001727683)","filingDate":"2020-03-09","adsh":"0001127602-20-009976","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_HD_20240613","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse buy $HD 3 days after a corporate insider (ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)","filingDate":"2024-06-10","adsh":"0001140361-24-029623","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_MCD_20260109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MCD 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $MCD 4 days after a corporate insider (Taubert Jennifer L  (CIK 0001745938)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Taubert Jennifer L  (CIK 0001745938)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0000063908-26-000016","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_CAG_20240730","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CAG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $CAG 4 days after a corporate insider (Johnson William Eric  (CIK 0001987656)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAG","filer":"Johnson William Eric  (CIK 0001987656)","filingDate":"2024-07-26","adsh":"0001415889-24-020186","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000802_MCHP_20210830","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MCHP 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $MCHP 5 days after a corporate insider (MEYERCORD WADE F  (CIK 0001181932)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCHP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCHP","filer":"MEYERCORD WADE F  (CIK 0001181932)","filingDate":"2021-08-25","adsh":"0000827054-21-000248","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_JNJ_20230824","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse buy $JNJ 1 day before a corporate insider (Hait William  (CIK 0001904791)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Hait William  (CIK 0001904791)","filingDate":"2023-08-25","adsh":"0001225208-23-008460"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_CAG_20240730","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $CAG 3 days before a corporate insider (Chicago Atlantic Group, LP  (CIK 0001985014)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAG","filer":"Chicago Atlantic Group, LP  (CIK 0001985014)","filingDate":"2024-08-02","adsh":"0001213900-24-064940"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_HD_20260223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $HD 4 days before a corporate insider (ZIDAR THOMAS P  (CIK 0001365691)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"ZIDAR THOMAS P  (CIK 0001365691)","filingDate":"2026-02-27","adsh":"0001365691-26-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_VZ_20260223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $VZ 4 days before a corporate insider (Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)","filingDate":"2026-02-27","adsh":"0001760581-26-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_HSY_20251121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HSY 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse buy $HSY 4 days before a corporate insider (Taffet Stacy  (CIK 0002065367)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HSY","filer":"Taffet Stacy  (CIK 0002065367)","filingDate":"2025-11-25","adsh":"0000047111-25-000186"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_RTN_20200403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RTN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse buy $RTN 4 days before a corporate insider (Work Robert O  (CIK 0001714048)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTN","filer":"Work Robert O  (CIK 0001714048)","filingDate":"2020-04-07","adsh":"0001047122-20-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_JNJ_20240703","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JNJ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $JNJ 6 days before a corporate insider (Broadhurst Vanessa  (CIK 0001904787)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Broadhurst Vanessa  (CIK 0001904787)","filingDate":"2024-07-09","adsh":"0001225208-24-007379"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_HON_20250904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $HON 7 days before a corporate insider (Lee Yew Hon  (CIK 0001846239)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Lee Yew Hon  (CIK 0001846239)","filingDate":"2025-09-11","adsh":"0001520138-25-000285"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_MET_20241119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MET 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $MET 8 days before a corporate insider (Harris Angelee  (CIK 0001316204)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MET","filer":"Harris Angelee  (CIK 0001316204)","filingDate":"2024-11-27","adsh":"0000950170-24-131376"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_MSFT_20250904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (Mason Mark  (CIK 0001487290)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Mason Mark  (CIK 0001487290)","filingDate":"2025-09-12","adsh":"0000789019-25-000037"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_INTC_20210428","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INTC 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $INTC 8 days before a corporate insider (WEISLER DION J  (CIK 0001580693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"WEISLER DION J  (CIK 0001580693)","filingDate":"2021-05-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-015726"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_ESS_20230418","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ESS 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $ESS 8 days before a corporate insider (Dresselhuys Eric P.  (CIK 0001571531)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ESS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ESS","filer":"Dresselhuys Eric P.  (CIK 0001571531)","filingDate":"2023-04-26","adsh":"0001628280-23-013327"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_PYPL_20230920","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $PYPL 9 days before a corporate insider (SCHULMAN DANIEL H  (CIK 0001215315)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"SCHULMAN DANIEL H  (CIK 0001215315)","filingDate":"2023-09-29","adsh":"0001633917-23-000139"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_UL_20240409","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UL 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sell $UL 9 days before a corporate insider (McLaughlin Jacqueline K  (CIK 0001939843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UL","filer":"McLaughlin Jacqueline K  (CIK 0001939843)","filingDate":"2024-04-18","adsh":"0001628280-24-016770"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000802_T_20220411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse buy $T 10 days before a corporate insider (SRPO-II Manager, LP  (CIK 0001886272)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"SRPO-II Manager, LP  (CIK 0001886272)","filingDate":"2022-04-21","adsh":"0001884495-22-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_111_S_438","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 14 days after sponsoring S 438 (Healthcare)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 438 on 2025-08-14 — a Healthcare-sector bill — and sell $DHR 14 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_438","type":"S","number":"438","title":"Improved Medical Decision Incentive Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Healthcare","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/438"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/438","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_111_S_441","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 14 days after sponsoring S 441 (Healthcare)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 441 on 2025-08-14 — a Healthcare-sector bill — and sell $DHR 14 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_441","type":"S","number":"441","title":"Quality Reform Expansion and Savings Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Healthcare","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/441"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/441","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_111_S_444","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 14 days after sponsoring S 444 (Healthcare)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 444 on 2025-08-14 — a Healthcare-sector bill — and sell $DHR 14 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_444","type":"S","number":"444","title":"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Healthcare","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/444"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/444","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_111_S_1606","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMGN 21 days after sponsoring S 1606 (Pharma)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 1606 on 2025-08-14 — a Pharma-sector bill — and sell $AMGN 21 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_1606","type":"S","number":"1606","title":"Foreign Manufacturers Legal Accountability Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Pharma","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/1606"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/1606","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_111_S_1680","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 14 days after sponsoring S 1680 (Healthcare)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 1680 on 2025-08-14 — a Healthcare-sector bill — and sell $DHR 14 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_1680","type":"S","number":"1680","title":"Expanding Access to Medical Records Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Healthcare","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/1680"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/1680","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_111_S_1742","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 14 days after sponsoring S 1742 (Healthcare)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 1742 on 2025-08-14 — a Healthcare-sector bill — and sell $DHR 14 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_1742","type":"S","number":"1742","title":"Women's Hospitals Education Equity Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Healthcare","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/1742"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/1742","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_111_S_2847","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 7 days after sponsoring S 2847 (Technology)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 2847 on 2025-04-07 — a Technology-sector bill — and sell $AAPL 7 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_2847","type":"S","number":"2847","title":"CALM Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sector":"Technology","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/2847"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/2847","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_111_S_3709","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 14 days after sponsoring S 3709 (Healthcare)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 3709 on 2025-08-14 — a Healthcare-sector bill — and sell $DHR 14 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_3709","type":"S","number":"3709","title":"Health Information Technology Extension for Behavioral Health Services Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Healthcare","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/3709"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/3709","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_112_S_539","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 14 days after sponsoring S 539 (Healthcare)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 539 on 2025-08-14 — a Healthcare-sector bill — and sell $DHR 14 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_539","type":"S","number":"539","title":"Behavioral Health Information Technology Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Healthcare","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/539"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/539","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_112_S_592","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HON 21 days after sponsoring S 592 (Industrials)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 592 on 2025-08-14 — a Industrials-sector bill — and sell $HON 21 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_592","type":"S","number":"592","title":"Maritime Liability Fairness Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Industrials","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/592"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/592","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_112_S_1339","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 21 days after sponsoring S 1339 (Technology)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 1339 on 2025-08-14 — a Technology-sector bill — and sell $MSFT 21 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_1339","type":"S","number":"1339","title":"Regulatory Information Reporting Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Technology","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/1339"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/1339","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_112_S_1946","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMGN 21 days after sponsoring S 1946 (Pharma)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 1946 on 2025-08-14 — a Pharma-sector bill — and sell $AMGN 21 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_1946","type":"S","number":"1946","title":"Foreign Manufacturers Legal Accountability Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Pharma","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/1946"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/1946","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_112_S_2281","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMGN 21 days after sponsoring S 2281 (Pharma)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 2281 on 2025-08-14 — a Pharma-sector bill — and sell $AMGN 21 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_2281","type":"S","number":"2281","title":"ExPERT Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Pharma","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/2281"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/2281","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_112_S_3431","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMGN 21 days after sponsoring S 3431 (Pharma)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 3431 on 2025-08-14 — a Pharma-sector bill — and sell $AMGN 21 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_3431","type":"S","number":"3431","title":"Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Pharma","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/3431"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/3431","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_W000802_112_S_3556","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 14 days after sponsoring S 3556 (Healthcare)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored S 3556 on 2025-08-14 — a Healthcare-sector bill — and sell $DHR 14 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 3 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_3556","type":"S","number":"3556","title":"Telemarketing Fraud Modernization Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Healthcare","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/3556"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/3556","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000802_2025-09-29_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNH 25 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse delivered a 470-word floor speech on 2025-09-29 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. President, one of the things I have had the most trouble understanding in the time that I have been in the Senate has been Re- publicans’ bizarre fascination with at- tacking healthcare systems, w…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 25 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-09-29","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":470,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. President, one of the things I have had the most trouble understanding in the time that I have been in the Senate has been Re- publicans’ bizarre fascination with at- tacking healthcare systems, w","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/09/29/171/159/CREC-2025-09-29-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/09/29/171/159/CREC-2025-09-29-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000802_2025-07-30_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DHR 29 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse delivered a 781-word floor speech on 2025-07-30 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. President, today is kind of an exceptional day. It is the 60th anniversary of the Medicare and Medicaid Act, which created two of the most successful programs for fami- lies really that the world…\"). The member sell $DHR (a Healthcare-sector stock) 29 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-07-30","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":781,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. President, today is kind of an exceptional day. It is the 60th anniversary of the Medicare and Medicaid Act, which created two of the most successful programs for fami- lies really that the world ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/07/30/171/131/CREC-2025-07-30-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/07/30/171/131/CREC-2025-07-30-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000802_2018-10-11_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 12 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse delivered a 893-word floor speech on 2018-10-11 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. President, the passage of the bipartisan America’s Water Infrastructure Act, more com- monly called the 2018 WRDA bill, is celebrated by a wide spectrum of sup- porters, including environmental or…\"). The member buy $NVDA (a Technology-sector stock) 12 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-10-11","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":893,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. President, the passage of the bipartisan America’s Water Infrastructure Act, more com- monly called the 2018 WRDA bill, is celebrated by a wide spectrum of sup- porters, including environmental or","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/10/11/164/169/CREC-2018-10-11-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/10/11/164/169/CREC-2018-10-11-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000802_2017-03-14_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ABT 19 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse delivered a 1776-word floor speech on 2017-03-14 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. President, before I get into my ‘‘Time to Wake Up’’ speech, let me say I appreciate the concern of the Senator from Texas that the Affordable Care Act leaves too many Americans uninsured. I am not…\"). The member sell $ABT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 19 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-03-14","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":1776,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. President, before I get into my ‘‘Time to Wake Up’’ speech, let me say I appreciate the concern of the Senator from Texas that the Affordable Care Act leaves too many Americans uninsured. I am not","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/03/14/CREC-2017-03-14-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/03/14/CREC-2017-03-14-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_GOOGL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $GOOGL — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $GOOGL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $GOOGL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GOOGL","assetName":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc.","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GOOGL","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-11-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-04-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_TJX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $TJX — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $TJX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $TJX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TJX","assetName":"TJX - The TJX Companies, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TJX","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-20"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-08-18"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-04-12"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_AMGN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"12 trades in $AMGN — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $AMGN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 12 reported trades in $AMGN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMGN","assetName":"AMGN - Amgen Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMGN","tradeCount":12,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-17"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_NFLX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $NFLX — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $NFLX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $NFLX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NFLX","assetName":"NFLX - Netflix, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NFLX","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-27"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-09-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_NVDA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 trades in $NVDA — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $NVDA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 16 reported trades in $NVDA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NVDA","assetName":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation - Common Stock","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NVDA","tradeCount":16,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-20"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_WMT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $WMT — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $WMT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $WMT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WMT","assetName":"WMT - Walmart Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WMT","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_LRCX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"9 trades in $LRCX — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $LRCX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 9 reported trades in $LRCX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LRCX","assetName":"LRCX - Lam Research Corporation","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LRCX","tradeCount":9,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_LLY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $LLY — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $LLY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $LLY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LLY","assetName":"LLY - Eli Lilly and Company","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LLY","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_KO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $KO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $KO on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $KO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KO","assetName":"KO - Coca-Cola Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KO","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"9 trades in $CVS — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 9 reported trades in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Caremark Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":9,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-16"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_DHR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $DHR — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $DHR on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $DHR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DHR","assetName":"DHR - Danaher Corp. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DHR","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-07-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_HON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $HON — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $HON on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $HON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HON","assetName":"HON - Honeywell International Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HON","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_MCHP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $MCHP — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $MCHP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $MCHP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MCHP","assetName":"MCHP - Microchip Technology Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MCHP","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-30"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_PEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $PEP — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $PEP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $PEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PEP","assetName":"PEP - Pepsico, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PEP","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_PG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $PG — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $PG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $PG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PG","assetName":"PG - The Procter & Gamble Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PG","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-08-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_JPM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $JPM — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $JPM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $JPM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JPM","assetName":"JPM - JPMorgan Chase & Co.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JPM","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_EL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $EL — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $EL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $EL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EL","assetName":"EL - The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EL","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-09-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_VZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $VZ — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $VZ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $VZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VZ","assetName":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VZ","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_TSLA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 trades in $TSLA — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $TSLA on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 12 reported trades in $TSLA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TSLA","assetName":"TSLA - Tesla, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1eb0d806-fa8f-44bd-a693-910e67cad938/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TSLA","tradeCount":12,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-11"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1eb0d806-fa8f-44bd-a693-910e67cad938/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_INTC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $INTC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $INTC on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $INTC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"INTC","assetName":"INTC - Intel Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4acf84a7-642b-458c-aed9-8e272d9c8e57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"INTC","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-20"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4acf84a7-642b-458c-aed9-8e272d9c8e57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_FB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 trades in $FB — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $FB on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 13 reported trades in $FB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FB","assetName":"FB - Meta Platforms, Inc. - Class A Common Stock Filer comment: NAME CHANGE FROM FACEBOOK.","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/401a8da0-a664-4253-935d-ce551a034c09/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FB","tradeCount":13,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-27"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/401a8da0-a664-4253-935d-ce551a034c09/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_BABA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $BABA — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $BABA on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $BABA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BABA","assetName":"BABA - Alibaba Group Holding Limited","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/326a471d-d6a2-47e8-92f2-2a72eff6dffc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BABA","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/326a471d-d6a2-47e8-92f2-2a72eff6dffc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_CSCO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CSCO — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $CSCO on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CSCO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CSCO","assetName":"CSCO - Cisco Systems, Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/326a471d-d6a2-47e8-92f2-2a72eff6dffc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CSCO","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/326a471d-d6a2-47e8-92f2-2a72eff6dffc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_DEO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $DEO — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $DEO on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $DEO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DEO","assetName":"DEO - Diageo plc","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/326a471d-d6a2-47e8-92f2-2a72eff6dffc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DEO","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-11-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-10-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/326a471d-d6a2-47e8-92f2-2a72eff6dffc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 12 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb5e44c0-de0e-47b4-bd47-e7b06bf1af32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":12,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb5e44c0-de0e-47b4-bd47-e7b06bf1af32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_W000802_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 4 Healthcare stocks (CVS, DHR, UNH, TMO)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS, DHR, UNH, TMO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","DHR","UNH","TMO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_W000802_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 2 Defense stocks (RTX, BA)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (RTX, BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["RTX","BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_W000802_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (SLB)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (SLB) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["SLB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_W000802","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $145,000","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse received campaign contributions totaling $145,000 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":145000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_W000802","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses holdings in 274 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 274 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): JCAPX, JBALX, XLF, GOOGL, TJX, XLV, SAPYX, AMGN, NFLX, IEMG, NVDA, WMT, DAL, LRCX, IAU, … (259 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":274,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["JCAPX","JBALX","XLF","GOOGL","TJX","XLV","SAPYX","AMGN","NFLX","IEMG","NVDA","WMT","DAL","LRCX","IAU","IHI","AMEFX","NFFFX","LMGNX","CSDIX","JMGRX","NWKDX","PGR","AMRFX","GSFTX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_W000802_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Healthcare stock (CVS) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Healthcare stocks — CVS — held by Child (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS"],"owner":"Child","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ee58185-dacb-44ce-8fbf-c99e16800ab6/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ee58185-dacb-44ce-8fbf-c99e16800ab6/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_W000802_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (BA) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — BA — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/90bbaba1-dccc-4935-bb20-ca6eb3220b0b/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/90bbaba1-dccc-4935-bb20-ca6eb3220b0b/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_W000802_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Energy stock (SLB) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Energy stocks — SLB — held by Child (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["SLB"],"owner":"Child","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ee58185-dacb-44ce-8fbf-c99e16800ab6/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ee58185-dacb-44ce-8fbf-c99e16800ab6/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_W000802_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Finance stocks (GS, JPM, BAC) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Finance stocks — GS, JPM, BAC — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2017). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["GS","JPM","BAC"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb5e44c0-de0e-47b4-bd47-e7b06bf1af32/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb5e44c0-de0e-47b4-bd47-e7b06bf1af32/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P67_W000802_Technology","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 4 Technology bills AND holds 14 Technology stocks (GOOGL, NFLX, NVDA, META, PYPL, INTC, CSCO, IBM)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse has sponsored 4 bills affecting the Technology sector AND simultaneously holds 14 publicly-traded Technology stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (GOOGL, NFLX, NVDA, META, PYPL, INTC, CSCO, IBM…). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: S 444 (2025-08-14), S 3709 (2025-08-14), S 539 (2025-08-14), S 813 (2025-08-14).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Technology","count":4,"sample":[{"key":"111_S_444","title":"National Health Information Technology and Privacy Advancement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/444"},{"key":"111_S_3709","title":"Health Information Technology Extension for Behavioral Health Services Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3709"},{"key":"112_S_539","title":"Behavioral Health Information Technology Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/539"},{"key":"112_S_813","title":"Cyber Security Public Awareness Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/813"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Technology","tickers":["GOOGL","NFLX","NVDA","META","PYPL","INTC","CSCO","IBM"],"totalCount":14,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P67_W000802_Defense","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sponsored 3 Defense bills AND holds 2 Defense stocks (RTX, BA)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse has sponsored 3 bills affecting the Defense sector AND simultaneously holds 2 publicly-traded Defense stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (RTX, BA). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: S 3941 (2025-08-14), S 1228 (2025-07-21), SRES 349 (2021-12-20).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Defense","count":3,"sample":[{"key":"111_S_3941","title":"Combating Military Counterfeits Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3941"},{"key":"112_S_1228","title":"Combating Military Counterfeits Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-07-21","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1228"},{"key":"112_SRES_349","title":"A resolution commemorating and honoring the service and sacrifice of members of the United States Ar","introducedDate":"2021-12-20","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/349"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["RTX","BA"],"totalCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P74_W000802_2015","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 27 new ticker holdings in 2015 not present in prior PFD filings — including GOOGL, TJX, SAGYX, SAPYX, GGOIX, TRBCX","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 27 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: GOOGL, TJX, SAGYX, SAPYX, GGOIX, TRBCX, HYT, QQQ, JVLIX, ANTM, ABBV, ACE.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2015,"count":27,"newTickers":["GOOGL","TJX","SAGYX","SAPYX","GGOIX","TRBCX","HYT","QQQ","JVLIX","ANTM","ABBV","ACE"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/45638ae1-f073-4ac0-ad2d-1da67039e611/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/45638ae1-f073-4ac0-ad2d-1da67039e611/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000802","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 24 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 247 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse appears in 24 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 247 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 24 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (118); trade near own bill (26); coordinated trade cluster (23); insider front ran trade (15); sponsored bill trade (15).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":24,"totalFindings":247,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":118},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":23},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000802","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_W000802_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 52 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including OAKBX, VETAX, GE, GABIX, KBWY, ITHIX","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 52 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: OAKBX, VETAX, GE, GABIX, KBWY, ITHIX, PANW, AMZN, GS, GBRIX, JDEZX, HYT.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":52,"divestedTickers":["OAKBX","VETAX","GE","GABIX","KBWY","ITHIX","PANW","AMZN","GS","GBRIX","JDEZX","HYT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c582753e-7907-47dc-8c4b-109316cfea13/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c582753e-7907-47dc-8c4b-109316cfea13/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_W000802_2010","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse filed 2 amendments to the 2010 Senate annual disclosure — 9 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Sheldon Whitehouse's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2010 report alone, with 9 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2010,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":9,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F2C6E8FE-B38D-4EEB-961D-F911105C64C7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/3BA0E557-1755-45EF-B09E-D75F80D88432/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F2C6E8FE-B38D-4EEB-961D-F911105C64C7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/3BA0E557-1755-45EF-B09E-D75F80D88432/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 PFD: 77 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (51% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 77 reported holdings owned by Spouse (77), Joint (0), or Dependent (0) — 51% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Morgan Stanley SEP IRA · Spouse: JCAPX - Janus Forty I (NASDAQ) · Spouse: JBALX - Janus Balanced I (NASDAQ) · Spouse: XLF - Financial Select Sector SPDR ETF (NYSEArca).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":77,"Joint":0,"Dependent":0,"Self":72},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.513,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Morgan Stanley SEP IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"JCAPX - Janus Forty I (NASDAQ)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"JBALX - Janus Balanced I (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"XLF - Financial Select Sector SPDR ETF (NYSEArca)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc.","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"AAPL-Apple Inc.","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_W000802","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse's campaign paid $106,752 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: WHITEHOUSE 06 ($62,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 7 payments totaling $106,752 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WHITEHOUSE 06 ($62,000 across 2 payments, services: JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":106752.4,"paymentCount":7,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE 06","total":62000,"count":2,"descriptions":["JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS"]},{"payee":"WHITEHOUSE, JOSHUA","total":37488.15,"count":4,"descriptions":["EVENT CONSULTING","FIELD CONSULTING","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / MILEAGE"]},{"payee":"AKA WHITEHOUSE","total":7264.25,"count":1,"descriptions":["AMEX 08/31: LODGING"]}],"surname":"whitehouse"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S6RI00221&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_W000802","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse filed 24 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 149 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Sheldon Whitehouse has filed 24 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 149 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2013 (149d late, filed 10/11/2013) · 2023 (135d late, filed 09/27/2023) · 2010 (130d late, filed 09/22/2010) · 2010 (130d late, filed 09/22/2010).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":24,"maxDaysLate":149,"samples":[{"year":2013,"filingDate":"10/11/2013","daysLate":149,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/C5DCA331-E7A4-406A-91A0-904E0F49B959/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"09/27/2023","daysLate":135,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4acf84a7-642b-458c-aed9-8e272d9c8e57/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"09/22/2010","daysLate":130,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F2C6E8FE-B38D-4EEB-961D-F911105C64C7/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"09/22/2010","daysLate":130,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/3BA0E557-1755-45EF-B09E-D75F80D88432/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/C5DCA331-E7A4-406A-91A0-904E0F49B959/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4acf84a7-642b-458c-aed9-8e272d9c8e57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F2C6E8FE-B38D-4EEB-961D-F911105C64C7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse discloses 3 precious-metal holdings on 2025 PFD — IAU - iShares Gold Trust, IAU - ishares Gold Trust","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 precious-metal positions (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: IAU - iShares Gold Trust · IAU - ishares Gold Trust · IAU - iShares Gold Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"holdings":[{"name":"IAU - iShares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"IAU - ishares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"IAU - iShares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse owes 2 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Morgan Stanley Private","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 3.35% (15) from Morgan Stanley Private · Other (Liquidity Access Line) ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 2.45% (7 years) from Morgan Stanley Newport,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":2,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.35% (15)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Morgan Stanley Private Bank Ewing, NJ","incurred":"2016"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Other (Liquidity Access Line)","rate":"2.45% (7 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Morgan Stanley Newport, RI","incurred":"2023"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 17 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — META ($35.2M), LLY ($21.0M), AMGN ($18.2M)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 17 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $181.8M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: META ($35.2M, 80 filings) · LLY ($21.0M, 53 filings) · AMGN ($18.2M, 60 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings) · VZ ($15.7M, 73 filings) · HON ($12.7M, 47 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":17,"totalLobbyAcrossM":181.82,"holdings":[{"ticker":"META","totalLobby":35176250,"recordCount":80,"topClient":"META PLATFORMS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"LLY","totalLobby":20985000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"ELI LILLY & COMPANY"},{"ticker":"AMGN","totalLobby":18160000,"recordCount":60,"topClient":"AMGEN INC."},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"VZ","totalLobby":15650000,"recordCount":73,"topClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"HON","totalLobby":12660000,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL"},{"ticker":"CVS","totalLobby":11595000,"recordCount":40,"topClient":"CVS HEALTH"},{"ticker":"WMT","totalLobby":10457000,"recordCount":46,"topClient":"WALMART INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — HON (2,275)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 2,275 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: HON (2,275 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":2275,"holdings":[{"ticker":"HON","patentCount":2275,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 2 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $5M) — top: HON ($2.8M), RTX ($2.6M)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $5M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: HON ($2.8M, 7 contracts, Department of Homeland Security) · RTX ($2.6M, 3 contracts, Department of Transportation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalContractValueM":5.38,"holdings":[{"ticker":"HON","total":2818221.0700000003,"count":7,"agencies":["Department of Homeland Security","General Services Administration","Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"RTX","total":2558117.42,"count":3,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_W000802","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.1M total receipts) — top: WHITEHOUSE VICTORY FUND 2024","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: WHITEHOUSE VICTORY FUND 2024 (C00830885, $2.1M receipts, treasurer LOWEY, KEITH D). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.12,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00830885","name":"WHITEHOUSE VICTORY FUND 2024","receipts":2120803.57,"treasurer":"LOWEY, KEITH D","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00830885/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00830885/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00830885/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_W000802","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse's PFD net worth grew 3.4× in 11 years — 2014 $6.40M → 2025 $21.63M (CAGR 11.7%)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $6.40M in 2014 to $21.63M in 2025 — a 3.4× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 11.7%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":6.4,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":21.63,"growthFactor":3.38,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":11.7,"filingCount":18,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ee58185-dacb-44ce-8fbf-c99e16800ab6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ee58185-dacb-44ce-8fbf-c99e16800ab6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P111_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P111_SPONSORED_SECTOR_BILL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored sector-aligned bills × holds matching PFD tickers in 1 sector — top: tech (3 bills, GOOGL, NFLX, NVDA)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse has sponsored ≥3 bills in 1 non-generic sector AND simultaneously holds ≥3 stock tickers per their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure that map to the same sector. The sector-aligned-sponsorship + sector-aligned-portfolio combination is a clean conflict signal — every bill the senator pushes that affects these sectors moves their personal balance sheet through stock-price effects. Bill classification uses the Officium AI taxonomy (tax / finance / healthcare / pharma / defense / energy / transportation / tech / crypto / housing / agriculture); ticker-to-sector mapping uses the ~150-company classification we use across the platform. Aligned sectors: tech (sponsored 3 bills · holds GOOGL, NFLX, NVDA, META).","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_sector_holding","year":"2025","alignedCount":1,"aligned":[{"kind":"tech","sponsoredCount":3,"sector":"Technology","tickers":["GOOGL","NFLX","NVDA","META"]}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/member/sheldon-whitehouse/W000802"]},{"id":"P114_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — GOOGL, META","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: GOOGL ($50,001 - $100,000) · META ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc.","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"META","asset":"META - Meta Platforms Inc","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — RTX","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: RTX ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"RTX","asset":"RTX - RTX Corporation Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 3 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — NVDA, LRCX, MCHP","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: NVDA ($500,001 - $1,000,000) · LRCX ($50,001 - $100,000) · MCHP ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"LRCX","asset":"LRCX - Lam Research Corporation","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"MCHP","asset":"MCHP - Microchip Technology Inc. (NASDAQ)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — PGR","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: PGR ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PGR","asset":"PGR - The Progressive Corporation","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2025 PFD — VZ","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: VZ ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VZ","asset":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 1 major US bank ticker on 2025 PFD — JPM","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: JPM ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JPMorgan Chase & Co.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P122_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P122_PFD_AIRLINES_HOLDING_AVIATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 1 airline / aerospace ticker on 2025 PFD — DAL","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in airlines, aerospace, or aviation suppliers (Delta DAL, American AAL, United UAL, Southwest LUV, Alaska ALK, JetBlue JBLU, plus Boeing BA, eVTOL Joby JOBY, Archer ACHR). Airline mergers (JetBlue / Spirit, Alaska / Hawaiian) require DOT and DOJ approval; FAA reauthorization includes pilot training rules, ATC funding, and consumer-protection mandates. Holdings: DAL ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_airlines_aviation","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"DAL","asset":"DAL - Delta Air Lines, Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onAviationCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.faa.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse holds 2 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — AMGN, LLY","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: AMGN ($15,001 - $50,000) · LLY ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMGN","asset":"AMGN - Amgen Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"LLY","asset":"LLY - Eli Lilly and Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 PFD lists 76 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 76 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): JCAPX, JBALX, XLF, GOOGL, TJX, XLV, SAPYX, AMGN, NFLX, IEMG.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":76,"sampleTickers":["JCAPX","JBALX","XLF","GOOGL","TJX","XLV","SAPYX","AMGN","NFLX","IEMG","NVDA","WMT","DAL","LRCX","IAU","IHI","AMEFX","NFFFX","LMGNX","CSDIX","JMGRX","NWKDX","PGR","AMRFX","GSFTX","VGT","CIBR","PAVE","VBR","DGRW"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_W000802","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $6.8M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $6.8M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 277; earned-income on first filing: $1,000.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":6809455.5,"assetCount":277,"earnedIncome":1000,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ee58185-dacb-44ce-8fbf-c99e16800ab6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ee58185-dacb-44ce-8fbf-c99e16800ab6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_W000802","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse executed 8 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AMGN (25d apart)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse has 8 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AMGN 2016-11-28 → 2016-12-23 (25d) · SELL→BUY T 2018-12-28 → 2019-01-24 (27d) · SELL→BUY CVS 2014-04-17 → 2014-04-29 (12d) · BUY→SELL AMZN 2016-04-12 → 2016-04-19 (7d) · BUY→SELL DISH 2017-08-24 → 2017-09-20 (27d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":8,"samples":[{"ticker":"AMGN","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-11-28","date2":"2016-12-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"T","days":27,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-12-28","date2":"2019-01-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CVS","days":12,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-04-17","date2":"2014-04-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-04-12","date2":"2016-04-19","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DISH","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-08-24","date2":"2017-09-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GILD","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-11-28","date2":"2016-12-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BHF","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-08-07","date2":"2017-08-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"KORS","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-02-24","date2":"2015-03-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_W000802","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse triggers 54 HIGH-severity findings across 49 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse accumulates 54 HIGH-severity findings across 49 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":54,"distinctDetectorTypes":49}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_W000802","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse triggers 50 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse accumulates findings across 50 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 50 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":50,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P10","P11","P17","P18","P19","P25","P36","P40","P37","P38","P42","P43","P46","P49","P53","P54","P61","P63","P64","P67","P74","P78","P79","P82","P87","P88","P90","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_W000802","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 751 sponsored, 4,818 cosponsored","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's congress.gov record shows 751 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":751,"cosponsoredCount":4818,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/sheldon-whitehouse/W000802","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_W000802","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,818 cosponsored, 751 sponsored","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's congress.gov record shows 4,818 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4818,"sponsoredCount":751,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/sheldon-whitehouse/W000802","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P169_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 PFD initiated 1 large new ticker position (≥$100K) — top: NVDA ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 new ticker position in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: NVDA ($500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1eb0d806-fa8f-44bd-a693-910e67cad938/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1eb0d806-fa8f-44bd-a693-910e67cad938/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Running Tides Technologies Inc (Self-Employment Income)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Self-Employment Income from Running Tides Technologies Inc (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Running Tides Technologies Inc Portland, ME","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1eb0d806-fa8f-44bd-a693-910e67cad938/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1eb0d806-fa8f-44bd-a693-910e67cad938/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_RI_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RI delegation: Sheldon Whitehouse & John F. “Jack” Reed both flagged on 21 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from RI — Sheldon Whitehouse and John F. “Jack” Reed — are flagged on the same 21 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P1, P10, P11, P17, P19, P36, P40, P38.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"RI","otherSenatorBid":"R000122","otherSenatorName":"John F. “Jack” Reed","sharedDetectorCount":21,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P1","P10","P11","P17","P19","P36","P40","P38","P53","P54","P61","P63","P64","P74","P79","P82"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000802","https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000122"]},{"id":"P178_W000802_2023-09-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse — 16 trades on 2023-09-20","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse disclosed 16 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-09-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-09-20","count":16}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_W000802","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (671/671)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":671,"atBracket":671,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_W000802","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse — 197 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse has traded 197 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":197,"sample":["PEP","HD","VZ","MA","MCD","NVDA","SBUX","GH","KO","HSY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P181_W000802","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse — 95 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse sponsored 95 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":95}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_W000802_NVDA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse — 16 disclosed trades in single ticker NVDA","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse traded NVDA on 16 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NVDA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NVDA","count":16}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_W000802_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse — 103 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse's 2025 Senate PFD shows 103 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":103,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc85ab38-07e9-452d-8416-91636fd3f7ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_W000802","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheldon Whitehouse — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["SNOW","SQ"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P1_W000802_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse accumulated 26 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 1 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":1,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000802"]},{"id":"P53_W000802_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+93 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Sheldon Whitehouse accumulated 118 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 93 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 51 MEDIUM · 42 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":93,"totalRaw":118,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":51,"LOW":42}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000802"]}],"C001123":[{"id":"P1_C001123_ovrlab","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL ADM 0d BEFORE HR 1719 — \"Farm to Fly Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded ADM (Agriculture) within 0 days of HR 1719 \"Farm to Fly Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADM","date":"2026-03-20","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1719","title":"Farm to Fly Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-20","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201719"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_oj3aqi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 6461 — \"READ AI Models Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6461 \"READ AI Models Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6461","title":"READ AI Models Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-13","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206461"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_5phbgm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL IBM 0d BEFORE HR 6461 — \"READ AI Models Act\"","explanation":"Member traded IBM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6461 \"READ AI Models Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-03-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6461","title":"READ AI Models Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-13","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206461"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_5m7486","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TSLA 0d BEFORE HR 6461 — \"READ AI Models Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TSLA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6461 \"READ AI Models Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2026-03-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6461","title":"READ AI Models Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-13","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206461"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_9632y4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PLTR 0d BEFORE HR 6461 — \"READ AI Models Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PLTR (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6461 \"READ AI Models Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2026-03-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6461","title":"READ AI Models Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-13","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206461"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_fn7p9u","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL UNH 0d BEFORE HR 3911 — \"Choose Medicare Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 3911 \"Choose Medicare Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3911","title":"Choose Medicare Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203911"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_w7wnvq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 7064 — \"AI in Health Care Efficiency and Study Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7064 \"AI in Health Care Efficiency and Study Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7064","title":"AI in Health Care Efficiency and Study Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207064"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_em91pq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CVX 0d BEFORE HR 7069 — \"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026\"","explanation":"Member traded CVX (Energy) within 0 days of HR 7069 \"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7069","title":"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026","introducedDate":"2026-02-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207069"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_9pxna5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY XOM 0d BEFORE HR 7069 — \"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026\"","explanation":"Member traded XOM (Energy) within 0 days of HR 7069 \"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7069","title":"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026","introducedDate":"2026-02-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207069"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_o11q3a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY EOG 0d BEFORE HR 7069 — \"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026\"","explanation":"Member traded EOG (Energy) within 0 days of HR 7069 \"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7069","title":"Affordable Food and Energy Act of 2026","introducedDate":"2026-02-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207069"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_ry0t9i","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY TSM 0d BEFORE HR 339 — \"Broadband Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TSM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 339 \"Broadband Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2026-02-09","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 339","title":"Broadband Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-09","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20339"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_qf1xk6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL XOM 0d BEFORE HR 6747 — \"Olive Oil Standards Act\"","explanation":"Member traded XOM (Energy) within 0 days of HR 6747 \"Olive Oil Standards Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2026-01-09","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6747","title":"Olive Oil Standards Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-09","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206747"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_e7he9x","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MTDR 0d BEFORE HR 6747 — \"Olive Oil Standards Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MTDR (Energy) within 0 days of HR 6747 \"Olive Oil Standards Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTDR","date":"2026-01-09","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6747","title":"Olive Oil Standards Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-09","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206747"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_liqj4l","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CVX 0d BEFORE HR 6747 — \"Olive Oil Standards Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CVX (Energy) within 0 days of HR 6747 \"Olive Oil Standards Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2026-01-09","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6747","title":"Olive Oil Standards Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-09","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206747"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_8g9spw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL COP 0d BEFORE HR 6187 — \"Wojnovich Pipeline Safety Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded COP (Energy) within 0 days of HR 6187 \"Wojnovich Pipeline Safety Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2026-01-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6187","title":"Wojnovich Pipeline Safety Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-01-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206187"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_tv8drt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY UNH 0d BEFORE HR 1889 — \"Cutting Red Tape on Child Care Providers Act of 20…\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 1889 \"Cutting Red Tape on Child Care Providers Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-12-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1889","title":"Cutting Red Tape on Child Care Providers Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-12-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201889"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_6484mz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 4110 — \"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4110 \"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-12-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4110","title":"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204110"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_rt5hta","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMD 0d BEFORE HR 4110 — \"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4110 \"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2025-12-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4110","title":"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204110"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_ol63sm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 4110 — \"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4110 \"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-12-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4110","title":"The Organic Dairy Data Collection Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204110"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_phek38","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 4240 — \"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4240 \"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-11-18","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4240","title":"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204240"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_qwx1io","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMD 0d BEFORE HR 4240 — \"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4240 \"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2025-11-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4240","title":"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204240"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_e7oxq0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMZN 0d BEFORE HR 4240 — \"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4240 \"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-11-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4240","title":"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204240"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_57zocd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 4240 — \"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4240 \"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-11-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4240","title":"Countering Untrusted Telecommunications Abroad Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204240"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_voki4a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CP 4d after HR 5268 — \"FAIR Trucking Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CP (Transportation) within 4 days of HR 5268 \"FAIR Trucking Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CP","date":"2025-11-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5268","title":"FAIR Trucking Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-08","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205268"]},{"id":"P1_C001123_isumi6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 13d BEFORE S 2586 — \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty…\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 13 days of S 2586 \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for m\", sponsored by Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2019-02-11","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2586","title":"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for measuring equipment for telecommunication","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]","sponsorBioguide":"F000062","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202586"]},{"id":"P3_C001123_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 45 BUYS vs 37 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":45,"sells":37,"netBuy":8,"total":82}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_C001123_tnpd6d","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,190,000 lobbying spike near XOM trade","explanation":"XOM was lobbied $2,190,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $696,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"XOM","recentTotal":2190000,"baselineAvg":696667,"recordCount":8,"topClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORP."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_C001123_df9cix","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$570,000 lobbying spike near TSM trade","explanation":"TSM was lobbied $570,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $190,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2026-02-09","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"TSM","recentTotal":570000,"baselineAvg":190000,"recordCount":1,"topClients":["TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY (TSMC)"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_C001123_kl74t8","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,442,500 lobbying spike near MSFT trade","explanation":"MSFT was lobbied $2,442,500 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $1,070,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-11-18","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"MSFT","recentTotal":2442500,"baselineAvg":1070000,"recordCount":9,"topClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_C001123_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,062,608 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,062,608 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1062608.47,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_C001123_tya0ps","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$887,192 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Texas Forward","explanation":"Texas Forward spent $887,192 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00731794","name":"Texas Forward","support":887192,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00731794/"]},{"id":"P6_C001123_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$865,390 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICA","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $865,390 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 28 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":865390.13,"oppose":7000,"events":28}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P6_C001123_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$571,845 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $571,845 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 57 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":571844.8299999998,"oppose":0,"events":57}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_C001123_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$560,344 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $560,344 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":560344,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_C001123_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$478,982 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $478,982 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":478982.10000000003,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P6_C001123_ufcawr","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$429,765 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Justice Democrats PAC","explanation":"Justice Democrats PAC spent $429,765 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00630665","name":"Justice Democrats PAC","support":429765.02999999997,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00630665/"]},{"id":"P6_C001123_vaji9r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$370,973 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Communications Workers of America Workin","explanation":"Communications Workers of America Working Voices spent $370,973 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 50 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488486","name":"Communications Workers of America Working Voices","support":370973.0199999999,"oppose":0,"events":50}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488486/"]},{"id":"P7_C001123_2c8u54","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,067,096 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,067,096 opposing this member across 807 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3067095.840000001,"totalSupport":7360994.47000002,"events":807,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2503147.01},{"name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","oppose":7000},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":347601.29},{"name":"DMFI PAC","oppose":114000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001123_vmo5eo","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,217 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $76,217 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":76216.51000000001,"oppose":0,"net":76216.51000000001,"events":55,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":60297.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":8608.75,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3206.4300000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005418","name":"CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFT, AFL-CIO","support":2595.34,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":875.89,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001123_zf9a1s","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,087,246 / spent $1,699,409","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00817239","cmteName":"MGG PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":8171.5,"totalDisbursements":5514.4,"cashOnHand":2657.1},{"cmteId":"C00880062","cmteName":"ELECT DEMS NOW PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":2079074.6,"totalDisbursements":1691237.6,"cashOnHand":387837},{"cmteId":"C00817239","cmteName":"MGG PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":2657.1,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":2087246.1,"totalSpent":1699409.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_ENTG_2020-01-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-10 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-10 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_ENTG_2020-01-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-13 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-13 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_ENTG_2020-01-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-14 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-14 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_CACI_2020-03-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CACI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-23 and 2020-03-26, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on CACI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CACI","date":"2020-03-23","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CACI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-03-23 to 2020-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_K_2025-12-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold K within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-12-11 and 2025-12-11, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on K. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","date":"2025-12-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"K","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-12-11 to 2025-12-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_AVGO_2025-01-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-28 and 2025-01-30, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-01-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-01-28 to 2025-01-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_GE_2019-03-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-12 and 2019-03-14, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-03-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2019-03-12 to 2019-03-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_CMCSA_2026-01-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-01-09 and 2026-01-13, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2026-01-09","action":"BUY","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2026-01-09 to 2026-01-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_F_2025-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-19 and 2025-02-26, 3 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-02-19 to 2025-02-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_F_2025-02-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-25 and 2025-03-04, 4 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-02-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"S001189","name":"Austin Scott"}],"span":"2025-02-25 to 2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_F_2025-02-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-26 and 2025-03-04, 3 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-02-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"S001189","name":"Austin Scott"}],"span":"2025-02-26 to 2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_SYY_2020-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-16 and 2020-03-18, 3 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-03-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000397","name":"Zoe Lofgren"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"C001069","name":"Joe Courtney"}],"span":"2020-03-16 to 2020-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_GIS_2025-07-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-07-03 and 2025-07-10, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on GIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2025-07-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-07-03 to 2025-07-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_SYY_2020-04-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-27 and 2020-05-01, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-04-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-04-27 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_SYY_2020-04-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-28 and 2020-05-01, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-04-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-04-28 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_SYY_2020-04-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-29 and 2020-05-01, 3 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-04-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-04-29 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_GE_2020-03-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-17 and 2020-03-23, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2020-03-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"}],"span":"2020-03-17 to 2020-03-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_WBD_2026-02-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-06 and 2026-02-10, 3 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2026-02-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"}],"span":"2026-02-06 to 2026-02-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_BKNG_2020-03-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-11 and 2020-03-18, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2020-03-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-03-11 to 2020-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_UBER_2025-02-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UBER within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-21 and 2025-02-26, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on UBER. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2025-02-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UBER","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-02-21 to 2025-02-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_CSGP_2020-09-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CSGP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-09-23 and 2020-09-25, 3 members took the same direction on CSGP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSGP","date":"2020-09-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CSGP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2020-09-23 to 2020-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_ZTS_2025-08-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ZTS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-08-04 and 2025-08-05, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ZTS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-08-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ZTS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-08-04 to 2025-08-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_MNST_2019-08-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MNST within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-12 and 2019-08-14, 3 members took the same direction on MNST. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MNST","date":"2019-08-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MNST","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2019-08-12 to 2019-08-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_FICO_2026-02-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FICO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-04 and 2026-02-10, 3 members took the same direction on FICO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FICO","date":"2026-02-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FICO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2026-02-04 to 2026-02-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001123_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 5 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001123_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros executed 100 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","date":"2026-03-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2026-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","date":"2026-03-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2026-03-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General License 5T","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-03-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General License 5T","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-03-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001123_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"273 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros executed 273 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","date":"2026-03-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTSI","date":"2026-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2026-03-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2026-03-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Unlicensed Use of the 6 GHz Band; Expanding Flexible Use in Mid-Band Spectrum Between 3.7 and 24 GHz","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Unlicensed Use of the 6 GHz Band; Expanding Flexible Use in Mid-Band Spectrum Between 3.7 and 24 GHz","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001123_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros executed 82 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEIS","date":"2026-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NWE","date":"2026-03-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEIS","date":"2026-03-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTRA","date":"2026-02-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Rescinding 30-Day Notification Requirements Related to Eviction Based on Nonpayment of Rent in Multi-Family Housing Dire","agency":"Agriculture Department, Rural Housing Service","date":"2026-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"25-Hour Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) Requirement, New Aircraft Production","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-02-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001123_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"39 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros executed 39 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2026-03-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2026-03-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2026-01-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Aerospace & Defense Oxygen Systems SaS (Part of Safran Aerosystems) (Formerly Known as Air Liq","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Aerospace & Defense Oxygen Systems SaS (Part of Safran Aerosystems) (Formerly Known as Air Liq","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001123_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros executed 90 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBIO","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBIO","date":"2026-03-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2026-03-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2026-03-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revocation of Regulations Regarding the Mutual Recognition of Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practice Reports, Medica","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2026-02-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revocation of Regulations Regarding the Mutual Recognition of Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practice Reports, Medica","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2026-02-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001123_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros executed 19 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UAL","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CP","date":"2026-01-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":6,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2026-01-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-5,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2026-01-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-5,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2026 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-01-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2026 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001123_35farj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros campaign paid $8,803,608 to 27 surname-matched vendors, top: CISNEROS, GIL","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros's campaign paid 189 disbursements totaling $8,803,608 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CISNEROS, GIL","total":7726335.45,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"CISNEROS, GIL","amount":1500000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"cisneros","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CISNEROS, GIL","amount":1000000,"date":"2018-06-25","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"cisneros","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CISNEROS, GIL","amount":1000000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"cisneros","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","total":44000,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":10000,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"NONFEDERAL: CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2017-09-06","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-08","description":"VA STATE LEVEL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","total":42500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-06-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":5000,"date":"2006-03-15","description":"CONSULTING - POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CISNEROS"]},{"id":"P20_C001123_ra2g8i","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 19 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on committees overseeing Defense, Healthcare, Finance and traded 19 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2026-03-16","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":25266115.07,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2026-03-13","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2026-03-13","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-03-13","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":21811577.12,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":36050542.61,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C001123_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-10","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2026-02-10","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C001123_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Finance trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IVZ","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C001123_Defense","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Defense bills","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros cast Defense-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Defense"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2026-01-30","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":8,"sector":"Defense"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C001123_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Energy trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEIS","date":"2026-01-20","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":12,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2026-01-09","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2026-01-09","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","date":"2026-01-09","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C001123_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Healthcare trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Healthcare bills","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros cast Healthcare-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2025-12-24","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":6,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-12-19","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","date":"2025-12-19","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2025-12-19","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Healthcare"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C001123_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Agriculture trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Agriculture bills","explanation":"Member Gilbert Cisneros cast Agriculture-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2025-12-19","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAG","date":"2025-12-19","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Agriculture"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P24_C001123_i5o4e7","pattern_type":"P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded MTSI (Technology) the same day as voting on Technology legislation — and 1 more same-day pairings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed sector-matching trades on the same calendar day they cast sector-related votes. This is the tightest possible timing correlation in our data — ask whether the trade was placed before or after the vote was cast.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTSI","date":"2026-01-20","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Technology","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","date":"2026-01-20","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Technology","daysDiff":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_C001123","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on committees regulating Defense, Healthcare, Finance and actively trades in Finance, Defense, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":115},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":41},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":98}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_C001123_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE both supported ($865,390) and opposed ($7,000) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Gilbert Cisneros advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":865390.13,"oppose":7000,"events":28}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P35_C001123_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Women Vote! both supported ($165,490) and opposed ($347,601) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Gilbert Cisneros advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":165490.12,"oppose":347601.29,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P36_C001123","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 distinct pattern types firing; 5 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology + 4 more)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros has findings in 15 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 5 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":15,"totalFindings":141,"highSeverityCount":27,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Defense","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Agriculture","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_C001123_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+20 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros accumulated 45 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 20 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 20 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":20,"totalRaw":45,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":20,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001123"]},{"id":"P17_C001123_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+38 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros accumulated 63 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 38 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 38 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":38,"totalRaw":63,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":38,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001123"]},{"id":"P40_C001123_GDDY_20250501","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in GDDY 30 days before FTC action","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sold GDDY within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-05-01","title":"FTC Finalizes Order with GoDaddy over Data Security Failures","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/05/ftc-finalizes-order-godaddy-over-data-security-failures"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GDDY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/05/ftc-finalizes-order-godaddy-over-data-security-failures"]},{"id":"P37_C001123_XOM_20260210","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2026-Q1 while EXXONMOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed a buy in XOM during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001123_XOM_20260109","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2026-Q1 while EXXONMOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed a sell in XOM during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001123_MSFT_20251118","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q4 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001123_TSLA_20201222","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2020-Q4 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed a buy in TSLA during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA INC","TESLA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001123_AAPL_20190211","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2019-Q1 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed a sell in AAPL during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-11","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001123_AAPL_20190208","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2019-Q1 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed a buy in AAPL during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-08","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001123_AAPL_20190118","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2019-Q1 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed a buy in AAPL during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-18","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001123_JPM_20190118","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2019-Q1 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed a buy in JPM during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-18","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_AMCR_20251118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMCR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $AMCR 1 day after a corporate insider (Scherger Stephen R.  (CIK 0001546877)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMCR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMCR","filer":"Scherger Stephen R.  (CIK 0001546877)","filingDate":"2025-11-17","adsh":"0001546877-25-000011","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_GIS_20250703","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GIS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $GIS 1 day after a corporate insider (Fernandez Ricardo  (CIK 0002005436)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GIS","filer":"Fernandez Ricardo  (CIK 0002005436)","filingDate":"2025-07-02","adsh":"0000897101-25-000394","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_GDDY_20250107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GDDY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $GDDY 1 day after a corporate insider (McCaffrey Mark  (CIK 0001865639)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GDDY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GDDY","filer":"McCaffrey Mark  (CIK 0001865639)","filingDate":"2025-01-06","adsh":"0001609711-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_TFC_20200318","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TFC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $TFC 1 day after a corporate insider (Wilson Donta L  (CIK 0001681329)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TFC","filer":"Wilson Donta L  (CIK 0001681329)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001225208-20-005243","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_BSX_20250731","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BSX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $BSX 1 day after a corporate insider (FUJIMORI YOSHIAKI  (CIK 0001233160)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"FUJIMORI YOSHIAKI  (CIK 0001233160)","filingDate":"2025-07-30","adsh":"0001225208-25-006892","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_MSFT_20251118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2025-11-17","adsh":"0000789019-25-000069","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_APO_20251118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $APO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $APO 1 day after a corporate insider (KLEINMAN SCOTT  (CIK 0001272588)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APO","filer":"KLEINMAN SCOTT  (CIK 0001272588)","filingDate":"2025-11-17","adsh":"0001272588-25-000007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_O_20250805","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $O 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $O 1 day after a corporate insider (GOTTWALD WILLIAM M  (CIK 0001182458)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"O","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"O","filer":"GOTTWALD WILLIAM M  (CIK 0001182458)","filingDate":"2025-08-04","adsh":"0000950170-25-102198","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_ORCL_20251224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $ORCL 1 day after a corporate insider (SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)","filingDate":"2025-12-23","adsh":"0001341439-25-000087","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_TSLA_20201222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-12-21","adsh":"0001771364-20-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_F_20250226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $F 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $F 1 day after a corporate insider (Kuhn Rebecca  (CIK 0001855659)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Kuhn Rebecca  (CIK 0001855659)","filingDate":"2025-02-25","adsh":"0001415889-25-005559","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_AMZN_20200811","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (STONESIFER PATRICIA Q  (CIK 0001184756)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"STONESIFER PATRICIA Q  (CIK 0001184756)","filingDate":"2020-08-10","adsh":"0001127602-20-023259","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_MU_20260325","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $MU 1 day after a corporate insider (Mu Yang  (CIK 0002116220)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"Mu Yang  (CIK 0002116220)","filingDate":"2026-03-24","adsh":"0001104659-26-033860","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_CAG_20250530","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $CAG 1 day after a corporate insider (Horowitz Fran  (CIK 0001489981)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAG","filer":"Horowitz Fran  (CIK 0001489981)","filingDate":"2025-05-29","adsh":"0001415889-25-014886","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_LPLA_20260327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LPLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $LPLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Mnookin Allison  (CIK 0001603473)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LPLA","filer":"Mnookin Allison  (CIK 0001603473)","filingDate":"2026-03-26","adsh":"0001628280-26-021432","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_VIAV_20251113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VIAV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $VIAV 1 day after a corporate insider (BARNES KEITH  (CIK 0001268517)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIAV","filer":"BARNES KEITH  (CIK 0001268517)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0000912093-25-000189","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_JNJ_20250429","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JNJ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $JNJ 1 day after a corporate insider (WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)","filingDate":"2025-04-28","adsh":"0000200406-25-000133","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_LIN_20260109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LIN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $LIN 1 day after a corporate insider (Novel Inspiration International Co., Ltd.  (CIK 0002097627)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"Novel Inspiration International Co., Ltd.  (CIK 0002097627)","filingDate":"2026-01-08","adsh":"0002097627-26-000009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_AVGO_20251017","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $AVGO 1 day after a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2025-10-16","adsh":"0001359561-25-000007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_BEN_20200318","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BEN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $BEN 1 day after a corporate insider (Andreessen Horowitz Fund I, L.P.  (CIK 0001466249)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BEN","filer":"Andreessen Horowitz Fund I, L.P.  (CIK 0001466249)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-019856","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_UNH_20251219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $UNH 1 day after a corporate insider (MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)","filingDate":"2025-12-18","adsh":"0000731766-25-000349","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_DHR_20250226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $DHR 1 day after a corporate insider (Riley Christopher Paul  (CIK 0002000111)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHR","filer":"Riley Christopher Paul  (CIK 0002000111)","filingDate":"2025-02-25","adsh":"0000313616-25-000055","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_WDAY_20251210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WDAY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $WDAY 1 day after a corporate insider (Eschenbach Carl M.  (CIK 0001409324)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WDAY","filer":"Eschenbach Carl M.  (CIK 0001409324)","filingDate":"2025-12-09","adsh":"0001409324-25-000013","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_WDAY_20251015","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WDAY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $WDAY 1 day after a corporate insider (STILL GEORGE J JR  (CIK 0001209711)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WDAY","filer":"STILL GEORGE J JR  (CIK 0001209711)","filingDate":"2025-10-14","adsh":"0001209711-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_ROP_20260313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ROP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $ROP 1 day after a corporate insider (Cross Brandon L  (CIK 0001960875)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"Cross Brandon L  (CIK 0001960875)","filingDate":"2026-03-12","adsh":"0001193125-26-104247","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001123_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+191 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros accumulated 216 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 191 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":191,"totalRaw":216}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_BKNG_20251118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BKNG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $BKNG 1 day before a corporate insider (WITTMAN VANESSA AMES  (CIK 0001229265)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"WITTMAN VANESSA AMES  (CIK 0001229265)","filingDate":"2025-11-19","adsh":"0001229265-25-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_CRM_20200915","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CRM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $CRM 1 day before a corporate insider (Hawkins Mark J  (CIK 0001430437)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Hawkins Mark J  (CIK 0001430437)","filingDate":"2020-09-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-025267"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_EL_20200903","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $EL 1 day before a corporate insider (Pillar Invest Corp  (CIK 0001534428)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"Pillar Invest Corp  (CIK 0001534428)","filingDate":"2020-09-04","adsh":"0000899243-20-024396"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_AMZN_20201119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-11-20","adsh":"0001127602-20-029688"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_LPLA_20251210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LPLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $LPLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Morningstar Matthew  (CIK 0002100107)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LPLA","filer":"Morningstar Matthew  (CIK 0002100107)","filingDate":"2025-12-11","adsh":"0001628280-25-056545"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_T_20201222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $T 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $T 1 day before a corporate insider (Moran Colin T.  (CIK 0001659198)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Moran Colin T.  (CIK 0001659198)","filingDate":"2020-12-23","adsh":"0000904454-20-000835"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_CB_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $CB 1 day before a corporate insider (KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011420"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_NVDA_20200611","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)","filingDate":"2020-06-12","adsh":"0001045810-20-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_BEN_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BEN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $BEN 1 day before a corporate insider (HOROWITZ BENJAMIN A  (CIK 0001166586)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BEN","filer":"HOROWITZ BENJAMIN A  (CIK 0001166586)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-020217"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_IT_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $IT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $IT 1 day before a corporate insider (ICONIQ STRATEGIC PARTNERS II-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001619682)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IT","filer":"ICONIQ STRATEGIC PARTNERS II-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001619682)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0000899243-20-008970"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_WFC_20200429","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $WFC 1 day before a corporate insider (CRAVER THEODORE F JR  (CIK 0001187019)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"CRAVER THEODORE F JR  (CIK 0001187019)","filingDate":"2020-04-30","adsh":"0001127602-20-014726"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_PEAK_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PEAK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $PEAK 1 day before a corporate insider (Barnes Michael Gene  (CIK 0001498811)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEAK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEAK","filer":"Barnes Michael Gene  (CIK 0001498811)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001393726-20-000045"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_HUM_20251112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HUM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $HUM 1 day before a corporate insider (RAMASWAMI RAJIV  (CIK 0001483009)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HUM","filer":"RAMASWAMI RAJIV  (CIK 0001483009)","filingDate":"2025-11-13","adsh":"0001193125-25-280417"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_EG_20251118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $EG 1 day before a corporate insider (KOCIANCIC MARK  (CIK 0001835214)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EG","filer":"KOCIANCIC MARK  (CIK 0001835214)","filingDate":"2025-11-19","adsh":"0001628280-25-053206"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_FISV_20251118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FISV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $FISV 1 day before a corporate insider (Best Kenneth  (CIK 0001407947)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FISV","filer":"Best Kenneth  (CIK 0001407947)","filingDate":"2025-11-19","adsh":"0001407947-25-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_SWK_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SWK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $SWK 1 day before a corporate insider (CAMPBELL PATRICK D  (CIK 0001196472)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SWK","filer":"CAMPBELL PATRICK D  (CIK 0001196472)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011517"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_USB_20201222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $USB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $USB 1 day before a corporate insider (McKenney Richard P  (CIK 0001290229)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"McKenney Richard P  (CIK 0001290229)","filingDate":"2020-12-23","adsh":"0001225208-20-015053"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_ATRC_20250506","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ATRC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $ATRC 1 day before a corporate insider (WHITE ROBERT S.  (CIK 0001571208)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATRC","filer":"WHITE ROBERT S.  (CIK 0001571208)","filingDate":"2025-05-07","adsh":"0001323885-25-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_VCYT_20260303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VCYT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $VCYT 1 day before a corporate insider (McGuire Annie  (CIK 0001914620)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VCYT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VCYT","filer":"McGuire Annie  (CIK 0001914620)","filingDate":"2026-03-04","adsh":"0001914620-26-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_ETN_20251118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ETN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $ETN 1 day before a corporate insider (Johnson Gerald  (CIK 0001772226)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"Johnson Gerald  (CIK 0001772226)","filingDate":"2025-11-19","adsh":"0001104659-25-114121"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_SSNC_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SSNC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $SSNC 1 day before a corporate insider (MICHAEL JONATHAN E  (CIK 0001192701)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSNC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSNC","filer":"MICHAEL JONATHAN E  (CIK 0001192701)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023468"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_URI_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $URI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $URI 1 day before a corporate insider (HARKHAM URI P  (CIK 0001051410)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"HARKHAM URI P  (CIK 0001051410)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001567619-20-006772"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_TRGP_20251112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TRGP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $TRGP 1 day before a corporate insider (CRISP CHARLES R  (CIK 0001015825)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRGP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRGP","filer":"CRISP CHARLES R  (CIK 0001015825)","filingDate":"2025-11-13","adsh":"0001193125-25-280262"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_LUV_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LUV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sell $LUV 1 day before a corporate insider (BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC  (BRK-A, BRK-B)  (CIK 0001067983)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LUV","filer":"BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC  (BRK-A, BRK-B)  (CIK 0001067983)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023268"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_JKHY_20251112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JKHY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros buy $JKHY 1 day before a corporate insider (Campbell Curtis A  (CIK 0001757308)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JKHY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JKHY","filer":"Campbell Curtis A  (CIK 0001757308)","filingDate":"2025-11-13","adsh":"0000779152-25-000116"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001123_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+332 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros accumulated 357 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 332 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":332,"totalRaw":357}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118731","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 8 days after a Defense hearing in House Small Business","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-12-10 held a hearing titled \"“From Service to Startup: Empowering Veteran Entrepreneurs.”\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 8 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"118731","title":"“From Service to Startup: Empowering Veteran Entrepreneurs.”","date":"2025-12-10T15:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118731"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118731","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118465","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 12 days after a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services, which on 2025-07-23 held a hearing titled \"Reforming Defense Acquisition to Deliver Capability at the Speed of Relevance\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"118465","title":"Reforming Defense Acquisition to Deliver Capability at the Speed of Relevance","date":"2025-07-23T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118465"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118465","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118370","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NOC 13 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"Army Munition Industrial Base Modernization\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces","eventId":"118370","title":"Army Munition Industrial Base Modernization","date":"2025-06-11T19:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118370"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118370","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118310","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NOC 14 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2026 Budget Request\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"118310","title":"Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2026 Budget Request","date":"2025-06-12T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118310"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118310","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118307","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NOC 12 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services, which on 2025-06-10 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in the Greater Middle East and Africa\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"118307","title":"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in the Greater Middle East and Africa","date":"2025-06-10T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118307"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118307","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118208","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 9 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, which on 2025-05-07 held a hearing titled \"Nuclear Forces and Atomic Energy Defense Activities Programmatic Updates\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","eventId":"118208","title":"Nuclear Forces and Atomic Energy Defense Activities Programmatic Updates","date":"2025-05-07T19:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118208"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118208","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118206","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 8 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness, which on 2025-05-06 held a hearing titled \"Military Readiness for FY26\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness","eventId":"118206","title":"Military Readiness for FY26","date":"2025-05-06T19:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118206"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118206","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118169","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 2 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel, which on 2025-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Military Department Personnel Chiefs: Personnel Posture\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel","eventId":"118169","title":"Military Department Personnel Chiefs: Personnel Posture","date":"2025-04-30T19:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118169"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118169","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118167","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 2 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, which on 2025-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Missile Defense & Missile Defeat Programmatic Updates\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","eventId":"118167","title":"Missile Defense & Missile Defeat Programmatic Updates","date":"2025-04-30T19:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118167"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118167","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_118087","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BA 2 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on House Armed Services, which on 2025-04-01 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"118087","title":"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America","date":"2025-04-01T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118087"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118087","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_337928","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $META 1 day after a Technology hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, which on 2026-01-28 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the Department's cyber force generation plan and the associated implementation plan.\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $META (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","eventId":"337928","title":"Hearings to examine the Department's cyber force generation plan and the associated implementation plan.","date":"2026-01-28T19:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337928"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337928","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_337820","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RTX 2 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, which on 2026-01-06 held a hearing titled \"To receive a closed briefing on Department of Defense cyber operations and readiness for the fourth quarter of Fiscal Year 2025.\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","eventId":"337820","title":"To receive a closed briefing on Department of Defense cyber operations and readiness for the fourth quarter of Fiscal Year 2025.","date":"2026-01-06T19:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337820"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337820","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_337684","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 1 day before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider the nominations of Michael Payne, of Virginia, to be Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, John N…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"337684","title":"Business meeting to consider the nominations of Michael Payne, of Virginia, to be Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, John Noh, of Texas, Timothy Dill, of Ohio, Robert Kadlec, of New York, Maurice Todd, of Florida, Marc Berkowitz, of Virginia, Joseph Jewell, of Indiana, and James Caggy, of New York, each to be an Assistant Secretary, Charles Young III, of West Virginia, to be General Counsel of the Department of the Army, Brendan Rogers, of Connecticut, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Navy, William Lane III, of Virginia, to be General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force, Michael Borders, of Florida, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, and David Beck, of Tennessee, to be Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs, National Nuclear Security Administration, all of the Department of Defense, and 965 nominations in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force.","date":"2025-11-19T05:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337684"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337684","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_337610","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BA 5 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-11-06 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Payne, of Virginia, to be Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, Alexander Velez…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"337610","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Payne, of Virginia, to be Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, Alexander Velez-Green, of Virginia, to be a Deputy Under Secretary, and Timothy Dill, of Ohio, and Maurice Todd, of Florida, both to be an Assistant Secretary, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-11-06T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337610"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337610","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_337318","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LMT 4 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-07-31 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Powers, of Virginia, to be Deputy Under Secretary, Amy Henninger, of Virginia, to be Director…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"337318","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Powers, of Virginia, to be Deputy Under Secretary, Amy Henninger, of Virginia, to be Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, David Denton, Jr., of Virginia, to be General Counsel of the Department of the Navy, and Benjamin Kohlmann, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Navy, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-07-31T13:15:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337318"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337318","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336896","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LMT 3 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-05-01 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Matthew Lohmeier, of Arizona, to be Under Secretary of the Air Force, Justin Overbaugh, of Florida, t…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336896","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Matthew Lohmeier, of Arizona, to be Under Secretary of the Air Force, Justin Overbaugh, of Florida, to be a Deputy Under Secretary, and Daniel Zimmerman, of North Carolina, to be an Assistant Secretary, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-05-01T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336896"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336896","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336884","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 1 day before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-04-29 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Cadenazzi, of Rhode Island, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense, and Scott Pappano, of Pe…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336884","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Cadenazzi, of Rhode Island, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense, and Scott Pappano, of Pennsylvania, to be Principal Deputy Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration.","date":"2025-04-29T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336884"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336884","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336775","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 4 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-04-03 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the posture of the United States European Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorizatio…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 4 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336775","title":"Hearings to examine the posture of the United States European Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for fiscal year 2026 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed hearing in SVC-217.","date":"2025-04-03T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336775"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336775","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336772","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BA 2 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-04-01 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nomination of Lieutenant General John D. Caine (Retired), to be general and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, D…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336772","title":"Hearings to examine the nomination of Lieutenant General John D. Caine (Retired), to be general and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Defense.","date":"2025-04-01T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336772"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336772","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336762","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 3 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-03-27 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Troy Meink, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Duffey, of Virginia, to be Under S…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 3 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336762","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Troy Meink, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Duffey, of Virginia, to be Under Secretary for Acquisition and Sustainment, Emil Michael, of Florida, to be Under Secretary for Research and Engineering, and Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-03-27T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336762"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336762","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336743","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 4 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"Open hearings to examine the United States Strategic Command and United States Space Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request …\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","eventId":"336743","title":"Open hearings to examine the United States Strategic Command and United States Space Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for fiscal year 2026 and Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2025-03-26T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336743"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336743","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336741","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 4 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"An oversight hearing to examine the status of the Military Service Academies.\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel","eventId":"336741","title":"An oversight hearing to examine the status of the Military Service Academies.","date":"2025-03-26T18:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336741"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336741","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336752","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days after a Technology hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, which on 2025-03-25 held a hearing titled \"Closed hearings to examine harnessing artificial intelligence cyber capabilities; to be immediately followed by an open hearing at 3:30 p.m.…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","eventId":"336752","title":"Closed hearings to examine harnessing artificial intelligence cyber capabilities; to be immediately followed by an open hearing at 3:30 p.m. in SR-232A.","date":"2025-03-25T18:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336752"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336752","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336748","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 5 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-03-25 held a hearing titled \"To receive a closed briefing on the Department of Defense strategy on countering unmanned aerial systems.\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336748","title":"To receive a closed briefing on the Department of Defense strategy on countering unmanned aerial systems.","date":"2025-03-25T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336748"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336748","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_336558","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BA 5 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-01-28 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine defense innovation and acquisition reform.\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 5 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336558","title":"Hearings to examine defense innovation and acquisition reform.","date":"2025-01-28T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336558"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336558","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2026-02-04_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GE 6 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 169-word floor speech on 2026-02-04 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, 2026 marks the 100th anniversary of the most famous road in the country, Route 66, and it travels right through the 31st Congressional District in Cali- fornia. Last month, the city of Az…\"). The member sell $GE (a Industrials-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2026-02-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":169,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, 2026 marks the 100th anniversary of the most famous road in the country, Route 66, and it travels right through the 31st Congressional District in Cali- fornia. Last month, the city of Az","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/02/04/172/25/CREC-2026-02-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/02/04/172/25/CREC-2026-02-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2025-12-01_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UPS 13 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 432-word floor speech on 2025-12-01 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. I rise today in support of my bill, the SBA IT Modernization Reporting Act, and I thank the chairman for his sup- port. I also thank Representat…\"). The member buy $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-12-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":432,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. I rise today in support of my bill, the SBA IT Modernization Reporting Act, and I thank the chairman for his sup- port. I also thank Representat","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/01/171/200/CREC-2025-12-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/01/171/200/CREC-2025-12-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2025-11-19_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 1 day before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 169-word floor speech on 2025-11-19 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to recognize an extraordinary military servicemember now serving our public schools. Mr. Kenneth Singleton has dedicated decades of service to our community. From serving in…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-11-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":169,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to recognize an extraordinary military servicemember now serving our public schools. Mr. Kenneth Singleton has dedicated decades of service to our community. From serving in ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/11/19/171/195/CREC-2025-11-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/11/19/171/195/CREC-2025-11-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2025-09-10_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NOC 5 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 244-word floor speech on 2025-09-10 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Chair, I rise in opposition to this amendment. Madam Chair, I thank the gentleman for recognizing me. This highly par- tisan amendment would prevent DOD from contracting with entities that perfo…\"). The member sell $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 5 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-09-10","chamber":"House","wordCount":244,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Chair, I rise in opposition to this amendment. Madam Chair, I thank the gentleman for recognizing me. This highly par- tisan amendment would prevent DOD from contracting with entities that perfo","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/09/10/171/148/CREC-2025-09-10-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/09/10/171/148/CREC-2025-09-10-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2025-05-01_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 233-word floor speech on 2025-05-01 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, Pope Francis led by example. He showed compassion and empathy to all. He re- minded us of our shared humanity, and he treated everyone with dignity and respect. Pope Francis understood wh…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":233,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, Pope Francis led by example. He showed compassion and empathy to all. He re- minded us of our shared humanity, and he treated everyone with dignity and respect. Pope Francis understood wh","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/01/171/73/CREC-2025-05-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/01/171/73/CREC-2025-05-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2025-02-04_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 11 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 713-word floor speech on 2025-02-04 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I origi- nally came to the floor today because I was dismayed by the President’s con- tinued assault on diversity, equity, and inclusion. The Department of Defense, the State Department,…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 11 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-02-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":713,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I origi- nally came to the floor today because I was dismayed by the President’s con- tinued assault on diversity, equity, and inclusion. The Department of Defense, the State Department, ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/04/171/23/CREC-2025-02-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/04/171/23/CREC-2025-02-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2025-01-14_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BA 10 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 246-word floor speech on 2025-01-14 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, my heart goes out to all the Angelenos who have been affected by the wildfires in Los Angeles County. It has been heartbreaking to learn of those who lost their lives and to witness the d…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 10 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-01-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":246,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, my heart goes out to all the Angelenos who have been affected by the wildfires in Los Angeles County. It has been heartbreaking to learn of those who lost their lives and to witness the d","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/01/14/171/7/CREC-2025-01-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/01/14/171/7/CREC-2025-01-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2020-12-08_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RTX 14 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 934-word floor speech on 2020-12-08 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, today I stand here humbled and honored to have had the opportunity to serve the people of California’s 39th District in the 116th Congress. When I was 18, I wanted to serve my country, so…\"). The member buy $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-12-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":934,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, today I stand here humbled and honored to have had the opportunity to serve the people of California’s 39th District in the 116th Congress. When I was 18, I wanted to serve my country, so","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/12/08/166/207/CREC-2020-12-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/12/08/166/207/CREC-2020-12-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2020-09-23_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RTX 7 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 272-word floor speech on 2020-09-23 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of the Com- mander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act. As this month marks National Sui- cide Prevention Awareness Month, I am gratefu…\"). The member sell $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 7 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-09-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":272,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of the Com- mander John Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act. As this month marks National Sui- cide Prevention Awareness Month, I am gratefu","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/09/23/CREC-2020-09-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/09/23/CREC-2020-09-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2020-03-27_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 9 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 211-word floor speech on 2020-03-27 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, our country is in a crisis, and the Amer- ican people are looking to Congress for action and leadership. That is why I stand in support of the CARES Act, which provides our workers, small…\"). The member sell $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 9 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-03-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":211,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, our country is in a crisis, and the Amer- ican people are looking to Congress for action and leadership. That is why I stand in support of the CARES Act, which provides our workers, small","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/27/CREC-2020-03-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/27/CREC-2020-03-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2020-03-05_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MMM 13 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 365-word floor speech on 2020-03-05 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I want to thank my colleague, Mr. THOMPSON, for his steadfast leadership on this critical issue and for working with me to en- sure that this amendment be made in order. Mr. Chair, I rise t…\"). The member sell $MMM (a Industrials-sector stock) 13 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-03-05","chamber":"House","wordCount":365,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I want to thank my colleague, Mr. THOMPSON, for his steadfast leadership on this critical issue and for working with me to en- sure that this amendment be made in order. Mr. Chair, I rise t","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/05/166/44/CREC-2020-03-05-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/05/166/44/CREC-2020-03-05-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2020-01-09_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 29 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 211-word floor speech on 2020-01-09 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in defense of our Constitution and express the urgent need of Con- gress to reestablish itself as an equal branch of government. Our Founders explicitly laid out the roles an…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 29 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":211,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in defense of our Constitution and express the urgent need of Con- gress to reestablish itself as an equal branch of government. Our Founders explicitly laid out the roles an","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/09/166/5/CREC-2020-01-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/09/166/5/CREC-2020-01-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2019-07-23_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNH 22 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 363-word floor speech on 2019-07-23 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank Chairman TAKANO for his leader- ship on this issue and for working with me to ensure this bill passed out of committee on a bipartisan basis. I also thank the gentleman from Flo…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 22 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-07-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":363,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank Chairman TAKANO for his leader- ship on this issue and for working with me to ensure this bill passed out of committee on a bipartisan basis. I also thank the gentleman from Flo","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/23/CREC-2019-07-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/23/CREC-2019-07-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2019-07-23_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 22 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 358-word floor speech on 2019-07-23 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank the chairman for yielding, and I again want to thank the gentleman from Florida for his support on this bill as well. Madam Speaker, I want to thank Chairman TAKANO and Ranking…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 22 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-07-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":358,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank the chairman for yielding, and I again want to thank the gentleman from Florida for his support on this bill as well. Madam Speaker, I want to thank Chairman TAKANO and Ranking ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/23/CREC-2019-07-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/23/CREC-2019-07-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2019-07-15_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 30 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 825-word floor speech on 2019-07-15 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, last week, we passed a National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2020. Working with my colleagues for over 20 hours on the House Armed Services Committee to mark up this bill in…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 30 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-07-15","chamber":"House","wordCount":825,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, last week, we passed a National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2020. Working with my colleagues for over 20 hours on the House Armed Services Committee to mark up this bill in ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/15/165/118/CREC-2019-07-15-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/15/165/118/CREC-2019-07-15-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2019-04-02_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CVS 19 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 207-word floor speech on 2019-04-02 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, healthcare is a right, not a privilege. Unfortunately, I know all too well what it is like to have family members without healthcare coverage. My mother went 15 years without health insur…\"). The member sell $CVS (a Healthcare-sector stock) 19 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-04-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":207,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, healthcare is a right, not a privilege. Unfortunately, I know all too well what it is like to have family members without healthcare coverage. My mother went 15 years without health insur","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/02/165/57/CREC-2019-04-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/02/165/57/CREC-2019-04-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2019-03-28_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 14 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 376-word floor speech on 2019-03-28 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I want to thank Mr. KENNEDY for his leader- ship on this issue and the members and staff on the House Armed Services Committee for helping bring this im- portant resolution to the House f…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-03-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":376,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I want to thank Mr. KENNEDY for his leader- ship on this issue and the members and staff on the House Armed Services Committee for helping bring this im- portant resolution to the House f","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/28/165/54/CREC-2019-03-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/28/165/54/CREC-2019-03-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2019-03-26_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 12 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 1173-word floor speech on 2019-03-26 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Com- mittee on Armed Services be dis- charged from further consideration of the bill (S. 252) to authorize the hon- orary appointment of Robert J. Dole…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-03-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":1173,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Com- mittee on Armed Services be dis- charged from further consideration of the bill (S. 252) to authorize the hon- orary appointment of Robert J. Dole ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/26/165/52/CREC-2019-03-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/26/165/52/CREC-2019-03-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001123_2019-02-26_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 16 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros delivered a 202-word floor speech on 2019-02-26 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, this emergency declaration unconstitution- ally attempts to override Congress. The Constitution clearly grants Con- gress the power of the purse. This dec- laration took place after weeks…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 16 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-02-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":202,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, this emergency declaration unconstitution- ally attempts to override Congress. The Constitution clearly grants Con- gress the power of the purse. This dec- laration took place after weeks","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/02/26/CREC-2019-02-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/02/26/CREC-2019-02-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_C001123","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$76K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 79% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros received $76,216.51 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($60,297.14 = 79%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":76216.51000000001,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2018":7755.719999999999,"2020":65254.36000000001,"2022":22150.030000000002},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":60297.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":8608.75,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3206.4300000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005418","name":"CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFT, AFL-CIO","support":2595.34,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005418/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":875.89,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P65_C001123_2020-03-12","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"169 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-03-12 — 165 unique tickers","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros executed 169 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-03-12 to 2020-03-18), spanning 165 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-03-12","windowEnd":"2020-03-18","tradeCount":169,"uniqueTickers":165,"totalDisclosedTrades":2270,"sampleTickers":["NKE","BKNG","DIS","ATVI","EXAS","BABA","ALGN","NCLH","LH","HIG"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001123","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 24 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 218 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros appears in 24 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 218 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 24 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing proximity trade (50); trade near vote (26); coordinated trade cluster (26); insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":24,"totalFindings":218,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":50},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":19},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":8},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001123","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_C001123","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros's campaign paid $7,627,611 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: CISNEROS, GIL ($7,621,811)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 19 payments totaling $7,627,611 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CISNEROS, GIL ($7,621,811 across 18 payments, services: LOAN FORGIVEN · LEGAL CONSULTING · PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":7627610.5600000005,"paymentCount":19,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CISNEROS, GIL","total":7621810.5600000005,"count":18,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN","LEGAL CONSULTING","PRINTING"]},{"payee":"JESSICA CISNEROS CONTRIBUTIONS","total":5800,"count":1,"descriptions":["CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION EARMARKED"]}],"surname":"cisneros"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CA39174&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P139_C001123","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros filed 964 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 371 distinct tickers, 609 buys, 355 sells","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros filed 964 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 609 were buy transactions and 355 were sells, spanning 371 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":964,"distinctTickers":371,"buys":609,"sells":355,"sampleTickers":["LPLA","FN","FLEX","FSV","BABAF","DASH","VIAV","SARO","MTSI","SCHW","AEIS","AVGO"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_C001123","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros disclosed 6 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY TSM $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros has filed 6 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY TSM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-09 · BUY WBI $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-11-11 · BUY SPY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-09-09 · SELL AAPL $250,001 - $500,000 on 2019-02-11.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":6,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":900006,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"TSM","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-09","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"WBI","action":"BUY","date":"2025-11-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","action":"BUY","date":"2020-09-09","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","date":"2019-02-11","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","date":"2019-02-08","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","date":"2019-01-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_C001123","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros executed 74 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY DASH (5d apart)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros has 74 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY DASH 2026-03-13 → 2026-03-18 (5d) · BUY→SELL DASH 2026-03-18 → 2026-03-18 (0d) · SELL→BUY DASH 2026-03-18 → 2026-03-27 (9d) · SELL→BUY MTSI 2019-12-30 → 2020-01-29 (30d) · BUY→SELL MTSI 2026-03-03 → 2026-03-27 (24d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":74,"samples":[{"ticker":"DASH","days":5,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-03-13","date2":"2026-03-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DASH","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-03-18","date2":"2026-03-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DASH","days":9,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-03-18","date2":"2026-03-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MTSI","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-12-30","date2":"2020-01-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MTSI","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-03-03","date2":"2026-03-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SCHW","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-12-10","date2":"2026-01-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AEIS","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-03-03","date2":"2026-03-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AVGO","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-01-29","date2":"2025-01-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_C001123","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros triggers 69 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros accumulates 69 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":69,"distinctDetectorTypes":29}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_C001123","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros triggers 30 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros accumulates findings across 30 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 30 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":30,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P5","P6","P7","P9","P10","P17","P18","P19","P20","P22","P24","P33","P35","P36","P40","P37","P42","P43","P48","P49","P58","P65","P78","P90","P139","P140","P141","P149"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_C001123","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($2.1M combined receipts)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $2.1M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: MGG PAC (C00817239) · ELECT DEMS NOW PAC (C00880062).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.09,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00817239","cmteName":"MGG PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00880062","cmteName":"ELECT DEMS NOW PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817239/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00880062/"]},{"id":"P178_C001123_2020-03-18","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros — 160 trades on 2020-03-18","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros disclosed 160 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-03-18). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-03-18","count":160}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001123","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (2268/2270)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":2270,"atBracket":2268,"pct":"99.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001123","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros — 673 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros has traded 673 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":673,"sample":["LPLA","FN","FLEX","FSV","BABAF","DASH","VIAV","SARO","MTSI","SCHW"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001123_GDDY","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros — 26 disclosed trades in single ticker GDDY","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros traded GDDY on 26 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the GDDY trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"GDDY","count":26}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_C001123","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gilbert Cisneros — 10 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros has traded 10 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":10,"tickers":["DASH","PLTR","UBER","SQ","DDOG","CRWD","HOOD","COIN","RBLX","ABNB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P48_C001123_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+25 more P48 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Gilbert Cisneros accumulated 50 P48 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 25 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 25 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P48","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":25,"totalRaw":50,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":25}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001123"]}],"G000583":[{"id":"P1_G000583_geej69","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 0d BEFORE S. 4213 — \"Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act of 2…\" · sponsor D-IL","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of S. 4213 \"Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act of 2026\", sponsored by Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-25","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S. 4213","title":"Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act of 2026","introducedDate":"2026-03-25","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL]","sponsorBioguide":"D000563","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"IL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S.%204213"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_geej69","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 0d BEFORE S. 4213 — \"Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act of 2…\" · sponsor D-IL","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of S. 4213 \"Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act of 2026\", sponsored by Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-25","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S. 4213","title":"Data Center Water and Energy Transparency Act of 2026","introducedDate":"2026-03-25","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL]","sponsorBioguide":"D000563","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"IL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S.%204213"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_ishuux","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL FIS 0d BEFORE S 2861 — \"Protecting the USMCA from Harmful Chinese Investme…\"","explanation":"Member traded FIS (Finance) within 0 days of S 2861 \"Protecting the USMCA from Harmful Chinese Investment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2025-11-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2861","title":"Protecting the USMCA from Harmful Chinese Investment Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202861"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_958ivx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 1234 — \"To direct the Librarian of Congress to promote the…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1234 \"To direct the Librarian of Congress to promote the more cost-effective, efficien\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-04-04","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1234","title":"To direct the Librarian of Congress to promote the more cost-effective, efficient, and expanded availability of the Anno","introducedDate":"2025-04-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201234"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_9tn1f7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 4d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 4 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_9tn1f7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 4d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 4 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_9tn1f7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 4d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 4 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_9tn1f7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 4d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 4 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_9tn1f7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 4d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 4 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_zzjbi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MRK 1d BEFORE HR 8539 — \"Agricultural Biotechnology Coordination Act of 202…\"","explanation":"Member traded MRK (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 8539 \"Agricultural Biotechnology Coordination Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-01-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8539","title":"Agricultural Biotechnology Coordination Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-01-28","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208539"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_q3mak8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 1d BEFORE HR 827 — \"Home Internet Accessibility Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of HR 827 \"Home Internet Accessibility Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-12-20","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 827","title":"Home Internet Accessibility Act","introducedDate":"2024-12-21","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20827"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_q3mak8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 1d BEFORE HR 827 — \"Home Internet Accessibility Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of HR 827 \"Home Internet Accessibility Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-12-20","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 827","title":"Home Internet Accessibility Act","introducedDate":"2024-12-21","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20827"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_8d16tq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 3d BEFORE HR 7450 — \"Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 3 days of HR 7450 \"Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-11-19","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7450","title":"Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-22","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207450"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_8d16tq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 3d BEFORE HR 7450 — \"Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 3 days of HR 7450 \"Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-11-19","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7450","title":"Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-22","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207450"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_8g8twj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 4d after HR 5058 — \"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials fr…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 4 days of HR 5058 \"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials from Authoritarians Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-10-02","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5058","title":"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials from Authoritarians Act","introducedDate":"2024-09-28","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205058"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_7gt5l7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 4d after HR 5058 — \"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials fr…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 4 days of HR 5058 \"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials from Authoritarians Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-10-02","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5058","title":"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials from Authoritarians Act","introducedDate":"2024-09-28","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205058"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_5wcufc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 2d BEFORE HR 4223 — \"National AI Commission Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 2 days of HR 4223 \"National AI Commission Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-08-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4223","title":"National AI Commission Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-14","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204223"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_5wcufc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 2d BEFORE HR 4223 — \"National AI Commission Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 2 days of HR 4223 \"National AI Commission Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-08-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4223","title":"National AI Commission Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-14","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204223"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_amzra6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 6d BEFORE HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-05-14","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":-6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_amzra6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 6d BEFORE HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-05-14","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":-6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_2mes","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 6d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 6 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-13","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_2mes","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 6d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 6 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-13","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_2mes","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 6d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 6 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-13","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_2mes","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 6d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 6 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-13","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_eogwmt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 5d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 5 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-12","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":5,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_eogwmt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 5d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 5 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-12","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":5,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_eogwmt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 5d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 5 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-12","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":5,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_eogwmt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 5d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 5 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-12","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":5,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P4_G000583_Telecom","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom trades filed 90d late on avg — overall avg only 42d","explanation":"In Telecom (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 90.0 days — versus 42.3 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":28,"avgGap":90},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":1878,"avgGap":42},{"source":"pac","sector":"Telecom","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_G000583_Energy","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy trades filed 56d late on avg — overall avg only 42d","explanation":"In Energy (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 56.1 days — versus 42.3 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":87,"avgGap":56},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":1878,"avgGap":42},{"source":"pac","sector":"Energy","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_G000583_Transportation","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Transportation trades filed 59d late on avg — overall avg only 42d","explanation":"In Transportation (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 59.0 days — versus 42.3 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Transportation","count":58,"avgGap":59},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":1878,"avgGap":42},{"source":"pac","sector":"Transportation","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_G000583_Defense","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Defense trades filed 60d late on avg — overall avg only 42d","explanation":"In Defense (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 60.1 days — versus 42.3 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":28,"avgGap":60},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":1878,"avgGap":42},{"source":"pac","sector":"Defense","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_G000583_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Agriculture trades filed 107d late on avg — overall avg only 42d","explanation":"In Agriculture (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 107.5 days — versus 42.3 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Agriculture","count":30,"avgGap":107},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":1878,"avgGap":42},{"source":"pac","sector":"Agriculture","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_G000583_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,880,217 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,880,217 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1880217.12,"oppose":0,"events":15},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_G000583_ucl9o7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$388,442 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NO LABELS ACTION, INC.","explanation":"NO LABELS ACTION, INC. spent $388,442 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00680983","name":"NO LABELS ACTION, INC.","support":388441.9100000001,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680983/"]},{"id":"P7_G000583_mguthk","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,990,181 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,990,181 opposing this member across 107 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5990180.61,"totalSupport":3091733.980000001,"events":107,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":5413629},{"name":"OHIO FAMILIES UNITED","oppose":525551.6100000001},{"name":"Campaign for American Principles","oppose":30000},{"name":"LV STRONG","oppose":21000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000583_6bplo4","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,752 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $92,752 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":92751.81,"oppose":0,"net":92751.81,"events":21,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":67862.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":24888.94,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000583_eskl82","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,343,340 / spent $2,553,604","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00652164","cmteName":"JERSEY VALUES PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":291200.2,"totalDisbursements":192526.7,"cashOnHand":98673.47},{"cmteId":"C00652164","cmteName":"JERSEY VALUES PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":615819.8,"totalDisbursements":594912,"cashOnHand":119581.22},{"cmteId":"C00652164","cmteName":"JERSEY VALUES PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":987811.8,"totalDisbursements":793886.9,"cashOnHand":313506.09},{"cmteId":"C00652164","cmteName":"JERSEY VALUES PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":1136652.9,"totalDisbursements":795304.2,"cashOnHand":654854.77},{"cmteId":"C00652164","cmteName":"JERSEY VALUES PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":311855.6,"totalDisbursements":176973.8,"cashOnHand":789736.57}],"totalRaised":3343340.3000000003,"totalSpent":2553603.5999999996}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000583_7btfnm","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $29,795,385 in itemized individual contributions, $20,644,750 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":29795385,"buckets":{"$200 and under":20640,"$200.01-$499":989504,"$500-$999":2664703,"$1000-$1999":5475788,"$2000 and over":20644750},"megaShare":69.3,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000583_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5219 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,720,863 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5219× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,720,863; 1532× SELF EMPLOYED = $1,465,851. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":5219,"total":3720863,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":1532,"total":1465851,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000583_66dglu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$363,601 donation spike on 2021-01-21 — 16.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-01-21 this committee recorded $363,601 across 170 contributions — 16.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,434.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573949","date":"2021-01-21","amount":363601,"count":170,"baseline":22434,"ratio":16.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573949/"]},{"id":"P15_G000583_66hxhw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,758 donation spike on 2021-08-19 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-19 this committee recorded $124,758 across 145 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,633.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573949","date":"2021-08-19","amount":124758,"count":145,"baseline":10633,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573949/"]},{"id":"P15_G000583_yymtmb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,935 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $96,935 across 115 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,330.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573949","date":"2015-09-30","amount":96935,"count":115,"baseline":9330,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573949/"]},{"id":"P15_G000583_zhevd4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,450 donation spike on 2023-10-01 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-10-01 this committee recorded $95,450 across 40 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,987.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573949","date":"2023-10-01","amount":95450,"count":40,"baseline":15987,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573949/"]},{"id":"P15_G000583_8hvpp5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,396 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $91,396 across 93 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,879.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573949","date":"2020-09-30","amount":91396,"count":93,"baseline":12879,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573949/"]},{"id":"P17_G000583_CACI_2020-03-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CACI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-23 and 2020-03-26, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on CACI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CACI","date":"2020-03-23","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CACI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-03-23 to 2020-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_FIS_2022-12-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-12-01 and 2022-12-06, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on FIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2022-12-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2022-12-01 to 2022-12-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_FIS_2023-01-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-05 and 2023-01-11, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on FIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2023-01-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2023-01-05 to 2023-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_BLK_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_AVGO_2024-06-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-06-24 and 2024-07-01, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2024-06-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2024-06-24 to 2024-07-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_AVGO_2024-06-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-06-28 and 2024-07-05, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2024-06-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2024-06-28 to 2024-07-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_AVGO_2025-06-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-20 and 2025-06-25, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2025-06-20 to 2025-06-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_LLY_2023-09-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-12 and 2023-09-13, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-09-12 to 2023-09-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_LLY_2023-09-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-20 and 2023-09-26, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"}],"span":"2023-09-20 to 2023-09-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_GD_2019-03-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-25 and 2019-04-01, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on GD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2019-03-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2019-03-25 to 2019-04-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_AVGO_2025-01-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-28 and 2025-01-30, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-01-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-01-28 to 2025-01-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_CMCSA_2017-10-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-10 and 2017-10-13, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2017-10-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001107","name":"Carlos Curbelo"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"}],"span":"2017-10-10 to 2017-10-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_GE_2018-01-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-01-18 and 2018-01-22, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-01-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"}],"span":"2018-01-18 to 2018-01-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_NSC_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NSC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 4 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on NSC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NSC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_NSC_2025-04-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NSC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-09 and 2025-04-15, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on NSC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2025-04-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NSC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-09 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_UPS_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UPS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-14, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UPS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UPS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_AAGIY_2019-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AAGIY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-08 and 2019-04-09, 3 members took the same direction on AAGIY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAGIY","date":"2019-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAGIY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-08 to 2019-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_PM_2018-12-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-10 and 2018-12-17, 4 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"}],"span":"2018-12-10 to 2018-12-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_PM_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-19, 4 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_NPSNY_2019-01-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NPSNY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-30 and 2019-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on NPSNY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NPSNY","date":"2019-01-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NPSNY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-30 to 2019-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_DEO_2025-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-18 and 2025-03-24, 4 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001325","name":"Sheri Biggs"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"W000830","name":"George Whitesides"}],"span":"2025-03-18 to 2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_DEO_2025-03-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-19 and 2025-03-24, 3 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"W000830","name":"George Whitesides"}],"span":"2025-03-19 to 2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_DEO_2025-09-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-22 and 2025-09-25, 3 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-09-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-09-22 to 2025-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_RDS.B_2019-03-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-11 and 2019-03-18, 3 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"}],"span":"2019-03-11 to 2019-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000583_RDS.B_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-25, 4 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000583_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"838 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Josh Gottheimer executed 838 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2026-03-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2026-02-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Comprehensive Fishery Management Plans for Puerto Rico, St. Croix, and St. Thomas and St. John; Correction","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Comprehensive Fishery Management Plans for Puerto Rico, St. Croix, and St. Thomas and St. John; Correction","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000583_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"181 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Josh Gottheimer executed 181 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2026-02-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2026-01-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWTX","date":"2025-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-06-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Updates to the Master List of Items Potentially Subject to Face to Face Encounter and Written Order Pr","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2026-01-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fourth Temporary Extension of COVID-19 Telemedicine Flexibilities for Prescription of Controlled Medications","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-12-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000583_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"67 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Josh Gottheimer executed 67 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2026-02-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LNG","date":"2025-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-06-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; ATR-GIE Avions de Transport Régional Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-01-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; ATR-GIE Avions de Transport Régional Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-01-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000583_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"153 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Josh Gottheimer executed 153 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2026-01-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","date":"2025-11-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":5,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2025-11-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":5,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2025-10-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delegation of Authority to the Director of the Division of Investment Management","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-12-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000583_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"35 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Josh Gottheimer executed 35 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-06-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-05-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-9,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-02-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-01-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000583_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Josh Gottheimer executed 17 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-04-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2025-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2025-02-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2025-01-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000583_9drj5g","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Gottheimer campaign paid $4,368,024 to 36 surname-matched vendors, top: DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer's campaign paid 185 disbursements totaling $4,368,024 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","total":2280349.6000000006,"count":45,"samples":[{"payee":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","amount":291115.34,"date":"2021-01-04","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","amount":113084.26,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","amount":92268.5,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COHEN MILSTEIN HAUSFELD AND TOLL PLLC","total":307659,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"COHEN MILSTEIN HAUSFELD AND TOLL PLLC","amount":307659,"date":"2019-11-21","description":"LEGAL AND AUDIT CONSULTING, LEGAL ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","total":166155.06,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-08-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-07-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2004-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COHEN, DAVID","total":162873.23,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COHEN, DAVID","amount":70931.95,"date":"2024-12-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COHEN, DAVID","amount":33668.99,"date":"2021-12-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COHEN, DAVID","amount":33272.29,"date":"2021-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","total":158643.75,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-01-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-04-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2003-06-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COHEN & COMPANY","total":142207,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"COHEN & COMPANY","amount":142207,"date":"2016-12-30","description":"IN-KIND - ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DENTONS%20COHEN%20%26%20GRIGSBY%20PC"]},{"id":"P22_G000583_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Josh Gottheimer cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NET","date":"2026-02-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":15,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-02-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":13,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2026-01-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":10,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2026-01-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":10,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_G000583_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Josh Gottheimer cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2026-01-26","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":4,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_G000583_odnquv","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"209 trades in MSFT (Technology) — 6% of this member's 3396 total trades","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"MSFT","count":209,"buys":97,"sells":112,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2018-02-06","lastDate":"2026-03-25"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AAPL","count":76,"buys":35,"sells":41,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2017-05-01","lastDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"TSLA","count":61,"buys":27,"sells":34,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2019-10-28","lastDate":"2025-06-05"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"GOOG","count":61,"buys":28,"sells":33,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2018-02-16","lastDate":"2025-05-08"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"LLY","count":44,"buys":18,"sells":26,"sector":"Pharma","firstDate":"2018-02-07","lastDate":"2025-05-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_G000583_Finance","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"77% of PAC dollars ($1,508,958) come from Finance industry","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Finance issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Finance","amount":1508957.85,"share":76.6,"totalPAC":1970756.61,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":1508957.85,"share":76.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":173685.53,"share":8.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":64700,"share":3.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":50000,"share":2.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000583","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 distinct pattern types firing; 3 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology + 2 more)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer has findings in 15 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 3 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":15,"totalFindings":148,"highSeverityCount":28,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_G000583_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+11 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 36 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 11 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 11 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":11,"totalRaw":36,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":11,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000583"]},{"id":"P17_G000583_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+59 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 84 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 59 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 59 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":59,"totalRaw":84,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":59,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000583"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 28 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000583"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 28 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000583"]},{"id":"P40_G000583_BIIB_20210923","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in BIIB 8 days before SEC action","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sold BIIB within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2021-09-23","title":"Biogenic, Inc., Diagnostic Link Ltd, LLC, Vital Systems Ltd LLC, BioTek Holdings LLC, Tek Wellness Inc., Capital Care Management LLC, Susann Ashley Cargnino a/k/a Susann Ashley Walker a/k/a Ashley Walker, Zachari Alan Cargnino a/k/a Zach Alan, Julie Ann Yousse","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25217"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-15","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25217"]},{"id":"P40_G000583_TGT_20180901","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in TGT 15 days before FTC action","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sold TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2018-09-01","title":"FTC Brings First-ever Action Targeting “iV Cocktail” Therapy Marketer","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2018/09/ftc-brings-first-ever-action-targeting-iv-cocktail-therapy-marketer"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-17","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2018/09/ftc-brings-first-ever-action-targeting-iv-cocktail-therapy-marketer"]},{"id":"P40_G000583_MSFT_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 trades in MSFT 17 days before FTC action","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sold MSFT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Will Require Microsoft to Pay $20 million over Charges it Illegally Collected Personal Information from Children without Their Parents’ Consent","penalty":20000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-30","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-16","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-16","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-15","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-15","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-15","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"]},{"id":"P40_G000583_MA_20230501","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in MA 21 days before FTC action","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sold MA within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-05-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Requiring Mastercard to Stop Blocking the Use of Competing Debit Payment Networks","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-approves-final-order-requiring-mastercard-stop-blocking-use-competing-debit-payment-networks"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-approves-final-order-requiring-mastercard-stop-blocking-use-competing-debit-payment-networks"]},{"id":"P41_G000583_sjres-104_MSFT_20260325","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-104","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-104. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-104","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAP-SJR104.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-03","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAP-SJR104.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_G000583_sjres-104_MSFT_20260325","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-104","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-104. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-104","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAP-SJR104.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-03","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAP-SJR104.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_G000583_hconres-38_MSFT_20260325","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-38","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-38. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-38","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAP-HConRes38.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-03","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAP-HConRes38.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_G000583_hconres-38_MSFT_20260325","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-38","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-38. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-38","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAP-HConRes38.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-03","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAP-HConRes38.pdf"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20260325","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2026-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20260325","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2026-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20250404","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-04","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20250214","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-14","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20250214","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-14","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20250214","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-14","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20250214","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-14","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20250214","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-14","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20241220","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-20","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20241220","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2024-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-20","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20241119","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2024-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-19","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20241119","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-19","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240514","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q2 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-14","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240514","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2024-Q2 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-14","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240213","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240213","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240213","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240213","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240212","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-12","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240212","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-12","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240212","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-12","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20240212","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-12","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20231114","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2023-Q4 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-14","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20231114","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2023-Q4 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-14","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20231114","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2023-Q4 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a sell in MSFT during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-14","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_MSFT_20231114","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2023-Q4 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed a buy in MSFT during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-14","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P38_G000583_Technology_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology PACs gave $5K in 2020 — 1.5× baseline — after 42-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 42 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $5,000 — 1.5× the member's all-cycle baseline of $3,417/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":42},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Technology","amount":5000,"baseline":3417,"ratio":"1.5"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_G000583_Finance_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Finance PACs gave $118K in 2022 — 2.0× baseline — after 25-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 25 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $118,300 — 2.0× the member's all-cycle baseline of $59,333/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":25},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Finance","amount":118300,"baseline":59333,"ratio":"2.0"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_G000583_Healthcare_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $20K in 2022 — 16.2× baseline — after 24-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 24 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $20,000 — 16.2× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,233/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":24},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":20000,"baseline":1233,"ratio":"16.2"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_G000583_Technology_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology PACs gave $6K in 2022 — 1.8× baseline — after 133-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 133 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $6,000 — 1.8× the member's all-cycle baseline of $3,333/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":133},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Technology","amount":6000,"baseline":3333,"ratio":"1.8"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_G000583_Healthcare_2022","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $11K in 2024 — 1.6× baseline — after 36-trade concentration in 2022","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 36 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2022 cycle. In the following cycle (2024), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $10,850 — 1.6× the member's all-cycle baseline of $6,667/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2022","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":36},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2024,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":10850,"baseline":6667,"ratio":"1.6"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_G000583_Finance_2022","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Finance PACs gave $115K in 2024 — 1.3× baseline — after 17-trade concentration in 2022","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 17 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2022 cycle. In the following cycle (2024), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $115,400 — 1.3× the member's all-cycle baseline of $87,100/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2022","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":17},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2024,"sector":"Finance","amount":115400,"baseline":87100,"ratio":"1.3"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_G000583_BRK.B_20210624","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BRK.B 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $BRK.B 1 day after a corporate insider (Abel Gregory  (CIK 0001646348)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRK.B","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BRK.B","filer":"Abel Gregory  (CIK 0001646348)","filingDate":"2021-06-23","adsh":"0001081316-21-000023","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_ICE_20251016","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ICE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $ICE 1 day after a corporate insider (Dines Daniel  (CIK 0001855767)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ICE","filer":"Dines Daniel  (CIK 0001855767)","filingDate":"2025-10-15","adsh":"0001855767-25-000021","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_BKNG_20250305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BKNG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $BKNG 1 day after a corporate insider (Hopeman Wei  (CIK 0001776734)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"Hopeman Wei  (CIK 0001776734)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001415889-25-006632","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_BKNG_20240209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BKNG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $BKNG 1 day after a corporate insider (Vojvodich Radakovich Lynn  (CIK 0001662205)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"Vojvodich Radakovich Lynn  (CIK 0001662205)","filingDate":"2024-02-08","adsh":"0001415889-24-003029","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_TTD_20200605","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TTD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $TTD 1 day after a corporate insider (VOBEJDA SUSAN  (CIK 0001755875)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TTD","filer":"VOBEJDA SUSAN  (CIK 0001755875)","filingDate":"2020-06-04","adsh":"0001209191-20-034555","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_CRM_20231201","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $CRM 1 day after a corporate insider (Niederst Lori A  (CIK 0001691371)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Niederst Lori A  (CIK 0001691371)","filingDate":"2023-11-30","adsh":"0001127602-23-028443","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_CRM_20200925","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $CRM 1 day after a corporate insider (Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)","filingDate":"2020-09-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-025708","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_KKR_20241119","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KKR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $KKR 1 day after a corporate insider (KRAVIS HENRY R  (CIK 0001081714)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KKR","filer":"KRAVIS HENRY R  (CIK 0001081714)","filingDate":"2024-11-18","adsh":"0001140361-24-047228","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_BSX_20200227","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BSX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $BSX 1 day after a corporate insider (Eddy Jodi Euerle  (CIK 0001734900)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Eddy Jodi Euerle  (CIK 0001734900)","filingDate":"2020-02-26","adsh":"0001225208-20-003563","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_UBER_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $UBER 1 day after a corporate insider (Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0001562180-25-003844","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_GOOG_20230127","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2023-01-26","adsh":"0001209191-23-005130","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_GOOG_20221027","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-10-26","adsh":"0001209191-22-054677","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_GOOG_20220727","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-07-26","adsh":"0001209191-22-043227","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_GOOG_20200430","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2020-04-29","adsh":"0001209191-20-026228","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_EL_20201113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $EL 1 day after a corporate insider (Hunt Holdings Limited Partnership  (CIK 0001788338)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"Hunt Holdings Limited Partnership  (CIK 0001788338)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0000950142-20-002506","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_DXCM_20200813","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DXCM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $DXCM 1 day after a corporate insider (Selvaraj Shelly Ramasamy  (CIK 0001805707)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"Selvaraj Shelly Ramasamy  (CIK 0001805707)","filingDate":"2020-08-12","adsh":"0001093557-20-000223","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_AMZN_20200226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0000899243-20-005753","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_ABBV_20250403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABBV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $ABBV 1 day after a corporate insider (GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001415889-25-009688","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_ABBV_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABBV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $ABBV 1 day after a corporate insider (Strom Carrie C  (CIK 0001811896)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"Strom Carrie C  (CIK 0001811896)","filingDate":"2022-03-07","adsh":"0001179110-22-002018","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_BX_20221021","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $BX 1 day after a corporate insider (BMA VI L.L.C.  (CIK 0001556083)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"BMA VI L.L.C.  (CIK 0001556083)","filingDate":"2022-10-20","adsh":"0000899243-22-033892","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_FB_20200804","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $FB 1 day after a corporate insider (Clark Agenia  (CIK 0001632394)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Clark Agenia  (CIK 0001632394)","filingDate":"2020-08-03","adsh":"0001649749-20-000145","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_DASH_20250313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DASH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $DASH 1 day after a corporate insider (FOGELSONG NORMAN A  (CIK 0001140932)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DASH","filer":"FOGELSONG NORMAN A  (CIK 0001140932)","filingDate":"2025-03-12","adsh":"0001415889-25-007884","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_LIN_20240621","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LIN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $LIN 1 day after a corporate insider (DCM IV L P  (CIK 0001292877)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"DCM IV L P  (CIK 0001292877)","filingDate":"2024-06-20","adsh":"0001857816-24-000162","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_NVDA_20250624","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (Teter Timothy S.  (CIK 0001696841)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Teter Timothy S.  (CIK 0001696841)","filingDate":"2025-06-23","adsh":"0001045810-25-000138","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_BEN_20220126","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BEN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $BEN 1 day after a corporate insider (PALMER BEN M  (CIK 0001130208)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BEN","filer":"PALMER BEN M  (CIK 0001130208)","filingDate":"2022-01-25","adsh":"0001654954-22-000762","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000583_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+203 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 228 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 203 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":203,"totalRaw":228}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_BKNG_20250305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BKNG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $BKNG 1 day before a corporate insider (D'Emic Susana  (CIK 0001518367)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"D'Emic Susana  (CIK 0001518367)","filingDate":"2025-03-06","adsh":"0001415889-25-007216"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_AMGN_20230501","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMGN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $AMGN 1 day before a corporate insider (Santos Esteban  (CIK 0001677950)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"Santos Esteban  (CIK 0001677950)","filingDate":"2023-05-02","adsh":"0001127602-23-014158"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_KO_20220308","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $KO 1 day before a corporate insider (Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)","filingDate":"2022-03-09","adsh":"0001209191-22-017705"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_TTD_20250911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TTD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $TTD 1 day before a corporate insider (Cunningham Andrea Lee  (CIK 0001903152)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TTD","filer":"Cunningham Andrea Lee  (CIK 0001903152)","filingDate":"2025-09-12","adsh":"0001671933-25-000127"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_CRM_20221017","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $CRM 1 day before a corporate insider (Niederst Lori A  (CIK 0001691371)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Niederst Lori A  (CIK 0001691371)","filingDate":"2022-10-18","adsh":"0001127602-22-024053"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_LRCX_20211108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LRCX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $LRCX 1 day before a corporate insider (Vahedi Vahid  (CIK 0001707826)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Vahedi Vahid  (CIK 0001707826)","filingDate":"2021-11-09","adsh":"0000707549-21-000164"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_LRCX_20210331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LRCX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $LRCX 1 day before a corporate insider (Bettinger Douglas R  (CIK 0001469469)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Bettinger Douglas R  (CIK 0001469469)","filingDate":"2021-04-01","adsh":"0000707549-21-000080"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_SCHW_20210901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SCHW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $SCHW 1 day before a corporate insider (Schwab Charles R.  (CIK 0000923738)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Schwab Charles R.  (CIK 0000923738)","filingDate":"2021-09-02","adsh":"0001225208-21-011990"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_HCA_20231113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HCA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $HCA 1 day before a corporate insider (Billington Phillip G  (CIK 0001763843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HCA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HCA","filer":"Billington Phillip G  (CIK 0001763843)","filingDate":"2023-11-14","adsh":"0001209191-23-055220"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_UBER_20230718","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UBER 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $UBER 1 day before a corporate insider (KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)","filingDate":"2023-07-19","adsh":"0001562180-23-005982"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_MSFT_20260202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (PETERSON SANDRA E  (CIK 0001192752)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PETERSON SANDRA E  (CIK 0001192752)","filingDate":"2026-02-03","adsh":"0000789019-26-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_MSFT_20250521","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)","filingDate":"2025-05-22","adsh":"0001062993-25-010134"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_ABNB_20240626","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ABNB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $ABNB 1 day before a corporate insider (BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)","filingDate":"2024-06-27","adsh":"0000950170-24-078427"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_DHI_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DHI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $DHI 1 day before a corporate insider (Murray Michael J  (CIK 0001621270)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHI","filer":"Murray Michael J  (CIK 0001621270)","filingDate":"2025-04-22","adsh":"0001062993-25-007770"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_DXCM_20230912","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DXCM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $DXCM 1 day before a corporate insider (Heller Bridgette P  (CIK 0001485616)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"Heller Bridgette P  (CIK 0001485616)","filingDate":"2023-09-13","adsh":"0001093557-23-000201"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_ORCL_20230403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ORCL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $ORCL 1 day before a corporate insider (SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)","filingDate":"2023-04-04","adsh":"0001127602-23-012458"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_TSLA_20211019","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-10-20","adsh":"0001771364-21-000013"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_TSLA_20210310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Guillen Jerome M  (CIK 0001584518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Guillen Jerome M  (CIK 0001584518)","filingDate":"2021-03-11","adsh":"0001584518-21-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_AMZN_20200518","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-05-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-017210"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_SQ_20230822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SQ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $SQ 1 day before a corporate insider (Grassadonia Brian  (CIK 0001803649)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Grassadonia Brian  (CIK 0001803649)","filingDate":"2023-08-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-047116"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_ABBV_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABBV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $ABBV 1 day before a corporate insider (GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001415889-25-009688"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_ABT_20250129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $ABT 1 day before a corporate insider (Morrone Louis H.  (CIK 0001867666)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Morrone Louis H.  (CIK 0001867666)","filingDate":"2025-01-30","adsh":"0001415889-25-002423"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_NVDA_20230622","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (Robertson Donald F Jr  (CIK 0001526111)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Robertson Donald F Jr  (CIK 0001526111)","filingDate":"2023-06-23","adsh":"0001045810-23-000129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_NVDA_20230227","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer buy $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (HUDSON DAWN E  (CIK 0001219888)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"HUDSON DAWN E  (CIK 0001219888)","filingDate":"2023-02-28","adsh":"0001045810-23-000025"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_BEN_20200915","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BEN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sell $BEN 1 day before a corporate insider (LIFE SCIENCES OPPORTUNITIES FUND INSTITTUTIONAL II LP  (CIK 0001269417)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BEN","filer":"LIFE SCIENCES OPPORTUNITIES FUND INSTITTUTIONAL II LP  (CIK 0001269417)","filingDate":"2020-09-16","adsh":"0001213900-20-027008"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000583_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+411 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 436 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 411 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":411,"totalRaw":436}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_Export_Import_Bank_of_the_Unit_119072","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Export-Import Bank of the United States testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank\". The witness The Honorable John Jovanovic (Export-Import Bank of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"119072","title":"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank","date":"2026-03-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable John Jovanovic","witnessOrg":"Export-Import Bank of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_Greater_New_York_Insurance_Com_118613","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greater New York Insurance Companies testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-09-17 held a hearing titled \"The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002\". The witness Mrs. Elizabeth Heck (Greater New York Insurance Companies) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118613","title":"The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002","date":"2025-09-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Elizabeth Heck","witnessOrg":"Greater New York Insurance Companies","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118613"},{"source":"donor","name":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NY","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEW%20YORK%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118613","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEW%20YORK%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NMHC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NMHC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NMHC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NMHC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NMHC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NMHC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_Chairman_Federal_Deposit_Insur_117304","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-05-15 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Martin Gruenberg (Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117304","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2024-05-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Martin Gruenberg","witnessOrg":"Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117304"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (GUARDIAN LIFE PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NY","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20GUARDIAN%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20OF%20AMERICA%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20FEDERAL%20(GUARDIAN%20LIFE%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117304","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20GUARDIAN%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20OF%20AMERICA%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20FEDERAL%20(GUARDIAN%20LIFE%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NMHC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NMHC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NMHC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_American_Property_and_Casualty_116462","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-10-24 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116462","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-10-24T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_American_Property_and_Casualty_116528","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-11-02 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116528","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-11-02T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116528"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116528","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_G000583_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NMHC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NMHC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NMHC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_119110","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 2 days before a Technology hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence, which on 2026-03-26 held a hearing titled \"Innovation at the Speed of Markets: How Regulators Keep Pace with Technology\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","eventId":"119110","title":"Innovation at the Speed of Markets: How Regulators Keep Pace with Technology","date":"2026-03-26T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119110"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119110","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_118952","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $V 6 days after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $V (a Finance-sector stock) 6 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118952","title":"Oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-02-11T15:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118952"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118952","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_118709","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FIS 14 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Examining Primary Dealers and Their Balance Sheet\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $FIS (a Finance-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118709","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Examining Primary Dealers and Their Balance Sheet","date":"2025-12-02T19:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118709"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118709","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_118459","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 5 days after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-08 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Less Mandates. More Independence.\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $V (a Finance-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118459","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Less Mandates. More Independence.","date":"2025-07-08T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118459"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-26"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118459","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_118402","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $V on the same day as a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-06-24 held a hearing titled \"The Federal Reserve's Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $V (a Finance-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118402","title":"The Federal Reserve's Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report","date":"2025-06-24T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118402"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-26"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118402","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_118324","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CRM 2 days before a Technology hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $CRM (a Technology-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_118125","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BLK 1 day before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence, which on 2025-04-09 held a hearing titled \"American Innovation and the Future of Digital Assets Aligning the U.S. Securities Laws for the Digital Age”\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $BLK (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","eventId":"118125","title":"American Innovation and the Future of Digital Assets Aligning the U.S. Securities Laws for the Digital Age”","date":"2025-04-09T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118125"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118125","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_118116","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BLK on the same day as a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: U.S. Treasury Debt in the Monetary System\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $BLK (a Finance-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118116","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: U.S. Treasury Debt in the Monetary System","date":"2025-04-08T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118116"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118116","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_118049","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 8 days before a Consumer hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\" — classified as Consumer sector. The member sell $TSLA (a Consumer-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","sector":"Consumer","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_117994","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MA 6 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"Navigating the Digital Payments Ecosystem: Examining a Federal Framework for Payment Stablecoins and Consequences of a U.S. Central Bank Dig…\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $MA (a Finance-sector stock) 6 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117994","title":"Navigating the Digital Payments Ecosystem: Examining a Federal Framework for Payment Stablecoins and Consequences of a U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency","date":"2025-03-11T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117994"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117994","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_117972","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V on the same day as a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Examining Monetary Policy and Economic Opportunity\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $V (a Finance-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117972","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Examining Monetary Policy and Economic Opportunity","date":"2025-03-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117972"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117972","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_117742","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NFLX 8 days before a Technology hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-12-04 held a hearing titled \"Innovation Revolution: How Technology is Shaping the Future of Finance\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117742","title":"Innovation Revolution: How Technology is Shaping the Future of Finance","date":"2024-12-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117742"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117742","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_117682","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MA 7 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-09-24 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $MA (a Finance-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117682","title":"Oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2024-09-24T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117682"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117682","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_117512","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MA 7 days after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-07-10 held a hearing titled \"The Federal Reserve’s Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $MA (a Finance-sector stock) 7 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117512","title":"The Federal Reserve’s Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report","date":"2024-07-10T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117512"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117512","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_117506","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MA 8 days after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-07-09 held a hearing titled \"The Annual Testimony of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the International Financial System\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $MA (a Finance-sector stock) 8 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117506","title":"The Annual Testimony of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the International Financial System","date":"2024-07-09T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117506"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117506","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_117467","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MA 3 days after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2024-06-27 held a hearing titled \"The Role of the Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank of the United States Amid Intensifying Economic Competition with China\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $MA (a Finance-sector stock) 3 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"117467","title":"The Role of the Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank of the United States Amid Intensifying Economic Competition with China","date":"2024-06-27T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117467"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117467","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_117413","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SBUX 4 days after a Consumer hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-06-13 held a hearing titled \"The Semi-Annual Report of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection\" — classified as Consumer sector. The member sell $SBUX (a Consumer-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117413","title":"The Semi-Annual Report of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection","date":"2024-06-13T14:00:00Z","sector":"Consumer","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117413"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117413","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_116462","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ISRG 2 days after a Healthcare hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-10-24 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member sell $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116462","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-10-24T18:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_116127","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SCHW 6 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-06-21 held a hearing titled \"The Federal Reserve’s Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $SCHW (a Finance-sector stock) 6 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"116127","title":"The Federal Reserve’s Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report","date":"2023-06-21T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116127"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116127","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_116102","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LOW 7 days after a Consumer hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-06-14 held a hearing titled \"The Semi-Annual Report of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection\" — classified as Consumer sector. The member sell $LOW (a Consumer-sector stock) 7 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"116102","title":"The Semi-Annual Report of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection","date":"2023-06-14T14:00:00Z","sector":"Consumer","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116102"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-22"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116102","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_116084","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SCHW 2 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"The Annual Testimony of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the International Financial System\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $SCHW (a Finance-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"116084","title":"The Annual Testimony of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the International Financial System","date":"2023-06-13T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116084"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116084","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_115751","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FIS 2 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-04-18 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $FIS (a Finance-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115751","title":"Oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2023-04-18T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115751"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115751","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_116636","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COP 7 days after a Energy hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2023-12-12 held a hearing titled \"Restricting Rogue-State Revenue: Strengthening Energy Sanctions on Russia, Iran, and Venezuela\" — classified as Energy sector. The member sell $COP (a Energy-sector stock) 7 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"116636","title":"Restricting Rogue-State Revenue: Strengthening Energy Sanctions on Russia, Iran, and Venezuela","date":"2023-12-12T15:00:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116636"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116636","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_115875","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MA 1 day before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-05-11 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank: GAO’s Preliminary Review\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $MA (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115875","title":"Oversight of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank: GAO’s Preliminary Review","date":"2023-05-11T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115875"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115875","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_115836","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ISRG 2 days after a Healthcare hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-04-28 held a hearing titled \"The Reauthorization of the National Flood Insurance Program: FEMA’s Perspective\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member buy $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115836","title":"The Reauthorization of the National Flood Insurance Program: FEMA’s Perspective","date":"2023-04-28T13:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115836"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115836","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2023-12-12_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NOC 17 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 200-word floor speech on 2023-12-12 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, Israel and Ukraine may be 2,000 miles apart, but the evils they face are con- nected. Hamas and Putin have waged unprovoked wars on neighboring de- mocracies, murdering thousands of ci-…\"). The member buy $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 17 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-12-12","chamber":"House","wordCount":200,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, Israel and Ukraine may be 2,000 miles apart, but the evils they face are con- nected. Hamas and Putin have waged unprovoked wars on neighboring de- mocracies, murdering thousands of ci-","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/12/12/169/204/CREC-2023-12-12-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/12/12/169/204/CREC-2023-12-12-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2023-01-26_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $COP 15 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 168-word floor speech on 2023-01-26 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I rise in support of my amendment No. 85. My amendment imposes important limits on any Department of Energy plan so that our adversaries, including Iran, Russia, China, and North Korea, can…\"). The member buy $COP (a Energy-sector stock) 15 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-01-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":168,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I rise in support of my amendment No. 85. My amendment imposes important limits on any Department of Energy plan so that our adversaries, including Iran, Russia, China, and North Korea, can","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/01/26/169/17/CREC-2023-01-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/01/26/169/17/CREC-2023-01-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2022-04-04_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UPS 26 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 244-word floor speech on 2022-04-04 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today to highlight the crucial in- vestment my bipartisan amendment to the MORE Act will make to support local law enforcement and to protect our children, families, and commu- n…\"). The member buy $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 26 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-04-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":244,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today to highlight the crucial in- vestment my bipartisan amendment to the MORE Act will make to support local law enforcement and to protect our children, families, and commu- n","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/04/04/168/59/CREC-2022-04-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/04/04/168/59/CREC-2022-04-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2021-09-29_Consumer","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 20 days after a Consumer floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 435-word floor speech on 2021-09-29 that the classifier tagged Consumer sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 4089, the Darren Drake Act, bipartisan legisla- tion I introduced in the Committee on Homeland Security with my Repub- lican colleague and co-chair of th…\"). The member buy $TSLA (a Consumer-sector stock) 20 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-09-29","chamber":"House","wordCount":435,"sector":"Consumer","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 4089, the Darren Drake Act, bipartisan legisla- tion I introduced in the Committee on Homeland Security with my Repub- lican colleague and co-chair of th","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/29/167/170/CREC-2021-09-29-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/29/167/170/CREC-2021-09-29-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2021-09-28_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FDX 13 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 585-word floor speech on 2021-09-28 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of passing the his- toric bipartisan infrastructure bill on Thursday. In August, all 220 House Democrats came here on the floor and voted to support opening debate…\"). The member sell $FDX (a Industrials-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-09-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":585,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of passing the his- toric bipartisan infrastructure bill on Thursday. In August, all 220 House Democrats came here on the floor and voted to support opening debate","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/28/167/169/CREC-2021-09-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/28/167/169/CREC-2021-09-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2020-07-30_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BIIB 23 days before a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 210-word floor speech on 2020-07-30 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank Chairman VISCLOSKY for his hard work here. I rise in support of this en bloc pack- age, which contains two amendments I introduced. My first amendment will give all of Congress…\"). The member buy $BIIB (a Pharma-sector stock) 23 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-07-30","chamber":"House","wordCount":210,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank Chairman VISCLOSKY for his hard work here. I rise in support of this en bloc pack- age, which contains two amendments I introduced. My first amendment will give all of Congress ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/30/166/135/CREC-2020-07-30-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/30/166/135/CREC-2020-07-30-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2020-06-30_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 4 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 227-word floor speech on 2020-06-30 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of my amendment to the Moving America Forward Act. The train tunnel underneath the Hudson carries 200,000 people daily be- tween New Jersey and New York. It is lit…\"). The member sell $HON (a Industrials-sector stock) 4 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-06-30","chamber":"House","wordCount":227,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of my amendment to the Moving America Forward Act. The train tunnel underneath the Hudson carries 200,000 people daily be- tween New Jersey and New York. It is lit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/06/30/166/120/CREC-2020-06-30-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-26"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/06/30/166/120/CREC-2020-06-30-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2019-04-30_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ISRG 15 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 484-word floor speech on 2019-04-30 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman for allowing me to speak on behalf of this bipartisan legislation. I also want to thank my good friend, Congressman TREY HOL - LINGSWORTH, for being a great partne…\"). The member sell $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 15 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-04-30","chamber":"House","wordCount":484,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman for allowing me to speak on behalf of this bipartisan legislation. I also want to thank my good friend, Congressman TREY HOL - LINGSWORTH, for being a great partne","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/30/CREC-2019-04-30-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/30/CREC-2019-04-30-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2019-04-09_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 210-word floor speech on 2019-04-09 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today because there is a lot we need to do to fix healthcare here in the United States. I will work with anyone, regardless of political party, who has ideas to im- prove healthcar…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-04-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":210,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today because there is a lot we need to do to fix healthcare here in the United States. I will work with anyone, regardless of political party, who has ideas to im- prove healthcar","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/09/CREC-2019-04-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/09/CREC-2019-04-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2019-01-03_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNH 15 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 397-word floor speech on 2019-01-03 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of our new rules package that will help get more broadly based bipartisan leg- islation to the floor for debate an…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 15 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-01-03","chamber":"House","wordCount":397,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of our new rules package that will help get more broadly based bipartisan leg- islation to the floor for debate an","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/01/03/CREC-2019-01-03-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/01/03/CREC-2019-01-03-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000583_2018-07-17_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 14 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer delivered a 335-word floor speech on 2018-07-17 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the JOBS and Inves- tor Confidence Act. This important bi- partisan package includes my Senior Security Act which seeks to protect seniors from financial scammers and…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-07-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":335,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the JOBS and Inves- tor Confidence Act. This important bi- partisan package includes my Senior Security Act which seeks to protect seniors from financial scammers and","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/07/17/164/120/CREC-2018-07-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/07/17/164/120/CREC-2018-07-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_G000583_MS","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 trades in $MS — MORGAN STANLEY's PAC also donated $2,887,915.7","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 12 reported trades in $MS (MORGAN STANLEY). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MORGAN STANLEY\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,887,915.7 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","parent":"MORGAN STANLEY","tradeCount":12,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-01"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-05"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MORGAN STANLEY","parent":"MORGAN STANLEY","total":2887915.7,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MORGAN%20STANLEY"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MORGAN%20STANLEY","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_G000583_UPS","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 trades in $UPS — UPS's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 17 reported trades in $UPS (UPS). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC (UPS PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","parent":"UPS","tradeCount":17,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC (UPS PAC)","parent":"UPS","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=UNITED%20PARCEL%20SERVICE%20INC.%20PAC%20(UPS%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=UNITED%20PARCEL%20SERVICE%20INC.%20PAC%20(UPS%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_G000583_BLK","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $BLK — BLACKROCK's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 4 reported trades in $BLK (BLACKROCK). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","parent":"BLACKROCK","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-21"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC PAC","parent":"BLACKROCK","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=BLACKROCK%20FUNDS%20SERVICES%20GROUP%20LLC%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=BLACKROCK%20FUNDS%20SERVICES%20GROUP%20LLC%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_G000583_JPM","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $JPM — JPMORGAN CHASE's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 2 reported trades in $JPM (JPMORGAN CHASE). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","parent":"JPMORGAN CHASE","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-18"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"JPMORGAN CHASE","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=JPMORGAN%20CHASE%20%26%20CO.%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=JPMORGAN%20CHASE%20%26%20CO.%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_G000583","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$93K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 73% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer received $92,751.81 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($67,862.87 = 73%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":92751.81,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2016":55516.57,"2018":10755.060000000001,"2020":15981.14,"2022":14821.8,"2024":9492.73},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":67862.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":24888.94,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005715/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003645/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000583","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $1,633,957.85","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer received campaign contributions totaling $1,633,957.85 from 38 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 37 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MORGAN STANLEY ($1,443,957.85); PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC. ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($5,000); GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA ($5,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":38,"totalDollars":1633957.85,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"MORGAN STANLEY","ldaClient":"MORGAN STANLEY","donorTotal":1443957.85,"exact":true},{"donorName":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PRUDENTIAL FEDERAL PAC)","ldaClient":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (GUARDIAN LIFE PAC)","ldaClient":"GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000583","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $363,601 on 2021-01-21 (16.2× normal)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $363,601 on 2021-01-21 — 16.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":585294,"maxRatio":16.2,"maxAmount":363601},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-01-21","amount":363601,"ratio":16.2,"baselineDaily":22434,"count":170,"cmteId":"C00573949","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573949&min_date=2021-01-21&max_date=2021-01-21"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-08-19","amount":124758,"ratio":11.7,"baselineDaily":10633,"count":145,"cmteId":"C00573949","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573949&min_date=2021-08-19&max_date=2021-08-19"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-09-30","amount":96935,"ratio":10.4,"baselineDaily":9330,"count":115,"cmteId":"C00573949","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573949&min_date=2015-09-30&max_date=2015-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573949/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573949&min_date=2021-01-21&max_date=2021-01-21"]},{"id":"P65_G000583_2024-06-18","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"98 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2024-06-18 — 97 unique tickers","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer executed 98 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2024-06-18 to 2024-06-25), spanning 97 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2024-06-18","windowEnd":"2024-06-25","tradeCount":98,"uniqueTickers":97,"totalDisclosedTrades":3396,"sampleTickers":["PPBI","ABEV","DHI","VIAV","NOC","DASTY","GMAB","SQ","XP","SWTX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000583","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 30 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 321 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer appears in 30 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 321 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 30 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (109); trade near vote (31); hearing proximity trade (29); coordinated trade cluster (26); insider followed trade (26).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":30,"totalFindings":321,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":109},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":31},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":29},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":12},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":11},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":5},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000583","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P137_G000583","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Josh Gottheimer ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $83M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer's FEC-bulk record shows $83.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":83.2,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H6NJ05171"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NJ05171/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_G000583","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Josh Gottheimer filed 124 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 84 distinct tickers, 48 buys, 76 sells","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer filed 124 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 48 were buy transactions and 76 were sells, spanning 84 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":124,"distinctTickers":84,"buys":48,"sells":76,"sampleTickers":["MSFT","XNGSY","CCI","FN","IFNNY","HDB","INTA","ALC","LZB","SE","NOW","FWRG"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_G000583","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Gottheimer disclosed 91 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 72 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY MSFT $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer has filed 91 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 72 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY MSFT $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2026-03-25 · SELL MSFT $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-02-14 · SELL MSFT $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2025-02-14 · SELL MSFT $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2025-02-14.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":91,"veryHighCount":72,"lowerBoundSum":71750091,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","date":"2026-03-25","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","date":"2025-02-14","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_G000583","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Gottheimer executed 217 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY MSFT (0d apart)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer has 217 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY MSFT 2018-10-12 → 2018-10-12 (0d) · SELL→BUY MSFT 2018-11-28 → 2018-11-28 (0d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2018-12-06 → 2018-12-10 (4d) · SELL→BUY MSFT 2018-12-10 → 2018-12-13 (3d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2018-12-17 → 2019-01-10 (24d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":217,"samples":[{"ticker":"MSFT","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-10-12","date2":"2018-10-12","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-11-28","date2":"2018-11-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-12-10","date2":"2018-12-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-17","date2":"2019-01-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-03-13","date2":"2019-03-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-03-22","date2":"2019-03-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":18,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-03-22","date2":"2019-04-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_G000583","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Gottheimer's PAC funding concentrates 92% in Finance ($1.49M / $1.62M classified)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer's PAC donors concentrate 92% in the Finance industry — $1.49M of $1.62M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $1.49M · Labor $0.06M · Healthcare $0.03M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":1.49,"totalPacAmountM":1.62,"concentrationPct":91.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":1.49,"Labor":0.06,"Healthcare":0.03,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NJ05171/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_G000583","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Gottheimer triggers 83 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulates 83 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":83,"distinctDetectorTypes":36}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_G000583","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Josh Gottheimer triggers 37 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulates findings across 37 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 37 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":37,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P4","P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P14","P15","P17","P18","P19","P22","P23","P25","P36","P40","P41","P37","P38","P42","P43","P47","P48","P49","P52","P58","P61","P62","P65"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_G000583_2025-04-09","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Gottheimer — 78 trades on 2025-04-09","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer disclosed 78 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-04-09). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-04-09","count":78}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_G000583","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Josh Gottheimer — 98% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (3320/3396)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 98% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":3396,"atBracket":3320,"pct":"97.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000583","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Gottheimer — 536 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer has traded 536 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":536,"sample":["MSFT","XNGSY","CCI","FN","IFNNY","HDB","INTA","ALC","LZB","SE"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_G000583_MSFT","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Gottheimer — 209 disclosed trades in single ticker MSFT","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer traded MSFT on 209 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the MSFT trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"MSFT","count":209}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_G000583","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Josh Gottheimer — 8 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer has traded 8 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":8,"tickers":["UBER","DASH","SNOW","SQ","ABNB","AFRM","PINS","LYFT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_G000583","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Josh Gottheimer — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($41.6M)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $41.6M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":41598865,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NJ05171/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P1_G000583_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 28 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000583"]},{"id":"P37_G000583_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+84 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 109 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 84 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 84 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":84,"totalRaw":109,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":84,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000583"]},{"id":"P48_G000583_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+4 more P48 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Josh Gottheimer accumulated 29 P48 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 4 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 4 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P48","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":4,"totalRaw":29,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":4}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000583"]}],"T000490":[{"id":"P1_T000490_9jz21v","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL IBM 0d BEFORE HR 3679 — \"Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement…\"","explanation":"Member traded IBM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 3679 \"Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3679","title":"Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203679"]},{"id":"P1_T000490_v9t3wn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CRM 0d BEFORE HR 3679 — \"Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement…\"","explanation":"Member traded CRM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 3679 \"Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2026-02-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3679","title":"Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203679"]},{"id":"P1_T000490_en4nkf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY IBM 0d BEFORE HR 6161 — \"SEC Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded IBM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6161 \"SEC Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-01-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6161","title":"SEC Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206161"]},{"id":"P1_T000490_o32tc8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LRCX 0d BEFORE HR 6161 — \"SEC Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded LRCX (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6161 \"SEC Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-01-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6161","title":"SEC Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206161"]},{"id":"P1_T000490_hm11sj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY LLY 0d BEFORE HR 163 — \"Prescription Drug Affordability Act\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 0 days of HR 163 \"Prescription Drug Affordability Act\", sponsored by Rep. Paul, Ron [R-TX-14].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-08-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 163","title":"Prescription Drug Affordability Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Paul, Ron [R-TX-14]","sponsorBioguide":"P000583","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20163"]},{"id":"P1_T000490_iuoohc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL UNH 1d BEFORE HR 2747 — \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 2747 \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-05-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2747","title":"Healthy Affordable Housing Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202747"]},{"id":"P2_T000490_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $2,500 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"David Taylor serves on committees regulating Telecom (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $2,500 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Taylor_(Ohio_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000490","https://kingst.com/congress/members/david-j-taylor/"]},{"id":"P3_T000490_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 8 BUYS vs 3 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":8,"sells":3,"netBuy":5,"total":11}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_T000490_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$411,956 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT","explanation":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE spent $411,956 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","support":411956.24,"oppose":341817.09,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P6_T000490_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$556,609 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $556,609 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":556608.89,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P6_T000490_tw2bwh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$317,490 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND","explanation":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND) spent $317,490 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00772152","name":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND)","support":317490.06,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772152/"]},{"id":"P7_T000490_kqjwa7","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $6,131,125 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $6,131,125 opposing this member across 252 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":6131125.130000003,"totalSupport":2063595.3099999994,"events":252,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":1906662.5499999996},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1882553},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":341817.09},{"name":"DEFEATING COMMUNISM PAC","oppose":479315.01},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":367103.1499999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_T000490_vl4wbo","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,766 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $74,766 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":74766.34999999998,"oppose":0,"net":74766.34999999998,"events":18,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":71359.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":2866.43,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":540.26,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000490_AVGO_2026-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-19 and 2026-02-26, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2026-02-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000829","name":"Tony Wied"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000490","name":"David Taylor"}],"span":"2026-02-19 to 2026-02-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000490_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"48 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Taylor executed 48 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-03-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2026-02-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Inseason Adjustment to the 2026 Gulf of Alaska Pacific Cod Total Al","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delete, Delete, Delete; Withdrawal","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000490_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Taylor executed 12 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2026-03-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","date":"2026-03-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2026-03-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2026-02-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Hazardous and Solid Waste Management System: Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals From Electric Utilities; CCR Manageme","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Ice Accumulations; Ohio River, Pittsburgh, PA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2026-02-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000490_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Taylor executed 11 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","date":"2026-03-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","date":"2026-02-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2026-02-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2026-01-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Excise Tax on Repurchase of Corporate Stock; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2026-02-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"FDIC Official Signs, Advertisement of Membership, False Advertising, Misrepresentation of Insured Status, and Misuse of ","agency":"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2026-01-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000490_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Taylor executed 12 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2026-02-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2026-02-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2026-02-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Annual Civil Monetary Penalties Inflation Adjustment","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2026-01-28"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Annual Civil Monetary Penalties Inflation Adjustment","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2026-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000490_yabmqz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Taylor campaign paid $14,099,453 to 80 surname-matched vendors, top: TAYLOR LOMBARDI JV","explanation":"David Taylor's campaign paid 291 disbursements totaling $14,099,453 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TAYLOR LOMBARDI JV","total":3665845.8699999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"TAYLOR LOMBARDI JV","amount":1583505.41,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"CONVENTION CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TAYLOR LOMBARDI JV","amount":1403671.6,"date":"2024-08-18","description":"CONVENTION CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TAYLOR LOMBARDI JV","amount":330000,"date":"2024-07-02","description":"CONVENTION CONSTRUCTION & UTILITIES","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS INC","total":2183488.9300000006,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS INC","amount":380579.06,"date":"2022-07-06","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS INC","amount":375519.27,"date":"2021-09-08","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS INC","amount":180973.32,"date":"2020-07-31","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TAYLOR, NICHOLAS V. SEN.","total":865615.29,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"TAYLOR, NICHOLAS V. SEN.","amount":500000,"date":"2017-10-10","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TAYLOR, NICHOLAS V. SEN.","amount":365615.29,"date":"2018-03-26","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS","total":613724.24,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS","amount":247483.43,"date":"2020-07-20","description":"COLLATERAL: PINS","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS","amount":116150,"date":"2020-05-28","description":"COLLATERAL: PINS","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS","amount":113183.06,"date":"2018-10-17","description":"DESIGN SERVICES/COLLATERAL: PINS","surnameMatched":"taylor","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NK BAUR & ASSOCIATES","total":474295.48000000004,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"NK BAUR & ASSOCIATES","amount":100000,"date":"2022-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baur","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NK BAUR & ASSOCIATES","amount":30000,"date":"2021-05-14","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baur","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NK BAUR & ASSOCIATES","amount":29280,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baur","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HALEY O'NEILL LLC","total":470438.5500000001,"count":26,"samples":[{"payee":"HALEY O'NEILL LLC","amount":54170.83,"date":"2010-06-04","description":"RESEARCH CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"o'neill","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"HALEY O'NEILL LLC","amount":35004.66,"date":"2010-09-13","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"o'neill","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"HALEY O'NEILL LLC","amount":32812.4,"date":"2010-10-06","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"o'neill","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TAYLOR%20LOMBARDI%20JV"]},{"id":"P22_T000490_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member David Taylor cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2026-02-10","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2026-01-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":7,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2026-01-16","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_T000490_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member David Taylor cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_T000490_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member David Taylor cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2026-01-16","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":8,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P30_T000490_6y9it5","pattern_type":"P30_VENDOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"30% of disbursements go to a single vendor: MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","explanation":"David Taylor's campaign routes an unusually large share of spending through one vendor. That can be efficient (a trusted strategist) or concerning (a favored firm, possibly family- or former-staff-owned).","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_concentration","vendor":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","amount":68900000,"share":30.1,"totalInTop":229082524.71000004},{"source":"vendor","vendor":"WINSENATE","amount":30000000,"share":13.1},{"source":"vendor","vendor":"MEDIA BUYING & ANALYTICS LLC","amount":27912963.7,"share":12.2},{"source":"vendor","vendor":"STRATEGIC MEDIA SERVICES, INC.","amount":25470237.259999998,"share":11.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_T000490","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"David Taylor sits on committees regulating Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Technology, Telecom. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":48},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_T000490_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE both supported ($411,956) and opposed ($341,817) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-David Taylor advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","support":411956.24,"oppose":341817.09,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P36_T000490","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"David Taylor has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":25,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P30_VENDOR_CONCENTRATION","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_T000490_V_20250813","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $V 1 day after a corporate insider (Versant Affiliates Fund V, L.P.  (CIK 0001589095)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Versant Affiliates Fund V, L.P.  (CIK 0001589095)","filingDate":"2025-08-12","adsh":"0000950170-25-107403","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_LRCX_20260226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LRCX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $LRCX 1 day after a corporate insider (ARCHER TIMOTHY  (CIK 0001343600)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"ARCHER TIMOTHY  (CIK 0001343600)","filingDate":"2026-02-25","adsh":"0001343600-26-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_GOOGL_20260226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $GOOGL 1 day after a corporate insider (Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)","filingDate":"2026-02-25","adsh":"0001193125-26-072513","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_MSFT_20260116","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2026-01-15","adsh":"0000789019-26-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_IBP_20260312","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IBP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $IBP 1 day after a corporate insider (Miller Michael Thomas  (CIK 0001598873)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBP","filer":"Miller Michael Thomas  (CIK 0001598873)","filingDate":"2026-03-11","adsh":"0001628280-26-016870","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_LLY_20250814","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LLY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $LLY 1 day after a corporate insider (Van Naarden Jacob  (CIK 0001661254)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Van Naarden Jacob  (CIK 0001661254)","filingDate":"2025-08-13","adsh":"0000059478-25-000218","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_RPM_20260312","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RPM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $RPM 1 day after a corporate insider (Boyden Adam Gilbert  (CIK 0002078218)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RPM","filer":"Boyden Adam Gilbert  (CIK 0002078218)","filingDate":"2026-03-11","adsh":"0001493152-26-009709","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_PH_20260226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $PH 2 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2026-02-24","adsh":"0001012975-26-000206","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_ETN_20260226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ETN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $ETN 2 days after a corporate insider (Galvao Antonio  (CIK 0002048505)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"Galvao Antonio  (CIK 0002048505)","filingDate":"2026-02-24","adsh":"0001104659-26-019169","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_PGR_20250718","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PGR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $PGR 3 days after a corporate insider (Clawson William L. II  (CIK 0001898852)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Clawson William L. II  (CIK 0001898852)","filingDate":"2025-07-15","adsh":"0001127602-25-019176","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_CRM_20260226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $CRM 3 days after a corporate insider (Kirk David Blair  (CIK 0002077892)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Kirk David Blair  (CIK 0002077892)","filingDate":"2026-02-23","adsh":"0001108524-26-000032","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_CRM_20250807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $CRM 3 days after a corporate insider (Christopher Jaret  (CIK 0002063113)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Christopher Jaret  (CIK 0002063113)","filingDate":"2025-08-04","adsh":"0001213900-25-071641","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_PH_20250310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PH 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $PH 3 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2025-03-07","adsh":"0001062993-25-004981","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_FITB_20260226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FITB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $FITB 3 days after a corporate insider (Lopper Jeffrey A  (CIK 0002036368)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FITB","filer":"Lopper Jeffrey A  (CIK 0002036368)","filingDate":"2026-02-23","adsh":"0000035527-26-000116","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_VRTX_20260129","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VRTX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $VRTX 3 days after a corporate insider (Tatsis Ourania  (CIK 0001789815)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRTX","filer":"Tatsis Ourania  (CIK 0001789815)","filingDate":"2026-01-26","adsh":"0000875320-26-000026","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_PGR_20260116","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PGR 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $PGR 4 days after a corporate insider (Snyder Barbara R  (CIK 0001496583)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Snyder Barbara R  (CIK 0001496583)","filingDate":"2026-01-12","adsh":"0000080661-26-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000490_GOOGL_20250903","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $GOOGL 5 days after a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-08-29","adsh":"0000950170-25-112321","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_IBM_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IBM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $IBM 1 day before a corporate insider (Thomas Robert David  (CIK 0002005007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBM","filer":"Thomas Robert David  (CIK 0002005007)","filingDate":"2026-02-27","adsh":"0002005007-26-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_GOOGL_20251103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-11-04","adsh":"0001193125-25-265136"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_PG_20250813","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $PG 1 day before a corporate insider (Awada Kaled  (CIK 0001751431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Awada Kaled  (CIK 0001751431)","filingDate":"2025-08-14","adsh":"0001004980-25-000136"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_T_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $T 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $T 1 day before a corporate insider (Mancuso Salvatore  (CIK 0001479997)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Mancuso Salvatore  (CIK 0001479997)","filingDate":"2026-02-27","adsh":"0000764180-26-000024"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_IBP_20250813","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IBP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $IBP 1 day before a corporate insider (Edwards Jeffrey W.  (CIK 0001598688)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBP","filer":"Edwards Jeffrey W.  (CIK 0001598688)","filingDate":"2025-08-14","adsh":"0000950170-25-108997"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_MEDP_20250723","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MEDP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $MEDP 1 day before a corporate insider (McCarthy Cornelius P. III  (CIK 0001750355)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MEDP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MEDP","filer":"McCarthy Cornelius P. III  (CIK 0001750355)","filingDate":"2025-07-24","adsh":"0001668397-25-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_PH_20250310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PH 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $PH 2 days before a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2025-03-12","adsh":"0001062993-25-005273"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_LLY_20260209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LLY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $LLY 2 days before a corporate insider (Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)","filingDate":"2026-02-11","adsh":"0001826001-26-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_PGR_20250718","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $PGR 3 days before a corporate insider (Broz Steven  (CIK 0001665574)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Broz Steven  (CIK 0001665574)","filingDate":"2025-07-21","adsh":"0001127602-25-019453"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_CRM_20260129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $CRM 4 days before a corporate insider (Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)","filingDate":"2026-02-02","adsh":"0001108524-26-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_LRCX_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LRCX 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $LRCX 4 days before a corporate insider (Vahedi Vahid  (CIK 0001707826)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Vahedi Vahid  (CIK 0001707826)","filingDate":"2026-03-02","adsh":"0001707826-26-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_GOOGL_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $GOOGL 4 days before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2026-03-02","adsh":"0001193125-26-086140"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_PH_20260312","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PH 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $PH 4 days before a corporate insider (CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD  (CIK 0001283718)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"CANADA PENSION PLAN INVESTMENT BOARD  (CIK 0001283718)","filingDate":"2026-03-16","adsh":"0001193125-26-108658"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_HD_20260116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $HD 4 days before a corporate insider (RYAN TIMOTHY  (CIK 0002024707)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"RYAN TIMOTHY  (CIK 0002024707)","filingDate":"2026-01-20","adsh":"0001193125-26-016803"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_ETN_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ETN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $ETN 4 days before a corporate insider (RUIZ STERNADT PAULO  (CIK 0001773340)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"RUIZ STERNADT PAULO  (CIK 0001773340)","filingDate":"2026-03-02","adsh":"0001104659-26-022262"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_PG_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $PG 5 days before a corporate insider (Singh Sumeet  (CIK 0001838817)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Singh Sumeet  (CIK 0001838817)","filingDate":"2026-03-03","adsh":"0001628280-26-014284"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_MSFT_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $MSFT 5 days before a corporate insider (SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)","filingDate":"2026-03-03","adsh":"0000789019-26-000043"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_MSFT_20260129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $MSFT 5 days before a corporate insider (PETERSON SANDRA E  (CIK 0001192752)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PETERSON SANDRA E  (CIK 0001192752)","filingDate":"2026-02-03","adsh":"0000789019-26-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_KR_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KR 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $KR 5 days before a corporate insider (Gates Anne  (CIK 0001660111)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Gates Anne  (CIK 0001660111)","filingDate":"2026-03-03","adsh":"0001660111-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_LLY_20260116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $LLY 5 days before a corporate insider (Sulzberger Gabrielle  (CIK 0001262388)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Sulzberger Gabrielle  (CIK 0001262388)","filingDate":"2026-01-21","adsh":"0001262388-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_MPC_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MPC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $MPC 5 days before a corporate insider (Mannen Maryann T.  (CIK 0001408964)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPC","filer":"Mannen Maryann T.  (CIK 0001408964)","filingDate":"2026-03-03","adsh":"0001408964-26-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_PGR_20260116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor buy $PGR 6 days before a corporate insider (Pumarejo Maribel  (CIK 0002073216)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Pumarejo Maribel  (CIK 0002073216)","filingDate":"2026-01-22","adsh":"0000080661-26-000058"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_IBP_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IBP 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $IBP 6 days before a corporate insider (PJAM IBP Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001609973)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBP","filer":"PJAM IBP Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001609973)","filingDate":"2026-03-04","adsh":"0001628280-26-014669"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_LLY_20251210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $LLY 6 days before a corporate insider (LUCIANO JUAN R  (CIK 0001455792)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"LUCIANO JUAN R  (CIK 0001455792)","filingDate":"2025-12-16","adsh":"0000059478-25-000275"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_CVX_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CVX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Taylor sell $CVX 6 days before a corporate insider (WARNER CYNTHIA J  (CIK 0001570212)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"WARNER CYNTHIA J  (CIK 0001570212)","filingDate":"2026-03-04","adsh":"0000093410-26-000089"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000490_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+10 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"David Taylor accumulated 35 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 10 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":10,"totalRaw":35}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_T000490_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Taylor sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"POLITICAL EDUCATION PATTERNS LOCAL 18 OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OH","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20PATTERNS%20LOCAL%2018%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20PATTERNS%20LOCAL%2018%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"]},{"id":"P48_T000490_118990","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PG 6 days before a Staples hearing in House Agriculture","explanation":"David Taylor sits on House Agriculture, which on 2026-03-03 held a hearing titled \"\"To consider H.R. 7567, the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026\"\" — classified as Staples sector. The member sell $PG (a Staples-sector stock) 6 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"118990","title":"\"To consider H.R. 7567, the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026\"","date":"2026-03-03T23:00:00Z","sector":"Staples","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118990"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118990","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_T000490_117871","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PG 2 days before a Staples hearing in House Agriculture","explanation":"David Taylor sits on House Agriculture, which on 2025-02-11 held a hearing titled \"\"Examining the Economic Crisis in Farm Country\"\" — classified as Staples sector. The member buy $PG (a Staples-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"117871","title":"\"Examining the Economic Crisis in Farm Country\"","date":"2025-02-11T15:00:00Z","sector":"Staples","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117871"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117871","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P51_T000490_DEFEND_AMERICAN_JOBS","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Campaign paid DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS $35.0M — vendor also donated $2,500","explanation":"David Taylor's campaign committee paid $35,000,000 to DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $2,500 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 14000.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","total":35000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=DEFEND%20AMERICAN%20JOBS"},{"source":"donor","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN VALUES IDEALS AND DESTINY (DAVID PAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=DEFEND%20AMERICAN%20VALUES%20IDEALS%20AND%20DESTINY%20(DAVID%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=DEFEND%20AMERICAN%20JOBS","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=DEFEND%20AMERICAN%20VALUES%20IDEALS%20AND%20DESTINY%20(DAVID%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P52_T000490_CVX","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CVX — CHEVRON's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"David Taylor executed 3 reported trades in $CVX (CHEVRON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","parent":"CHEVRON","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION","parent":"CHEVRON","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CHEVRON%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC%20-%20CHEVRON%20CORPORATION"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CHEVRON%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC%20-%20CHEVRON%20CORPORATION","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_T000490","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$75K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 95% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"David Taylor received $74,766.35 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($71,359.66 = 95%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":74766.34999999998,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2014":540.26,"2016":1790.56,"2018":16723.539999999997,"2020":29480.479999999996,"2022":26235.770000000004},"corpCount":4},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":71359.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":2866.43,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":540.26,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_T000490","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $45,000","explanation":"David Taylor received campaign contributions totaling $45,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($7,500); NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($7,500); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":45000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_T000490_2026-02-26","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"26 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2026-02-26 — 24 unique tickers","explanation":"David Taylor executed 26 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2026-02-26 to 2026-02-26), spanning 24 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2026-02-26","windowEnd":"2026-02-26","tradeCount":26,"uniqueTickers":24,"totalDisclosedTrades":143,"sampleTickers":["AEP","FITB","IBM","PH","IBP","PG","KR","MEDP","AMGN","LLY"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_T000490","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 23 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 77 total findings across the platform","explanation":"David Taylor appears in 23 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 77 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 23 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (17); trade near vote (6); reg rule trade proximity (4); ie support concentration (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":23,"totalFindings":77,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000490","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_T000490","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Taylor's campaign paid $6,104,989 to 22 surname-matched vendors — top: TAYLOR LOMBARDI JV ($3,665,846)","explanation":"David Taylor's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 40 payments totaling $6,104,989 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TAYLOR LOMBARDI JV ($3,665,846 across 5 payments, services: CONVENTION CONSTRUCTION · CONVENTION CONSTRUCTION & UTILITIES). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6104989.26,"paymentCount":40,"payeeCount":22,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TAYLOR LOMBARDI JV","total":3665845.8699999996,"count":5,"descriptions":["CONVENTION CONSTRUCTION","CONVENTION CONSTRUCTION & UTILITIES"]},{"payee":"TAYLOR COMMUNICATIONS","total":613724.24,"count":5,"descriptions":["COLLATERAL: PINS","DESIGN SERVICES/COLLATERAL: PINS","COLLATERAL: PENS"]},{"payee":"TAYLOR PROMO MARKETING","total":321072.66000000003,"count":3,"descriptions":["DONOR MEMENTOS"]},{"payee":"TAYLOR DYKEMA, PLLC","total":295066.74,"count":4,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"TAYLOR, CHARLES","total":250000,"count":1,"descriptions":["REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND NOTE : LOA"]}],"surname":"taylor"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4OH02248&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_T000490","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Taylor named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.5M total receipts) — top: MARJORIE TAYLOR GREENE'S PEOPLE OVER POLITICIANS COMMITTEE","explanation":"David Taylor appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MARJORIE TAYLOR GREENE'S PEOPLE OVER POLITICIANS COMMITTEE (C00766774, $1.5M receipts, treasurer BOLES, JASON D). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.49,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00766774","name":"MARJORIE TAYLOR GREENE'S PEOPLE OVER POLITICIANS COMMITTEE","receipts":1489564.26,"treasurer":"BOLES, JASON D","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00766774/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00766774/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00766774/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P139_T000490","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Taylor filed 130 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 29 distinct tickers, 74 buys, 56 sells","explanation":"David Taylor filed 130 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 74 were buy transactions and 56 were sells, spanning 29 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":130,"distinctTickers":29,"buys":74,"sells":56,"sampleTickers":["KR","IBP","LRCX","PH","HD","CVX","RPM","MPC","FITB","AEP","IBM","PG"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_T000490","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Taylor executed 21 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY IBP (13d apart)","explanation":"David Taylor has 21 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY IBP 2026-01-16 → 2026-01-29 (13d) · BUY→SELL IBP 2026-01-29 → 2026-02-26 (28d) · SELL→BUY IBP 2026-02-26 → 2026-03-12 (14d) · SELL→BUY LRCX 2026-02-26 → 2026-03-12 (14d) · SELL→BUY PH 2026-02-26 → 2026-03-12 (14d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":21,"samples":[{"ticker":"IBP","days":13,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-01-16","date2":"2026-01-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IBP","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-01-29","date2":"2026-02-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IBP","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-02-26","date2":"2026-03-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LRCX","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-02-26","date2":"2026-03-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PH","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-02-26","date2":"2026-03-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RPM","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-01-29","date2":"2026-02-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RPM","days":13,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2026-02-26","date2":"2026-03-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MPC","days":27,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-07-18","date2":"2025-08-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_T000490","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Taylor triggers 22 HIGH-severity findings across 28 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"David Taylor accumulates 22 HIGH-severity findings across 28 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":22,"distinctDetectorTypes":28}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_T000490","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Taylor operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.0M combined receipts)","explanation":"David Taylor operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.0M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: WIN BACK YOUR STATE PAC (C00713628) · RESTORING OUR FREEDOM PAC (C00875047).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.03,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00713628","cmteName":"WIN BACK YOUR STATE PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00875047","cmteName":"RESTORING OUR FREEDOM PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00713628/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00875047/"]},{"id":"P178_T000490_2026-02-26","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Taylor — 26 trades on 2026-02-26","explanation":"David Taylor disclosed 26 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2026-02-26). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2026-02-26","count":26}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_T000490","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Taylor — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (143/143)","explanation":"David Taylor's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":143,"atBracket":143,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_T000490","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Taylor — 30 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"David Taylor has traded 30 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":30,"sample":["KR","IBP","LRCX","PH","HD","CVX","RPM","MPC","FITB","AEP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_T000490_IBP","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Taylor — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker IBP","explanation":"David Taylor traded IBP on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the IBP trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"IBP","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_T000490","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Taylor — DW-NOMINATE 0.69 vs OH delegation mean 0.08 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"David Taylor's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.69) is 1.6 standard deviations from the OH delegation mean (0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OH","memberScore":0.691,"delegationMean":0.08442465753424659,"zscore":"1.56"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H001082":[{"id":"P1_H001082_il7zex","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PLD 0d BEFORE HR 2525 — \"Housing Vouchers Fairness Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PLD (RealEstate) within 0 days of HR 2525 \"Housing Vouchers Fairness Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","date":"2026-03-20","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2525","title":"Housing Vouchers Fairness Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-20","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202525"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_mo9xre","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TROW 0d BEFORE HR 2544 — \"Financial Freedom Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded TROW (Finance) within 0 days of HR 2544 \"Financial Freedom Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TROW","date":"2026-03-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2544","title":"Financial Freedom Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-20","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202544"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_8co7sd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MDT 0d BEFORE HR 2191 — \"Physician Led and Rural Access to Quality Care Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MDT (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 2191 \"Physician Led and Rural Access to Quality Care Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2026-03-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2191","title":"Physician Led and Rural Access to Quality Care Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-20","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202191"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_oew9fl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL TXN 0d BEFORE HR 4032 — \"Lowering Broadband Costs for Consumers Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded TXN (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4032 \"Lowering Broadband Costs for Consumers Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2026-03-18","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4032","title":"Lowering Broadband Costs for Consumers Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-03-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204032"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_m5314z","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CTSH 0d BEFORE S 836 — \"Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CTSH (Technology) within 0 days of S 836 \"Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTSH","date":"2026-03-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 836","title":"Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20836"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_imdatb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BDX 0d BEFORE HR 1775 — \"Second Chances for Rural Hospitals Act\"","explanation":"Member traded BDX (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 1775 \"Second Chances for Rural Hospitals Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2026-03-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1775","title":"Second Chances for Rural Hospitals Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201775"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_sy8zss","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL IVZ 0d BEFORE HR 1320 — \"Modern Worker Security Act\"","explanation":"Member traded IVZ (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1320 \"Modern Worker Security Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IVZ","date":"2026-03-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1320","title":"Modern Worker Security Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201320"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_6zfskn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL IQV 0d BEFORE HR 2236 — \"Healthy Foods for Native Seniors Act\"","explanation":"Member traded IQV (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 2236 \"Healthy Foods for Native Seniors Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IQV","date":"2026-03-16","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2236","title":"Healthy Foods for Native Seniors Act","introducedDate":"2026-03-16","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202236"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_bahh6o","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PRGS 0d BEFORE HR 7696 — \"AI Cyber Grid Protection Resilient Development Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded PRGS (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7696 \"AI Cyber Grid Protection Resilient Development Act of 2026\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRGS","date":"2026-03-16","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7696","title":"AI Cyber Grid Protection Resilient Development Act of 2026","introducedDate":"2026-03-16","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207696"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_jlp8es","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL UNH 3d after HR 4527 — \"Health Records Enhancement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 3 days of HR 4527 \"Health Records Enhancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-12-23","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4527","title":"Health Records Enhancement Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-20","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204527"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_s0lmhm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CSX 1d BEFORE HR 3663 — \"Bridge Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CSX (Transportation) within 1 days of HR 3663 \"Bridge Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2025-10-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3663","title":"Bridge Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-29","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203663"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_6t58w2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STX 3d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded STX (Technology) within 3 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","date":"2025-10-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_va6moc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BSX 2d BEFORE SRES 374 — \"A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate th…\"","explanation":"Member traded BSX (Healthcare) within 2 days of SRES 374 \"A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that Secretary of Health and Hum\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2025-10-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 374","title":"A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr","introducedDate":"2025-10-30","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20374"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_7ddb9h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 3d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 3 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-10-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_ht99qr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 2801 — \"Kids PRIVACY Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 2801 \"Kids PRIVACY Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-09-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2801","title":"Kids PRIVACY Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202801"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_aqbi9n","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL INTC 2d BEFORE HR 2453 — \"To provide for a national biological data center,…\" · sponsor R-TN","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 2 days of HR 2453 \"To provide for a national biological data center, and for other purposes.\", sponsored by Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2024-12-31","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2453","title":"To provide for a national biological data center, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2]","sponsorBioguide":"D000533","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TN","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202453"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_dn6ty8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL JNJ 2d BEFORE HR 2917 — \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to deny…\" · sponsor D-IL","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 2 days of HR 2917 \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to deny any deduction for advertising\", sponsored by Rep. Lipinski, Daniel [D-IL-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-12-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2917","title":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to deny any deduction for advertising prescription drugs.","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Lipinski, Daniel [D-IL-3]","sponsorBioguide":"L000563","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"IL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202917"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_mumhb4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AGCO 2d BEFORE HR 3150 — \"To require the Secretary of Agriculture to use sec…\" · sponsor D-NC","explanation":"Member traded AGCO (Agriculture) within 2 days of HR 3150 \"To require the Secretary of Agriculture to use section 32 of the Act of August 2\", sponsored by Rep. Etheridge, Bob [D-NC-2].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AGCO","date":"2024-12-31","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3150","title":"To require the Secretary of Agriculture to use section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935, to provide compensation to cert","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Etheridge, Bob [D-NC-2]","sponsorBioguide":"E000226","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203150"]},{"id":"P1_H001082_il3au8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL DVN 2d BEFORE HR 2016 — \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to prov…\" · sponsor D-NJ","explanation":"Member traded DVN (Energy) within 2 days of HR 2016 \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide that qualified energy effi\", sponsored by Rep. Sires, Albio [D-NJ-13].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVN","date":"2024-12-31","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2016","title":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide that qualified energy efficiency property is eligible for the ener","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. 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Jones, Walter B., Jr. [R-NC-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2021-09-23","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HCONRES 107","title":"Expressing the sense of Congress that the use of offensive military force by a President without prior and clear authori","introducedDate":"2021-09-28","daysDiff":-5,"sponsorName":"Rep. 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Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/kevin-hern/other-data?cycle=2022","https://hern.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://legisletter.org/legislator/kevin-hern-H001082/committees"]},{"id":"P2_H001082_dbpv3w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CIGNA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACT gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Kevin Hern serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CIGNA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CIGNA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/kevin-hern/other-data?cycle=2022","https://hern.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://legisletter.org/legislator/kevin-hern-H001082/committees"]},{"id":"P2_H001082_uodcfs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELF INSURANCE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Kevin Hern serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SELF INSURANCE PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SELF INSURANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/kevin-hern/other-data?cycle=2022","https://hern.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://legisletter.org/legislator/kevin-hern-H001082/committees"]},{"id":"P3_H001082_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 30 BUYS vs 8 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":30,"sells":8,"netBuy":22,"total":38}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_H001082_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 126 BUYS vs 7 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":126,"sells":7,"netBuy":119,"total":133}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_H001082_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 4 Defense bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 27 BUYS vs 3 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":27,"sells":3,"netBuy":24,"total":30}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_H001082_8d6j7","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,110,000 lobbying spike near ACN trade","explanation":"ACN was lobbied $1,110,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $416,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-10-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"ACN","recentTotal":1110000,"baselineAvg":416667,"recordCount":13,"topClients":["ACCENTURE FEDERAL SERVICES LLC","ACCENTURE LLP","ACCENTURE"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_H001082_q3ebip","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$960,000 lobbying spike near MCD trade","explanation":"MCD was lobbied $960,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $323,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","date":"2025-10-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"MCD","recentTotal":960000,"baselineAvg":323333,"recordCount":3,"topClients":["MCDONALD'S CORPORATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001082_ijx10n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,775 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $71,775 across 54 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,099.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00636092","date":"2017-03-31","amount":71775,"count":54,"baseline":8099,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636092/"]},{"id":"P15_H001082_xrg4ni","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,800 donation spike on 2024-05-30 — 16.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-30 this committee recorded $70,800 across 111 contributions — 16.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,298.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00636092","date":"2024-05-30","amount":70800,"count":111,"baseline":4298,"ratio":16.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636092/"]},{"id":"P17_H001082_NEE_2023-01-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-25 and 2023-01-31, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-01-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-01-25 to 2023-01-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001082_TXN_2021-07-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-07-21 and 2021-07-28, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2021-07-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001205","name":"Carol Miller"}],"span":"2021-07-21 to 2021-07-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001082_EMR_2023-09-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-11 and 2023-09-13, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2023-09-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-09-11 to 2023-09-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001082_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"36 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kevin Hern executed 36 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TROW","date":"2026-03-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IVZ","date":"2026-03-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","date":"2024-05-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2024-04-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Investment Company Names Form N-PORT Reporting; Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Investment Company Names Form N-PORT Reporting; Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-02-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001082_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"77 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kevin Hern executed 77 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2026-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTSH","date":"2026-03-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRGS","date":"2026-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","date":"2025-10-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating and Streamlining the Department of Commerce's Privacy Act Regulations","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating and Streamlining the Department of Commerce's Privacy Act Regulations","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2026-02-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001082_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kevin Hern executed 17 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-12-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-06-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-03-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-12-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Scientific Integrity Policy; Withdrawal","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2024-12-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption Relating to Agricultural Wa","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-05-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001082_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"128 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kevin Hern executed 128 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVN","date":"2024-12-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2024-12-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVN","date":"2024-06-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2024-06-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Section 504 Direct Single Family Housing Home Repair Loans and Grants; Materials Pilot Program","agency":"Agriculture Department, Rural Housing Service","date":"2024-12-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2024-11-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001082_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kevin Hern executed 29 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-06-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2024-06-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-03-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2024-03-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2024-05-30"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Technical Amendments; Correction","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2024-05-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001082_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kevin Hern executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARCB","date":"2022-12-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-16,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARCB","date":"2021-11-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-10,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2023-01-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Petition for Rulemaking-Railroad Consolidation Procedures-Exemption for Emergency Temporary Trackage Rights","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-12-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001082_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Agriculture trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kevin Hern executed 1 Agriculture-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","date":"2022-04-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001082_cr05p2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Hern campaign paid $25,109,911 to 47 surname-matched vendors, top: SMITH, THOMAS","explanation":"Kevin Hern's campaign paid 140 disbursements totaling $25,109,911 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH, THOMAS","total":16549581.65,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":10000000,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":4225000,"date":"2012-05-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":1200000,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","total":3000000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-11-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2006-06-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-06-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH, SANDY","total":1042000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH, SANDY","amount":250000,"date":"2023-10-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SMITH, SANDY","amount":150000,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SMITH, SANDY","amount":100000,"date":"2021-07-19","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CINDY HYDE-SMITH FOR US SENATE","total":405085.22,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CINDY HYDE-SMITH FOR US SENATE","amount":243646.22,"date":"2025-06-20","description":"NET DISTRIBUTION OF JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CINDY HYDE-SMITH FOR US SENATE","amount":82000,"date":"2026-03-23","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CINDY HYDE-SMITH FOR US SENATE","amount":79439,"date":"2018-06-27","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH & LISS LLC","total":352231.3,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH & LISS LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2020-11-25","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SMITH & LISS LLC","amount":102231.3,"date":"2021-02-01","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SMITH"]},{"id":"P20_H001082_pgm360","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 5 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 5 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2026-03-17","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-12-31","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2023-01-31","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2023-01-31","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2818221.0700000003,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ECL","date":"2023-01-31","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":126777.30999999997,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_H001082_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Healthcare trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Healthcare bills","explanation":"Member Kevin Hern cast Healthcare-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-12-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","daysDiff":5,"sector":"Healthcare"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_H001082","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense and actively trades in Finance, Healthcare, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":38},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":42},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":30}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001082","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing; 3 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 2 more)","explanation":"Kevin Hern has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 3 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":63,"highSeverityCount":25,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_H001082_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+7 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Kevin Hern accumulated 32 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 7 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 7 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":7,"totalRaw":32,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":7,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001082"]},{"id":"P40_H001082_LIN_20240415","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in LIN 18 days before SEC action","explanation":"Kevin Hern traded LIN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2024-04-15","title":"Scott Lindell","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25977"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-28","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25977"]},{"id":"P40_H001082_INTC_20250101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in INTC 1 day before FTC action","explanation":"Kevin Hern sold INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-01-01","title":"FTC Finalizes Order Prohibiting IntelliVision from Making Deceptive Claims About Its Facial Recognition Software","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/ftc-finalizes-order-prohibiting-intellivision-making-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-31","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/ftc-finalizes-order-prohibiting-intellivision-making-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"]},{"id":"P41_H001082_hr-3668_UNH_20251223","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-3668","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a sell in UNH within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-3668. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-3668","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SAP-HR3668-HR3638.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-12","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SAP-HR3668-HR3638.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_H001082_hr-3898_UNH_20251223","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of UNH within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-3898","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a sell in UNH within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-3898. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-3898","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SAP-HR3898.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-12","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SAP-HR3898.pdf"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_UNH_20251223","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2025-Q4 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a sell in UNH during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-23","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_JNJ_20241231","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2024-Q4 while JOHNSON MATTHEY INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a sell in JNJ during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON MATTHEY INC., JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-31","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["JOHNSON MATTHEY INC.","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.","BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK, LLP OBO JOHNSON & JOHNSON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_XOM_20240503","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2024-Q2 while EXXONMOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in XOM during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-03","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_MSFT_20230104","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2023-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a sell in MSFT during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-04","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_LMT_20211020","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LMT in 2021-Q4 while LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in LMT during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR, LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-20","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_V_20211020","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of V in 2021-Q4 while VISA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in V during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA INC, VISA, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-20","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["VISA INC","VISA, U.S.A., INC.","VISA U.S.A. INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_CVX_20211020","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2021-Q4 while CHEVRON, USA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in CVX during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON, USA, INC., CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-20","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_UNH_20210923","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2021-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in UNH during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_RTX_20210923","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of RTX in 2021-Q3 while RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in RTX during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES), RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES)","RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)","RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKARAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_UNH_20210902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2021-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in UNH during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_JNJ_20210902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2021-Q3 while JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in JNJ during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC., JOHNSON MATTHEY INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.","JOHNSON MATTHEY INC.","JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_RTX_20210902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of RTX in 2021-Q3 while RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in RTX during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES), RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES)","RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)","RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKARAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_LMT_20210825","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LMT in 2021-Q3 while LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in LMT during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION, LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-25","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_AMZN_20210730","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2021-Q3 while AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in AMZN during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC, AMAZON). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-30","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_GOOGL_20210730","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2021-Q3 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in GOOGL during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FKA GOOGLE LLC)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-30","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FKA GOOGLE LLC)","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_MSFT_20210721","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-21","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_JPM_20210701","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2021-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in JPM during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-01","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_JPM_20210625","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2021-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in JPM during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-25","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_MSFT_20210625","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-25","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_JNJ_20210625","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2021-Q2 while FARRAGUT PARTNERS LLP ON BEHALF OF JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in JNJ during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (FARRAGUT PARTNERS LLP ON BEHALF OF JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC., JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-25","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["FARRAGUT PARTNERS LLP ON BEHALF OF JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC.","JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_MSFT_20210625","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-25","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_AMZN_20200326","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2020-Q1 while AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in AMZN during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC, AMAZON.COM, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON.COM, INC.","TEAM HALLAHAN LLC ON BEHALF OF AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_MSFT_20200326","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2020-Q1 while CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in MSFT during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001082_XOM_20190807","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2019-Q3 while EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed a buy in XOM during 2019-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-07","quarter":"2019-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q3","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXONMOBIL"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_ACN_20230517","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ACN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ACN 1 day after a corporate insider (SARIN ARUN  (CIK 0001188405)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"SARIN ARUN  (CIK 0001188405)","filingDate":"2023-05-16","adsh":"0001467373-23-000198","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_ACN_20230131","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $ACN 1 day after a corporate insider (McKinstry Nancy  (CIK 0001294731)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"McKinstry Nancy  (CIK 0001294731)","filingDate":"2023-01-30","adsh":"0001467373-23-000061","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_EL_20200214","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $EL 1 day after a corporate insider (El-Hibri Fuad  (CIK 0001380185)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"El-Hibri Fuad  (CIK 0001380185)","filingDate":"2020-02-13","adsh":"0000899243-20-004522","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_MSFT_20200910","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0001819285-20-000026","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_LIN_20240621","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LIN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $LIN 1 day after a corporate insider (DCM IV L P  (CIK 0001292877)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"DCM IV L P  (CIK 0001292877)","filingDate":"2024-06-20","adsh":"0001857816-24-000162","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_EXAS_20260324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EXAS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $EXAS 1 day after a corporate insider (Petrovic Shacey  (CIK 0001631895)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXAS","filer":"Petrovic Shacey  (CIK 0001631895)","filingDate":"2026-03-23","adsh":"0001193125-26-118748","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_DHR_20230131","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $DHR 1 day after a corporate insider (Ellis Brian W  (CIK 0001662008)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHR","filer":"Ellis Brian W  (CIK 0001662008)","filingDate":"2023-01-30","adsh":"0000313616-23-000031","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_TXN_20230131","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TXN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $TXN 1 day after a corporate insider (Ilan Haviv  (CIK 0001695466)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXN","filer":"Ilan Haviv  (CIK 0001695466)","filingDate":"2023-01-30","adsh":"0001127602-23-002725","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_ROK_20211210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ROK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ROK 1 day after a corporate insider (GENEREUX SCOTT  (CIK 0001456171)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROK","filer":"GENEREUX SCOTT  (CIK 0001456171)","filingDate":"2021-12-09","adsh":"0001024478-21-000133","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_XOM_20211210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $XOM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $XOM 1 day after a corporate insider (DuCharme Linda D  (CIK 0001771272)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"DuCharme Linda D  (CIK 0001771272)","filingDate":"2021-12-09","adsh":"0001127602-21-030623","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_NGL_20200214","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NGL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $NGL 1 day after a corporate insider (COLLINGSWORTH JAMES M  (CIK 0001206714)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NGL","filer":"COLLINGSWORTH JAMES M  (CIK 0001206714)","filingDate":"2020-02-13","adsh":"0001104659-20-020306","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_TIP_20210806","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TIP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $TIP 1 day after a corporate insider (Squires James A  (CIK 0001305086)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TIP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TIP","filer":"Squires James A  (CIK 0001305086)","filingDate":"2021-08-05","adsh":"0001225208-21-011223","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_CERN_20220610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CERN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $CERN 1 day after a corporate insider (RIEDEL GEORGE ANDREW  (CIK 0001354756)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CERN","filer":"RIEDEL GEORGE ANDREW  (CIK 0001354756)","filingDate":"2022-06-09","adsh":"0001209191-22-035503","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_EMR_20221209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EMR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $EMR 2 days after a corporate insider (Froedge James  (CIK 0001823357)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EMR","filer":"Froedge James  (CIK 0001823357)","filingDate":"2022-12-07","adsh":"0000950138-22-000245","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_BSX_20210721","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BSX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $BSX 2 days after a corporate insider (Carruthers Wendy  (CIK 0001563565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Carruthers Wendy  (CIK 0001563565)","filingDate":"2021-07-19","adsh":"0001225208-21-010757","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_ADBE_20210721","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADBE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ADBE 2 days after a corporate insider (WARNOCK JOHN E  (CIK 0001032856)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"WARNOCK JOHN E  (CIK 0001032856)","filingDate":"2021-07-19","adsh":"0000796343-21-000164","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_HD_20250926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $HD 2 days after a corporate insider (BROWN ANGIE  (CIK 0002071648)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"BROWN ANGIE  (CIK 0002071648)","filingDate":"2025-09-24","adsh":"0000354950-25-000233","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_UNH_20210923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $UNH 2 days after a corporate insider (BURKE RICHARD T  (CIK 0000905023)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"BURKE RICHARD T  (CIK 0000905023)","filingDate":"2021-09-21","adsh":"0001209191-21-057045","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_NEE_20240315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NEE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $NEE 2 days after a corporate insider (May James Michael  (CIK 0001769378)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"May James Michael  (CIK 0001769378)","filingDate":"2024-03-13","adsh":"0001062993-24-006323","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_TXN_20200326","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TXN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $TXN 2 days after a corporate insider (KIRK RONALD  (CIK 0001186342)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXN","filer":"KIRK RONALD  (CIK 0001186342)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-011872","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_XOM_20221209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $XOM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $XOM 2 days after a corporate insider (Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)","filingDate":"2022-12-07","adsh":"0001127602-22-027017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_MSFT_20200611","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $MSFT 3 days after a corporate insider (STANTON JOHN W  (CIK 0000904858)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"STANTON JOHN W  (CIK 0000904858)","filingDate":"2020-06-08","adsh":"0001626431-20-000044","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_HD_20240613","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $HD 3 days after a corporate insider (ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)","filingDate":"2024-06-10","adsh":"0001140361-24-029623","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_EXAS_20200727","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $EXAS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $EXAS 3 days after a corporate insider (LEVANGIE DANIEL J  (CIK 0001187406)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXAS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXAS","filer":"LEVANGIE DANIEL J  (CIK 0001187406)","filingDate":"2020-07-24","adsh":"0001209191-20-043601","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_HON_20220408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HON 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $HON 3 days after a corporate insider (Gregg Judd A.  (CIK 0001514445)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Gregg Judd A.  (CIK 0001514445)","filingDate":"2022-04-05","adsh":"0001209191-22-023071","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001082_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+31 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Kevin Hern accumulated 56 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 31 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":31,"totalRaw":56}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_ACN_20231115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ACN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ACN 1 day before a corporate insider (Shook Ellyn  (CIK 0001600370)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Shook Ellyn  (CIK 0001600370)","filingDate":"2023-11-16","adsh":"0001467373-23-000365"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_ACN_20230815","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ACN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ACN 1 day before a corporate insider (SARIN ARUN  (CIK 0001188405)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"SARIN ARUN  (CIK 0001188405)","filingDate":"2023-08-16","adsh":"0001467373-23-000276"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_MSFT_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001062993-23-001845"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_PH_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $PH 1 day before a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001539497-23-000110"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_ADBE_20221219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (Garfield Mark S.  (CIK 0001602315)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Garfield Mark S.  (CIK 0001602315)","filingDate":"2022-12-20","adsh":"0000796343-22-000232"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_ADBE_20200409","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (DALEY JAMES E  (CIK 0001120656)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"DALEY JAMES E  (CIK 0001120656)","filingDate":"2020-04-10","adsh":"0000796343-20-000089"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_JNJ_20230307","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $JNJ 1 day before a corporate insider (Swanson James D.  (CIK 0001904785)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Swanson James D.  (CIK 0001904785)","filingDate":"2023-03-08","adsh":"0001225208-23-003576"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_JNJ_20200727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $JNJ 1 day before a corporate insider (McEvoy Ashley  (CIK 0001745936)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"McEvoy Ashley  (CIK 0001745936)","filingDate":"2020-07-28","adsh":"0001225208-20-010009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_LIN_20240328","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LIN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $LIN 1 day before a corporate insider (DCM IV L P  (CIK 0001292877)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"DCM IV L P  (CIK 0001292877)","filingDate":"2024-03-29","adsh":"0001857816-24-000069"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_HD_20241212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $HD 1 day before a corporate insider (Lacey Roger HD  (CIK 0001469238)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Lacey Roger HD  (CIK 0001469238)","filingDate":"2024-12-13","adsh":"0001213900-24-108851"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_HD_20211216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $HD 1 day before a corporate insider (McPhail Richard V  (CIK 0001787630)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"McPhail Richard V  (CIK 0001787630)","filingDate":"2021-12-17","adsh":"0000354950-21-000238"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_UNH_20220920","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $UNH 1 day before a corporate insider (HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)","filingDate":"2022-09-21","adsh":"0001209191-22-050878"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_INTC_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $INTC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $INTC 1 day before a corporate insider (NOVICK BARBARA  (CIK 0001059222)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"NOVICK BARBARA  (CIK 0001059222)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-002931"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_INTC_20200727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $INTC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $INTC 1 day before a corporate insider (SWAN ROBERT HOLMES  (CIK 0001218363)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"SWAN ROBERT HOLMES  (CIK 0001218363)","filingDate":"2020-07-28","adsh":"0001127602-20-022178"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_NEE_20210915","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NEE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $NEE 1 day before a corporate insider (KETCHUM JOHN W  (CIK 0001667990)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"KETCHUM JOHN W  (CIK 0001667990)","filingDate":"2021-09-16","adsh":"0000753308-21-000159"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_BLK_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BLK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $BLK 1 day before a corporate insider (Cohen Stephen  (CIK 0001855412)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Cohen Stephen  (CIK 0001855412)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-002986"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_CMCSA_20260317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $CMCSA 1 day before a corporate insider (Khoury Jennifer  (CIK 0001958734)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Khoury Jennifer  (CIK 0001958734)","filingDate":"2026-03-18","adsh":"0001225208-26-003802"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_ROK_20230612","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ROK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ROK 1 day before a corporate insider (Moret Blake D.  (CIK 0001515154)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROK","filer":"Moret Blake D.  (CIK 0001515154)","filingDate":"2023-06-13","adsh":"0001024478-23-000074"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_ROK_20221212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ROK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ROK 1 day before a corporate insider (Shepherd Brian A  (CIK 0001458677)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROK","filer":"Shepherd Brian A  (CIK 0001458677)","filingDate":"2022-12-13","adsh":"0001024478-22-000183"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_LMT_20200727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $LMT 1 day before a corporate insider (St John Frank A  (CIK 0001728300)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMT","filer":"St John Frank A  (CIK 0001728300)","filingDate":"2020-07-28","adsh":"0001225208-20-009995"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_MMC_20210816","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MMC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $MMC 1 day before a corporate insider (FANJUL OSCAR  (CIK 0001194447)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMC","filer":"FANJUL OSCAR  (CIK 0001194447)","filingDate":"2021-08-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-023852"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_CR_20200727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $CR 1 day before a corporate insider (BENANTE MARTIN R  (CIK 0001208946)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CR","filer":"BENANTE MARTIN R  (CIK 0001208946)","filingDate":"2020-07-28","adsh":"0000025445-20-000093"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_MDT_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MDT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern sell $MDT 2 days before a corporate insider (Kirk Jennifer M  (CIK 0001613343)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Kirk Jennifer M  (CIK 0001613343)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001127602-23-003128"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_KO_20200727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $KO 2 days before a corporate insider (Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)","filingDate":"2020-07-29","adsh":"0001209191-20-043924"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_ACN_20230215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ACN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kevin Hern buy $ACN 2 days before a corporate insider (SARIN ARUN  (CIK 0001188405)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"SARIN ARUN  (CIK 0001188405)","filingDate":"2023-02-17","adsh":"0001467373-23-000105"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001082_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+106 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Kevin Hern accumulated 131 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 106 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":106,"totalRaw":131}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_H001082_Compassion_Home_Health_Care_118003","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Compassion Home Health Care testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"After the Hospital: Ensuring Access to Quality Post-Acute Care\". The witness Dr. Dana Madison (Compassion Home Health Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118003","title":"After the Hospital: Ensuring Access to Quality Post-Acute Care","date":"2025-03-11T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Dana Madison","witnessOrg":"Compassion Home Health Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118003"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118003","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001082_The_Home_Depot_117588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-08-16 held a hearing titled \"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest\". The witness Karen Dewalt (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117588","title":"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest","date":"2024-08-16T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Karen Dewalt","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_H001082_Duly_Health_Care_117466","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Duly Health & Care testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2024-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Improving Value-Based Care for Patients and Providers\". The witness Dr. Matthew Philip (Duly Health & Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"117466","title":"Improving Value-Based Care for Patients and Providers","date":"2024-06-26T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Matthew Philip","witnessOrg":"Duly Health & Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117466"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117466","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001082_Independence_Blue_Cross_119201","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Independence Blue Cross testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2026-04-21 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee Hearing on Protecting Patients and Taxpayers: Cracking Down on Medicare Fraud\". The witness Mr. Christopher Deery (Independence Blue Cross) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"119201","title":"Full Committee Hearing on Protecting Patients and Taxpayers: Cracking Down on Medicare Fraud","date":"2026-04-21T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Christopher Deery","witnessOrg":"Independence Blue Cross","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119201"},{"source":"donor","name":"BLUEPAC-BLUE CROSS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUEPAC-BLUE%20CROSS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119201","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUEPAC-BLUE%20CROSS"]},{"id":"P48_H001082_117391","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 1 day before a Healthcare hearing in House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare, which on 2024-06-04 held a hearing titled \"Reforming Unemployment Insurance to Support American Workers and Businesses\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare","eventId":"117391","title":"Reforming Unemployment Insurance to Support American Workers and Businesses","date":"2024-06-04T18:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117391"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117391","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_H001082_117219","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JPM 1 day before a Finance hearing in House Ways and Means","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Hearing with Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117219","title":"Hearing with Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen","date":"2024-04-30T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117219"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117219","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_H001082_116974","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNH on the same day as a Healthcare hearing in House Ways and Means","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Access to Health Care in America: Ensuring Resilient Emergency Medical Care\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member buy $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"116974","title":"Access to Health Care in America: Ensuring Resilient Emergency Medical Care","date":"2024-03-18T18:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116974"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116974","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_H001082_116290","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JPM 3 days after a Finance hearing in House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight, which on 2023-07-27 held a hearing titled \"The Employee Retention Tax Credit Experience: Confusion, Delays, and Fraud\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 3 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight","eventId":"116290","title":"The Employee Retention Tax Credit Experience: Confusion, Delays, and Fraud","date":"2023-07-27T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116290"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116290","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_H001082_115552","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 3 days before a Healthcare hearing in House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"Why Health Care is Unaffordable:\r\nThe Fallout of Democrats’ Inflation on Patients and Small Businesses\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member buy $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"115552","title":"Why Health Care is Unaffordable:\r\nThe Fallout of Democrats’ Inflation on Patients and Small Businesses","date":"2023-03-23T13:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115552"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115552","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_H001082_116256","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JPM 11 days after a Finance hearing in House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Tax","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Tax, which on 2023-07-19 held a hearing titled \"Biden's Global Tax Surrender Harms American Workers and Our Economy\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 11 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Tax","eventId":"116256","title":"Biden's Global Tax Surrender Harms American Workers and Our Economy","date":"2023-07-19T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116256"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116256","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_H001082_115768","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JPM 8 days after a Finance hearing in House Ways and Means","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"The U.S. Tax Code Subsidizing Green Corporate Handouts and the Chinese Communist Party\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 8 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"115768","title":"The U.S. Tax Code Subsidizing Green Corporate Handouts and the Chinese Communist Party","date":"2023-04-19T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115768"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115768","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_H001082_115817","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JPM 1 day after a Finance hearing in House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight","explanation":"Kevin Hern sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"Tax-Exempt Hospitals and the Community Benefit Standard\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight","eventId":"115817","title":"Tax-Exempt Hospitals and the Community Benefit Standard","date":"2023-04-26T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115817"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115817","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001082_2025-12-17_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 6 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Kevin Hern delivered a 347-word floor speech on 2025-12-17 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I am pleased this bill is coming to the floor today. Every patient’s health needs are unique, and every person’s situation is different. This is why it is so important to expand and pro…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-12-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":347,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I am pleased this bill is coming to the floor today. Every patient’s health needs are unique, and every person’s situation is different. This is why it is so important to expand and pro","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/17/171/213/CREC-2025-12-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/17/171/213/CREC-2025-12-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001082_2023-09-18_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RTX 11 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kevin Hern delivered a 509-word floor speech on 2023-09-18 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the life of my constituent and World War II veteran, William Norman Parker, who passed away on September 11 as an American hero. Mr. Parker was one of the first sol-…\"). The member buy $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 11 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-09-18","chamber":"House","wordCount":509,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the life of my constituent and World War II veteran, William Norman Parker, who passed away on September 11 as an American hero. Mr. Parker was one of the first sol-","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/09/18/169/150/CREC-2023-09-18-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/09/18/169/150/CREC-2023-09-18-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001082_2023-06-21_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 6 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Kevin Hern delivered a 481-word floor speech on 2023-06-21 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, as a small business owner and job creator for over the past 35 years, I offered healthcare plans to my employees and worked with them to find the best coverage for their families. I have…\"). The member buy $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-06-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":481,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, as a small business owner and job creator for over the past 35 years, I offered healthcare plans to my employees and worked with them to find the best coverage for their families. I have","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/06/21/169/108/CREC-2023-06-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-06"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/06/21/169/108/CREC-2023-06-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001082_2023-03-29_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WMB 2 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Kevin Hern delivered a 179-word floor speech on 2023-03-29 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I rise to speak on my amendment. The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: Add at the end of division A the following: SEC. 100…\"). The member buy $WMB (a Energy-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-03-29","chamber":"House","wordCount":179,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I rise to speak on my amendment. The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: Add at the end of division A the following: SEC. 100","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/29/169/57/CREC-2023-03-29-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/29/169/57/CREC-2023-03-29-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001082_2022-03-31_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LMT 6 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kevin Hern delivered a 206-word floor speech on 2022-03-31 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, a very spe- cial friend and constituent of mine turned 100 years old last week. Her name is Marina Metevelis, but back home, she is better known as Tulsa’s ‘‘Rosie the Riveter.’’ Marina t…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 6 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-03-31","chamber":"House","wordCount":206,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, a very spe- cial friend and constituent of mine turned 100 years old last week. Her name is Marina Metevelis, but back home, she is better known as Tulsa’s ‘‘Rosie the Riveter.’’ Marina t","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/31/168/57/CREC-2022-03-31-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/31/168/57/CREC-2022-03-31-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001082_2022-03-31_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WMB 3 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Kevin Hern delivered a 457-word floor speech on 2022-03-31 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise to op- pose the previous question so that we can immediately consider H.R. 6858. This administration has sent des- perate requests for oil from oppressive regimes like Iran and Ven…\"). The member buy $WMB (a Energy-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-03-31","chamber":"House","wordCount":457,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise to op- pose the previous question so that we can immediately consider H.R. 6858. This administration has sent des- perate requests for oil from oppressive regimes like Iran and Ven","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/31/168/57/CREC-2022-03-31-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/31/168/57/CREC-2022-03-31-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001082_2021-09-24_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RTX 1 day before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kevin Hern delivered a 233-word floor speech on 2021-09-24 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, today I rise in support of important funding in- cluded in this year’s NDAA that will benefit an important initiative with re- spect to industrial control systems. Specifically, this fu…\"). The member buy $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-09-24","chamber":"House","wordCount":233,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, today I rise in support of important funding in- cluded in this year’s NDAA that will benefit an important initiative with re- spect to industrial control systems. Specifically, this fu","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/24/167/166/CREC-2021-09-24-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/24/167/166/CREC-2021-09-24-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_H001082_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"24 trades in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed 24 reported trades in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":24,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-12"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_H001082","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"39 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $260,340","explanation":"Kevin Hern received campaign contributions totaling $260,340 from 39 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 38 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($24,950); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($20,390); RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL US SERVICES LLC ($15,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($10,000); VALERO ENERGY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":39,"totalDollars":260340,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":24950,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AIPAC PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":20390,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL RESTAURANT ASSOCIATION PAC (RESTAURANT PAC)","ldaClient":"RESTAURANT BRANDS INTERNATIONAL US SERVICES LLC","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_H001082","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $70,800 on 2024-05-30 (16.5× normal)","explanation":"Kevin Hern's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $70,800 on 2024-05-30 — 16.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":70800,"maxRatio":16.5,"maxAmount":70800},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-05-30","amount":70800,"ratio":16.5,"baselineDaily":4298,"count":111,"cmteId":"C00636092","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00636092&min_date=2024-05-30&max_date=2024-05-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00636092&min_date=2024-05-30&max_date=2024-05-30"]},{"id":"P65_H001082_2020-07-22","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"44 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-07-22 — 43 unique tickers","explanation":"Kevin Hern executed 44 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-07-22 to 2020-07-27), spanning 43 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-07-22","windowEnd":"2020-07-27","tradeCount":44,"uniqueTickers":43,"totalDisclosedTrades":674,"sampleTickers":["XOM","ICE","OTIS","CARR","CRM","HON","INTC","PG","ROK","COST"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001082","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 24 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 161 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kevin Hern appears in 24 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 161 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 24 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (26); insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); lobbying timeline trade (24); committee pac conflict (10).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":24,"totalFindings":161,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":24},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":7},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":2}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001082","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_H001082","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Hern named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.6M total receipts) — top: HERN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Kevin Hern appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HERN VICTORY FUND (C00736975, $1.6M receipts, treasurer PHILLIPS, ROBERT III). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.57,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00736975","name":"HERN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1571210.55,"treasurer":"PHILLIPS, ROBERT III","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736975/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736975/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00736975/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_H001082","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Hern draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.6M PAC / $22.5M total)","explanation":"Kevin Hern's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.6M of $22.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.63,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.54,"pacSharePct":42.7,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8OK01157"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OK01157/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_H001082","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Hern disclosed 74 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 28 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL SMA $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Kevin Hern has filed 74 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 28 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL SMA $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2026-03-18 · SELL TXN $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2026-03-18 · SELL ACN $250,001 - $500,000 on 2026-03-16 · SELL ICLR $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-03-05.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":74,"veryHighCount":28,"lowerBoundSum":14600074,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"SMA","action":"SELL","date":"2026-03-18","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"TXN","action":"SELL","date":"2026-03-18","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","date":"2026-03-16","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ICLR","action":"SELL","date":"2026-03-05","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","date":"2025-12-23","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","date":"2025-10-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_H001082","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Hern executed 9 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY TXN (14d apart)","explanation":"Kevin Hern has 9 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY TXN 2023-01-31 → 2023-02-14 (14d) · SELL→BUY ACN 2023-01-31 → 2023-02-15 (15d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2022-12-08 → 2023-01-04 (27d) · SELL→BUY INTC 2023-01-31 → 2023-03-01 (29d) · BUY→SELL JPM 2023-01-31 → 2023-01-31 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":9,"samples":[{"ticker":"TXN","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-01-31","date2":"2023-02-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ACN","days":15,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-01-31","date2":"2023-02-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-12-08","date2":"2023-01-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-01-31","date2":"2023-03-01","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-01-31","date2":"2023-01-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","days":5,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-07-22","date2":"2020-07-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"HON","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-03-11","date2":"2022-04-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-14","date2":"2020-02-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_H001082","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Hern's PAC funding concentrates 32% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Kevin Hern's PAC donors concentrate 32% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Healthcare $0.03M · Finance $0.03M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":32.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Healthcare":0.03,"Finance":0.03,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OK01157/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_H001082","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Hern triggers 64 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Kevin Hern accumulates 64 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":64,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_H001082","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Hern triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Kevin Hern accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P2","P3","P5","P15","P17","P18","P19","P20","P22","P33","P36","P40","P41","P37","P42","P43","P47","P48","P49","P52","P61","P62","P65","P78","P109","P138","P140","P141","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_H001082_2023-01-31","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Hern — 42 trades on 2023-01-31","explanation":"Kevin Hern disclosed 42 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-01-31). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-01-31","count":42}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_H001082","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Hern — 96% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (646/674)","explanation":"Kevin Hern's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 96% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":674,"atBracket":646,"pct":"95.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_H001082","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Hern — 131 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Kevin Hern has traded 131 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":131,"sample":["EXAS","PLD","TROW","MDT","SMA","TXN","KVUE","CTSH","MUA","BDX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_H001082_ACN","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Hern — 26 disclosed trades in single ticker ACN","explanation":"Kevin Hern traded ACN on 26 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the ACN trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"ACN","count":26}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001236":[{"id":"P1_M001236_bvdnkg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY COIN 0d BEFORE HR 4579 — \"FEMA Cybersecurity Improvement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded COIN (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4579 \"FEMA Cybersecurity Improvement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2025-09-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4579","title":"FEMA Cybersecurity Improvement Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-11","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204579"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_yzg15r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL CNC 0d BEFORE HR 1598 — \"Ensuring Access to Medicaid Buy-in Programs Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CNC (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 1598 \"Ensuring Access to Medicaid Buy-in Programs Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-08-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1598","title":"Ensuring Access to Medicaid Buy-in Programs Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201598"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_7bvno2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 0d BEFORE HR 10007 — \"Paramedic and Emergency Medical Technician Relief…\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 10007 \"Paramedic and Emergency Medical Technician Relief Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-08-15","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 10007","title":"Paramedic and Emergency Medical Technician Relief Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-08-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2010007"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_tfh5bd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL INTC 1d BEFORE HR 462 — \"Medicaid-SCHIP Dental Benefits Improvement Act of…\" · sponsor D-MD","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 1 days of HR 462 \"Medicaid-SCHIP Dental Benefits Improvement Act of 2009\", sponsored by Rep. Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD-7].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-08-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 462","title":"Medicaid-SCHIP Dental Benefits Improvement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD-7]","sponsorBioguide":"C000984","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MD","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20462"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_2oikq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY INTC 0d BEFORE HR 135 — \"Cyber Privacy Fortification Act of 2017\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 0 days of HR 135 \"Cyber Privacy Fortification Act of 2017\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-08-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 135","title":"Cyber Privacy Fortification Act of 2017","introducedDate":"2025-08-11","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20135"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_3uqa69","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY UNH 0d BEFORE HR 9686 — \"HEALTH Panel Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 9686 \"HEALTH Panel Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-08-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 9686","title":"HEALTH Panel Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%209686"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_742qyz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY INTC 3d after S 162 — \"Recruiting Families Using Data Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 3 days of S 162 \"Recruiting Families Using Data Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-08-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 162","title":"Recruiting Families Using Data Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-08-05","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20162"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_xwwj31","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CNC 0d BEFORE HR 4757 — \"Pigs and Public Health Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CNC (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 4757 \"Pigs and Public Health Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-08-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4757","title":"Pigs and Public Health Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204757"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_oamvbv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY INTC 0d BEFORE S 1638 — \"Protection Against Foreign Adversarial Artificial…\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 0 days of S 1638 \"Protection Against Foreign Adversarial Artificial Intelligence Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-08-01","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1638","title":"Protection Against Foreign Adversarial Artificial Intelligence Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-08-01","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201638"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_gdkqra","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CNC 0d BEFORE HRES 593 — \"Congratulating the Oncology Nursing Society on the…\"","explanation":"Member traded CNC (Healthcare) within 0 days of HRES 593 \"Congratulating the Oncology Nursing Society on the occasion of its 50th annivers\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-07-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 593","title":"Congratulating the Oncology Nursing Society on the occasion of its 50th anniversary, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-07-30","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20593"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_jmkf4z","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY INTC 0d BEFORE HR 4347 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4347 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-07-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4347","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-07-29","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204347"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_6c03ns","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CNC 0d BEFORE HR 5693 — \"Racehorse Health and Safety Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded CNC (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 5693 \"Racehorse Health and Safety Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-07-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5693","title":"Racehorse Health and Safety Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2025-07-29","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205693"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_325jf5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CNC 0d BEFORE HR 598 — \"To provide for a portion of the economic recovery…\" · sponsor D-NY","explanation":"Member traded CNC (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 598 \"To provide for a portion of the economic recovery package relating to revenue me\", sponsored by Rep. Rangel, Charles B. [D-NY-15].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-07-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 598","title":"To provide for a portion of the economic recovery package relating to revenue measures, unemployment, and health.","introducedDate":"2025-07-21","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rangel, Charles B. [D-NY-15]","sponsorBioguide":"R000053","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NY","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20598"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_59jane","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CNC 1d after HR 4184 — \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to excl…\"","explanation":"Member traded CNC (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 4184 \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income certain \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-07-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4184","title":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income certain compensation to clinical trial participa","introducedDate":"2025-07-17","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204184"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_h28z4x","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY UNH 1d BEFORE HR 4184 — \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to excl…\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 4184 \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income certain \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-07-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4184","title":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income certain compensation to clinical trial participa","introducedDate":"2025-07-17","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204184"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_li5288","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CNC 0d BEFORE HR 1448 — \"PEER Mental Health Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded CNC (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 1448 \"PEER Mental Health Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-07-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1448","title":"PEER Mental Health Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-07-14","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201448"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_aeen79","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAL 1d BEFORE S 1480 — \"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AAL (Transportation) within 1 days of S 1480 \"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-06-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1480","title":"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-18","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201480"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_49zn0s","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AAL 2d BEFORE S 1480 — \"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AAL (Transportation) within 2 days of S 1480 \"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-06-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1480","title":"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-18","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201480"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_49zn0s","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAL 2d BEFORE S 1480 — \"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AAL (Transportation) within 2 days of S 1480 \"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-06-16","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1480","title":"American Infrastructure Bonds Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-18","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201480"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_gth4ie","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 2171 — \"Spectrum Coordination Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 2171 \"Spectrum Coordination Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-06-02","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2171","title":"Spectrum Coordination Act","introducedDate":"2025-06-02","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202171"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_gth4ie","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 2171 — \"Spectrum Coordination Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 2171 \"Spectrum Coordination Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-06-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2171","title":"Spectrum Coordination Act","introducedDate":"2025-06-02","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202171"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_sttx8s","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAL 0d BEFORE HR 1265 — \"To amend the Save Our Seas 2.0 Act to expand eligi…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAL (Transportation) within 0 days of HR 1265 \"To amend the Save Our Seas 2.0 Act to expand eligibility for certain wastewater \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-05-02","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1265","title":"To amend the Save Our Seas 2.0 Act to expand eligibility for certain wastewater infrastructure grants, and for other pur","introducedDate":"2025-05-02","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201265"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_orzmkn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SMCI 1d after HR 1541 — \"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deplo…\"","explanation":"Member traded SMCI (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1541 \"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deployment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMCI","date":"2025-05-02","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1541","title":"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deployment Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-01","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201541"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_lv616z","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AAL 6d BEFORE S 174 — \"Amtrak Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAL (Transportation) within 6 days of S 174 \"Amtrak Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-03-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 174","title":"Amtrak Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-19","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20174"]},{"id":"P1_M001236_mc7nl6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AAL 7d BEFORE S 174 — \"Amtrak Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAL (Transportation) within 7 days of S 174 \"Amtrak Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-03-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 174","title":"Amtrak Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-19","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20174"]},{"id":"P2_M001236_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Moore serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://timmoore.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-tim-moore-named-house-committees-financial-services-and-budget","https://www.carolinajournal.com/speaker-moore-announces-nc-house-committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Moore_(North_Carolina_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001236_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Moore serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://timmoore.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-tim-moore-named-house-committees-financial-services-and-budget","https://www.carolinajournal.com/speaker-moore-announces-nc-house-committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Moore_(North_Carolina_politician)"]},{"id":"P5_M001236_f800j","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,445,000 lobbying spike near VZ trade","explanation":"VZ was lobbied $3,445,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $120,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","date":"2025-11-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"VZ","recentTotal":3445000,"baselineAvg":120000,"recordCount":10,"topClients":["VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS","VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES","VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001236_e95j0o","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,660,000 lobbying spike near CNC trade","explanation":"CNC was lobbied $1,660,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $381,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-08-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"CNC","recentTotal":1660000,"baselineAvg":381667,"recordCount":3,"topClients":["CENTENE CORPORATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001236_pwax69","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,245,000 lobbying spike near INTC trade","explanation":"INTC was lobbied $1,245,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $411,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-08-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"INTC","recentTotal":1245000,"baselineAvg":411667,"recordCount":5,"topClients":["INTEL CORPORATION","INTEL CORP"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001236_fn71sm","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,870,000 lobbying spike near AAL trade","explanation":"AAL was lobbied $1,870,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-05-02","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"AAL","recentTotal":1870000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":10,"topClients":["AMERICAN AIRLINES INC.","AMERICAN AIRLINES INC (FORMERLY REPORTED AS \"AMERICAN AIRLINES\")","AMERICAN AIRLINES INC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_M001236_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$587,501 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $587,501 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":587501,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P11_M001236_kv2vya","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"77% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $2,870,869 in itemized individual contributions, $2,216,220 (77%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2870869,"buckets":{"$200 and under":628,"$200.01-$499":67250,"$500-$999":160546,"$1000-$1999":426225,"$2000 and over":2216220},"megaShare":77.2,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001236_ng0wda","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$129,500 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $129,500 across 59 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,682.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00856005","date":"2025-03-31","amount":129500,"count":59,"baseline":10682,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856005/"]},{"id":"P15_M001236_nfidsj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,680 donation spike on 2025-11-17 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-17 this committee recorded $59,680 across 50 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,012.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00856005","date":"2025-11-17","amount":59680,"count":50,"baseline":6012,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856005/"]},{"id":"P17_M001236_F_2025-02-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-25 and 2025-03-04, 4 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-02-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"S001189","name":"Austin Scott"}],"span":"2025-02-25 to 2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001236_F_2025-02-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-26 and 2025-03-04, 3 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-02-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"S001189","name":"Austin Scott"}],"span":"2025-02-26 to 2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001236_F_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-10, 3 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001236_F_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-10, 3 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001236_CNC_2025-07-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CNC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-07-29 and 2025-08-05, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CNC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-07-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CNC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-07-29 to 2025-08-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001236_CNC_2025-07-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CNC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-07-30 and 2025-08-05, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CNC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-07-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CNC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-07-30 to 2025-08-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001236_CNC_2025-08-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CNC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-08-04 and 2025-08-08, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CNC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2025-08-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CNC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"}],"span":"2025-08-04 to 2025-08-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001236_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tim Moore executed 12 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2025-09-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-08-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-08-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Ohio; 2015 Ozone Moderate Reasonably Available Control Technology","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-08-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001236_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tim Moore executed 3 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-06-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-06-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":10,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":10,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001236_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tim Moore executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-03-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Form PF; Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers; Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-02-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001236_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tim Moore executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKR","date":"2025-03-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures; Miscellaneous Amendment","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-02-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001236_hgptxh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Moore campaign paid $36,712,567 to 63 surname-matched vendors, top: MOORE A SERIES LLC","explanation":"Tim Moore's campaign paid 308 disbursements totaling $36,712,567 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","total":16146400.339999998,"count":51,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":736620.47,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":731094.23,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":703490.83,"date":"2025-02-19","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":798012,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":472007,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":448608.56,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PATTON BOGGS, LLP","total":1920139.3199999998,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS, LLP","amount":350000,"date":"2012-12-28","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS, 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INC.","amount":163795.88,"date":"2010-08-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE LLC","total":1540844.4599999997,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":469273.19,"date":"2024-07-25","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":284206.49,"date":"2024-06-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":273971.69,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","total":1381289.02,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":259856,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"LITERATURE AND VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":215283,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) LITERATURE: PROMOTE KAINE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":199025,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) MAIL: OPPOSE GADE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MOORE%20A%20SERIES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P21_M001236_Transportation","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transportation BUYs filed 42d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Transportation (11 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Transportation","count":15,"avgGap":42,"buys":11,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":55,"avgGap":28}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_M001236_obk6kj","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"30 trades in HOG (Other) — 16% of this member's 190 total trades","explanation":"Tim Moore has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"HOG","count":30,"buys":20,"sells":10,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2025-01-03","lastDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"F","count":21,"buys":15,"sells":6,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2025-01-03","lastDate":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"HY","count":16,"buys":11,"sells":5,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2025-08-07","lastDate":"2026-01-05"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AAL","count":15,"buys":11,"sells":4,"sector":"Transportation","firstDate":"2025-03-12","lastDate":"2025-06-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_M001236_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56% of PAC dollars ($251,124) come from Party industry","explanation":"Tim Moore receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":251123.71,"share":56.3,"totalPAC":445857.63999999996,"pacCount":33},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":251123.71,"share":56.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":50000,"share":11.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":45000,"share":10.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"RealEstate","amount":20000,"share":4.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001236","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"12% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 1.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 190 disclosed trades, 22 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 1.8× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":22,"total":190,"rate":11.6},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":1.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001236","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Transportation)","explanation":"Tim Moore has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":64,"highSeverityCount":17,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Transportation","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_M001236_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+13 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Tim Moore accumulated 38 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 13 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 13 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":13,"totalRaw":38,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":13,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001236"]},{"id":"P40_M001236_INTC_20250801","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in INTC 3 days before FTC action","explanation":"Tim Moore traded INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-08-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order against Workado, LLC, Which Misrepresented the Accuracy of its Artificial Intelligence Content Detection Product","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/08/ftc-approves-final-order-against-workado-llc-which-misrepresented-accuracy-its-artificial"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/08/ftc-approves-final-order-against-workado-llc-which-misrepresented-accuracy-its-artificial"]},{"id":"P37_M001236_UNH_20250815","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2025-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tim Moore executed a sell in UNH during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-15","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001236_AAPL_20250602","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2025-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tim Moore executed a buy in AAPL during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-02","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE, INC.","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001236_AAPL_20250602","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2025-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tim Moore executed a sell in AAPL during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-02","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE, INC.","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_F_20250305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $F 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $F 1 day after a corporate insider (Cates Steven M.  (CIK 0001861675)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Cates Steven M.  (CIK 0001861675)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001104659-25-020509","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_HOG_20250212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $HOG 1 day after a corporate insider (ZEITZ JOCHEN  (CIK 0001409291)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"ZEITZ JOCHEN  (CIK 0001409291)","filingDate":"2025-02-11","adsh":"0000793952-25-000057","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_LGIH_20260312","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LGIH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $LGIH 2 days after a corporate insider (Vahradian Robert Karnig  (CIK 0001585093)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LGIH","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LGIH","filer":"Vahradian Robert Karnig  (CIK 0001585093)","filingDate":"2026-03-10","adsh":"0001580670-26-000025","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_HOG_20260312","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HOG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $HOG 3 days after a corporate insider (Starrs Artie  (CIK 0001732105)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"Starrs Artie  (CIK 0001732105)","filingDate":"2026-03-09","adsh":"0001732105-26-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_HOG_20250210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HOG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $HOG 3 days after a corporate insider (Root Jonathan R  (CIK 0001813721)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"Root Jonathan R  (CIK 0001813721)","filingDate":"2025-02-07","adsh":"0000793952-25-000021","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_CBRL_20251128","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CBRL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $CBRL 4 days after a corporate insider (HENRY CHERYL JANET  (CIK 0001541140)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CBRL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CBRL","filer":"HENRY CHERYL JANET  (CIK 0001541140)","filingDate":"2025-11-24","adsh":"0001541140-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_HOG_20251128","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HOG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $HOG 4 days after a corporate insider (Mansfield Luke Christopher  (CIK 0001757208)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"Mansfield Luke Christopher  (CIK 0001757208)","filingDate":"2025-11-24","adsh":"0001757208-25-000009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_AAL_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $AAL 4 days after a corporate insider (STEENLAND DOUGLAS M  (CIK 0001244673)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAL","filer":"STEENLAND DOUGLAS M  (CIK 0001244673)","filingDate":"2025-06-13","adsh":"0001664272-25-000340","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001236_F_20250108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $F 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $F 5 days after a corporate insider (Castagnoli Daniel  (CIK 0001967113)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Castagnoli Daniel  (CIK 0001967113)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0000950170-25-001553","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_F_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $F 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $F 1 day before a corporate insider (Cates Steven M.  (CIK 0001861675)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Cates Steven M.  (CIK 0001861675)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001104659-25-020509"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_HOG_20250210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $HOG 1 day before a corporate insider (ZEITZ JOCHEN  (CIK 0001409291)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"ZEITZ JOCHEN  (CIK 0001409291)","filingDate":"2025-02-11","adsh":"0000793952-25-000057"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_HOG_20250206","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $HOG 1 day before a corporate insider (Root Jonathan R  (CIK 0001813721)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"Root Jonathan R  (CIK 0001813721)","filingDate":"2025-02-07","adsh":"0000793952-25-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_HY_20260105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $HY 1 day before a corporate insider (Eliopoulos Edward T  (CIK 0001813453)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HY","filer":"Eliopoulos Edward T  (CIK 0001813453)","filingDate":"2026-01-06","adsh":"0001173514-26-000008"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_HOG_20250514","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HOG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $HOG 2 days before a corporate insider (LEVINSON SARA L  (CIK 0001243090)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"LEVINSON SARA L  (CIK 0001243090)","filingDate":"2025-05-16","adsh":"0000793952-25-000132"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_VZ_20251105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VZ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $VZ 2 days before a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2025-11-07","adsh":"0001934923-25-000022"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_DASH_20250304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DASH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $DASH 3 days before a corporate insider (Yandell Keith  (CIK 0001833552)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DASH","filer":"Yandell Keith  (CIK 0001833552)","filingDate":"2025-03-07","adsh":"0001415889-25-007369"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_HOG_20251121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HOG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $HOG 3 days before a corporate insider (Mansfield Luke Christopher  (CIK 0001757208)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"Mansfield Luke Christopher  (CIK 0001757208)","filingDate":"2025-11-24","adsh":"0001757208-25-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_VZ_20251007","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $VZ 3 days before a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2025-10-10","adsh":"0001934923-25-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_VZ_20250729","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $VZ 3 days before a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2025-08-01","adsh":"0000732712-25-000096"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_AAL_20250502","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $AAL 3 days before a corporate insider (May Devon E  (CIK 0001959309)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAL","filer":"May Devon E  (CIK 0001959309)","filingDate":"2025-05-05","adsh":"0001664272-25-000281"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_CBRL_20251120","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CBRL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $CBRL 4 days before a corporate insider (HENRY CHERYL JANET  (CIK 0001541140)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CBRL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CBRL","filer":"HENRY CHERYL JANET  (CIK 0001541140)","filingDate":"2025-11-24","adsh":"0001541140-25-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_HOG_20260312","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HOG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $HOG 4 days before a corporate insider (Do Charles  (CIK 0001998804)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"Do Charles  (CIK 0001998804)","filingDate":"2026-03-16","adsh":"0001998804-26-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_PG_20250910","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $PG 5 days before a corporate insider (Partners Group Private Equity (Master Fund), LLC  (CIK 0001447247)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Partners Group Private Equity (Master Fund), LLC  (CIK 0001447247)","filingDate":"2025-09-15","adsh":"0001193125-25-203741"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_HOG_20250730","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HOG 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $HOG 8 days before a corporate insider (Masood Rafeh  (CIK 0001744011)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOG","filer":"Masood Rafeh  (CIK 0001744011)","filingDate":"2025-08-07","adsh":"0000793952-25-000172"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_BKR_20250304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BKR 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore buy $BKR 8 days before a corporate insider (Simonelli Lorenzo  (CIK 0001709160)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKR","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKR","filer":"Simonelli Lorenzo  (CIK 0001709160)","filingDate":"2025-03-12","adsh":"0001701605-25-000059"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_F_20250310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $F 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $F 9 days before a corporate insider (Scarpelli Michael  (CIK 0001402349)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Scarpelli Michael  (CIK 0001402349)","filingDate":"2025-03-19","adsh":"0001640147-25-000042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001236_ROK_20250221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ROK 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Moore sell $ROK 10 days before a corporate insider (GENEREUX SCOTT  (CIK 0001456171)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROK","filer":"GENEREUX SCOTT  (CIK 0001456171)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0001024478-25-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_M001236_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Tim Moore sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_M001236_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Tim Moore sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_M001236_America_s_Credit_Unions_ACU__118324","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"America's Credit Unions (ACU) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Tim Moore sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\". The witness Mr. Andrew Morris (America's Credit Unions (ACU)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andrew Morris","witnessOrg":"America's Credit Unions (ACU)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_M001236_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Tim Moore sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_M001236_National_Association_of_Home_B_117970","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Tim Moore sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117970","title":"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America","date":"2025-03-04T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P48_M001236_118324","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 4 days before a Technology hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","explanation":"Tim Moore sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 4 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001236_117994","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BLK 8 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Tim Moore sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"Navigating the Digital Payments Ecosystem: Examining a Federal Framework for Payment Stablecoins and Consequences of a U.S. Central Bank Dig…\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $BLK (a Finance-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117994","title":"Navigating the Digital Payments Ecosystem: Examining a Federal Framework for Payment Stablecoins and Consequences of a U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency","date":"2025-03-11T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117994"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117994","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001236_117972","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BLK 1 day before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Tim Moore sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Examining Monetary Policy and Economic Opportunity\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $BLK (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117972","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Examining Monetary Policy and Economic Opportunity","date":"2025-03-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117972"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117972","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_M001236","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $70,000","explanation":"Tim Moore received campaign contributions totaling $70,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DUKE ENERGY CORPORATION ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":70000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"DUKE ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"DUKE ENERGY CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001236","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $129,500 on 2025-03-31 (12.1× normal)","explanation":"Tim Moore's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $129,500 on 2025-03-31 — 12.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":129500,"maxRatio":12.1,"maxAmount":129500},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-31","amount":129500,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":10682,"count":59,"cmteId":"C00856005","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00856005&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856005/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00856005&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"]},{"id":"P78_M001236","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 94 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tim Moore appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 94 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (26); insider front ran trade (18); insider followed trade (9); coordinated trade cluster (7); hearing witness donor (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":94,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":18},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":7},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":5},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":2},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001236","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001236","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Moore's campaign paid $6,542,206 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537)","explanation":"Tim Moore's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $6,542,206 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537 across 15 payments, services: GENERIC GOTV MAIL · VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE · PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542205.660000001,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"descriptions":["GENERIC GOTV MAIL","VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE & VAN ALLEN PLLC","total":617763.97,"count":3,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MARKETING","total":199510.41,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION DIRECT MAIL"]},{"payee":"MOORE INFORMATION GROUP","total":158700,"count":1,"descriptions":["SURVEY RESEARCH"]}],"surname":"moore"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NC14015&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P139_M001236","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Moore filed 104 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 21 distinct tickers, 78 buys, 26 sells","explanation":"Tim Moore filed 104 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 78 were buy transactions and 26 were sells, spanning 21 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":104,"distinctTickers":21,"buys":78,"sells":26,"sampleTickers":["CBRL","LGIH","DNUT","SMPL","HOG","COIN","GNPX","T","HY","VZ","PG","CL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_M001236","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Moore disclosed 22 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL HY $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Tim Moore has filed 22 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL HY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-12-03 · SELL VZ $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-11-19 · SELL HY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-10-24 · SELL CNC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-08-18.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":22,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":2500022,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"HY","action":"SELL","date":"2025-12-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","date":"2025-11-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HY","action":"SELL","date":"2025-10-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CNC","action":"SELL","date":"2025-08-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","date":"2025-08-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SMCY","action":"BUY","date":"2025-08-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001236","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Moore executed 59 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL CBRL (8d apart)","explanation":"Tim Moore has 59 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL CBRL 2025-11-20 → 2025-11-28 (8d) · SELL→BUY CBRL 2025-11-28 → 2025-12-09 (11d) · BUY→SELL CBRL 2025-12-09 → 2025-12-10 (1d) · SELL→BUY CBRL 2025-12-10 → 2025-12-16 (6d) · BUY→SELL CBRL 2025-12-31 → 2026-01-05 (5d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":59,"samples":[{"ticker":"CBRL","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-11-20","date2":"2025-11-28","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CBRL","days":11,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-11-28","date2":"2025-12-09","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"CBRL","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-12-09","date2":"2025-12-10","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"CBRL","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-12-10","date2":"2025-12-16","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CBRL","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-12-31","date2":"2026-01-05","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"LGIH","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-11-04","date2":"2025-11-05","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"HOG","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-01-03","date2":"2025-01-07","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"HOG","days":2,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-01-07","date2":"2025-01-09","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001236","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Moore triggers 30 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tim Moore accumulates 30 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":30,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_M001236","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Moore — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (188/190)","explanation":"Tim Moore's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":190,"atBracket":188,"pct":"98.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001236","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Moore — 33 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Tim Moore has traded 33 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":33,"sample":["CBRL","LGIH","DNUT","SMPL","HOG","COIN","GNPX","T","HY","VZ"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001236_HOG","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Moore — 30 disclosed trades in single ticker HOG","explanation":"Tim Moore traded HOG on 30 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the HOG trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"HOG","count":30}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_M001236","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Moore — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Tim Moore has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["COIN","DASH"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"B001236":[{"id":"P1_B001236_bj2d8j","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY GOOGL 1d BEFORE S 2558 — \"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strat…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 1 days of S 2558 \"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act of 2025.\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-09-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2558","title":"The National Quantum Cybersecurity Migration Strategy Act of 2025.","introducedDate":"2025-09-18","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202558"]},{"id":"P6_B001236_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,567,268 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $1,567,268 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":1567267.77,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P6_B001236_titvab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$356,213 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CRYPTO INNOVATION","explanation":"CRYPTO INNOVATION spent $356,213 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804732","name":"CRYPTO INNOVATION","support":356213,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804732/"]},{"id":"P9_B001236_n5ywae","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,567 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $78,567 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":78566.85,"oppose":0,"net":78566.85,"events":19,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":37534.91,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":35378.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":4677.16,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":976.07,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001236_7j8oc8","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $5,854,272 / spent $5,403,175","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00413948","cmteName":"ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC)","year":"2010","totalReceipts":30500,"totalDisbursements":9228.3,"cashOnHand":24618.17},{"cmteId":"C00413948","cmteName":"ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":435879.8,"totalDisbursements":421882.2,"cashOnHand":38615.77},{"cmteId":"C00413948","cmteName":"ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":390251.1,"totalDisbursements":386522.1,"cashOnHand":42344.71},{"cmteId":"C00413948","cmteName":"ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":299089.6,"totalDisbursements":328939,"cashOnHand":12495.31},{"cmteId":"C00413948","cmteName":"ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":465718.6,"totalDisbursements":431692.6,"cashOnHand":46521.36}],"totalRaised":5854272.399999999,"totalSpent":5403175.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001236_o1p1u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150,300 donation spike on 2021-11-16 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-16 this committee recorded $150,300 across 120 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,893.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476317","date":"2021-11-16","amount":150300,"count":120,"baseline":13893,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476317/"]},{"id":"P15_B001236_nn0e9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,125 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $81,125 across 50 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,459.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476317","date":"2021-09-30","amount":81125,"count":50,"baseline":13459,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476317/"]},{"id":"P15_B001236_ujhu9d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,900 donation spike on 2015-03-13 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-13 this committee recorded $71,900 across 41 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,850.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476317","date":"2015-03-13","amount":71900,"count":41,"baseline":8850,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476317/"]},{"id":"P15_B001236_nl3f2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,519 donation spike on 2021-06-29 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-29 this committee recorded $71,519 across 40 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,367.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476317","date":"2021-06-29","amount":71519,"count":40,"baseline":6367,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476317/"]},{"id":"P15_B001236_nn0df","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,850 donation spike on 2021-09-21 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-21 this committee recorded $65,850 across 63 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,212.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476317","date":"2021-09-21","amount":65850,"count":63,"baseline":10212,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476317/"]},{"id":"P15_B001236_fbxgml","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,700 donation spike on 2022-03-02 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-02 this committee recorded $58,700 across 47 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,198.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476317","date":"2022-03-02","amount":58700,"count":47,"baseline":5198,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476317/"]},{"id":"P15_B001236_fbxgms","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,200 donation spike on 2022-03-09 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-09 this committee recorded $57,200 across 53 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,410.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476317","date":"2022-03-09","amount":57200,"count":53,"baseline":7410,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476317/"]},{"id":"P17_B001236_AVGO_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001236_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 5 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001236_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001236_AVGO_2025-06-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-11 and 2025-06-17, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-11 to 2025-06-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001236_MU_2025-09-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold MU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-17 and 2025-09-23, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on MU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2025-09-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MU","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"}],"span":"2025-09-17 to 2025-09-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001236_AMAT_2025-03-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AMAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-13 and 2025-03-19, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AMAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2025-03-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AMAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"}],"span":"2025-03-13 to 2025-03-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001236_LRCX_2024-07-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LRCX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-07-26 and 2024-08-02, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on LRCX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2024-07-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LRCX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"J000307","name":"John James"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2024-07-26 to 2024-08-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001236_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"64 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Boozman executed 64 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2026-02-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-02-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating and Streamlining the Department of Commerce's Privacy Act Regulations","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the Western Regulatory Are","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001236_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Boozman executed 9 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2026-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-11-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-08-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revocation of Regulations Regarding the Mutual Recognition of Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practice Reports, Medica","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2026-02-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; CY 2026 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Pa","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001236_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Boozman executed 13 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARES","date":"2026-03-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-12-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2025-11-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Excise Tax on Repurchase of Corporate Stock; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2026-02-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delegation of Authority to the Director of the Division of Investment Management","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-12-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001236_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Boozman executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2026-02-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Nomenclature Corrections Due to Office Reorganization, Removal of Obsolete References, and Payment Processing Changes","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-02-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2026 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001236_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Boozman executed 8 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2026-01-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NRG","date":"2025-05-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","date":"2025-05-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DTE","date":"2025-05-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-12-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Grazing Advisory Boards","agency":"Agriculture Department, Forest Service","date":"2025-04-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001236_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Boozman executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2025-07-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-05-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2025-05-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of Environmental Impact Analysis Process (EIAP) Regulation","agency":"Defense Department, Air Force Department","date":"2025-07-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2025-04; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Management and Budget Office, Federal Procurement Policy Office, Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2025-05-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001236_5kmx9m","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman campaign paid $2,329,623 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: BOOZMAN FOR ARKANSAS","explanation":"John Boozman's campaign paid 168 disbursements totaling $2,329,623 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOOZMAN FOR ARKANSAS","total":1723683.1700000004,"count":84,"samples":[{"payee":"BOOZMAN FOR ARKANSAS","amount":242736.62,"date":"2010-03-11","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTHORIZED COMMITT","surnameMatched":"boozman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BOOZMAN FOR ARKANSAS","amount":133939.05,"date":"2010-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"boozman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BOOZMAN FOR ARKANSAS","amount":68249.74,"date":"2021-09-29","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTH CMTEE OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"boozman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PURPURA, SALVATORE","total":577065.22,"count":81,"samples":[{"payee":"PURPURA, SALVATORE","amount":23000,"date":"2023-01-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"purpura","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PURPURA, SALVATORE","amount":18940.79,"date":"2017-01-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"purpura","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PURPURA, SALVATORE","amount":17500,"date":"2012-02-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"purpura","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOOZMAN, LAUREN","total":15000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BOOZMAN, LAUREN","amount":15000,"date":"2008-11-06","description":"JFC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"boozman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SALVATORE PURPURA","total":7125,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SALVATORE PURPURA","amount":7125,"date":"2015-10-03","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"purpura","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOOZMAN, SHANNON","total":6750,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BOOZMAN, SHANNON","amount":6750,"date":"2004-11-12","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"boozman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BOOZMAN%20FOR%20ARKANSAS"]},{"id":"P22_B001236_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member John Boozman cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":0,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-12-17","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":6,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_B001236_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Healthcare trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Healthcare bills","explanation":"Member John Boozman cast Healthcare-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2026-01-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":16,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2025-12-17","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":6,"sector":"Healthcare"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P24_B001236_vfzqj6","pattern_type":"P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded FISV (Finance) the same day as voting on Finance legislation","explanation":"John Boozman executed sector-matching trades on the same calendar day they cast sector-related votes. This is the tightest possible timing correlation in our data — ask whether the trade was placed before or after the vote was cast.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2026-01-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Finance","daysDiff":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001236","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 29 total findings","explanation":"John Boozman has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":29,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_B001236_MSFT_20251217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2025-12-16","adsh":"0000789019-25-000132","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_AMZN_20251113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (GORELICK JAMIE S  (CIK 0001184176)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"GORELICK JAMIE S  (CIK 0001184176)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0001018724-25-000125","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_MU_20250611","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $MU 1 day after a corporate insider (Deboer Scott J  (CIK 0001568238)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"Deboer Scott J  (CIK 0001568238)","filingDate":"2025-06-10","adsh":"0001562180-25-004700","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_META_20250530","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-05-29","adsh":"0000950103-25-006667","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_MSFT_20260305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)","filingDate":"2026-03-03","adsh":"0000789019-26-000043","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_MU_20260108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MU 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $MU 2 days after a corporate insider (CORDANO MICHAEL D  (CIK 0001201490)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"CORDANO MICHAEL D  (CIK 0001201490)","filingDate":"2026-01-06","adsh":"0001201490-26-000001","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_UNH_20250611","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $UNH 2 days after a corporate insider (McSweeney Erin  (CIK 0001645325)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"McSweeney Erin  (CIK 0001645325)","filingDate":"2025-06-09","adsh":"0000731766-25-000164","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_FISV_20251121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FISV 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $FISV 2 days after a corporate insider (Best Kenneth  (CIK 0001407947)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FISV","filer":"Best Kenneth  (CIK 0001407947)","filingDate":"2025-11-19","adsh":"0001407947-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_DIS_20260108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DIS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $DIS 3 days after a corporate insider (GORMAN JAMES P  (CIK 0001182328)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"GORMAN JAMES P  (CIK 0001182328)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0001628280-26-000269","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_LLY_20251121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LLY 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $LLY 3 days after a corporate insider (Kaelin William G Jr  (CIK 0001551715)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Kaelin William G Jr  (CIK 0001551715)","filingDate":"2025-11-18","adsh":"0001551715-25-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_AMAT_20260227","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMAT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $AMAT 3 days after a corporate insider (Sanders Adam  (CIK 0002014019)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Sanders Adam  (CIK 0002014019)","filingDate":"2026-02-24","adsh":"0001628280-26-011307","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_AMAT_20241223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMAT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $AMAT 3 days after a corporate insider (Little Teri A.  (CIK 0001656471)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Little Teri A.  (CIK 0001656471)","filingDate":"2024-12-20","adsh":"0001127602-24-029923","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_XOM_20260108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $XOM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $XOM 3 days after a corporate insider (Hietala Kaisa  (CIK 0001868531)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Hietala Kaisa  (CIK 0001868531)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0000034088-26-000013","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_PYPL_20251121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PYPL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $PYPL 4 days after a corporate insider (Kereere Suzan  (CIK 0001896086)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Kereere Suzan  (CIK 0001896086)","filingDate":"2025-11-17","adsh":"0001633917-25-000209","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_ECL_20250226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ECL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $ECL 5 days after a corporate insider (De Boo Alexander A.  (CIK 0001844358)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ECL","filer":"De Boo Alexander A.  (CIK 0001844358)","filingDate":"2025-02-21","adsh":"0001415889-25-005130","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_BAC_20250205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BAC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $BAC 5 days after a corporate insider (Martinez Maria  (CIK 0001572528)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"Martinez Maria  (CIK 0001572528)","filingDate":"2025-01-31","adsh":"0001127602-25-002627","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001236_VLO_20250513","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VLO 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $VLO 5 days after a corporate insider (WILKINS RAYFORD JR  (CIK 0001184395)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VLO","filer":"WILKINS RAYFORD JR  (CIK 0001184395)","filingDate":"2025-05-08","adsh":"0001184395-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_BSX_20250213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BSX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $BSX 1 day before a corporate insider (Sorenson John Bradley  (CIK 0001629277)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Sorenson John Bradley  (CIK 0001629277)","filingDate":"2025-02-14","adsh":"0001225208-25-001795"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_GOOGL_20250520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)","filingDate":"2025-05-21","adsh":"0000950170-25-075820"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_LLY_20250811","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LLY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $LLY 1 day before a corporate insider (Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)","filingDate":"2025-08-12","adsh":"0000059478-25-000208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_MSI_20250226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $MSI 1 day before a corporate insider (MAHER KATHERINE A  (CIK 0001914004)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSI","filer":"MAHER KATHERINE A  (CIK 0001914004)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001062993-25-003806"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_ORCL_20250416","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ORCL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $ORCL 2 days before a corporate insider (HENLEY JEFFREY  (CIK 0001206100)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"HENLEY JEFFREY  (CIK 0001206100)","filingDate":"2025-04-18","adsh":"0001127602-25-012377"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_META_20250516","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $META 3 days before a corporate insider (Collison Patrick  (CIK 0002067148)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Collison Patrick  (CIK 0002067148)","filingDate":"2025-05-19","adsh":"0000950103-25-006212"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_MSFT_20260213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2026-02-17","adsh":"0000789019-26-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_ORCL_20250912","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $ORCL 4 days before a corporate insider (Parrett William G  (CIK 0001418280)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Parrett William G  (CIK 0001418280)","filingDate":"2025-09-16","adsh":"0001341439-25-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_PG_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $PG 5 days before a corporate insider (Singh Sumeet  (CIK 0001838817)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Singh Sumeet  (CIK 0001838817)","filingDate":"2026-03-03","adsh":"0001628280-26-014284"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_AMZN_20251113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $AMZN 5 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-11-18","adsh":"0001043298-25-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_AVGO_20250611","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $AVGO 5 days before a corporate insider (TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001730168-25-000070"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_KR_20260226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KR 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $KR 5 days before a corporate insider (Gates Anne  (CIK 0001660111)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Gates Anne  (CIK 0001660111)","filingDate":"2026-03-03","adsh":"0001660111-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_PFE_20250213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PFE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $PFE 5 days before a corporate insider (BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)","filingDate":"2025-02-18","adsh":"0001225208-25-001805"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_MSI_20251217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSI 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $MSI 5 days before a corporate insider (MITSUI SUMITOMO INSURANCE CO LTD  (CIK 0001142206)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSI","filer":"MITSUI SUMITOMO INSURANCE CO LTD  (CIK 0001142206)","filingDate":"2025-12-22","adsh":"0001193125-25-329220"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_GOOGL_20250213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $GOOGL 6 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-02-19","adsh":"0000950170-25-022825"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_AMAT_20240328","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $AMAT 6 days before a corporate insider (Sanders Adam  (CIK 0002014019)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Sanders Adam  (CIK 0002014019)","filingDate":"2024-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-24-012355"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_META_20251031","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $META 6 days before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-11-06","adsh":"0000950103-25-014438"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_VLO_20250513","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VLO 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $VLO 6 days before a corporate insider (Majoras Deborah P  (CIK 0001483177)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VLO","filer":"Majoras Deborah P  (CIK 0001483177)","filingDate":"2025-05-19","adsh":"0001483177-25-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_LOW_20250520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LOW 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $LOW 7 days before a corporate insider (MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)","filingDate":"2025-05-27","adsh":"0001240085-25-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_GOOGL_20240726","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $GOOGL 7 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2024-08-02","adsh":"0000950170-24-090220"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_DXCM_20260126","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DXCM 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $DXCM 7 days before a corporate insider (Stern Sadie  (CIK 0001797971)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"Stern Sadie  (CIK 0001797971)","filingDate":"2026-02-02","adsh":"0001093557-26-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_AMZN_20250226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $AMZN 7 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_HD_20250520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $HD 7 days before a corporate insider (Siddiqui Fahim  (CIK 0001926550)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Siddiqui Fahim  (CIK 0001926550)","filingDate":"2025-05-27","adsh":"0000354950-25-000152"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_AVGO_20250408","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman buy $AVGO 7 days before a corporate insider (Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)","filingDate":"2025-04-15","adsh":"0001730168-25-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_BAC_20250415","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BAC 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Boozman sell $BAC 9 days before a corporate insider (ALMEIDA JOSE E  (CIK 0001216761)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"ALMEIDA JOSE E  (CIK 0001216761)","filingDate":"2025-04-24","adsh":"0001127602-25-012590"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001236_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John Boozman accumulated 26 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HR_1170","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day after sponsoring HR 1170 (Technology)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HR 1170 on 2025-04-07 — a Technology-sector bill — and buy $AVGO 1 day after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 6 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_1170","type":"HR","number":"1170","title":"To amend chapter 21 of title 38, United States Code, to establish a grant program to encourage the development of new assistive technologies for specially adapted housing.","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sector":"Technology","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1170"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1170","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HR_1172","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day after sponsoring HR 1172 (Technology)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HR 1172 on 2025-04-07 — a Technology-sector bill — and buy $AVGO 1 day after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 6 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_1172","type":"HR","number":"1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a list of organizations that provide scholarships to veterans and their survivors.","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sector":"Technology","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1172"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1172","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HR_1433","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 21 days before sponsoring HR 1433 (Finance)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HR 1433 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $JPM 21 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_1433","type":"HR","number":"1433","title":"Volunteer Firefighter Recruitment and Retention Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1433"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1433","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HR_1473","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GD 14 days before sponsoring HR 1473 (Defense)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HR 1473 on 2025-08-14 — a Defense-sector bill — and sell $GD 14 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_1473","type":"HR","number":"1473","title":"Army Corps of Engineers Recreation Improvement Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Defense","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1473"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1473","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HR_2230","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 21 days before sponsoring HR 2230 (Finance)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HR 2230 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $JPM 21 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_2230","type":"HR","number":"2230","title":"Teacher Tax Credit Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2230"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2230","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HR_2799","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WFC 28 days before sponsoring HR 2799 (Finance)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HR 2799 on 2026-01-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $WFC 28 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_2799","type":"HR","number":"2799","title":"United States Marshals Service 225th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2799"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2799","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HR_5680","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WFC 28 days before sponsoring HR 5680 (Finance)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HR 5680 on 2026-01-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $WFC 28 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_5680","type":"HR","number":"5680","title":"United States Marshals Service 225th Anniversary Commemorative Coin Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/5680"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/5680","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HR_6163","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 21 days before sponsoring HR 6163 (Finance)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HR 6163 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $JPM 21 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_6163","type":"HR","number":"6163","title":"Provider Tax Administrative Simplification Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/6163"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/6163","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HRES_188","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 17 days before sponsoring HRES 188 (Defense)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HRES 188 on 2025-06-06 — a Defense-sector bill — and sell $GD 17 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HRES_188","type":"HRES","number":"188","title":"Honoring the service, courage, and sacrifice of the Seawolves of Helicopter Attack Light Squadron Three.","introducedDate":"2025-06-06","sector":"Defense","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/188"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/188","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HRES_259","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 17 days before sponsoring HRES 259 (Defense)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HRES 259 on 2025-06-06 — a Defense-sector bill — and sell $GD 17 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HRES_259","type":"HRES","number":"259","title":"Expressing the gratitude and appreciation of the House of Representatives for the acts of heroism and military achievement by the members of the United States Armed Forces who participated in the June 6, 1944, amphibious landing at Normandy, France, and commending them for leadership and valor in an operation that helped bring an end to World War II.","introducedDate":"2025-06-06","sector":"Defense","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/259"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/259","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_111_HRES_1228","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 17 days before sponsoring HRES 1228 (Defense)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored HRES 1228 on 2025-06-06 — a Defense-sector bill — and sell $GD 17 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HRES_1228","type":"HRES","number":"1228","title":"Honoring the veterans of Helicopter Attack Light Squadron Three and their families.","introducedDate":"2025-06-06","sector":"Defense","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/1228"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/1228","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_112_S_1101","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WFC 12 days after sponsoring S 1101 (Finance)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored S 1101 on 2025-12-05 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $WFC 12 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_1101","type":"S","number":"1101","title":"Provider Tax Administrative Simplification Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/1101"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/1101","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_112_S_1870","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WFC 12 days after sponsoring S 1870 (Finance)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored S 1870 on 2025-12-05 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $WFC 12 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_1870","type":"S","number":"1870","title":"National Women's History Museum and Federal Facilities Consolidation and Efficiency Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/1870"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/1870","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_B001236_112_S_3403","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WFC 12 days after sponsoring S 3403 (Finance)","explanation":"John Boozman sponsored S 3403 on 2025-12-05 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $WFC 12 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_3403","type":"S","number":"3403","title":"Death Tax Repeal Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/3403"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/3403","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001236_2025-07-31_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GD on the same day as a Defense floor speech","explanation":"John Boozman delivered a 322-word floor speech on 2025-07-31 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. President, I rise today to celebrate an exceptional achievement of the 184th Attack Squadron, based out of Ebbing Air Na- tional Guard Base in Fort Smith, AR, which was honored with the 2024 Gen-…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) on the same day as the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-07-31","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":322,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. President, I rise today to celebrate an exceptional achievement of the 184th Attack Squadron, based out of Ebbing Air Na- tional Guard Base in Fort Smith, AR, which was honored with the 2024 Gen- ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/07/31/171/132/CREC-2025-07-31-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/07/31/171/132/CREC-2025-07-31-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001236_2025-05-22_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNH 20 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"John Boozman delivered a 329-word floor speech on 2025-05-22 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. President, I rise today to recognize three exceptional students from Bentonville West High School: Ronak Pai, LalitAditya Kameshwaran, and Veera Sai Joshik Unnam for winning the Samsung Solve for…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 20 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-22","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":329,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. President, I rise today to recognize three exceptional students from Bentonville West High School: Ronak Pai, LalitAditya Kameshwaran, and Veera Sai Joshik Unnam for winning the Samsung Solve for ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/22/171/87/CREC-2025-05-22-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/22/171/87/CREC-2025-05-22-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_TLT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $TLT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $TLT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $TLT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TLT","assetName":"TLT - iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TLT","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_MBB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $MBB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $MBB on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $MBB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MBB","assetName":"MBB - iShares MBS ETF","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MBB","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_IVV","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $IVV — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $IVV on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $IVV per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IVV","assetName":"IVV - iShares Core S&P 500 ETF","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IVV","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_IVW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $IVW — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $IVW on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $IVW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IVW","assetName":"IVW - iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IVW","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-31"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_TBLL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 trades in $TBLL — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $TBLL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 11 reported trades in $TBLL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TBLL","assetName":"TBLL - Invesco Short Term Treasury ETF","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TBLL","tradeCount":11,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_OMC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $OMC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $OMC on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $OMC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"OMC","assetName":"OMC - Omnicom Group Inc. Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"OMC","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_JPM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $JPM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $JPM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $JPM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JPM","assetName":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Co. Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JPM","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-24"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_LRCX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $LRCX — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $LRCX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $LRCX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LRCX","assetName":"LRCX - Lam Research Corporation - Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LRCX","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_MU","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $MU — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $MU on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $MU per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MU","assetName":"MU - Micron Technology","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MU","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-26"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_WWSYX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $WWSYX — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $WWSYX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $WWSYX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WWSYX","assetName":"WWSYX - Westwood Smallcap Fund Class Y","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WWSYX","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-20"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_EMLP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $EMLP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $EMLP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. 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Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EMLP","assetName":"EMLP - First Trust North American Energy Infrastructure F","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EMLP","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-03"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_GEM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $GEM — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $GEM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $GEM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GEM","assetName":"GEM - GS Activebeta Emerging Markets Equity ETF","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GEM","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-20"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_EFA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $EFA — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $EFA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $EFA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. 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Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IWM","assetName":"IWM - iShares Russell 2000 ETF","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IWM","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_BBEU","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $BBEU — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $BBEU on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. 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Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BBEU","assetName":"BBEU - JPMorgan BetaBuilders Europe ETF","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BBEU","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-20"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_TPYP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $TPYP — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $TPYP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. 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The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $VEA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. 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The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $GBIL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. 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The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $IEF per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IEF","assetName":"IEF - iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IEF","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_SHY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $SHY — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $SHY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $SHY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SHY","assetName":"SHY - iShares 1-3 Year Treasury Bond ETF","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SHY","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_AGZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $AGZ — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $AGZ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $AGZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AGZ","assetName":"AGZ - iShares Agency Bond ETF","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AGZ","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-06"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_TLH","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $TLH — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed an asset position in $TLH on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $TLH per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TLH","assetName":"TLH - iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TLH","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_B001236_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ)","explanation":"John Boozman discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (JNJ) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_B001236_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (GD)","explanation":"John Boozman discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (GD) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["GD"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_B001236_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 2 Energy stocks (COP, VLO)","explanation":"John Boozman discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (COP, VLO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["COP","VLO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_B001236","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$79K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 48% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"John Boozman received $78,566.85 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($37,534.91 = 48%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":78566.85,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":24627.39,"2016":16107.079999999998,"2022":38168.05},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":37534.91,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":35378.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":4677.16,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003298/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":976.07,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_B001236","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $143,185.46","explanation":"John Boozman received campaign contributions totaling $143,185.46 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ARVEST BANK ($26,585.46); FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($10,000); COMBEST, SELL AND ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF CROP INS ($10,000); WINE INSTITUTE ($10,000); SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON DAKOTA (SIOUX) COMMUNITY ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":143185.46,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"ARVEST BANK","ldaClient":"ARVEST BANK","donorTotal":26585.46,"exact":true},{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CROP INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"COMBEST, SELL AND ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF CROP INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS ASSOC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WINE INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"WINE INSTITUTE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SHAKOPEE MDEKEWAKANTON COMMUNITY","ldaClient":"SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON DAKOTA (SIOUX) COMMUNITY","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001236","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $150,300 on 2021-11-16 (10.8× normal)","explanation":"John Boozman's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $150,300 on 2021-11-16 — 10.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":280519,"maxRatio":11.3,"maxAmount":150300},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-11-16","amount":150300,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":13893,"count":120,"cmteId":"C00476317","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00476317&min_date=2021-11-16&max_date=2021-11-16"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-29","amount":71519,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":6367,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00476317","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00476317&min_date=2021-06-29&max_date=2021-06-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-02","amount":58700,"ratio":11.3,"baselineDaily":5198,"count":47,"cmteId":"C00476317","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00476317&min_date=2022-03-02&max_date=2022-03-02"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476317/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00476317&min_date=2021-11-16&max_date=2021-11-16"]},{"id":"P63_B001236","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 135 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"John Boozman's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 135 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): MADCX, MAHQX, EFV, EFG, LQD, TLT, TIP, MBB, TFLO, IVV, IYW, IVW, OEF, QUAL, MRGRX, … (120 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":135,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["MADCX","MAHQX","EFV","EFG","LQD","TLT","TIP","MBB","TFLO","IVV","IYW","IVW","OEF","QUAL","MRGRX","PONPX","TBLL","CMCSA","EBAY","ECL","FBIN","LOW","OMC","QSR","MDLZ"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_B001236_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"John Boozman's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Healthcare stocks — JNJ — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a66f9abf-311f-4494-871f-4631eb7ebc57/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a66f9abf-311f-4494-871f-4631eb7ebc57/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_B001236_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (GD) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"John Boozman's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — GD — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["GD"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a66f9abf-311f-4494-871f-4631eb7ebc57/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a66f9abf-311f-4494-871f-4631eb7ebc57/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_B001236_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Energy stocks (COP, VLO) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"John Boozman's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Energy stocks — COP, VLO — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["COP","VLO"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a66f9abf-311f-4494-871f-4631eb7ebc57/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a66f9abf-311f-4494-871f-4631eb7ebc57/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_B001236_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Finance stocks (BAC, COF, JPM) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"John Boozman's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Finance stocks — BAC, COF, JPM — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["BAC","COF","JPM"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a66f9abf-311f-4494-871f-4631eb7ebc57/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a66f9abf-311f-4494-871f-4631eb7ebc57/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_B001236_2025-07-31","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"34 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-07-31 — 31 unique tickers","explanation":"John Boozman executed 34 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-07-31 to 2025-08-07), spanning 31 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-07-31","windowEnd":"2025-08-07","tradeCount":34,"uniqueTickers":31,"totalDisclosedTrades":342,"sampleTickers":["MDLZ","GE","WMT","GD","IEF","PALL","TLT","TBLL","SCHP","JMBS"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P67_B001236_Finance","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 4 Finance bills AND holds 3 Finance stocks (BAC, COF, JPM)","explanation":"John Boozman has sponsored 4 bills affecting the Finance sector AND simultaneously holds 3 publicly-traded Finance stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (BAC, COF, JPM). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: HR 2230 (2025-08-14), HR 6163 (2025-08-14), S 1101 (2025-12-05), S 3403 (2025-12-05).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Finance","count":4,"sample":[{"key":"111_HR_2230","title":"Teacher Tax Credit Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2230"},{"key":"111_HR_6163","title":"Provider Tax Administrative Simplification Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6163"},{"key":"112_S_1101","title":"Provider Tax Administrative Simplification Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1101"},{"key":"112_S_3403","title":"Death Tax Repeal Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3403"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["BAC","COF","JPM"],"totalCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_B001236","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Owns 2 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.4M","explanation":"John Boozman's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 2 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $375,000.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Rocky Branch Resorts, LLC (1/4 interest) (Real Estate Commercial, $250,001 - $500,000); Cotswalds Partners, LLC (1/3 Interest) C (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":2,"totalEstMidpoint":375000.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Rocky Branch Resorts, LLC (1/4 interest) Description: Rental property and undeveloped land (Rogers, Arkansas)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"},{"name":"Cotswalds Partners, LLC (1/3 Interest) Company: Cotswalds Partners, LLC (1/3 interest) (Rogers, Arkansas) Description: Real Estate Unimproved Land","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_B001236","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Partner at Cotswalls Partners Rogers, AR","explanation":"John Boozman's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at Cotswalls Partners Rogers, AR (Other (Real Estate Development); Partner at Rocky Branch Resort Rogers, AR (Other (Rental Property)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Mar 2008 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"Cotswalls Partners Rogers, AR","entityType":"Other (Real Estate Development)"},{"dates":"Oct 2020 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"Rocky Branch Resort Rogers, AR","entityType":"Other (Rental Property)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_B001236","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$66,426.66 in outside earned income — top source: John Boozman IRA Rogers, Arkansas ($$66,426.66)","explanation":"John Boozman's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $66,426.66 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: John Boozman IRA Rogers, Arkansas ($66,426.66, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":66426.66,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"John Boozman IRA Rogers, Arkansas","amount":"$66,426.66","amountNumeric":66426.66}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 8 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including GOOGL, AMAT, MSFT, MSI, AAXJ, SCZ","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 8 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: GOOGL, AMAT, MSFT, MSI, AAXJ, SCZ, DALCX, FTGC.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":8,"newTickers":["GOOGL","AMAT","MSFT","MSI","AAXJ","SCZ","DALCX","FTGC"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_B001236","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 2 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: Japan","explanation":"John Boozman's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Japan. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Japan → FLJP - Franklin FTSE Japan ETF ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":2,"countries":["Japan"],"byCountry":{"Japan":[{"assetName":"FLJP - Franklin FTSE Japan ETF","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"assetName":"AAXJ - iShares MSCI All Country Asia ex Japan ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001236","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 29 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 182 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Boozman appears in 29 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 182 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 29 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (75); insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (17); sponsored bill trade (14); daily donation spike (7).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":29,"totalFindings":182,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":75},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001236","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_B001236_2015","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman filed 3 amendments to the 2015 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John Boozman's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2015 report alone, with 5 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2015,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D7EEEBCC-603D-408F-A4D1-D56FEA29288B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/B2C89D7B-D35C-4C7E-8834-9FAC9EF469D4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/3BE18861-FF1E-4AFB-8BD2-951B2DBE395E/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D7EEEBCC-603D-408F-A4D1-D56FEA29288B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/B2C89D7B-D35C-4C7E-8834-9FAC9EF469D4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman discloses 13 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 13 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: ACN - Accenture plc Class A Ordinary Shares (Ireland) · VNQI - Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF · Rocky Branch Resorts, LLC (1/4 interest) Description: Rental · Cotswalds Partners, LLC (1/3 Interest) Company: Cotswalds Pa.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":13,"properties":[{"name":"ACN - Accenture plc Class A Ordinary Shares (Ireland)","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"VNQI - Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Rocky Branch Resorts, LLC (1/4 interest) Description: Rental property and undeveloped land (Rogers, Arkansas)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Cotswalds Partners, LLC (1/3 Interest) Company: Cotswalds Partners, LLC (1/3 interest) (Rogers, Arkansas) Desc","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Lot M Description: Unimproved Land (Rogers, Arkansas)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Lot N Description: Unimproved Land (Rogers, Arkansas)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Lot R Description: Unimproved Land (Rogers, Arkansas)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Lot T Description: Unimproved Land (Rogers, Arkansas)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman's 2025 PFD: 114 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (97% of 117 reported assets)","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 114 reported holdings owned by Spouse (0), Joint (114), or Dependent (0) — 97% of 117 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Arvest (Bentonville, Arkansas) Type: Checking · Joint: Fed Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Checking, Savings · Joint: Merrill Lynch Account · Joint: MADCX - Blackrock Emerging Markets Fund Class I.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":0,"Joint":114,"Dependent":0,"Self":2},"totalAssets":117,"familyShare":0.974,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Arvest (Bentonville, Arkansas) Type: Checking","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Fed Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Merrill Lynch Account","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"MADCX - Blackrock Emerging Markets Fund Class I","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"MAHQX - Blackrock Total Return Fund Class I","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_B001236","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman's campaign paid $528,077 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: BOOZMAN FOR ARKANSAS ($506,327)","explanation":"John Boozman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 43 payments totaling $528,077 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BOOZMAN FOR ARKANSAS ($506,327 across 41 payments, services: DISTRIBUTION OF NET PROCEEDS · DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS · JFC DISTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2010, 2016, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":528077.01,"paymentCount":43,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BOOZMAN FOR ARKANSAS","total":506327.01,"count":41,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET PROCEEDS","DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","JFC DISTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"BOOZMAN, LAUREN","total":15000,"count":1,"descriptions":["JFC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"BOOZMAN, SHANNON","total":6750,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"boozman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0AR00150&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_B001236","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman filed 13 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 151 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. John Boozman has filed 13 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 151 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2015 (151d late, filed 10/13/2015) · 2015 (151d late, filed 10/13/2015) · 2023 (114d late, filed 09/06/2023) · 2022 (92d late, filed 08/15/2022).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":13,"maxDaysLate":151,"samples":[{"year":2015,"filingDate":"10/13/2015","daysLate":151,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D7EEEBCC-603D-408F-A4D1-D56FEA29288B/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"10/13/2015","daysLate":151,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/B2C89D7B-D35C-4C7E-8834-9FAC9EF469D4/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"09/06/2023","daysLate":114,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/4dbf4362-63ab-409e-a2ab-a5bbbc91f73d/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"08/15/2022","daysLate":92,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/893c21e8-ebc0-4f22-9cac-f6a45413d481/","title":"Annual Report"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D7EEEBCC-603D-408F-A4D1-D56FEA29288B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/B2C89D7B-D35C-4C7E-8834-9FAC9EF469D4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/4dbf4362-63ab-409e-a2ab-a5bbbc91f73d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman discloses 3 precious-metal holdings on 2025 PFD — PALL - abrdn Physical Palladium Shares ETF, PPLT - abrdn Physical Platinum Shares ETF","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 precious-metal positions (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: PALL - abrdn Physical Palladium Shares ETF · PPLT - abrdn Physical Platinum Shares ETF · SLV - iShares Silver Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"holdings":[{"name":"PALL - abrdn Physical Palladium Shares ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"PPLT - abrdn Physical Platinum Shares ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"SLV - iShares Silver Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Truist Baltimore, MD","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.37% (30 years) from Truist Baltimore, MD.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.37% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Truist Baltimore, MD","incurred":"2016"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman holds 26 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — PFE ($29.0M), AAPL ($20.9M), GOOGL ($17.9M)","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 26 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $226.3M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: PFE ($29.0M, 45 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings) · GD ($16.5M, 72 filings) · HON ($12.7M, 47 filings) · MSFT ($12.3M, 66 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":26,"totalLobbyAcrossM":226.3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","totalLobby":28960000,"recordCount":45,"topClient":"PFIZER INC."},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"GD","totalLobby":16499357,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GENERAL DYNAMICS"},{"ticker":"HON","totalLobby":12660000,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL"},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"CMCSA","totalLobby":11534500,"recordCount":57,"topClient":"COMCAST CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"JNJ","totalLobby":10940000,"recordCount":58,"topClient":"JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman holds 5 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), MSFT (8,404), AMAT (2,738)","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 26,375 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · AMAT (2,738 patents) · HON (2,275 patents) · BAC (2,063 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":5,"totalPatents":26375,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"AMAT","patentCount":2738,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"HON","patentCount":2275,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BAC","patentCount":2063,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman holds 4 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $242M) — top: PFE ($187.6M), GD ($36.1M), ACN ($15.8M)","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $242M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: PFE ($187.6M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · GD ($36.1M, 9 contracts, Department of Labor) · ACN ($15.8M, 8 contracts, Department of Commerce) · HON ($2.8M, 7 contracts, Department of Homeland Security).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":4,"totalContractValueM":242.25,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","total":187561181.57,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"GD","total":36050542.61,"count":9,"agencies":["Department of Labor","Department of Transportation","Department of Commerce"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"ACN","total":15822726.309999999,"count":8,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy","Department of Homeland Security"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"HON","total":2818221.0700000003,"count":7,"agencies":["Department of Homeland Security","General Services Administration","Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P114_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman holds 3 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — AAPL, GOOGL, MSFT","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: AAPL ($1,001 - $15,000) · GOOGL ($1,001 - $15,000) · MSFT ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc. - Class A Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — GD","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: GD ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GD","asset":"GD - General Dynamics Corporation Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman holds 3 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — LRCX, MU, AMAT","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: LRCX ($1,001 - $15,000) · MU ($1,001 - $15,000) · AMAT ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LRCX","asset":"LRCX - Lam Research Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MU","asset":"MU - Micron Technology","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMAT","asset":"AMAT - Applied Materials, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — TRV","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: TRV ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TRV","asset":"TRV - The Travelers Companies, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2025 PFD — CMCSA","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: CMCSA (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CMCSA","asset":"CMCSA - Comcast Corporation - Class A Common Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman holds 3 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — BAC, COF, JPM","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: BAC ($1,001 - $15,000) · COF ($1,001 - $15,000) · JPM ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BAC","asset":"BAC - Bank of America Corporation Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"COF","asset":"COF - Capital One Financial Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Co. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman holds 3 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — COP, HES, VLO","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: COP ($1,001 - $15,000) · HES (None (or less than $1,001)) · VLO ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"COP","asset":"COP - Conocophillips","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"HES","asset":"HES - Hess Corp","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"VLO","asset":"VLO - Valero Energy Corporation Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman holds 5 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — ABBV, GILD, IQV, JNJ, PFE","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: ABBV ($1,001 - $15,000) · GILD ($1,001 - $15,000) · IQV ($1,001 - $15,000) · JNJ ($1,001 - $15,000) · PFE ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ABBV","asset":"ABBV - AbbVie Inc. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GILD","asset":"GILD - Gilead Sciences Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IQV","asset":"IQV - IQVIA Holdings, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PFE","asset":"PFE - Pfizer Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman's 2025 PFD lists 91 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 91 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): MADCX, MAHQX, EFV, EFG, LQD, TLT, TIP, MBB, TFLO, IVV.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":91,"sampleTickers":["MADCX","MAHQX","EFV","EFG","LQD","TLT","TIP","MBB","TFLO","IVV","IYW","IVW","OEF","QUAL","MRGRX","PONPX","TBLL","CMCSA","EBAY","ECL","FBIN","LOW","OMC","QSR","MDLZ","PG","COP","HES","VLO","BAC"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_B001236","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.4M PAC / $34.9M total)","explanation":"John Boozman's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.4M of $34.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.91,"pacSharePct":38.4,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"S0AR00150"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0AR00150/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_B001236","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman filed 199 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 100 distinct tickers, 104 buys, 95 sells","explanation":"John Boozman filed 199 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 104 were buy transactions and 95 were sells, spanning 100 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":199,"distinctTickers":100,"buys":104,"sells":95,"sampleTickers":["TPYP","SPYM","BBEU","NVDA","JNJ","VEA","FTGC","ARES","MSFT","NTAP","AMAT","KR"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_B001236","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman executed 13 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL VEA (15d apart)","explanation":"John Boozman has 13 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL VEA 2025-11-06 → 2025-11-21 (15d) · BUY→SELL AMAT 2025-03-19 → 2025-04-16 (28d) · BUY→SELL GIGB 2025-07-08 → 2025-08-01 (24d) · BUY→SELL JMBS 2026-01-23 → 2026-02-06 (14d) · BUY→SELL MBB 2026-01-23 → 2026-02-06 (14d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":13,"samples":[{"ticker":"VEA","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-11-06","date2":"2025-11-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMAT","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-19","date2":"2025-04-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GIGB","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-07-08","date2":"2025-08-01","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JMBS","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-01-23","date2":"2026-02-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MBB","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-01-23","date2":"2026-02-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SHY","days":22,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-11-07","date2":"2023-11-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IVW","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-12-31","date2":"2026-01-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TBLL","days":26,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-05-16","date2":"2025-06-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_B001236","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 52 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John Boozman accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 52 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":52}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_B001236","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman triggers 53 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John Boozman accumulates findings across 53 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 53 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":53,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P6","P9","P10","P15","P17","P18","P19","P22","P24","P36","P42","P43","P46","P49","P53","P54","P58","P61","P62","P63","P64","P65","P67","P68","P70","P71","P74","P77","P78"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_B001236","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman operates leadership PAC with $5.9M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC)","explanation":"John Boozman operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $5.9M and disbursements of $5.4M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC) (C00413948). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":5.85,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.4,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00413948","cmteName":"ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC)"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00413948/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_B001236","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman's leadership PAC disbursed $5.4M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"John Boozman's leadership PAC disbursed $5.4M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC) (C00413948).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.4,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00413948","cmteName":"ARKANSAS FOR LEADERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARKPAC)"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00413948/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P160_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman's 2025 PFD shows 6 broad-market index funds (7% of 91 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 of 91 ticker holdings (7%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: IVV, EFA, MDY, SPY, VWO, VEA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":6,"totalTickers":91,"ratio":0.07,"broadTickers":["IVV","EFA","MDY","SPY","VWO","VEA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_AR_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AR delegation: John Boozman & Tom Cotton both flagged on 13 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from AR — John Boozman and Tom Cotton — are flagged on the same 13 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P15, P19, P36, P61, P62, P70.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"AR","otherSenatorBid":"C001095","otherSenatorName":"Tom Cotton","sharedDetectorCount":13,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P15","P19","P36","P61","P62","P70","P71","P82","P87","P90","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001236","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001095"]},{"id":"P178_B001236_2025-08-01","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman — 27 trades on 2025-08-01","explanation":"John Boozman disclosed 27 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-08-01). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-08-01","count":27}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_B001236","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Boozman — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (342/342)","explanation":"John Boozman's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":342,"atBracket":342,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B001236","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Boozman — 121 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John Boozman has traded 121 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":121,"sample":["TPYP","SPYM","BBEU","NVDA","JNJ","VEA","FTGC","ARES","MSFT","NTAP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_B001236_TBLL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman — 11 disclosed trades in single ticker TBLL","explanation":"John Boozman traded TBLL on 11 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the TBLL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"TBLL","count":11}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_B001236_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Boozman — 94 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Boozman's 2025 Senate PFD shows 94 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":94,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9441167a-b907-4f2a-a52c-69303df6ee56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_B001236_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+50 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John Boozman accumulated 75 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 50 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 14 MEDIUM · 36 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":50,"totalRaw":75,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":14,"LOW":36}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001236"]}],"J000309":[{"id":"P1_J000309_un713g","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY BK 1d BEFORE HR 773 — \"To amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to repeal c…\"","explanation":"Member traded BK (Finance) within 1 days of HR 773 \"To amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to repeal certain provisions relating to \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 773","title":"To amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to repeal certain provisions relating to the acceptance and use of contributions ","introducedDate":"2026-02-18","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20773"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_2rfucj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL IBM 0d BEFORE HR 1343 — \"Federal Broadband Deployment Tracking Act\"","explanation":"Member traded IBM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1343 \"Federal Broadband Deployment Tracking Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1343","title":"Federal Broadband Deployment Tracking Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201343"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_td9u0c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY C 0d BEFORE HR 318 — \"Border Safety and Security Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded C (Finance) within 0 days of HR 318 \"Border Safety and Security Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 318","title":"Border Safety and Security Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20318"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_taa18p","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PANW 0d BEFORE HR 5764 — \"AI for Main Street Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PANW (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5764 \"AI for Main Street Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5764","title":"AI for Main Street Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205764"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_3yafjb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY C 1d after HR 1599 — \"Dismantling Investments in Violation of Ethical St…\"","explanation":"Member traded C (Finance) within 1 days of HR 1599 \"Dismantling Investments in Violation of Ethical Standards through Trusts Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-01-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1599","title":"Dismantling Investments in Violation of Ethical Standards through Trusts Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-29","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201599"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_qoc2ow","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL SHOP 0d BEFORE HR 5784 — \"AI–WISE Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SHOP (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5784 \"AI–WISE Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2026-01-30","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5784","title":"AI–WISE Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-30","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205784"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_5bt7xl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PLTR 1d BEFORE HR 1101 — \"Taxpayer Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PLTR (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1101 \"Taxpayer Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1101","title":"Taxpayer Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-17","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201101"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_iapswq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PLTR 0d BEFORE S 809 — \"Saving Privacy Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PLTR (Technology) within 0 days of S 809 \"Saving Privacy Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-12-22","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 809","title":"Saving Privacy Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-22","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20809"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_ftpxvc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL HOOD 0d BEFORE S 809 — \"Saving Privacy Act\"","explanation":"Member traded HOOD (Technology) within 0 days of S 809 \"Saving Privacy Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOOD","date":"2025-12-22","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 809","title":"Saving Privacy Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-22","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20809"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_psl72f","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY THC 0d BEFORE HR 1011 — \"Community Mental Health Services Improvement Act\" · sponsor D-TX","explanation":"Member traded THC (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 1011 \"Community Mental Health Services Improvement Act\", sponsored by Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"THC","date":"2025-12-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1011","title":"Community Mental Health Services Improvement Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-10","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29]","sponsorBioguide":"G000410","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201011"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_857jcn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY SHOP 0d BEFORE S 961 — \"Data Security Act of 2015\"","explanation":"Member traded SHOP (Technology) within 0 days of S 961 \"Data Security Act of 2015\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2025-12-08","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 961","title":"Data Security Act of 2015","introducedDate":"2025-12-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20961"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_v078zf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NFLX 0d BEFORE S 961 — \"Data Security Act of 2015\"","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 0 days of S 961 \"Data Security Act of 2015\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2025-12-08","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 961","title":"Data Security Act of 2015","introducedDate":"2025-12-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20961"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_3dkx3t","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY HOOD 1d after HR 3218 — \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded HOOD (Technology) within 1 days of HR 3218 \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOOD","date":"2025-11-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3218","title":"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-05","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203218"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_pu91xk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY HOOD 1d BEFORE HR 217 — \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded HOOD (Technology) within 1 days of HR 217 \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOOD","date":"2025-10-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 217","title":"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-09","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20217"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_7z00mj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SHOP 1d BEFORE HR 5288 — \"AI Sovereignty Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SHOP (Technology) within 1 days of HR 5288 \"AI Sovereignty Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2025-10-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5288","title":"AI Sovereignty Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-07","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205288"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_br33fh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LLY 1d BEFORE HR 1142 — \"To amend the Public Health Service Act to direct t…\"","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 1142 \"To amend the Public Health Service Act to direct the Secretary of Health and Hum\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1142","title":"To amend the Public Health Service Act to direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish drug adherence ","introducedDate":"2025-06-04","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201142"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_w7fl3a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY IBM 0d BEFORE HRES 286 — \"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit ce…\"","explanation":"Member traded IBM (Technology) within 0 days of HRES 286 \"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit certain documents relating to th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 286","title":"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit certain documents relating to the dangerous, unaccountable use of AI by ","introducedDate":"2025-06-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20286"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_rynxbx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY IBM 0d BEFORE HR 1694 — \"AI Accountability Act\"","explanation":"Member traded IBM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1694 \"AI Accountability Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-05-14","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1694","title":"AI Accountability Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-14","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201694"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_osin42","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY LLY 0d BEFORE HR 5710 — \"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Rep…\" · sponsor R-KY","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 0 days of HR 5710 \"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Reauthorization Act of \", sponsored by Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5710","title":"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Reauthorization Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-04-21","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1]","sponsorBioguide":"W000413","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"KY","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205710"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_ijacvd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOGL 0d BEFORE HR 5473 — \"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5473 \"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of 2018\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-04-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5473","title":"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of 2018","introducedDate":"2025-04-21","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205473"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_hneu3l","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMZN 1d after HR 533 — \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 1 days of HR 533 \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-04-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 533","title":"Bank Privacy Reform Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20533"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_f139kr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NFLX 1d after HR 533 — \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 1 days of HR 533 \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2025-04-16","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 533","title":"Bank Privacy Reform Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20533"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_fn62g9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 1d after HR 494 — \"To amend the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of HR 494 \"To amend the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 to make improvements to the F\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-04-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 494","title":"To amend the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 to make improvements to the Federal Cyber Scholarship for Service Pro","introducedDate":"2025-04-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20494"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_osdua5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CRM 10d BEFORE HR 7572 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded CRM (Technology) within 10 days of HR 7572 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2025-03-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7572","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-10}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207572"]},{"id":"P1_J000309_8trn4h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GD 0d BEFORE HR 7661 — \"Taiwan and American Space Assistance Act of 2024\"","explanation":"Member traded GD (Defense) within 0 days of HR 7661 \"Taiwan and American Space Assistance Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2024-12-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7661","title":"Taiwan and American Space Assistance Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2024-12-16","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207661"]},{"id":"P4_J000309_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 79d late on avg — overall avg only 53d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 78.8 days — versus 53.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":15,"avgGap":79},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":128,"avgGap":53},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_J000309_3ns04a","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$610,000 lobbying spike near IBM trade","explanation":"IBM was lobbied $610,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $253,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"IBM","recentTotal":610000,"baselineAvg":253333,"recordCount":1,"topClients":["INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (IBM)"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_J000309_gya4yw","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,610,000 lobbying spike near C trade","explanation":"C was lobbied $1,610,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $586,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"C","recentTotal":1610000,"baselineAvg":586667,"recordCount":7,"topClients":["CITIGROUP WASHINGTON INC.","CITIGROUP WASHINGTON INC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_J000309_pfn1un","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,770,000 lobbying spike near PANW trade","explanation":"PANW was lobbied $1,770,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $260,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2026-02-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"PANW","recentTotal":1770000,"baselineAvg":260000,"recordCount":6,"topClients":["PALO ALTO NETWORKS INC."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_J000309_kcxcc1","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$710,000 lobbying spike near VSAT trade","explanation":"VSAT was lobbied $710,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $253,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSAT","date":"2026-01-22","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"VSAT","recentTotal":710000,"baselineAvg":253333,"recordCount":6,"topClients":["VIASAT INC.","VIASAT INC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_J000309_jtnbvi","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$190,000 lobbying spike near SHOP trade","explanation":"SHOP was lobbied $190,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $36,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2025-12-08","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"SHOP","recentTotal":190000,"baselineAvg":36667,"recordCount":1,"topClients":["SHOPIFY INC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_J000309_b0kd59","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,040,000 lobbying spike near IBM trade","explanation":"IBM was lobbied $1,040,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-05-14","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"IBM","recentTotal":1040000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":1,"topClients":["INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (IBM)"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_J000309_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$500,066 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $500,066 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":500065.59,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P6_J000309_titzm1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$491,250 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Web3 Forward","explanation":"Web3 Forward spent $491,250 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804187","name":"Web3 Forward","support":491250,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804187/"]},{"id":"P17_J000309_REGN_2024-11-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold REGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-11-12 and 2024-11-19, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on REGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2024-11-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"REGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000309","name":"Jonathan Jackson"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2024-11-12 to 2024-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000309_LLY_2025-05-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-05-28 and 2025-06-03, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-05-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"J000309","name":"Jonathan Jackson"}],"span":"2025-05-28 to 2025-06-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000309_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"62 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jonathan Jackson executed 62 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-03-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Demersal Shelf Rockfish in the Western, Central, and West Yakutat R","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Ohio; 2015 Ozone Moderate Reasonably Available Control Technology","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000309_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jonathan Jackson executed 15 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2026-02-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2026-02-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 132","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 132","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000309_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jonathan Jackson executed 9 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-06-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-05-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Hematology and Pathology Devices; Classification of the Coagulation System for the Measurement of Whole","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-05-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Name Change From Office of Child Support Enforcement to Office of Child Support Services; Withdrawal","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Children and Families Administration","date":"2025-04-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000309_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jonathan Jackson executed 11 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2025-04-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2025-03-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2025-03-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2024-07-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Sandusky Bay, Sandusky, OH","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"State Safety Oversight","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Transit Administration","date":"2025-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000309_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jonathan Jackson executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2024-12-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":17,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2024-09-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HEI","date":"2023-12-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"DoD Discharge Appeal Review Board","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2024-11-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Exemption for Defense Trade and Cooperation Among Australia, the United Kingd","agency":"State Department","date":"2024-08-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000309_j06cie","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jonathan Jackson campaign paid $8,148,253 to 44 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson's campaign paid 133 disbursements totaling $8,148,253 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":82388.84,"date":"2021-11-15","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL 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SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P21_J000309_Finance","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance BUYs filed 79d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Finance (13 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":15,"avgGap":79,"buys":13,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":128,"avgGap":53}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_J000309_Telecom","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom BUYs filed 91d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Telecom (4 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":6,"avgGap":91,"buys":4,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":128,"avgGap":53}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_J000309_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Finance trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Jonathan Jackson cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-11","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-05","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","daysDiff":14,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-04","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":13,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-01-30","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":8,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_J000309_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Jonathan Jackson cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-05","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":16,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2026-02-05","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","daysDiff":16,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2026-02-03","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":14,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2026-01-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","daysDiff":10,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P24_J000309_mx9tln","pattern_type":"P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded HOOD (Technology) the same day as voting on Technology legislation","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson executed sector-matching trades on the same calendar day they cast sector-related votes. This is the tightest possible timing correlation in our data — ask whether the trade was placed before or after the vote was cast.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOOD","date":"2026-01-20","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Technology","daysDiff":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_J000309","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"20% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.1× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 181 disclosed trades, 36 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.1× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":36,"total":181,"rate":19.9},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.09}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_J000309","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing; 2 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 1 more)","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 2 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":60,"highSeverityCount":24,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_J000309_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+12 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson accumulated 37 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 12 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 12 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":12,"totalRaw":37,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":12,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000309"]},{"id":"P40_J000309_WMT_20260201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in WMT 19 days before FTC action","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson traded WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2026-02-01","title":"Walmart Agrees to $100 Million Judgment to Settle FTC, States’ Charges Over Deceptive Earnings Claims Related to the Company’s Spark Driver Delivery Service","penalty":100000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/walmart-agrees-100-million-judgment-settle-ftc-states-charges-over-deceptive-earnings-claims-related"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-13","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/walmart-agrees-100-million-judgment-settle-ftc-states-charges-over-deceptive-earnings-claims-related"]},{"id":"P37_J000309_NFLX_20251208","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2025-Q4 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson executed a sell in NFLX during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-08","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_J000309_NFLX_20250416","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2025-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson executed a buy in NFLX during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_J000309_MSFT_20250410","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-10","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_MSFT_20250304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-25-004143","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_UNH_20230228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $UNH 1 day after a corporate insider (HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)","filingDate":"2023-02-27","adsh":"0001209191-23-013408","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_MCK_20250304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $MCK 1 day after a corporate insider (TYLER BRIAN S.  (CIK 0001382297)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCK","filer":"TYLER BRIAN S.  (CIK 0001382297)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-25-004113","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_REGN_20241113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $REGN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $REGN 1 day after a corporate insider (MURPHY ANDREW J  (CIK 0001796226)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"REGN","filer":"MURPHY ANDREW J  (CIK 0001796226)","filingDate":"2024-11-12","adsh":"0001968202-24-000134","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_KKR_20250404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KKR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $KKR 2 days after a corporate insider (KRAVIS HENRY R  (CIK 0001081714)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KKR","filer":"KRAVIS HENRY R  (CIK 0001081714)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001140361-25-011910","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_HOOD_20250905","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HOOD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $HOOD 2 days after a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOOD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOOD","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2025-09-03","adsh":"0000789019-25-000014","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_ORLY_20260319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORLY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $ORLY 2 days after a corporate insider (MONTELLANO NAJERA JOSE A  (CIK 0002014743)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORLY","filer":"MONTELLANO NAJERA JOSE A  (CIK 0002014743)","filingDate":"2026-03-17","adsh":"0002014743-26-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_AMAT_20240313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $AMAT 2 days after a corporate insider (DE GEUS AART  (CIK 0001249802)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"DE GEUS AART  (CIK 0001249802)","filingDate":"2024-03-11","adsh":"0001127602-24-009448","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_W_20231220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $W 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $W 2 days after a corporate insider (Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)","filingDate":"2023-12-18","adsh":"0001209191-23-059059","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_GEV_20260130","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GEV 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $GEV 3 days after a corporate insider (Abate Victor  (CIK 0002005215)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GEV","filer":"Abate Victor  (CIK 0002005215)","filingDate":"2026-01-27","adsh":"0001996810-26-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_COP_20240705","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $COP 3 days after a corporate insider (Mullins Eric D.  (CIK 0001524717)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COP","filer":"Mullins Eric D.  (CIK 0001524717)","filingDate":"2024-07-02","adsh":"0000950170-24-080085","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_META_20250324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $META 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $META 4 days after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-03-20","adsh":"0000950103-25-003699","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_INTC_20240108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $INTC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $INTC 5 days after a corporate insider (Goldsmith Andrea Jo  (CIK 0001730514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"Goldsmith Andrea Jo  (CIK 0001730514)","filingDate":"2024-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-24-000407","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_LULU_20240402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LULU 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $LULU 5 days after a corporate insider (MORFITT MARTHA A M  (CIK 0001190813)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LULU","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LULU","filer":"MORFITT MARTHA A M  (CIK 0001190813)","filingDate":"2024-03-28","adsh":"0001062993-24-007387","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_META_20251111","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $META 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $META 5 days after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-11-06","adsh":"0000950103-25-014438","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000309_GD_20240924","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $GD 5 days after a corporate insider (Nye C Howard  (CIK 0001373147)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"Nye C Howard  (CIK 0001373147)","filingDate":"2024-09-19","adsh":"0000950170-24-108093","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_KKR_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KKR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $KKR 1 day before a corporate insider (KRAVIS HENRY R  (CIK 0001081714)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KKR","filer":"KRAVIS HENRY R  (CIK 0001081714)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001140361-25-006952"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_MELI_20251210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MELI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $MELI 1 day before a corporate insider (Tolda Stelleo  (CIK 0001409289)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MELI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MELI","filer":"Tolda Stelleo  (CIK 0001409289)","filingDate":"2025-12-11","adsh":"0001999371-25-020133"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_BP_20240108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $BP 1 day before a corporate insider (FLEISCHER RUSSELL L  (CIK 0001108424)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BP","filer":"FLEISCHER RUSSELL L  (CIK 0001108424)","filingDate":"2024-01-09","adsh":"0001209191-24-001264"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_REGN_20240117","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $REGN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $REGN 1 day before a corporate insider (Landry Robert E  (CIK 0001585160)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"REGN","filer":"Landry Robert E  (CIK 0001585160)","filingDate":"2024-01-18","adsh":"0001968202-24-000036"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_CHD_20250505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CHD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $CHD 1 day before a corporate insider (IRWIN BRADLEY C  (CIK 0001379399)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHD","filer":"IRWIN BRADLEY C  (CIK 0001379399)","filingDate":"2025-05-06","adsh":"0001127602-25-013436"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_CHD_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CHD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $CHD 1 day before a corporate insider (Pokhriyal Surabhi  (CIK 0002039588)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHD","filer":"Pokhriyal Surabhi  (CIK 0002039588)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001127602-25-007837"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_W_20240117","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $W 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $W 1 day before a corporate insider (Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)","filingDate":"2024-01-18","adsh":"0000950170-24-005436"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_AMZN_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $AMZN 2 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_JPM_20260120","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JPM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $JPM 2 days before a corporate insider (Buck Michele  (CIK 0001323734)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"Buck Michele  (CIK 0001323734)","filingDate":"2026-01-22","adsh":"0001225208-26-000753"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_ADI_20240313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $ADI 2 days before a corporate insider (JOHNSON MERCEDES  (CIK 0001225110)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"JOHNSON MERCEDES  (CIK 0001225110)","filingDate":"2024-03-15","adsh":"0000006281-24-000088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_WMT_20260113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WMT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $WMT 2 days before a corporate insider (Brand Rachel L  (CIK 0001736097)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Brand Rachel L  (CIK 0001736097)","filingDate":"2026-01-15","adsh":"0000104169-26-000019"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_TMUS_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMUS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $TMUS 3 days before a corporate insider (Datar Srikant M.  (CIK 0001376436)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Datar Srikant M.  (CIK 0001376436)","filingDate":"2025-03-06","adsh":"0001283699-25-000053"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_GD_20241216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $GD 3 days before a corporate insider (HANEY CECIL D  (CIK 0001769664)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"HANEY CECIL D  (CIK 0001769664)","filingDate":"2024-12-19","adsh":"0000950170-24-138326"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_W_20231215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $W 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $W 3 days before a corporate insider (Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)","filingDate":"2023-12-18","adsh":"0001209191-23-059059"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_NEE_20230526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $NEE 4 days before a corporate insider (Nee Paul  (CIK 0001962708)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"Nee Paul  (CIK 0001962708)","filingDate":"2023-05-30","adsh":"0001437749-23-016168"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_REGN_20241101","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $REGN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $REGN 4 days before a corporate insider (McCourt Marion  (CIK 0001663758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"REGN","filer":"McCourt Marion  (CIK 0001663758)","filingDate":"2024-11-05","adsh":"0001968202-24-000132"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_HXL_20240424","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HXL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $HXL 5 days before a corporate insider (Stanage Nick L  (CIK 0001348489)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HXL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HXL","filer":"Stanage Nick L  (CIK 0001348489)","filingDate":"2024-04-29","adsh":"0000950170-24-049819"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_MAR_20231011","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MAR 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $MAR 6 days before a corporate insider (Sahai Sandeep  (CIK 0001879927)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MAR","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MAR","filer":"Sahai Sandeep  (CIK 0001879927)","filingDate":"2023-10-17","adsh":"0001562180-23-007318"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_WCN_20230831","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WCN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $WCN 6 days before a corporate insider (NIELSEN III ROBERT  (CIK 0001983938)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WCN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WCN","filer":"NIELSEN III ROBERT  (CIK 0001983938)","filingDate":"2023-09-06","adsh":"0001562180-23-006726"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_STT_20251111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $STT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $STT 7 days before a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2025-11-18","adsh":"0000093751-25-000663"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_CRM_20250311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CRM 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $CRM 7 days before a corporate insider (Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)","filingDate":"2025-03-18","adsh":"0001127602-25-009840"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_CRM_20241028","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson buy $CRM 7 days before a corporate insider (Reddy Sundeep G.  (CIK 0001747579)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Reddy Sundeep G.  (CIK 0001747579)","filingDate":"2024-11-04","adsh":"0001127602-24-026389"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_AMZN_20260211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $AMZN 7 days before a corporate insider (GORELICK JAMIE S  (CIK 0001184176)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"GORELICK JAMIE S  (CIK 0001184176)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0001018724-26-000008"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_GOOGL_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $GOOGL 8 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-04-29","adsh":"0000950170-25-060465"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_META_20251111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sell $META 8 days before a corporate insider (KIMMITT ROBERT M  (CIK 0001181218)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"KIMMITT ROBERT M  (CIK 0001181218)","filingDate":"2025-11-19","adsh":"0000950103-25-015039"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000309_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+11 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson accumulated 36 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 11 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":11,"totalRaw":36}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_J000309_AgWest_Farm_Credit_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AgWest Farm Credit testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $3,000 donor","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mrs. Mandy Minick (AgWest Farm Credit) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Mandy Minick","witnessOrg":"AgWest Farm Credit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_J000309_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_J000309_United_Council_on_Welfare_Frau_116052","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Council on Welfare Fraud testified before House Agriculture — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sits on House Agriculture, which on 2023-06-07 held a hearing titled \"“Innovation, Employment, Integrity, and Health: Opportunities for Modernization in Title IV”\". The witness Ms. Dawn Royal (United Council on Welfare Fraud) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"116052","title":"“Innovation, Employment, Integrity, and Health: Opportunities for Modernization in Title IV”","date":"2023-06-07T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Dawn Royal","witnessOrg":"United Council on Welfare Fraud","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116052"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED PILOTS PAC/UNITED AIRLINES MASTER EXECUTIVE COUNCIL","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20PILOTS%20PAC%2FUNITED%20AIRLINES%20MASTER%20EXECUTIVE%20COUNCIL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116052","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20PILOTS%20PAC%2FUNITED%20AIRLINES%20MASTER%20EXECUTIVE%20COUNCIL"]},{"id":"P48_J000309_118161","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 7 days before a Technology hearing in House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson sits on House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe, which on 2025-04-29 held a hearing titled \"Shaping the Future of Cyber Diplomacy: Review for State Department Reauthorization\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $AMZN (a Technology-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe","eventId":"118161","title":"Shaping the Future of Cyber Diplomacy: Review for State Department Reauthorization","date":"2025-04-29T18:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118161"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118161","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_J000309","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $75,000","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson received campaign contributions totaling $75,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CANNABIS BUSINESS ASSOCIATION OF ILLINOIS ($15,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION, A MUTUAL LEGAL RE ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":75000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"ILLINOIS BLACK BUSINESS POLITICAL ACTION FUND, INC.","ldaClient":"CANNABIS BUSINESS ASSOCIATION OF ILLINOIS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION, A MUTUAL LEGAL RESERVE COMPANY (HCSC)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_J000309","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 101 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 101 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (26); insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (16); lobby spike trade (6); reg rule trade proximity (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":101,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":16},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/J000309","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_J000309","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jonathan Jackson's campaign paid $2,553,526 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ ($601,871)","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 34 payments totaling $2,553,526 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ ($601,871 across 5 payments, services: LEGAL FEES · LEGAL EXPENSE · LEGAL SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2553526.15,"paymentCount":34,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":601871.13,"count":5,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEES","LEGAL EXPENSE","LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"descriptions":["RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","total":494516.20999999996,"count":5,"descriptions":["SITE RENTAL"]},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":303833.07999999996,"count":4,"descriptions":["JFC DISTRIBUTION","JFC DISTRIBUTION - P24"]},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","total":230900,"count":4,"descriptions":["WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT & DESIGN","INTERNET SERVICES"]}],"surname":"jackson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2IL01349&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_J000309","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jonathan Jackson draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.2M PAC / $3.6M total)","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.2M of $3.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3.6,"pacSharePct":33.2,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2IL01349"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL01349/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_J000309","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jonathan Jackson filed 60 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 31 distinct tickers, 30 buys, 30 sells","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson filed 60 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 30 were buy transactions and 30 were sells, spanning 31 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":60,"distinctTickers":31,"buys":30,"sells":30,"sampleTickers":["BP","ORLY","AMZN","BK","IBM","C","THC","WELL","PANW","BRCM","SHOP","GEV"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_J000309","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jonathan Jackson executed 15 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AMZN (23d apart)","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson has 15 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AMZN 2025-03-24 → 2025-04-16 (23d) · SELL→BUY AMZN 2025-04-16 → 2025-04-23 (7d) · BUY→SELL AMZN 2026-02-05 → 2026-02-11 (6d) · BUY→SELL PANW 2025-03-03 → 2025-03-17 (14d) · BUY→SELL PLTR 2025-12-22 → 2026-01-16 (25d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":15,"samples":[{"ticker":"AMZN","days":23,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-24","date2":"2025-04-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-04-16","date2":"2025-04-23","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-02-05","date2":"2026-02-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PANW","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-03","date2":"2025-03-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PLTR","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-12-22","date2":"2026-01-16","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"META","days":23,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-24","date2":"2025-04-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"META","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-04-16","date2":"2025-04-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LRCX","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-08-13","date2":"2025-09-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_J000309","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jonathan Jackson triggers 40 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson accumulates 40 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":40,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_J000309","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jonathan Jackson — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (181/181)","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":181,"atBracket":181,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_J000309","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jonathan Jackson — 74 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson has traded 74 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":74,"sample":["BP","ORLY","AMZN","BK","IBM","C","THC","WELL","PANW","BRCM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_J000309","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jonathan Jackson — 3 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Jonathan Jackson has traded 3 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":3,"tickers":["HOOD","PLTR","ARM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000110":[{"id":"P1_F000110_cgcufk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY META 0d BEFORE HR 5227 — \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5227 \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5227","title":"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205227"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_m74jsj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MU 0d BEFORE HR 5227 — \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MU (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5227 \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5227","title":"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205227"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_q1uxef","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY GOOGL 0d BEFORE HR 5227 — \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5227 \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5227","title":"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205227"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_vqpxwd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AMD 0d BEFORE HR 5227 — \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5227 \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5227","title":"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205227"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_jq65or","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NFLX 0d BEFORE HR 6503 — \"Broadband for Americans through Responsible Stream…\"","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6503 \"Broadband for Americans through Responsible Streamlining (BARS) Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2026-01-20","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6503","title":"Broadband for Americans through Responsible Streamlining (BARS) Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-20","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206503"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_8oghfr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY GOOG 0d BEFORE HR 6503 — \"Broadband for Americans through Responsible Stream…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOG (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6503 \"Broadband for Americans through Responsible Streamlining (BARS) Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2026-01-20","amount":"$100,001 - 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Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-10-30","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_qfq76r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 1d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-10-30","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_qfq76r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NVDA 1d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. 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$250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4544","title":"Consumer Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204544"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_465lyh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 4544 — \"Consumer Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4544 \"Consumer Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-09-03","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4544","title":"Consumer Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204544"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_ikoxwc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 10263 — \"Responsible AI Disclosure Act of 2024\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 10263 \"Responsible AI Disclosure Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-08-15","amount":"$100,001 - 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Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LRCX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000110","name":"Cleo Fields"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000829","name":"Tony Wied"}],"span":"2026-02-03 to 2026-02-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000110_CMG_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-30 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on CMG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","date":"2025-10-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000110","name":"Cleo Fields"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"}],"span":"2025-10-30 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000110_PLTR_2025-10-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-07 and 2025-10-10, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on PLTR. 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Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AMD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"F000110","name":"Cleo Fields"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2026-02-02 to 2026-02-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000110_AMD_2026-02-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AMD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-03 and 2026-02-10, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AMD. 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Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":82388.84,"date":"2021-11-15","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":75528.75,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":69184.86,"date":"2022-11-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","total":494516.20999999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":213593.8,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":102945.43,"date":"2025-09-25","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":67886.74,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON RIVER","total":230900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":75218.75,"date":"2012-07-12","description":"WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT & DESIGN","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":64531.25,"date":"2012-05-10","description":"INTERNET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":45925,"date":"2013-11-21","description":"INTERNET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P20_F000110_1gpdm","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Cleo Fields sits on committees overseeing Finance, Real Estate and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-10-10","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":25266115.07,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_F000110_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Cleo Fields cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","daysDiff":14,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","daysDiff":14,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":14,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","daysDiff":14,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_F000110_arhb9z","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"32 trades in NVDA (Technology) — 17% of this member's 186 total trades","explanation":"Cleo Fields has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NVDA","count":32,"buys":31,"sells":1,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2025-02-05","lastDate":"2025-10-30"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AAPL","count":18,"buys":18,"sells":0,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2025-06-03","lastDate":"2026-02-12"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"GOOG","count":16,"buys":16,"sells":0,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2025-06-05","lastDate":"2026-03-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P24_F000110_usy8x4","pattern_type":"P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded NFLX (Technology) the same day as voting on Technology legislation — and 2 more same-day pairings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed sector-matching trades on the same calendar day they cast sector-related votes. This is the tightest possible timing correlation in our data — ask whether the trade was placed before or after the vote was cast.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2026-01-20","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","sector":"Technology","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2026-01-20","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","sector":"Technology","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2026-01-20","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","sector":"Technology","daysDiff":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_F000110_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"53% of PAC dollars ($59,800) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"Cleo Fields receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":59800,"share":52.7,"totalPAC":113495.67,"pacCount":20},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":59800,"share":52.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":15000,"share":13.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":9695.67,"share":8.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Pharma","amount":5000,"share":4.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000110","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"Cleo Fields has findings in 14 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":14,"totalFindings":182,"highSeverityCount":115,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+107 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 132 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 107 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 53 HIGH · 54 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":107,"totalRaw":132,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":53,"MEDIUM":54,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]},{"id":"P5_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+8 more P5 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 33 P5 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 8 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 8 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P5","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":8,"totalRaw":33,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":8,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 28 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]},{"id":"P5_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more P5 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 26 P5 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 1 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P5","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":1,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 28 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]},{"id":"P5_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more P5 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 26 P5 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 1 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P5","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":1,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_hconres-68_META_20260120","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of META within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-68","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-68. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-68","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-H.Con_.Res-68.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-H.Con_.Res-68.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_sjres-98_META_20260120","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of META within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-98","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-98. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-98","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR98.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR98.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_hr-504_META_20260120","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of META within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-504","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-504. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-504","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR504.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR504.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_hr-131_META_20260120","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of META within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-131","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-131. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-131","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR131.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR131.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_sjres-82_META_20260120","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of META within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-82","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-82. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-82","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR82.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR82.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_hconres-64_META_20260120","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of META within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-64","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-64. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-64","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-64.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-64.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_hconres-61_META_20260120","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of META within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-61","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-61. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-61","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-61.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-61.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_sjres-88_GOOGL_20251023","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-88","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-88. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-88","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR88.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR88.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_sjres-81_GOOGL_20251023","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-81","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-81. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-81","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR81.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR81.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_sjres-77_GOOGL_20251023","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-77","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-77. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"veto_threat\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-77","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR77.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"veto_threat"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR77.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_sjres-71_GOOGL_20251023","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-71","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-71. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"veto_threat\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-71","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR71.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"veto_threat"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR71.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_F000110_sjres-83_GOOGL_20251023","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-83","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-83. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"veto_threat\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-83","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR83.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"veto_threat"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJR83.pdf"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_META_20260203","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of META in 2026-Q1 while MONEY METALS DEPOSITORY LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MONEY METALS DEPOSITORY LLC, METALLUS (FKA METTALLUS)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-03","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["MONEY METALS DEPOSITORY LLC","METALLUS (FKA METTALLUS)","META PLATFORMS INC (FKA FACEBOOK)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOGL_20260203","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2026-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-03","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_NFLX_20260120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2026-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in NFLX during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC., NETFLIX). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC.","NETFLIX"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOG_20260120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOG in 2026-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOG during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_META_20260120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of META in 2026-Q1 while MONEY METALS DEPOSITORY LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MONEY METALS DEPOSITORY LLC, METALLUS (FKA METTALLUS)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["MONEY METALS DEPOSITORY LLC","METALLUS (FKA METTALLUS)","META PLATFORMS INC (FKA FACEBOOK)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOGL_20251226","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-26","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOGL_20251211","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOGL_20251209","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-09","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOGL_20251201","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-01","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_NFLX_20251120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2025-Q4 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in NFLX during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-20","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_NFLX_20251103","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2025-Q4 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in NFLX during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-03","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_NFLX_20251031","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2025-Q4 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in NFLX during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-31","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_AAPL_20251030","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-30","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_NVDA_20251030","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2025-Q4 while NVIDIA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in NVDA during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA, NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-30","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA","NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOG_20251029","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOG in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOG during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOGL_20251023","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOGL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-23","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_AAPL_20251023","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-23","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_AAPL_20250910","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2025-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in AAPL during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-10","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE, INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_META_20250910","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of META in 2025-Q3 while TMP METALS GROUP, LTD. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in META during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TMP METALS GROUP, LTD., AMERICAN RHEINMETALL VEHICLES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-10","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["TMP METALS GROUP, LTD.","AMERICAN RHEINMETALL VEHICLES, LLC","MAGRATHEA METALS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_AMZN_20250910","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2025-Q3 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in AMZN during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON WEB SERVICES). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-10","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_AAPL_20250903","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2025-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in AAPL during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-03","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE, INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_AMZN_20250903","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2025-Q3 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in AMZN during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON WEB SERVICES). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-03","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GOOG_20250903","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOG in 2025-Q3 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in GOOG during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, GOOGLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-03","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES","GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE PUBLIC SECTOR (FKA GOOGLE CLOUD)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_NVDA_20250903","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2025-Q3 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in NVDA during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION, NVIDIA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-03","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION","NVIDIA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_NVDA_20250815","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2025-Q3 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed a buy in NVDA during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION, NVIDIA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-15","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION","NVIDIA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_ORCL_20250918","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ORCL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $ORCL 1 day after a corporate insider (Levey Stuart  (CIK 0001952913)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Levey Stuart  (CIK 0001952913)","filingDate":"2025-09-17","adsh":"0001341439-25-000016","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_AMZN_20250903","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-09-02","adsh":"0001018724-25-000110","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_AAPL_20251113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AAPL 1 day after a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0001631982-25-000011","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_PLTR_20250625","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLTR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $PLTR 1 day after a corporate insider (Buckley Jeffrey  (CIK 0001705189)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLTR","filer":"Buckley Jeffrey  (CIK 0001705189)","filingDate":"2025-06-24","adsh":"0001321655-25-000093","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_META_20250801","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-07-31","adsh":"0000950103-25-009651","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_AVGO_20250718","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AVGO 2 days after a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2025-07-16","adsh":"0001730168-25-000091","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_NVDA_20250605","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $NVDA 2 days after a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2025-06-03","adsh":"0001045810-25-000123","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_GOOGL_20251201","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $GOOGL 3 days after a corporate insider (Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)","filingDate":"2025-11-28","adsh":"0001193125-25-302626","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_AMZN_20250815","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2025-08-12","adsh":"0001018724-25-000090","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_NVDA_20250626","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $NVDA 3 days after a corporate insider (Teter Timothy S.  (CIK 0001696841)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Teter Timothy S.  (CIK 0001696841)","filingDate":"2025-06-23","adsh":"0001045810-25-000138","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_PLTR_20251010","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PLTR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $PLTR 3 days after a corporate insider (Stat Lauren Elaina Friedman  (CIK 0001840244)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLTR","filer":"Stat Lauren Elaina Friedman  (CIK 0001840244)","filingDate":"2025-10-07","adsh":"0001840244-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_GOOGL_20260203","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $GOOGL 4 days after a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2026-01-30","adsh":"0001193125-26-032283","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_AMZN_20250609","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AMZN 4 days after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-06-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000110_AVGO_20250917","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AVGO 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AVGO 5 days after a corporate insider (TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)","filingDate":"2025-09-12","adsh":"0001730168-25-000102","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_GOOGL_20251201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-12-02","adsh":"0001193125-25-305621"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_NVDA_20250903","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (HUDSON DAWN E  (CIK 0001219888)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"HUDSON DAWN E  (CIK 0001219888)","filingDate":"2025-09-04","adsh":"0001219888-25-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_NFLX_20251103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NFLX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $NFLX 1 day before a corporate insider (Masiyiwa Strive  (CIK 0001837857)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFLX","filer":"Masiyiwa Strive  (CIK 0001837857)","filingDate":"2025-11-04","adsh":"0001065280-25-000431"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_AAPL_20251113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (Adams Katherine L.  (CIK 0001462356)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Adams Katherine L.  (CIK 0001462356)","filingDate":"2025-11-14","adsh":"0001462356-25-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_CRWV_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CRWV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields sell $CRWV 1 day before a corporate insider (Agrawal Nitin  (CIK 0002058038)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWV","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWV","filer":"Agrawal Nitin  (CIK 0002058038)","filingDate":"2025-12-12","adsh":"0001769628-25-000109"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_GOOGL_20251215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $GOOGL 2 days before a corporate insider (Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001193125-25-323453"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_AVGO_20250813","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AVGO 2 days before a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2025-08-15","adsh":"0001359561-25-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_ORCL_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ORCL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $ORCL 3 days before a corporate insider (Magouyrk Clayton M.  (CIK 0002071873)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Magouyrk Clayton M.  (CIK 0002071873)","filingDate":"2025-09-26","adsh":"0001341439-25-000037"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_T_20250630","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $T 3 days before a corporate insider (Seavers Dean  (CIK 0001403296)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Seavers Dean  (CIK 0001403296)","filingDate":"2025-07-03","adsh":"0000915913-25-000119"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_CMG_20250603","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CMG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $CMG 3 days before a corporate insider (Garner Curtis E  (CIK 0001641487)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMG","filer":"Garner Curtis E  (CIK 0001641487)","filingDate":"2025-06-06","adsh":"0001127602-25-016970"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_UBER_20250710","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $UBER 4 days before a corporate insider (Trujillo David  (CIK 0001262929)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Trujillo David  (CIK 0001262929)","filingDate":"2025-07-14","adsh":"0001562180-25-005413"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_MSFT_20260312","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2026-03-16","adsh":"0000789019-26-000066"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_AMZN_20250801","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AMZN 4 days before a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2025-08-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_NVDA_20250626","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $NVDA 4 days before a corporate insider (JONES HARVEY C  (CIK 0001197650)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"JONES HARVEY C  (CIK 0001197650)","filingDate":"2025-06-30","adsh":"0001045810-25-000178"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_AMD_20250815","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMD 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $AMD 4 days before a corporate insider (Carter Philip Matthew  (CIK 0001976916)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"Carter Philip Matthew  (CIK 0001976916)","filingDate":"2025-08-19","adsh":"0000002488-25-000144"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_META_20250801","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $META 4 days before a corporate insider (Alford Peggy  (CIK 0001736236)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Alford Peggy  (CIK 0001736236)","filingDate":"2025-08-05","adsh":"0000950103-25-009975"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_GOOGL_20251226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $GOOGL 5 days before a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-12-31","adsh":"0001193125-25-338435"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_MSFT_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $MSFT 5 days before a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2025-12-16","adsh":"0000789019-25-000132"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_QCOM_20250910","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $QCOM 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $QCOM 5 days before a corporate insider (Grech Patricia Y  (CIK 0002081650)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"Grech Patricia Y  (CIK 0002081650)","filingDate":"2025-09-15","adsh":"0000804328-25-000055"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_MCD_20250625","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCD 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $MCD 6 days before a corporate insider (Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)","filingDate":"2025-07-01","adsh":"0001567619-25-000360"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_LRCX_20260203","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LRCX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $LRCX 6 days before a corporate insider (BRANDT ERIC  (CIK 0001190639)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"BRANDT ERIC  (CIK 0001190639)","filingDate":"2026-02-09","adsh":"0001190639-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_UBER_20250910","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $UBER 6 days before a corporate insider (KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)","filingDate":"2025-09-16","adsh":"0001552781-25-000290"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_META_20250813","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $META 6 days before a corporate insider (TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)","filingDate":"2025-08-19","adsh":"0000950103-25-010484"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_MCD_20250729","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCD 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $MCD 8 days before a corporate insider (Ralls-Morrison Desiree  (CIK 0001723937)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Ralls-Morrison Desiree  (CIK 0001723937)","filingDate":"2025-08-06","adsh":"0001567619-25-000381"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_MSFT_20250603","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cleo Fields buy $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)","filingDate":"2025-06-11","adsh":"0001062993-25-011467"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000110_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+2 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 27 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 2 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":2,"totalRaw":27}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P48_F000110_119110","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOG 11 days before a Technology hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","explanation":"Cleo Fields sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence, which on 2026-03-26 held a hearing titled \"Innovation at the Speed of Markets: How Regulators Keep Pace with Technology\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $GOOG (a Technology-sector stock) 11 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","eventId":"119110","title":"Innovation at the Speed of Markets: How Regulators Keep Pace with Technology","date":"2026-03-26T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119110"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119110","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000110_118459","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JPM 9 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Cleo Fields sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-08 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Less Mandates. More Independence.\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118459","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Less Mandates. More Independence.","date":"2025-07-08T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118459"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118459","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000110_118402","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JPM 5 days after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Cleo Fields sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-06-24 held a hearing titled \"The Federal Reserve's Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118402","title":"The Federal Reserve's Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report","date":"2025-06-24T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118402"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118402","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000110_118324","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day before a Technology hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","explanation":"Cleo Fields sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $GOOG (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_F000110","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $34,695.67","explanation":"Cleo Fields received campaign contributions totaling $34,695.67 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REGIONS BANK ($9,695.67); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($5,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":34695.67,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"REGIONS BANK","ldaClient":"REGIONS BANK","donorTotal":9695.67,"exact":true},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_F000110_2025-07-28","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"28 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-07-28 — 13 unique tickers","explanation":"Cleo Fields executed 28 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-07-28 to 2025-08-01), spanning 13 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-07-28","windowEnd":"2025-08-01","tradeCount":28,"uniqueTickers":13,"totalDisclosedTrades":186,"sampleTickers":["PLTR","BMNR","MSFT","AVGO","NVDA","META","GOOG","MCD","AAPL","AMZN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_F000110","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 216 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Cleo Fields appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 216 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (80); trade near vote (31); lobby spike trade (29); insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (14).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":216,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":80},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":31},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":29},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":5},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000110","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_F000110","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cleo Fields's campaign paid $120,610 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: CARLTON FIELDS ($40,000)","explanation":"Cleo Fields's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 7 payments totaling $120,610 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CARLTON FIELDS ($40,000 across 1 payments, services: LEGAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":120610.13,"paymentCount":7,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CARLTON FIELDS","total":40000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FIELDS, WALTER","total":28000,"count":2,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","DIVERSITY OUTREACH"]},{"payee":"OLYMPIA FIELDS COUNTRY CLUB","total":16986.13,"count":1,"descriptions":["FR GOLF OUTING"]},{"payee":"MARSHALL FIELDS","total":15544,"count":1,"descriptions":["VENUE EXPENSES FOR PAC EVENT"]},{"payee":"SALT RIVER FIELDS","total":10080,"count":1,"descriptions":["TICKETS FOR FUNDRAISING EVENT"]}],"surname":"fields"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4LA06211&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P139_F000110","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cleo Fields filed 185 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 32 distinct tickers, 173 buys, 12 sells","explanation":"Cleo Fields filed 185 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 173 were buy transactions and 12 were sells, spanning 32 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":185,"distinctTickers":32,"buys":173,"sells":12,"sampleTickers":["GOOG","MSFT","AAPL","META","MU","LRCX","GOOGL","AMD","NFLX","IREN","TSM","OPEN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_F000110","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cleo Fields disclosed 56 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 7 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY META $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Cleo Fields has filed 56 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 7 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY META $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-03 · BUY MU $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-03 · BUY GOOGL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-03 · BUY GOOG $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-01-20.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":56,"veryHighCount":7,"lowerBoundSum":7650056,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"META","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","date":"2026-01-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","date":"2025-12-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","date":"2025-11-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_F000110","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cleo Fields executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL IREN (17d apart)","explanation":"Cleo Fields has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL IREN 2025-12-09 → 2025-12-26 (17d) · SELL→BUY IREN 2025-12-26 → 2026-01-20 (25d) · BUY→SELL BMNR 2025-07-16 → 2025-07-28 (12d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"IREN","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-12-09","date2":"2025-12-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"IREN","days":25,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-12-26","date2":"2026-01-20","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"BMNR","days":12,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-07-16","date2":"2025-07-28","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_F000110","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cleo Fields triggers 78 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulates 78 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":78,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_F000110_2025-08-01","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cleo Fields — 13 trades on 2025-08-01","explanation":"Cleo Fields disclosed 13 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-08-01). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-08-01","count":13}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_F000110","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cleo Fields — 96% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (179/186)","explanation":"Cleo Fields's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 96% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":186,"atBracket":179,"pct":"96.2"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_F000110","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cleo Fields — 32 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Cleo Fields has traded 32 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":32,"sample":["GOOG","MSFT","AAPL","META","MU","LRCX","GOOGL","AMD","NFLX","IREN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_F000110_NVDA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cleo Fields — 32 disclosed trades in single ticker NVDA","explanation":"Cleo Fields traded NVDA on 32 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NVDA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NVDA","count":32}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_F000110","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cleo Fields — DW-NOMINATE -0.46 vs LA delegation mean 0.18 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Cleo Fields's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.46) is 1.8 standard deviations from the LA delegation mean (0.18). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"LA","memberScore":-0.456,"delegationMean":0.17868571428571423,"zscore":"1.79"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P197_F000110","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cleo Fields — 4 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Cleo Fields has traded 4 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":4,"tickers":["UBER","ARM","PLTR","HOOD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P1_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 28 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]},{"id":"P5_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more P5 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 26 P5 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 1 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P5","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":1,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]},{"id":"P37_F000110_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+55 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Cleo Fields accumulated 80 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 55 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 55 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":55,"totalRaw":80,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":55,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000110"]}],"S000250":[{"id":"P1_S000250_r489xo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 1d BEFORE HR 3520 — \"STAND Against Emerging Opioids Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 3520 \"STAND Against Emerging Opioids Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-06-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3520","title":"STAND Against Emerging Opioids Act","introducedDate":"2025-06-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203520"]},{"id":"P1_S000250_ezutem","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL DHR 1d BEFORE S 1903 — \"A bill to prohibit changes to Medicare and Medicai…\"","explanation":"Member traded DHR (Healthcare) within 1 days of S 1903 \"A bill to prohibit changes to Medicare and Medicaid in reconciliation.\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2025-06-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1903","title":"A bill to prohibit changes to Medicare and Medicaid in reconciliation.","introducedDate":"2025-06-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201903"]},{"id":"P1_S000250_5mu6tt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 1d after HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-05-21","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P2_S000250_4nsn9z","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PNC PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Sessions serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $10,000 from PNC PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PNC PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://sessions.house.gov/about","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pete-sessions/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Sessions"]},{"id":"P2_S000250_vtmyoe","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Sessions serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $10,000 from CULAC PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://sessions.house.gov/about","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pete-sessions/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Sessions"]},{"id":"P2_S000250_m3scpj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Sessions serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://sessions.house.gov/about","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pete-sessions/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Sessions"]},{"id":"P2_S000250_ich3yk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HILLTOP HOLDINGS INC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Sessions serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from HILLTOP HOLDINGS INC PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HILLTOP HOLDINGS INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://sessions.house.gov/about","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pete-sessions/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Sessions"]},{"id":"P2_S000250_r0r5ft","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Sessions serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://sessions.house.gov/about","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pete-sessions/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Sessions"]},{"id":"P2_S000250_in0at4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $4,800 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Sessions serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,800 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":4799.7,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://sessions.house.gov/about","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pete-sessions/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Sessions"]},{"id":"P3_S000250_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 4 Defense bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 2 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":3,"sells":2,"netBuy":1,"total":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_S000250_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 17 BUYS vs 9 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":17,"sells":9,"netBuy":8,"total":26}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_S000250_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare trades filed 179d late on avg — overall avg only 104d","explanation":"In Healthcare (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 179.4 days — versus 104.1 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":18,"avgGap":179},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":242,"avgGap":104},{"source":"pac","sector":"Healthcare","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_S000250_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 196d late on avg — overall avg only 104d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 196.3 days — versus 104.1 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":26,"avgGap":196},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":242,"avgGap":104},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_S000250_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Agriculture trades filed 135d late on avg — overall avg only 104d","explanation":"In Agriculture (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 135.2 days — versus 104.1 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Agriculture","count":9,"avgGap":135},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":242,"avgGap":104},{"source":"pac","sector":"Agriculture","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_S000250_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,200,672 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,200,672 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1200672,"oppose":0,"events":27},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":4799.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P7_S000250_sxtpxs","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $9,654,232 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $9,654,232 opposing this member across 248 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":9654232.100000005,"totalSupport":1740553.05,"events":248,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2584191.8200000008},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1899128.75},{"name":"PATIENTS FOR AFFORDABLE DRUGS ACTION","oppose":1694686.0599999996},{"name":"Independence USA PAC","oppose":1453520.03},{"name":"HUMANE SOCIETY LEGISLATIVE FUND","oppose":742630.24}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S000250_ifl0ur","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$122,625 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $122,625 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":122625.43999999999,"oppose":0,"net":122625.43999999999,"events":28,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":120646.16999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003165","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","support":1155.69,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":704.16,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":119.42,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","O "]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S000250_fq3v97","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,680,732 / spent $4,627,872","explanation":"This member sponsors 10 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00363770","cmteName":"PEOPLE FOR ENTERPRISE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (PETE PAC)","year":"2010","totalReceipts":990663.7,"totalDisbursements":976341.9,"cashOnHand":23514.52},{"cmteId":"C00363689","cmteName":"TALLATCHEE CREEK INC. PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":410985,"totalDisbursements":405142.6,"cashOnHand":20730.67},{"cmteId":"C00363770","cmteName":"PEOPLE FOR ENTERPRISE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (PETE PAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":984953.8,"totalDisbursements":963874.4,"cashOnHand":44593.93},{"cmteId":"C00363689","cmteName":"TALLATCHEE CREEK INC. PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":227250,"totalDisbursements":229041.2,"cashOnHand":18939.5},{"cmteId":"C00363770","cmteName":"PEOPLE FOR ENTERPRISE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (PETE PAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":559315.3,"totalDisbursements":578525.2,"cashOnHand":25384}],"totalRaised":4680732,"totalSpent":4627871.999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S000250_jzcgx6","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"83% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $516,200 in itemized individual contributions, $428,250 (83%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":516200,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":4290,"$500-$999":16150,"$1000-$1999":67510,"$2000 and over":428250},"megaShare":83,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000250_QCOM_2018-12-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-10 and 2018-12-11, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2018-12-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000554","name":"Frank A. LoBiondo"},{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"}],"span":"2018-12-10 to 2018-12-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000250_CVS_2018-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-04-03 and 2018-04-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2018-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"}],"span":"2018-04-03 to 2018-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000250_REZI_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold REZI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 3 members took the same direction on REZI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REZI","date":"2018-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$639.67"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"REZI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000250_VSM_2016-10-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought VSM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-10-03 and 2016-10-07, 3 members took the same direction on VSM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSM","date":"2016-10-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VSM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2016-10-03 to 2016-10-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000250_GSK_2017-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GSK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-24 and 2017-10-27, 3 members took the same direction on GSK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GSK","date":"2017-10-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GSK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"},{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"}],"span":"2017-10-24 to 2017-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000250_GSK_2017-10-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GSK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-25 and 2017-10-27, 3 members took the same direction on GSK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GSK","date":"2017-10-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GSK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"}],"span":"2017-10-25 to 2017-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000250_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Sessions executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-06-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2022-01-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Notification of HHS Documents Identified for Rescission","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-05-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; CY 2022 Home Health Prospective Payment System Rate Update; Home Health Value-Based Purc","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-12-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000250_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"36 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Sessions executed 36 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-12-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-11-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-09-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-09-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico; Reopening of th","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-11-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Validated End User Authorization: Data Center Validated End User Authorization","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2024-10-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000250_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Sessions executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2023-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulated Area; San Francisco Bay Navy Fleet Week Parade of Ships and Blue Angels Demonstration, San Francisco, CA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2023-10-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000250_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Sessions executed 6 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2023-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2022-01-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DTE","date":"2022-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2022-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Marketing Order Regulations for Almonds Grown in California","agency":"Agriculture Department, Agricultural Marketing Service","date":"2023-10-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Importation of Sheep, Goats, and Certain Other Ruminants; Correction","agency":"Agriculture Department, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","date":"2022-01-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000250_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Sessions executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2023-08-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DFS","date":"2023-06-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2021-09-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Recapture of Certain Excess Employment Tax Credits Under COVID-19 Legislation","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2023-07-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Global Magnitsky Sanctions Regulations Web General License 7","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-05-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S000250_5bp7ze","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Sessions campaign paid $29,863,702 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: HARGROVE, INC.","explanation":"Pete Sessions's campaign paid 104 disbursements totaling $29,863,702 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARGROVE, INC.","total":26086982.949999996,"count":65,"samples":[{"payee":"HARGROVE, INC.","amount":2238813.62,"date":"2012-09-20","description":"STAGE CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HARGROVE, INC.","amount":2234553.58,"date":"2016-06-10","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARGROVE, INC.","amount":1806173.26,"date":"2012-08-27","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARGROVE, LLC","total":1770163.3599999999,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"HARGROVE, LLC","amount":439907.29,"date":"2020-04-17","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARGROVE, LLC","amount":324511.54,"date":"2020-08-25","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARGROVE, LLC","amount":210311.59,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARGROVE, INC","total":1647638.1800000002,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"HARGROVE, INC","amount":692955.5,"date":"2012-11-02","description":"STAGING, SOUND, LIGHTING","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HARGROVE, INC","amount":102112.6,"date":"2008-09-09","description":"EVENTS-MEETINGS VENUE RENTAL FEE","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HARGROVE, INC","amount":89746.3,"date":"2016-01-20","description":"SITE AND EQUIPMENT  RENTAL","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARGROVE INC.","total":120919.32,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HARGROVE INC.","amount":67131.32,"date":"2007-10-12","description":"DECOR & PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HARGROVE INC.","amount":53788,"date":"2008-05-14","description":"JFC EVENT PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARGROVE, LLC.","total":78584.26,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HARGROVE, LLC.","amount":78584.26,"date":"2018-04-25","description":"SITE AND EQUIPMENT  RENTAL","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARGROVE INC","total":51163.13,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HARGROVE INC","amount":51163.13,"date":"2019-07-11","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"hargrove","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HARGROVE"]},{"id":"P20_S000250_1jro","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Pete Sessions sits on committees overseeing Finance, Real Estate and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2023-08-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":21811577.12,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_S000250_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare BUYs filed 179d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Healthcare (10 buys vs 8 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":18,"avgGap":179,"buys":10,"sells":8},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":242,"avgGap":104}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_S000250_Defense","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Defense BUYs filed 159d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Defense (3 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":5,"avgGap":159,"buys":3,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":242,"avgGap":104}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_S000250_Finance","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance BUYs filed 196d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Finance (17 buys vs 9 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":26,"avgGap":196,"buys":17,"sells":9},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":242,"avgGap":104}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_S000250_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 117d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (9 buys vs 6 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":15,"avgGap":117,"buys":9,"sells":6},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":242,"avgGap":104}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_S000250_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Agriculture BUYs filed 135d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Agriculture (6 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Agriculture","count":9,"avgGap":135,"buys":6,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":242,"avgGap":104}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S000250","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 5.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 381 disclosed trades, 143 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 5.8× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":143,"total":381,"rate":37.5},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":5.83}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_S000250_ucl9ta","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"PATIENTS FOR AFFORDABLE DRUGS ACTION both supported ($39,872) and opposed ($1,694,686) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Pete Sessions advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00680926","name":"PATIENTS FOR AFFORDABLE DRUGS ACTION","support":39871.98,"oppose":1694686.0599999996,"events":29}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680926/"]},{"id":"P35_S000250_tz9udj","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GRIT PAC both supported ($127,450) and opposed ($102,913) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Pete Sessions advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00717421","name":"GRIT PAC","support":127450,"oppose":102913,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00717421/"]},{"id":"P36_S000250","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 distinct pattern types firing; 2 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Healthcare + 1 more)","explanation":"Pete Sessions has findings in 16 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 2 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":16,"totalFindings":40,"highSeverityCount":21,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_S000250_NVDA_20240521","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2024-Q2 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Sessions executed a sell in NVDA during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-21","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S000250_LMT_20231031","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT in 2023-Q4 while LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Sessions executed a sell in LMT during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, LOCKHEED MARTIN). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-31","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S000250_JPM_20210910","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2021-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Sessions executed a sell in JPM during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-10","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S000250_AAPL_20210910","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q3 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Sessions executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-10","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S000250_JNJ_20170810","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2017-Q3 while JOHNSON MATTHEY INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Sessions executed a sell in JNJ during 2017-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON MATTHEY INC., JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-08-10","quarter":"2017-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q3","matchedClients":["JOHNSON MATTHEY INC.","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.","S.C. JOHNSON & SON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S000250_LMT_20170512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LMT in 2017-Q2 while LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Sessions executed a buy in LMT during 2017-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, LOCKHEED MARTIN). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-12","quarter":"2017-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q2","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN","LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S000250_BA_20170104","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of BA in 2017-Q1 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Sessions executed a buy in BA during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, THE BOEING COMPANY (F.N.A. AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-04","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","THE BOEING COMPANY (F.N.A. AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.)","BOEING COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_S000250_MSFT_20230920","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)","filingDate":"2023-09-19","adsh":"0001062993-23-018291","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000250_VZ_20231031","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $VZ 1 day after a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2023-10-30","adsh":"0001062993-23-019794","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000250_LULU_20230615","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LULU 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $LULU 2 days after a corporate insider (FRANK MEGHAN  (CIK 0001833934)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LULU","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LULU","filer":"FRANK MEGHAN  (CIK 0001833934)","filingDate":"2023-06-13","adsh":"0001062993-23-013465","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000250_CRM_20230721","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $CRM 3 days after a corporate insider (Niederst Lori A  (CIK 0001691371)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Niederst Lori A  (CIK 0001691371)","filingDate":"2023-07-18","adsh":"0001127602-23-020925","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000250_NVDA_20220322","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $NVDA 4 days after a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2022-03-18","adsh":"0001045810-22-000045","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000250_MSFT_20241218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $MSFT 5 days after a corporate insider (MacGregor Catherine  (CIK 0001415757)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"MacGregor Catherine  (CIK 0001415757)","filingDate":"2024-12-13","adsh":"0001062993-24-020620","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000250_MSFT_20210908","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $MSFT 5 days after a corporate insider (Hoffman Reid  (CIK 0001519339)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hoffman Reid  (CIK 0001519339)","filingDate":"2021-09-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-008262","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000250_CCI_20210504","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CCI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $CCI 5 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCI","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2021-04-29","adsh":"0001567619-21-008761","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_AMT_20231228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $AMT 1 day before a corporate insider (EPQ LLC AMT PS  (CIK 0001751796)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"EPQ LLC AMT PS  (CIK 0001751796)","filingDate":"2023-12-29","adsh":"0001667731-23-000513"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_MSFT_20231101","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Nadella Satya  (CIK 0001513142)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Nadella Satya  (CIK 0001513142)","filingDate":"2023-11-02","adsh":"0001062993-23-020063"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_CCI_20231228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CCI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $CCI 1 day before a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCI","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2023-12-29","adsh":"0001539497-23-002257"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_AAPL_20240229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (JUNG ANDREA  (CIK 0001051401)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$360.00","tradeDate":"2024-02-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"JUNG ANDREA  (CIK 0001051401)","filingDate":"2024-03-01","adsh":"0000320193-24-000035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_KR_20210713","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $KR 2 days before a corporate insider (Tuffin Mark C  (CIK 0001595371)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Tuffin Mark C  (CIK 0001595371)","filingDate":"2021-07-15","adsh":"0001209191-21-046753"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_CMG_20231031","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $CMG 2 days before a corporate insider (Baldocchi Albert S  (CIK 0001351044)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMG","filer":"Baldocchi Albert S  (CIK 0001351044)","filingDate":"2023-11-02","adsh":"0001127602-23-026604"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_LOW_20210426","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $LOW 3 days before a corporate insider (Pappas John  (CIK 0001525965)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"Pappas John  (CIK 0001525965)","filingDate":"2021-04-29","adsh":"0000947871-21-000469"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_MCD_20231031","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MCD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $MCD 3 days before a corporate insider (CAPOZZI HEIDI B  (CIK 0001661608)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001","tradeDate":"2023-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"CAPOZZI HEIDI B  (CIK 0001661608)","filingDate":"2023-11-03","adsh":"0000063908-23-000103"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_SNOW_20231031","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SNOW 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $SNOW 3 days before a corporate insider (Snow Frederick Philip  (CIK 0001611324)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNOW","filer":"Snow Frederick Philip  (CIK 0001611324)","filingDate":"2023-11-03","adsh":"0001013237-23-000156"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_CRM_20210419","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $CRM 4 days before a corporate insider (Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)","filingDate":"2021-04-23","adsh":"0001127602-21-014367"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_MSFT_20220415","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2022-04-19","adsh":"0001062993-22-010460"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_NVDA_20230623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $NVDA 4 days before a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$424.53","tradeDate":"2023-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2023-06-27","adsh":"0001045810-23-000148"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_VZ_20260309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $VZ 4 days before a corporate insider (Villanueva Rodriguez Alfonso  (CIK 0002111103)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Villanueva Rodriguez Alfonso  (CIK 0002111103)","filingDate":"2026-03-13","adsh":"0002111103-26-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_D_20220131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $D 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $D 4 days before a corporate insider (Page Lawrence  (CIK 0001295231)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Page Lawrence  (CIK 0001295231)","filingDate":"2022-02-04","adsh":"0001209191-22-007337"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_CRM_20230721","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CRM 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $CRM 5 days before a corporate insider (Hyder Brent  (CIK 0001704187)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Hyder Brent  (CIK 0001704187)","filingDate":"2023-07-26","adsh":"0001127602-23-021342"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_LOW_20231102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LOW 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $LOW 7 days before a corporate insider (MOORE H LYNN JR  (CIK 0001250902)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"MOORE H LYNN JR  (CIK 0001250902)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0001240085-23-000049"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_KO_20210419","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $KO 7 days before a corporate insider (Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)","filingDate":"2021-04-26","adsh":"0001209191-21-028444"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_MSFT_20220223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $MSFT 7 days before a corporate insider (Capossela Christopher C  (CIK 0001601944)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Capossela Christopher C  (CIK 0001601944)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001062993-22-006428"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_KR_20211108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KR 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $KR 8 days before a corporate insider (SANDELL SCOTT D  (CIK 0001237289)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"SANDELL SCOTT D  (CIK 0001237289)","filingDate":"2021-11-16","adsh":"0001209191-21-064767"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_ET_20231031","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ET 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $ET 8 days before a corporate insider (WARREN KELCY L  (CIK 0001276191)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"WARREN KELCY L  (CIK 0001276191)","filingDate":"2023-11-08","adsh":"0001209191-23-054685"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_LOW_20210209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $LOW 9 days before a corporate insider (Velleca Mark A.  (CIK 0001706847)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"Velleca Mark A.  (CIK 0001706847)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001562180-21-001280"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_MSFT_20240909","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $MSFT 9 days before a corporate insider (Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)","filingDate":"2024-09-18","adsh":"0001062993-24-016761"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_NVDA_20240521","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $NVDA 9 days before a corporate insider (MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)","filingDate":"2024-05-30","adsh":"0001045810-24-000130"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_BUI_20231031","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BUI 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions sell $BUI 9 days before a corporate insider (Bui Lynne A.  (CIK 0001903698)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BUI","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BUI","filer":"Bui Lynne A.  (CIK 0001903698)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0001493152-23-040175"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000250_NVDA_20230912","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Sessions buy $NVDA 10 days before a corporate insider (Robertson Donald F Jr  (CIK 0001526111)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Robertson Donald F Jr  (CIK 0001526111)","filingDate":"2023-09-22","adsh":"0001045810-23-000211"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P46_S000250_111_HRES_202","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COST 5 days before sponsoring HRES 202 (Staples)","explanation":"Pete Sessions sponsored HRES 202 on 2024-02-05 — a Staples-sector bill — and buy $COST 5 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HRES_202","type":"HRES","number":"202","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Commissioner of Food and Drugs should evaluate the scientific evidence on the question of whether to add more folic acid to enriched grain products and expand folic acid fortification into cornmeal and corn-based food products to help prevent further serious birth defects.","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","sector":"Staples","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/202"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/202","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P47_S000250_Investment_Company_Institute_118488","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Investment Company Institute testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Pete Sessions sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-15 held a hearing titled \"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead\". The witness Mr. Tom Quaadman (Investment Company Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118488","title":"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead","date":"2025-07-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Quaadman","witnessOrg":"Investment Company Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488"},{"source":"donor","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INVESTMENT%20COMPANY%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INVESTMENT%20COMPANY%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P48_S000250_117742","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 13 days after a Technology hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Pete Sessions sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-12-04 held a hearing titled \"Innovation Revolution: How Technology is Shaping the Future of Finance\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 13 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117742","title":"Innovation Revolution: How Technology is Shaping the Future of Finance","date":"2024-12-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117742"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117742","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S000250_116915","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $V 7 days before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Pete Sessions sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-03-06 held a hearing titled \"The Federal Reserve’s Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $V (a Finance-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"116915","title":"The Federal Reserve’s Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report","date":"2024-03-06T15:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116915"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116915","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_S000250","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$123K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 98% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Pete Sessions received $122,625.44 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($120,646.17 = 98%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":122625.43999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":448.27,"2014":33273.58999999999,"2016":21505.559999999998,"2018":49029.7,"2020":15351.099999999999,"2022":3032.52},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":120646.16999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003165","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","support":1155.69,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003165/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":704.16,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":119.42,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","O "],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S000250","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $91,800","explanation":"Pete Sessions received campaign contributions totaling $91,800 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($9,600); DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC. ($9,000); POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS ($6,600); RECALL RICK SNYDER PAC ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":91800,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, INC.","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":9600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES PAC","ldaClient":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","ldaClient":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","donorTotal":6600,"exact":true},{"donorName":"SNYDER, RICK DR.","ldaClient":"RECALL RICK SNYDER PAC","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_S000250_2023-10-31","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"20 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-10-31 — 18 unique tickers","explanation":"Pete Sessions executed 20 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-10-31 to 2023-11-03), spanning 18 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-10-31","windowEnd":"2023-11-03","tradeCount":20,"uniqueTickers":18,"totalDisclosedTrades":381,"sampleTickers":["CMG","MCD","BUI","VZ","T","LMT","ET","PG","CCI","SNOW"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S000250","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 26 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 88 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Pete Sessions appears in 26 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 88 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 26 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (25); insider followed trade (8); lobbying timeline trade (7); committee pac conflict (6); coordinated trade cluster (6).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":26,"totalFindings":88,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":25},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":6},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":5},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":2},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":2}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S000250","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S000250","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Sessions's campaign paid $42,251 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: SESSIONS & ASSOCIATES PLLC ($22,557)","explanation":"Pete Sessions's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $42,251 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SESSIONS & ASSOCIATES PLLC ($22,557 across 2 payments, services: RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":42250.95,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SESSIONS & ASSOCIATES PLLC","total":22557.45,"count":2,"descriptions":["RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"SESSIONS LAW FIRM - KANSAS CITY","total":9590,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES."]},{"payee":"SESSIONS LAW FIRM","total":5103.5,"count":1,"descriptions":["PERSONAL FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE"]},{"payee":"SESSIONS, JEFF","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"sessions"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2TX03126&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_S000250","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Sessions ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $28.6M across 36 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Pete Sessions's FEC-bulk record shows $28.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 36 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $64.3M (PAC: $28.6M, individual: $32.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":28.61,"lifetimeReceiptsM":64.33,"lifetimeIndividualM":32.82,"cycleCount":36,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2TX03126"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX03126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_S000250","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Sessions ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $64M across 36 cycles","explanation":"Pete Sessions's FEC-bulk record shows $64.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 36 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":64.33,"cycleCount":36,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H2TX03126"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX03126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_S000250","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Sessions draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($28.6M PAC / $64.3M total)","explanation":"Pete Sessions's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($28.6M of $64.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":28.61,"lifetimeReceiptsM":64.33,"pacSharePct":44.5,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H2TX03126"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX03126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_S000250","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Sessions disclosed 7 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL BUI $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Pete Sessions has filed 7 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL BUI $250,001 - $500,000 on 2023-10-31 · SELL LMT $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-10-31 · SELL PG $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-10-31 · SELL JPM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-09-10.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":7,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":850007,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"BUI","action":"SELL","date":"2023-10-31","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","date":"2023-10-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","date":"2023-10-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","date":"2021-09-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","date":"2021-09-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NLY","action":"SELL","date":"2017-05-01","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S000250","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Sessions executed 5 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY MSFT (4d apart)","explanation":"Pete Sessions has 5 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY MSFT 2017-11-27 → 2017-12-01 (4d) · SELL→BUY BNS 2022-01-18 → 2022-02-04 (17d) · BUY→SELL ARCC 2023-10-06 → 2023-11-01 (26d) · BUY→SELL WYNN 2018-01-26 → 2018-02-08 (13d) · BUY→SELL MIK 2017-06-06 → 2017-06-12 (6d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":5,"samples":[{"ticker":"MSFT","days":4,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-11-27","date2":"2017-12-01","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BNS","days":17,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-01-18","date2":"2022-02-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ARCC","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-10-06","date2":"2023-11-01","amount1":"$569.25","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WYNN","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-01-26","date2":"2018-02-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MIK","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-06-06","date2":"2017-06-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S000250","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Sessions triggers 33 HIGH-severity findings across 33 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Pete Sessions accumulates 33 HIGH-severity findings across 33 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":33,"distinctDetectorTypes":33}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S000250","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Sessions triggers 34 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Pete Sessions accumulates findings across 34 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 34 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":34,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P2","P3","P4","P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P17","P18","P19","P20","P21","P32","P35","P36","P37","P42","P43","P46","P47","P48","P58","P61","P65","P78","P90","P136","P137"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_S000250","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Sessions operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($4.7M combined receipts)","explanation":"Pete Sessions operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $4.7M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: PEOPLE FOR ENTERPRISE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (PETE PAC) (C00363770) · TALLATCHEE CREEK INC. PAC (C00363689).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.68,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00363770","cmteName":"PEOPLE FOR ENTERPRISE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (PETE PAC)"},{"cmteId":"C00363689","cmteName":"TALLATCHEE CREEK INC. PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00363770/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00363689/"]},{"id":"P158_S000250","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Sessions ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,633 cosponsored, 455 sponsored","explanation":"Pete Sessions's congress.gov record shows 4,633 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4633,"sponsoredCount":455,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/pete-sessions/S000250","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P178_S000250_2022-01-18","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Sessions — 14 trades on 2022-01-18","explanation":"Pete Sessions disclosed 14 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2022-01-18). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2022-01-18","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_S000250","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Sessions — 95% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (362/381)","explanation":"Pete Sessions's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 95% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":381,"atBracket":362,"pct":"95.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S000250","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Sessions — 158 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Pete Sessions has traded 158 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":158,"sample":["VZ","JNJ","DHR","MSFT","NVDA","MO","NVST","AAPL","V","COST"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_S000250_MSFT","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Sessions — 18 disclosed trades in single ticker MSFT","explanation":"Pete Sessions traded MSFT on 18 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the MSFT trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"MSFT","count":18}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001234":[{"id":"P1_M001234_8aus33","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TMO 0d BEFORE HR 10043 — \"To provide for an extension of the legislative aut…\"","explanation":"Member traded TMO (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 10043 \"To provide for an extension of the legislative authority of the National Emergen\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-08-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 10043","title":"To provide for an extension of the legislative authority of the National Emergency Medical Services Memorial Foundation ","introducedDate":"2025-08-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2010043"]},{"id":"P1_M001234_3xa80k","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ZBRA 1d BEFORE S 1835 — \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded ZBRA (Technology) within 1 days of S 1835 \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZBRA","date":"2025-06-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1835","title":"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-05","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201835"]},{"id":"P1_M001234_ydrc3u","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY META 0d BEFORE S 438 — \"Cyber PIVOTT Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 0 days of S 438 \"Cyber PIVOTT Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-04-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 438","title":"Cyber PIVOTT Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-11","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20438"]},{"id":"P1_M001234_9pa59u","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AVGO 0d BEFORE S 438 — \"Cyber PIVOTT Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AVGO (Technology) within 0 days of S 438 \"Cyber PIVOTT Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-04-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 438","title":"Cyber PIVOTT Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-11","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20438"]},{"id":"P1_M001234_9caiou","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY META 2d BEFORE S 792 — \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 2 days of S 792 \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 792","title":"Government Spectrum Valuation Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20792"]},{"id":"P15_M001234_76r6ve","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,865 donation spike on 2024-08-12 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-12 this committee recorded $53,865 across 24 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,893.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00856062","date":"2024-08-12","amount":53865,"count":24,"baseline":6893,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856062/"]},{"id":"P17_M001234_AVGO_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001234_ACN_2025-08-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-08-19 and 2025-08-26, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-08-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"}],"span":"2025-08-19 to 2025-08-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001234_DEO_2025-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-18 and 2025-03-24, 4 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001325","name":"Sheri Biggs"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"W000830","name":"George Whitesides"}],"span":"2025-03-18 to 2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001234_DEO_2025-03-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-19 and 2025-03-24, 3 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"W000830","name":"George Whitesides"}],"span":"2025-03-19 to 2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001234_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Morrison executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-08-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-03-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulatory Hearing Before the Food and Drug Administration","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-07-28"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act; Implementation","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-02-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001234_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Morrison executed 9 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZBRA","date":"2025-06-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZBRA","date":"2025-06-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-04-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-04-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services Price, Utah","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services Price, Utah","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-05-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001234_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Morrison executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-06-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001234_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Morrison executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CACI","date":"2025-03-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001234_ejml63","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Morrison campaign paid $27,848,817 to 35 surname-matched vendors, top: MOORE A SERIES LLC","explanation":"Kelly Morrison's campaign paid 144 disbursements totaling $27,848,817 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","total":16146400.339999998,"count":51,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":736620.47,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":731094.23,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":703490.83,"date":"2025-02-19","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":798012,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":472007,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":448608.56,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE LLC","total":1540844.4599999997,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":469273.19,"date":"2024-07-25","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":284206.49,"date":"2024-06-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":273971.69,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","total":1381289.02,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":259856,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"LITERATURE AND VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":215283,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) LITERATURE: PROMOTE KAINE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":199025,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) MAIL: OPPOSE GADE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":229937.77,"date":"2024-09-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":184197.86,"date":"2024-09-03","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":172003.1,"date":"2024-11-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","total":868139.77,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":201739.6,"date":"2024-06-18","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":177402.62,"date":"2024-11-20","description":"MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":165098.72,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MOORE%20A%20SERIES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P42_M001234_DHI_20250320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $DHI 1 day after a corporate insider (Murray Michael J  (CIK 0001621270)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHI","filer":"Murray Michael J  (CIK 0001621270)","filingDate":"2025-03-19","adsh":"0001062993-25-005887","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001234_UPS_20250604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UPS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $UPS 1 day after a corporate insider (MORIKIS JOHN G  (CIK 0001203523)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"MORIKIS JOHN G  (CIK 0001203523)","filingDate":"2025-06-03","adsh":"0001225208-25-005675","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001234_HLI_20250604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HLI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $HLI 1 day after a corporate insider (CRAIN CHRISTOPHER M  (CIK 0001649160)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLI","filer":"CRAIN CHRISTOPHER M  (CIK 0001649160)","filingDate":"2025-06-03","adsh":"0001302215-25-000068","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001234_META_20250324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $META 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison buy $META 4 days after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-03-20","adsh":"0000950103-25-003699","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001234_AJG_20260308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AJG 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $AJG 5 days after a corporate insider (Pietrucha Susan E  (CIK 0001386997)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AJG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AJG","filer":"Pietrucha Susan E  (CIK 0001386997)","filingDate":"2026-03-03","adsh":"0000354190-26-000032","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001234_RMD_20250604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RMD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $RMD 2 days before a corporate insider (FARRELL PETER C  (CIK 0001186102)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RMD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RMD","filer":"FARRELL PETER C  (CIK 0001186102)","filingDate":"2025-06-06","adsh":"0000943819-25-000013"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001234_TMO_20250819","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TMO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $TMO 2 days before a corporate insider (CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)","filingDate":"2025-08-21","adsh":"0000097745-25-000105"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001234_DHI_20250320","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHI 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $DHI 4 days before a corporate insider (Odom Aron M.  (CIK 0001793767)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHI","filer":"Odom Aron M.  (CIK 0001793767)","filingDate":"2025-03-24","adsh":"0001062993-25-006140"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001234_AVGO_20250411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison buy $AVGO 4 days before a corporate insider (Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)","filingDate":"2025-04-15","adsh":"0001730168-25-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001234_HLI_20250604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HLI 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $HLI 9 days before a corporate insider (Zucker Gillian Beth  (CIK 0001794578)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLI","filer":"Zucker Gillian Beth  (CIK 0001794578)","filingDate":"2025-06-13","adsh":"0001302215-25-000070"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001234_RMD_20250428","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RMD 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison sell $RMD 10 days before a corporate insider (FARRELL PETER C  (CIK 0001186102)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RMD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RMD","filer":"FARRELL PETER C  (CIK 0001186102)","filingDate":"2025-05-08","adsh":"0001127602-25-013743"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001234_META_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Morrison buy $META 10 days before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0000950103-25-004375"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P45_M001234","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"16% of stock trades (6 of 38) in major federal contractors — top: META ($8B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Kelly Morrison concentrated 16% of their stock-trading activity (6 of 38 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $72B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"META","totalContracts":8290566275.999999,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"UPS","totalContracts":63305478307.75998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":6,"totalStockTrades":38,"concentrationPct":16,"distinctContractors":2,"topExposure":71596044583.75998}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001234_2025-09-03_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TMO 15 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Kelly Morrison delivered a 211-word floor speech on 2025-09-03 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, today, I rise in recognition of the brave hos- pital workers who responded to the An- nunciation school shooting last week. Whenever a mass shooting happens, the ripple effects of the tra…\"). The member sell $TMO (a Healthcare-sector stock) 15 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-09-03","chamber":"House","wordCount":211,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, today, I rise in recognition of the brave hos- pital workers who responded to the An- nunciation school shooting last week. Whenever a mass shooting happens, the ripple effects of the tra","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/09/03/171/144/CREC-2025-09-03-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/09/03/171/144/CREC-2025-09-03-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_M001234","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Kelly Morrison received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS ($10,000); NORTH STAR SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL  ($5,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ASA PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","ldaClient":"NORTH STAR SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_M001234","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kelly Morrison appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (7); trade near vote (5); insider followed trade (5); coordinated trade cluster (4); reg rule trade proximity (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":5},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001234","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001234","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Morrison's campaign paid $260,719 to 12 surname-matched vendors — top: MORRISON, LACEY ($87,053)","explanation":"Kelly Morrison's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $260,719 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MORRISON, LACEY ($87,053 across 10 payments, services: STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES & TRAVEL · GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING · POLITICAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":260719.27000000002,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":12,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MORRISON, LACEY","total":87052.74999999999,"count":10,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES & TRAVEL","GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","POLITICAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"JULIE MORRISON FOR STATE SENATE","total":49432,"count":2,"descriptions":["2016 VOLUNTARY/NON-FEDERAL/GENERAL","2016 VOLUNTARY/NON-FEDERAL/PRIMARY"]},{"payee":"MORRISON & MORRISON, LTD","total":34752.43,"count":5,"descriptions":["ACCOUNTING SERVICE","ACCOUNTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"CORTANI MORRISON","total":19190.71,"count":2,"descriptions":["MEDIA COSTS"]},{"payee":"MORRISON & CO., P.A.","total":18005.64,"count":2,"descriptions":["ACCOUNTING SERVICES"]}],"surname":"morrison"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MN03118&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P141_M001234","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kelly Morrison executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL TGT (18d apart)","explanation":"Kelly Morrison has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL TGT 2025-03-03 → 2025-03-21 (18d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"TGT","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-03","date2":"2025-03-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_M001234","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kelly Morrison — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (38/38)","explanation":"Kelly Morrison's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":38,"atBracket":38,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M000355":[{"id":"P1_M000355_e8kdjd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LAZR 3d after HR 1495 — \"Digital Economy Cybersecurity Advisory Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded LAZR (Technology) within 3 days of HR 1495 \"Digital Economy Cybersecurity Advisory Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LAZR","date":"2025-06-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1495","title":"Digital Economy Cybersecurity Advisory Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-23","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201495"]},{"id":"P6_M000355_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,887,550 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,887,550 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1887550,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P7_M000355_qzrn5e","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $23,777,879 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $23,777,879 opposing this member across 7138 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":23777879.379999124,"totalSupport":2705746.8099999996,"events":7138,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DITCH FUND","oppose":9601838.549999984},{"name":"Senate Majority PAC","oppose":5593116.67},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":2177385},{"name":"Save America Fund","oppose":1900908.4599999997},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":529360.69}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M000355_r9szij","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,082 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $50,082 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":338239.18999999994,"oppose":288157.0200000001,"net":50082.16999999987,"events":96,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":286113.54999999993,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":252459.94,"types":["O","DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":51936.24,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":25916.73,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005285","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":7404,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M000355_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mitch McConnell executed 25 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2026-03-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-12-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":17,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-09-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-06-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Excise Tax on Repurchase of Corporate Stock; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2026-02-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M000355_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mitch McConnell executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LAZR","date":"2025-12-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LAZR","date":"2025-06-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Protecting Against National Security Threats to the Communications Supply Chain Through the Equipment Authorization Prog","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-11-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Partial Replacement of an Earlier National Registration or Registrations by an International Registration","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2025-06-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_M000355_1u8k","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 trades in WFC (Finance) — 87% of this member's 39 total trades","explanation":"Mitch McConnell has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"WFC","count":34,"buys":34,"sells":0,"sector":"Finance","firstDate":"2017-09-07","lastDate":"2026-03-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_M000355_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"50% of PAC dollars ($229,800) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Mitch McConnell receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":229800,"share":50.5,"totalPAC":455300,"pacCount":46},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":229800,"share":50.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":74500,"share":16.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":45000,"share":9.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":35500,"share":7.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_M000355_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with KY R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McCONNELL, Addison Mitchell (Mitch) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To eliminate funding for refugee and entrant assistance."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2026-01-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M000355","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Mitch McConnell has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M000355_WFC_20260301","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WFC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mitch McConnell buy $WFC 2 days after a corporate insider (Engle Bridget E.  (CIK 0001709119)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Engle Bridget E.  (CIK 0001709119)","filingDate":"2026-02-27","adsh":"0000072971-26-000140","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000355_WFC_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mitch McConnell buy $WFC 1 day before a corporate insider (Chancy Mark A  (CIK 0001300651)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Chancy Mark A  (CIK 0001300651)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001127602-25-007948"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000355_WFC_20220303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WFC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mitch McConnell buy $WFC 5 days before a corporate insider (Erikson Dana  (CIK 0001343866)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Erikson Dana  (CIK 0001343866)","filingDate":"2022-03-08","adsh":"0001655099-22-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P46_M000355_111_S_326","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WFC 4 days before sponsoring S 326 (Finance)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell sponsored S 326 on 2025-12-05 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $WFC 4 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_326","type":"S","number":"326","title":"Kids First Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/326"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/326","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M000355_111_S_3773","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WFC 18 days after sponsoring S 3773 (Finance)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell sponsored S 3773 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $WFC 18 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_S_3773","type":"S","number":"3773","title":"Tax Hike Prevention Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/3773"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/3773","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M000355_112_S_194","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WFC 4 days before sponsoring S 194 (Finance)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell sponsored S 194 on 2025-12-05 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $WFC 4 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_194","type":"S","number":"194","title":"A bill to reduce Federal spending and the deficit by terminating taxpayer financing of presidential election campaigns and party conventions.","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/194"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/194","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000355_KR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $KR — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell disclosed an asset position in $KR on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $KR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KR","assetName":"KR - Kroger Company (The) Common Stock Filer comment: Received as Director Compensation.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KR","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000355_LAZR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $LAZR — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell disclosed an asset position in $LAZR on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $LAZR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LAZR","assetName":"LAZR - Luminar Technologies Inc","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LAZR","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-24"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000355_VMC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $VMC — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell disclosed an asset position in $VMC on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VMC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VMC","assetName":"VMC - Vulcan Materials Company","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/66c4c741-97c8-405c-9440-7a5bb16f2765/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VMC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/66c4c741-97c8-405c-9440-7a5bb16f2765/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000355_WFC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"34 trades in $WFC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell disclosed an asset position in $WFC on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 34 reported trades in $WFC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WFC","assetName":"WFC - Wells Fargo & Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ffd0b08-89e5-42e1-a312-e125e19c31b7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WFC","tradeCount":34,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ffd0b08-89e5-42e1-a312-e125e19c31b7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000355_IR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IR — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell disclosed an asset position in $IR on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IR","assetName":"IR - Ingersoll-Rand Plc Filer comment: Received in 2016 upon vesting of 2015 RSUs","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ffd0b08-89e5-42e1-a312-e125e19c31b7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IR","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ffd0b08-89e5-42e1-a312-e125e19c31b7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_M000355","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$338K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 85% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Mitch McConnell received $338,239.19 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($286,113.55 = 85%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":338239.18999999994,"oppose":288157.0200000001,"byYear":{"2010":153,"2014":492117.3900000001,"2020":134125.82},"corpCount":9},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":286113.54999999993,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":252459.94,"types":["O","DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":51936.24,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":25916.73,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003645/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005285","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":7404,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005285/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_M000355","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $262,100","explanation":"Mitch McConnell received campaign contributions totaling $262,100 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO ($177,100); TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC. ($10,000); CONSUMER BANKERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); SCOTT ANDERSON ($10,000); ASSOCIATION OF KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN FRANCHISEES ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":262100,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MCCONNELL FOR MAJORITY LEADER COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO","donorTotal":177100,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA INC PAC AKA TOYOTA/LEXUS PAC","ldaClient":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSUMER BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, THE","ldaClient":"CONSUMER BANKERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ANDERSON, SCOTT","ldaClient":"SCOTT ANDERSON","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATION OF KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN FRANCHISEES PAC","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATION OF KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN FRANCHISEES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_M000355","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 65 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 65 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): MNNAX, SPY, VO, VB, VXUS, VOO, VMLUX, SDSCX, PEIIX, PGDPX, TBCIX, PRIUX, RPTIX, TSNIX, OTIIX, … (50 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":65,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["MNNAX","SPY","VO","VB","VXUS","VOO","VMLUX","SDSCX","PEIIX","PGDPX","TBCIX","PRIUX","RPTIX","TSNIX","OTIIX","VMFXX","VFIDX","VFSUX","BND","BNDX","VEU","VMSXX","VWIUX","VWLUX","JHIGX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_M000355_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Finance stock (WFC) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Finance stocks — WFC — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2015). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["WFC"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efad4e4a-a37c-4340-aed4-4ce31f812bc7/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efad4e4a-a37c-4340-aed4-4ce31f812bc7/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P72_M000355","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 reportable gifts disclosed totaling $3,624.74 — top: 2024 AEI Irving Kristol Award crystal sculpture. ($2,148.46)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's Senate annual financial disclosures report 3 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $3,624.74 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: 2024 AEI Irving Kristol Award crystal sculpture. ($2,148.46) from American Enterprise Institute Washington; Plaque from Minor League Baseball in recognition of leadersh ($826.28) from Minor League Baseball St. Petersburg, FL; Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service crystal trophy ($650.00) from Woodrow Wilson International Center for .","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":3,"totalValue":3624.74,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"},{"source":"gift","date":"11/12/2024","recipient":"Self","description":"2024 AEI Irving Kristol Award crystal sculpture.","value":"$2,148.46","giftSource":"American Enterprise Institute Washington, DC","year":2025},{"source":"gift","date":"09/06/2018","recipient":"Self","description":"Plaque from Minor League Baseball in recognition of leadership and public service","value":"$826.28","giftSource":"Minor League Baseball St. Petersburg, FL","year":2019},{"source":"gift","date":"05/10/2017","recipient":"Self","description":"Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service crystal trophy","value":"$650.00","giftSource":"Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Washington, DC","year":2018}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_M000355_2022","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 14 new ticker holdings in 2022 not present in prior PFD filings — including VMLUX, VWIUX, VWLUX, VXF, VOO, VXUS","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 14 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: VMLUX, VWIUX, VWLUX, VXF, VOO, VXUS, PEIIX, VFIDX, VFSUX, BND, BNDX, KR.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2022,"count":14,"newTickers":["VMLUX","VWIUX","VWLUX","VXF","VOO","VXUS","PEIIX","VFIDX","VFSUX","BND","BNDX","KR"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/339528ea-8a9e-4ba5-b993-09ea4887e2a5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/339528ea-8a9e-4ba5-b993-09ea4887e2a5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M000355","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 27 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mitch McConnell appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 27 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (5); sponsored bill trade (3); reg rule trade proximity (2); insider front ran trade (2); trade near vote (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":27,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M000355","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_M000355_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 23 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including VHCAX, VSIAX, VFIAX, SCPB, IWM, VO","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 23 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: VHCAX, VSIAX, VFIAX, SCPB, IWM, VO, VMMXX, WGIFX, SDSCX, FEGIX, PEQPX, GFFFX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":23,"divestedTickers":["VHCAX","VSIAX","VFIAX","SCPB","IWM","VO","VMMXX","WGIFX","SDSCX","FEGIX","PEQPX","GFFFX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9d6c45ee-6af7-47c7-a9c3-18a6142f65b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9d6c45ee-6af7-47c7-a9c3-18a6142f65b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell discloses 4 private-company / restricted stock positions — Kroger Restricted Stock Units Description : Kroger Company (Cincinnati, Ohio) Fi…","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 4 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 4 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Kroger Restricted Stock Units Description : Kroger Company ( · ChargePoint Holdings RSUs Description : ChargePoint, Inc. (C.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":4,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Kroger Restricted Stock Units Description : Kroger Company (Cincinnati, Ohio) Filer comment: Received as Director; RSUs vest at time of gran","type":"Other","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"ChargePoint Holdings RSUs Description : ChargePoint, Inc. (Campbell, California) Filer comment: Unvested RSUs, considered no value until ves","type":"Other","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"Luminar Technologies, Inc Restricted Stock Units Description : Luminar Technologies, Inc. (Palo Alto, California)","type":"Other","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"Mobileye Global Inc. Restricted Stock Units Description : Mobileye Global Inc. (Wilmington, Delaware)","type":"Other","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_M000355_2012","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell filed 3 amendments to the 2012 Senate annual disclosure — 8 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Mitch McConnell's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2012 report alone, with 8 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2012,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":8,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/56DB5E58-5AFD-4051-B433-119386618BA8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/90002A62-9BBC-48CE-8C24-235D4599FD54/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/17D8E89E-DBDD-4822-8D9D-87BA9995ED56/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/56DB5E58-5AFD-4051-B433-119386618BA8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/90002A62-9BBC-48CE-8C24-235D4599FD54/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mitch McConnell discloses 15 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (2 top-bracket + 13 unascertainable, 15% of 101 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 15 opaque-value entries (2 top-bracket, 13 unascertainable) across 101 total reported assets — 15% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Mitch IRA MLPA (--) · Vanguard 529 College Savings Plan Institution: Vanguard (--) · Vanguard 529 College Savings Plan Institution: Vanguard (--) · VOO - Vanguard S&P 500 ETF ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · UBS Pension Trust (9 items) (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":15,"topBracketCount":2,"unascertCount":13,"totalAssets":101,"opaqueRatio":0.149,"samples":[{"asset":"Mitch IRA MLPA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Vanguard 529 College Savings Plan Institution: Vanguard","value":"--"},{"asset":"Vanguard 529 College Savings Plan Institution: Vanguard","value":"--"},{"asset":"VOO - Vanguard S&P 500 ETF","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"UBS Pension Trust (9 items)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 PFD: 86 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (84% of 102 reported assets)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 86 reported holdings owned by Spouse (78), Joint (8), or Dependent (0) — 84% of 102 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: VMMXX-Vanguard Money Market Reserves (NASDAQ) · Joint: VO - Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF · Joint: VB - Vanguard Small-Cap ETF · Joint: VXUS - Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":78,"Joint":8,"Dependent":0,"Self":15},"totalAssets":102,"familyShare":0.843,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"VMMXX-Vanguard Money Market Reserves (NASDAQ)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"VO - Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"VB - Vanguard Small-Cap ETF","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"VXUS - Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"VOO - Vanguard S&P 500 ETF","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 PFD: 5 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), VO","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · VO ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · VB ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · NYSE ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"VFIAX-Vanguard 500 Index Admiral (NASDAQ)","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Real Property with Carriage House Rental Description: Real Property with Carriage House Rental (Wash","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"VO","asset":"VO - Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"VB","asset":"VB - Vanguard Small-Cap ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"NYSE","asset":"WFC-Wells Fargo & Company (NYSE)","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P99_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell's spouse earned income from 2 law-firm payers on 2025 PFD — top: NFI Interactive Logistics LLC","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 2 payments to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: NFI Interactive Logistics LLC Camden, (Other (Board Advisor Compensation)) · Chariot Parent, LLC d/b/a Chamberlain (Board Compensation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":2,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Board Advisor Compensation)","payer":"NFI Interactive Logistics LLC Camden, New Jersey","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Chariot Parent, LLC d/b/a Chamberlain Group Oak Brook, Illinois","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P106_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell holds 1 ticker on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — KR ($2.2M)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $2.2M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: KR ($2.2M, 15 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":2.17,"holdings":[{"ticker":"KR","totalLobby":2170000,"recordCount":15,"topClient":"THE KROGER CO."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P109_M000355","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell named on 4 Joint Fundraising Committees ($24.6M total receipts) — top: MCCONNELL FOR MAJORITY LEADER COMMITTEE","explanation":"Mitch McConnell appears as a candidate beneficiary on 4 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $24.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MCCONNELL FOR MAJORITY LEADER COMMITTEE (C00548651, $11.1M receipts, treasurer LISA LISKER). Active years: 7, first seen 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":4,"totalReceiptsM":24.64,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00548651","name":"MCCONNELL FOR MAJORITY LEADER COMMITTEE","receipts":11080982.78,"treasurer":"LISA LISKER","activeYears":7,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548651/"},{"committeeId":"C00638007","name":"MCCONNELL VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":6165223,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638007/"},{"committeeId":"C00536409","name":"MCCONNELL VICTORY KENTUCKY","receipts":5095991.13,"treasurer":"LISA LISKER","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00536409/"},{"committeeId":"C00802876","name":"TEAM MCCONNELL","receipts":2299650,"treasurer":"DAVIS, KEITH A.","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00802876/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548651/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00548651/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_M000355","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mitch McConnell's PFD net worth grew 2.7× in 10 years — 2015 $22.17M → 2025 $59.09M (CAGR 10.3%)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $22.17M in 2015 to $59.09M in 2025 — a 2.7× increase over 10 years (compound annual growth rate: 10.3%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 10-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2015","earliestNetWorthM":22.17,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":59.09,"growthFactor":2.67,"yearsCovered":10,"cagrPct":10.3,"filingCount":12,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efad4e4a-a37c-4340-aed4-4ce31f812bc7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efad4e4a-a37c-4340-aed4-4ce31f812bc7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P125_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell holds 1 clean-energy / renewables ticker on 2025 PFD — CHPT","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in clean-energy or renewables companies — solar (First Solar FSLR, Enphase ENPH, SolarEdge SEDG, Sunrun RUN), wind / utility-scale (NextEra NEE, Brookfield Renewables BEP, AES), grid storage (Quanta Services PWR, EnerSys ENS), nuclear (Cameco CCJ, Centrus Energy LEU, BWX Technologies), or EV charging (ChargePoint CHPT, EVgo EVGO, Blink BLNK). Senators voting on the IRA's continuation, expansion, or repeal hold portfolios that move with their votes — every committee mark-up affecting renewable-energy tax credits or DOE loan guarantees moves these stocks. Holdings: CHPT ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_clean_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CHPT","asset":"CHPT - ChargePoint Holdings, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.energy.gov/policy/inflation-reduction-act"]},{"id":"P133_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $59.1M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $59.1M (asset midpoint $59.1M minus liability midpoint $0.0M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":59089548,"netWorthM":59.09,"totalAssetMid":59089547.5,"totalLiabMid":0,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_M000355","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell's earliest disclosed PFD (2015) shows $22.2M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2015) shows total assets of $22.2M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 66; earned-income on first filing: $10,000.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2015","totalAssetMid":22165531,"assetCount":66,"earnedIncome":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efad4e4a-a37c-4340-aed4-4ce31f812bc7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efad4e4a-a37c-4340-aed4-4ce31f812bc7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_M000355","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mitch McConnell ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $42.2M across 32 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's FEC-bulk record shows $42.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 32 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $308.2M (PAC: $42.2M, individual: $222.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":42.18,"lifetimeReceiptsM":308.23,"lifetimeIndividualM":222.67,"cycleCount":32,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S2KY00012"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2KY00012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_M000355","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mitch McConnell ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $308M across 32 cycles","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's FEC-bulk record shows $308.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 32 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":308.23,"cycleCount":32,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2KY00012"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2KY00012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_M000355","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL VMC $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Mitch McConnell has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL VMC $250,001 - $500,000 on 2019-06-03 · SELL IR $250,001 - $500,000 on 2019-06-03.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":500002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"VMC","action":"SELL","date":"2019-06-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"IR","action":"SELL","date":"2019-06-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M000355","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell triggers 17 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mitch McConnell accumulates 17 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":17,"distinctDetectorTypes":36}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M000355","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell triggers 37 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Mitch McConnell accumulates findings across 37 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 37 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":37,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P6","P7","P9","P18","P23","P25","P29","P36","P42","P43","P46","P53","P58","P61","P63","P64","P72","P74","P78","P79","P81","P82","P83","P87","P88","P99","P106","P109","P110"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P154_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P154_PFD_LARGE_GIFT_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 PFD discloses 1 large gift ≥$1,000 — top: 2024 AEI Irving Kristol Award crystal sculpture. ($2,148.46) from American Enterprise Institute Washington, DC","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure Part 5 reports 1 individually-disclosed gift valued at $1,000 or more (combined approximate value: $2,148.46). Senate ethics rules permit gifts under specific exceptions (close family / personal friendship, widely-attended events, modest food and refreshments below $50) but explicitly prohibit gifts from registered lobbyists and from foreign governments. Large individually-reported gifts warrant cross-reference: who is the giver, what is their relationship to the senator, what business interests do they have before the senator's committee, and does the gift fall within an enumerated exception or did the senator obtain a specific Senate Ethics waiver? Recent gifts: 2024 AEI Irving Kristol Award crystal sculpture. ($2,148.46) from American Enterprise Institute Washington, DC on 11/12/2024.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_gift","year":"2025","count":1,"totalValue":2148,"gifts":[{"date":"11/12/2024","gift":"2024 AEI Irving Kristol Award crystal sculpture.","value":"$2,148.46","from":"American Enterprise Institute Washington, DC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P156_M000355","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell's PFD earned income grew 2.0× year-over-year — 2016 $53K → 2017 $107K","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $53,000 in 2016 to $107,000 in 2017 — a 2.0× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2016","priorIncome":53000,"latestYear":"2017","latestIncome":107000,"growthFactor":2.02,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2f72a35a-adad-4555-8341-01eacbd507d3/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ffd0b08-89e5-42e1-a312-e125e19c31b7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ffd0b08-89e5-42e1-a312-e125e19c31b7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2f72a35a-adad-4555-8341-01eacbd507d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P157_M000355","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,294 sponsored, 2,832 cosponsored","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's congress.gov record shows 1,294 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1294,"cosponsoredCount":2832,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/mitch-mcconnell/M000355","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P160_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 PFD shows 8 broad-market index funds (26% of 31 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 of 31 ticker holdings (26%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: SPY, VO, VB, VXUS, VOO, BND, BNDX, VEU.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":8,"totalTickers":31,"ratio":0.26,"broadTickers":["SPY","VO","VB","VXUS","VOO","BND","BNDX","VEU"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $59.1M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $59.1M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":59089547.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 PFD lists 3 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: Luminar Technologies, Inc. Orlando, (Other (Advisory Council Member Compensat)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 3 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Other (Advisory Council Member Compensat from Luminar Technologies, Inc. Orlando, (> $1,000) · Spouse: Other (Board Advisor Compensation) from Deel Inc. San Francisco, (> $1,000) · Spouse: Board Compensation from Mobileye Global Inc. Wilmington, (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":3,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Advisory Council Member Compensat","payer":"Luminar Technologies, Inc. Orlando, Florida","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Board Advisor Compensation)","payer":"Deel Inc. San Francisco, California","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Mobileye Global Inc. Wilmington, Delaware","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/632f557a-c28b-43a9-8de5-1be4faf38032/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/632f557a-c28b-43a9-8de5-1be4faf38032/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_KY_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KY delegation: Mitch McConnell & Rand Paul both flagged on 14 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from KY — Mitch McConnell and Rand Paul — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P25, P29, P36, P72, P79.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"KY","juniorSenatorBid":"P000603","juniorSenatorName":"Rand Paul","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P25","P29","P36","P72","P79","P82","P87","P106","P109","P154","P170"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000355","https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000603"]},{"id":"P179_M000355","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell — 95% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (37/39)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 95% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":39,"atBracket":37,"pct":"94.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M000355_WFC","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mitch McConnell — 34 disclosed trades in single ticker WFC","explanation":"Mitch McConnell traded WFC on 34 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the WFC trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"WFC","count":34}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M000355_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mitch McConnell — 35 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Mitch McConnell's 2025 Senate PFD shows 35 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":35,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcd0cf80-47bd-4148-aa42-81d97935f89a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_M000355","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mitch McConnell — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($154.1M)","explanation":"Mitch McConnell is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $154.1M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":154114122,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2KY00012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001157":[{"id":"P1_M001157_39ckct","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MUR 32d BEFORE own bill HR 957 — \"Green Energy Education Act of 2009\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HR 957 \"Green Energy Education Act of 2009\" AND traded MUR (Energy) within 32 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MUR","date":"2026-02-20","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 957","title":"Green Energy Education Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2026-03-24","daysDiff":-32,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20957"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_7pos6x","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MUR 0d BEFORE S 3711 — \"Addressing Climate Financial Risk Act of 2026\"","explanation":"Member traded MUR (Energy) within 0 days of S 3711 \"Addressing Climate Financial Risk Act of 2026\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MUR","date":"2026-02-20","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3711","title":"Addressing Climate Financial Risk Act of 2026","introducedDate":"2026-02-20","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203711"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_j7gl8h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY BAX 1d BEFORE HR 2309 — \"Medicare and Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act\"","explanation":"Member traded BAX (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 2309 \"Medicare and Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAX","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2309","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-18","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202309"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_mro8l6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL HUM 1d BEFORE HR 2309 — \"Medicare and Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act\"","explanation":"Member traded HUM (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 2309 \"Medicare and Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2309","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-18","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202309"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_yl9wqj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL VSH 33d after own bill HR 2096 — \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HR 2096 \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\" AND traded VSH (Technology) within 33 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSH","date":"2026-02-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2096","title":"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2026-01-10","daysDiff":33,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202096"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_vzaku","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AMZN 31d after own bill HR 2096 — \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HR 2096 \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\" AND traded AMZN (Technology) within 31 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2096","title":"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2026-01-10","daysDiff":31,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202096"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_vw1p40","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL ARE 0d BEFORE HR 3964 — \"Affordable Housing Equity Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded ARE (RealEstate) within 0 days of HR 3964 \"Affordable Housing Equity Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARE","date":"2026-02-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3964","title":"Affordable Housing Equity Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-06","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203964"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_2rpldt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GOOGL 25d after own bill HR 2096 — \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HR 2096 \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\" AND traded GOOGL (Technology) within 25 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-02-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2096","title":"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2026-01-10","daysDiff":25,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202096"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_ler827","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NFLX 20d after own bill HR 2096 — \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HR 2096 \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\" AND traded NFLX (Technology) within 20 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2026-01-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2096","title":"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2026-01-10","daysDiff":20,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202096"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_380olx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PINS 19d after own bill HR 2096 — \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HR 2096 \"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012\" AND traded PINS (Technology) within 19 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PINS","date":"2026-01-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2096","title":"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2026-01-10","daysDiff":19,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202096"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_5f3od","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY BAX 0d BEFORE HR 612 — \"Health Care Providers Safety Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded BAX (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 612 \"Health Care Providers Safety Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAX","date":"2026-01-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 612","title":"Health Care Providers Safety Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-01-13","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20612"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_27zbgi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ARE 3d BEFORE HR 4266 — \"Housing for US Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ARE (RealEstate) within 3 days of HR 4266 \"Housing for US Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARE","date":"2025-10-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4266","title":"Housing for US Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-25","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204266"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_cezv4t","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL CVX 0d BEFORE HR 475 — \"Sanction Russian Nuclear Safety Violators Act of 2…\"","explanation":"Member traded CVX (Energy) within 0 days of HR 475 \"Sanction Russian Nuclear Safety Violators Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-10-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 475","title":"Sanction Russian Nuclear Safety Violators Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-22","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20475"]},{"id":"P1_M001157_ugovlt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ALLY 0d BEFORE SCONRES 22 — \"A concurrent resolution setting forth the congress…\"","explanation":"Member traded ALLY (Finance) within 0 days of SCONRES 22 \"A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United St\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALLY","date":"2025-09-24","amount":"$50,001 - 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Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2020-02-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-02-28 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_ABT_2020-03-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-26 and 2020-04-02, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2020-03-26 to 2020-04-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_DHR_2025-09-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-03 and 2025-09-09, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2025-09-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000398","name":"Thomas Kean"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2025-09-03 to 2025-09-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_FIS_2022-12-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-12-01 and 2022-12-06, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on FIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2022-12-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2022-12-01 to 2022-12-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_FIS_2023-01-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-05 and 2023-01-11, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on FIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2023-01-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2023-01-05 to 2023-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_BLK_2018-07-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-24 and 2018-07-26, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2018-07-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"}],"span":"2018-07-24 to 2018-07-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_AVGO_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_ACN_2015-06-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-06-26 and 2015-07-01, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2015-06-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2015-06-26 to 2015-07-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_GE_2019-03-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-12 and 2019-03-14, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-03-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2019-03-12 to 2019-03-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_GE_2019-08-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-08 and 2019-08-14, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-08-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"}],"span":"2019-08-08 to 2019-08-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_GE_2019-08-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-13 and 2019-08-20, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-08-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2019-08-13 to 2019-08-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_GE_2019-08-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-14 and 2019-08-20, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-08-14","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2019-08-14 to 2019-08-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_CMCSA_2026-01-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-01-09 and 2026-01-13, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2026-01-09","action":"BUY","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2026-01-09 to 2026-01-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_ACN_2022-07-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-07-15 and 2022-07-19, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2022-07-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2022-07-15 to 2022-07-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_ACN_2022-07-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-07-27 and 2022-08-01, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2022-07-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2022-07-27 to 2022-08-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_BMY_2016-08-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-11 and 2016-08-18, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2016-08-11 to 2016-08-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_BMY_2016-08-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-15 and 2016-08-18, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2016-08-15 to 2016-08-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_PPG_2019-03-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PPG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-13 and 2019-03-15, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on PPG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","date":"2019-03-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PPG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000399","name":"Lloyd Doggett"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-03-13 to 2019-03-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_BLK_2018-03-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-03-29 and 2018-04-05, 4 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2018-03-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000295","name":"David Joyce"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2018-03-29 to 2018-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_BLK_2018-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-04-03 and 2018-04-05, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2018-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2018-04-03 to 2018-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_BK_2015-09-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-09-02 and 2015-09-09, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2015-09-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2015-09-02 to 2015-09-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_AZN_2014-04-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AZN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-04-25 and 2014-05-01, 3 members took the same direction on AZN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AZN","date":"2014-04-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AZN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"C001071","name":"Bob Corker"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2014-04-25 to 2014-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_GILD_2014-12-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GILD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-12-23 and 2014-12-26, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on GILD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2014-12-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GILD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"}],"span":"2014-12-23 to 2014-12-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_QCOM_2014-11-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-11-06 and 2014-11-13, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2014-11-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2014-11-06 to 2014-11-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001157_QCOM_2019-06-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-06-03 and 2019-06-06, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2019-06-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001204","name":"Daniel Meuser"}],"span":"2019-06-03 to 2019-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001157_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"889 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael McCaul executed 889 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2026-02-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","date":"2026-02-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2026-02-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPOT","date":"2026-02-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delete, Delete, Delete; Withdrawal","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-30"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delete, Delete, Delete; Withdrawal","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001157_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"235 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael McCaul executed 235 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MUR","date":"2026-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFG","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Wagner-Peyser Act Staffing, Delay of Merit Staffing Compliance Date","agency":"Labor Department, Employment and Training Administration","date":"2026-01-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Facility License Notifications","agency":"Interior Department, National Indian Gaming Commission","date":"2025-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001157_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"104 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael McCaul executed 104 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2026-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTHR","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTHR","date":"2025-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Prospective Payment System for Federal Fiscal Year 2026 and Updates ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-12-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Gardenia (Genipin) Blue; Confirmation of Effective Date","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-10-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001157_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"435 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael McCaul executed 435 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALLY","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Tryon Foothills Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2025-09-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Tryon Foothills Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2025-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001157_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"62 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael McCaul executed 62 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-10-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-09-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-08-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-06-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Old Port Tampa, Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Manbirtee Key, Seaport Manatee, MacDill Air Force Base, Port of ","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Limitation on Certain Institutes of Higher Education (DFARS Case 2024","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2025-08-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001157_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"59 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael McCaul executed 59 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2025-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-14,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2025-07-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2025-06-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2024-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-6,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2025 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-09-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_M001157_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Michael McCaul cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPOT","date":"2026-02-10","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","date":"2026-02-09","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_M001157_f47x0x","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"215 trades in VRNG (Other) — 1% of this member's 16271 total trades","explanation":"Michael McCaul has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"VRNG","count":215,"buys":124,"sells":91,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-12-03","lastDate":"2026-01-26"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"GOOGL","count":114,"buys":30,"sells":84,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2015-12-15","lastDate":"2026-02-04"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"FB","count":113,"buys":45,"sells":68,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-06-15","lastDate":"2025-10-31"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"RGS","count":108,"buys":62,"sells":46,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2016-03-14","lastDate":"2020-03-31"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AMZN","count":105,"buys":42,"sells":63,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2014-11-05","lastDate":"2026-02-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_M001157_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of PAC dollars ($1,502,649) come from Party industry","explanation":"Michael McCaul receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1502649.29,"share":81.2,"totalPAC":1850073.6600000001,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1502649.29,"share":81.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":312924.37,"share":16.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":34500,"share":1.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_M001157_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McCAUL, Michael T. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":23,"peerNay":1,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":7,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":363,"date":"2026-01-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":24,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4593) the SHOWER Act; providing fo"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":362,"date":"2026-01-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":24,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4593) the SHOWER Act; providing fo"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001157","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"21% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.2× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 16271 disclosed trades, 3336 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.2× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":3336,"total":16271,"rate":20.5},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.18}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_M001157_uchjmm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rosedale Huddle both supported ($964) and opposed ($5,764) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Michael McCaul advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00686410","name":"Rosedale Huddle","support":964.1800000000001,"oppose":5764.18,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00686410/"]},{"id":"P36_M001157","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing; 4 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology + 3 more)","explanation":"Michael McCaul has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 4 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":877,"highSeverityCount":314,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"],"count":5},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Pharma","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_M001157_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+700 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Michael McCaul accumulated 725 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 700 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 249 HIGH · 451 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":700,"totalRaw":725,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":249,"MEDIUM":451,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001157"]},{"id":"P5_M001157_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+5 more P5 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Michael McCaul accumulated 30 P5 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 5 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 5 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P5","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":5,"totalRaw":30,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":5,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001157"]},{"id":"P17_M001157_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+84 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Michael McCaul accumulated 109 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 84 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 84 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":84,"totalRaw":109,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":84,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001157"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_RGS_20160701","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in RGS 24 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul traded RGS within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2016-07-01","title":"FTC Staff Supports Department of Veterans Affairs Proposed Rule To Grant Full Practice Authority to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/07/ftc-staff-supports-department-veterans-affairs-proposed-rule-grant-full-practice-authority-advanced"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-16","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-15","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-14","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-13","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-10","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-09","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-07","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/07/ftc-staff-supports-department-veterans-affairs-proposed-rule-grant-full-practice-authority-advanced"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_LIN_20221101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in LIN 28 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold LIN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-11-01","title":"FTC Further Modifies 2019 Order Requiring Praxair, Inc. and Linde AG to Sell Assets in Nine Industrial Gases Product Markets","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/11/ftc-further-modifies-2019-order-requiring-praxair-inc-linde-ag-sell-assets-nine-industrial-gases"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-04","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/11/ftc-further-modifies-2019-order-requiring-praxair-inc-linde-ag-sell-assets-nine-industrial-gases"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_INTC_20241201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in INTC 11 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2024-12-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against IntelliVision Technologies for Deceptive Claims About its Facial Recognition Software","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-takes-action-against-intellivision-technologies-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-20","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-20","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-takes-action-against-intellivision-technologies-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_BOX_20170309","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in BOX 28 days before SEC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul traded BOX within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2017-03-09","title":"Notis Global, Inc. (f/k/a Medbox, Inc.), et al.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23774"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BOX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-09","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23774"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_ORCL_20160301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in ORCL 11 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold ORCL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2016-03-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order in Oracle Java Security Case","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/03/ftc-approves-final-order-oracle-java-security-case"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-19","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-19","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/03/ftc-approves-final-order-oracle-java-security-case"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_SO_20150507","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in SO 30 days before SEC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold SO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2015-05-07","title":"Charles H. Merchant, Sr. and Southern USA Resources, Inc.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23253"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-05-04","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-04-07","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23253"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_AAPL_20140301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in AAPL 25 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold AAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-03-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order in Case About Apple Inc. Charging for Kids’ In-App Purchases Without Parental Consent","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-approves-final-order-case-about-apple-inc-charging-kids-app-purchases-without-parental-consent"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-07","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-04","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-approves-final-order-case-about-apple-inc-charging-kids-app-purchases-without-parental-consent"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_AAPL_20140101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in AAPL 27 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold AAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-01-01","title":"Apple Inc. Will Provide Full Consumer Refunds of At Least $32.5 Million to Settle FTC Complaint It Charged for Kids’ In-App Purchases Without Parental Consent","penalty":32500000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/01/apple-inc-will-provide-full-consumer-refunds-least-325-million-settle-ftc-complaint-it-charged-kids"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2013-12-19","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2013-12-05","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/01/apple-inc-will-provide-full-consumer-refunds-least-325-million-settle-ftc-complaint-it-charged-kids"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_UNH_20190801","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in UNH 24 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul traded UNH within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2019-08-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Imposing Conditions on UnitedHealth Group’s Proposed Acquisition of DaVita Medical Group","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/08/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-unitedhealth-groups-proposed-acquisition-davita-medical"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/08/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-unitedhealth-groups-proposed-acquisition-davita-medical"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_CVX_20250701","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in CVX 26 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold CVX within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-07-01","title":"FTC Reopens and Sets Aside Chevron-Hess Final Order","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/07/ftc-reopens-sets-aside-chevron-hess-final-order"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-05","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/07/ftc-reopens-sets-aside-chevron-hess-final-order"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_CVX_20240901","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in CVX 13 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul traded CVX within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2024-09-01","title":"FTC Order Bans Hess CEO from Chevron Board in Chevron-Hess Deal","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/09/ftc-order-bans-hess-ceo-chevron-board-chevron-hess-deal"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-19","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/09/ftc-order-bans-hess-ceo-chevron-board-chevron-hess-deal"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_SNPS_20251001","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in SNPS 15 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold SNPS within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-10-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Divestiture Order in Synopsys and Ansys Deal","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/10/ftc-approves-final-divestiture-order-synopsys-ansys-deal"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-25","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-16","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/10/ftc-approves-final-divestiture-order-synopsys-ansys-deal"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_AMZN_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in AMZN 22 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold AMZN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against Amazon for Enrolling Consumers in Amazon Prime Without Consent and Sabotaging Their Attempts to Cancel","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-takes-action-against-amazon-enrolling-consumers-amazon-prime-without-consent-sabotaging-their"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-takes-action-against-amazon-enrolling-consumers-amazon-prime-without-consent-sabotaging-their"]},{"id":"P40_M001157_MSFT_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 trades in MSFT 22 days before FTC action","explanation":"Michael McCaul sold MSFT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Will Require Microsoft to Pay $20 million over Charges it Illegally Collected Personal Information from Children without Their Parents’ Consent","penalty":20000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-18","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-18","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"]},{"id":"P41_M001157_sjres-80_AMZN_20251027","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-80","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-80. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-80","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001157_sjres-80_MSFT_20251027","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-80","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-80. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-80","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001157_sjres-80_COP_20251027","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of COP within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-80","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in COP within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-80. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-80","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001157_sjres-80_UNH_20251027","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of UNH within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-80","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in UNH within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-80. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-80","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001157_sjres-80_CVX_20251022","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of CVX within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-80","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in CVX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-80. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-80","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-10","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-22"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SAP-SJRES80.pdf"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_AMZN_20251027","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2025-Q4 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in AMZN during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_NVDA_20251027","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2025-Q4 while NVIDIA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in NVDA during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA, NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA","NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_MSFT_20251027","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q4 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_COP_20251027","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of COP in 2025-Q4 while CONOCOPHILLIPS had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in COP during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (CONOCOPHILLIPS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["CONOCOPHILLIPS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_UNH_20251027","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2025-Q4 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in UNH during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_CVX_20251022","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2025-Q4 while CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in CVX during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP, CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-22","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_MRK_20250822","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2025-Q3 while MERCK & CO., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in MRK during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO., INC., TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-22","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO., INC.","TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK & CO. INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_CVX_20250822","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2025-Q3 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in CVX during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-22","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_AMZN_20250821","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2025-Q3 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in AMZN during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON WEB SERVICES). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_MSFT_20250821","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q3 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_UNH_20250821","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2025-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in UNH during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_NVDA_20250821","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2025-Q3 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in NVDA during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION, NVIDIA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION","NVIDIA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_MSFT_20250711","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q3 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_GOOGL_20250711","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2025-Q3 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in GOOGL during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, GOOGLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES","GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE PUBLIC SECTOR (FKA GOOGLE CLOUD)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_NVDA_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2025-Q2 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in NVDA during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_MA_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2025-Q2 while MASTERCARD, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in MA during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD, INC, MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD, INC","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED","MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_V_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2025-Q2 while VISA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in V during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA, INC., VISA INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["VISA, INC.","VISA INC.","VISA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_MRK_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2025-Q2 while MERCK & CO INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in MRK during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO INC, TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO INC","TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK & CO., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_GOOGL_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2025-Q2 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in GOOGL during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLOUD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_MSFT_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_NFLX_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2025-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in NFLX during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_CVX_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2025-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in CVX during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_AMZN_20250627","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2025-Q2 while AMAZON.COM had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in AMZN during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON CORPORATE LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_NVDA_20250616","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2025-Q2 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in NVDA during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_MSFT_20250616","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_WBD_20240702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WBD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $WBD 1 day after a corporate insider (Di Piazza Samuel A Jr.  (CIK 0001478420)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Di Piazza Samuel A Jr.  (CIK 0001478420)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001437107-24-000143","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_WBD_20230512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WBD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $WBD 1 day after a corporate insider (Price Paula A  (CIK 0001369240)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Price Paula A  (CIK 0001369240)","filingDate":"2023-05-11","adsh":"0001437107-23-000106","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_SNPS_20250916","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SNPS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $SNPS 1 day after a corporate insider (PAINTER ROBERT G  (CIK 0001665364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNPS","filer":"PAINTER ROBERT G  (CIK 0001665364)","filingDate":"2025-09-15","adsh":"0001665364-25-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_ADP_20220408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $ADP 1 day after a corporate insider (Goeckeler David  (CIK 0001713941)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADP","filer":"Goeckeler David  (CIK 0001713941)","filingDate":"2022-04-07","adsh":"0001225208-22-005693","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_COF_20221104","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COF 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $COF 1 day after a corporate insider (PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO LLC  (CIK 0001163368)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COF","filer":"PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO LLC  (CIK 0001163368)","filingDate":"2022-11-03","adsh":"0000899243-22-034940","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_BSX_20200421","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BSX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $BSX 1 day after a corporate insider (Pierce David A  (CIK 0001529751)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Pierce David A  (CIK 0001529751)","filingDate":"2020-04-20","adsh":"0001225208-20-006612","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_ORCL_20200326","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $ORCL 1 day after a corporate insider (MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001127602-20-011940","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_AMZN_20201001","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (Jassy Andrew R  (CIK 0001374545)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Jassy Andrew R  (CIK 0001374545)","filingDate":"2020-09-30","adsh":"0001127602-20-025928","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_FB_20250109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $FB 1 day after a corporate insider (Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)","filingDate":"2025-01-08","adsh":"0001649749-25-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_FB_20230804","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $FB 1 day after a corporate insider (Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)","filingDate":"2023-08-03","adsh":"0001649749-23-000217","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_FB_20200804","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $FB 1 day after a corporate insider (Clark Agenia  (CIK 0001632394)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Clark Agenia  (CIK 0001632394)","filingDate":"2020-08-03","adsh":"0001649749-20-000145","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_ZTS_20211221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ZTS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $ZTS 1 day after a corporate insider (SCULLY ROBERT W  (CIK 0001352881)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"SCULLY ROBERT W  (CIK 0001352881)","filingDate":"2021-12-20","adsh":"0001555280-21-000348","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_ZTS_20200326","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ZTS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $ZTS 1 day after a corporate insider (STEERE WILLIAM C JR  (CIK 0001033870)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"STEERE WILLIAM C JR  (CIK 0001033870)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001555280-20-000146","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_ADBE_20231027","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $ADBE 1 day after a corporate insider (Wadhwani David  (CIK 0001494665)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Wadhwani David  (CIK 0001494665)","filingDate":"2023-10-26","adsh":"0000796343-23-000232","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_ADBE_20220111","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $ADBE 1 day after a corporate insider (Desmond Laura  (CIK 0001550028)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Desmond Laura  (CIK 0001550028)","filingDate":"2022-01-10","adsh":"0000796343-22-000014","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_T_20241120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $T 1 day after a corporate insider (LI SUSAN J  (CIK 0001739092)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"LI SUSAN J  (CIK 0001739092)","filingDate":"2024-11-19","adsh":"0000950103-24-016539","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_T_20230331","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $T 1 day after a corporate insider (ADAMS STREET PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001193586)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"ADAMS STREET PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001193586)","filingDate":"2023-03-30","adsh":"0001104659-23-039431","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_T_20220105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $T 1 day after a corporate insider (RANKIN ALFRED M ET AL  (CIK 0000904532)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"RANKIN ALFRED M ET AL  (CIK 0000904532)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001127602-22-000582","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_T_20201209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $T 1 day after a corporate insider (RANKIN JAMES T  (CIK 0001247954)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"RANKIN JAMES T  (CIK 0001247954)","filingDate":"2020-12-08","adsh":"0001127602-20-030901","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_NVDA_20230616","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)","filingDate":"2023-06-15","adsh":"0001045810-23-000115","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_NVDA_20211221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (JONES HARVEY C  (CIK 0001197650)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"JONES HARVEY C  (CIK 0001197650)","filingDate":"2021-12-20","adsh":"0001045810-21-000189","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_MNST_20230405","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MNST 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $MNST 1 day after a corporate insider (SACKS RODNEY C  (CIK 0001284353)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MNST","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MNST","filer":"SACKS RODNEY C  (CIK 0001284353)","filingDate":"2023-04-04","adsh":"0000865752-23-000020","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_INTU_20240305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INTU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $INTU 1 day after a corporate insider (Aujla Sandeep  (CIK 0001987166)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTU","filer":"Aujla Sandeep  (CIK 0001987166)","filingDate":"2024-03-04","adsh":"0001062993-24-005273","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_INTU_20221104","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $INTU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $INTU 1 day after a corporate insider (Tessel Marianna  (CIK 0001784171)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTU","filer":"Tessel Marianna  (CIK 0001784171)","filingDate":"2022-11-03","adsh":"0001062993-22-021484","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_INTU_20220914","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $INTU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $INTU 1 day after a corporate insider (Krishna Varun  (CIK 0001931906)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTU","filer":"Krishna Varun  (CIK 0001931906)","filingDate":"2022-09-13","adsh":"0001062993-22-019501","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001157_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+381 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Michael McCaul accumulated 406 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 381 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":381,"totalRaw":406}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_MA_20250821","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $MA 1 day before a corporate insider (NAYOT RON  (CIK 0002016573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"NAYOT RON  (CIK 0002016573)","filingDate":"2025-08-22","adsh":"0000950170-25-110984"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_EMR_20220202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EMR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $EMR 1 day before a corporate insider (BLINN MARK A  (CIK 0001129149)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EMR","filer":"BLINN MARK A  (CIK 0001129149)","filingDate":"2022-02-03","adsh":"0000950138-22-000036"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_MLM_20260223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MLM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $MLM 1 day before a corporate insider (Nye C Howard  (CIK 0001373147)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MLM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MLM","filer":"Nye C Howard  (CIK 0001373147)","filingDate":"2026-02-24","adsh":"0000916076-26-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_BKNG_20220615","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BKNG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $BKNG 1 day before a corporate insider (GOULDEN DAVID I  (CIK 0001189179)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"GOULDEN DAVID I  (CIK 0001189179)","filingDate":"2022-06-16","adsh":"0001415889-22-006633"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_BAX_20260217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BAX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $BAX 1 day before a corporate insider (McDonnell Michael R.  (CIK 0001121897)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAX","filer":"McDonnell Michael R.  (CIK 0001121897)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0001628280-26-009023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_COF_20220504","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COF 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $COF 1 day before a corporate insider (PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO LLC  (CIK 0001163368)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COF","filer":"PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO LLC  (CIK 0001163368)","filingDate":"2022-05-05","adsh":"0000899243-22-017006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_BSX_20220505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BSX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $BSX 1 day before a corporate insider (JAMES DONNA  (CIK 0001197735)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"JAMES DONNA  (CIK 0001197735)","filingDate":"2022-05-06","adsh":"0001225208-22-006630"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_PPG_20220421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $PPG 1 day before a corporate insider (LIGOCKI KATHLEEN  (CIK 0001261013)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"LIGOCKI KATHLEEN  (CIK 0001261013)","filingDate":"2022-04-22","adsh":"0001209191-22-025289"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_GOOGL_20240916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2024-09-17","adsh":"0000950170-24-107535"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_GOOG_20240325","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $GOOG 1 day before a corporate insider (Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)","filingDate":"2024-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-24-005090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_MSFT_20240715","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2024-07-16","adsh":"0001062993-24-013850"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_ADSK_20230328","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ADSK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $ADSK 1 day before a corporate insider (Keene Ruth Ann  (CIK 0001823981)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADSK","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADSK","filer":"Keene Ruth Ann  (CIK 0001823981)","filingDate":"2023-03-29","adsh":"0000769397-23-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_DXCM_20251027","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DXCM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $DXCM 1 day before a corporate insider (Ashley Euan A.  (CIK 0002092523)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"Ashley Euan A.  (CIK 0002092523)","filingDate":"2025-10-28","adsh":"0001093557-25-000271"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_AMZN_20220504","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2022-05-05","adsh":"0001127602-22-013500"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_AMZN_20200908","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (McGrath Judith A  (CIK 0001612243)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"McGrath Judith A  (CIK 0001612243)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0000899243-20-024790"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_FB_20250109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)","filingDate":"2025-01-10","adsh":"0001649749-25-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_FB_20230608","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)","filingDate":"2023-06-09","adsh":"0001649749-23-000182"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_FB_20221114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul buy $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2022-11-15","adsh":"0001649749-22-000189"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_VMC_20260223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VMC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $VMC 1 day before a corporate insider (Carlisle Mary Andrews  (CIK 0001944373)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VMC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VMC","filer":"Carlisle Mary Andrews  (CIK 0001944373)","filingDate":"2026-02-24","adsh":"0001944373-26-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_VMC_20250821","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VMC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $VMC 1 day before a corporate insider (Pigg Randy L.  (CIK 0001737603)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VMC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VMC","filer":"Pigg Randy L.  (CIK 0001737603)","filingDate":"2025-08-22","adsh":"0001562180-25-005952"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_VMC_20250616","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VMC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $VMC 1 day before a corporate insider (STYSLINGER LEE J III  (CIK 0001256896)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VMC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VMC","filer":"STYSLINGER LEE J III  (CIK 0001256896)","filingDate":"2025-06-17","adsh":"0001562180-25-004887"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_HLT_20250821","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HLT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $HLT 1 day before a corporate insider (Silcock Christopher W  (CIK 0001653153)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLT","filer":"Silcock Christopher W  (CIK 0001653153)","filingDate":"2025-08-22","adsh":"0001585689-25-000152"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_HLT_20221201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HLT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $HLT 1 day before a corporate insider (Duffy Michael W  (CIK 0001653130)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLT","filer":"Duffy Michael W  (CIK 0001653130)","filingDate":"2022-12-02","adsh":"0001585689-22-000169"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_ADBE_20201026","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (Lewnes Ann  (CIK 0001597445)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Lewnes Ann  (CIK 0001597445)","filingDate":"2020-10-27","adsh":"0000796343-20-000230"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_ADBE_20201001","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael McCaul sell $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (Lewnes Ann  (CIK 0001597445)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Lewnes Ann  (CIK 0001597445)","filingDate":"2020-10-02","adsh":"0000796343-20-000205"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001157_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+662 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Michael McCaul accumulated 687 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 662 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":662,"totalRaw":687}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_111_HRES_1118","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 6 days after sponsoring HRES 1118 (Technology)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HRES 1118 on 2025-01-02 — a Technology-sector bill — and sell $ADBE 6 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 9 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HRES_1118","type":"HRES","number":"1118","title":"Expressing the concern of the House of Representatives over the Government of Iran's continued oppression of its people and calling on the Administration to take further measures in support of those oppressed by the current Iranian regime.","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","sector":"Technology","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/1118"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/bill/1118","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HR_1270","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MRK 5 days before sponsoring HR 1270 (Pharma)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HR 1270 on 2025-04-07 — a Pharma-sector bill — and buy $MRK 5 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_1270","type":"HR","number":"1270","title":"To direct the Secretary of State to designate as foreign terrorist organizations certain Mexican drug cartels, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sector":"Pharma","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/1270"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/1270","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HR_2998","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FDX 8 days after sponsoring HR 2998 (Industrials)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HR 2998 on 2025-08-14 — a Industrials-sector bill — and sell $FDX 8 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_2998","type":"HR","number":"2998","title":"Ethical Shipping Inspections Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Industrials","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2998"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-22"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2998","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HR_3059","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MRK 3 days after sponsoring HR 3059 (Pharma)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HR 3059 on 2026-01-10 — a Pharma-sector bill — and sell $MRK 3 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_3059","type":"HR","number":"3059","title":"Creating Hope Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2026-01-10","sector":"Pharma","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3059"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3059","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HR_3700","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 1 day after sponsoring HR 3700 (Finance)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HR 3700 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and buy $V 1 day after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 7 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_3700","type":"HR","number":"3700","title":"Louis Zamperini Congressional Gold Medal Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3700"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3700","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HR_4110","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRK 13 days after sponsoring HR 4110 (Pharma)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HR 4110 on 2024-02-07 — a Pharma-sector bill — and sell $MRK 13 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_4110","type":"HR","number":"4110","title":"To restrict assistance to Pakistan unless the Secretary of State certifies to Congress that the Government of Pakistan is not aiding, assisting, advising, or informing the Haqqani network in any capacity, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","sector":"Pharma","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/4110"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/4110","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HR_5913","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 28 days before sponsoring HR 5913 (Technology)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HR 5913 on 2025-04-07 — a Technology-sector bill — and sell $AAPL 28 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 8 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_5913","type":"HR","number":"5913","title":"DHS Accountability Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sector":"Technology","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/5913"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/5913","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HR_6012","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NFLX 25 days before sponsoring HR 6012 (Technology)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HR 6012 on 2019-11-15 — a Technology-sector bill — and buy $NFLX 25 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 11 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_6012","type":"HR","number":"6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information on, and unredacted samples and images of, semiconductor chip products suspected of being imported in violation of the rights of the owner of a registered mark or the owner of a mask work.","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","sector":"Technology","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/6012"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/6012","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HCONRES_114","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NFLX 27 days before sponsoring HCONRES 114 (Technology)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HCONRES 114 on 2024-02-07 — a Technology-sector bill — and sell $NFLX 27 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 14 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HCONRES_114","type":"HCONRES","number":"114","title":"Expressing the sense of Congress that the United States should preserve, enhance, and increase access to an open, global Internet.","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","sector":"Technology","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/bill/114"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/bill/114","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_112_HRES_628","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NFLX 27 days before sponsoring HRES 628 (Technology)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HRES 628 on 2024-02-07 — a Technology-sector bill — and sell $NFLX 27 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 14 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HRES_628","type":"HRES","number":"628","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the United States should preserve, enhance, and increase access to an open, global Internet.","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","sector":"Technology","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/bill/628"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/bill/628","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_M001157_113_HR_756","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $V 24 days before sponsoring HR 756 (Finance)","explanation":"Michael McCaul sponsored HR 756 on 2025-04-07 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $V 24 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"113_HR_756","type":"HR","number":"756","title":"Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2013","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sector":"Finance","congress":113,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/756"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/756","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001157_118430","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $T 1 day after a Telecom hearing in House Foreign Affairs","explanation":"Michael McCaul sits on House Foreign Affairs, which on 2025-06-25 held a hearing titled \"Spies, Lies, and Mismanagement: Examining the U.S. Agency for Global Media’s Downfall\" — classified as Telecom sector. The member sell $T (a Telecom-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Foreign Affairs","eventId":"118430","title":"Spies, Lies, and Mismanagement: Examining the U.S. Agency for Global Media’s Downfall","date":"2025-06-25T14:00:00Z","sector":"Telecom","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118430"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","sector":"Telecom","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","sector":"Telecom","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118430","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2023-06-12_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MS 17 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 794-word floor speech on 2023-06-12 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and agree to the reso- lution (H. Res. 377) calling for the im- mediate release of Evan Gershkovich, a United States citizen and journalist, who was wrongfully…\"). The member sell $MS (a Finance-sector stock) 17 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-06-12","chamber":"House","wordCount":794,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and agree to the reso- lution (H. Res. 377) calling for the im- mediate release of Evan Gershkovich, a United States citizen and journalist, who was wrongfully","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/06/12/169/102/CREC-2023-06-12-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/06/12/169/102/CREC-2023-06-12-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2022-03-31_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HII 29 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 600-word floor speech on 2022-03-31 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Oklahoma for yielding. Madam Speaker, the Chinese Com- munist Party poses a generational threat to the United States and our freedom-loving allies around the…\"). The member sell $HII (a Defense-sector stock) 29 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-03-31","chamber":"House","wordCount":600,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Oklahoma for yielding. Madam Speaker, the Chinese Com- munist Party poses a generational threat to the United States and our freedom-loving allies around the ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/31/168/57/CREC-2022-03-31-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HII","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HII","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/31/168/57/CREC-2022-03-31-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2022-02-02_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HII 13 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 609-word floor speech on 2022-02-02 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, last year, the CCP’s hypersonic weapons program successfully launched a missile that traveled all the way around the world. That program was built on the back- bone of U.S. technology. An…\"). The member buy $HII (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-02-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":609,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, last year, the CCP’s hypersonic weapons program successfully launched a missile that traveled all the way around the world. That program was built on the back- bone of U.S. technology. An","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/02/02/168/21/CREC-2022-02-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HII","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HII","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HII","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/02/02/168/21/CREC-2022-02-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2021-04-19_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UPS 14 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 526-word floor speech on 2021-04-19 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"I thank him for his work on this impor- tant bill. This Congress, the House Foreign Af- fairs Committee aims to prioritize ef- forts to reassert American leadership on a variety of issues. I can’t thi…\"). The member buy $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-04-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":526,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"I thank him for his work on this impor- tant bill. This Congress, the House Foreign Af- fairs Committee aims to prioritize ef- forts to reassert American leadership on a variety of issues. I can’t thi","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/04/19/167/67/CREC-2021-04-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/04/19/167/67/CREC-2021-04-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2021-04-19_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NFLX 4 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 755-word floor speech on 2021-04-19 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Madam Speaker, I am pleased the House is considering the Cyber Diplo- macy Act that I reintroduced this Con- gress with Chairman MEEKS and a…\"). The member buy $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 4 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-04-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":755,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Madam Speaker, I am pleased the House is considering the Cyber Diplo- macy Act that I reintroduced this Con- gress with Chairman MEEKS and a","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/04/19/167/67/CREC-2021-04-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/04/19/167/67/CREC-2021-04-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2020-12-03_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HII 13 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 588-word floor speech on 2020-12-03 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. VerDate Sep 11 2014 12:28 Dec 04, 2020 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\\CR\\FM\\A03DE7.107 H03DEPT1 dlhill on DSK120RN23PROD wi…\"). The member buy $HII (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-12-03","chamber":"House","wordCount":588,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. VerDate Sep 11 2014 12:28 Dec 04, 2020 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\\CR\\FM\\A03DE7.107 H03DEPT1 dlhill on DSK120RN23PROD wi","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/12/03/166/204/CREC-2020-12-03-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HII","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/12/03/166/204/CREC-2020-12-03-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2020-01-09_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JPM 5 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 202-word floor speech on 2020-01-09 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I yield 11 ⁄2 minutes to the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. WILSON). Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. Madam Speaker, this week, universally respected Senator Joe Lieberman, a Democrat,…\"). The member sell $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 5 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":202,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I yield 11 ⁄2 minutes to the gentleman from South Carolina (Mr. WILSON). Mr. WILSON of South Carolina. Madam Speaker, this week, universally respected Senator Joe Lieberman, a Democrat,","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/09/166/5/CREC-2020-01-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/09/166/5/CREC-2020-01-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2020-01-08_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 6 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 324-word floor speech on 2020-01-08 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I am prepared to close. I yield myself such time as I may consume. Madam Speaker, for decades China has been infiltrating the United States, espionage, intellectual property theft. I kn…\"). The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":324,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I am prepared to close. I yield myself such time as I may consume. Madam Speaker, for decades China has been infiltrating the United States, espionage, intellectual property theft. I kn","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/08/CREC-2020-01-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/08/CREC-2020-01-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2018-11-13_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 10 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 7589-word floor speech on 2018-11-13 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take from the Speaker’s table the bill (H.R. 3359) to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency…\"). The member buy $AMZN (a Technology-sector stock) 10 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-11-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":7589,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take from the Speaker’s table the bill (H.R. 3359) to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/11/13/CREC-2018-11-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-11-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-11-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2018-11-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-11-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/11/13/CREC-2018-11-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2018-09-25_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 7 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 830-word floor speech on 2018-09-25 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 6735) to direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish a vul- nerability disclosure policy for Depart- ment of Homeland Securi…\"). The member sell $ORCL (a Technology-sector stock) 7 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-09-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":830,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 6735) to direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish a vul- nerability disclosure policy for Depart- ment of Homeland Securi","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/25/CREC-2018-09-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/25/CREC-2018-09-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2018-07-25_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WMB 21 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 493-word floor speech on 2018-07-25 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of my legislation, the Energy Diplomacy Act. Across the globe, our friends and allies want a stable and re- liable supply of American energy. America, in turn, must acti…\"). The member buy $WMB (a Energy-sector stock) 21 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-07-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":493,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of my legislation, the Energy Diplomacy Act. Across the globe, our friends and allies want a stable and re- liable supply of American energy. America, in turn, must acti","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/07/25/164/125/CREC-2018-07-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/07/25/164/125/CREC-2018-07-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2018-01-09_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HON 19 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 405-word floor speech on 2018-01-09 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I include in the R ECORD the cost estimate from the Congres- sional Budget Office regarding H.R. 4559. The cost estimate was not available at the time of the filing of the Committee repor…\"). The member sell $HON (a Industrials-sector stock) 19 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-01-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":405,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I include in the R ECORD the cost estimate from the Congres- sional Budget Office regarding H.R. 4559. The cost estimate was not available at the time of the filing of the Committee repor","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/01/09/CREC-2018-01-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/01/09/CREC-2018-01-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2017-12-11_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 10 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 5978-word floor speech on 2017-12-11 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 3359) to amend the Homeland Se- curity Act of 2002 to authorize the Cy- bersecurity and Infrastructure Secu- rity Agency of the Departm…\"). The member sell $HON (a Industrials-sector stock) 10 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-12-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":5978,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 3359) to amend the Homeland Se- curity Act of 2002 to authorize the Cy- bersecurity and Infrastructure Secu- rity Agency of the Departm","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/12/11/CREC-2017-12-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/12/11/CREC-2017-12-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2017-12-11_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 4 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 2697-word floor speech on 2017-12-11 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act. Mr. Speaker, with each passing day, nation-sta…\"). The member sell $ADBE (a Technology-sector stock) 4 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-12-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":2697,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act. Mr. Speaker, with each passing day, nation-sta","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/12/11/CREC-2017-12-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/12/11/CREC-2017-12-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2017-10-24_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 6 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 704-word floor speech on 2017-10-24 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 3101) to enhance cybersecurity in- formation sharing and coordination at ports in the United States, and for other purposes, as amended…\"). The member sell $ADBE (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-10-24","chamber":"House","wordCount":704,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 3101) to enhance cybersecurity in- formation sharing and coordination at ports in the United States, and for other purposes, as amended","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/24/163/171/CREC-2017-10-24-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-06"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/24/163/171/CREC-2017-10-24-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2017-06-13_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABT 1 day after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 254-word floor speech on 2017-06-13 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the gentleman from Colorado as well. I rise today in strong support of H.R. 2581, the Verify First Act. I helped in- troduce this legislation with my good friend and colle…\"). The member buy $ABT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 1 day after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-06-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":254,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the gentleman from Colorado as well. I rise today in strong support of H.R. 2581, the Verify First Act. I helped in- troduce this legislation with my good friend and colle","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/06/13/163/100/CREC-2017-06-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/06/13/163/100/CREC-2017-06-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2017-05-23_Consumer","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SBUX 3 days after a Consumer floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 223-word floor speech on 2017-05-23 that the classifier tagged Consumer sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take from the Speaker’s table the bill (H.R. 366) to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to direct the Under Secretary for Management of the Department of H…\"). The member buy $SBUX (a Consumer-sector stock) 3 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-05-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":223,"sector":"Consumer","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take from the Speaker’s table the bill (H.R. 366) to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to direct the Under Secretary for Management of the Department of H","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/05/23/CREC-2017-05-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-26"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/05/23/CREC-2017-05-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2016-05-16_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 1 day after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 907-word floor speech on 2016-05-16 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 4743, the National Cybersecurity Pre- paredness Consortium Act of 2016. This bill allows the Department of Homeland Security to work with a cybersecurity consor-…\"). The member buy $GOOGL (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-05-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":907,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 4743, the National Cybersecurity Pre- paredness Consortium Act of 2016. This bill allows the Department of Homeland Security to work with a cybersecurity consor-","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/16/162/77/CREC-2016-05-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/16/162/77/CREC-2016-05-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001157_2015-12-10_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MMM 8 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Michael McCaul delivered a 264-word floor speech on 2015-12-10 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I have no more speakers. If the gentlewoman from Texas has no further speakers, I am prepared to close once the gentle- woman does. Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman ver…\"). The member sell $MMM (a Industrials-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-12-10","chamber":"House","wordCount":264,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I have no more speakers. If the gentlewoman from Texas has no further speakers, I am prepared to close once the gentle- woman does. Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman ver","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/12/10/161/179/CREC-2015-12-10-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/12/10/161/179/CREC-2015-12-10-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_M001157_2020-03-27","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"215 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-03-27 — 133 unique tickers","explanation":"Michael McCaul executed 215 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-03-27 to 2020-04-03), spanning 133 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-03-27","windowEnd":"2020-04-03","tradeCount":215,"uniqueTickers":133,"totalDisclosedTrades":16271,"sampleTickers":["NESC","KR","HELE","STAY","SYY","EGP","NTR","MNST","CPF","UMC"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001157","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 625 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Michael McCaul appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 625 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (430); lobby spike trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (26); insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":625,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":430},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":20},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":19},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":14},{"type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","count":11},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","count":5}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001157","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_M001157","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael McCaul named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Michael McCaul appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Michael McCaul.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Michael McCaul","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-michael-mccaul/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-michael-mccaul/"]},{"id":"P109_M001157","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael McCaul named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.1M total receipts) — top: TEAM MCCAUL TEXAS VICTORY","explanation":"Michael McCaul appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM MCCAUL TEXAS VICTORY (C00573246, $5.1M receipts, treasurer JULIA C MILLER). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.13,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00573246","name":"TEAM MCCAUL TEXAS VICTORY","receipts":5128818.38,"treasurer":"JULIA C MILLER","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573246/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573246/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00573246/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_M001157","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael McCaul draws 30% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.9M PAC / $49.1M total)","explanation":"Michael McCaul's FEC-bulk record shows 30% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.9M of $49.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.87,"lifetimeReceiptsM":49.12,"pacSharePct":30.3,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4TX10093"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX10093/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_M001157","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael McCaul filed 803 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 202 distinct tickers, 268 buys, 535 sells","explanation":"Michael McCaul filed 803 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 268 were buy transactions and 535 were sells, spanning 202 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":803,"distinctTickers":202,"buys":268,"sells":535,"sampleTickers":["ADSK","NFLX","MELI","WDAY","HURN","ORCL","ABT","SPOT","LPX","FCN","MSFT","WWD"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_M001157","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael McCaul disclosed 1870 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 326 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY HWAY $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Michael McCaul has filed 1870 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 326 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY HWAY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-26 · SELL DCI $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-18 · BUY BAX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-17 · BUY MTCH1 $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-02-11.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":1870,"veryHighCount":326,"lowerBoundSum":272651870,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"HWAY","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"DCI","action":"SELL","date":"2026-02-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BAX","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MTCH1","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MTCH1","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-11","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"MTCH1","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-11","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001157","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael McCaul executed 1358 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY NFLX (17d apart)","explanation":"Michael McCaul has 1358 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY NFLX 2022-01-28 → 2022-02-14 (17d) · BUY→SELL NFLX 2022-04-22 → 2022-04-25 (3d) · SELL→BUY NFLX 2022-04-25 → 2022-05-17 (22d) · SELL→BUY NFLX 2024-03-25 → 2024-03-25 (0d) · BUY→SELL NFLX 2024-03-25 → 2024-04-02 (8d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1358,"samples":[{"ticker":"NFLX","days":17,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-01-28","date2":"2022-02-14","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-04-22","date2":"2022-04-25","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","days":22,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-04-25","date2":"2022-05-17","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-03-25","date2":"2024-03-25","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-03-25","date2":"2024-04-02","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-08-08","date2":"2025-08-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","days":26,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-08-21","date2":"2025-09-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"WDAY","days":18,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-08-26","date2":"2024-09-13","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001157","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael McCaul triggers 114 HIGH-severity findings across 28 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Michael McCaul accumulates 114 HIGH-severity findings across 28 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":114,"distinctDetectorTypes":28}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_M001157_2019-12-12","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael McCaul — 117 trades on 2019-12-12","explanation":"Michael McCaul disclosed 117 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2019-12-12). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2019-12-12","count":117}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001157","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael McCaul — 98% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (15945/16271)","explanation":"Michael McCaul's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 98% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":16271,"atBracket":15945,"pct":"98.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001157","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael McCaul — 1167 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Michael McCaul has traded 1167 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":1167,"sample":["ADSK","NFLX","MELI","WDAY","HURN","ORCL","ABT","SPOT","LPX","FCN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_M001157","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael McCaul — 50 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Michael McCaul disclosed 50 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":16271,"noTickerTrades":50}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001157_VRNG","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael McCaul — 215 disclosed trades in single ticker VRNG","explanation":"Michael McCaul traded VRNG on 215 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the VRNG trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"VRNG","count":215}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_M001157","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael McCaul — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Michael McCaul has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["UBER","PINS"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P37_M001157_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+405 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Michael McCaul accumulated 430 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 405 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 405 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":405,"totalRaw":430,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":405,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001157"]}],"M001217":[{"id":"P1_M001217_3frfv1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TXN 1d after HR 217 — \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded TXN (Technology) within 1 days of HR 217 \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-10-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 217","title":"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20217"]},{"id":"P1_M001217_mos5fg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY DELL 1d after HR 217 — \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded DELL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 217 \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","date":"2025-10-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 217","title":"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20217"]},{"id":"P1_M001217_64vz6p","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY GS 1d after HR 192 — \"Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GS (Finance) within 1 days of HR 192 \"Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-10-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 192","title":"Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20192"]},{"id":"P1_M001217_j7bxb4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AVGO 1d after HR 217 — \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AVGO (Technology) within 1 days of HR 217 \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-10-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 217","title":"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20217"]},{"id":"P1_M001217_tfiqy6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AXP 1d after HR 192 — \"Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AXP (Finance) within 1 days of HR 192 \"Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-10-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 192","title":"Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20192"]},{"id":"P1_M001217_43lqxr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CSCO 1d after HR 217 — \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded CSCO (Technology) within 1 days of HR 217 \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2025-10-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 217","title":"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20217"]},{"id":"P1_M001217_1tuhal","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GS 0d BEFORE HR 2689 — \"To amend the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to tr…\"","explanation":"Member traded GS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 2689 \"To amend the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to transfer authorities and duties \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-04-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2689","title":"To amend the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to transfer authorities and duties of registered national securities associ","introducedDate":"2025-04-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202689"]},{"id":"P1_M001217_ihyua4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AVGO 10d BEFORE HR 7572 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded AVGO (Technology) within 10 days of HR 7572 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-03-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7572","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-10}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207572"]},{"id":"P2_M001217_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $26,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $26,500 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":26500,"count":6,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Accountability","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/jared-moskowitz/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Moskowitz","https://moskowitz.house.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P2_M001217_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Accountability","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/jared-moskowitz/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Moskowitz","https://moskowitz.house.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P2_M001217_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Accountability","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/jared-moskowitz/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Moskowitz","https://moskowitz.house.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P2_M001217_4pduwc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (E gave $3,370 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $3,370 from ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (EDAF PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (EDAF PAC)","total":3370.27,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Accountability","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/jared-moskowitz/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Moskowitz","https://moskowitz.house.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P3_M001217_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 10 BUYS vs 6 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":10,"sells":6,"netBuy":4,"total":16}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_M001217_Energy","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy trades filed 156d late on avg — overall avg only 115d","explanation":"In Energy (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 155.9 days — versus 115.2 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":16,"avgGap":156},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":206,"avgGap":115},{"source":"pac","sector":"Energy","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_M001217_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$262,427 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $262,427 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":262426.56,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P10_M001217_2eklq2","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $240,593 / spent $130,746","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00831362","cmteName":"THE MPIRE STRIKES PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":122242.9,"totalDisbursements":113698.1,"cashOnHand":8544.81},{"cmteId":"C00831362","cmteName":"THE MPIRE STRIKES PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":118350,"totalDisbursements":17047.9,"cashOnHand":109846.95}],"totalRaised":240592.9,"totalSpent":130746}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001217_10r0hp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,435 donation spike on 2024-02-20 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-02-20 this committee recorded $72,435 across 37 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,810.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00807628","date":"2024-02-20","amount":72435,"count":37,"baseline":6810,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807628/"]},{"id":"P17_M001217_TSCO_2025-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TSCO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-02 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on TSCO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","date":"2025-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TSCO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000459","name":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-02 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_NEE_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_NEE_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"L000560","name":"Rick Larsen"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_NEE_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"L000560","name":"Rick Larsen"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_ABT_2024-07-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-07-02 and 2024-07-05, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2024-07-02 to 2024-07-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_TXN_2025-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-31 and 2025-04-07, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2025-03-31 to 2025-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_TXN_2025-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-31 and 2025-04-07, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2025-03-31 to 2025-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_TXN_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_TXN_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_AVGO_2024-06-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-06-28 and 2024-07-05, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2024-06-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2024-06-28 to 2024-07-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_RTX_2023-09-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-21 and 2023-09-27, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2023-09-21 to 2023-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_AMGN_2025-04-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AMGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-09 and 2025-04-16, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on AMGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-04-09","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AMGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2025-04-09 to 2025-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_CAT_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001217_CAT_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001217_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jared Moskowitz executed 16 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","date":"2025-12-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2024-11-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2024-11-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Implementation of the Administrative False Claims Act","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-11-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Class E Airspace; Edenton, NC","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-03-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001217_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"46 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jared Moskowitz executed 46 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-10-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-10-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-10-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2025-10-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Blackspotted and Rougheye Rockfish in the Central Aleutian and West","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-09-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Blackspotted and Rougheye Rockfish in the Central Aleutian and West","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-09-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001217_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jared Moskowitz executed 24 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-10-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-04-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WST","date":"2025-02-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Microbiology Devices; Reclassification of Antigen, Antibody, and Nucleic Acid-Based Hepatitis B Virus Assay Devices","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-09-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Buprenorphine Treatment via Telemedicine Encounter and Continuity of Care via Telemedicine for Veterans Aff","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001217_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jared Moskowitz executed 25 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-10-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-10-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-10-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-10-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of Compliance Dates for Electronic Submission of Certain Materials Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; ","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-09-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of Compliance Dates for Electronic Submission of Certain Materials Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; ","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-09-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001217_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jared Moskowitz executed 7 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-4,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2024-07-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-07-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to U.S. Navy Repair and Rep","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-10-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001217_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jared Moskowitz executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNI","date":"2025-01-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":1,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2025 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001217_novpnb","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jared Moskowitz campaign paid $672,551 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz's campaign paid 106 disbursements totaling $672,551 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","total":166155.06,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-08-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-07-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2004-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","total":158643.75,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-01-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-04-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. 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TAKE BACK THE HOUSE JFC TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"moskowitz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOSKOWITZ, CHERNA","amount":8400,"date":"2020-10-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"moskowitz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JANICA%20KYRIACOPOULOS"]},{"id":"P20_M001217_8yy8at","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on committees overseeing Defense, Legal, Technology and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2024-02-13","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001217_Energy","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy BUYs filed 156d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Energy (10 buys vs 6 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":16,"avgGap":156,"buys":10,"sells":6},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":206,"avgGap":115}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001217_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 124d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (16 buys vs 8 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":24,"avgGap":124,"buys":16,"sells":8},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":206,"avgGap":115}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001217_Consumer","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Consumer BUYs filed 172d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Consumer (20 buys vs 9 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Consumer","count":29,"avgGap":172,"buys":20,"sells":9},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":206,"avgGap":115}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001217","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 4.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 266 disclosed trades, 75 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 4.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":75,"total":266,"rate":28.2},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":4.38}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_M001217","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on committees regulating Defense, Legal, Technology and actively trades in Technology, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":46},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001217","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 distinct pattern types firing; 3 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy + 2 more)","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz has findings in 14 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 3 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":14,"totalFindings":44,"highSeverityCount":13,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Defense","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001217_GOOG_20231228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2023-12-27","adsh":"0001209191-23-059823","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_C_20230714","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $C 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $C 1 day after a corporate insider (SLTA V (GP), L.L.C.  (CIK 0001737652)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"SLTA V (GP), L.L.C.  (CIK 0001737652)","filingDate":"2023-07-13","adsh":"0000899243-23-017390","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_ATO_20241108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ATO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ATO 1 day after a corporate insider (Forsythe Christopher T  (CIK 0001462918)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATO","filer":"Forsythe Christopher T  (CIK 0001462918)","filingDate":"2024-11-07","adsh":"0001127602-24-026693","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_ACN_20241108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ACN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ACN 2 days after a corporate insider (McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)","filingDate":"2024-11-06","adsh":"0001467373-24-000305","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_CB_20240705","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CB 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $CB 2 days after a corporate insider (Lupica John J  (CIK 0001527836)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"Lupica John J  (CIK 0001527836)","filingDate":"2024-07-03","adsh":"0001213900-24-058797","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_PNC_20240705","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PNC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $PNC 2 days after a corporate insider (Feldstein Andrew T  (CIK 0001584585)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNC","filer":"Feldstein Andrew T  (CIK 0001584585)","filingDate":"2024-07-03","adsh":"0001628280-24-031034","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_KMB_20240201","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KMB 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $KMB 2 days after a corporate insider (SMUCKER MARK T  (CIK 0001251544)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMB","filer":"SMUCKER MARK T  (CIK 0001251544)","filingDate":"2024-01-30","adsh":"0001225208-24-001272","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_ELV_20241108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ELV 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ELV 3 days after a corporate insider (Kendrick Charles Morgan JR  (CIK 0001887908)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Kendrick Charles Morgan JR  (CIK 0001887908)","filingDate":"2024-11-05","adsh":"0001156039-24-000133","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_ORCL_20250407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ORCL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ORCL 3 days after a corporate insider (SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0001127602-25-011732","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_AMZN_20241108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2024-11-05","adsh":"0001018724-24-000167","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_SHW_20251010","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SHW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $SHW 3 days after a corporate insider (Williams Thomas  (CIK 0001320730)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHW","filer":"Williams Thomas  (CIK 0001320730)","filingDate":"2025-10-07","adsh":"0001320730-25-000008","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_TJX_20250310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TJX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $TJX 3 days after a corporate insider (Herrman Ernie  (CIK 0001388774)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"Herrman Ernie  (CIK 0001388774)","filingDate":"2025-03-07","adsh":"0000950170-25-035649","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_APD_20240201","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $APD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $APD 3 days after a corporate insider (Davis Lisa Ann  (CIK 0001706496)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APD","filer":"Davis Lisa Ann  (CIK 0001706496)","filingDate":"2024-01-29","adsh":"0001225208-24-001198","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_NEE_20250407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NEE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $NEE 3 days after a corporate insider (YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0001020710-25-000058","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_NEE_20230224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NEE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $NEE 3 days after a corporate insider (Dunne Michael  (CIK 0001960457)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"Dunne Michael  (CIK 0001960457)","filingDate":"2023-02-21","adsh":"0001062993-23-004146","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_SO_20240705","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $SO 3 days after a corporate insider (McElhatton Todd  (CIK 0001815346)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SO","filer":"McElhatton Todd  (CIK 0001815346)","filingDate":"2024-07-02","adsh":"0001423774-24-000190","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_TSCO_20250407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSCO 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $TSCO 4 days after a corporate insider (Ham Margaret M  (CIK 0001989273)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Ham Margaret M  (CIK 0001989273)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0000916365-25-000081","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_ELV_20240213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ELV 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ELV 4 days after a corporate insider (PERU RAMIRO G  (CIK 0001192045)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"PERU RAMIRO G  (CIK 0001192045)","filingDate":"2024-02-09","adsh":"0001156039-24-000012","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_STE_20230714","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $STE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $STE 4 days after a corporate insider (Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STE","filer":"Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)","filingDate":"2023-07-10","adsh":"0000950103-23-010094","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_AMZN_20240705","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $AMZN 4 days after a corporate insider (Zapolsky David  (CIK 0001557979)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Zapolsky David  (CIK 0001557979)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001018724-24-000116","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_LIN_20240705","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LIN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $LIN 4 days after a corporate insider (DCM IV L P  (CIK 0001292877)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"DCM IV L P  (CIK 0001292877)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001857816-24-000172","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_NVDA_20240705","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $NVDA 4 days after a corporate insider (BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001045810-24-000197","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_TXN_20241108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TXN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $TXN 4 days after a corporate insider (Gary Mark  (CIK 0001821977)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXN","filer":"Gary Mark  (CIK 0001821977)","filingDate":"2024-11-04","adsh":"0001127602-24-026399","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_CMCSA_20240705","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $CMCSA 4 days after a corporate insider (Baltimore Thomas J Jr  (CIK 0001390946)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Baltimore Thomas J Jr  (CIK 0001390946)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001225208-24-007084","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_ELV_20250310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ELV 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $ELV 5 days after a corporate insider (Kaye Mark  (CIK 0001748691)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Kaye Mark  (CIK 0001748691)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001156039-25-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001217_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz accumulated 28 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_TSCO_20240701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSCO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $TSCO 1 day before a corporate insider (Krishnan Ramkumar  (CIK 0001689525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Krishnan Ramkumar  (CIK 0001689525)","filingDate":"2024-07-02","adsh":"0000916365-24-000079"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_ELV_20250310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ELV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $ELV 1 day before a corporate insider (Penczek Ronald W  (CIK 0001659075)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Penczek Ronald W  (CIK 0001659075)","filingDate":"2025-03-11","adsh":"0001156039-25-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_GOOG_20231228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $GOOG 1 day before a corporate insider (WALKER JOHN KENT  (CIK 0001238734)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"WALKER JOHN KENT  (CIK 0001238734)","filingDate":"2023-12-29","adsh":"0001209191-23-060025"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_PEP_20251202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PEP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $PEP 1 day before a corporate insider (Bailey Jennifer  (CIK 0001974722)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"Bailey Jennifer  (CIK 0001974722)","filingDate":"2025-12-03","adsh":"0001974722-25-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_MDLZ_20240201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MDLZ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $MDLZ 1 day before a corporate insider (McNamara Brian James  (CIK 0002007216)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDLZ","filer":"McNamara Brian James  (CIK 0002007216)","filingDate":"2024-02-02","adsh":"0000950170-24-010492"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_NVDA_20250311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)","filingDate":"2025-03-12","adsh":"0001045810-25-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_SO_20250407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $SO 1 day before a corporate insider (Cavanaugh Robert N  (CIK 0001453957)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SO","filer":"Cavanaugh Robert N  (CIK 0001453957)","filingDate":"2025-04-08","adsh":"0001415889-25-010334"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_UNH_20240213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNH 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $UNH 2 days before a corporate insider (McSweeney Erin  (CIK 0001645325)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"McSweeney Erin  (CIK 0001645325)","filingDate":"2024-02-15","adsh":"0000731766-24-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_ADI_20230327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ADI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ADI 2 days before a corporate insider (Call Matthew  (CIK 0001816207)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"Call Matthew  (CIK 0001816207)","filingDate":"2023-03-29","adsh":"0001209191-23-021566"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_PNC_20240701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PNC 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $PNC 2 days before a corporate insider (Feldstein Andrew T  (CIK 0001584585)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNC","filer":"Feldstein Andrew T  (CIK 0001584585)","filingDate":"2024-07-03","adsh":"0001628280-24-031034"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_ATO_20251202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ATO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ATO 2 days before a corporate insider (DONOHUE SEAN  (CIK 0001758743)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATO","filer":"DONOHUE SEAN  (CIK 0001758743)","filingDate":"2025-12-04","adsh":"0000731802-25-000058"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_NEE_20240213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $NEE 3 days before a corporate insider (Stahlkopf Deborah L  (CIK 0001873299)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"Stahlkopf Deborah L  (CIK 0001873299)","filingDate":"2024-02-16","adsh":"0001062993-24-003485"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_PEG_20251202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PEG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $PEG 3 days before a corporate insider (Deese Willie A  (CIK 0001328766)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEG","filer":"Deese Willie A  (CIK 0001328766)","filingDate":"2025-12-05","adsh":"0001225208-25-009713"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_AOS_20230714","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AOS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $AOS 3 days before a corporate insider (Scheppele Stephanie Melissa  (CIK 0001822560)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AOS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AOS","filer":"Scheppele Stephanie Melissa  (CIK 0001822560)","filingDate":"2023-07-17","adsh":"0000091142-23-000076"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_FDS_20240201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FDS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $FDS 4 days before a corporate insider (Stern Rachel Rebecca  (CIK 0001588985)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FDS","filer":"Stern Rachel Rebecca  (CIK 0001588985)","filingDate":"2024-02-05","adsh":"0001013237-24-000029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_ORCL_20241108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ORCL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ORCL 4 days before a corporate insider (SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)","filingDate":"2024-11-12","adsh":"0001127602-24-027110"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_SHW_20240705","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SHW 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $SHW 4 days before a corporate insider (ANDERSON KERRII B  (CIK 0001227159)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHW","filer":"ANDERSON KERRII B  (CIK 0001227159)","filingDate":"2024-07-09","adsh":"0000089800-24-000099"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_QCOM_20241108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $QCOM 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $QCOM 4 days before a corporate insider (THOMPSON JAMES H  (CIK 0001559656)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"THOMPSON JAMES H  (CIK 0001559656)","filingDate":"2024-11-12","adsh":"0001888316-24-000076"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_ATO_20241108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ATO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $ATO 4 days before a corporate insider (Geiser Edward  (CIK 0001839074)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATO","filer":"Geiser Edward  (CIK 0001839074)","filingDate":"2024-11-12","adsh":"0001127602-24-026902"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_DG_20231228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $DG 5 days before a corporate insider (GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)","filingDate":"2024-01-02","adsh":"0000897069-24-000032"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_DIS_20231228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $DIS 5 days before a corporate insider (Everson Carolyn  (CIK 0001577369)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Everson Carolyn  (CIK 0001577369)","filingDate":"2024-01-02","adsh":"0001744489-24-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_DIS_20230714","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $DIS 5 days before a corporate insider (Coleman Sonia L  (CIK 0001969984)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Coleman Sonia L  (CIK 0001969984)","filingDate":"2023-07-19","adsh":"0001744489-23-000161"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_MRK_20231228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MRK 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $MRK 5 days before a corporate insider (Coe Mary Ellen  (CIK 0001691304)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Coe Mary Ellen  (CIK 0001691304)","filingDate":"2024-01-02","adsh":"0001127602-24-000129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_CMI_20241108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CMI 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz buy $CMI 5 days before a corporate insider (Di Leo Allen Bruno V  (CIK 0001538976)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMI","filer":"Di Leo Allen Bruno V  (CIK 0001538976)","filingDate":"2024-11-13","adsh":"0001225208-24-009900"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_SYY_20231228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYY 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sell $SYY 5 days before a corporate insider (SHIRLEY EDWARD D  (CIK 0001203097)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYY","filer":"SHIRLEY EDWARD D  (CIK 0001203097)","filingDate":"2024-01-02","adsh":"0000096021-24-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001217_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+29 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz accumulated 54 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 29 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":29,"totalRaw":54}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_M001217_International_Union_of_Painter_118767","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"International Union of Painters and Allied Trades testified before House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement, which on 2025-12-17 held a hearing titled \"“The Impacts of Temporary Protected Status”\". The witness Mr. James Williams (International Union of Painters and Allied Trades) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement","eventId":"118767","title":"“The Impacts of Temporary Protected Status”","date":"2025-12-17T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Williams","witnessOrg":"International Union of Painters and Allied Trades","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118767"},{"source":"donor","name":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INT'L%20UNION%20OF%20BRICKLAYERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20CRAFTWORKERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118767","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INT'L%20UNION%20OF%20BRICKLAYERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20CRAFTWORKERS"]},{"id":"P48_M001217_118161","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 14 days before a Technology hearing in House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe, which on 2025-04-29 held a hearing titled \"Shaping the Future of Cyber Diplomacy: Review for State Department Reauthorization\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $NVDA (a Technology-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe","eventId":"118161","title":"Shaping the Future of Cyber Diplomacy: Review for State Department Reauthorization","date":"2025-04-29T18:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118161"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118161","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001217_118081","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 4 days after a Technology hearing in House Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on House Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"“Artificial Intelligence: Examining Trends in Innovation and Competition”\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $AMZN (a Technology-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative State, Regulatory Reform, and Antitrust","eventId":"118081","title":"“Artificial Intelligence: Examining Trends in Innovation and Competition”","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118081"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118081","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001217_118065","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 12 days after a Defense hearing in House Judiciary","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on House Judiciary, which on 2025-03-25 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 38, the Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act; H.R. 60, the Knife Owners’ Protection Act of 2025; H.R. 2184, the Firearm Due P…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary","eventId":"118065","title":"H.R. 38, the Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act; H.R. 60, the Knife Owners’ Protection Act of 2025; H.R. 2184, the Firearm Due Process Protection Act; H.R. 2255, the Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act; \r\nH.R. 2243, the LEOSA Reform Act of 2025;  H.R. 2267, the NICS Data Reporting Act; and H.R. 2240, the Improving Law Enforcement Officer Safety and Wellness Through Data Act of 2025.","date":"2025-03-25T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118065"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118065","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001217_336785","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABBV 3 days after a Pharma hearing in Senate Judiciary","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on Senate Judiciary, which on 2025-04-03 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.527, to require the Federal Trade Commission to study the role of intermediaries in the pharmaceutical supply…\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member buy $ABBV (a Pharma-sector stock) 3 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Judiciary","eventId":"336785","title":"Business meeting to consider S.527, to require the Federal Trade Commission to study the role of intermediaries in the pharmaceutical supply chain and provide Congress with appropriate policy recommendations, S.1040, to amend the Federal Trade Commission Act to prohibit product hopping, S.1041, to amend title 35, United States Code, to address the infringement of patents that claim biological products, S.1097, to amend title 35, United States Code, to establish an interagency task force between the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Food and Drug Administration for purposes of sharing information and providing technical assistance with respect to patents, S.1095, to enable the Federal Trade Commission to deter filing of sham citizen petitions to cover an attempt to interfere with approval of a competing generic drug or biosimilar, to foster competition, and facilitate the efficient review of petitions filed in good faith to raise legitimate public health concerns, and S.1096, to prohibit brand name drug companies from compensating generic drug companies to delay the entry of a generic drug into the market, and to prohibit biological product manufacturers from compensating biosimilar and interchangeable companies to delay the entry of biosimilar biological products and interchangeable biological products, and the nomination of Patrick David Davis, of Maryland, to be an Assistant Attorney General, Department of Justice.","date":"2025-04-03T14:15:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336785"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336785","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001217_117518","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 6 days before a Telecom hearing in House Judiciary","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on House Judiciary, which on 2024-07-10 held a hearing titled \"Collusion in the Global Alliance for Responsible Media\" — classified as Telecom sector. The member sell $CMCSA (a Telecom-sector stock) 6 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary","eventId":"117518","title":"Collusion in the Global Alliance for Responsible Media","date":"2024-07-10T14:00:00Z","sector":"Telecom","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117518"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","sector":"Telecom","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","sector":"Telecom","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117518","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001217_116761","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 12 days after a Defense hearing in House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, which on 2024-01-31 held a hearing titled \"The Future of Peacekeeping and the Increasing Role of Private Military Companies in Africa\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa","eventId":"116761","title":"The Future of Peacekeeping and the Increasing Role of Private Military Companies in Africa","date":"2024-01-31T19:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116761"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116761","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001217_116283","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMGN 14 days before a Pharma hearing in House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz sits on House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance, which on 2023-07-27 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Drug Enforcement Administration\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member buy $AMGN (a Pharma-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance","eventId":"116283","title":"Oversight of the Drug Enforcement Administration","date":"2023-07-27T14:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116283"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116283","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_M001217","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $105,000","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz received campaign contributions totaling $105,000 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTW ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":105000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001217","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $72,435 on 2024-02-20 (10.6× normal)","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $72,435 on 2024-02-20 — 10.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":72435,"maxRatio":10.6,"maxAmount":72435},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-02-20","amount":72435,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":6810,"count":37,"cmteId":"C00807628","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00807628&min_date=2024-02-20&max_date=2024-02-20"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807628/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00807628&min_date=2024-02-20&max_date=2024-02-20"]},{"id":"P65_M001217_2024-07-01","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"44 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2024-07-01 — 34 unique tickers","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz executed 44 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2024-07-01 to 2024-07-05), spanning 34 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2024-07-01","windowEnd":"2024-07-05","tradeCount":44,"uniqueTickers":34,"totalDisclosedTrades":266,"sampleTickers":["TSCO","FDS","GOOG","BBY","PNC","ELV","LMT","NOC","JNJ","MDLZ"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001217","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 108 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 108 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (14); trade near vote (8); hearing proximity trade (7).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":108,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":14},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":8},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001217","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001217","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jared Moskowitz's campaign paid $30,859 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: MARIAN MOSKOWITZ FOR CHESTER ($10,000)","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $30,859 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MARIAN MOSKOWITZ FOR CHESTER ($10,000 across 1 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":30858.55,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MARIAN MOSKOWITZ FOR CHESTER","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"BROWN MOSKOWITZ AND KALLEN","total":7500,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEES"]},{"payee":"MOSKOWITZ, JEDD I. MR.","total":6738.75,"count":1,"descriptions":["FILING EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"MOSKOWITZ, JEDD I","total":6619.8,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"moskowitz"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2FL22171&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P141_M001217","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jared Moskowitz executed 5 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL GS (3d apart)","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz has 5 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL GS 2025-04-07 → 2025-04-10 (3d) · BUY→SELL MDLZ 2024-07-01 → 2024-07-05 (4d) · BUY→SELL FDS 2024-07-01 → 2024-07-05 (4d) · BUY→SELL WM 2024-07-05 → 2024-07-05 (0d) · BUY→SELL SNA 2024-07-01 → 2024-07-05 (4d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":5,"samples":[{"ticker":"GS","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-07","date2":"2025-04-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MDLZ","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-07-01","date2":"2024-07-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"FDS","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-07-01","date2":"2024-07-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WM","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-07-05","date2":"2024-07-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SNA","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-07-01","date2":"2024-07-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001217","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jared Moskowitz triggers 29 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz accumulates 29 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":29,"distinctDetectorTypes":25}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_M001217_2023-07-14","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jared Moskowitz — 38 trades on 2023-07-14","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz disclosed 38 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-07-14). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-07-14","count":38}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001217","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jared Moskowitz — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (266/266)","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":266,"atBracket":266,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001217","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jared Moskowitz — 99 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Jared Moskowitz has traded 99 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":99,"sample":["ROP","ATO","MCK","PEP","SO","PEG","TXN","AVGO","CSCO","SHW"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001204":[{"id":"P1_M001204_pe9n4o","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 1d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_t9qhg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL QCOM 1d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded QCOM (Technology) within 1 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_a9nxo8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOGL 1d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_m2z98h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 1d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_3e3tea","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL V 1d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 1 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_31uikt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 3d after HR 5058 — \"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials fr…\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 3 days of HR 5058 \"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials from Authoritarians Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-10-01","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5058","title":"Protecting Semiconductor Supply Chain Materials from Authoritarians Act","introducedDate":"2024-09-28","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205058"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_74zmwo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 5759 — \"Post Quantum Cybersecurity Standards Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5759 \"Post Quantum Cybersecurity Standards Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-08-07","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5759","title":"Post Quantum Cybersecurity Standards Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205759"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_ty7zif","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 13d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 13 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-02-20","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_ty7zif","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 13d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 13 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-02-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_M001204_p2vsbu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 9d after SRES 309 — \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Intern…\" · sponsor D-OR","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 9 days of SRES 309 \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small bus\", sponsored by Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2022-01-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 309","title":"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small businesses.","introducedDate":"2022-01-12","daysDiff":9,"sponsorName":"Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]","sponsorBioguide":"W000779","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"OR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20309"]},{"id":"P10_M001204_a7z3y5","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $269,208 / spent $256,278","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00708172","cmteName":"PA-FIRST PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":12500,"totalDisbursements":4100,"cashOnHand":8400},{"cmteId":"C00708172","cmteName":"PA-FIRST PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":26800,"totalDisbursements":17066,"cashOnHand":18134},{"cmteId":"C00708172","cmteName":"PA-FIRST PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":116340.5,"totalDisbursements":112675.6,"cashOnHand":21798.9},{"cmteId":"C00708172","cmteName":"PA-FIRST PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":113567.5,"totalDisbursements":122436.8,"cashOnHand":12929.56}],"totalRaised":269208,"totalSpent":256278.40000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001204_9349b4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $3,232,738 in itemized individual contributions, $2,145,282 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3232738,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-169136,"$200.01-$499":128462,"$500-$999":302378,"$1000-$1999":825752,"$2000 and over":2145282},"megaShare":66.4,"smallDonorShare":-5.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001204_it0niu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,350 donation spike on 2021-06-28 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-28 this committee recorded $84,350 across 70 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,724.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00654723","date":"2021-06-28","amount":84350,"count":70,"baseline":6724,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654723/"]},{"id":"P15_M001204_v42yz4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,650 donation spike on 2025-11-13 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-13 this committee recorded $57,650 across 43 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,272.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00654723","date":"2025-11-13","amount":57650,"count":43,"baseline":8272,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654723/"]},{"id":"P17_M001204_CB_2020-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-31 and 2020-04-02, 3 members took the same direction on CB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","date":"2020-03-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001204","name":"Daniel Meuser"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2020-03-31 to 2020-04-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001204_QCOM_2019-06-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-06-03 and 2019-06-06, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2019-06-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001204","name":"Daniel Meuser"}],"span":"2019-06-03 to 2019-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001204_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Daniel Meuser executed 28 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-02-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-01-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-01-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-02-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delete, Delete, Delete","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Commercial Fishing Operations; Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan; Change to Gil","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001204_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Daniel Meuser executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-02-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2019-12-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs: Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment and Ambulatory Surgical Center Payment Systems; ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-01-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties for Inflation; Continuation of Effectiveness and ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001204_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Daniel Meuser executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Lacey Act Implementation Plan: De Minimis Exception","agency":"Agriculture Department, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","date":"2020-03-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001204_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Daniel Meuser executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2020-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Exclusion of Demurrage Regulation From Certain Class Exemptions","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001204_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Daniel Meuser executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2019-12-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Relating to Withholding and Reporting Tax on Certain U.S. Source Income Paid to Foreign Persons","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001204_myp423","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Daniel Meuser campaign paid $111,524 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: DATWYLER, THOMAS","explanation":"Daniel Meuser's campaign paid 95 disbursements totaling $111,524 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MEUSER, MARK","total":16332.6,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MEUSER, MARK","amount":10929.76,"date":"2018-12-14","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"meuser","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MEUSER, MARK","amount":5402.84,"date":"2016-05-12","description":"TRAVEL- MILEAGE","surnameMatched":"meuser","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHIAZZA, LOUIS","total":10250.41,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHIAZZA, LOUIS","amount":4990,"date":"2022-10-31","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"schiazza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCHIAZZA, LOUIS","amount":2975,"date":"2022-11-03","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"schiazza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCHIAZZA, LOUIS","amount":1050.65,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"schiazza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","total":7934.4400000000005,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":1550,"date":"2014-02-03","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":975,"date":"2014-01-29","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":951,"date":"2013-10-17","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","total":7445.3,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":2445.3,"date":"2014-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":2000,"date":"2008-08-21","description":"INTERN STIPEND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":1000,"date":"2014-07-31","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING-CANDIDATE INKIND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARK MEUSER FOR U.S. SENATE","total":5800,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARK MEUSER FOR U.S. SENATE","amount":5800,"date":"2022-09-30","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM LORRAINE RAUCCI","surnameMatched":"meuser","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DATWYLER"]},{"id":"P22_M001204_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Daniel Meuser cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-01-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":10,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001204","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"76% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 11.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 55 disclosed trades, 42 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 11.9× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":42,"total":55,"rate":76.4},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":11.86}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001204","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"Daniel Meuser has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_M001204_GOOGL_20250211","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2025-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Daniel Meuser executed a sell in GOOGL during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-11","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001204_NVDA_20250211","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2025-Q1 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Daniel Meuser executed a sell in NVDA during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-11","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001204_NVDA_20241001","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2024-Q3 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Daniel Meuser executed a sell in NVDA during 2024-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-01","quarter":"2024-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q3","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001204_NVDA_20240807","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2024-Q3 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Daniel Meuser executed a sell in NVDA during 2024-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07","quarter":"2024-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q3","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001204_NVDA_20240220","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2024-Q1 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Daniel Meuser executed a sell in NVDA during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-20","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001204_NVDA_20230814","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2023-Q3 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Daniel Meuser executed a sell in NVDA during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-14","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001204_NVDA_20230531","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2023-Q2 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Daniel Meuser executed a sell in NVDA during 2023-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-31","quarter":"2023-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q2","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001204_AMGN_20250211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMGN 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Daniel Meuser sell $AMGN 5 days after a corporate insider (Grygiel Nancy A.  (CIK 0001816414)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"Grygiel Nancy A.  (CIK 0001816414)","filingDate":"2025-02-06","adsh":"0001127602-25-003500","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001204_XOM_20200331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $XOM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Daniel Meuser sell $XOM 2 days before a corporate insider (Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012570"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001204_NSC_20200331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NSC 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Daniel Meuser sell $NSC 2 days before a corporate insider (KELLEHER THOMAS COLM  (CIK 0001413097)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NSC","filer":"KELLEHER THOMAS COLM  (CIK 0001413097)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-005840"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001204_MDLZ_20250211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDLZ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Daniel Meuser sell $MDLZ 3 days before a corporate insider (Gruber Vinzenz P.  (CIK 0001761351)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDLZ","filer":"Gruber Vinzenz P.  (CIK 0001761351)","filingDate":"2025-02-14","adsh":"0001103982-25-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001204_GOOG_20200330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Daniel Meuser buy $GOOG 4 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023000"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001204_NVDA_20230531","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Daniel Meuser sell $NVDA 5 days before a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2023-06-05","adsh":"0001045810-23-000105"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001204_GOOGL_20250211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Daniel Meuser sell $GOOGL 8 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-02-19","adsh":"0000950170-25-022825"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001204_NVDA_20241001","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Daniel Meuser sell $NVDA 10 days before a corporate insider (STEVENS MARK A  (CIK 0001199039)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"STEVENS MARK A  (CIK 0001199039)","filingDate":"2024-10-11","adsh":"0001045810-24-000298"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P62_M001204","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $84,350 on 2021-06-28 (12.5× normal)","explanation":"Daniel Meuser's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $84,350 on 2021-06-28 — 12.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":84350,"maxRatio":12.5,"maxAmount":84350},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-28","amount":84350,"ratio":12.5,"baselineDaily":6724,"count":70,"cmteId":"C00654723","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00654723&min_date=2021-06-28&max_date=2021-06-28"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654723/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00654723&min_date=2021-06-28&max_date=2021-06-28"]},{"id":"P65_M001204_2020-03-26","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"21 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-03-26 — 12 unique tickers","explanation":"Daniel Meuser executed 21 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-03-26 to 2020-04-02), spanning 12 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-03-26","windowEnd":"2020-04-02","tradeCount":21,"uniqueTickers":12,"totalDisclosedTrades":55,"sampleTickers":["BP","V","DIS","MSFT","GOOGL","GOOG","XOM","CB","NUE","NSC"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001204","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 42 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Daniel Meuser appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 42 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (10); lobbying timeline trade (7); insider front ran trade (7); reg rule trade proximity (5); daily donation spike (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":42,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":10},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001204","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001204","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel Meuser's campaign paid $22,133 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: MEUSER, MARK ($16,333)","explanation":"Daniel Meuser's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $22,133 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MEUSER, MARK ($16,333 across 2 payments, services: RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING · TRAVEL- MILEAGE). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":22132.600000000002,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MEUSER, MARK","total":16332.6,"count":2,"descriptions":["RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","TRAVEL- MILEAGE"]},{"payee":"MARK MEUSER FOR U.S. SENATE","total":5800,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM LORRAINE RAUCCI"]}],"surname":"meuser"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8PA10147&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P140_M001204","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Daniel Meuser disclosed 7 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 5 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL NVDA $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Daniel Meuser has filed 7 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 5 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL NVDA $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-02-11 · SELL NVDA $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2024-10-01 · SELL NVDA $250,001 - $500,000 on 2024-08-07 · SELL NVDA $250,001 - $500,000 on 2024-02-20.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":7,"veryHighCount":5,"lowerBoundSum":1700007,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","date":"2024-10-01","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","date":"2024-08-07","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","date":"2024-02-20","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","date":"2023-08-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","date":"2023-05-31","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001204","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel Meuser executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL MSFT (1d apart)","explanation":"Daniel Meuser has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL MSFT 2020-03-30 → 2020-03-31 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"MSFT","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-30","date2":"2020-03-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_M001204","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel Meuser — 91% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (50/55)","explanation":"Daniel Meuser's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 91% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":55,"atBracket":50,"pct":"90.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001204_NVDA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel Meuser — 14 disclosed trades in single ticker NVDA","explanation":"Daniel Meuser traded NVDA on 14 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NVDA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NVDA","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001190":[{"id":"P1_M001190_rjp2cf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY UNH 0d BEFORE HR 4120 — \"Supporting the Mental Health of Educators and Staf…\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 4120 \"Supporting the Mental Health of Educators and Staff Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2026-02-25","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4120","title":"Supporting the Mental Health of Educators and Staff Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-25","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204120"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_vvelpp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL INTU 0d BEFORE HR 1892 — \"Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Grant Program A…\"","explanation":"Member traded INTU (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1892 \"Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Grant Program Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1892","title":"Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Grant Program Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-25","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201892"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_invf1q","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GS 0d BEFORE HR 1717 — \"Communications Security Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1717 \"Communications Security Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2026-02-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1717","title":"Communications Security Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201717"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_lkk4kr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ADBE 0d BEFORE HR 1736 — \"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ADBE (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1736 \"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","date":"2026-02-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1736","title":"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201736"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_t8gjvf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY C 0d BEFORE HR 1717 — \"Communications Security Act\"","explanation":"Member traded C (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1717 \"Communications Security Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1717","title":"Communications Security Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201717"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_dzkign","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CRS 0d BEFORE HR 1736 — \"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CRS (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1736 \"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRS","date":"2026-02-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1736","title":"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201736"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_b6sufu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL DELL 0d BEFORE HR 1736 — \"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded DELL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1736 \"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","date":"2026-02-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1736","title":"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201736"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_1i0y4q","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CRS 0d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CRS (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRS","date":"2026-01-05","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_y23owo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ADBE 0d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ADBE (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","date":"2026-01-05","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_gqx3d4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY C 0d BEFORE HR 6892 — \"To authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to subs…\"","explanation":"Member traded C (Finance) within 0 days of HR 6892 \"To authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to subscribe to additional shares of \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-01-05","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6892","title":"To authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to subscribe to additional shares of the capital stock of the Inter-American ","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206892"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_4bgx3j","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AAPL 7d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 7 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_q13yr1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AMZN 7d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 7 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_5yh8ig","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY META 7d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 7 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_q3j1u6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY LRCX 7d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded LRCX (Technology) within 7 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_qkf1mp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY GOOGL 7d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 7 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_5awlev","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 7d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 7 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_z0t84o","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 7d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 7 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_64hrwn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY COF 2d BEFORE HR 478 — \"Promoting New Bank Formation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded COF (Finance) within 2 days of HR 478 \"Promoting New Bank Formation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","date":"2025-11-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 478","title":"Promoting New Bank Formation Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-12","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20478"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_hpidi4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MSFT 2d BEFORE HR 3218 — \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 2 days of HR 3218 \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-11-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3218","title":"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-05","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203218"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_q25ehc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ISRG 0d BEFORE HRES 708 — \"Recognizing the contributions of medical research…\"","explanation":"Member traded ISRG (Healthcare) within 0 days of HRES 708 \"Recognizing the contributions of medical research and observing \"Medical Researc\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","date":"2025-09-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 708","title":"Recognizing the contributions of medical research and observing \"Medical Research Week\" from September 15 through Septem","introducedDate":"2025-09-24","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20708"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_x73ee8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY VLO 0d BEFORE HR 2674 — \"Department of Homeland Security Climate Change Res…\"","explanation":"Member traded VLO (Energy) within 0 days of HR 2674 \"Department of Homeland Security Climate Change Research Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2025-05-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2674","title":"Department of Homeland Security Climate Change Research Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202674"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_ou01en","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ZTS 2d BEFORE HR 8857 — \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ZTS (Pharma) within 2 days of HR 8857 \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-05-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8857","title":"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208857"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_kagkc4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY CVX 0d BEFORE HR 2674 — \"Department of Homeland Security Climate Change Res…\"","explanation":"Member traded CVX (Energy) within 0 days of HR 2674 \"Department of Homeland Security Climate Change Research Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-05-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2674","title":"Department of Homeland Security Climate Change Research Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202674"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_sgrpcg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL VLO 0d BEFORE HR 2280 — \"BIRD Energy and U.S.-Israel Energy Center Reauthor…\"","explanation":"Member traded VLO (Energy) within 0 days of HR 2280 \"BIRD Energy and U.S.-Israel Energy Center Reauthorization Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2280","title":"BIRD Energy and U.S.-Israel Energy Center Reauthorization Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202280"]},{"id":"P1_M001190_hg15d4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY LLY 8d BEFORE HR 5384 — \"Advancing Enrollment and Reducing Drug Costs Act o…\"","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 8 days of HR 5384 \"Advancing Enrollment and Reducing Drug Costs Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2024-12-11","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5384","title":"Advancing Enrollment and Reducing Drug Costs Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-12-19","daysDiff":-8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205384"]},{"id":"P3_M001190_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 89% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 9 Defense bills, this member voted YES 8 times (89%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":9,"yesCount":8,"yesRate":89},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":5,"sells":0,"netBuy":5,"total":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_M001190_Pharma","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Pharma bills while net-buying Pharma stocks","explanation":"On 2 Pharma bills, this member voted YES 2 times (100%). In the same period they made 8 BUYS vs 3 SELLS in Pharma stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Pharma","totalVotes":2,"yesCount":2,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","buys":8,"sells":3,"netBuy":5,"total":11}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_M001190_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 4 Energy bills, this member voted YES 4 times (100%). In the same period they made 10 BUYS vs 3 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":4,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":10,"sells":3,"netBuy":7,"total":13}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001190_u8c64m","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,034,000 lobbying spike near COF trade","explanation":"COF was lobbied $2,034,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $230,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","date":"2025-11-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"COF","recentTotal":2034000,"baselineAvg":230333,"recordCount":7,"topClients":["CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION","CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001190_kl74s8","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,762,500 lobbying spike near MSFT trade","explanation":"MSFT was lobbied $2,762,500 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $1,080,833/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-11-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"MSFT","recentTotal":2762500,"baselineAvg":1080833,"recordCount":15,"topClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001190_i44x5x","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,945,000 lobbying spike near TMUS trade","explanation":"TMUS was lobbied $3,945,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $1,225,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","date":"2025-11-03","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"TMUS","recentTotal":3945000,"baselineAvg":1225000,"recordCount":16,"topClients":["T-MOBILE USA INC.","T-MOBILE US INC.","T-MOBILE USA"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001190_tvkgmv","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$850,000 lobbying spike near VLO trade","explanation":"VLO was lobbied $850,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2025-05-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"VLO","recentTotal":850000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":8,"topClients":["VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION","VALERO ENERGY CORP.","VALERO ENERGY CORP"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001190_kao5hl","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$310,000 lobbying spike near ZTS trade","explanation":"ZTS was lobbied $310,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-05-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"ZTS","recentTotal":310000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":3,"topClients":["ZOETIS INC.","ZOETIS"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_M001190_i0llb7","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,280,000 lobbying spike near CVX trade","explanation":"CVX was lobbied $3,280,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-05-13","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"CVX","recentTotal":3280000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":5,"topClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. 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Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-26 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_LLY_2023-09-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-12 and 2023-09-13, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-09-12 to 2023-09-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_LLY_2023-09-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-13 and 2023-09-20, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2023-09-13 to 2023-09-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_ZTS_2025-05-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ZTS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-05-13 and 2025-05-19, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ZTS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ZTS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-05-13 to 2025-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_SPGI_2023-09-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SPGI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-26 and 2023-10-03, 4 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on SPGI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SPGI","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-26 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_SPGI_2023-09-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought SPGI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-27 and 2023-10-03, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on SPGI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-09-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SPGI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-27 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_CSX_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CSX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on CSX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CSX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_EMR_2023-09-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-11 and 2023-09-13, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2023-09-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-09-11 to 2023-09-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_COP_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold COP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on COP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"COP","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_COP_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold COP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-08, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on COP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"COP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_ZTS_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ZTS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ZTS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ZTS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_INTU_2026-02-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold INTU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-18 and 2026-02-25, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on INTU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"INTU","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2026-02-18 to 2026-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_INTU_2026-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold INTU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-19 and 2026-02-25, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on INTU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"INTU","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2026-02-19 to 2026-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_INTU_2026-02-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold INTU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-20 and 2026-02-25, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on INTU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"INTU","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2026-02-20 to 2026-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_CMG_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-30 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on CMG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","date":"2025-10-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000110","name":"Cleo Fields"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"}],"span":"2025-10-30 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_CMG_2025-11-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-11-03 and 2025-11-10, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on CMG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","date":"2025-11-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-11-03 to 2025-11-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_TMO_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 7 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":7,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 6 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":6,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_TMO_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_ELV_2023-09-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ELV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-26 and 2023-10-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ELV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ELV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-26 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_TXN_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_TMUS_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMUS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-30 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on TMUS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","date":"2025-10-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMUS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2025-10-30 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_TMUS_2025-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMUS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-31 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on TMUS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMUS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2025-10-31 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_LRCX_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LRCX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-08, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on LRCX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LRCX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001190_LRCX_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LRCX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-08, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on LRCX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LRCX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001190_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin executed 82 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","date":"2026-02-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRS","date":"2026-02-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","date":"2026-02-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delete, Delete, Delete","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Improving the Effectiveness of the Robocall Mitigation Database; CORES Registration System","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001190_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin executed 33 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2026-02-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-01-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Rules To Be Reviewed Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-01-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Rules To Be Reviewed Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-01-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001190_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-02-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-10-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Identification (ID) Cards for Members of the Uniformed Services, Their Dependents, and Other Eligible Individuals; Amend","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-12-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Joint Policies of the Departments of the Interior and of the Army Relative to Reservoir Project Lands; Delay of Effectiv","agency":"Interior Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001190_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin executed 11 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-11-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":5,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Calendar Year 2026 Home Health Prospective Payment System (HH PPS) Rate Update; Requirem","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-12-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; CY 2026 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Pa","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001190_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin executed 13 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Environmental Protection Agency Acquisition Regulation (EPAAR); Special Contracting Methods; Options; Contracts; Withdra","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-12-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Environmental Protection Agency Acquisition Regulation (EPAAR); Special Contracting Methods; Options; Contracts; Withdra","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-12-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001190_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin executed 5 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-24,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2023-10-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-10-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2023-09-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2023-09-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001190_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 61d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (66 buys vs 16 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":82,"avgGap":61,"buys":66,"sells":16},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":235,"avgGap":39}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001190_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 47d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (8 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":11,"avgGap":47,"buys":8,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":235,"avgGap":39}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_M001190_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Finance trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2026-02-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":5,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2026-02-04","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":5,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","daysDiff":18,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":18,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_M001190_Defense","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Defense bills","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin cast Defense-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Defense"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_M001190_Pharma","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Pharma bills","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin cast Pharma-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Pharma"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_M001190_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Healthcare trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Healthcare bills","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin cast Healthcare-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IQV","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Healthcare"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_M001190_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Markwayne Mullin cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":12,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":12,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_M001190_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OK R delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MULLIN, Markwayne voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001190","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing; 6 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Pharma + 5 more)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 6 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":148,"highSeverityCount":35,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Pharma","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":5},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Defense","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_M001190_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+67 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"M001190 accumulated 92 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 67 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 67 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":67,"totalRaw":92,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":67,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001190"]},{"id":"P17_M001190_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"M001190 accumulated 26 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 1 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":1,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001190"]},{"id":"P17_M001190_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"M001190 accumulated 26 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 1 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":1,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001190"]},{"id":"P17_M001190_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin accumulated 26 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 1 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":1,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001190"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_UNH_20260225","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2026-Q1 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in UNH during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-25","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_AAPL_20251229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_MA_20251229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MA in 2025-Q4 while MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in MA during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED, TOWER 19 ON BEHALF OF MASTERCARD INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED","TOWER 19 ON BEHALF OF MASTERCARD INC.","MASTERCARD, INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_AMZN_20251229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2025-Q4 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in AMZN during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_META_20251229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of META in 2025-Q4 while METAVIVOR had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in META during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (METAVIVOR, AMERICAN RHEINMETALL VEHICLES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["METAVIVOR","AMERICAN RHEINMETALL VEHICLES, LLC","AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_GOOGL_20251229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in GOOGL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_MSFT_20251229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q4 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_NVDA_20251229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2025-Q4 while NVIDIA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in NVDA during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA, NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA","NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_JPM_20251229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2025-Q4 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in JPM during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_MSFT_20251103","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q4 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-03","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_CVX_20250513","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2025-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in CVX during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_MSFT_20250213","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-13","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_LLY_20241211","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LLY in 2024-Q4 while ELI LILLY AND COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in LLY during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, ELI LILLY & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","ELI LILLY & COMPANY","LILLY USA, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_AAPL_20240102","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2024-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in AAPL during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-02","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_AAPL_20230913","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2023-Q3 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in AAPL during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_META_20230913","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of META in 2023-Q3 while METAVIVOR RESEARCH AND SUPPORT, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in META during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (METAVIVOR RESEARCH AND SUPPORT, INC., AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["METAVIVOR RESEARCH AND SUPPORT, INC.","AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY","META LOGIC CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001190_AMZN_20230913","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2023-Q3 while TEAM HALLAHAN LLC ON BEHALF OF AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed a buy in AMZN during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TEAM HALLAHAN LLC ON BEHALF OF AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC., AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["TEAM HALLAHAN LLC ON BEHALF OF AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC.","AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC","AMAZON CORPORATE LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_EW_20230913","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $EW 1 day after a corporate insider (Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)","filingDate":"2023-09-12","adsh":"0000899243-23-018735","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_ZTS_20250408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ZTS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $ZTS 1 day after a corporate insider (Joseph Wetteny  (CIK 0001285781)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"Joseph Wetteny  (CIK 0001285781)","filingDate":"2025-04-07","adsh":"0001555280-25-000185","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_ZTS_20240403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ZTS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $ZTS 1 day after a corporate insider (Hattersley Gavin  (CIK 0001552809)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"Hattersley Gavin  (CIK 0001552809)","filingDate":"2024-04-02","adsh":"0001555280-24-000217","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_PYPL_20240104","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $PYPL 1 day after a corporate insider (Sarnoff Ann  (CIK 0001391389)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Sarnoff Ann  (CIK 0001391389)","filingDate":"2024-01-03","adsh":"0001633917-24-000012","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_IQV_20250213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IQV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $IQV 1 day after a corporate insider (Sherbet Eric  (CIK 0001679512)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IQV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IQV","filer":"Sherbet Eric  (CIK 0001679512)","filingDate":"2025-02-12","adsh":"0001478242-25-000040","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_ETN_20241218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ETN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $ETN 1 day after a corporate insider (Yelton Michael  (CIK 0001964445)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"Yelton Michael  (CIK 0001964445)","filingDate":"2024-12-17","adsh":"0001104659-24-129451","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_AXON_20241218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AXON 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $AXON 1 day after a corporate insider (Spaventa Andrew  (CIK 0001859701)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXON","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXON","filer":"Spaventa Andrew  (CIK 0001859701)","filingDate":"2024-12-17","adsh":"0000950170-24-137425","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_PH_20240612","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $PH 2 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2024-06-10","adsh":"0001539497-24-001194","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_UNP_20230913","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $UNP 2 days after a corporate insider (Rynaski Todd M.  (CIK 0001650791)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"Rynaski Todd M.  (CIK 0001650791)","filingDate":"2023-09-11","adsh":"0000100885-23-000184","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_CRDO_20260204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CRDO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $CRDO 2 days after a corporate insider (Sutardja, Pantas  (CIK 0001134282)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRDO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRDO","filer":"Sutardja, Pantas  (CIK 0001134282)","filingDate":"2026-02-02","adsh":"0001628280-26-004627","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_PODD_20231222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PODD 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $PODD 4 days after a corporate insider (BORIO LUCIANA  (CIK 0001859226)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PODD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PODD","filer":"BORIO LUCIANA  (CIK 0001859226)","filingDate":"2023-12-18","adsh":"0001127602-23-029804","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_FCFS_20230103","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FCFS 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $FCFS 4 days after a corporate insider (Rippel Douglas Richard  (CIK 0001724410)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCFS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCFS","filer":"Rippel Douglas Richard  (CIK 0001724410)","filingDate":"2022-12-30","adsh":"0000840489-22-000092","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_CRM_20230913","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $CRM 5 days after a corporate insider (Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)","filingDate":"2023-09-08","adsh":"0001828972-23-000162","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_SBUX_20240820","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SBUX 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $SBUX 5 days after a corporate insider (Ruggeri Rachel  (CIK 0001842880)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Ruggeri Rachel  (CIK 0001842880)","filingDate":"2024-08-15","adsh":"0001127602-24-022269","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_KLAC_20230913","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KLAC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $KLAC 5 days after a corporate insider (Hanley Jeneanne Michelle  (CIK 0001733201)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KLAC","filer":"Hanley Jeneanne Michelle  (CIK 0001733201)","filingDate":"2023-09-08","adsh":"0000950170-23-047259","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_AMAT_20250408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMAT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $AMAT 5 days after a corporate insider (Sanders Adam  (CIK 0002014019)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Sanders Adam  (CIK 0002014019)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-25-011566","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_META_20240102","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $META 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $META 5 days after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2023-12-28","adsh":"0000950103-23-018067","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_FCFS_20260204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FCFS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $FCFS 5 days after a corporate insider (FAULKNER MIKEL D  (CIK 0001218565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCFS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCFS","filer":"FAULKNER MIKEL D  (CIK 0001218565)","filingDate":"2026-01-30","adsh":"0000840489-26-000012","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_FCFS_20260105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FCFS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $FCFS 5 days after a corporate insider (WESSEL RICK L  (CIK 0001063356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCFS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCFS","filer":"WESSEL RICK L  (CIK 0001063356)","filingDate":"2025-12-31","adsh":"0000840489-25-000141","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001190_VLO_20250513","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $VLO 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $VLO 5 days after a corporate insider (WILKINS RAYFORD JR  (CIK 0001184395)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VLO","filer":"WILKINS RAYFORD JR  (CIK 0001184395)","filingDate":"2025-05-08","adsh":"0001184395-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_ELV_20231003","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ELV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $ELV 1 day before a corporate insider (Kaye Mark  (CIK 0001748691)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Kaye Mark  (CIK 0001748691)","filingDate":"2023-10-04","adsh":"0001156039-23-000104"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_CRM_20230913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $CRM 1 day before a corporate insider (Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)","filingDate":"2023-09-14","adsh":"0001828972-23-000164"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_NKE_20230913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NKE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $NKE 1 day before a corporate insider (Knight Travis A  (CIK 0001646571)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NKE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NKE","filer":"Knight Travis A  (CIK 0001646571)","filingDate":"2023-09-14","adsh":"0001127602-23-024174"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_HLT_20251229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HLT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $HLT 1 day before a corporate insider (Carr Chris  (CIK 0001821096)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLT","filer":"Carr Chris  (CIK 0001821096)","filingDate":"2025-12-30","adsh":"0001821096-25-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_UNH_20250924","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $UNH 1 day before a corporate insider (MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)","filingDate":"2025-09-25","adsh":"0000731766-25-000273"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_DELL_20251218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DELL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $DELL 1 day before a corporate insider (DELL MICHAEL S  (CIK 0000908724)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DELL","filer":"DELL MICHAEL S  (CIK 0000908724)","filingDate":"2025-12-19","adsh":"0001193125-25-326867"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_HON_20231003","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HON 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $HON 1 day before a corporate insider (Flint Deborah  (CIK 0001790630)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Flint Deborah  (CIK 0001790630)","filingDate":"2023-10-04","adsh":"0001209191-23-051840"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_HON_20230913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HON 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $HON 1 day before a corporate insider (Lee Yew Hon  (CIK 0001846239)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Lee Yew Hon  (CIK 0001846239)","filingDate":"2023-09-14","adsh":"0001183740-23-000107"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_AMAT_20240102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMAT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $AMAT 1 day before a corporate insider (READ CHARLES  (CIK 0001587870)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"READ CHARLES  (CIK 0001587870)","filingDate":"2024-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-24-000625"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_MPWR_20260204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MPWR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $MPWR 1 day before a corporate insider (Wynne Eileen  (CIK 0001575706)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPWR","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPWR","filer":"Wynne Eileen  (CIK 0001575706)","filingDate":"2026-02-05","adsh":"0001214659-26-001262"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_MPWR_20260105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MPWR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $MPWR 1 day before a corporate insider (Lee Victor K  (CIK 0001292133)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPWR","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPWR","filer":"Lee Victor K  (CIK 0001292133)","filingDate":"2026-01-06","adsh":"0001214659-26-000208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_TMUS_20251103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TMUS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $TMUS 1 day before a corporate insider (Drobac Daniel James  (CIK 0002066499)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Drobac Daniel James  (CIK 0002066499)","filingDate":"2025-11-04","adsh":"0001283699-25-000158"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_META_20251229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $META 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $META 1 day before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-12-30","adsh":"0000950103-25-016699"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_META_20240102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $META 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $META 1 day before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2024-01-03","adsh":"0000950103-24-000228"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_META_20230913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $META 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $META 1 day before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2023-09-14","adsh":"0000950103-23-013627"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_AIT_20250102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AIT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $AIT 1 day before a corporate insider (Wallace Peter C  (CIK 0001295366)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AIT","filer":"Wallace Peter C  (CIK 0001295366)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0000109563-25-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_PANW_20230913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PANW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $PANW 2 days before a corporate insider (Bawa Aparna  (CIK 0001773301)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PANW","filer":"Bawa Aparna  (CIK 0001773301)","filingDate":"2023-09-15","adsh":"0001209191-23-049584"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_V_20230913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $V 2 days before a corporate insider (AFEYAN NOUBAR  (CIK 0001222012)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"AFEYAN NOUBAR  (CIK 0001222012)","filingDate":"2023-09-15","adsh":"0000899243-23-019165"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_LRCX_20240102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LRCX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $LRCX 2 days before a corporate insider (Hahn Ava  (CIK 0001267376)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Hahn Ava  (CIK 0001267376)","filingDate":"2024-01-04","adsh":"0000707549-24-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_GOOGL_20251229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $GOOGL 2 days before a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-12-31","adsh":"0001193125-25-338435"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_PYPL_20230103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PYPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $PYPL 2 days before a corporate insider (Johnson Belinda J.  (CIK 0001694150)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Johnson Belinda J.  (CIK 0001694150)","filingDate":"2023-01-05","adsh":"0001633917-23-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_DELL_20250203","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DELL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $DELL 2 days before a corporate insider (Dell Technologies Inc.  (DELL)  (CIK 0001571996)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DELL","filer":"Dell Technologies Inc.  (DELL)  (CIK 0001571996)","filingDate":"2025-02-05","adsh":"0001062993-25-001734"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_CMCSA_20231003","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CMCSA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $CMCSA 2 days before a corporate insider (Brady Louise F.  (CIK 0001690498)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Brady Louise F.  (CIK 0001690498)","filingDate":"2023-10-05","adsh":"0001225208-23-009371"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_FCFS_20230103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FCFS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin buy $FCFS 2 days before a corporate insider (Rippel Douglas Richard  (CIK 0001724410)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCFS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCFS","filer":"Rippel Douglas Richard  (CIK 0001724410)","filingDate":"2023-01-05","adsh":"0000840489-23-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_AIT_20260204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AIT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin sell $AIT 2 days before a corporate insider (Vasquez Jason W  (CIK 0001881666)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AIT","filer":"Vasquez Jason W  (CIK 0001881666)","filingDate":"2026-02-06","adsh":"0001881666-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001190_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+34 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin accumulated 59 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 34 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":34,"totalRaw":59}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_ABT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $ABT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $ABT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $ABT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ABT","assetName":"ABT - Abbott Laboratories Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ABT","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_AXP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $AXP — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $AXP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $AXP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AXP","assetName":"AXP - American Express Company","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AXP","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_ELV","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $ELV — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $ELV on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $ELV per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ELV","assetName":"ELV - Elevance Health Inc","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ELV","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-02"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_AMAT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $AMAT — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $AMAT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $AMAT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMAT","assetName":"AMAT - Applied Materials, Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMAT","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_CSX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $CSX — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $CSX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $CSX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CSX","assetName":"CSX - CSX Corp","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CSX","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_CAT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CAT — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $CAT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CAT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CAT","assetName":"CAT - Caterpillar Inc","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CAT","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_CVX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $CVX — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $CVX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $CVX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVX","assetName":"CVX - Chevron Corp","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVX","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_KO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $KO — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $KO on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $KO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KO","assetName":"KO - Coca-Cola Company","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KO","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CMCSA — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $CMCSA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CMCSA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CMCSA","assetName":"CMCSA - Comcast Corp A","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CMCSA","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_COP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $COP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $COP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $COP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"COP","assetName":"COP - ConocoPhillips Common Stock","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"COP","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-13"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_STZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $STZ — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $STZ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $STZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"STZ","assetName":"STZ - Constellation Brands Inc","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"STZ","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_COST","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $COST — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $COST on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $COST per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"COST","assetName":"COST - Costco Wholesale Corporation - Common Stock","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"COST","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_DE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $DE — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $DE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $DE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DE","assetName":"DE - Deere & Company Common Stock","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DE","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_GS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 trades in $GS — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $GS on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 10 reported trades in $GS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GS","assetName":"GS - Goldman Sachs Group","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GS","tradeCount":10,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-04"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_GICIX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $GICIX — also a disclosed holding ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $GICIX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,000,001 - $5,000,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GICIX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GICIX","assetName":"GICIX - Goldman Sachs Intl Small Cap Insights Fd Inst","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GICIX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_HLT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $HLT — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $HLT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $HLT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HLT","assetName":"HLT - Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. Common Stock","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HLT","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_HD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $HD — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $HD on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $HD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HD","assetName":"HD - Home Depot, Inc. (The) Common Stock","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HD","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_HON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $HON — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $HON on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $HON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HON","assetName":"HON - Honeywell International Inc","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HON","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_ICE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $ICE — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $ICE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $ICE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ICE","assetName":"ICE - Intercontinental Exchange Inc. Common Stock","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ICE","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_EZU","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $EZU — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $EZU on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $EZU per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EZU","assetName":"EZU - iShares MSCI Eurozone ETF","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EZU","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_IWB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $IWB — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $IWB on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $IWB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IWB","assetName":"IWB - iShares Russell 1000 ETF","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IWB","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-13"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-12"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_IEFA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $IEFA — also a disclosed holding ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $IEFA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,000,001 - $5,000,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $IEFA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IEFA","assetName":"IEFA - EAFE Ishares Core MSCI ETF","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IEFA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_IEMG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $IEMG — also a disclosed holding ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $IEMG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,000,001 - $5,000,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $IEMG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IEMG","assetName":"IEMG - iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IEMG","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_JPM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $JPM — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed an asset position in $JPM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $JPM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JPM","assetName":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Company","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JPM","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_M001190_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 5 Healthcare stocks (ABT, DHR, TMO, UNH, BSX)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (ABT, DHR, TMO, UNH, BSX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["ABT","DHR","TMO","UNH","BSX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_M001190_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (RTX)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (RTX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["RTX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_M001190_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 3 Energy stocks (CVX, COP, VLO)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX, COP, VLO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","COP","VLO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P63_M001190","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 121 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 121 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): ABT, AXP, ELV, AAPL, AMAT, BLK, CSX, CAT, CVX, KO, CSEIX, CMCSA, COP, STZ, COST, … (106 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":121,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["ABT","AXP","ELV","AAPL","AMAT","BLK","CSX","CAT","CVX","KO","CSEIX","CMCSA","COP","STZ","COST","DHR","DE","EMR","FIMKX","GS","GICIX","AGTHX","HLT","HD","HON"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_M001190_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 5 Healthcare stocks (ABT, DHR, TMO, UNH, BSX) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 5 Healthcare stocks — ABT, DHR, TMO, UNH, BSX — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["ABT","DHR","TMO","UNH","BSX"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_M001190_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (RTX) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — RTX — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["RTX"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_M001190_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Energy stocks (CVX, COP, VLO) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Energy stocks — CVX, COP, VLO — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","COP","VLO"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_M001190_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 5 Finance stocks (AXP, BLK, GS, JPM, MA) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 5 Finance stocks — AXP, BLK, GS, JPM, MA — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["AXP","BLK","GS","JPM","MA"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b025a205-bede-4868-89ef-191320624eb0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b025a205-bede-4868-89ef-191320624eb0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_M001190_2023-09-13","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-09-13 — 57 unique tickers","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin executed 57 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-09-13 to 2023-09-18), spanning 57 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-09-13","windowEnd":"2023-09-18","tradeCount":57,"uniqueTickers":57,"totalDisclosedTrades":353,"sampleTickers":["CVX","ICE","AMAT","PG","FI","AZO","AMD","CMG","AAPL","TXN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P68_M001190","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 11 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$10.5M","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 11 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $10,483,004. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ran (Farm/Ranch, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); S Elm Pl Description: Investment propert (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); N Shields Description: Investment proper (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hom (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $500,001 - $1,000,000); N 23rd St Description: Investment proper (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":11,"totalEstMidpoint":10483004,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"name":"S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"name":"N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"name":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"name":"N 23rd St Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_M001190","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $18.0M in personal liabilities (27% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $18,000,001 in personal liabilities against $66,595,416.5 in assets — a 27.0% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $18.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":18000001,"totalAssetMid":66595416.5,"leverageRatio":27,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2022 · Joint · Mortgage · None · 3.95%% (15 years) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Regent Bank Tulsa, OK · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2024 · Joint · Line of Credit · - · 6.09098%% (Revolving line of credit) · $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 · Bank of NY, NA Pittsburgh, PA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Acquired 64 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including KO, CSEIX, CMCSA, COP, STZ, COST","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 64 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: KO, CSEIX, CMCSA, COP, STZ, COST, FIMKX, GS, GICIX, AGTHX, EZU, IWB.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":64,"newTickers":["KO","CSEIX","CMCSA","COP","STZ","COST","FIMKX","GS","GICIX","AGTHX","EZU","IWB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_M001190","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: Mexico","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Mexico. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Mexico → New Mexico Fin Auth St Transn Rev Ref BDS Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 06/15/24 (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":1,"countries":["Mexico"],"byCountry":{"Mexico":[{"assetName":"New Mexico Fin Auth St Transn Rev Ref BDS Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 06/15/24","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001190","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 23 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 235 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin appears in 23 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 235 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 23 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (73); coordinated trade cluster (29); trade near vote (26); insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (20).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":23,"totalFindings":235,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":73},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":29},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":20},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":3}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001190","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_M001190_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 8 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including ALB, AIMC, HPQ, INVH, NTR, ORCL","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: ALB, AIMC, HPQ, INVH, NTR, ORCL, PWR, TTEK.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":8,"divestedTickers":["ALB","AIMC","HPQ","INVH","NTR","ORCL","PWR","TTEK"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin filed 2 amendments to the 2025 Senate annual disclosure — 2 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Markwayne Mullin's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2025 report alone, with 2 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2025,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":2,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b67ab0ce-52cb-43a1-85c3-2fbb491b5626/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d0dbedad-0aa4-42c9-87e6-33bd272693fe/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b67ab0ce-52cb-43a1-85c3-2fbb491b5626/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d0dbedad-0aa4-42c9-87e6-33bd272693fe/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Markwayne Mullin discloses 8 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 8 unascertainable, 5% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 8 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 8 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 5% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":8,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":8,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.054,"samples":[{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin discloses 17 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 17 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin Properties LLC (Westvi · N Main St Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK · S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK) · N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":17,"properties":[{"name":"Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin Properties LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Property and Land in Oklahom","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"N Main St Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"39th St Description: Investment property (Oklahoma City, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Land on HWY 51 Description: Investment property (Stilwell, OK)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"5 Acres - Cruz Description: Investment property (Westville, OK)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"8 Acres - Rose Description: Investment property (Westville, OK)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 PFD: 146 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (97% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 146 reported holdings owned by Spouse (17), Joint (117), or Dependent (12) — 97% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Arvest Bank (Lowell, Arkansas) Type: Money Market Account · Spouse: The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance Trust Provider: Provident Trust Group · Joint: Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK) · Joint: Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Descr.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":17,"Joint":117,"Dependent":12,"Self":3},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.973,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Arvest Bank (Lowell, Arkansas) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance Trust Provider: Provident Trust Group","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Descr","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Descrip","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 PFD: 10 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 10 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · GICIX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":10,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance Trust Provider: Provident Trust Group","type":"Life Insurance Whole","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK)","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"GICIX","asset":"GICIX - Goldman Sachs Intl Small Cap Insights Fd Inst","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"AGTHX","asset":"AGTHX - The Growth Fund of America Class A Shares","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"IEFA","asset":"IEFA - EAFE Ishares Core MSCI ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"IEMG","asset":"IEMG - iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P92_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 PFD: 12 holdings owned by Dependent Child (6 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 12 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 6 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Ho · COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Pare · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Ho · COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Pare · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Ho.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":12,"highValueCount":6,"holdings":[{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P104_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 PFD lists 4 entities bearing the surname \"Mullin\" — top: The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 4 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Mullin\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance (asset) · Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle (asset) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: (asset) · Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Mullin","count":4,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance Trust Provider: Provident Trust Group","type":"Life Insurance Whole"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK)","type":"Farm/Ranch"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin Properties LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Property and Land ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 49 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — META ($35.2M), AMZN ($24.9M), LLY ($21.0M)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 49 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $345.2M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: META ($35.2M, 80 filings) · AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · LLY ($21.0M, 53 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings) · UNH ($17.0M, 31 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":49,"totalLobbyAcrossM":345.17,"holdings":[{"ticker":"META","totalLobby":35176250,"recordCount":80,"topClient":"META PLATFORMS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"LLY","totalLobby":20985000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"ELI LILLY & COMPANY"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"UNH","totalLobby":16960000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC."},{"ticker":"TMUS","totalLobby":15084000,"recordCount":89,"topClient":"T-MOBILE USA INC."},{"ticker":"HON","totalLobby":12660000,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 10 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), MSFT (8,404), NKE (4,058)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 10 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 37,232 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · NKE (4,058 patents) · TXN (3,666 patents) · AMAT (2,738 patents) · HON (2,275 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":10,"totalPatents":37232,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"NKE","patentCount":4058,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"TXN","patentCount":3666,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"AMAT","patentCount":2738,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"HON","patentCount":2275,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"DE","patentCount":1618,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"CAT","patentCount":1307,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 4 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $16M) — top: ABT ($8.2M), HON ($2.8M), RTX ($2.6M)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $16M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: ABT ($8.2M, 12 contracts, Department of Veterans Affairs) · HON ($2.8M, 7 contracts, Department of Homeland Security) · RTX ($2.6M, 3 contracts, Department of Transportation) · EW ($2.5M, 60 contracts, Department of Veterans Affairs).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":4,"totalContractValueM":16.06,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ABT","total":8209969.99,"count":12,"agencies":["Department of Veterans Affairs"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"HON","total":2818221.0700000003,"count":7,"agencies":["Department of Homeland Security","General Services Administration","Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"RTX","total":2558117.42,"count":3,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"EW","total":2478470.17,"count":60,"agencies":["Department of Veterans Affairs"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P112_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P112_PFD_SIN_INDUSTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 1 sin-industry ticker on 2025 PFD across 1 category — Alcohol (STZ)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in sin / vice / controversial industries across 1 category: Alcohol — STZ. These industries are subject to ongoing federal regulatory debate and aligned with specific committee jurisdictions: tobacco (FDA Center for Tobacco Products, federal excise tax), alcohol (TTB regulation), gambling (state-by-state but federal sports-betting / online-poker debates), firearms (ATF rules, gun-control legislation in Senate Judiciary), private prisons (BOP contracts, ICE detention contracts, criminal-justice reform), and coal (EPA emissions rules, Mining Safety, federal-lands leases). When a senator holds these positions while voting on related legislation, the personal-portfolio conflict is direct and visible to constituents.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sin_industry","year":"2025","industries":[{"industry":"Alcohol","holdings":[{"ticker":"STZ","asset":"STZ - Constellation Brands Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"totalCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products","https://www.atf.gov/"]},{"id":"P113_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P113_PFD_HEALTH_INSURER_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 2 major US health-insurer tickers on 2025 PFD — ELV, UNH","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US health insurers (UnitedHealth UNH, Elevance/Anthem ELV, Cigna CI, Humana HUM, Centene CNC, Molina MOH). Health-insurer stock prices are directly affected by these policies — every committee vote on Medicare physician fee schedules, Medicare Advantage star ratings, prior-authorization requirements, or ACA risk-adjustment formulas moves the held stocks. This is the cleanest single-sector conflict signal next to defense contractors. Holdings: ELV ($15,001 - $50,000) · UNH ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_health_insurer","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ELV","asset":"ELV - Elevance Health Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"UNH","asset":"UNH - Unitedhealth Group Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onHealthCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.cms.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P114_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 5 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — AAPL, MSFT, META, GOOGL, AMZN","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: AAPL ($250,001 - $500,000) · MSFT ($50,001 - $100,000) · META ($100,001 - $250,000) · GOOGL ($50,001 - $100,000) · AMZN ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"META","asset":"META - Meta Platforms, Inc. - Class A Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc. - Class A Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com Inc","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — RTX","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: RTX ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"RTX","asset":"RTX - RTX Corporation Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 6 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — AMAT, KLAC, NVDA, TXN, LRCX","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 6 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: AMAT ($50,001 - $100,000) · KLAC ($100,001 - $250,000) · NVDA ($100,001 - $250,000) · TXN ($50,001 - $100,000) · LRCX ($50,001 - $100,000) · AMD ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMAT","asset":"AMAT - Applied Materials, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"KLAC","asset":"KLAC - KLA Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TXN","asset":"TXN - Texas Instruments Incorporated - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"LRCX","asset":"LRCX - Lam Research Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AMD","asset":"AMD - Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P117_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 3 agribusiness tickers on 2025 PFD — CAT, DE, CTVA","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 agribusiness stock holdings — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: CAT ($50,001 - $100,000) · DE ($15,001 - $50,000) · CTVA (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CAT","asset":"CAT - Caterpillar Inc","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"DE","asset":"DE - Deere & Company Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CTVA","asset":"CTVA - Corteva Inc","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P119_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 2 telecom/cable tickers on 2025 PFD — CMCSA, TMUS","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: CMCSA (None (or less than $1,001)) · TMUS ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CMCSA","asset":"CMCSA - Comcast Corp A","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"TMUS","asset":"TMUS - T-Mobile US","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 3 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — AXP, GS, JPM","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: AXP ($50,001 - $100,000) · GS ($50,001 - $100,000) · JPM ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AXP","asset":"AXP - American Express Company","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"GS","asset":"GS - Goldman Sachs Group","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Company","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 3 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — CVX, COP, VLO","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: CVX ($15,001 - $50,000) · COP ($15,001 - $50,000) · VLO ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CVX","asset":"CVX - Chevron Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"COP","asset":"COP - ConocoPhillips Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"VLO","asset":"VLO - Valero Energy Corp","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 2 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — LLY, ZTS","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: LLY ($100,001 - $250,000) · ZTS ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LLY","asset":"LLY - Eli Lilly and Company Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ZTS","asset":"ZTS - Zoetis Inc Cl A","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin holds 2 asset-manager / PE-firm tickers on 2025 PFD — BLK, ICE","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: BLK ($50,001 - $100,000) · ICE ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BLK","asset":"BLK - Blackrock Inc","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","asset":"ICE - Intercontinental Exchange Inc. Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 PFD lists 84 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 84 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): ABT, AXP, ELV, AAPL, AMAT, BLK, CSX, CAT, CVX, KO.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":84,"sampleTickers":["ABT","AXP","ELV","AAPL","AMAT","BLK","CSX","CAT","CVX","KO","CSEIX","CMCSA","COP","STZ","COST","DHR","DE","EMR","FIMKX","GS","GICIX","AGTHX","HLT","HD","HON","ICE","EZU","IWB","IJR","IEFA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P133_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $48.6M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $48.6M (asset midpoint $66.6M minus liability midpoint $18.0M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":48595416,"netWorthM":48.6,"totalAssetMid":66595416.5,"totalLiabMid":18000001,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_M001190","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's earliest disclosed PFD (2023) shows $63.6M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2023) shows total assets of $63.6M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 108; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2023","totalAssetMid":63595308,"assetCount":108,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b025a205-bede-4868-89ef-191320624eb0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b025a205-bede-4868-89ef-191320624eb0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P139_M001190","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin filed 105 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 66 distinct tickers, 71 buys, 34 sells","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin filed 105 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 71 were buy transactions and 34 were sells, spanning 66 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":105,"distinctTickers":66,"buys":71,"sells":34,"sampleTickers":["UNH","INTU","AZO","VSEC","COHR","GS","IRM","ADBE","FCFS","APG","AIT","MCK"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_M001190","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed 16 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 6 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY AAPL $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin has filed 16 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 6 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY AAPL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-12-29 · BUY AMZN $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-12-29 · BUY GOOGL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-12-29 · BUY MSFT $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-12-29.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":16,"veryHighCount":6,"lowerBoundSum":3000016,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","date":"2025-11-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001190","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Markwayne Mullin executed 4 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY GS (15d apart)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin has 4 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY GS 2024-12-18 → 2025-01-02 (15d) · SELL→BUY GS 2025-12-18 → 2025-12-29 (11d) · SELL→BUY LRN 2024-12-18 → 2025-01-02 (15d) · SELL→BUY LRN 2025-12-18 → 2026-01-05 (18d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":4,"samples":[{"ticker":"GS","days":15,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-12-18","date2":"2025-01-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GS","days":11,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-12-18","date2":"2025-12-29","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"LRN","days":15,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-12-18","date2":"2025-01-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"LRN","days":18,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-12-18","date2":"2026-01-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001190","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin triggers 77 HIGH-severity findings across 52 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin accumulates 77 HIGH-severity findings across 52 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":77,"distinctDetectorTypes":52}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M001190","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin triggers 53 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin accumulates findings across 53 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 53 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":53,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P5","P11","P15","P17","P18","P21","P22","P29","P36","P37","P42","P43","P53","P54","P63","P64","P65","P68","P69","P74","P77","P78","P79","P82","P83","P84","P87","P88"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 PFD shows 4 broad-market index funds (5% of 84 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 of 84 ticker holdings (5%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: IJR, IEMG, MDY, VO.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":4,"totalTickers":84,"ratio":0.05,"broadTickers":["IJR","IEMG","MDY","VO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P175_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 PFD reports $18.00M in total liabilities (3 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $18.00M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 3 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 27% of total assets ($66.60M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":18,"totalAssetMidM":66.6,"liabCount":3,"leverageRatio":0.27,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_M001190_2023-09-13","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin — 56 trades on 2023-09-13","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin disclosed 56 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-09-13). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-09-13","count":56}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001190","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Markwayne Mullin — 98% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (347/353)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 98% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":353,"atBracket":347,"pct":"98.3"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001190","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Markwayne Mullin — 118 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin has traded 118 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":118,"sample":["UNH","INTU","AZO","VSEC","COHR","GS","IRM","ADBE","FCFS","APG"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001190_GS","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker GS","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin traded GS on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the GS trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"GS","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M001190_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin — 86 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin's 2025 Senate PFD shows 86 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":86,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_M001190","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Markwayne Mullin — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin has served 7 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":119}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001190","https://www.congress.gov/member/markwayne-mullin/M001190"]},{"id":"P17_M001190_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin accumulated 26 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 1 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":1,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001190"]},{"id":"P53_M001190_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+48 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Markwayne Mullin accumulated 73 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 48 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 38 MEDIUM · 10 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":48,"totalRaw":73,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":38,"LOW":10}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001190"]}],"L000595":[{"id":"P1_L000595_qagihx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TSM 0d BEFORE HR 7381 — \"HEALTH AI\"","explanation":"Member traded TSM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7381 \"HEALTH AI\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2024-10-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7381","title":"HEALTH AI","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207381"]},{"id":"P1_L000595_wlqo4t","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 7381 — \"HEALTH AI\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7381 \"HEALTH AI\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-10-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7381","title":"HEALTH AI","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207381"]},{"id":"P2_L000595_nwt47w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education & the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.julialetlow.com/get-to-know-julia","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000595","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Letlow"]},{"id":"P2_L000595_1bucvs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education & the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.julialetlow.com/get-to-know-julia","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000595","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Letlow"]},{"id":"P2_L000595_bcsvhy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE 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Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.julialetlow.com/get-to-know-julia","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000595","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Letlow"]},{"id":"P2_L000595_f2b98q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES P gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education & the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.julialetlow.com/get-to-know-julia","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000595","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Letlow"]},{"id":"P2_L000595_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education & the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.julialetlow.com/get-to-know-julia","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000595","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Letlow"]},{"id":"P2_L000595_io85qa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC I gave $4,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $4,500 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC I, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC I","total":4500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education & the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.julialetlow.com/get-to-know-julia","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000595","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Letlow"]},{"id":"P2_L000595_9418q0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"THE BOEING COMPANY PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $4,000 from THE BOEING COMPANY PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE BOEING COMPANY PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education & the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.julialetlow.com/get-to-know-julia","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000595","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Letlow"]},{"id":"P2_L000595_22l2sm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AERICK INVESTMENTS LLC gave $3,300 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $3,300 from AERICK INVESTMENTS LLC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AERICK INVESTMENTS LLC","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education & the 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In the same period they made 11 BUYS vs 5 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":9,"yesRate":82},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":11,"sells":5,"netBuy":6,"total":16}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_L000595_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 7 BUYS vs 4 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":7,"sells":4,"netBuy":3,"total":11}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_L000595_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 4 Defense bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":3,"sells":1,"netBuy":2,"total":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000595_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 292d late on avg — overall avg only 258d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 291.8 days — versus 258.2 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":16,"avgGap":292},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":163,"avgGap":258},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000595_Energy","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy trades filed 326d late on avg — overall avg only 258d","explanation":"In Energy (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 326.4 days — versus 258.2 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":11,"avgGap":326},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":163,"avgGap":258},{"source":"pac","sector":"Energy","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000595_Defense","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Defense trades filed 276d late on avg — overall avg only 258d","explanation":"In Defense (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 276.0 days — versus 258.2 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":4,"avgGap":276},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":163,"avgGap":258},{"source":"pac","sector":"Defense","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000595_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Agriculture trades filed 302d late on avg — overall avg only 258d","explanation":"In Agriculture (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 302.1 days — versus 258.2 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Agriculture","count":8,"avgGap":302},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":163,"avgGap":258},{"source":"pac","sector":"Agriculture","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_L000595_sznkxj","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,667,442 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ACCOUNTABILITY PROJECT INC","explanation":"ACCOUNTABILITY PROJECT INC spent $1,667,442 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00940957","name":"ACCOUNTABILITY PROJECT INC","support":1667442,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00940957/"]},{"id":"P7_L000595_ygodxl","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,645,751 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,645,751 opposing this member across 40 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8645750.89,"totalSupport":1815583.26,"events":40,"topAttackers":[{"name":"LOUISIANA FREEDOM FUND","oppose":8645750.89}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000595_p5e2cg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $701,082 / spent $594,571","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00764761","cmteName":"START RISING PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00764761","cmteName":"START RISING PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":296723,"totalDisbursements":216547.5,"cashOnHand":80175.49},{"cmteId":"C00764761","cmteName":"START RISING PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":270105,"totalDisbursements":230778.7,"cashOnHand":119501.75},{"cmteId":"C00764761","cmteName":"START RISING PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":134254,"totalDisbursements":147244.3,"cashOnHand":106511.48}],"totalRaised":701082,"totalSpent":594570.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000595_8099m9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $4,768,334 in itemized individual contributions, $2,968,914 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4768334,"buckets":{"$200 and under":19964,"$200.01-$499":154752,"$500-$999":533028,"$1000-$1999":1091676,"$2000 and over":2968914},"megaShare":62.3,"smallDonorShare":0.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000595_rmkpow","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,220 donation spike on 2020-11-19 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-19 this committee recorded $66,220 across 66 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,416.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742106","date":"2020-11-19","amount":66220,"count":66,"baseline":10416,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742106/"]},{"id":"P15_L000595_rmkpo1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,400 donation spike on 2020-11-09 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-09 this committee recorded $52,400 across 38 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,631.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742106","date":"2020-11-09","amount":52400,"count":38,"baseline":6631,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742106/"]},{"id":"P15_L000595_nby94k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,300 donation spike on 2025-06-04 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-04 this committee recorded $60,300 across 33 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,264.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00766428","date":"2025-06-04","amount":60300,"count":33,"baseline":6264,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00766428/"]},{"id":"P17_L000595_MMM_2025-01-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought MMM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-17 and 2025-01-22, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on MMM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","date":"2025-01-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MMM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-01-17 to 2025-01-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_KHC_2024-11-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-11-15 and 2024-11-20, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2024-11-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2024-11-15 to 2024-11-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_CMG_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-30 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on CMG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","date":"2025-10-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000110","name":"Cleo Fields"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"}],"span":"2025-10-30 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_CMG_2025-11-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-11-03 and 2025-11-10, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on CMG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","date":"2025-11-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-11-03 to 2025-11-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_HUM_2025-08-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought HUM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-08-04 and 2025-08-08, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on HUM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","date":"2025-08-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HUM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"}],"span":"2025-08-04 to 2025-08-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_MU_2025-09-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold MU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-17 and 2025-09-23, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on MU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2025-09-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MU","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"}],"span":"2025-09-17 to 2025-09-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_MU_2025-09-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-17 and 2025-09-23, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on MU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2025-09-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MU","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"}],"span":"2025-09-17 to 2025-09-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_TMO_2025-04-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-21 and 2025-04-28, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"}],"span":"2025-04-21 to 2025-04-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_HUM_2026-02-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold HUM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-10 and 2026-02-17, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on HUM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HUM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2026-02-10 to 2026-02-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_WDAY_2025-06-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold WDAY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-16 and 2025-06-17, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on WDAY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WDAY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-06-16 to 2025-06-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_AJG_2025-07-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AJG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-07-29 and 2025-08-04, 3 members took the same direction on AJG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AJG","date":"2025-07-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AJG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-07-29 to 2025-08-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000595_AMD_2026-02-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AMD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-02 and 2026-02-05, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AMD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AMD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"F000110","name":"Cleo Fields"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2026-02-02 to 2026-02-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000595_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julia Letlow executed 16 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","date":"2026-02-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2025-11-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIG","date":"2025-07-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-07-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"FDIC Official Signs, Advertisement of Membership, False Advertising, Misrepresentation of Insured Status, and Misuse of ","agency":"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2026-01-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000595_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julia Letlow executed 11 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXE","date":"2026-02-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVN","date":"2025-12-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXE","date":"2025-07-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2025-02-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Utah; Interstate Transport of Air Pollution for the 2008 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality St","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-11-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000595_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"67 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julia Letlow executed 67 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2026-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTWO","date":"2026-02-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2026-02-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Surfclam and Ocean Quahog Fisheries; 2026 Fishing Quotas for Atlantic Surfclams and Ocean Quahogs; and Suspensi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-01-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Surfclam and Ocean Quahog Fisheries; 2026 Fishing Quotas for Atlantic Surfclams and Ocean Quahogs; and Suspensi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-01-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000595_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julia Letlow executed 11 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2026-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-12-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-06-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-04-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":17,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Updates to the Master List of Items Potentially Subject to Face to Face Encounter and Written Order Pr","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2026-01-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; End-Stage Renal Disease Prospective Payment System, Payment for Renal Dialysis Services Furnished to I","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-11-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000595_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julia Letlow executed 4 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-07-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2024-10-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2024-10-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Reissuance and Modification of Nationwide Permits","agency":"Defense Department, Engineers Corps","date":"2026-01-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of Environmental Impact Analysis Process (EIAP) Regulation","agency":"Defense Department, Air Force Department","date":"2025-07-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_L000595_8icaic","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julia Letlow campaign paid $50,059,218 to 95 surname-matched vendors, top: SMITH, THOMAS","explanation":"Julia Letlow's campaign paid 370 disbursements totaling $50,059,218 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH, THOMAS","total":16549581.65,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":10000000,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":4225000,"date":"2012-05-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":1200000,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","total":8787819,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","amount":2500000,"date":"1996-04-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","amount":1291630,"date":"1996-04-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","amount":1025192,"date":"1996-03-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GANLEY, THOMAS D","total":7175000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GANLEY, THOMAS D","amount":2500000,"date":"2010-07-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GANLEY, THOMAS D","amount":1925000,"date":"2010-04-05","description":"REPAYMENT OF CANDIDATE LOAN","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GANLEY, THOMAS D","amount":1750000,"date":"2010-05-04","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMAS GRAPHICS","total":1081805.51,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMAS GRAPHICS","amount":263263,"date":"2004-05-18","description":"PRINTING/DELIVERY","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"THOMAS GRAPHICS","amount":159022.76,"date":"2019-12-19","description":"DEV PRINTING AND POSTAGE FOR VRS","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"THOMAS GRAPHICS","amount":150184.62,"date":"2019-11-25","description":"DEV PRINTING AND POSTAGE FOR VRS","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMAS GRAPHICS, INC.","total":907609.44,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMAS GRAPHICS, INC.","amount":200279.4,"date":"2020-10-22","description":"PARTY GOTV MAILER","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"THOMAS GRAPHICS, INC.","amount":173853.15,"date":"2020-09-15","description":"PARTY PRINTING AND POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"THOMAS GRAPHICS, INC.","amount":100974.15,"date":"2020-10-22","description":"PARTY EXEMPT ACTIVITY - SLATE","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMAS PARTNERS","total":821589.5,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMAS PARTNERS","amount":195753,"date":"2024-04-30","description":"STRATEGIC CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THOMAS PARTNERS","amount":195753,"date":"2024-04-23","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THOMAS PARTNERS","amount":150000,"date":"2024-04-11","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thomas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SMITH"]},{"id":"P20_L000595_q2lvhj","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 6 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Julia Letlow sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor and traded 6 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":21811577.12,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"URI","date":"2026-02-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":104508.9,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-07-25","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-06-17","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MCK","date":"2024-12-18","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":53069221.01000001,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_L000595_Finance","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance BUYs filed 292d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Finance (11 buys vs 5 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":16,"avgGap":292,"buys":11,"sells":5},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":163,"avgGap":258}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_L000595_Energy","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy BUYs filed 326d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Energy (7 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":11,"avgGap":326,"buys":7,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":163,"avgGap":258}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_L000595_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 305d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (7 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":11,"avgGap":305,"buys":7,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":163,"avgGap":258}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_L000595_Defense","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Defense BUYs filed 276d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Defense (3 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":4,"avgGap":276,"buys":3,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":163,"avgGap":258}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_L000595_Defense","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Defense bills","explanation":"Member Julia Letlow cast Defense-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Defense"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_L000595_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Julia Letlow cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":13,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":13,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-02-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":13,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-02-02","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":13,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_L000595_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of PAC dollars ($569,008) come from Party industry","explanation":"Julia Letlow receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":569008.16,"share":66.6,"totalPAC":854508.16,"pacCount":49},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":569008.16,"share":66.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":44000,"share":5.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":40100,"share":4.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":37800,"share":4.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_L000595","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 12.6× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 228 disclosed trades, 185 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 12.6× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":185,"total":228,"rate":81.1},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_L000595","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Julia Letlow sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor and actively trades in Finance, Pharma, Healthcare, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":16},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":11},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":18},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000595","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 distinct pattern types firing; 4 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 3 more)","explanation":"Julia Letlow has findings in 18 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 4 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":18,"totalFindings":55,"highSeverityCount":21,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":5},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Defense","patternTypesConverged":["P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":5},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_L000595_IR_20250131","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $IR 1 day after a corporate insider (BARNES CORBIN  (CIK 0001861656)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IR","filer":"BARNES CORBIN  (CIK 0001861656)","filingDate":"2025-01-30","adsh":"0000950170-25-011266","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_META_20250207","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-02-06","adsh":"0000950103-25-001720","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_META_20250131","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-01-30","adsh":"0000950103-25-001200","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_META_20241023","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Olivan Javier  (CIK 0001564475)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Olivan Javier  (CIK 0001564475)","filingDate":"2024-10-22","adsh":"0000950103-24-015282","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_PINS_20241023","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PINS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $PINS 1 day after a corporate insider (Ready William J  (CIK 0001643573)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PINS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PINS","filer":"Ready William J  (CIK 0001643573)","filingDate":"2024-10-22","adsh":"0001506293-24-000174","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_LOW_20250808","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $LOW 2 days after a corporate insider (Blackford Quentin S.  (CIK 0001612451)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"Blackford Quentin S.  (CIK 0001612451)","filingDate":"2025-08-06","adsh":"0001388658-25-000204","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_GOOGL_20250702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $GOOGL 2 days after a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-06-30","adsh":"0000950170-25-091830","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_STT_20251121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $STT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $STT 3 days after a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2025-11-18","adsh":"0000093751-25-000663","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_CRM_20250207","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $CRM 3 days after a corporate insider (Reddy Sundeep G.  (CIK 0001747579)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Reddy Sundeep G.  (CIK 0001747579)","filingDate":"2025-02-04","adsh":"0001127602-25-003030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_AFG_20250224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AFG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $AFG 3 days after a corporate insider (Weiss Mark A  (CIK 0001954521)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AFG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AFG","filer":"Weiss Mark A  (CIK 0001954521)","filingDate":"2025-02-21","adsh":"0000950170-25-024948","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_MSFT_20241206","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $MSFT 4 days after a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2024-12-02","adsh":"0001062993-24-019890","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_ACI_20250826","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ACI 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $ACI 4 days after a corporate insider (Steinberg David  (CIK 0001308562)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACI","filer":"Steinberg David  (CIK 0001308562)","filingDate":"2025-08-22","adsh":"0001193125-25-186464","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_WBD_20251208","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WBD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $WBD 5 days after a corporate insider (Locke Lori C.  (CIK 0001646563)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Locke Lori C.  (CIK 0001646563)","filingDate":"2025-12-03","adsh":"0001646563-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_JCI_20250319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JCI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $JCI 5 days after a corporate insider (YOUNG JOHN D  (CIK 0001551792)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JCI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JCI","filer":"YOUNG JOHN D  (CIK 0001551792)","filingDate":"2025-03-14","adsh":"0001127602-25-009417","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000595_PEG_20260217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PEG 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $PEG 5 days after a corporate insider (Cregg Daniel J  (CIK 0001655044)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEG","filer":"Cregg Daniel J  (CIK 0001655044)","filingDate":"2026-02-12","adsh":"0001225208-26-001837","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_MSFT_20260202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (PETERSON SANDRA E  (CIK 0001192752)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PETERSON SANDRA E  (CIK 0001192752)","filingDate":"2026-02-03","adsh":"0000789019-26-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_T_20250702","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $T 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $T 1 day before a corporate insider (Seavers Dean  (CIK 0001403296)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Seavers Dean  (CIK 0001403296)","filingDate":"2025-07-03","adsh":"0000915913-25-000119"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_AVGO_20241218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AVGO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $AVGO 1 day before a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2024-12-19","adsh":"0001730168-24-000131"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_AFG_20250224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AFG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $AFG 1 day before a corporate insider (Weiss Mark A  (CIK 0001954521)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AFG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AFG","filer":"Weiss Mark A  (CIK 0001954521)","filingDate":"2025-02-25","adsh":"0000950170-25-026810"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_WFC_20241023","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $WFC 1 day before a corporate insider (Engle Bridget E.  (CIK 0001709119)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Engle Bridget E.  (CIK 0001709119)","filingDate":"2024-10-24","adsh":"0001127602-24-025911"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_AAPL_20260202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (LEVINSON ARTHUR D  (CIK 0001214128)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"LEVINSON ARTHUR D  (CIK 0001214128)","filingDate":"2026-02-03","adsh":"0001214128-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_META_20241023","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $META 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $META 1 day before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2024-10-24","adsh":"0000950103-24-015360"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_DGX_20250724","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DGX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $DGX 1 day before a corporate insider (SAMAD SAM  (CIK 0001694295)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DGX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DGX","filer":"SAMAD SAM  (CIK 0001694295)","filingDate":"2025-07-25","adsh":"0001022079-25-000189"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_PEG_20260217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PEG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $PEG 1 day before a corporate insider (Hanemann Kim C  (CIK 0001666464)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEG","filer":"Hanemann Kim C  (CIK 0001666464)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0001225208-26-002092"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_SLB_20241023","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SLB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $SLB 1 day before a corporate insider (Merad Abdellah  (CIK 0001692116)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SLB","filer":"Merad Abdellah  (CIK 0001692116)","filingDate":"2024-10-24","adsh":"0001127602-24-025936"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_CRM_20251216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CRM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $CRM 2 days before a corporate insider (Kirk David Blair  (CIK 0002077892)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Kirk David Blair  (CIK 0002077892)","filingDate":"2025-12-18","adsh":"0001108524-25-000240"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_PM_20241023","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $PM 2 days before a corporate insider (Barth Werner  (CIK 0001647069)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PM","filer":"Barth Werner  (CIK 0001647069)","filingDate":"2024-10-25","adsh":"0001413329-24-000177"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_KVUE_20251001","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KVUE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $KVUE 2 days before a corporate insider (Wondrasch Michael  (CIK 0001776065)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KVUE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KVUE","filer":"Wondrasch Michael  (CIK 0001776065)","filingDate":"2025-10-03","adsh":"0001776065-25-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_EXE_20260217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EXE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $EXE 2 days before a corporate insider (Gallagher Matthew  (CIK 0001606915)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXE","filer":"Gallagher Matthew  (CIK 0001606915)","filingDate":"2026-02-19","adsh":"0001606915-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_MKC_20260202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MKC 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $MKC 2 days before a corporate insider (BRAMMAN ANNE L  (CIK 0001637584)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MKC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MKC","filer":"BRAMMAN ANNE L  (CIK 0001637584)","filingDate":"2026-02-04","adsh":"0000063754-26-000060"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_MU_20250414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MU 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $MU 3 days before a corporate insider (MEHROTRA SANJAY  (CIK 0001242654)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"MEHROTRA SANJAY  (CIK 0001242654)","filingDate":"2025-04-17","adsh":"0001562180-25-003195"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_IR_20250131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IR 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $IR 3 days before a corporate insider (Benarouche Fabrice  (CIK 0001976007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IR","filer":"Benarouche Fabrice  (CIK 0001976007)","filingDate":"2025-02-03","adsh":"0001062993-25-001504"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_DE_20250131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $DE 3 days before a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2025-02-03","adsh":"0001140361-25-002879"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_GLOB_20250228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GLOB 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $GLOB 3 days before a corporate insider (Davie Colin M.  (CIK 0002003376)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GLOB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GLOB","filer":"Davie Colin M.  (CIK 0002003376)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0000089800-25-000056"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_WBD_20251208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WBD 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $WBD 4 days before a corporate insider (Wiedenfels Gunnar  (CIK 0001694392)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Wiedenfels Gunnar  (CIK 0001694392)","filingDate":"2025-12-12","adsh":"0001437107-25-000224"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_MSFT_20241206","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (Numoto Takeshi  (CIK 0001899931)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Numoto Takeshi  (CIK 0001899931)","filingDate":"2024-12-10","adsh":"0001062993-24-020399"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_ABT_20251208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $ABT 4 days before a corporate insider (Salvadori Daniel Gesua Sive  (CIK 0001620564)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Salvadori Daniel Gesua Sive  (CIK 0001620564)","filingDate":"2025-12-12","adsh":"0001620564-25-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_CMG_20251103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $CMG 4 days before a corporate insider (Bush Matthew R  (CIK 0002086140)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMG","filer":"Bush Matthew R  (CIK 0002086140)","filingDate":"2025-11-07","adsh":"0001058090-25-000089"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_EXR_20251103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EXR 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow sell $EXR 4 days before a corporate insider (Margolis Joseph D  (CIK 0001330121)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXR","filer":"Margolis Joseph D  (CIK 0001330121)","filingDate":"2025-11-07","adsh":"0001628280-25-050694"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_AAPL_20250131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julia Letlow buy $AAPL 4 days before a corporate insider (SUGAR RONALD D  (CIK 0001216519)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"SUGAR RONALD D  (CIK 0001216519)","filingDate":"2025-02-04","adsh":"0000320193-25-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000595_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+25 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Julia Letlow accumulated 50 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 25 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":25,"totalRaw":50}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P52_L000595_BA","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $BA — BOEING's PAC also donated $8,000","explanation":"Julia Letlow executed 3 reported trades in $BA (BOEING). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE BOEING COMPANY PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $8,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","parent":"BOEING","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-02"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-23"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE BOEING COMPANY PAC","parent":"BOEING","total":8000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20BOEING%20COMPANY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20BOEING%20COMPANY%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_L000595_KO","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $KO — COCA-COLA's PAC also donated $7,000","explanation":"Julia Letlow executed 1 reported trade in $KO (COCA-COLA). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"COCA-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY UNITED INC COMMITTEE FOR GOOD GOVERNMENT\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","parent":"COCA-COLA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-03"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"COCA-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY UNITED INC COMMITTEE FOR GOOD GOVERNMENT","parent":"COCA-COLA","total":7000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COCA-COLA%20BOTTLING%20COMPANY%20UNITED%20INC%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20GOOD%20GOVERNMENT"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COCA-COLA%20BOTTLING%20COMPANY%20UNITED%20INC%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20GOOD%20GOVERNMENT","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_L000595","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $115,000","explanation":"Julia Letlow received campaign contributions totaling $115,000 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000); AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF THE USA, INC. ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":115000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF USA INC PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF THE USA, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_L000595_2024-10-23","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"58 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2024-10-23 — 58 unique tickers","explanation":"Julia Letlow executed 58 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2024-10-23 to 2024-10-23), spanning 58 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2024-10-23","windowEnd":"2024-10-23","tradeCount":58,"uniqueTickers":58,"totalDisclosedTrades":228,"sampleTickers":["PNC","HCN","NVDA","ABT","CF","TSM","PH","SYK","VRTX","CI"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000595","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 24 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 101 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Julia Letlow appears in 24 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 101 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 24 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (15); coordinated trade cluster (12); committee pac conflict (11); reg rule trade proximity (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":24,"totalFindings":101,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":12},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":11},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":4},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":4},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000595","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_L000595","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Letlow's campaign paid $7,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: LETLOW, LUKE ($7,000)","explanation":"Julia Letlow's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $7,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: LETLOW, LUKE ($7,000 across 1 payments, services: ELECTION BONUS). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":7000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"LETLOW, LUKE","total":7000,"count":1,"descriptions":["ELECTION BONUS"]}],"surname":"letlow"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2LA05126&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_L000595","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Letlow named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.4M total receipts) — top: LETLOW VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Julia Letlow appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: LETLOW VICTORY FUND (C00816058, $1.4M receipts, treasurer THOMASON, LEE MR.). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.39,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00816058","name":"LETLOW VICTORY FUND","receipts":1391908.1600000001,"treasurer":"THOMASON, LEE MR.","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816058/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816058/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00816058/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_L000595","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Letlow draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.4M PAC / $15.1M total)","explanation":"Julia Letlow's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.4M of $15.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.44,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.08,"pacSharePct":36.1,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2LA05126"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2LA05126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_L000595","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Letlow filed 113 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 82 distinct tickers, 53 buys, 60 sells","explanation":"Julia Letlow filed 113 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 53 were buy transactions and 60 were sells, spanning 82 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":113,"distinctTickers":82,"buys":53,"sells":60,"sampleTickers":["BXP","TRV","DINO","VST","PEG","EXE","META","T","TTWO","REGN","AVGO","ICLR"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_L000595","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julia Letlow executed 7 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL META (7d apart)","explanation":"Julia Letlow has 7 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL META 2025-01-31 → 2025-02-07 (7d) · BUY→SELL WAT 2024-10-23 → 2024-11-19 (27d) · BUY→SELL AMZN 2025-10-01 → 2025-10-22 (21d) · BUY→SELL RBLX 2025-10-16 → 2025-10-22 (6d) · BUY→SELL GLOB 2025-07-25 → 2025-08-08 (14d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":7,"samples":[{"ticker":"META","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-01-31","date2":"2025-02-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WAT","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-10-23","date2":"2024-11-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-10-01","date2":"2025-10-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RBLX","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-10-16","date2":"2025-10-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GLOB","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-07-25","date2":"2025-08-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMGN","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-10-23","date2":"2024-11-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"KHC","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-10-23","date2":"2024-11-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_L000595","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julia Letlow triggers 40 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Julia Letlow accumulates 40 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":40,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_L000595","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Letlow triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Julia Letlow accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P2","P3","P4","P6","P7","P10","P11","P15","P17","P18","P19","P20","P21","P22","P25","P32","P33","P36","P42","P43","P52","P61","P65","P78","P90","P109","P138","P139","P141"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_L000595_2024-10-23","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julia Letlow — 58 trades on 2024-10-23","explanation":"Julia Letlow disclosed 58 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2024-10-23). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2024-10-23","count":58}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_L000595","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Julia Letlow — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (228/228)","explanation":"Julia Letlow's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":228,"atBracket":228,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_L000595","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julia Letlow — 113 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Julia Letlow has traded 113 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":113,"sample":["BXP","TRV","DINO","VST","PEG","EXE","META","T","TTWO","REGN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_L000595","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Letlow — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Julia Letlow has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["PINS","RBLX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"A000372":[{"id":"P1_A000372_665w2c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL INTU 0d BEFORE HR 1617 — \"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded INTU (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1617 \"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1617","title":"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201617"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_zzniu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SPGI 0d BEFORE HR 25 — \"Fair Tax Act of 2009\" · sponsor R-GA","explanation":"Member traded SPGI (Finance) within 0 days of HR 25 \"Fair Tax Act of 2009\", sponsored by Rep. Linder, John [R-GA-7].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2026-01-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 25","title":"Fair Tax Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2026-01-14","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Linder, John [R-GA-7]","sponsorBioguide":"L000321","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2025"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_k0q1r0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ATO 1d after HR 10323 — \"Civil Nuclear Export Act of 2024\"","explanation":"Member traded ATO (Energy) within 1 days of HR 10323 \"Civil Nuclear Export Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","date":"2025-08-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 10323","title":"Civil Nuclear Export Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-08-18","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2010323"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_lcyh3v","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SCHW 1d BEFORE HR 3374 — \"Pink Tax Repeal Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SCHW (Finance) within 1 days of HR 3374 \"Pink Tax Repeal Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2025-07-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3374","title":"Pink Tax Repeal Act","introducedDate":"2025-07-11","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203374"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_i7axll","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TMO 1d after HR 2747 — \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TMO (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 2747 \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-05-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2747","title":"Healthy Affordable Housing Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202747"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_ia3bcv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NFLX 1d after HR 123 — \"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot P…\"","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 1 days of HR 123 \"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot Program Reauthorization Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2025-05-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 123","title":"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot Program Reauthorization Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20123"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_r8dbfg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TMO 1d after HRES 298 — \"Expressing support for the designation of April 7,…\"","explanation":"Member traded TMO (Healthcare) within 1 days of HRES 298 \"Expressing support for the designation of April 7, 2025, as \"World Health Day\" a\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 298","title":"Expressing support for the designation of April 7, 2025, as \"World Health Day\" and recognizing the importance of priorit","introducedDate":"2025-04-10","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20298"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_rxhlym","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SCHW 0d BEFORE HR 3909 — \"Cargo Flight Deck Security Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded SCHW (Finance) within 0 days of HR 3909 \"Cargo Flight Deck Security Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2024-09-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3909","title":"Cargo Flight Deck Security Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-09-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203909"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_47nlxp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 7d BEFORE HR 6227 — \"Adding Coccidioidomycosis to the FDA Priority Revi…\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 7 days of HR 6227 \"Adding Coccidioidomycosis to the FDA Priority Review Voucher Program Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-07-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6227","title":"Adding Coccidioidomycosis to the FDA Priority Review Voucher Program Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-07-23","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206227"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_6jrt2e","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 1d after HR 383 — \"To nullify the modifications made by the Food and…\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 383 \"To nullify the modifications made by the Food and Drug Administration in January\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-06-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 383","title":"To nullify the modifications made by the Food and Drug Administration in January 2023 to the risk evaluation and mitigat","introducedDate":"2024-06-12","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20383"]},{"id":"P1_A000372_3v6q0u","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NEE 3d BEFORE SRES 287 — \"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"Nati…\"","explanation":"Member traded NEE (Energy) within 3 days of SRES 287 \"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Da\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2020-09-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 287","title":"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day\".","introducedDate":"2020-09-28","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20287"]},{"id":"P2_A000372_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Rick Allen serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Agriculture","House Education"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://allen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1690","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000372","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/richard-w-allen/other-data?cycle=2022"]},{"id":"P2_A000372_4qq593","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL INSURANCE gave $8,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Rick Allen serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $8,500 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES PAC","total":8500,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Agriculture","House Education"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://allen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1690","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000372","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/richard-w-allen/other-data?cycle=2022"]},{"id":"P2_A000372_fnyrnr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Rick Allen serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Agriculture","House Education"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://allen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1690","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000372","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/richard-w-allen/other-data?cycle=2022"]},{"id":"P2_A000372_bubi56","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Rick Allen serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Agriculture","House Education"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://allen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1690","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000372","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/richard-w-allen/other-data?cycle=2022"]},{"id":"P2_A000372_jvb0ya","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Rick Allen serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Agriculture","House Education"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://allen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1690","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000372","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/richard-w-allen/other-data?cycle=2022"]},{"id":"P2_A000372_rkegb7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AFLAC INCORPORATED PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Rick Allen serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AFLAC INCORPORATED PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AFLAC INCORPORATED PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Agriculture","House Education"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://allen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1690","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000372","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/richard-w-allen/other-data?cycle=2022"]},{"id":"P2_A000372_nkq25u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PFIZER INC. PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Rick Allen serves on committees regulating Pharma (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $3,500 from PFIZER INC. PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PFIZER INC. PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Agriculture","House Education"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://allen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1690","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000372","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/richard-w-allen/other-data?cycle=2022"]},{"id":"P3_A000372_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 67% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 2 times (67%). In the same period they made 6 BUYS vs 4 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":2,"yesRate":67},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":6,"sells":4,"netBuy":2,"total":10}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_A000372_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 3 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":5,"sells":3,"netBuy":2,"total":8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_A000372_Telecom","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom trades filed 800d late on avg — overall avg only 783d","explanation":"In Telecom (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 800.0 days — versus 783.2 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":3,"avgGap":800},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":105,"avgGap":783},{"source":"pac","sector":"Telecom","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_A000372_RealEstate","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RealEstate trades filed 1599d late on avg — overall avg only 783d","explanation":"In RealEstate (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 1598.5 days — versus 783.2 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"RealEstate","count":4,"avgGap":1599},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":105,"avgGap":783},{"source":"pac","sector":"RealEstate","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_A000372_v9z5sz","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$521,229 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","explanation":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA spent $521,229 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00499020","name":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","support":521228.83,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499020/"]},{"id":"P6_A000372_d0md8m","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$335,396 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NFIB The Voice of Free Enterprise Inc.","explanation":"NFIB The Voice of Free Enterprise Inc. spent $335,396 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013509","name":"NFIB The Voice of Free Enterprise Inc.","support":335396,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013509/"]},{"id":"P6_A000372_d0mexq","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$280,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Associated Builders and Contractors Inc. (also direct donor)","explanation":"Associated Builders and Contractors Inc. spent $280,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013798","name":"Associated Builders and Contractors Inc.","support":280000,"oppose":0,"events":2},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013798/"]},{"id":"P7_A000372_x01tkw","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $11,646,762 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $11,646,762 opposing this member across 1727 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":11646761.93999976,"totalSupport":1629494.5799999998,"events":1727,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Majority PAC","oppose":5045657.65},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":2293181.45},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":994861.2300000001},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","oppose":747347.67},{"name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","oppose":694063.76}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_A000372_oh7eyn","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$19,373 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $19,373 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":37503.43,"oppose":56876.68000000001,"net":-19373.250000000007,"events":23,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":45078.530000000006,"types":["TP","O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":24307.690000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":12557.02,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":11798.15,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":552.9000000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000372_c22ovq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,050 donation spike on 2020-02-18 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-18 this committee recorded $50,050 across 42 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,410.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00504019","date":"2020-02-18","amount":50050,"count":42,"baseline":5410,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504019/"]},{"id":"P15_A000372_z24zl0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,740 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $64,740 across 49 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,341.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00779579","date":"2021-06-30","amount":64740,"count":49,"baseline":5341,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00779579/"]},{"id":"P17_A000372_ACN_2025-08-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-08-19 and 2025-08-26, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-08-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"}],"span":"2025-08-19 to 2025-08-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_GE_2017-05-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-05-15 and 2017-05-18, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2017-05-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"}],"span":"2017-05-15 to 2017-05-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_INTU_2026-02-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold INTU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-18 and 2026-02-25, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on INTU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"INTU","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2026-02-18 to 2026-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_INTU_2026-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold INTU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-19 and 2026-02-25, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on INTU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"INTU","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2026-02-19 to 2026-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_TMO_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 7 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":7,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 6 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":6,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_TMO_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_TMO_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_SCHW_2025-07-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought SCHW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-07-03 and 2025-07-10, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on SCHW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2025-07-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SCHW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-07-03 to 2025-07-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_INTU_2025-06-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought INTU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-17 and 2025-06-23, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on INTU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2025-06-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"INTU","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-06-17 to 2025-06-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000372_ABBV_2020-11-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABBV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-11-16 and 2020-11-20, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ABBV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2020-11-16","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABBV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"G000563","name":"Bob Gibbs"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2020-11-16 to 2020-11-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000372_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Allen executed 13 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2026-02-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2025-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Ohio; 2015 Ozone Moderate Reasonably Available Control Technology","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Ohio; 2015 Ozone Moderate Reasonably Available Control Technology","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000372_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Allen executed 9 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2026-02-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","date":"2025-08-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-12-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2021-03-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Significant New Use Rules on Certain Chemical Substances (23-3.5e); Correction","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-07-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000372_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Allen executed 7 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2026-01-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2025-07-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2024-09-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMP","date":"2024-04-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Truth in Lending (Regulation Z)","agency":"Federal Reserve System, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau","date":"2025-12-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Form PF; Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers; Further Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000372_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Allen executed 10 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-07-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-06-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-03-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2022-08-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit Program; Health Information Technology Standards and Implementation","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of the Secretary","date":"2024-06-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Index of Legally Marketed Unapproved New Animal Drugs for Minor Species","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-05-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_A000372_fcuglh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Allen campaign paid $11,156,551 to 100 surname-matched vendors, top: WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","explanation":"Rick Allen's campaign paid 295 disbursements totaling $11,156,551 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","total":2916346.4499999997,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":449426.08,"date":"2016-04-04","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":412331.74,"date":"2016-02-10","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL/SURVEY CALLS","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":296307.21,"date":"2016-01-07","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOLLY ALLEN ASSOCIATES, 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SERVICES","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE & VAN ALLEN PLLC","amount":215902.47,"date":"2018-08-30","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE & VAN ALLEN PLLC","amount":177388.5,"date":"2020-08-05","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALLEN WEST FOUNDATION","total":650000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ALLEN WEST FOUNDATION","amount":400000,"date":"2013-03-27","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION: DONATION","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ALLEN WEST FOUNDATION","amount":250000,"date":"2012-12-28","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION: CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GREGORY ALLEN MUNFORD INC","total":557383.1399999999,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GREGORY ALLEN MUNFORD INC","amount":92650.38,"date":"2014-08-06","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"GREGORY ALLEN MUNFORD INC","amount":87820.42,"date":"2021-07-14","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GREGORY ALLEN MUNFORD INC","amount":70329.18,"date":"2014-10-14","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GEORGE ALLEN FOR GOVERNOR","total":510000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"GEORGE ALLEN FOR GOVERNOR","amount":150000,"date":"1993-10-13","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1994},{"payee":"GEORGE ALLEN FOR GOVERNOR","amount":90000,"date":"1993-10-21","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1994},{"payee":"GEORGE ALLEN FOR GOVERNOR","amount":75000,"date":"1993-09-30","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"allen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1994}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WILSON%20PERKINS%20ALLEN"]},{"id":"P20_A000372_hcl42a","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 5 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Rick Allen sits on committees overseeing Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor and traded 5 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2026-01-14","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-05-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-07-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-03-14","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2021-03-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_A000372_Consumer","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Consumer BUYs filed 972d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Consumer (13 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Consumer","count":17,"avgGap":972,"buys":13,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":105,"avgGap":783}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_A000372_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 999d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (12 buys vs 6 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":18,"avgGap":999,"buys":12,"sells":6},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":105,"avgGap":783}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_A000372_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Rick Allen cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2026-01-14","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_A000372_1rky","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"23 trades in SSB (Other) — 10% of this member's 222 total trades","explanation":"Rick Allen has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"SSB","count":23,"buys":0,"sells":23,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2019-02-07","lastDate":"2023-03-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_A000372","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"65% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 10.1× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 222 disclosed trades, 145 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 10.1× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":145,"total":222,"rate":65.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":10.14}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_A000372","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Rick Allen sits on committees regulating Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor and actively trades in Healthcare, Agriculture, Pharma. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":9},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Agriculture","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":14}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_A000372","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 distinct pattern types firing; 3 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 2 more)","explanation":"Rick Allen has findings in 17 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 3 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":17,"totalFindings":53,"highSeverityCount":18,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Pharma","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_A000372_MMM_20200514","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MMM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $MMM 1 day after a corporate insider (BROWN THOMAS K  (CIK 0001190838)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMM","filer":"BROWN THOMAS K  (CIK 0001190838)","filingDate":"2020-05-13","adsh":"0001127602-20-016343","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_VZ_20210126","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $VZ 1 day after a corporate insider (Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)","filingDate":"2021-01-25","adsh":"0001062993-21-000583","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_SSB_20220505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSB 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 2 days after a corporate insider (PINNER ERNEST S  (CIK 0001237866)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"PINNER ERNEST S  (CIK 0001237866)","filingDate":"2022-05-03","adsh":"0001562180-22-003651","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_SSB_20210609","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSB 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 2 days after a corporate insider (MCCABE BRIAN K  (CIK 0001610736)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"MCCABE BRIAN K  (CIK 0001610736)","filingDate":"2021-06-07","adsh":"0000705432-21-000087","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_DIS_20210125","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DIS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $DIS 3 days after a corporate insider (McCarthy Christine M  (CIK 0001332169)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"McCarthy Christine M  (CIK 0001332169)","filingDate":"2021-01-22","adsh":"0001744489-21-000023","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_FCX_20211007","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FCX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $FCX 3 days after a corporate insider (STEPHENS JOHN JOSEPH  (CIK 0001258391)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCX","filer":"STEPHENS JOHN JOSEPH  (CIK 0001258391)","filingDate":"2021-10-04","adsh":"0001246360-21-000935","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_SSB_20230309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SSB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 3 days after a corporate insider (GIBSON LEE R  (CIK 0001217142)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"GIBSON LEE R  (CIK 0001217142)","filingDate":"2023-03-06","adsh":"0000705432-23-000040","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_CTAS_20240520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CTAS 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $CTAS 4 days after a corporate insider (BARRETT JOHN F  (CIK 0001184858)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTAS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTAS","filer":"BARRETT JOHN F  (CIK 0001184858)","filingDate":"2024-05-16","adsh":"0000892251-24-000051","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_ACN_20250912","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ACN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $ACN 4 days after a corporate insider (Walsh John F  (CIK 0001792845)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Walsh John F  (CIK 0001792845)","filingDate":"2025-09-08","adsh":"0001467373-25-000205","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_ABBV_20201116","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABBV 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $ABBV 4 days after a corporate insider (SALEKI-GERHARDT AZITA  (CIK 0001563545)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"SALEKI-GERHARDT AZITA  (CIK 0001563545)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001179110-20-011059","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_DE_20240814","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DE 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $DE 5 days after a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2024-08-09","adsh":"0001140361-24-036618","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_DOV_20200616","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DOV 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $DOV 5 days after a corporate insider (BARER SOL J  (CIK 0001247015)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOV","filer":"BARER SOL J  (CIK 0001247015)","filingDate":"2020-06-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-035779","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000372_SSB_20220404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SSB 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 5 days after a corporate insider (Williams Douglas Lloyd  (CIK 0001656514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"Williams Douglas Lloyd  (CIK 0001656514)","filingDate":"2022-03-30","adsh":"0001562180-22-003003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SBUX_20201116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SBUX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $SBUX 1 day before a corporate insider (Lis Angela  (CIK 0001831515)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Lis Angela  (CIK 0001831515)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001127602-20-029382"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_PYPL_20210715","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PYPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $PYPL 1 day before a corporate insider (Shivananda Sripada  (CIK 0001671005)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Shivananda Sripada  (CIK 0001671005)","filingDate":"2021-07-16","adsh":"0001633917-21-000140"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SSB_20230309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SSB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 1 day before a corporate insider (PAGE G RUFFNER JR  (CIK 0001199872)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"PAGE G RUFFNER JR  (CIK 0001199872)","filingDate":"2023-03-10","adsh":"0001562180-23-002692"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_DIS_20210125","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DIS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $DIS 2 days before a corporate insider (McCarthy Christine M  (CIK 0001332169)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"McCarthy Christine M  (CIK 0001332169)","filingDate":"2021-01-27","adsh":"0001744489-21-000025"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SBUX_20240520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SBUX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SBUX 3 days before a corporate insider (KELLY SARA  (CIK 0001971792)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"KELLY SARA  (CIK 0001971792)","filingDate":"2024-05-23","adsh":"0001127602-24-016487"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SBUX_20220125","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SBUX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SBUX 3 days before a corporate insider (Woods Gina  (CIK 0001842043)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Woods Gina  (CIK 0001842043)","filingDate":"2022-01-28","adsh":"0000899243-22-003577"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_ATVI_20231013","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ATVI 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $ATVI 3 days before a corporate insider (Carr Kerry  (CIK 0001556829)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATVI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATVI","filer":"Carr Kerry  (CIK 0001556829)","filingDate":"2023-10-16","adsh":"0000718877-23-000075"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SSB_20200316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSB 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 3 days before a corporate insider (WESTBROOK L ANDREW III  (CIK 0001328022)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"WESTBROOK L ANDREW III  (CIK 0001328022)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0000764038-20-000028"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_AMGN_20220818","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMGN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $AMGN 4 days before a corporate insider (Williams R Sanders  (CIK 0001375347)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"Williams R Sanders  (CIK 0001375347)","filingDate":"2022-08-22","adsh":"0001127602-22-021453"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SSB_20210218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSB 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 5 days before a corporate insider (POLLOK JOHN C  (CIK 0001226909)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"POLLOK JOHN C  (CIK 0001226909)","filingDate":"2021-02-23","adsh":"0001562180-21-001424"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_PYPL_20210210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PYPL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $PYPL 6 days before a corporate insider (Auerbach Jonathan  (CIK 0001643693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Auerbach Jonathan  (CIK 0001643693)","filingDate":"2021-02-16","adsh":"0001633917-21-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_DOV_20210615","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DOV 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $DOV 6 days before a corporate insider (GOLDSTEIN DOV A MD  (CIK 0001120478)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOV","filer":"GOLDSTEIN DOV A MD  (CIK 0001120478)","filingDate":"2021-06-21","adsh":"0001104659-21-083253"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SSB_20220216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSB 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 6 days before a corporate insider (Corbett John C  (CIK 0001362150)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"Corbett John C  (CIK 0001362150)","filingDate":"2022-02-22","adsh":"0001562180-22-001691"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_HD_20200514","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $HD 7 days before a corporate insider (JANA PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001159159)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"JANA PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001159159)","filingDate":"2020-05-21","adsh":"0000902664-20-002176"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_NEE_20210310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NEE 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $NEE 7 days before a corporate insider (Silagy Eric E  (CIK 0001546655)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"Silagy Eric E  (CIK 0001546655)","filingDate":"2021-03-17","adsh":"0000753308-21-000088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_DE_20210226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DE 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen buy $DE 7 days before a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2021-03-05","adsh":"0001140361-21-007536"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_CHD_20210310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CHD 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $CHD 7 days before a corporate insider (Bomhard Britta  (CIK 0001661832)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHD","filer":"Bomhard Britta  (CIK 0001661832)","filingDate":"2021-03-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-010938"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SSB_20220209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSB 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 7 days before a corporate insider (SHAMBURGER JULIE  (CIK 0001217147)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"SHAMBURGER JULIE  (CIK 0001217147)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0000705432-22-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SSB_20200415","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSB 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 8 days before a corporate insider (Lapointe Greg A  (CIK 0001769689)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"Lapointe Greg A  (CIK 0001769689)","filingDate":"2020-04-23","adsh":"0000764038-20-000034"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_PAYX_20260114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PAYX 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $PAYX 9 days before a corporate insider (GOLISANO B THOMAS  (CIK 0000903201)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAYX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAYX","filer":"GOLISANO B THOMAS  (CIK 0000903201)","filingDate":"2026-01-23","adsh":"0001193125-26-021014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000372_SSB_20201116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSB 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Allen sell $SSB 9 days before a corporate insider (HILL ROBERT R JR  (CIK 0001225909)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSB","filer":"HILL ROBERT R JR  (CIK 0001225909)","filingDate":"2020-11-25","adsh":"0001562180-20-006893"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_A000372_2021-07-20_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PYPL 5 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Rick Allen delivered a 838-word floor speech on 2021-07-20 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, Congress has appropriated well over $300 billion to State and local governments over the past 14 months to help provide broadband access, but we must ensure these funds are being utilized…\"). The member buy $PYPL (a Technology-sector stock) 5 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-07-20","chamber":"House","wordCount":838,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, Congress has appropriated well over $300 billion to State and local governments over the past 14 months to help provide broadband access, but we must ensure these funds are being utilized","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/20/167/127/CREC-2021-07-20-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/20/167/127/CREC-2021-07-20-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_A000372_2021-04-16_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TMO 4 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Rick Allen delivered a 380-word floor speech on 2021-04-16 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise in opposition to H.R. 1195. Madam Speaker, our healthcare and social service workers deserve tremen- dous praise for their work over the past year, as they have faced unprecedent…\"). The member sell $TMO (a Healthcare-sector stock) 4 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-04-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":380,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise in opposition to H.R. 1195. Madam Speaker, our healthcare and social service workers deserve tremen- dous praise for their work over the past year, as they have faced unprecedent","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/04/16/167/66/CREC-2021-04-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/04/16/167/66/CREC-2021-04-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_A000372_2020-07-23_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MRK 21 days before a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Rick Allen delivered a 205-word floor speech on 2020-07-23 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield my- self such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I understand we are in unprecedented times. But of the $10 bil- lion in spending that Democrats say go towards international coro…\"). The member buy $MRK (a Pharma-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-07-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":205,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield my- self such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I understand we are in unprecedented times. But of the $10 bil- lion in spending that Democrats say go towards international coro","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/23/166/130/CREC-2020-07-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/23/166/130/CREC-2020-07-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_A000372_2020-02-28_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 8 days before a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Rick Allen delivered a 212-word floor speech on 2020-02-28 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, we all agree that the current youth vaping trend is cause for concern, and we must evaluate strategies to prevent young people from using e-cigarettes and to- bacco products. But this b…\"). The member buy $WMT (a Staples-sector stock) 8 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-02-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":212,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, we all agree that the current youth vaping trend is cause for concern, and we must evaluate strategies to prevent young people from using e-cigarettes and to- bacco products. But this b","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/02/28/CREC-2020-02-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/02/28/CREC-2020-02-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_A000372_2019-10-18_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMGN 21 days before a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Rick Allen delivered a 254-word floor speech on 2019-10-18 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in opposition to Speaker PELOSI’s radical partisan prescription drug pricing plan. Let’s not forget the last time that Speaker PELOSI brought healthcare legislation it was ru…\"). The member buy $AMGN (a Pharma-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-10-18","chamber":"House","wordCount":254,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in opposition to Speaker PELOSI’s radical partisan prescription drug pricing plan. Let’s not forget the last time that Speaker PELOSI brought healthcare legislation it was ru","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/10/18/CREC-2019-10-18-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/10/18/CREC-2019-10-18-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_A000372_2018-05-16_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 7 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Rick Allen delivered a 219-word floor speech on 2018-05-16 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I rise today to urge all of my colleagues to join me in supporting H.R. 2, the Agri- culture and Nutrition Act of 2018. I have the great honor of rep- resenting Georgia’s 12th District w…\"). The member sell $WMT (a Staples-sector stock) 7 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-05-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":219,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I rise today to urge all of my colleagues to join me in supporting H.R. 2, the Agri- culture and Nutrition Act of 2018. I have the great honor of rep- resenting Georgia’s 12th District w","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/05/16/164/80/CREC-2018-05-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/05/16/164/80/CREC-2018-05-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_A000372_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Rick Allen executed 1 reported trade in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-14"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_A000372_PFE","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $PFE — PFIZER's PAC also donated $7,000","explanation":"Rick Allen executed 2 reported trades in $PFE (PFIZER). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"PFIZER INC. PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","parent":"PFIZER","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-15"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"PFIZER INC. PAC","parent":"PFIZER","total":7000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=PFIZER%20INC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=PFIZER%20INC.%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_A000372","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $98,800","explanation":"Rick Allen received campaign contributions totaling $98,800 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,300); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES ($8,500); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS ($7,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":98800,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANIES","donorTotal":8500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BUILDPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","donorTotal":7000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_A000372","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $64,740 on 2021-06-30 (12.1× normal)","explanation":"Rick Allen's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $64,740 on 2021-06-30 — 12.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":64740,"maxRatio":12.1,"maxAmount":64740},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-30","amount":64740,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":5341,"count":49,"cmteId":"C00779579","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00779579&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00779579/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00779579&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_A000372","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 24 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 98 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Rick Allen appears in 24 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 98 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 24 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (21); insider followed trade (13); coordinated trade cluster (12); trade near vote (11); committee pac conflict (7).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":24,"totalFindings":98,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":21},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":13},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":12},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":11},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":2},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/A000372","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_A000372","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Allen's campaign paid $6,249,563 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: WILSON PERKINS ALLEN ($2,916,346)","explanation":"Rick Allen's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 48 payments totaling $6,249,563 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WILSON PERKINS ALLEN ($2,916,346 across 17 payments, services: SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL · SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL/SURVEY CALLS · SURVEY RESEARCH/SURVEY TRACKING CALLS). Cycles covered: 2014, 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6249563.209999998,"paymentCount":48,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","total":2916346.4499999997,"count":17,"descriptions":["SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL","SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL/SURVEY CALLS","SURVEY RESEARCH/SURVEY TRACKING CALLS"]},{"payee":"MOORE & VAN ALLEN PLLC","total":948060.9500000001,"count":8,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES","LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","LEGAL SERVICES / PUBLIC RELATIONS"]},{"payee":"ALLEN WEST FOUNDATION","total":650000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE DONATION: DONATION","CHARITABLE DONATION: CHARITABLE DONATION"]},{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ALLEN & HUSSEY","total":458871.94999999995,"count":6,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"ENGLANDER, KNABE, ALLEN & ASSOCIATES","total":320027.47,"count":4,"descriptions":["POLITICAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","PRINTING"]}],"surname":"allen"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2GA12121&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P140_A000372","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Allen disclosed 13 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY 91282CGH8 $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Rick Allen has filed 13 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY 91282CGH8 $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-01-26 · BUY 91282CJP7 $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-12-03 · SELL SSB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-03-27 · BUY 91282CFN6 $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-12-23.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":13,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":1300013,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"91282CGH8","action":"BUY","date":"2026-01-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"91282CJP7","action":"BUY","date":"2024-12-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SSB","action":"SELL","date":"2023-03-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"91282CFN6","action":"BUY","date":"2022-12-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"912796X87","action":"BUY","date":"2022-10-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"912796U31","action":"BUY","date":"2022-09-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_A000372","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Allen executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ACN (20d apart)","explanation":"Rick Allen has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ACN 2019-09-27 → 2019-10-17 (20d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"ACN","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-09-27","date2":"2019-10-17","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_A000372","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Allen triggers 26 HIGH-severity findings across 28 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Rick Allen accumulates 26 HIGH-severity findings across 28 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":26,"distinctDetectorTypes":28}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_A000372","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Allen — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (222/222)","explanation":"Rick Allen's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":222,"atBracket":222,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_A000372","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Allen — 89 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Rick Allen has traded 89 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":89,"sample":["TSM","INTU","KMI","91282CLC3","91282CGH8","AWK","PAYX","SPGI","FERG","NFLX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_A000372","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Allen — 33 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Rick Allen disclosed 33 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":222,"noTickerTrades":33}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_A000372_SSB","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Allen — 23 disclosed trades in single ticker SSB","explanation":"Rick Allen traded SSB on 23 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SSB trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SSB","count":23}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"W000829":[{"id":"P1_W000829_9bca8k","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY WAL 0d BEFORE HR 6556 — \"Failing Bank Acquisition Fairness Act\"","explanation":"Member traded WAL (Finance) within 0 days of HR 6556 \"Failing Bank Acquisition Fairness Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6556","title":"Failing Bank Acquisition Fairness Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206556"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_14utya","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MU 0d BEFORE S 517 — \"Forest Data Modernization Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded MU (Technology) within 0 days of S 517 \"Forest Data Modernization Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 517","title":"Forest Data Modernization Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20517"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_4dltl5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AVGO 0d BEFORE S 517 — \"Forest Data Modernization Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AVGO (Technology) within 0 days of S 517 \"Forest Data Modernization Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 517","title":"Forest Data Modernization Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20517"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_rfw1o3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY CRM 0d BEFORE HR 1343 — \"Federal Broadband Deployment Tracking Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CRM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1343 \"Federal Broadband Deployment Tracking Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1343","title":"Federal Broadband Deployment Tracking Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201343"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_v94ghf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ANET 0d BEFORE HR 6275 — \"China AI Power Report Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ANET (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6275 \"China AI Power Report Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2026-02-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6275","title":"China AI Power Report Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206275"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_4mp8c4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY LRCX 0d BEFORE HR 6275 — \"China AI Power Report Act\"","explanation":"Member traded LRCX (Technology) within 0 days of HR 6275 \"China AI Power Report Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-02-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6275","title":"China AI Power Report Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206275"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_kks9s9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY WAL 0d BEFORE HR 7038 — \"Protecting Taxpayers from Risky Investments in Ven…\"","explanation":"Member traded WAL (Finance) within 0 days of HR 7038 \"Protecting Taxpayers from Risky Investments in Venezuela Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2026-02-09","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7038","title":"Protecting Taxpayers from Risky Investments in Venezuela Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-09","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207038"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_3u1nx5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY LRCX 0d BEFORE HR 339 — \"Broadband Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded LRCX (Technology) within 0 days of HR 339 \"Broadband Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-02-09","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 339","title":"Broadband Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-09","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20339"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_dey62j","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NOW 0d BEFORE HR 1736 — \"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NOW (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1736 \"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2026-02-04","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1736","title":"Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201736"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_hwj6zh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY TTWO 0d BEFORE HR 5227 — \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TTWO (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5227 \"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTWO","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5227","title":"Unleashing Low-Cost Rural AI Act","introducedDate":"2026-02-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205227"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_qx7gdw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY WAL 2d BEFORE HR 2441 — \"Improving Disclosure for Investors Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded WAL (Finance) within 2 days of HR 2441 \"Improving Disclosure for Investors Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2025-10-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2441","title":"Improving Disclosure for Investors Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-29","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202441"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_2bcctn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ANET 2d after HR 5173 — \"No Social Media at School Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ANET (Technology) within 2 days of HR 5173 \"No Social Media at School Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2025-10-27","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5173","title":"No Social Media at School Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-25","daysDiff":2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205173"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_ltcpr2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL LRCX 1d BEFORE HR 1541 — \"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deplo…\"","explanation":"Member traded LRCX (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1541 \"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deployment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2025-04-30","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1541","title":"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deployment Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-01","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201541"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_6ic5p3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ADBE 1d BEFORE HR 1541 — \"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deplo…\"","explanation":"Member traded ADBE (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1541 \"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deployment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","date":"2025-04-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1541","title":"Wireless Broadband Competition and Efficient Deployment Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-01","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201541"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_qbqm1j","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 9d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 9 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-02-28","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":9}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_W000829_3zmw01","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SQ 9d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded SQ (Technology) within 9 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","date":"2025-02-28","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":9}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P3_W000829_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":3,"sells":0,"netBuy":3,"total":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_W000829_1k1blc","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,220,000 lobbying spike near MU trade","explanation":"MU was lobbied $1,220,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $33,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"MU","recentTotal":1220000,"baselineAvg":33333,"recordCount":7,"topClients":["MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC.","MICRON"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_W000829_cdc657","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$540,000 lobbying spike near AVGO trade","explanation":"AVGO was lobbied $540,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $76,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"AVGO","recentTotal":540000,"baselineAvg":76667,"recordCount":4,"topClients":["BROADCOM INC.","BROADCOM INC","BROADCOM"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_W000829_43l4sc","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$180,000 lobbying spike near CRM trade","explanation":"CRM was lobbied $180,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $40,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"CRM","recentTotal":180000,"baselineAvg":40000,"recordCount":3,"topClients":["SALESFORCE.COM INC.","SALESFORCE.COM INC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_W000829_ycb8tn","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$270,000 lobbying spike near WAL trade","explanation":"WAL was lobbied $270,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2026-02-09","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"WAL","recentTotal":270000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":1,"topClients":["WESTERN ALLIANCE BANCORPORATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_W000829_5s4un0","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$170,000 lobbying spike near LRCX trade","explanation":"LRCX was lobbied $170,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $63,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-02-09","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"LRCX","recentTotal":170000,"baselineAvg":63333,"recordCount":3,"topClients":["LAM RESEARCH CORP.","LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_W000829_s6hpsa","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,290,000 lobbying spike near HIMS trade","explanation":"HIMS was lobbied $1,290,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $230,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HIMS","date":"2026-02-03","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"HIMS","recentTotal":1290000,"baselineAvg":230000,"recordCount":6,"topClients":["HIMS & HERS HEALTH INC.","HIMS & HERS HEALTH INC. (FORMERLY HIMS INC)"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_W000829_81n0ob","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,170,000 lobbying spike near DIS trade","explanation":"DIS was lobbied $1,170,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $476,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","date":"2025-10-27","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"DIS","recentTotal":1170000,"baselineAvg":476667,"recordCount":7,"topClients":["THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY","DISNEY WORLDWIDE SERVICES INC","THE WALT DISNEY CORPORATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P7_W000829_yl40g6","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $693,193 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $693,193 opposing this member across 11 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":693192.98,"totalSupport":5591.41,"events":11,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SPEAK FREE OR DIE PAC","oppose":693192.98}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000829_AVGO_2026-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-19 and 2026-02-26, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2026-02-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000829","name":"Tony Wied"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000490","name":"David Taylor"}],"span":"2026-02-19 to 2026-02-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000829_LRCX_2026-02-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LRCX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-03 and 2026-02-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on LRCX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LRCX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000110","name":"Cleo Fields"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000829","name":"Tony Wied"}],"span":"2026-02-03 to 2026-02-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000829_TTD_2026-02-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TTD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-03 and 2026-02-10, 3 members took the same direction on TTD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTD","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TTD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000829","name":"Tony Wied"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"}],"span":"2026-02-03 to 2026-02-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000829_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tony Wied executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2026-02-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2025-10-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 132","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Rules To Be Reviewed Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-01-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000829_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tony Wied executed 13 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2026-02-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2026-02-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2026-02-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2026-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Ohio; 2015 Ozone Moderate Reasonably Available Control Technology","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Ohio; 2015 Ozone Moderate Reasonably Available Control Technology","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000829_fs7h1i","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tony Wied campaign paid $5,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor, top: WIED, HENRY","explanation":"Tony Wied's campaign paid 1 disbursement totaling $5,000 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WIED, HENRY","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WIED, HENRY","amount":5000,"date":"2024-07-08","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wied","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WIED"]},{"id":"P22_W000829_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Tony Wied cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","daysDiff":18,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_W000829_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Tony Wied cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2026-02-09","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2026-02-04","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","daysDiff":15,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTWO","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","daysDiff":14,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_W000829_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of PAC dollars ($334,728) come from Party industry","explanation":"Tony Wied receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":334727.94999999995,"share":63.6,"totalPAC":526227.95,"pacCount":28},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":334727.94999999995,"share":63.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":75000,"share":14.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":66500,"share":12.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":30000,"share":5.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000829","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing; 2 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 1 more)","explanation":"Tony Wied has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 2 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":34,"highSeverityCount":19,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P39_W000829_Transportation___Infrastructur","pattern_type":"P39_COMMITTEE_CHAIR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Vice Chair of Transportation & Infrastructure — 44% of trades in Technology/Telecom stocks","explanation":"Tony Wied serves as Vice Chair on Transportation & Infrastructure, which oversees technology and telecom policy. 11 of their 25 tracked trades are in the sector they regulate (44%). Chairs and ranking members control agenda-setting, markup scheduling, and witness selection — a concentrated portfolio in the same sector is a textbook position-conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"committee_role","committee":"Transportation & Infrastructure","chamber":"house","role":"Vice Chair","sector":"Technology/Telecom"},{"source":"portfolio","totalTrades":25,"sectorTrades":11,"concentrationPct":44,"topTickers":[{"ticker":"LRCX","count":3},{"ticker":"ANET","count":2},{"ticker":"MU","count":1},{"ticker":"AVGO","count":1},{"ticker":"CRM","count":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_W000829_MSFT_20250228","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tony Wied executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-28","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_W000829_WAL_20260219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WAL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $WAL 1 day after a corporate insider (Jarvi Jessica H  (CIK 0001981756)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WAL","filer":"Jarvi Jessica H  (CIK 0001981756)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0001628280-26-009123","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000829_LRCX_20260212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LRCX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $LRCX 3 days after a corporate insider (BRANDT ERIC  (CIK 0001190639)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"BRANDT ERIC  (CIK 0001190639)","filingDate":"2026-02-09","adsh":"0001190639-26-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000829_WAL_20260209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WAL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $WAL 1 day before a corporate insider (Jarvi Jessica H  (CIK 0001981756)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WAL","filer":"Jarvi Jessica H  (CIK 0001981756)","filingDate":"2026-02-10","adsh":"0001628280-26-006870"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000829_MSFT_20250228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $MSFT 3 days before a corporate insider (Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-25-004143"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000829_WAL_20251027","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WAL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $WAL 3 days before a corporate insider (GIBBONS DALE  (CIK 0001331626)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WAL","filer":"GIBBONS DALE  (CIK 0001331626)","filingDate":"2025-10-30","adsh":"0001628280-25-047593"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000829_ANET_20260212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ANET 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $ANET 5 days before a corporate insider (Breithaupt Chantelle Yvette  (CIK 0001850596)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANET","filer":"Breithaupt Chantelle Yvette  (CIK 0001850596)","filingDate":"2026-02-17","adsh":"0001596532-26-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000829_CRM_20260217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $CRM 6 days before a corporate insider (Kirk David Blair  (CIK 0002077892)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Kirk David Blair  (CIK 0002077892)","filingDate":"2026-02-23","adsh":"0001108524-26-000032"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000829_ADBE_20250430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADBE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $ADBE 6 days before a corporate insider (Forusz Jillian  (CIK 0002031886)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Forusz Jillian  (CIK 0002031886)","filingDate":"2025-05-06","adsh":"0001628280-25-022694"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000829_NOW_20260204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOW 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tony Wied buy $NOW 8 days before a corporate insider (CAMERON SUSAN M.  (CIK 0001297075)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"CAMERON SUSAN M.  (CIK 0001297075)","filingDate":"2026-02-12","adsh":"0000897069-26-000301"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_W000829_Associated_General_Contractors_118986","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Associated General Contractors (AGC) of Kansas testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Tony Wied sits on House Small Business, which on 2026-02-24 held a hearing titled \"“Career and Technical Education: Developing the Future of Main Street Success.”\". The witness Mr. Mike Gibson (Associated General Contractors (AGC) of Kansas) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"118986","title":"“Career and Technical Education: Developing the Future of Main Street Success.”","date":"2026-02-24T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Mike Gibson","witnessOrg":"Associated General Contractors (AGC) of Kansas","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118986"},{"source":"donor","name":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ABC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ASSOCIATED%20BUILDERS%20AND%20CONTRACTORS%2C%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(ABC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118986","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ASSOCIATED%20BUILDERS%20AND%20CONTRACTORS%2C%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(ABC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_W000829_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Tony Wied sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_W000829_Georgia_s_Own_Credit_Union_117876","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Georgia's Own Credit Union testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Tony Wied sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks\". The witness Michael Sims (Georgia's Own Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"117876","title":"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Sims","witnessOrg":"Georgia's Own Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P61_W000829","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $45,000","explanation":"Tony Wied received campaign contributions totaling $45,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($5,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":45000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ABC PAC)","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_W000829","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 50 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tony Wied appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 50 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (16); lobby spike trade (7); insider front ran trade (7); coordinated trade cluster (3); hearing witness donor (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":50,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":16},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000829","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_W000829","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tony Wied's campaign paid $5,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: WIED, HENRY ($5,000)","explanation":"Tony Wied's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $5,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WIED, HENRY ($5,000 across 1 payments, services: ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WIED, HENRY","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"wied"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4WI08119&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_W000829","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tony Wied draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.6M PAC / $4.9M total)","explanation":"Tony Wied's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.6M of $4.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.86,"pacSharePct":32.3,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4WI08119"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4WI08119/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_W000829","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tony Wied disclosed 22 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 18 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY WAL $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Tony Wied has filed 22 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 18 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY WAL $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2026-02-19 · BUY MU $250,001 - $500,000 on 2026-02-19 · BUY AVGO $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2026-02-19 · BUY CRM $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2026-02-17.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":22,"veryHighCount":18,"lowerBoundSum":11650022,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"WAL","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-19","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"ANET","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"WAL","action":"BUY","date":"2026-02-09","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_W000829","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tony Wied triggers 23 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tony Wied accumulates 23 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":23,"distinctDetectorTypes":20}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"S001201":[{"id":"P1_S001201_mlkxds","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PLTR 0d BEFORE HR 1617 — \"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded PLTR (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1617 \"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2026-02-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1617","title":"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201617"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_dqx2le","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 1617 — \"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1617 \"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2026-02-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1617","title":"Wireless Resiliency and Flexible Investment Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201617"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_tqj8g3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NVDA 1d after HR 7381 — \"HEALTH AI\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of HR 7381 \"HEALTH AI\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-10-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7381","title":"HEALTH AI","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207381"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_tqj8g3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 1d after HR 7381 — \"HEALTH AI\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of HR 7381 \"HEALTH AI\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-10-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7381","title":"HEALTH AI","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207381"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_5euawd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 9219 — \"Weather Data Taxpayer Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 9219 \"Weather Data Taxpayer Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-10-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 9219","title":"Weather Data Taxpayer Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-10-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%209219"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_lmpu8y","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MS 3d after SRES 292 — \"A resolution condemning the brutal and senseless a…\"","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 3 days of SRES 292 \"A resolution condemning the brutal and senseless attack at a country music festi\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2022-01-07","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 292","title":"A resolution condemning the brutal and senseless attack at a country music festival in Las Vegas, Nevada, honoring the m","introducedDate":"2022-01-04","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20292"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_7db913","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL SPOT 9d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded SPOT (Technology) within 9 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPOT","date":"2021-12-28","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":-9,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_e9bbo4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMD 3d after HR 6012 — \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 3 days of HR 6012 \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain \", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2019-11-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":3,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206012"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_escy2m","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CI 3d after HR 1033 — \"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act with…\" · sponsor D-TN","explanation":"Member traded CI (Healthcare) within 3 days of HR 1033 \"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act with respect to temporary admission\", sponsored by Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","date":"2019-11-18","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1033","title":"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act with respect to temporary admission of nonimmigrant aliens to the United St","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":3,"sponsorName":"Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]","sponsorBioguide":"C001068","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"TN","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201033"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_vwo3q0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 3d after HR 6012 — \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 3 days of HR 6012 \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain \", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2019-11-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":3,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206012"]},{"id":"P1_S001201_6k5da","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMD 9d after S 2586 — \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty…\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 9 days of S 2586 \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for m\", sponsored by Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2019-03-05","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2586","title":"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for measuring equipment for telecommunication","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":9,"sponsorName":"Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]","sponsorBioguide":"F000062","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202586"]},{"id":"P2_S001201_36209i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINICPALS AND EMPLOYEES P gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from KPMG PARTNERS/PRINICPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINICPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001201","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Suozzi","http://suozzi.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001201_6xoux","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LPL FINANCIAL LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from LPL FINANCIAL LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (LPL PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LPL FINANCIAL LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (LPL PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001201","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Suozzi","http://suozzi.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001201_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001201","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Suozzi","http://suozzi.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001201_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001201","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Suozzi","http://suozzi.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001201_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001201","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Suozzi","http://suozzi.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001201_gopvjc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE MULTI CANDIDATE COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE MULTI CANDIDATE COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001201","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Suozzi","http://suozzi.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P4_S001201_Energy","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy trades filed 763d late on avg — overall avg only 652d","explanation":"In Energy (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 762.8 days — versus 651.7 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":29,"avgGap":763},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":396,"avgGap":652},{"source":"pac","sector":"Energy","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_S001201_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 690d late on avg — overall avg only 652d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 689.9 days — versus 651.7 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":34,"avgGap":690},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":396,"avgGap":652},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_S001201_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,194,206 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HMP (also direct donor)","explanation":"HMP spent $1,194,206 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"HMP","support":1194206.3699999999,"oppose":0,"events":21},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HMP","total":15000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_S001201_tfzsau","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,021,759 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BATTLEGROUND NEW YORK","explanation":"BATTLEGROUND NEW YORK spent $1,021,759 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00859355","name":"BATTLEGROUND NEW YORK","support":1021759,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859355/"]},{"id":"P6_S001201_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$902,176 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $902,176 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":902176,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_S001201_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$702,721 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $702,721 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":702721.01,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_S001201_texih8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$439,300 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Common Sense New York","explanation":"Common Sense New York spent $439,300 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 49 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00877191","name":"Common Sense New York","support":439300.19999999995,"oppose":0,"events":49}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877191/"]},{"id":"P6_S001201_tx4nuv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$272,362 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKERS VOTE","explanation":"WORKERS VOTE spent $272,362 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754051","name":"WORKERS VOTE","support":272362.38,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754051/"]},{"id":"P6_S001201_d0nkc3","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AFT Solidarity","explanation":"AFT Solidarity spent $250,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90015140","name":"AFT Solidarity","support":250000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90015140/"]},{"id":"P7_S001201_fcd7ov","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,774,743 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,774,743 opposing this member across 215 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3774742.8,"totalSupport":5298361.819999999,"events":215,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1691307.28},{"name":"Secure NYS PAC","oppose":1449640.5},{"name":"Congressional Leadership Fund","oppose":534951.94},{"name":"LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC","oppose":55000},{"name":"AMERICAN JOBS AND GROWTH PAC","oppose":42919.7}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001201_6acgia","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$43,748 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $43,748 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":43747.77,"oppose":0,"net":43747.77,"events":7,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":43439.35,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":308.42,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001201_clihmc","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $15,021,823 in itemized individual contributions, $9,670,075 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":15021823,"buckets":{"$200 and under":91575,"$200.01-$499":644557,"$500-$999":1413707,"$1000-$1999":3201909,"$2000 and over":9670075},"megaShare":64.4,"smallDonorShare":0.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001201_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3938 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,243,996 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3938× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,243,996. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":3938,"total":2243996,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001201_qb0wwt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$286,230 donation spike on 2022-07-29 — 24.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-07-29 this committee recorded $286,230 across 112 contributions — 24.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,546.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607200","date":"2022-07-29","amount":286230,"count":112,"baseline":11546,"ratio":24.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607200/"]},{"id":"P15_S001201_bmn9o5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,450 donation spike on 2021-08-23 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-23 this committee recorded $104,450 across 39 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,818.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607200","date":"2021-08-23","amount":104450,"count":39,"baseline":13818,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607200/"]},{"id":"P15_S001201_eu3u88","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,608 donation spike on 2016-08-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-31 this committee recorded $79,608 across 78 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,013.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607200","date":"2016-08-31","amount":79608,"count":78,"baseline":10013,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607200/"]},{"id":"P15_S001201_fdchky","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,000 donation spike on 2024-04-25 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-25 this committee recorded $76,000 across 36 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,366.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607200","date":"2024-04-25","amount":76000,"count":36,"baseline":6366,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607200/"]},{"id":"P15_S001201_ovnes","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,040 donation spike on 2025-08-26 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-26 this committee recorded $75,040 across 43 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,698.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607200","date":"2025-08-26","amount":75040,"count":43,"baseline":9698,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607200/"]},{"id":"P17_S001201_QCOM_2021-05-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-05-28 and 2021-06-02, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2021-05-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"}],"span":"2021-05-28 to 2021-06-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001201_JCI_2017-12-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold JCI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-12-01 and 2017-12-06, 3 members took the same direction on JCI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JCI","date":"2017-12-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"JCI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"}],"span":"2017-12-01 to 2017-12-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001201_DAL_2020-04-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-27 and 2020-05-04, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on DAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"}],"span":"2020-04-27 to 2020-05-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001201_GLW_2019-05-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GLW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-08 and 2019-05-15, 3 members took the same direction on GLW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GLW","date":"2019-05-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GLW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-05-08 to 2019-05-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001201_GLW_2019-05-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GLW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-11 and 2019-05-17, 3 members took the same direction on GLW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GLW","date":"2019-05-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GLW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-05-11 to 2019-05-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001201_CAT_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001201_CAT_2020-04-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-14 and 2020-04-16, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-04-14 to 2020-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001201_REGN_2019-09-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold REGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-09-16 and 2019-09-20, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on REGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2019-09-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"REGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2019-09-16 to 2019-09-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001201_GNRC_2022-05-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GNRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-05-05 and 2022-05-11, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GNRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","date":"2022-05-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GNRC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000559","name":"James R. Langevin"}],"span":"2022-05-05 to 2022-05-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001201_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"94 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Suozzi executed 94 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Ohio; 2015 Ozone Moderate Reasonably Available Control Technology","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Ohio; 2015 Ozone Moderate Reasonably Available Control Technology","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001201_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Suozzi executed 12 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-10-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2022-01-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2021-11-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2021-11-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-09-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing; Emergency Temporary Standard","agency":"Labor Department, Occupational Safety and Health Administration","date":"2021-12-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001201_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Suozzi executed 7 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2024-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2022-09-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2022-03-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-01-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2022-09-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001201_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Suozzi executed 20 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","date":"2022-11-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2022-05-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2022-01-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2021-11-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Electronic Recordkeeping Requirements for Broker-Dealers, Security-Based Swap Dealers, and Major Security-Based Swap Par","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2022-11-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2022-04-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001201_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Suozzi executed 12 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JAZZ","date":"2022-09-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JAZZ","date":"2021-10-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRSP","date":"2021-09-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2021-06-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Radiation Oncology (RO) Model","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2022-08-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Import Tolerances for Residues of Unapproved New Animal Drugs in Food","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2021-09-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001201_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Suozzi executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-05-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-03-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":6,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Exclusion of Demurrage Regulation From Certain Class Exemptions","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001201_ggh3zr","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Suozzi campaign paid $11,440,084 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi's campaign paid 95 disbursements totaling $11,440,084 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","total":9569721.780000001,"count":73,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","amount":569194,"date":"2024-10-02","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","amount":528101.5,"date":"2024-06-06","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","amount":471400,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","total":616918,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","amount":144482,"date":"2006-01-30","description":"DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","amount":143035,"date":"2006-08-17","description":"DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","amount":94230,"date":"2006-07-01","description":"DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NORMAN, RALPH W MR.","total":350000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NORMAN, RALPH W MR.","amount":250000,"date":"2021-01-19","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NORMAN, RALPH W MR.","amount":100000,"date":"2021-01-19","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY, INC.","total":318979.18000000005,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY, INC.","amount":110069.62,"date":"2006-11-16","description":"DIRECT MAIL FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY, INC.","amount":55642.04,"date":"2006-11-08","description":"DIRECT MAIL FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY, INC.","amount":53519.28,"date":"2006-11-02","description":"DIRECT MAIL FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","total":140125,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","amount":77125,"date":"2006-01-18","description":"DIRECT MAIL FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","amount":63000,"date":"2007-02-12","description":"DIRECT MAIL FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CUMMINGS, NORMAN B.","total":135000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CUMMINGS, NORMAN B.","amount":135000,"date":"2012-02-21","description":"CONSULTANT-RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THE%20RICHARD%20NORMAN%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P20_S001201_crhkev","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 8 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sits on committees overseeing Defense, Finance, Healthcare and traded 8 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":25266115.07,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"URI","date":"2026-02-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":104508.9,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2022-01-07","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":560104,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2019-11-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2019-10-21","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_S001201_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 717d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (36 buys vs 26 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":62,"avgGap":717,"buys":36,"sells":26},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":396,"avgGap":652}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S001201","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"86% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 13.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 631 disclosed trades, 542 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 13.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":542,"total":631,"rate":85.9},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":13.34}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_S001201","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sits on committees regulating Defense, Finance, Healthcare and actively trades in Defense, Healthcare, Finance. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":15},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":22},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":34}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001201","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi has findings in 16 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":16,"totalFindings":55,"highSeverityCount":18,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_S001201_INTC_20190215","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in INTC 22 days before SEC action","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi traded INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2019-02-15","title":"Inteligentry, Ltd., PlasmERG, Inc., PTP Licensing, Ltd. and John P. Rohner","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24401"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-24","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24401"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_MSFT_20211124","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-24","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_AAPL_20211118","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q4 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-18","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_AAPL_20211019","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2021-Q4 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a buy in AAPL during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-19","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_AAPL_20210603","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2021-Q2 while APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a buy in AAPL during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT","APPLE INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_TSLA_20210407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2021-Q2 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a sell in TSLA during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-07","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_LLY_20210303","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LLY in 2021-Q1 while ELI LILLY AND COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a buy in LLY during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, LILLY USA, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-03","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","LILLY USA, LLC","TIBER CREEK HEALTH STRATEGIES, INC. (ON BEHALF OF ELI LILLY AND COMPANY)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_TSLA_20210302","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2021-Q1 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a buy in TSLA during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-02","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_AAPL_20201124","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q4 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-24","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001201_MA_20170105","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2017-Q1 while MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed a sell in MA during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED, MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-05","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED","MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE","MASTERCARD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_V_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $V 1 day after a corporate insider (Versant Vantage I, L.P.  (CIK 0001765253)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Versant Vantage I, L.P.  (CIK 0001765253)","filingDate":"2021-06-03","adsh":"0000899243-21-021800","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_CSCO_20200213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CSCO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $CSCO 1 day after a corporate insider (Robbins Charles  (CIK 0001559655)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Robbins Charles  (CIK 0001559655)","filingDate":"2020-02-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-008957","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_UBER_20210113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $UBER 1 day after a corporate insider (KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)","filingDate":"2021-01-12","adsh":"0001562180-21-000332","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_MSFT_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Walmsley Emma N  (CIK 0001795429)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Walmsley Emma N  (CIK 0001795429)","filingDate":"2021-06-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-005371","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_F_20211006","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $F 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $F 1 day after a corporate insider (PESSIN NORMAN H  (CIK 0000923666)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"PESSIN NORMAN H  (CIK 0000923666)","filingDate":"2021-10-05","adsh":"0001140361-21-033626","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_F_20210603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $F 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $F 1 day after a corporate insider (FMR LLC  (CIK 0000315066)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"FMR LLC  (CIK 0000315066)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0000315066-21-001555","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_SQ_20220505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SQ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $SQ 1 day after a corporate insider (Ahuja Amrita  (CIK 0001765417)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Ahuja Amrita  (CIK 0001765417)","filingDate":"2022-05-04","adsh":"0001209191-22-027188","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_NVDA_20220304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001045810-22-000015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_URI_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $URI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $URI 1 day after a corporate insider (HARKHAM URI P  (CIK 0001051410)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"HARKHAM URI P  (CIK 0001051410)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001567619-20-006772","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_BWA_20210401","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BWA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $BWA 1 day after a corporate insider (Demmerle Stefan  (CIK 0001559086)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BWA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BWA","filer":"Demmerle Stefan  (CIK 0001559086)","filingDate":"2021-03-31","adsh":"0001225208-21-006128","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_GNRC_20220304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GNRC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $GNRC 1 day after a corporate insider (Kanuru Rajendra Kumar  (CIK 0001806673)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Kanuru Rajendra Kumar  (CIK 0001806673)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001437749-22-005182","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_CTLT_20210603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CTLT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $CTLT 1 day after a corporate insider (Castellano Thomas P  (CIK 0001861137)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTLT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTLT","filer":"Castellano Thomas P  (CIK 0001861137)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001596783-21-000071","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_AI_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $AI 1 day after a corporate insider (Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AI","filer":"Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-017188","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_WM_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $WM 2 days after a corporate insider (Ross Jack J.  (CIK 0001469109)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WM","filer":"Ross Jack J.  (CIK 0001469109)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0001104659-20-035356","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_PPG_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PPG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $PPG 2 days after a corporate insider (Liebert Rebecca B.  (CIK 0001744488)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Liebert Rebecca B.  (CIK 0001744488)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001209191-21-037100","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_DXCM_20210603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DXCM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $DXCM 2 days after a corporate insider (Blackford Quentin S.  (CIK 0001612451)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"Blackford Quentin S.  (CIK 0001612451)","filingDate":"2021-06-01","adsh":"0001093557-21-000161","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_NVDA_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $NVDA 2 days after a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001045810-21-000068","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_WY_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $WY 2 days after a corporate insider (HEYNEMAN JOHN M JR  (CIK 0001198518)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WY","filer":"HEYNEMAN JOHN M JR  (CIK 0001198518)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0000860413-21-000184","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_AAPL_20211118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $AAPL 2 days after a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2021-11-16","adsh":"0000320193-21-000114","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_LLY_20210505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $LLY 2 days after a corporate insider (TAI JACKSON P  (CIK 0001173275)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"TAI JACKSON P  (CIK 0001173275)","filingDate":"2021-05-03","adsh":"0000059478-21-000124","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_DOW_20211104","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DOW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $DOW 2 days after a corporate insider (Fitterling James R  (CIK 0001490029)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOW","filer":"Fitterling James R  (CIK 0001490029)","filingDate":"2021-11-02","adsh":"0001751788-21-000133","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_CVS_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CVS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $CVS 2 days after a corporate insider (MERLO LARRY J  (CIK 0001194413)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVS","filer":"MERLO LARRY J  (CIK 0001194413)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001127602-21-018738","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_URI_20210505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $URI 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $URI 2 days after a corporate insider (Limoges Andrew B.  (CIK 0001754488)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"Limoges Andrew B.  (CIK 0001754488)","filingDate":"2021-05-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-029469","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_BA_20220304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $BA 2 days after a corporate insider (Caret Leanne G  (CIK 0001668346)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Caret Leanne G  (CIK 0001668346)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001225208-22-003909","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_ALL_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ALL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $ALL 2 days after a corporate insider (GRASBERGER F NICHOLAS  III  (CIK 0001208282)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALL","filer":"GRASBERGER F NICHOLAS  III  (CIK 0001208282)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001209191-21-037049","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001201_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+19 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi accumulated 44 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 19 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":19,"totalRaw":44}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_LOW_20200825","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LOW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $LOW 1 day before a corporate insider (A WILHELMSEN A S  (CIK 0001280467)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"A WILHELMSEN A S  (CIK 0001280467)","filingDate":"2020-08-26","adsh":"0001567619-20-016034"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_PPG_20210301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $PPG 1 day before a corporate insider (Foulkes Anne M.  (CIK 0001748676)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Foulkes Anne M.  (CIK 0001748676)","filingDate":"2021-03-02","adsh":"0001209191-21-015805"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_DXCM_20200109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DXCM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $DXCM 1 day before a corporate insider (Murphy Patrick Michael  (CIK 0001692785)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"Murphy Patrick Michael  (CIK 0001692785)","filingDate":"2020-01-10","adsh":"0001093557-20-000008"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_SQ_20210520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SQ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $SQ 1 day before a corporate insider (Kempthorne Dirk A  (CIK 0001463021)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Kempthorne Dirk A  (CIK 0001463021)","filingDate":"2021-05-21","adsh":"0000315213-21-000061"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_WY_20210803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $WY 1 day before a corporate insider (BASELINE VENTURES 2009 LLC  (CIK 0001453518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WY","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WY","filer":"BASELINE VENTURES 2009 LLC  (CIK 0001453518)","filingDate":"2021-08-04","adsh":"0000899243-21-031595"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_CVS_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CVS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $CVS 1 day before a corporate insider (Rice Derica W  (CIK 0001359067)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVS","filer":"Rice Derica W  (CIK 0001359067)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-009169"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_ALL_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ALL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $ALL 1 day before a corporate insider (ONEX CORP  (CIK 0000937226)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALL","filer":"ONEX CORP  (CIK 0000937226)","filingDate":"2021-03-05","adsh":"0000895345-21-000265"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_ZS_20210106","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ZS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $ZS 1 day before a corporate insider (Schneider David  (CIK 0001402350)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZS","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZS","filer":"Schneider David  (CIK 0001402350)","filingDate":"2021-01-07","adsh":"0001713683-21-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_AI_20210505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $AI 1 day before a corporate insider (Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AI","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AI","filer":"Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)","filingDate":"2021-05-06","adsh":"0001209191-21-030700"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_IPGP_20210415","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $IPGP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $IPGP 1 day before a corporate insider (Ness Trevor  (CIK 0001568884)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IPGP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IPGP","filer":"Ness Trevor  (CIK 0001568884)","filingDate":"2021-04-16","adsh":"0001111928-21-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_FEYE_20200107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FEYE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $FEYE 1 day before a corporate insider (Robbins William T  (CIK 0001455951)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FEYE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FEYE","filer":"Robbins William T  (CIK 0001455951)","filingDate":"2020-01-08","adsh":"0001209191-20-002620"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_CHGG_20200803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CHGG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $CHGG 1 day before a corporate insider (Schultz Nathan J.  (CIK 0001586632)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHGG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHGG","filer":"Schultz Nathan J.  (CIK 0001586632)","filingDate":"2020-08-04","adsh":"0001364954-20-000174"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_AXP_20200505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AXP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $AXP 2 days before a corporate insider (VASELLA DANIEL  (CIK 0001189152)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"VASELLA DANIEL  (CIK 0001189152)","filingDate":"2020-05-07","adsh":"0001127602-20-015728"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_V_20200129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $V 2 days before a corporate insider (Youngren Bryce  (CIK 0001489625)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Youngren Bryce  (CIK 0001489625)","filingDate":"2020-01-31","adsh":"0000899243-20-002427"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_URI_20260218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $URI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $URI 2 days before a corporate insider (Rubin Uri  (CIK 0002022718)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"Rubin Uri  (CIK 0002022718)","filingDate":"2026-02-20","adsh":"0002022718-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_GS_20220516","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $GS 2 days before a corporate insider (DISABATO JOSEPH P  (CIK 0001052579)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GS","filer":"DISABATO JOSEPH P  (CIK 0001052579)","filingDate":"2022-05-18","adsh":"0001209191-22-030302"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_AI_20210301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $AI 2 days before a corporate insider (Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AI","filer":"Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-017188"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_FCEL_20201125","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FCEL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $FCEL 2 days before a corporate insider (Few Jason  (CIK 0001408158)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCEL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCEL","filer":"Few Jason  (CIK 0001408158)","filingDate":"2020-11-27","adsh":"0001104659-20-129790"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_CHGG_20200901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CHGG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $CHGG 2 days before a corporate insider (BROWN ANDREW J  (CIK 0001226866)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHGG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHGG","filer":"BROWN ANDREW J  (CIK 0001226866)","filingDate":"2020-09-03","adsh":"0001364954-20-000187"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_GLW_20200414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GLW 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $GLW 3 days before a corporate insider (Musser Eric S  (CIK 0001323968)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GLW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GLW","filer":"Musser Eric S  (CIK 0001323968)","filingDate":"2020-04-17","adsh":"0001127602-20-014049"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_AMD_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $AMD 3 days before a corporate insider (Pilla John A  (CIK 0001433312)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"Pilla John A  (CIK 0001433312)","filingDate":"2020-03-06","adsh":"0001567619-20-005853"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_WMT_20251014","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $WMT 3 days before a corporate insider (Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)","filingDate":"2025-10-17","adsh":"0001579299-25-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_F_20200103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $F 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi buy $F 4 days before a corporate insider (PERELMAN RONALD O  (CIK 0001186472)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"PERELMAN RONALD O  (CIK 0001186472)","filingDate":"2020-01-07","adsh":"0001140361-20-000401"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_NVDA_20210604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $NVDA 4 days before a corporate insider (SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)","filingDate":"2021-06-08","adsh":"0001045810-21-000093"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_VZ_20221110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sell $VZ 4 days before a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2022-11-14","adsh":"0001062993-22-021902"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001201_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+37 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi accumulated 62 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 37 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":37,"totalRaw":62}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_S001201_Communications_Workers_of_Amer_118811","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Communications Workers of America testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade, which on 2026-01-13 held a hearing titled \"Maintaining American Innovation and Technology Leadership\". The witness Mr. Dan Mauer (Communications Workers of America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade","eventId":"118811","title":"Maintaining American Innovation and Technology Leadership","date":"2026-01-13T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Dan Mauer","witnessOrg":"Communications Workers of America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118811"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA-COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNICATIONS%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA-COPE%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118811","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNICATIONS%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA-COPE%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001201_AFSCME_Council_28_the_Washingt_117860","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AFSCME Council 28, the Washington Federation of State Employees testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare, which on 2025-02-06 held a hearing titled \"Time's Running Out: Prosecuting Fraudsters for Stealing Billions in Unemployment Benefits from American Workers\". The witness Shelby Meyenburg (AFSCME Council 28, the Washington Federation of State Employees) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare","eventId":"117860","title":"Time's Running Out: Prosecuting Fraudsters for Stealing Billions in Unemployment Benefits from American Workers","date":"2025-02-06T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Shelby Meyenburg","witnessOrg":"AFSCME Council 28, the Washington Federation of State Employees","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117860"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES PEOPLE (AFSCME)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20FEDERATION%20OF%20STATE%20COUNTY%20%26%20MUNICIPAL%20EMPLOYEES%20PEOPLE%20(AFSCME)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117860","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20FEDERATION%20OF%20STATE%20COUNTY%20%26%20MUNICIPAL%20EMPLOYEES%20PEOPLE%20(AFSCME)"]},{"id":"P47_S001201_United_Steelworkers_115766","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Steelworkers testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade, which on 2023-04-18 held a hearing titled \"Countering China’s Trade and Investment Agenda: Opportunities for American Leadership\". The witness Mr. Roy Houseman (United Steelworkers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade","eventId":"115766","title":"Countering China’s Trade and Investment Agenda: Opportunities for American Leadership","date":"2023-04-18T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Roy Houseman","witnessOrg":"United Steelworkers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115766"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"PA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STEELWORKERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115766","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STEELWORKERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20FUND"]},{"id":"P49_S001201_2021-03-10_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CVS 26 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi delivered a 477-word floor speech on 2021-03-10 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, the other side of the aisle is peddling a false nar- rative. This bill is not loaded with pork. It is not a blue State bailout. It is a comprehensive plan to help people crushed by the vi…\"). The member buy $CVS (a Healthcare-sector stock) 26 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-03-10","chamber":"House","wordCount":477,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, the other side of the aisle is peddling a false nar- rative. This bill is not loaded with pork. It is not a blue State bailout. It is a comprehensive plan to help people crushed by the vi","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/03/10/CREC-2021-03-10-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/03/10/CREC-2021-03-10-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001201_2020-07-01_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 28 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi delivered a 259-word floor speech on 2020-07-01 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the Moving Forward Act, expertly led by Chairman DEFAZIO. This transformative $1.5 trillion in- frastructure investment, the largest in our Nation’s history, would no…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 28 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-07-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":259,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the Moving Forward Act, expertly led by Chairman DEFAZIO. This transformative $1.5 trillion in- frastructure investment, the largest in our Nation’s history, would no","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/01/166/121/CREC-2020-07-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/01/166/121/CREC-2020-07-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001201_2020-02-28_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WMT 3 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi delivered a 832-word floor speech on 2020-02-28 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I in- clude in the RECORD an analysis by the Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, show- ing that e-cigarette use is dramatically higher among high school and middle school students than amon…\"). The member sell $WMT (a Staples-sector stock) 3 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-02-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":832,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I in- clude in the RECORD an analysis by the Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, show- ing that e-cigarette use is dramatically higher among high school and middle school students than amon","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/02/28/CREC-2020-02-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/02/28/CREC-2020-02-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001201_2020-01-27_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 18 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi delivered a 411-word floor speech on 2020-01-27 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 5671, the Mer- chant Mariners of World War II Con- gressional Gold Medal Act, introduced by Representative GARAMENDI. This act will award a Congressional…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 18 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":411,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 5671, the Mer- chant Mariners of World War II Con- gressional Gold Medal Act, introduced by Representative GARAMENDI. This act will award a Congressional","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/27/CREC-2020-01-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/27/CREC-2020-01-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001201_2019-12-11_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LLY 23 days before a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi delivered a 264-word floor speech on 2019-12-11 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Madam Chair, I thank Chairman NEAL for yielding me time. Madam Chair, I rise in strong support of H.R. 3. I think this is one of the most important issues facing America today. The American people are…\"). The member sell $LLY (a Pharma-sector stock) 23 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-12-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":264,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Madam Chair, I thank Chairman NEAL for yielding me time. Madam Chair, I rise in strong support of H.R. 3. I think this is one of the most important issues facing America today. The American people are","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001201_2019-02-27_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CAT 6 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi delivered a 460-word floor speech on 2019-02-27 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I just voted for H.R. 8, and I stand in support of H.R. 1112. It has been 1 year since Parkland. It has been 6 years since Sandy Hook. It has been 19 years since Columbine. It has been…\"). The member buy $CAT (a Industrials-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-02-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":460,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I just voted for H.R. 8, and I stand in support of H.R. 1112. It has been 1 year since Parkland. It has been 6 years since Sandy Hook. It has been 19 years since Columbine. It has been ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/02/27/CREC-2019-02-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/02/27/CREC-2019-02-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001201_2018-04-26_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GE 12 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi delivered a 511-word floor speech on 2018-04-26 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, last year was the safest on record for commercial air travel, and the United States has one of the safest sys- tems in the world. However, last Tuesday’s emergency landing by Southwest Airl…\"). The member sell $GE (a Industrials-sector stock) 12 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-04-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":511,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, last year was the safest on record for commercial air travel, and the United States has one of the safest sys- tems in the world. However, last Tuesday’s emergency landing by Southwest Airl","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/04/26/CREC-2018-04-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/04/26/CREC-2018-04-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_S001201","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $246,400","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi received campaign contributions totaling $246,400 from 29 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 29 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TAKE BACK THE COURT ACTION FUND ($51,400); UNITE HERE! ($15,000); SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION ($15,000); AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":29,"totalDollars":246400,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"TAKE BACK NY-3","ldaClient":"TAKE BACK THE COURT ACTION FUND","donorTotal":51400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION - SEAFARERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NA-AGLIW","ldaClient":"SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001201","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $286,230 on 2022-07-29 (24.8× normal)","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $286,230 on 2022-07-29 — 24.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":362230,"maxRatio":24.8,"maxAmount":286230},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-07-29","amount":286230,"ratio":24.8,"baselineDaily":11546,"count":112,"cmteId":"C00607200","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607200&min_date=2022-07-29&max_date=2022-07-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-04-25","amount":76000,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":6366,"count":36,"cmteId":"C00607200","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607200&min_date=2024-04-25&max_date=2024-04-25"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607200/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607200&min_date=2022-07-29&max_date=2022-07-29"]},{"id":"P65_S001201_2021-06-02","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"47 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-06-02 — 42 unique tickers","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi executed 47 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-06-02 to 2021-06-09), spanning 42 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-06-02","windowEnd":"2021-06-09","tradeCount":47,"uniqueTickers":42,"totalDisclosedTrades":631,"sampleTickers":["SPLK","QCOM","LRNZ","CTLT","PEJ","AI","IPGP","CRSP","DXCM","PYPL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001201","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 26 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 131 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi appears in 26 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 131 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 26 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); trade near vote (11); coordinated trade cluster (9); lobbying timeline trade (9).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":26,"totalFindings":131,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":11},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":9},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":2}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001201","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_S001201","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Suozzi named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Thomas Suozzi","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-61/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-61/"]},{"id":"P140_S001201","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Suozzi disclosed 9 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 3 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY NVDA $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi has filed 9 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 3 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY NVDA $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-09-26 · BUY AMD $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2022-09-26 · SELL DPZ $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-09-26 · BUY MS $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-11-24.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":9,"veryHighCount":3,"lowerBoundSum":1600009,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","date":"2022-09-26","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","date":"2022-09-26","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"DPZ","action":"SELL","date":"2022-09-26","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","date":"2021-11-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FCEL","action":"SELL","date":"2020-12-01","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FCEL","action":"BUY","date":"2020-11-25","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S001201","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Suozzi executed 64 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AAPL (1d apart)","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi has 64 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AAPL 2018-11-01 → 2018-11-02 (1d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2018-11-02 → 2018-11-04 (2d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2021-05-05 → 2021-06-03 (29d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2021-06-03 → 2021-06-04 (1d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2021-10-19 → 2021-11-18 (30d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":64,"samples":[{"ticker":"AAPL","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-01","date2":"2018-11-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":2,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-11-02","date2":"2018-11-04","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-05-05","date2":"2021-06-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-06-03","date2":"2021-06-04","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-10-19","date2":"2021-11-18","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AMD","days":26,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-06-04","date2":"2021-06-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AMD","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-09-26","date2":"2022-09-26","amount1":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-01-14","date2":"2019-01-29","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_S001201","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Suozzi's PAC funding concentrates 49% in Labor ($0.13M / $0.27M classified)","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi's PAC donors concentrate 49% in the Labor industry — $0.13M of $0.27M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.13M · Finance $0.03M · Technology $0.02M · Education $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.13,"totalPacAmountM":0.27,"concentrationPct":49,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.13,"Finance":0.03,"Technology":0.02,"Education":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY03247/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001201","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Suozzi triggers 44 HIGH-severity findings across 31 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi accumulates 44 HIGH-severity findings across 31 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":44,"distinctDetectorTypes":31}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S001201","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Suozzi triggers 32 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi accumulates findings across 32 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 32 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":32,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P2","P4","P6","P7","P9","P11","P14","P15","P17","P18","P19","P20","P21","P32","P33","P36","P40","P37","P42","P43","P47","P49","P61","P62","P65","P78","P86","P140","P141"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001201_2017-08-17","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Suozzi — 29 trades on 2017-08-17","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi disclosed 29 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-08-17). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-08-17","count":29}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_S001201","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Suozzi — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (627/631)","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":631,"atBracket":627,"pct":"99.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001201","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Suozzi — 180 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi has traded 180 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":180,"sample":["PLTR","AAPL","URI","AMD","WMT","WY","INPAP","NEE","GIC","NVDA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_S001201_NVDA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Suozzi — 27 disclosed trades in single ticker NVDA","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi traded NVDA on 27 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NVDA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NVDA","count":27}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_S001201","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Suozzi — 9 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Thomas Suozzi has traded 9 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":9,"tickers":["PLTR","SQ","AFRM","RBLX","UBER","PINS","CRWD","BYND","LYFT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"A000148":[{"id":"P1_A000148_ge6tpm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STT 1d BEFORE HR 773 — \"To amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to repeal c…\"","explanation":"Member traded STT (Finance) within 1 days of HR 773 \"To amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to repeal certain provisions relating to \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2026-02-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 773","title":"To amend the Food Security Act of 1985 to repeal certain provisions relating to the acceptance and use of contributions ","introducedDate":"2026-02-18","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20773"]},{"id":"P1_A000148_t7kycg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STT 1d BEFORE HR 5559 — \"Investments in Innovation Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded STT (Finance) within 1 days of HR 5559 \"Investments in Innovation Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2025-11-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5559","title":"Investments in Innovation Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-11-18","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205559"]},{"id":"P1_A000148_a2febi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STT 0d BEFORE HR 5961 — \"Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Admi…\"","explanation":"Member traded STT (Finance) within 0 days of HR 5961 \"Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agenci\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2025-08-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5961","title":"Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019","introducedDate":"2025-08-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205961"]},{"id":"P1_A000148_lfton9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STT 0d BEFORE HR 1301 — \"Death Tax Repeal Act\"","explanation":"Member traded STT (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1301 \"Death Tax Repeal Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2025-05-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1301","title":"Death Tax Repeal Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-16","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201301"]},{"id":"P1_A000148_34w0pf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STT 0d BEFORE HR 352 — \"Motorist Tax Abuse Act\"","explanation":"Member traded STT (Finance) within 0 days of HR 352 \"Motorist Tax Abuse Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2025-02-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 352","title":"Motorist Tax Abuse Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20352"]},{"id":"P1_A000148_4mwo02","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STT 0d BEFORE HR 5986 — \"To prohibit funds for the Palestinian-controlled W…\"","explanation":"Member traded STT (Finance) within 0 days of HR 5986 \"To prohibit funds for the Palestinian-controlled West Bank or Gaza.\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2024-11-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5986","title":"To prohibit funds for the Palestinian-controlled West Bank or Gaza.","introducedDate":"2024-11-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205986"]},{"id":"P1_A000148_boe9l1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STT 1d after HR 3750 — \"To provide a 1-week extension of the public debt l…\"","explanation":"Member traded STT (Finance) within 1 days of HR 3750 \"To provide a 1-week extension of the public debt limit.\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2024-08-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3750","title":"To provide a 1-week extension of the public debt limit.","introducedDate":"2024-08-15","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203750"]},{"id":"P2_A000148_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $38,100 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $38,100 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":38100,"count":8,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000148","https://www.brandeis.edu/global/events/2022/climate-change/speakers/jake-auchincloss.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000148_yu8x1k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION  gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000148","https://www.brandeis.edu/global/events/2022/climate-change/speakers/jake-auchincloss.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000148_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000148","https://www.brandeis.edu/global/events/2022/climate-change/speakers/jake-auchincloss.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000148_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. 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PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss serves on committees regulating Transportation (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000148","https://www.brandeis.edu/global/events/2022/climate-change/speakers/jake-auchincloss.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000148_7frepr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS O gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $4,000 from INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA INC PAC (INSURPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA INC PAC (INSURPAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000148","https://www.brandeis.edu/global/events/2022/climate-change/speakers/jake-auchincloss.html"]},{"id":"P6_A000148_txn16u","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$532,621 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Experienced Leadership Matters PAC","explanation":"Experienced Leadership Matters PAC spent $532,621 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00746792","name":"Experienced Leadership Matters PAC","support":532621.14,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00746792/"]},{"id":"P10_A000148_e3db2u","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,171,954 / spent $1,134,064","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00786392","cmteName":"BEYOND THOUGHTS AND PRAYERS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":252048.1,"totalDisbursements":207705.7,"cashOnHand":44342.39},{"cmteId":"C00786392","cmteName":"BEYOND THOUGHTS AND PRAYERS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":696186,"totalDisbursements":739048,"cashOnHand":1480.44},{"cmteId":"C00786392","cmteName":"BEYOND THOUGHTS AND PRAYERS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":223720,"totalDisbursements":187310.5,"cashOnHand":37889.94}],"totalRaised":1171954.1,"totalSpent":1134064.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_A000148_58wzus","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $8,572,013 in itemized individual contributions, $6,227,628 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":8572013,"buckets":{"$200 and under":62981,"$200.01-$499":256192,"$500-$999":596108,"$1000-$1999":1429104,"$2000 and over":6227628},"megaShare":72.7,"smallDonorShare":0.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_A000148_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1411 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,867,738 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 1411× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,867,738. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":1411,"total":1867738,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000148_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jake Auchincloss executed 7 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2026-02-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2025-11-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":3,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2025-08-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2025-05-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 132","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_A000148_yg7pmc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jake Auchincloss campaign paid $9,373,733 to 35 surname-matched vendors, top: PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss's campaign paid 171 disbursements totaling $9,373,733 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","total":3387843.13,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":651000,"date":"2010-08-17","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":370000,"date":"2015-11-24","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":258211.86,"date":"2016-08-02","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","total":3382792,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":300000,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"TV BUY - 10/26/04-11/2/04","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":257760,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"NETWORK TV BUY","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":200000,"date":"2010-10-13","description":"MEDIA BUYS - TV","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HINTON HILL","total":686843.5300000001,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"HINTON HILL","amount":81205.2,"date":"2003-08-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hinton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HINTON HILL","amount":77988.42,"date":"2003-06-04","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hinton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HINTON HILL","amount":69289.79,"date":"2003-08-06","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hinton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","total":295220,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":97000,"date":"2012-10-18","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":85105,"date":"2010-10-18","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":73115,"date":"2006-10-25","description":"ADVERTISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","total":293621.62,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":72105,"date":"2011-08-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":55781,"date":"2011-05-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":43097,"date":"2011-11-16","description":"FUNDRAISER CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","total":185450,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":54100,"date":"2004-09-17","description":"EXEMPT FEA - GET OUT THE VOTE MAILERS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":50650,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"EXEMPT FEA-MASS MAILING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":41200,"date":"2004-10-20","description":"EXEMPT - MASS MAILING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PEOPLE%20FOR%20PATTY%20MURRAY"]},{"id":"P25_A000148_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"50% of PAC dollars ($630,066) come from Party industry","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":630065.7,"share":50.3,"totalPAC":1252788.57,"pacCount":33},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":630065.7,"share":50.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":105531.73999999999,"share":8.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":54000,"share":4.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":38100,"share":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_A000148","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_A000148_STT_20250818","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $STT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 5 days after a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2025-08-13","adsh":"0000093751-25-000508","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000148_STT_20241118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $STT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 5 days after a corporate insider (Halliday Patricia  (CIK 0002043155)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"Halliday Patricia  (CIK 0002043155)","filingDate":"2024-11-13","adsh":"0000093751-24-000919","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000148_STT_20260217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $STT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 1 day before a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0000093751-26-000115"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000148_STT_20251117","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $STT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 1 day before a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2025-11-18","adsh":"0000093751-25-000663"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000148_STT_20250818","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $STT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 1 day before a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2025-08-19","adsh":"0000093751-25-000524"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000148_STT_20250218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $STT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 1 day before a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2025-02-19","adsh":"0000093751-25-000157"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000148_STT_20241118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $STT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 1 day before a corporate insider (Meaney William L  (CIK 0001566391)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"Meaney William L  (CIK 0001566391)","filingDate":"2024-11-19","adsh":"0000093751-24-000954"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000148_STT_20250516","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $STT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 3 days before a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2025-05-19","adsh":"0000093751-25-000381"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000148_STT_20240816","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $STT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sell $STT 3 days before a corporate insider (O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"O HANLEY RONALD P  (CIK 0001180495)","filingDate":"2024-08-19","adsh":"0000093751-24-000695"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_A000148_National_Home_Builders_Associa_118590","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Home Builders Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-09-09 held a hearing titled \"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Home Builders Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"118590","title":"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”","date":"2025-09-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Home Builders Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_A000148_Community_Oncology_Alliance_116116","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats\". The witness Mr. Ted Okon, MBA (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116116","title":"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats","date":"2023-06-13T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ted Okon, MBA","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116"},{"source":"donor","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_A000148","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $115,200","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss received campaign contributions totaling $115,200 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($15,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($9,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":115200,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS INT'L UNION OF NORTH AMERICA PAC (LIUNA PAC)","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_A000148","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 34 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 34 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (7); committee pac conflict (7); insider front ran trade (7); insider followed trade (2); hearing witness donor (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":34,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":7},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/A000148","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_A000148","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jake Auchincloss named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.3M total receipts) — top: JAKE AUCHINCLOSS VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: JAKE AUCHINCLOSS VICTORY FUND (C00806620, $1.3M receipts, treasurer MURRAY, ALLISON). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.31,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00806620","name":"JAKE AUCHINCLOSS VICTORY FUND","receipts":1308760.8,"treasurer":"MURRAY, ALLISON","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00806620/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00806620/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00806620/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_A000148","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jake Auchincloss's PAC funding concentrates 79% in Finance ($0.34M / $0.43M classified)","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss's PAC donors concentrate 79% in the Finance industry — $0.34M of $0.43M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.34M · Technology $0.04M · Defense $0.01M · Labor $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.34,"totalPacAmountM":0.43,"concentrationPct":79.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.34,"Technology":0.04,"Defense":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MA04192/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_A000148","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jake Auchincloss triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jake Auchincloss accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"F000450":[{"id":"P1_F000450_zgd8tq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 1d after HR 2769 — \"American Gas for Allies Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 1 days of HR 2769 \"American Gas for Allies Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2025-06-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2769","title":"American Gas for Allies Act","introducedDate":"2025-06-23","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202769"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_xvpslk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PBA 31d BEFORE own bill HRES 738 — \"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4078…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HRES 738 \"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4078) to provide that no agency ma\" AND traded PBA (Energy) within 31 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PBA","date":"2025-03-07","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 738","title":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4078) to provide that no agency may take any significant regulatory action","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":-31,"sponsorName":"Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000450","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20738"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_6jkd2g","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PBA 3d after HJRES 57 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded PBA (Energy) within 3 days of HJRES 57 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PBA","date":"2025-03-07","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 57","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Dep","introducedDate":"2025-03-04","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2057"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_y63d94","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL ET 31d BEFORE own bill HRES 738 — \"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4078…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored HRES 738 \"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4078) to provide that no agency ma\" AND traded ET (Energy) within 31 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2025-03-07","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 738","title":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4078) to provide that no agency may take any significant regulatory action","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":-31,"sponsorName":"Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000450","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20738"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_3k9gy0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 3d after HJRES 57 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 3 days of HJRES 57 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2025-03-07","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 57","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Dep","introducedDate":"2025-03-04","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2057"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_1qv0vx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 2d after HR 7833 — \"Nuclear Family Priority Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 2 days of HR 7833 \"Nuclear Family Priority Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2024-12-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7833","title":"Nuclear Family Priority Act","introducedDate":"2024-12-04","daysDiff":2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207833"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_pniyub","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PBA 2d after HR 7833 — \"Nuclear Family Priority Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PBA (Energy) within 2 days of HR 7833 \"Nuclear Family Priority Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PBA","date":"2024-12-06","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7833","title":"Nuclear Family Priority Act","introducedDate":"2024-12-04","daysDiff":2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207833"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_rnrt1y","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL HES 1d after HRES 1362 — \"Impeaching Joseph R. Biden, President of the Unite…\"","explanation":"Member traded HES (Energy) within 1 days of HRES 1362 \"Impeaching Joseph R. Biden, President of the United States, for endangering, com\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HES","date":"2022-12-30","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 1362","title":"Impeaching Joseph R. Biden, President of the United States, for endangering, compromising, and undermining the energy se","introducedDate":"2022-12-29","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%201362"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_7al1e2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NEE 14d after S 3480 — \"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the…\"","explanation":"Member traded NEE (Energy) within 14 days of S 3480 \"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the nuclear forces of the United S\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2022-10-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3480","title":"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the nuclear forces of the United States.","introducedDate":"2022-09-30","daysDiff":14}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203480"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_kdri7b","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NFG 0d BEFORE S 3480 — \"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the…\"","explanation":"Member traded NFG (Energy) within 0 days of S 3480 \"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the nuclear forces of the United S\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFG","date":"2022-09-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3480","title":"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the nuclear forces of the United States.","introducedDate":"2022-09-30","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203480"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_iu0un","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY KMI 9d after HR 1630 — \"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act t…\" · sponsor D-GU","explanation":"Member traded KMI (Energy) within 9 days of HR 1630 \"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act to include the Territory of Gua\", sponsored by Del. Bordallo, Madeleine Z. [D-GU-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2022-02-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1630","title":"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act to include the Territory of Guam in the list of affected areas with res","introducedDate":"2022-02-08","daysDiff":9,"sponsorName":"Del. Bordallo, Madeleine Z. [D-GU-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"B001245","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GU","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201630"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_u2s2wk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY EPD 10d BEFORE S 3109 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naph…\" · sponsor D-NC","explanation":"Member traded EPD (Energy) within 10 days of S 3109 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[\", sponsored by Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","date":"2022-01-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3109","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[carbonylbis(imino-4,1-phenylene-2,1-diaz","introducedDate":"2022-02-03","daysDiff":-10,"sponsorName":"Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC]","sponsorBioguide":"H001049","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203109"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_w8iza7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NFG 13d BEFORE S 3109 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naph…\" · sponsor D-NC","explanation":"Member traded NFG (Energy) within 13 days of S 3109 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[\", sponsored by Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFG","date":"2022-01-21","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3109","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[carbonylbis(imino-4,1-phenylene-2,1-diaz","introducedDate":"2022-02-03","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC]","sponsorBioguide":"H001049","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203109"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_nhvz0g","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PAA 13d BEFORE S 3109 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naph…\" · sponsor D-NC","explanation":"Member traded PAA (Energy) within 13 days of S 3109 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[\", sponsored by Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAA","date":"2022-01-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3109","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[carbonylbis(imino-4,1-phenylene-2,1-diaz","introducedDate":"2022-02-03","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC]","sponsorBioguide":"H001049","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203109"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_lf2ozb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 1d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2022-01-05","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_j67n3k","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AVGO 3d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded AVGO (Technology) within 3 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2022-01-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P1_F000450_z4a4av","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL ET 3d BEFORE S 2591 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultravio…\" · sponsor D-DE","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 3 days of S 2591 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultraviolet lamps filled with deuteriu\", sponsored by Sen. Carper, Thomas R. [D-DE].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2019-02-20","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2591","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultraviolet lamps filled with deuterium gas.","introducedDate":"2019-02-23","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Sen. Carper, Thomas R. [D-DE]","sponsorBioguide":"C000174","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"DE","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202591"]},{"id":"P2_F000450_870ck0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PA gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Virginia Foxx serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Reform","Education and the Workforce","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/virginia-foxx/other-data?cycle=2022","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Foxx","https://foxx.house.gov/about/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_F000450_qdti2l","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Virginia Foxx serves on committees regulating Pharma (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Reform","Education and the Workforce","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/virginia-foxx/other-data?cycle=2022","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Foxx","https://foxx.house.gov/about/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_F000450_qngqkn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ELEVANCE HEALTH PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Virginia Foxx serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from ELEVANCE HEALTH PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ELEVANCE HEALTH PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Reform","Education and the Workforce","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/virginia-foxx/other-data?cycle=2022","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Foxx","https://foxx.house.gov/about/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_F000450_v3qqhg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PHYSICIAN ASSOCIATES gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Virginia Foxx serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PHYSICIAN ASSOCIATES PAC (PA PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PHYSICIAN ASSOCIATES PAC (PA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Reform","Education and the Workforce","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/virginia-foxx/other-data?cycle=2022","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Foxx","https://foxx.house.gov/about/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_F000450_inl3et","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC. PAC (UNITED FOR  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Virginia Foxx serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC. PAC (UNITED FOR HEALTH), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC. PAC (UNITED FOR HEALTH)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Reform","Education and the Workforce","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/virginia-foxx/other-data?cycle=2022","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Foxx","https://foxx.house.gov/about/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_F000450_1nej0n","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Virginia Foxx serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Reform","Education and the Workforce","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/virginia-foxx/other-data?cycle=2022","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Foxx","https://foxx.house.gov/about/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_F000450_4953vs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG HOSPITAL AUTHORITY gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Virginia Foxx serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG HOSPITAL AUTHORITY/ATRIUM HEALTH EMPLOYEES FED PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG HOSPITAL AUTHORITY/ATRIUM HEALTH EMPLOYEES FED PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Reform","Education and the Workforce","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/virginia-foxx/other-data?cycle=2022","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Foxx","https://foxx.house.gov/about/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P3_F000450_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 108 BUYS vs 25 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":108,"sells":25,"netBuy":83,"total":133}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_F000450_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Agriculture trades filed 66d late on avg — overall avg only 31d","explanation":"In Agriculture (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 65.7 days — versus 31.0 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Agriculture","count":33,"avgGap":66},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":260,"avgGap":31},{"source":"pac","sector":"Agriculture","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_F000450_pivdml","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,846,573 / spent $1,780,513","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00525212","cmteName":"VICTORY AND FREEDOM PAC (VAF PAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":55750,"totalDisbursements":17070.8,"cashOnHand":38679.2},{"cmteId":"C00525212","cmteName":"VICTORY AND FREEDOM PAC (VAF PAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":100270,"totalDisbursements":66476.4,"cashOnHand":72472.8},{"cmteId":"C00525212","cmteName":"VICTORY AND FREEDOM PAC (VAF PAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":135812.3,"totalDisbursements":143500.7,"cashOnHand":64784.37},{"cmteId":"C00525212","cmteName":"VICTORY AND FREEDOM PAC (VAF PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":362600,"totalDisbursements":313699.3,"cashOnHand":113685.05},{"cmteId":"C00525212","cmteName":"VICTORY AND FREEDOM PAC (VAF PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":319220.9,"totalDisbursements":369697.9,"cashOnHand":63208.06}],"totalRaised":1846573.2000000002,"totalSpent":1780513.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_F000450_w47goj","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"86% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $1,135,487 in itemized individual contributions, $978,900 (86%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1135487,"buckets":{"$200 and under":2846,"$200.01-$499":34689,"$500-$999":52700,"$1000-$1999":66352,"$2000 and over":978900},"megaShare":86.2,"smallDonorShare":0.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000450_PM_2022-01-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-05 and 2022-01-11, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2022-01-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"}],"span":"2022-01-05 to 2022-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000450_DUK_2018-09-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DUK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-09-18 and 2018-09-25, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on DUK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2018-09-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DUK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"},{"bioguideId":"B001274","name":"Mo Brooks"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-09-18 to 2018-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000450_ET_2019-02-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ET within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-02-01 and 2019-02-05, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on ET. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2019-02-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ET","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"}],"span":"2019-02-01 to 2019-02-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000450_GSK_2017-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GSK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-24 and 2017-10-27, 3 members took the same direction on GSK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GSK","date":"2017-10-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GSK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"},{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"}],"span":"2017-10-24 to 2017-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000450_GSK_2017-10-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GSK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-25 and 2017-10-27, 3 members took the same direction on GSK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GSK","date":"2017-10-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GSK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"}],"span":"2017-10-25 to 2017-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000450_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Virginia Foxx executed 8 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2025-06-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2024-12-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-12-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2024-12-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Contract Year 2026 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medic","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-05-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Head Start Program CLASS Implementation Date Delay","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Children and Families Administration","date":"2024-11-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000450_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Virginia Foxx executed 89 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2025-06-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PBA","date":"2025-03-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2025-03-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2025-02-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Clean Energy for New Federal Buildings and Major Renovations of Federal Buildings; Stay; Correction","agency":"Energy Department","date":"2025-05-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delay of Effective Date for 2 Final Regulations Published by the Environmental Protection Agency Between December 11, 20","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-02-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000450_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Virginia Foxx executed 4 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2022-04-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2022-02-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2022-01-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2022-01-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Further Imposition of Sanctions Against Russia With the Addition of Certain Entities to the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2022-03-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Fishery; Final 2022 Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab S","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-01-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000450_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Virginia Foxx executed 4 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCU","date":"2021-12-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCU","date":"2021-12-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCU","date":"2021-10-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCU","date":"2021-10-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Syrian Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2021-11-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension and Amendment of Import Restrictions Imposed on Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Greece","agency":"Homeland Security Department, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Treasury Department","date":"2021-11-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000450_7regdm","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Virginia Foxx campaign paid $2,808,897 to 47 surname-matched vendors, top: HINTON HILL","explanation":"Virginia Foxx's campaign paid 198 disbursements totaling $2,808,897 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HINTON HILL","total":686843.5300000001,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"HINTON HILL","amount":81205.2,"date":"2003-08-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hinton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HINTON HILL","amount":77988.42,"date":"2003-06-04","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hinton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HINTON HILL","amount":69289.79,"date":"2003-08-06","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hinton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES","total":395672.58999999997,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES","amount":76607.8,"date":"2015-11-13","description":"POSTAGE/PRINTING","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES","amount":59001,"date":"2015-11-23","description":"POSTAGE/PRINTING","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES","amount":38355.25,"date":"2015-11-11","description":"POSTAGE/PRINTING","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES INC.","total":367989.31999999995,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":106370.96,"date":"2025-09-29","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING AND PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":99826.53,"date":"2025-12-10","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING AND PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":65272.07,"date":"2025-07-03","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORGAN, MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES","total":281377.61,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"MORGAN, MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES","amount":20759.99,"date":"2015-11-25","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MORGAN, MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES","amount":20319.28,"date":"2014-02-10","description":"FUNDRAISING BONUS","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MORGAN, MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES","amount":18325.55,"date":"2012-08-20","description":"MAILING COSTS","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MEREDITH CAMP EVENTS, LLC","total":177626.9,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MEREDITH CAMP EVENTS, LLC","amount":43400,"date":"2016-07-13","description":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MEREDITH CAMP EVENTS, LLC","amount":37400,"date":"2016-04-22","description":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MEREDITH CAMP EVENTS, LLC","amount":32400,"date":"2016-03-07","description":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORGAN, MEREDITH, & ASSOC.","total":128407.01,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MORGAN, MEREDITH, & ASSOC.","amount":25977.23,"date":"2010-11-10","description":"003 MAILING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MORGAN, MEREDITH, & ASSOC.","amount":21143.82,"date":"2010-06-24","description":"003 MAILING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MORGAN, MEREDITH, & ASSOC.","amount":20965.17,"date":"2010-03-30","description":"003 MAILING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"meredith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HINTON%20HILL"]},{"id":"P20_F000450_qedc6m","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 4 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sits on committees overseeing Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor and traded 4 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-12-06","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2018-02-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2017-11-21","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PBI","date":"2015-02-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":7528873.8100000005,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_F000450_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Agriculture BUYs filed 66d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Agriculture (23 buys vs 10 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Agriculture","count":33,"avgGap":66,"buys":23,"sells":10},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":260,"avgGap":31}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_F000450_of4owf","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"38 trades in ARLP (Other) — 4% of this member's 966 total trades","explanation":"Virginia Foxx has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"ARLP","count":38,"buys":33,"sells":5,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2016-01-20","lastDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"T","count":35,"buys":32,"sells":3,"sector":"Telecom","firstDate":"2014-07-24","lastDate":"2023-08-02"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"GSK","count":29,"buys":27,"sells":2,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2016-02-11","lastDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"EPD","count":29,"buys":28,"sells":1,"sector":"Energy","firstDate":"2017-02-22","lastDate":"2022-06-23"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"BP","count":26,"buys":25,"sells":1,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2016-01-20","lastDate":"2021-12-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_F000450_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of PAC dollars ($200,000) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"Virginia Foxx receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":200000,"share":60.8,"totalPAC":329000,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":200000,"share":60.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":40000,"share":12.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":20000,"share":6.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":14000,"share":4.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_F000450","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sits on committees regulating Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor and actively trades in Pharma, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":17},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000450","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy)","explanation":"Virginia Foxx has findings in 15 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":15,"totalFindings":43,"highSeverityCount":14,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_F000450_T_20210305","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in T 25 days before SEC action","explanation":"Virginia Foxx traded T within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2021-03-05","title":"AT&T, Inc., et al.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045"]},{"id":"P40_F000450_SO_20161001","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in SO 1 day before FTC action","explanation":"Virginia Foxx traded SO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2016-10-01","title":"FTC Presents Criminal Liaison Unit Award to Fraud and Cybercrime Unit of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/10/ftc-presents-criminal-liaison-unit-award-fraud-cybercrime-unit-us-attorneys-office-southern-district"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-09-30","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/10/ftc-presents-criminal-liaison-unit-award-fraud-cybercrime-unit-us-attorneys-office-southern-district"]},{"id":"P40_F000450_MO_20220201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in MO 21 days before FTC action","explanation":"Virginia Foxx traded MO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-02-01","title":"Administrative Law Judge Dismisses FTC Antitrust Complaint against Altria Group and JUUL Labs, Inc.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/02/administrative-law-judge-dismisses-ftc-antitrust-complaint-against-altria-group-juul-labs-inc"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-11","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/02/administrative-law-judge-dismisses-ftc-antitrust-complaint-against-altria-group-juul-labs-inc"]},{"id":"P37_F000450_XOM_20220623","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2022-Q2 while EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed a sell in XOM during 2022-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23","quarter":"2022-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q2","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000450_BP_20211223","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BP in 2021-Q4 while BP AMERICA INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed a sell in BP during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BP AMERICA INC., BP AMERICA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-23","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["BP AMERICA INC.","BP AMERICA INC","BP AMERICA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000450_XOM_20210809","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2021-Q3 while EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed a buy in XOM during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION, EXXONMOBIL). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-09","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION","EXXONMOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000450_PFE_20180208","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of PFE in 2018-Q1 while PFIZER INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed a sell in PFE during 2018-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (PFIZER INC., PFIZER). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-02-08","quarter":"2018-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q1","matchedClients":["PFIZER INC.","PFIZER","PFIZER INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000450_JNJ_20180208","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2018-Q1 while JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed a sell in JNJ during 2018-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU), JOHNSON & JOHNSON VISION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-02-08","quarter":"2018-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q1","matchedClients":["JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU)","JOHNSON & JOHNSON VISION","JOHNSON MATTHEY INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000450_JNJ_20161123","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2016-Q4 while NATIONAL JOHNSON O'MALLEY ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed a buy in JNJ during 2016-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NATIONAL JOHNSON O'MALLEY ASSOCIATION, JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-11-23","quarter":"2016-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q4","matchedClients":["NATIONAL JOHNSON O'MALLEY ASSOCIATION","JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY","JOHNSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000450_MRK_20141013","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2014-Q4 while MERCK & CO., INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed a sell in MRK during 2014-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO., INC, TIBER CREEK GROUP (ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO INC)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-10-13","quarter":"2014-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q4","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO., INC","TIBER CREEK GROUP (ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO INC)","MERCK & CO INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000450_COP_20140930","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of COP in 2014-Q3 while CONOCOPHILLIPS had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed a sell in COP during 2014-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (CONOCOPHILLIPS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-09-30","quarter":"2014-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q3","matchedClients":["CONOCOPHILLIPS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_CAG_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CAG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $CAG 1 day after a corporate insider (CHIRICO EMANUEL  (CIK 0001243776)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAG","filer":"CHIRICO EMANUEL  (CIK 0001243776)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-016850","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_PAA_20231003","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PAA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $PAA 1 day after a corporate insider (Plains All American GP LLC  (CIK 0001490402)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAA","filer":"Plains All American GP LLC  (CIK 0001490402)","filingDate":"2023-10-02","adsh":"0001062993-23-018701","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_EPD_20200213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EPD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $EPD 1 day after a corporate insider (EPCO Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001338290)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EPD","filer":"EPCO Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001338290)","filingDate":"2020-02-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-008857","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_AM_20210513","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $AM 1 day after a corporate insider (GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AM","filer":"GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)","filingDate":"2021-05-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-032178","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_OLP_20201222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $OLP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $OLP 1 day after a corporate insider (RICKETTS LAWRENCE  (CIK 0001187923)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OLP","filer":"RICKETTS LAWRENCE  (CIK 0001187923)","filingDate":"2020-12-21","adsh":"0001214659-20-010572","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_PG_20221007","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $PG 2 days after a corporate insider (PG&E Fire Victim Trust  (CIK 0001816434)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"PG&E Fire Victim Trust  (CIK 0001816434)","filingDate":"2022-10-05","adsh":"0000899243-22-032895","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_AVGO_20220408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $AVGO 2 days after a corporate insider (FERNANDEZ RAUL J  (CIK 0001106627)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"FERNANDEZ RAUL J  (CIK 0001106627)","filingDate":"2022-04-06","adsh":"0001730168-22-000065","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_ARLP_20250214","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ARLP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ARLP 2 days after a corporate insider (Tholen Kirk  (CIK 0001796971)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARLP","filer":"Tholen Kirk  (CIK 0001796971)","filingDate":"2025-02-12","adsh":"0001415889-25-003692","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_NHI_20220901","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NHI 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $NHI 2 days after a corporate insider (PASCOE KEVIN CARLTON  (CIK 0001630773)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NHI","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NHI","filer":"PASCOE KEVIN CARLTON  (CIK 0001630773)","filingDate":"2022-08-30","adsh":"0001127602-22-021745","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_K_20230301","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $K 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $K 2 days after a corporate insider (SIDHU JAY S  (CIK 0001222371)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"K","filer":"SIDHU JAY S  (CIK 0001222371)","filingDate":"2023-02-27","adsh":"0001562180-23-001887","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_VGR_20230921","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VGR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $VGR 2 days after a corporate insider (RANKIN VICTOIRE G  (CIK 0001247947)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VGR","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VGR","filer":"RANKIN VICTOIRE G  (CIK 0001247947)","filingDate":"2023-09-19","adsh":"0001127602-23-024370","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_R_20210328","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $R 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $R 2 days after a corporate insider (RILEY BRYANT R  (CIK 0001207269)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"R","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"R","filer":"RILEY BRYANT R  (CIK 0001207269)","filingDate":"2021-03-26","adsh":"0001213900-21-017989","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_ARLP_20240215","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ARLP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ARLP 3 days after a corporate insider (Woodward D Andrew  (CIK 0001754330)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARLP","filer":"Woodward D Andrew  (CIK 0001754330)","filingDate":"2024-02-12","adsh":"0001415889-24-003246","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_MRO_20221205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MRO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $MRO 3 days after a corporate insider (MCCOLLUM MARK A  (CIK 0001215888)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRO","filer":"MCCOLLUM MARK A  (CIK 0001215888)","filingDate":"2022-12-02","adsh":"0000101778-22-000222","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_BP_20210927","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $BP 4 days after a corporate insider (Battery Ventures XI-B Side Fund, L.P.  (CIK 0001665599)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BP","filer":"Battery Ventures XI-B Side Fund, L.P.  (CIK 0001665599)","filingDate":"2021-09-23","adsh":"0001209191-21-057507","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_MO_20230711","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MO 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $MO 4 days after a corporate insider (CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS LLC  (CIK 0001085476)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS LLC  (CIK 0001085476)","filingDate":"2023-07-07","adsh":"0001091667-23-000101","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_MO_20210112","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MO 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $MO 4 days after a corporate insider (3x5 RiverVest Fund II-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001684103)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"3x5 RiverVest Fund II-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001684103)","filingDate":"2021-01-08","adsh":"0000899243-21-001187","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_XOM_20211213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $XOM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $XOM 4 days after a corporate insider (DuCharme Linda D  (CIK 0001771272)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"DuCharme Linda D  (CIK 0001771272)","filingDate":"2021-12-09","adsh":"0001127602-21-030623","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_HTGC_20231020","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HTGC 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $HTGC 4 days after a corporate insider (Meyer Seth H  (CIK 0001768773)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HTGC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HTGC","filer":"Meyer Seth H  (CIK 0001768773)","filingDate":"2023-10-16","adsh":"0001562180-23-007304","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_CF_20220916","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CF 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $CF 4 days after a corporate insider (Leonard Green & Partners, L.P.  (CIK 0001175523)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CF","filer":"Leonard Green & Partners, L.P.  (CIK 0001175523)","filingDate":"2022-09-12","adsh":"0001209191-22-049614","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_EPD_20210212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $EPD 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $EPD 4 days after a corporate insider (WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EPD","filer":"WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)","filingDate":"2021-02-08","adsh":"0001209191-21-008522","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_PSXP_20220124","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PSXP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $PSXP 4 days after a corporate insider (Bairrington Phillip David  (CIK 0001682473)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PSXP","filer":"Bairrington Phillip David  (CIK 0001682473)","filingDate":"2022-01-20","adsh":"0001534701-22-000026","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_T_20220614","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $T 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $T 5 days after a corporate insider (SRPO-II Manager, LP  (CIK 0001886272)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"SRPO-II Manager, LP  (CIK 0001886272)","filingDate":"2022-06-09","adsh":"0001884495-22-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_ADM_20220125","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ADM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ADM 5 days after a corporate insider (McClain Mark D.  (CIK 0001722498)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADM","filer":"McClain Mark D.  (CIK 0001722498)","filingDate":"2022-01-20","adsh":"0001627857-22-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_BP_20211220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BP 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $BP 5 days after a corporate insider (TOBIN SCOTT R  (CIK 0001199926)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BP","filer":"TOBIN SCOTT R  (CIK 0001199926)","filingDate":"2021-12-15","adsh":"0001209191-21-069765","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000450_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+6 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Virginia Foxx accumulated 31 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 6 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":6,"totalRaw":31}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_MO_20220502","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $MO 1 day before a corporate insider (Schnuck Todd R  (CIK 0001490102)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"Schnuck Todd R  (CIK 0001490102)","filingDate":"2022-05-03","adsh":"0001127602-22-013060"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_MO_20210503","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $MO 1 day before a corporate insider (CAPPS JOHN R  (CIK 0001184683)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"CAPPS JOHN R  (CIK 0001184683)","filingDate":"2021-05-04","adsh":"0001127602-21-015147"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_MO_20210201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $MO 1 day before a corporate insider (TAYLOR ANDREW C  (CIK 0001180453)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"TAYLOR ANDREW C  (CIK 0001180453)","filingDate":"2021-02-02","adsh":"0001127602-21-003518"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_ARLP_20240215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ARLP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ARLP 1 day before a corporate insider (Torrence Wilson M  (CIK 0001386703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARLP","filer":"Torrence Wilson M  (CIK 0001386703)","filingDate":"2024-02-16","adsh":"0001415889-24-004072"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_ARLP_20231115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ARLP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ARLP 1 day before a corporate insider (MARSHALL CARY P  (CIK 0001187756)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARLP","filer":"MARSHALL CARY P  (CIK 0001187756)","filingDate":"2023-11-16","adsh":"0001415889-23-015171"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_ARLP_20230516","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ARLP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ARLP 1 day before a corporate insider (WYNNE THOMAS M  (CIK 0001187754)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARLP","filer":"WYNNE THOMAS M  (CIK 0001187754)","filingDate":"2023-05-17","adsh":"0001415889-23-008156"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_ARLP_20230215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ARLP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ARLP 1 day before a corporate insider (Whelan Timothy J  (CIK 0001731114)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARLP","filer":"Whelan Timothy J  (CIK 0001731114)","filingDate":"2023-02-16","adsh":"0001415889-23-002661"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_ARLP_20221115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ARLP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ARLP 1 day before a corporate insider (WYNNE THOMAS M  (CIK 0001187754)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARLP","filer":"WYNNE THOMAS M  (CIK 0001187754)","filingDate":"2022-11-16","adsh":"0001415889-22-011424"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_HTGC_20260112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HTGC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $HTGC 1 day before a corporate insider (Botelho Kiersten Zaza  (CIK 0001902313)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HTGC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HTGC","filer":"Botelho Kiersten Zaza  (CIK 0001902313)","filingDate":"2026-01-13","adsh":"0001902313-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_PPL_20211004","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $PPL 1 day before a corporate insider (Crockett John R III  (CIK 0001884355)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPL","filer":"Crockett John R III  (CIK 0001884355)","filingDate":"2021-10-05","adsh":"0001209191-21-059391"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_NFG_20200901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NFG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $NFG 1 day before a corporate insider (DeCarolis Donna L  (CIK 0001313387)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFG","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFG","filer":"DeCarolis Donna L  (CIK 0001313387)","filingDate":"2020-09-02","adsh":"0001562180-20-005741"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_FLO_20220224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FLO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $FLO 1 day before a corporate insider (MUKHERJEE DEBO  (CIK 0001718726)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FLO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FLO","filer":"MUKHERJEE DEBO  (CIK 0001718726)","filingDate":"2022-02-25","adsh":"0001127602-22-006842"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_ET_20240501","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ET 1 day before a corporate insider (CAISSE DE DEPOT ET PLACEMENT DU QUEBEC  (CIK 0000898286)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"CAISSE DE DEPOT ET PLACEMENT DU QUEBEC  (CIK 0000898286)","filingDate":"2024-05-02","adsh":"0000950142-24-001248"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_ORI_20220301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ORI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ORI 1 day before a corporate insider (LEV ORI  (CIK 0001811682)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORI","filer":"LEV ORI  (CIK 0001811682)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001562762-22-000082"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_CRT_20231128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CRT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $CRT 1 day before a corporate insider (Wu Eric Chung-Wei  (CIK 0001836811)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRT","filer":"Wu Eric Chung-Wei  (CIK 0001836811)","filingDate":"2023-11-29","adsh":"0001801169-23-000151"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_PAA_20210816","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PAA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $PAA 1 day before a corporate insider (Plains All American GP LLC  (CIK 0001490402)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAA","filer":"Plains All American GP LLC  (CIK 0001490402)","filingDate":"2021-08-17","adsh":"0001615619-21-000051"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_PAA_20210517","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PAA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $PAA 1 day before a corporate insider (Goebel Jeremy L.  (CIK 0001769336)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAA","filer":"Goebel Jeremy L.  (CIK 0001769336)","filingDate":"2021-05-18","adsh":"0001615619-21-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_MMP_20220516","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MMP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $MMP 1 day before a corporate insider (Joung Chansoo  (CIK 0001355799)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMP","filer":"Joung Chansoo  (CIK 0001355799)","filingDate":"2022-05-17","adsh":"0001126975-22-000093"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_VGR_20230918","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VGR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $VGR 1 day before a corporate insider (RANKIN VICTOIRE G  (CIK 0001247947)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VGR","filer":"RANKIN VICTOIRE G  (CIK 0001247947)","filingDate":"2023-09-19","adsh":"0001127602-23-024370"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_VGR_20220831","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VGR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $VGR 1 day before a corporate insider (KIRKLAND J BRYANT III  (CIK 0001142748)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VGR","filer":"KIRKLAND J BRYANT III  (CIK 0001142748)","filingDate":"2022-09-01","adsh":"0000899243-22-030152"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_EPD_20200213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EPD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $EPD 1 day before a corporate insider (WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EPD","filer":"WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)","filingDate":"2020-02-14","adsh":"0001209191-20-009716"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_DISCA_20220224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DISCA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $DISCA 1 day before a corporate insider (Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DISCA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DISCA","filer":"Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)","filingDate":"2022-02-25","adsh":"0001437107-22-000033"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_ARLP_20240814","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ARLP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $ARLP 2 days before a corporate insider (SACHSE ROBERT G  (CIK 0001187745)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARLP","filer":"SACHSE ROBERT G  (CIK 0001187745)","filingDate":"2024-08-16","adsh":"0001415889-24-021424"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_XOM_20210809","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $XOM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx buy $XOM 2 days before a corporate insider (Mikells Kathryn A  (CIK 0001448903)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Mikells Kathryn A  (CIK 0001448903)","filingDate":"2021-08-11","adsh":"0001127602-21-023505"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_AA_20220928","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sell $AA 2 days before a corporate insider (Roberts Jackson Prince  (CIK 0001927150)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AA","filer":"Roberts Jackson Prince  (CIK 0001927150)","filingDate":"2022-09-30","adsh":"0001209191-22-051645"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000450_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+58 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Virginia Foxx accumulated 83 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 58 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":58,"totalRaw":83}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_F000450_National_Association_of_Wholes_118953","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Wholesaler-Distributors testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"“Building an AI-Ready America: Safer Workplaces Through Smarter Technology”\". The witness Mr. Eric Hoplin (National Association of Wholesaler-Distributors) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections","eventId":"118953","title":"“Building an AI-Ready America: Safer Workplaces Through Smarter Technology”","date":"2026-02-11T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Eric Hoplin","witnessOrg":"National Association of Wholesaler-Distributors","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118953"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHOLESALER-DISTRIBUTORS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20WHOLESALER-DISTRIBUTORS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118953","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20WHOLESALER-DISTRIBUTORS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000450_Insured_Retirement_Institute_118793","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Insured Retirement Institute testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions, which on 2026-01-07 held a hearing titled \"\"Modernizing Retirement Policy for Today's Workforce\"\". The witness Mr. Wayne Chopus (Insured Retirement Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions","eventId":"118793","title":"\"Modernizing Retirement Policy for Today's Workforce\"","date":"2026-01-07T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Wayne Chopus","witnessOrg":"Insured Retirement Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118793"},{"source":"donor","name":"INSURED RETIREMENT INSTITUTE INC PAC (IRI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INSURED%20RETIREMENT%20INSTITUTE%20INC%20PAC%20(IRI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118793","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INSURED%20RETIREMENT%20INSTITUTE%20INC%20PAC%20(IRI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_F000450_American_Hotel_and_Lodging_Ass_117886","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Hotel and Lodging Association testified before House Education and Workforce — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Virginia Foxx sits on House Education and Workforce, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"\"Unleashing America's Workforce and Strengthening Our Economy\"\". The witness Ms. Rosanna Maietta (American Hotel and Lodging Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce","eventId":"117886","title":"\"Unleashing America's Workforce and Strengthening Our Economy\"","date":"2025-02-26T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Rosanna Maietta","witnessOrg":"American Hotel and Lodging Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117886"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN HOTEL & LODGING ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HOTEL%20%26%20LODGING%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117886","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HOTEL%20%26%20LODGING%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P49_F000450_2022-05-11_Telecom","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 8 days before a Telecom floor speech","explanation":"Virginia Foxx delivered a 186-word floor speech on 2022-05-11 that the classifier tagged Telecom sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, the private sector continues to provide critical aid to Ukraine and its surrounding areas. Sadly, many stories of these good deeds are seldom reported on by the media. Eli Lilly, one of A…\"). The member buy $T (a Telecom-sector stock) 8 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-05-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":186,"sector":"Telecom","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, the private sector continues to provide critical aid to Ukraine and its surrounding areas. Sadly, many stories of these good deeds are seldom reported on by the media. Eli Lilly, one of A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/05/11/168/80/CREC-2022-05-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","sector":"Telecom","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/05/11/168/80/CREC-2022-05-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000450_2022-02-28_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KMI 11 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Virginia Foxx delivered a 306-word floor speech on 2022-02-28 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, President Zelensky of Ukraine is a rock-ribbed leader who will fight and deliver for his country, and Americans are standing with the Ukrainians, who are fighting so bravely for their cou…\"). The member buy $KMI (a Energy-sector stock) 11 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-02-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":306,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, President Zelensky of Ukraine is a rock-ribbed leader who will fight and deliver for his country, and Americans are standing with the Ukrainians, who are fighting so bravely for their cou","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/02/28/168/36/CREC-2022-02-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/02/28/168/36/CREC-2022-02-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000450_2018-01-22_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JNJ 17 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Virginia Foxx delivered a 207-word floor speech on 2018-01-22 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, during times of strife and stagnation, the most pow- erful tool we have at our disposal is the power of prayer. It is with that in mind that I offer my most heartfelt prayers for the men…\"). The member sell $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 17 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-01-22","chamber":"House","wordCount":207,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, during times of strife and stagnation, the most pow- erful tool we have at our disposal is the power of prayer. It is with that in mind that I offer my most heartfelt prayers for the men ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/01/22/164/15/CREC-2018-01-22-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-02-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/01/22/164/15/CREC-2018-01-22-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000450_2017-10-12_Telecom","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $T on the same day as a Telecom floor speech","explanation":"Virginia Foxx delivered a 496-word floor speech on 2017-10-12 that the classifier tagged Telecom sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to recognize North Carolina Fifth Dis- trict constituent, Mr. Stuart Epperson, whose work has positively affected so many in North Carolina and so many across this great Nati…\"). The member buy $T (a Telecom-sector stock) on the same day as the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-10-12","chamber":"House","wordCount":496,"sector":"Telecom","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to recognize North Carolina Fifth Dis- trict constituent, Mr. Stuart Epperson, whose work has positively affected so many in North Carolina and so many across this great Nati","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/12/CREC-2017-10-12-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","sector":"Telecom","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/12/CREC-2017-10-12-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000450_2016-01-06_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABT 16 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Virginia Foxx delivered a 536-word floor speech on 2016-01-06 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, this rule and the underlying motion to concur with the Senate amendment to H.R. 3762, the Restoring Americans’ Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act, mark a significant achievement for Am…\"). The member buy $ABT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 16 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-01-06","chamber":"House","wordCount":536,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, this rule and the underlying motion to concur with the Senate amendment to H.R. 3762, the Restoring Americans’ Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act, mark a significant achievement for Am","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/01/06/CREC-2016-01-06-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-22"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/01/06/CREC-2016-01-06-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_F000450_CAT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CAT — CATERPILLAR's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed 3 reported trades in $CAT (CATERPILLAR). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CATERPILLAR EMPLOYEES PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","parent":"CATERPILLAR","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-03-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-07-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-07-24"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CATERPILLAR EMPLOYEES PAC","parent":"CATERPILLAR","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CATERPILLAR%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CATERPILLAR%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_F000450","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $204,000","explanation":"Virginia Foxx received campaign contributions totaling $204,000 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 32 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($10,000); ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTORS ($10,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":204000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTORS PAC (AED PAC)","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ACEC PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HOME DEPOT PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_F000450_2022-08-25","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"22 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2022-08-25 — 11 unique tickers","explanation":"Virginia Foxx executed 22 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2022-08-25 to 2022-09-01), spanning 11 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2022-08-25","windowEnd":"2022-09-01","tradeCount":22,"uniqueTickers":11,"totalDisclosedTrades":966,"sampleTickers":["SJT","VGR","GPP","GOGL","FLNG","AA","IMKTA","USDP","NHI","CF"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_F000450","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 25 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 118 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Virginia Foxx appears in 25 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 118 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 25 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); trade near vote (15); lobbying timeline trade (8); committee pac conflict (7).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":25,"totalFindings":118,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":15},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":5},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000450","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_F000450","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Foxx named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Virginia Foxx appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Virginia Foxx","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-28/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Virginia Foxx","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-24/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-28/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-24/"]},{"id":"P90_F000450","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Virginia Foxx's campaign paid $20,400 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: FRIENDS FOR FOXX ($10,000)","explanation":"Virginia Foxx's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $20,400 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FRIENDS FOR FOXX ($10,000 across 1 payments, services: DONATION). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":20400,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FRIENDS FOR FOXX","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DONATION"]},{"payee":"FOXX FOR NORTH CAROLINA","total":5400,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"FOXX FOR ARIZONA","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION - FEDERAL"]}],"surname":"foxx"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NC05146&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_F000450","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Virginia Foxx draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.5M PAC / $37.3M total)","explanation":"Virginia Foxx's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.5M of $37.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":37.34,"pacSharePct":36.2,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4NC05146"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NC05146/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_F000450","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Foxx disclosed 17 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL NEE $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Virginia Foxx has filed 17 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL NEE $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-10-14 · SELL GSK $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-07-12 · SELL MO $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-06-29 · SELL EPD $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-06-23.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":17,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":1700017,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","date":"2022-10-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GSK","action":"SELL","date":"2022-07-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MO","action":"SELL","date":"2022-06-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"EPD","action":"SELL","date":"2022-06-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PAA","action":"SELL","date":"2022-06-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","date":"2022-06-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_F000450","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Virginia Foxx executed 50 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ARLP (22d apart)","explanation":"Virginia Foxx has 50 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ARLP 2024-11-14 → 2024-12-06 (22d) · BUY→SELL ARLP 2025-02-14 → 2025-03-07 (21d) · BUY→SELL HTGC 2022-05-09 → 2022-05-19 (10d) · BUY→SELL ET 2019-02-05 → 2019-02-20 (15d) · BUY→SELL ET 2024-11-19 → 2024-12-06 (17d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":50,"samples":[{"ticker":"ARLP","days":22,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-11-14","date2":"2024-12-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ARLP","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-02-14","date2":"2025-03-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"HTGC","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-05-09","date2":"2022-05-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"ET","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-02-05","date2":"2019-02-20","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"ET","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-11-19","date2":"2024-12-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ET","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-02-19","date2":"2025-03-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"MO","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-01-10","date2":"2024-01-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MO","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-01-11","date2":"2024-01-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_F000450","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Virginia Foxx triggers 44 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Virginia Foxx accumulates 44 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":44,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_F000450","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Virginia Foxx triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Virginia Foxx accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P2","P3","P4","P10","P11","P17","P18","P19","P20","P21","P23","P25","P33","P36","P40","P37","P42","P43","P47","P49","P52","P61","P65","P78","P86","P90","P138","P140","P141"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_F000450_2024-12-06","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Virginia Foxx — 14 trades on 2024-12-06","explanation":"Virginia Foxx disclosed 14 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2024-12-06). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2024-12-06","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_F000450","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Foxx — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (965/966)","explanation":"Virginia Foxx's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":966,"atBracket":965,"pct":"99.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_F000450","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Virginia Foxx — 181 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Virginia Foxx has traded 181 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":181,"sample":["ARLP","PSA","HTGC","EFC","BMY","ET","PBA","FLNG","EFC$D","T$A"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_F000450_HighwayTrustFundRefo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Foxx sponsored \"Highway Trust Fund Reform Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Virginia Foxx has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Highway Trust Fund Reform Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_F000450_UnfundedMandatesInfo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Foxx sponsored \"Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Virginia Foxx has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_F000450_PreserveLandFreedomF","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Foxx sponsored \"Preserve Land Freedom For Americans Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Virginia Foxx has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Preserve Land Freedom For Americans Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_F000450","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Virginia Foxx — 32 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Virginia Foxx disclosed 32 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":966,"noTickerTrades":32}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_F000450_ARLP","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Virginia Foxx — 38 disclosed trades in single ticker ARLP","explanation":"Virginia Foxx traded ARLP on 38 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the ARLP trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"ARLP","count":38}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000472":[{"id":"P1_F000472_67uhoy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL HSY 1d after HR 2407 — \"SNAP Reform and Upward Mobility Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded HSY (Agriculture) within 1 days of HR 2407 \"SNAP Reform and Upward Mobility Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2407","title":"SNAP Reform and Upward Mobility Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2026-02-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202407"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_xda5op","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY UNP 1d BEFORE HR 5079 — \"Widespread Information Management for the Welfare…\"","explanation":"Member traded UNP (Transportation) within 1 days of HR 5079 \"Widespread Information Management for the Welfare of Infrastructure and Governme\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-10-14","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5079","title":"Widespread Information Management for the Welfare of Infrastructure and Government Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-15","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205079"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_hpoyjw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UPS 0d BEFORE HR 3748 — \"MARITIME Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UPS (Transportation) within 0 days of HR 3748 \"MARITIME Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-07-22","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3748","title":"MARITIME Act","introducedDate":"2025-07-22","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203748"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_9ij5ym","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 3d after HJRES 40 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 3 days of HJRES 40 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-06-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 40","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Dep","introducedDate":"2025-06-13","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2040"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_t53mz0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL V 3d after HJRES 40 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 3 days of HJRES 40 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-06-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 40","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Dep","introducedDate":"2025-06-13","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2040"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_kzyrsq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 3d after HJRES 40 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 3 days of HJRES 40 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-06-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 40","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Dep","introducedDate":"2025-06-13","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2040"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_arwszc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JPM 1d BEFORE HR 8908 — \"Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Withdrawal Ca…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 1 days of HR 8908 \"Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Withdrawal Cap Adjustment Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-06-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8908","title":"Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Withdrawal Cap Adjustment Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-06-17","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208908"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_brtmle","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 2d BEFORE HCONRES 35 — \"Exposing Congressional Drug Abuse Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 2 days of HCONRES 35 \"Exposing Congressional Drug Abuse Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-06-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HCONRES 35","title":"Exposing Congressional Drug Abuse Act","introducedDate":"2025-06-18","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HCONRES%2035"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_i22upr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMZN 7d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 7 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-02-26","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_tw3c47","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY LMT 3d after HR 71 — \"Veterans Health Care Freedom Act\"","explanation":"Member traded LMT (Defense) within 3 days of HR 71 \"Veterans Health Care Freedom Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2025-02-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 71","title":"Veterans Health Care Freedom Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-15","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2071"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_lf12lv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ADP 3d after HR 8858 — \"Securing Elections From AI Deception Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ADP (Technology) within 3 days of HR 8858 \"Securing Elections From AI Deception Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2024-09-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8858","title":"Securing Elections From AI Deception Act","introducedDate":"2024-09-21","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208858"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_bi46rf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY GD 0d BEFORE HR 3103 — \"Defending the Human Rights of Palestinian Children…\"","explanation":"Member traded GD (Defense) within 0 days of HR 3103 \"Defending the Human Rights of Palestinian Children and Families Living Under Isr\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2024-08-07","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3103","title":"Defending the Human Rights of Palestinian Children and Families Living Under Israeli Military Occupation Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203103"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_kme1y9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AMGN 3d BEFORE HR 6045 — \"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMGN (Pharma) within 3 days of HR 6045 \"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2024-08-07","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6045","title":"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-10","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206045"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_os7xxo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY JNJ 3d BEFORE HR 6045 — \"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 3 days of HR 6045 \"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-08-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6045","title":"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-10","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206045"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_5940sp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY HSY 0d BEFORE HR 5445 — \"Designating the Guam and Western Pacific USDA Rura…\"","explanation":"Member traded HSY (Agriculture) within 0 days of HR 5445 \"Designating the Guam and Western Pacific USDA Rural Development Office Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","date":"2024-08-07","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5445","title":"Designating the Guam and Western Pacific USDA Rural Development Office Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205445"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_cu2r2h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY UPS 2d after HR 8121 — \"To amend the Intermodal Surface Transportation Eff…\"","explanation":"Member traded UPS (Transportation) within 2 days of HR 8121 \"To amend the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 to prohibi\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2024-08-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8121","title":"To amend the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 to prohibit congestion or cordon pricing in a valu","introducedDate":"2024-08-05","daysDiff":2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208121"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_yzvwgd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NEE 1d after HR 5019 — \"Cut the Climate Czar’s Carbon Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NEE (Energy) within 1 days of HR 5019 \"Cut the Climate Czar’s Carbon Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2024-08-06","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5019","title":"Cut the Climate Czar’s Carbon Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-05","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205019"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_7ibj9g","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PFE 4d BEFORE HR 6045 — \"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PFE (Pharma) within 4 days of HR 6045 \"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-08-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6045","title":"Curbing Illicit Drug Threats Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-10","daysDiff":-4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206045"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_5evya","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL DFS 1d after HR 8120 — \"Motorist Tax Abuse Act\"","explanation":"Member traded DFS (Finance) within 1 days of HR 8120 \"Motorist Tax Abuse Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DFS","date":"2024-08-06","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8120","title":"Motorist Tax Abuse Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-05","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208120"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_a08wgw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 8309 — \"Global Internet Freedom Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 8309 \"Global Internet Freedom Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-08-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8309","title":"Global Internet Freedom Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-06","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208309"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_aep9o8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JPM 1d after HR 8120 — \"Motorist Tax Abuse Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 1 days of HR 8120 \"Motorist Tax Abuse Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2024-08-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8120","title":"Motorist Tax Abuse Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-05","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208120"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_90t85k","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 8309 — \"Global Internet Freedom Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 8309 \"Global Internet Freedom Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-08-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8309","title":"Global Internet Freedom Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-06","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208309"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_fbis70","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NEE 6d after S 3718 — \"A bill to prohibit the importation of petroleum an…\"","explanation":"Member traded NEE (Energy) within 6 days of S 3718 \"A bill to prohibit the importation of petroleum and petroleum products from the \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-09-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3718","title":"A bill to prohibit the importation of petroleum and petroleum products from the Russian Federation.","introducedDate":"2023-09-05","daysDiff":6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203718"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_q5tcjr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MDT 8d after SRES 657 — \"A resolution designating May 16, 2022, as \"Older A…\"","explanation":"Member traded MDT (Healthcare) within 8 days of SRES 657 \"A resolution designating May 16, 2022, as \"Older Americans Mental Health Awarene\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2022-09-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 657","title":"A resolution designating May 16, 2022, as \"Older Americans Mental Health Awareness Day\" to raise awareness of the mental","introducedDate":"2022-09-05","daysDiff":8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20657"]},{"id":"P1_F000472_aey11n","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY LMT 8d after SRES 599 — \"A resolution honoring military children during the…\"","explanation":"Member traded LMT (Defense) within 8 days of SRES 599 \"A resolution honoring military children during the National Month of the Militar\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-09-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 599","title":"A resolution honoring military children during the National Month of the Military Child.","introducedDate":"2022-09-04","daysDiff":8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20599"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_4sg1e2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_ca17ss","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITI gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARAPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARAPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_10xkr0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS O gave $7,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $7,500 from INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (INSURP, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (INSURP","total":7500,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_bi60u7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $6,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $6,000 from GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC)","total":6000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,500 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":5500,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_3kag7f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_ui83pi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_s9wtpj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"MERCURY SYSTEMS INC. EMPLOYEES' POLITICA gave $3,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,000 from MERCURY SYSTEMS INC. EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MRCYPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MERCURY SYSTEMS INC. EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MRCYPAC)","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $2,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $2,500 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P2_F000472_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $2,500 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Science, Space, and Technology","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/scott-franklin/other-data?cycle=2024","https://franklin.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000472"]},{"id":"P3_F000472_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 4 Defense bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 8 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":8,"sells":1,"netBuy":7,"total":9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_F000472_Defense","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Defense trades filed 92d late on avg — overall avg only 70d","explanation":"In Defense (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 91.6 days — versus 70.0 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":9,"avgGap":92},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":154,"avgGap":70},{"source":"pac","sector":"Defense","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_F000472_row8lv","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$670,000 lobbying spike near HSY trade","explanation":"HSY was lobbied $670,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $40,000/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","date":"2026-02-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"HSY","recentTotal":670000,"baselineAvg":40000,"recordCount":1,"topClients":["HERSHEY COMPANY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_F000472_4kmewe","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,730,000 lobbying spike near UPS trade","explanation":"UPS was lobbied $1,730,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $863,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-07-22","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"UPS","recentTotal":1730000,"baselineAvg":863333,"recordCount":7,"topClients":["UPS (UNITED PARCEL SERVICE)","UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO UNITED PARCEL SERVICE"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_F000472_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$333,635 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $333,635 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":333635.3,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P10_F000472_nd2rf8","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $161,939 / spent $140,558","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00770701","cmteName":"CEILING AND VISIBILITY UNLIMITED (CAVU PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":18500,"totalDisbursements":8190.3,"cashOnHand":10309.7},{"cmteId":"C00770701","cmteName":"CEILING AND VISIBILITY UNLIMITED (CAVU PAC)","year":"2024","totalReceipts":94829.4,"totalDisbursements":101364.7,"cashOnHand":3774.36},{"cmteId":"C00770701","cmteName":"CEILING AND VISIBILITY UNLIMITED (CAVU PAC)","year":"2026","totalReceipts":48609.4,"totalDisbursements":31002.5,"cashOnHand":21381.21}],"totalRaised":161938.8,"totalSpent":140557.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_F000472_yikcr1","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $1,657,046 in itemized individual contributions, $1,027,995 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1657046,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-71506,"$200.01-$499":68861,"$500-$999":198321,"$1000-$1999":433375,"$2000 and over":1027995},"megaShare":62,"smallDonorShare":-4.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000472_1l18qi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,000 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $74,000 across 56 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,214.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742247","date":"2020-09-30","amount":74000,"count":56,"baseline":8214,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742247/"]},{"id":"P15_F000472_uxpc91","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,150 donation spike on 2022-02-21 — 20.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-21 this committee recorded $60,150 across 35 contributions — 20.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $2,878.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742247","date":"2022-02-21","amount":60150,"count":35,"baseline":2878,"ratio":20.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742247/"]},{"id":"P15_F000472_1l18pq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,650 donation spike on 2020-09-23 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-23 this committee recorded $53,650 across 25 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,260.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742247","date":"2020-09-23","amount":53650,"count":25,"baseline":5260,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742247/"]},{"id":"P18_F000472_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"36 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Scott Franklin executed 36 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Bering Sea Subarea of the Bering Sea and","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-05-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Bering Sea Subarea of the Bering Sea and","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-05-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000472_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Scott Franklin executed 6 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":10,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":13,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":13,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2024-08-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standards for Accessible Medical Diagnostic Equipment","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2024-07-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000472_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Scott Franklin executed 16 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DFS","date":"2024-08-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2024-08-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Estate Tax Closing Letter User Fee Update","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2025-05-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Gross Proceeds and Basis Reporting by Brokers and Determination of Amount Realized and Basis for Digital Asset Transacti","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2024-07-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000472_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Scott Franklin executed 16 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Food Additives Permitted in Feed and Drinking Water of Animals; Selenium","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-05-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Food Additives Permitted in Feed and Drinking Water of Animals; Selenium","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000472_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Scott Franklin executed 7 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2024-08-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Clarifications and Updates to Defense Priorities and Allocations System Regulation","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2024-07-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Clarifications and Updates to Defense Priorities and Allocations System Regulation","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2024-07-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000472_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Scott Franklin executed 4 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2024-08-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2024-08-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-09-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-02-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Required Assessment of U.S. Department of Energy Laboratories by Licensees, Applicants, and Suppliers To Verify the Effe","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2024-07-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Three Mile Slough, Near Rio Vista, CA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-07-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000472_6l0n43","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Franklin campaign paid $12,566,470 to 48 surname-matched vendors, top: FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","explanation":"Scott Franklin's campaign paid 119 disbursements totaling $12,566,470 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","total":8787819,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","amount":2500000,"date":"1996-04-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","amount":1291630,"date":"1996-04-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK","amount":1025192,"date":"1996-03-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK OF WASH DC","total":525000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FRANKLIN NATIONAL BANK OF WASH DC","amount":525000,"date":"1996-08-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRANKLIN FORUM","total":465000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"FRANKLIN FORUM","amount":200000,"date":"2015-07-24","description":"CONTRIBUTION: NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"FRANKLIN FORUM","amount":100000,"date":"2016-04-12","description":"CONTRIBUTION: NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"FRANKLIN FORUM","amount":100000,"date":"2016-03-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION: NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORGAN FRANKLIN CORPORATION","total":447210.2899999999,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MORGAN FRANKLIN CORPORATION","amount":174122.77,"date":"2007-04-19","description":"COMPUTER SUPPORT/EQUIP","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MORGAN FRANKLIN CORPORATION","amount":64508.34,"date":"2007-06-14","description":"COMPUTER SUPPORT/EQUIP","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MORGAN FRANKLIN CORPORATION","amount":64508.34,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMPUTER SUPPORT/EQUIP","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRANKLIN L BARAFF COMMUNICATIONS","total":253500,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FRANKLIN L BARAFF COMMUNICATIONS","amount":69000,"date":"2006-10-04","description":"CABLE TV ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FRANKLIN L BARAFF COMMUNICATIONS","amount":50000,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FRANKLIN L BARAFF COMMUNICATIONS","amount":50000,"date":"2006-10-11","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRANKLIN CREATIVE GROUP, LLC","total":209248.59,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"FRANKLIN CREATIVE GROUP, LLC","amount":156611.08,"date":"2025-03-14","description":"CONTRACT SERVICES-ADVERTISING FEES","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FRANKLIN CREATIVE GROUP, LLC","amount":52637.51,"date":"2022-11-01","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"franklin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FRANKLIN%20NATIONAL%20BANK"]},{"id":"P20_F000472_iq9s3p","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 7 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 7 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2025-08-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-07-22","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["National Transportation Safety Board","Department of Transportation","Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2024-08-07","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_F000472_Defense","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Defense BUYs filed 92d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Defense (8 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":9,"avgGap":92,"buys":8,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":154,"avgGap":70}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_F000472","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"15% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 235 disclosed trades, 36 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":36,"total":235,"rate":15.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":2.38}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_F000472","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 6 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Transportation, Telecom, Technology, Finance, Defense, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":11},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":10},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":36},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":16},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":9},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000472","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 distinct pattern types firing; 2 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Defense + 1 more)","explanation":"Scott Franklin has findings in 15 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 2 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":15,"totalFindings":56,"highSeverityCount":18,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Defense","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":5},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_F000472_WMT_20220401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in WMT 21 days before FTC action","explanation":"Scott Franklin traded WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-04-01","title":"FTC Uses Penalty Offense Authority to Seek Largest-Ever Civil Penalty for Bogus Bamboo Marketing from Kohl’s and Walmart","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/04/ftc-uses-penalty-offense-authority-seek-largest-ever-civil-penalty-bogus-bamboo-marketing-kohls"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-11","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/04/ftc-uses-penalty-offense-authority-seek-largest-ever-civil-penalty-bogus-bamboo-marketing-kohls"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_AMZN_20250226","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2025-Q1 while AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a buy in AMZN during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC, AMAZON WEB SERVICES). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON.COM"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_GD_20240807","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GD in 2024-Q3 while GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a buy in GD during 2024-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP, GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07","quarter":"2024-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q3","matchedClients":["GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP","GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION","GENERAL DYNAMICS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_GOOG_20230911","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOG in 2023-Q3 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a sell in GOOG during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-11","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE)","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_JPM_20230215","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2023-Q1 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a sell in JPM during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_LMT_20220912","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LMT in 2022-Q3 while LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a buy in LMT during 2022-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-12","quarter":"2022-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q3","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP.","LOCKHEED MARTIN"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_JPM_20220321","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2022-Q1 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a sell in JPM during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-21","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_MSFT_20220321","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2022-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a sell in MSFT during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-21","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_GOOGL_20220321","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2022-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a buy in GOOGL during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-21","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000472_V_20220310","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of V in 2022-Q1 while VISA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed a buy in V during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA, INC., VISA U.S.A. INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-10","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["VISA, INC.","VISA U.S.A. INC.","VISA USA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_MDT_20220315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MDT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $MDT 1 day after a corporate insider (Surface Carol A  (CIK 0001485966)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Surface Carol A  (CIK 0001485966)","filingDate":"2022-03-14","adsh":"0001127602-22-009166","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_CSCO_20230215","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CSCO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $CSCO 1 day after a corporate insider (Herren Richard Scott  (CIK 0001340472)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Herren Richard Scott  (CIK 0001340472)","filingDate":"2023-02-14","adsh":"0001209191-23-009542","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_ACN_20240807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ACN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $ACN 1 day after a corporate insider (Framil Leonardo  (CIK 0001942872)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Framil Leonardo  (CIK 0001942872)","filingDate":"2024-08-06","adsh":"0001467373-24-000224","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_PNC_20230215","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PNC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $PNC 1 day after a corporate insider (Reilly Robert Q  (CIK 0001454231)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNC","filer":"Reilly Robert Q  (CIK 0001454231)","filingDate":"2023-02-14","adsh":"0001209191-23-009611","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_DFS_20240806","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DFS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $DFS 1 day after a corporate insider (Strle Jason  (CIK 0001985142)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DFS","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DFS","filer":"Strle Jason  (CIK 0001985142)","filingDate":"2024-08-05","adsh":"0000950170-24-091129","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_AAPL_20230419","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $AAPL 2 days after a corporate insider (Maestri Luca  (CIK 0001513362)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Maestri Luca  (CIK 0001513362)","filingDate":"2023-04-17","adsh":"0000320193-23-000055","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_V_20220310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $V 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $V 3 days after a corporate insider (Blackstone Real Estate Partners V LP  (CIK 0001348632)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Blackstone Real Estate Partners V LP  (CIK 0001348632)","filingDate":"2022-03-07","adsh":"0000899243-22-009676","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_SBUX_20220321","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SBUX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $SBUX 3 days after a corporate insider (ALLISON RICHARD E JR  (CIK 0001622500)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ALLISON RICHARD E JR  (CIK 0001622500)","filingDate":"2022-03-18","adsh":"0001127602-22-009987","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_CMCSA_20220321","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CMCSA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $CMCSA 3 days after a corporate insider (Cavanagh Michael J  (CIK 0001304481)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Cavanagh Michael J  (CIK 0001304481)","filingDate":"2022-03-18","adsh":"0001225208-22-004888","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_MSFT_20220913","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $MSFT 4 days after a corporate insider (WARRIOR PADMASREE  (CIK 0001186249)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"WARRIOR PADMASREE  (CIK 0001186249)","filingDate":"2022-09-09","adsh":"0001062993-22-019440","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_JNJ_20250616","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JNJ 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $JNJ 4 days after a corporate insider (HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)","filingDate":"2025-06-12","adsh":"0000200406-25-000156","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_V_20250616","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $V 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $V 5 days after a corporate insider (SLTA V (GP), L.L.C.  (CIK 0001737652)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"SLTA V (GP), L.L.C.  (CIK 0001737652)","filingDate":"2025-06-11","adsh":"0000950170-25-085012","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_MSFT_20250616","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $MSFT 5 days after a corporate insider (Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)","filingDate":"2025-06-11","adsh":"0001062993-25-011467","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_HD_20240807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $HD 5 days after a corporate insider (ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)","filingDate":"2024-08-02","adsh":"0001140361-24-035591","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000472_NEE_20230215","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NEE 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $NEE 5 days after a corporate insider (PORGES DAVID L  (CIK 0001240752)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"PORGES DAVID L  (CIK 0001240752)","filingDate":"2023-02-10","adsh":"0001062993-23-002625","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_V_20220310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $V 1 day before a corporate insider (Meritech Capital Partners V L.P.  (CIK 0001612996)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Meritech Capital Partners V L.P.  (CIK 0001612996)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0001209191-22-018125"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_SBUX_20240814","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SBUX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $SBUX 1 day before a corporate insider (Ruggeri Rachel  (CIK 0001842880)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Ruggeri Rachel  (CIK 0001842880)","filingDate":"2024-08-15","adsh":"0001127602-24-022269"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_CSCO_20230215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CSCO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $CSCO 2 days before a corporate insider (Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)","filingDate":"2023-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-23-005768"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_NEE_20230215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NEE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $NEE 2 days before a corporate insider (CAMAREN JAMES LAWRENCE  (CIK 0001212969)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"CAMAREN JAMES LAWRENCE  (CIK 0001212969)","filingDate":"2023-02-17","adsh":"0001062993-23-003986"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_UPS_20240807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UPS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $UPS 2 days before a corporate insider (Warsh Kevin M  (CIK 0001555065)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"Warsh Kevin M  (CIK 0001555065)","filingDate":"2024-08-09","adsh":"0001225208-24-007957"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_CSCO_20220913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CSCO 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $CSCO 3 days before a corporate insider (JOHNSON KRISTINA M  (CIK 0001116268)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"JOHNSON KRISTINA M  (CIK 0001116268)","filingDate":"2022-09-16","adsh":"0001209191-22-050407"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_WMT_20240130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $WMT 3 days before a corporate insider (Kumar Suresh  (CIK 0001781198)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Kumar Suresh  (CIK 0001781198)","filingDate":"2024-02-02","adsh":"0001127602-24-003132"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_WMT_20230911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $WMT 3 days before a corporate insider (Nicholas Christopher James  (CIK 0001992808)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Nicholas Christopher James  (CIK 0001992808)","filingDate":"2023-09-14","adsh":"0001127602-23-024202"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_COST_20250128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COST 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $COST 3 days before a corporate insider (Shepro William B  (CIK 0001289315)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"Shepro William B  (CIK 0001289315)","filingDate":"2025-01-31","adsh":"0001664272-25-000056"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_BRK.A_20230221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BRK.A 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $BRK.A 3 days before a corporate insider (Jain Ajit  (CIK 0001728451)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRK.A","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BRK.A","filer":"Jain Ajit  (CIK 0001728451)","filingDate":"2023-02-24","adsh":"0001728451-23-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_V_20230911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $V 4 days before a corporate insider (AFEYAN NOUBAR  (CIK 0001222012)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"AFEYAN NOUBAR  (CIK 0001222012)","filingDate":"2023-09-15","adsh":"0000899243-23-019165"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_ACN_20240802","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ACN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $ACN 4 days before a corporate insider (Framil Leonardo  (CIK 0001942872)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Framil Leonardo  (CIK 0001942872)","filingDate":"2024-08-06","adsh":"0001467373-24-000224"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_DFS_20240801","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DFS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $DFS 4 days before a corporate insider (Strle Jason  (CIK 0001985142)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DFS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DFS","filer":"Strle Jason  (CIK 0001985142)","filingDate":"2024-08-05","adsh":"0000950170-24-091129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_HD_20220909","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $HD 6 days before a corporate insider (Tully Sean  (CIK 0001619542)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Tully Sean  (CIK 0001619542)","filingDate":"2022-09-15","adsh":"0001156375-22-000237"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_AAPL_20240807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $AAPL 6 days before a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2024-08-13","adsh":"0000320193-24-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_AAPL_20240130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $AAPL 6 days before a corporate insider (WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)","filingDate":"2024-02-05","adsh":"0000320193-24-000022"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_VZ_20230215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2023-02-21","adsh":"0001062993-23-004119"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_VZ_20220315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)","filingDate":"2022-03-21","adsh":"0001062993-22-008169"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_HSY_20240807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HSY 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $HSY 6 days before a corporate insider (McCalman Jennifer  (CIK 0001848210)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HSY","filer":"McCalman Jennifer  (CIK 0001848210)","filingDate":"2024-08-13","adsh":"0001127602-24-022086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_CSCO_20230911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CSCO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $CSCO 7 days before a corporate insider (Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)","filingDate":"2023-09-18","adsh":"0001127602-23-024281"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_MSFT_20220913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $MSFT 7 days before a corporate insider (Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)","filingDate":"2022-09-20","adsh":"0001062993-22-019781"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_AMZN_20250226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin buy $AMZN 7 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_UPS_20230215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UPS 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $UPS 7 days before a corporate insider (Ford Darrell L  (CIK 0001661031)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"Ford Darrell L  (CIK 0001661031)","filingDate":"2023-02-22","adsh":"0001225208-23-002554"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_MSFT_20230911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)","filingDate":"2023-09-19","adsh":"0001062993-23-018291"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_UNH_20230215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Franklin sell $UNH 8 days before a corporate insider (ROOS THOMAS E  (CIK 0001651737)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"ROOS THOMAS E  (CIK 0001651737)","filingDate":"2023-02-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-012150"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000472_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+9 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Scott Franklin accumulated 34 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 9 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":9,"totalRaw":34}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P45_F000472","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"10% of stock trades (24 of 235) in major federal contractors — top: UPS ($63B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Scott Franklin concentrated 10% of their stock-trading activity (24 of 235 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $148B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"UPS","totalContracts":63305478307.75998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":8},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"COST","totalContracts":50204183515.10999,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":7},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"MCD","totalContracts":20990522135.58,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":5},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NEE","totalContracts":13945196501.249996,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":4},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":24,"totalStockTrades":235,"concentrationPct":10,"distinctContractors":4,"topExposure":148445380459.69995}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P47_F000472_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $32,100 donor","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $32,100 in contributions across 6 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":32100,"count":6,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000472_General_Atomics_116033","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"General Atomics testified before House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"From Theory to Reality: The Limitless Potential of Fusion Energy\". The witness Dr. Wayne Solomon (General Atomics) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"116033","title":"From Theory to Reality: The Limitless Potential of Fusion Energy","date":"2023-06-13T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Wayne Solomon","witnessOrg":"General Atomics","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116033"},{"source":"donor","name":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GENERAL%20ATOMICS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116033","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GENERAL%20ATOMICS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P48_F000472_118388","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRK 4 days after a Pharma hearing in House Appropriations","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on House Appropriations, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"Fiscal Year 2026 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Bill\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $MRK (a Pharma-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations","eventId":"118388","title":"Fiscal Year 2026 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Bill","date":"2025-06-11T14:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118388"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118388","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000472_118353","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MRK 10 days after a Pharma hearing in House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Fiscal Year 2026 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Bill\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $MRK (a Pharma-sector stock) 10 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies","eventId":"118353","title":"Fiscal Year 2026 Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Bill","date":"2025-06-05T14:30:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118353"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118353","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000472_118329","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UPS 11 days after a Industrials hearing in House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-06-04 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Federal Aviation Administration\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 11 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies","eventId":"118329","title":"Budget Hearing – Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-06-04T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118329"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118329","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000472_337049","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 4 days after a Finance hearing in Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 2026  for the Department of the Treasury.\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $V (a Finance-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government","eventId":"337049","title":"Hearings to examine proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 2026  for the Department of the Treasury.","date":"2025-06-11T20:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337049"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337049","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000472_337029","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $V 12 days after a Finance hearing in Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government, which on 2025-06-03 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine proposed budget estimate for fiscal year 2026 for the Securities and Exchange Commission.\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $V (a Finance-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government","eventId":"337029","title":"Hearings to examine proposed budget estimate for fiscal year 2026 for the Securities and Exchange Commission.","date":"2025-06-03T18:30:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337029"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337029","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000472_115746","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COST on the same day as a Staples hearing in House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-04-18 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Fiscal Year 2024 Request for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives\" — classified as Staples sector. The member buy $COST (a Staples-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115746","title":"Budget Hearing – Fiscal Year 2024 Request for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives","date":"2023-04-18T14:00:00Z","sector":"Staples","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115746"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115746","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000472_115359","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 8 days before a Technology hearing in House Science, Space, and Technology","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on House Science, Space, and Technology, which on 2023-02-28 held a hearing titled \"United States, China and the Fight for Global Leadership: Building a U.S National Science and Technology Strategy\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Science, Space, and Technology","eventId":"115359","title":"United States, China and the Fight for Global Leadership: Building a U.S National Science and Technology Strategy","date":"2023-02-28T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115359"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115359","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000472_336097","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GD on the same day as a Defense hearing in Senate Appropriations","explanation":"Scott Franklin sits on Senate Appropriations, which on 2024-08-01 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to markup an original bill entitled, \"Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act\", an original bi…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $GD (a Defense-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations","eventId":"336097","title":"Business meeting to markup an original bill entitled, \"Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act\", an original bill entitled, \"Department of Defense Appropriations Act\", an original bill entitled, \"Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act\", and an original bill entitled, \"Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act\".","date":"2024-08-01T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/336097"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/336097","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_F000472_GD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $GD — GENERAL DYNAMICS's PAC also donated $12,000","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed 3 reported trades in $GD (GENERAL DYNAMICS). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $12,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","parent":"GENERAL DYNAMICS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-07"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-02"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC)","parent":"GENERAL DYNAMICS","total":12000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=GENERAL%20DYNAMICS%20CORPORATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(GENERAL%20DYNAMICS%20EMPLOYEE%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=GENERAL%20DYNAMICS%20CORPORATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(GENERAL%20DYNAMICS%20EMPLOYEE%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_F000472","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $117,700","explanation":"Scott Franklin received campaign contributions totaling $117,700 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($32,100); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES ($10,000); APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":117700,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":32100,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARAPAC)","ldaClient":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_F000472","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $60,150 on 2022-02-21 (20.9× normal)","explanation":"Scott Franklin's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $60,150 on 2022-02-21 — 20.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":113800,"maxRatio":20.9,"maxAmount":60150},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-02-21","amount":60150,"ratio":20.9,"baselineDaily":2878,"count":35,"cmteId":"C00742247","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00742247&min_date=2022-02-21&max_date=2022-02-21"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-09-23","amount":53650,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":5260,"count":25,"cmteId":"C00742247","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00742247&min_date=2020-09-23&max_date=2020-09-23"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742247/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00742247&min_date=2022-02-21&max_date=2022-02-21"]},{"id":"P65_F000472_2024-08-01","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"86 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2024-08-01 — 42 unique tickers","explanation":"Scott Franklin executed 86 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2024-08-01 to 2024-08-07), spanning 42 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2024-08-01","windowEnd":"2024-08-07","tradeCount":86,"uniqueTickers":42,"totalDisclosedTrades":235,"sampleTickers":["BRKB","COST","JPM","WMT","GOOG","LMT","PFE","AAPL","KVUE","NEE"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_F000472","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 27 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 123 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Scott Franklin appears in 27 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 123 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 27 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); trade near vote (25); insider followed trade (15); committee pac conflict (10); lobbying timeline trade (9).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":27,"totalFindings":123,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":25},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000472","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_F000472","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Franklin's campaign paid $1,826,716 to 19 surname-matched vendors — top: FRANKLIN FORUM ($465,000)","explanation":"Scott Franklin's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 37 payments totaling $1,826,716 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FRANKLIN FORUM ($465,000 across 4 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION: NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1826715.6799999995,"paymentCount":37,"payeeCount":19,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FRANKLIN FORUM","total":465000,"count":4,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION: NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT"]},{"payee":"FRANKLIN L BARAFF COMMUNICATIONS","total":253500,"count":5,"descriptions":["CABLE TV ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUY","ADVERTISING ON CABLE"]},{"payee":"FRANKLIN, ELISE","total":152431.38,"count":3,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"FRANKLIN PRESS","total":140407.57,"count":5,"descriptions":["MAIL PRODUCTION","PRINTING","MAILSHIP"]},{"payee":"FRANKLIN SOLUTIONS","total":128000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL"]}],"surname":"franklin"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0FL15104&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_F000472","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Franklin draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.0M PAC / $8.5M total)","explanation":"Scott Franklin's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.0M of $8.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.97,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.46,"pacSharePct":35.1,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0FL15104"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL15104/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_F000472","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Franklin disclosed 24 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 12 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL BWIN $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Scott Franklin has filed 24 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 12 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL BWIN $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2025-04-10 · SELL BWIN $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2025-02-07 · SELL SBUX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-08-14 · BUY FBKWX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-08-07.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":24,"veryHighCount":12,"lowerBoundSum":14100024,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"BWIN","action":"SELL","date":"2025-04-10","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"BWIN","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-07","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","date":"2024-08-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FBKWX","action":"BUY","date":"2024-08-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"QQQ","action":"SELL","date":"2024-08-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BRP","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-08","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_F000472","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Franklin executed 10 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY MSFT (1d apart)","explanation":"Scott Franklin has 10 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY MSFT 2024-08-06 → 2024-08-07 (1d) · SELL→BUY WMT 2024-08-06 → 2024-08-07 (1d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2024-08-06 → 2024-08-07 (1d) · SELL→BUY JPM 2024-08-06 → 2024-08-07 (1d) · SELL→BUY GOOG 2024-08-01 → 2024-08-07 (6d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":10,"samples":[{"ticker":"MSFT","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-08-06","date2":"2024-08-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WMT","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-08-06","date2":"2024-08-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-08-06","date2":"2024-08-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-08-06","date2":"2024-08-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-08-01","date2":"2024-08-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LMT","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-08-01","date2":"2024-08-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"COST","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-08-06","date2":"2024-08-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SBUX","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-08-07","date2":"2024-08-14","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_F000472","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Franklin triggers 32 HIGH-severity findings across 32 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Scott Franklin accumulates 32 HIGH-severity findings across 32 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":32,"distinctDetectorTypes":32}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_F000472","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Franklin triggers 33 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Scott Franklin accumulates findings across 33 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 33 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":33,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P2","P3","P4","P5","P6","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P20","P21","P32","P33","P36","P40","P37","P42","P43","P45","P47","P48","P52","P61","P62","P65","P78","P90","P138"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_F000472_2024-08-07","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Franklin — 41 trades on 2024-08-07","explanation":"Scott Franklin disclosed 41 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2024-08-07). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2024-08-07","count":41}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_F000472","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Franklin — 94% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (220/235)","explanation":"Scott Franklin's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 94% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":235,"atBracket":220,"pct":"93.6"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_F000472","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Franklin — 62 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Scott Franklin has traded 62 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":62,"sample":["HSY","UNP","IVV","NVO","CMCSA","UPS","PEP","MSFT","V","WMT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_F000472_SBUX","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Franklin — 12 disclosed trades in single ticker SBUX","explanation":"Scott Franklin traded SBUX on 12 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SBUX trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SBUX","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"D000624":[{"id":"P1_D000624_ep8uu5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOG 0d BEFORE HJRES 64 — \"Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of C…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOG (Technology) within 0 days of HJRES 64 \"Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection r\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-11-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 64","title":"Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to \"Defining Larger Participants","introducedDate":"2025-11-24","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2064"]},{"id":"P1_D000624_90vav5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HJRES 64 — \"Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of C…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HJRES 64 \"Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection r\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-11-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 64","title":"Disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to \"Defining Larger Participants","introducedDate":"2025-11-24","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2064"]},{"id":"P1_D000624_o408bw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 2d after HR 3809 — \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 2 days of HR 3809 \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-06-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3809","title":"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-06-11","daysDiff":2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203809"]},{"id":"P1_D000624_4pm8qb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 1d after HR 3809 — \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 3809 \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-06-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3809","title":"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-06-11","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203809"]},{"id":"P1_D000624_wx0xpg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL META 14d BEFORE S 3206 — \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastruct…\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 14 days of S 3206 \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2022-12-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3206","title":"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that impose new information reporting requ","introducedDate":"2023-01-02","daysDiff":-14}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203206"]},{"id":"P1_D000624_8jlxsh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BX 6d after SRES 742 — \"A resolution designating the first week of Decembe…\"","explanation":"Member traded BX (Finance) within 6 days of SRES 742 \"A resolution designating the first week of December 2018, and supporting the des\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2021-04-22","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 742","title":"A resolution designating the first week of December 2018, and supporting the designation of each first week of December ","introducedDate":"2021-04-16","daysDiff":6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20742"]},{"id":"P3_D000624_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 14 BUYS vs 12 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":14,"sells":12,"netBuy":2,"total":26}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_D000624_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Healthcare trades filed 30d late on avg — overall avg only 17d","explanation":"In Healthcare (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 30.1 days — versus 17.3 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":7,"avgGap":30},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":137,"avgGap":17},{"source":"pac","sector":"Healthcare","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000624_6upxlw","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$26,844 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $26,844 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":26844.36,"oppose":0,"net":26844.36,"events":35,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":8424.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":7516,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":5610.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":1745.01,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":1306.3200000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_D000624_z6kt0u","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,103,369 / spent $1,152,862","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00451583","cmteName":"WOLVERINE PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":167000,"totalDisbursements":224500.5,"cashOnHand":664.05},{"cmteId":"C00451583","cmteName":"WOLVERINE PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":68850,"totalDisbursements":55175.5,"cashOnHand":14338.52},{"cmteId":"C00451583","cmteName":"WOLVERINE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":40000,"totalDisbursements":44418.4,"cashOnHand":9920.11},{"cmteId":"C00451583","cmteName":"WOLVERINE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":93150,"totalDisbursements":89402.3,"cashOnHand":13667.81},{"cmteId":"C00451583","cmteName":"WOLVERINE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":129700,"totalDisbursements":109467.1,"cashOnHand":33900.68}],"totalRaised":1103368.5,"totalSpent":1152862.2000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_D000624_lssiow","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $165,750 in itemized individual contributions, $149,300 (90%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":165750,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":1050,"$500-$999":2800,"$1000-$1999":12600,"$2000 and over":149300},"megaShare":90.1,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_CMCSA_2018-05-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-05-08 and 2018-05-15, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2018-05-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"}],"span":"2018-05-08 to 2018-05-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_CCI_2019-03-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CCI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-20 and 2019-03-25, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CCI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","date":"2019-03-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CCI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-20 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_CCI_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CCI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-25, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CCI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CCI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_DWDP_2017-09-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DWDP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-09-01 and 2017-09-07, 3 members took the same direction on DWDP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DWDP","date":"2017-09-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DWDP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"}],"span":"2017-09-01 to 2017-09-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_UTX_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-07, 3 members took the same direction on UTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTX","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_CARR_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CARR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CARR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CARR","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CARR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_VTRS_2020-11-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought VTRS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-11-17 and 2020-11-19, 3 members took the same direction on VTRS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTRS","date":"2020-11-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VTRS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2020-11-17 to 2020-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_CBS_2018-07-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CBS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-30 and 2018-07-30, 3 members took the same direction on CBS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CBS","date":"2018-07-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CBS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-07-30 to 2018-07-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_ET_2018-10-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ET within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-19 and 2018-10-19, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on ET. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2018-10-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ET","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-10-19 to 2018-10-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000624_REZI_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold REZI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 3 members took the same direction on REZI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REZI","date":"2018-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$639.67"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"REZI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000624_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Debbie Dingell executed 10 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-11-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-11-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-06-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-06-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Review of Submarine Cable Landing License Rules and Procedures To Assess Evolving National Security, Law Enforcement, Fo","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-10-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Review of Submarine Cable Landing License Rules and Procedures To Assess Evolving National Security, Law Enforcement, Fo","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000624_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Debbie Dingell executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2023-04-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2021-04-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2021-03-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inflation Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties","agency":"Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary of the Treasury","date":"2023-03-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Credit for Carbon Oxide Sequestration; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2021-03-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000624_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Debbie Dingell executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2022-05-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2020-01-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Waters Surrounding F/V American Challenger, Bodega Bay, CA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2022-04-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety-Related Railroad Employees","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Railroad Administration","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000624_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Debbie Dingell executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2021-06-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2020-10-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Notification of Interpretation and Enforcement of Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act and Title IX of the Education ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2021-05-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Alternative Payment Model (APM) Incentive Payment Advisory for Clinicians-Request for Current Billing ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-09-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000624_16m5u8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Debbie Dingell campaign paid $345,994 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: MR. SCOTT DARLING","explanation":"Debbie Dingell's campaign paid 84 disbursements totaling $345,994 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MR. SCOTT DARLING","total":94591.91999999998,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"MR. SCOTT DARLING","amount":4992.93,"date":"2006-10-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MR. SCOTT DARLING","amount":4992.93,"date":"2006-09-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MR. SCOTT DARLING","amount":4992.93,"date":"2006-10-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DARLING, EDWARD S","total":72231.26000000001,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"DARLING, EDWARD S","amount":10000,"date":"2004-04-08","description":"CONSULT/FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DARLING, EDWARD S","amount":2852.93,"date":"2003-11-20","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DARLING, EDWARD S","amount":2852.92,"date":"2003-12-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR JOHN D. DINGELL COMMITTEE","total":33000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JOHN D. DINGELL COMMITTEE","amount":25000,"date":"1982-10-06","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"dingell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JOHN D. DINGELL COMMITTEE","amount":8000,"date":"1982-07-22","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"dingell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEIGHBORS & WORKERS FOR ERIN DARLING AND OPPOSING TRACI PARK FOR COUNCIL 22","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NEIGHBORS & WORKERS FOR ERIN DARLING AND OPPOSING TRACI PARK FOR COUNCIL 22","amount":20000,"date":"2022-10-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WORKING FAMILIES FOR ERIN DARLING FOR COUNCIL 2022","total":15000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WORKING FAMILIES FOR ERIN DARLING FOR COUNCIL 2022","amount":15000,"date":"2022-10-14","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT. CONTRIBUTION TO LOCAL PAC","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DARLING, CHARLES","total":14435,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DARLING, CHARLES","amount":14435,"date":"2021-10-19","description":"AUCTION ITEMS FEES","surnameMatched":"darling","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MR.%20SCOTT%20DARLING"]},{"id":"P21_D000624_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Healthcare BUYs filed 30d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Healthcare (6 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":7,"avgGap":30,"buys":6,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":137,"avgGap":17}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000624","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 27 total findings","explanation":"Debbie Dingell has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":27,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_D000624_AAPL_20251124","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Debbie Dingell executed a sell in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-24","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000624_ABBV_20210618","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of ABBV in 2021-Q2 while ABBVIE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Debbie Dingell executed a sell in ABBV during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE INC., ABBVIE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-18","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["ABBVIE INC.","ABBVIE, INC.","ABBVIE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000624_CVX_20181219","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2018-Q4 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Debbie Dingell executed a sell in CVX during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-19","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A. INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_D000624_VTRS_20201117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VTRS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $VTRS 1 day after a corporate insider (Giordano Douglas E.  (CIK 0001431552)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTRS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTRS","filer":"Giordano Douglas E.  (CIK 0001431552)","filingDate":"2020-11-16","adsh":"0000899243-20-031145","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000624_WMT_20250327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WMT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $WMT 3 days after a corporate insider (Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)","filingDate":"2025-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-25-010308","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_PEP_20210302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PEP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $PEP 1 day before a corporate insider (Schellekens Ronald  (CIK 0001759789)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"Schellekens Ronald  (CIK 0001759789)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-017051"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_DIS_20221129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DIS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $DIS 2 days before a corporate insider (IGER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001207394)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"IGER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001207394)","filingDate":"2022-12-01","adsh":"0001744489-22-000216"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_META_20221219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell sell $META 3 days before a corporate insider (Lambert Anne Barber  (CIK 0001886866)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Lambert Anne Barber  (CIK 0001886866)","filingDate":"2022-12-22","adsh":"0000899243-22-039248"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_AAPL_20200820","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell sell $AAPL 4 days before a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2020-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-20-000064"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_MS_20210301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $MS 4 days before a corporate insider (Enterprise Products Co  (CIK 0001206715)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"Enterprise Products Co  (CIK 0001206715)","filingDate":"2021-03-05","adsh":"0001209191-21-018301"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_VIAC_20210129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VIAC 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell sell $VIAC 4 days before a corporate insider (GRIEGO LINDA M  (CIK 0001163359)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIAC","filer":"GRIEGO LINDA M  (CIK 0001163359)","filingDate":"2021-02-02","adsh":"0001225208-21-001455"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_DIS_20201231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell sell $DIS 5 days before a corporate insider (Barra Mary T  (CIK 0001492154)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Barra Mary T  (CIK 0001492154)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001744489-21-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_WMT_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $WMT 5 days before a corporate insider (Harris Carla A  (CIK 0001707351)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Harris Carla A  (CIK 0001707351)","filingDate":"2025-04-01","adsh":"0001127602-25-010851"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_VTRS_20210618","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VTRS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell sell $VTRS 5 days before a corporate insider (PARRISH MARK W  (CIK 0001236452)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTRS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTRS","filer":"PARRISH MARK W  (CIK 0001236452)","filingDate":"2021-06-23","adsh":"0000899243-21-025585"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_VIAC_20201231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VIAC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell sell $VIAC 5 days before a corporate insider (Klieger Robert N.  (CIK 0001713424)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIAC","filer":"Klieger Robert N.  (CIK 0001713424)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001225208-21-000344"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_CARR_20201013","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CARR 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell sell $CARR 6 days before a corporate insider (Carr-Smith Jennifer  (CIK 0001828401)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CARR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CARR","filer":"Carr-Smith Jennifer  (CIK 0001828401)","filingDate":"2020-10-19","adsh":"0001104659-20-116087"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_MDT_20231205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MDT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $MDT 7 days before a corporate insider (Wall Brett A.  (CIK 0001473812)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Wall Brett A.  (CIK 0001473812)","filingDate":"2023-12-12","adsh":"0001613103-23-000163"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_BX_20230410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BX 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $BX 8 days before a corporate insider (BMA VI L.L.C.  (CIK 0001556083)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"BMA VI L.L.C.  (CIK 0001556083)","filingDate":"2023-04-18","adsh":"0000899243-23-011394"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000624_VTRS_20201117","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VTRS 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Dingell buy $VTRS 8 days before a corporate insider (COURY ROBERT J  (CIK 0001197543)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTRS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTRS","filer":"COURY ROBERT J  (CIK 0001197543)","filingDate":"2020-11-25","adsh":"0000899243-20-032185"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P52_D000624_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Debbie Dingell executed 3 reported trades in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-04-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-18"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_D000624","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $194,000","explanation":"Debbie Dingell received campaign contributions totaling $194,000 from 33 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 33 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); UTILITY WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA ($10,000); UNITED ASSN OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE PLU ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":33,"totalDollars":194000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UTILITY WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA COPE","ldaClient":"UTILITY WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APP","ldaClient":"UNITED ASSN OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_D000624","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $55,500 on 2016-03-30 (16.8× normal)","explanation":"Debbie Dingell's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $55,500 on 2016-03-30 — 16.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":55500,"maxRatio":16.8,"maxAmount":55500},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-03-30","amount":55500,"ratio":16.8,"baselineDaily":3295,"count":55,"cmteId":"C00558213","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558213&min_date=2016-03-30&max_date=2016-03-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558213/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558213&min_date=2016-03-30&max_date=2016-03-30"]},{"id":"P78_D000624","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 50 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Debbie Dingell appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 50 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (14); coordinated trade cluster (10); trade near vote (6); reg rule trade proximity (4); lobbying timeline trade (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":50,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":10},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000624","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_D000624","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Debbie Dingell draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.6M PAC / $19.5M total)","explanation":"Debbie Dingell's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.6M of $19.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.56,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.5,"pacSharePct":54.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4MI12079"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MI12079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_D000624","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Debbie Dingell executed 5 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL SOLS (25d apart)","explanation":"Debbie Dingell has 5 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL SOLS 2025-10-30 → 2025-11-24 (25d) · SELL→BUY WMT 2018-01-26 → 2018-02-22 (27d) · BUY→SELL DWDP 2017-09-01 → 2017-09-19 (18d) · BUY→SELL DVMT 2016-09-06 → 2016-09-15 (9d) · BUY→SELL FCX 2015-05-26 → 2015-05-26 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":5,"samples":[{"ticker":"SOLS","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-10-30","date2":"2025-11-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WMT","days":27,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-01-26","date2":"2018-02-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DWDP","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-09-01","date2":"2017-09-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DVMT","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-09-06","date2":"2016-09-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"FCX","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-05-26","date2":"2015-05-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_D000624","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Dingell triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Debbie Dingell accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":20}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_D000624","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Debbie Dingell — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (223/223)","explanation":"Debbie Dingell's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":223,"atBracket":223,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_D000624","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Debbie Dingell — 102 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Debbie Dingell has traded 102 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":102,"sample":["WAT","VSNT","GOOG","SOLS","AAPL","HON","Q","WMT","DIS","MDT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001136":[{"id":"P1_M001136_toq5z8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 0d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-10-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_ei699","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-10-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_mxhj45","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-10-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_q6hhwm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 1d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 1 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-10-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_3ni51q","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 1d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-10-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_q6hhwm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 1d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 1 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-10-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_3ni51q","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 1d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-10-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_qfq76r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NVDA 1d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-10-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_qfq76r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 1d BEFORE H.R. 5877 — \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of…\" · sponsor R-WI","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of H.R. 5877 \"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025\", sponsored by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-10-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"H.R. 5877","title":"Combatting Money Laundering in Cyber Crime Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-31","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]","sponsorBioguide":"F000471","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"WI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=H.R.%205877"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_4tnuo2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY STX 1d BEFORE HR 1000 — \"Cyber PIVOTT Act\"","explanation":"Member traded STX (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1000 \"Cyber PIVOTT Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","date":"2025-09-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1000","title":"Cyber PIVOTT Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-09","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201000"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_bn32lw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TSM 1d after HR 2805 — \"PLAN for Broadband Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TSM (Technology) within 1 days of HR 2805 \"PLAN for Broadband Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2805","title":"PLAN for Broadband Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-27","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202805"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_tn3twv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 791 — \"Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 791 \"Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-06-09","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 791","title":"Foreign Anti-Digital Piracy Act","introducedDate":"2025-06-09","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20791"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_etxhy0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TSLA 0d BEFORE HR 123 — \"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot P…\"","explanation":"Member traded TSLA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 123 \"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot Program Reauthorization Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2024-11-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 123","title":"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot Program Reauthorization Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20123"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_47hw1a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 4910 — \"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4910 \"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-11-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4910","title":"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204910"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_17pqs9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY PLTR 0d BEFORE HR 4910 — \"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PLTR (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4910 \"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2024-11-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4910","title":"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204910"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_mzvduj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY TSM 0d BEFORE HR 4910 — \"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TSM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4910 \"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2024-11-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4910","title":"Deplatform Drug Dealers Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204910"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_qagihx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL TSM 0d BEFORE HR 7381 — \"HEALTH AI\"","explanation":"Member traded TSM (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7381 \"HEALTH AI\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2024-10-23","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7381","title":"HEALTH AI","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207381"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_wwrdw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 7381 — \"HEALTH AI\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7381 \"HEALTH AI\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-10-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7381","title":"HEALTH AI","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207381"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_ks0lsf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMD 0d BEFORE HR 7381 — \"HEALTH AI\"","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7381 \"HEALTH AI\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2024-10-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7381","title":"HEALTH AI","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207381"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_22vdv5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PLTR 0d BEFORE HR 7381 — \"HEALTH AI\"","explanation":"Member traded PLTR (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7381 \"HEALTH AI\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2024-10-23","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7381","title":"HEALTH AI","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207381"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_tufev4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PLTR 0d BEFORE HR 4223 — \"National AI Commission Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PLTR (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4223 \"National AI Commission Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2024-08-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4223","title":"National AI Commission Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-14","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204223"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_xa2ce9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 5d BEFORE HR 3809 — \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 5 days of HR 3809 \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-06-06","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3809","title":"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-06-11","daysDiff":-5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203809"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_ajofp2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TSM 5d BEFORE HR 3809 — \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded TSM (Technology) within 5 days of HR 3809 \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2024-06-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3809","title":"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-06-11","daysDiff":-5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203809"]},{"id":"P1_M001136_yr9kbu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PLTR 5d BEFORE HR 3809 — \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded PLTR (Technology) within 5 days of HR 3809 \"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2024-06-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3809","title":"Cybersecurity for Rural Water Systems Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-06-11","daysDiff":-5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203809"]},{"id":"P3_M001136_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 24 BUYS vs 21 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":24,"sells":21,"netBuy":3,"total":45}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_M001136_Technology","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology trades filed 83d late on avg — overall avg only 61d","explanation":"In Technology (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 83.5 days — versus 60.5 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":211,"avgGap":83},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":621,"avgGap":61},{"source":"pac","sector":"Technology","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P7_M001136_c2se82","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $801,101 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $801,101 opposing this member across 31 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":801100.8299999998,"totalSupport":111985.06000000001,"events":31,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":801100.8299999998}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001136_6254ps","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $701,827 / spent $525,768","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00764886","cmteName":"LASTING INVESTMENTS STRENGTHENING AMERICA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":550,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":550},{"cmteId":"C00764886","cmteName":"LASTING INVESTMENTS STRENGTHENING AMERICA PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":90815,"totalDisbursements":52393.6,"cashOnHand":38971.44},{"cmteId":"C00764886","cmteName":"LASTING INVESTMENTS STRENGTHENING AMERICA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":140073,"totalDisbursements":154127.1,"cashOnHand":24917.33},{"cmteId":"C00764886","cmteName":"LASTING INVESTMENTS STRENGTHENING AMERICA PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":470388.6,"totalDisbursements":319247.5,"cashOnHand":176058.42}],"totalRaised":701826.6,"totalSpent":525768.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001136_6s5e3k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,550 donation spike on 2024-03-28 — 14.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-28 this committee recorded $62,550 across 25 contributions — 14.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,289.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00726042","date":"2024-03-28","amount":62550,"count":25,"baseline":4289,"ratio":14.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00726042/"]},{"id":"P15_M001136_6s1k6m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,300 donation spike on 2024-09-20 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-20 this committee recorded $58,300 across 39 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,156.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00726042","date":"2024-09-20","amount":58300,"count":39,"baseline":6156,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00726042/"]},{"id":"P15_M001136_lgfuds","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,500 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $55,500 across 36 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,798.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00726042","date":"2023-09-30","amount":55500,"count":36,"baseline":4798,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00726042/"]},{"id":"P15_M001136_6s2u5f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,250 donation spike on 2024-07-29 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-07-29 this committee recorded $53,250 across 26 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,298.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00726042","date":"2024-07-29","amount":53250,"count":26,"baseline":4298,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00726042/"]},{"id":"P17_M001136_BRO_2025-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-24 and 2025-10-31, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"},{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-10-24 to 2025-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_BRO_2025-10-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-29 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-10-29 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_BRO_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-30 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-10-30 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 5 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_AVGO_2025-06-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-11 and 2025-06-17, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-11 to 2025-06-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_AVGO_2025-06-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-17 and 2025-06-20, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"}],"span":"2025-06-17 to 2025-06-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_DEO_2025-09-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-22 and 2025-09-25, 3 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-09-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-09-22 to 2025-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_GIS_2025-07-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-07-03 and 2025-07-10, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on GIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2025-07-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-07-03 to 2025-07-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_COP_2025-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold COP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-24 and 2025-10-31, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on COP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-10-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"COP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-10-24 to 2025-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_UBER_2025-02-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UBER within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-21 and 2025-02-26, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on UBER. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2025-02-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UBER","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-02-21 to 2025-02-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_ZTS_2025-08-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ZTS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-08-04 and 2025-08-05, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ZTS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-08-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ZTS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-08-04 to 2025-08-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_SCHW_2025-07-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought SCHW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-07-03 and 2025-07-10, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on SCHW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2025-07-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SCHW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-07-03 to 2025-07-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_NOW_2025-03-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NOW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-06 and 2025-03-13, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on NOW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2025-03-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NOW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-03-06 to 2025-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_NOW_2025-03-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NOW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-12 and 2025-03-13, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on NOW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2025-03-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NOW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-03-12 to 2025-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_WDAY_2025-06-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold WDAY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-16 and 2025-06-17, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on WDAY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","date":"2025-06-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WDAY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-06-16 to 2025-06-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_AJG_2025-07-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AJG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-07-29 and 2025-08-04, 3 members took the same direction on AJG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AJG","date":"2025-07-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AJG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-07-29 to 2025-08-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_INTU_2025-06-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought INTU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-17 and 2025-06-23, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on INTU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2025-06-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"INTU","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-06-17 to 2025-06-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_TMUS_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMUS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-30 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on TMUS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","date":"2025-10-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMUS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2025-10-30 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_TMUS_2025-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMUS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-31 and 2025-11-03, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on TMUS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMUS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2025-10-31 to 2025-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001136_HWM_2025-10-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold HWM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-23 and 2025-10-30, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on HWM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-10-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HWM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-10-23 to 2025-10-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001136_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"211 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lisa McClain executed 211 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Federal Salmon Regulations for Overfished Species Rebuildi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-10-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Federal Salmon Regulations for Overfished Species Rebuildi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-10-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001136_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"45 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lisa McClain executed 45 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEG","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amicarbazone; Pesticide Tolerances","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-10-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amicarbazone; Pesticide Tolerances","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-10-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001136_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"55 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lisa McClain executed 55 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTRS","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 104A","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-10-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 104A","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-10-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001136_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lisa McClain executed 37 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTHR","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-10-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Gardenia (Genipin) Blue; Confirmation of Effective Date","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-10-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Gardenia (Genipin) Blue; Confirmation of Effective Date","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-10-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001136_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lisa McClain executed 23 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CACI","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIC","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BWXT","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Old Port Tampa, Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Manbirtee Key, Seaport Manatee, MacDill Air Force Base, Port of ","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Old Port Tampa, Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Manbirtee Key, Seaport Manatee, MacDill Air Force Base, Port of ","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-11-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001136_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lisa McClain executed 8 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-09-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":6,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2025-06-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LSTR","date":"2025-06-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","date":"2025-06-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2025 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-09-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001136_vuesd3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lisa McClain campaign paid $1,581 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: LUEHMANN, CHRISTINA","explanation":"Lisa McClain's campaign paid 3 disbursements totaling $1,581 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LUEHMANN, CHRISTINA","total":1000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LUEHMANN, CHRISTINA","amount":1000,"date":"2022-12-06","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"luehmann","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOMBARDINI, LAUREN","total":300,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LOMBARDINI, LAUREN","amount":300,"date":"2020-02-04","description":"CAMPAIGN EVENT EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"lombardini","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOMBARDINI, HEATHER","total":281.16,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LOMBARDINI, HEATHER","amount":281.16,"date":"2020-09-29","description":"IN-KIND - FOOD FOR EVENT","surnameMatched":"lombardini","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LUEHMANN"]},{"id":"P21_M001136_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 83d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (112 buys vs 99 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":211,"avgGap":83,"buys":112,"sells":99},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":621,"avgGap":61}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_M001136_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56% of PAC dollars ($388,732) come from Party industry","explanation":"Lisa McClain receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":388732.0899999999,"share":56.3,"totalPAC":691022.73,"pacCount":46},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":388732.0899999999,"share":56.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":63000,"share":9.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":52690.64,"share":7.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":51600,"share":7.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001136","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 5.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 1394 disclosed trades, 513 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 5.7× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":513,"total":1394,"rate":36.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":5.71}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P34_M001136_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $10,000","explanation":"Lisa McClain's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION C","total":5000,"matchedClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE SECURITY SOLUTIONS","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC","total":5000,"matchedClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE AND SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001136","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"Lisa McClain has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":64,"highSeverityCount":18,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_M001136_CVX_20250701","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in CVX 14 days before FTC action","explanation":"Lisa McClain sold CVX within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-07-01","title":"FTC Reopens and Sets Aside Chevron-Hess Final Order","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/07/ftc-reopens-sets-aside-chevron-hess-final-order"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/07/ftc-reopens-sets-aside-chevron-hess-final-order"]},{"id":"P40_M001136_SNPS_20251001","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in SNPS 20 days before FTC action","explanation":"Lisa McClain sold SNPS within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-10-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Divestiture Order in Synopsys and Ansys Deal","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/10/ftc-approves-final-divestiture-order-synopsys-ansys-deal"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/10/ftc-approves-final-divestiture-order-synopsys-ansys-deal"]},{"id":"P37_M001136_NVDA_20241107","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2024-Q4 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Lisa McClain executed a buy in NVDA during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-07","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001136_NVDA_20241023","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2024-Q4 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Lisa McClain executed a sell in NVDA during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-23","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001136_NVDA_20240606","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2024-Q2 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Lisa McClain executed a buy in NVDA during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-06","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_PANW_20250710","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PANW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $PANW 1 day after a corporate insider (Bawa Aparna  (CIK 0001773301)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PANW","filer":"Bawa Aparna  (CIK 0001773301)","filingDate":"2025-07-09","adsh":"0000950170-25-094805","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_PGR_20250716","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PGR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $PGR 1 day after a corporate insider (Clawson William L. II  (CIK 0001898852)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Clawson William L. II  (CIK 0001898852)","filingDate":"2025-07-15","adsh":"0001127602-25-019176","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_MSFT_20241211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Numoto Takeshi  (CIK 0001899931)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Numoto Takeshi  (CIK 0001899931)","filingDate":"2024-12-10","adsh":"0001062993-24-020399","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_CAG_20250722","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CAG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $CAG 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Mara Noelle  (CIK 0001785802)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAG","filer":"O'Mara Noelle  (CIK 0001785802)","filingDate":"2025-07-21","adsh":"0001415889-25-020100","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_AVGO_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $AVGO 1 day after a corporate insider (TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001730168-25-000070","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_COHR_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COHR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $COHR 1 day after a corporate insider (Xia Howard H.  (CIK 0001517296)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COHR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COHR","filer":"Xia Howard H.  (CIK 0001517296)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0000947871-25-000615","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_BP_20250624","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $BP 1 day after a corporate insider (BROWN MICHAEL MAURICE  (CIK 0001354614)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BP","filer":"BROWN MICHAEL MAURICE  (CIK 0001354614)","filingDate":"2025-06-23","adsh":"0001415889-25-017959","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_DDOG_20250813","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DDOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $DDOG 1 day after a corporate insider (COLE TITILOPE  (CIK 0001915422)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DDOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DDOG","filer":"COLE TITILOPE  (CIK 0001915422)","filingDate":"2025-08-12","adsh":"0001561550-25-000222","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_PLTR_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLTR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $PLTR 1 day after a corporate insider (Stat Lauren Elaina Friedman  (CIK 0001840244)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLTR","filer":"Stat Lauren Elaina Friedman  (CIK 0001840244)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001321655-25-000090","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_CART_20250925","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CART 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $CART 1 day after a corporate insider (Fong Morgan  (CIK 0001990106)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CART","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CART","filer":"Fong Morgan  (CIK 0001990106)","filingDate":"2025-09-24","adsh":"0001579091-25-000084","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_TMUS_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMUS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $TMUS 1 day after a corporate insider (Nelson Mark Wolfe  (CIK 0001886089)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Nelson Mark Wolfe  (CIK 0001886089)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001283699-25-000107","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_CHD_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $CHD 1 day after a corporate insider (Linares Carlos G.  (CIK 0001695951)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHD","filer":"Linares Carlos G.  (CIK 0001695951)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001127602-25-017538","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_DT_20250925","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $DT 1 day after a corporate insider (DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (DTEGF, DTEGY)  (CIK 0000946770)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DT","filer":"DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (DTEGF, DTEGY)  (CIK 0000946770)","filingDate":"2025-09-24","adsh":"0001140361-25-036000","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_DT_20250911","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $DT 1 day after a corporate insider (DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (DTEGF, DTEGY)  (CIK 0000946770)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DT","filer":"DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (DTEGF, DTEGY)  (CIK 0000946770)","filingDate":"2025-09-10","adsh":"0001140361-25-034594","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_NOC_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $NOC 1 day after a corporate insider (Fleming Robert J.  (CIK 0001995165)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOC","filer":"Fleming Robert J.  (CIK 0001995165)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001628280-25-031612","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_FIVE_20250611","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FIVE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $FIVE 1 day after a corporate insider (Ramirez-Medina Lydia Ann  (CIK 0001857830)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIVE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FIVE","filer":"Ramirez-Medina Lydia Ann  (CIK 0001857830)","filingDate":"2025-06-10","adsh":"0001857830-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_KRG_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KRG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $KRG 1 day after a corporate insider (Grimes Steven P  (CIK 0001289648)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KRG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KRG","filer":"Grimes Steven P  (CIK 0001289648)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001286043-25-000074","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_UL_20250911","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $UL 1 day after a corporate insider (Kini Vikram  (CIK 0001815604)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UL","filer":"Kini Vikram  (CIK 0001815604)","filingDate":"2025-09-10","adsh":"0001415889-25-024160","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_FLO_20250911","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FLO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $FLO 1 day after a corporate insider (Cox Cindy  (CIK 0001965204)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FLO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FLO","filer":"Cox Cindy  (CIK 0001965204)","filingDate":"2025-09-10","adsh":"0001128928-25-000014","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_AWI_20250617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AWI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $AWI 1 day after a corporate insider (Shurts Wayne  (CIK 0001490340)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AWI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AWI","filer":"Shurts Wayne  (CIK 0001490340)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001127602-25-017574","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_TTD_20250221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TTD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $TTD 2 days after a corporate insider (Green Jeffrey Terry  (CIK 0001671445)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TTD","filer":"Green Jeffrey Terry  (CIK 0001671445)","filingDate":"2025-02-19","adsh":"0001671933-25-000018","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_UBER_20250221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $UBER 2 days after a corporate insider (Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)","filingDate":"2025-02-19","adsh":"0001562180-25-001374","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_NOW_20241211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $NOW 2 days after a corporate insider (MURPHY MATTHEW J  (CIK 0001381430)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"MURPHY MATTHEW J  (CIK 0001381430)","filingDate":"2024-12-09","adsh":"0001835632-24-000206","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_BWXT_20250611","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BWXT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $BWXT 2 days after a corporate insider (JASKA JAMES M  (CIK 0001187147)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BWXT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BWXT","filer":"JASKA JAMES M  (CIK 0001187147)","filingDate":"2025-06-09","adsh":"0001628280-25-030266","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_EME_20251031","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EME 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $EME 2 days after a corporate insider (ROCHE PATRICK J  (CIK 0001557074)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EME","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EME","filer":"ROCHE PATRICK J  (CIK 0001557074)","filingDate":"2025-10-29","adsh":"0000105634-25-000075","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001136_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+48 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Lisa McClain accumulated 73 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 48 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":48,"totalRaw":73}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_EMR_20250205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EMR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $EMR 1 day before a corporate insider (Turley James S  (CIK 0001580994)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EMR","filer":"Turley James S  (CIK 0001580994)","filingDate":"2025-02-06","adsh":"0000032604-25-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_SNPS_20250911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SNPS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $SNPS 1 day before a corporate insider (LEE JANET  (CIK 0001711671)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNPS","filer":"LEE JANET  (CIK 0001711671)","filingDate":"2025-09-12","adsh":"0001517737-25-000077"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_GIS_20250624","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GIS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $GIS 1 day before a corporate insider (Shaffer Werner Lanette  (CIK 0001980222)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GIS","filer":"Shaffer Werner Lanette  (CIK 0001980222)","filingDate":"2025-06-25","adsh":"0000897101-25-000344"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_MSFT_20250911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Mason Mark  (CIK 0001487290)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Mason Mark  (CIK 0001487290)","filingDate":"2025-09-12","adsh":"0000789019-25-000037"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_DHI_20251030","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DHI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $DHI 1 day before a corporate insider (Murray Michael J  (CIK 0001621270)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHI","filer":"Murray Michael J  (CIK 0001621270)","filingDate":"2025-10-31","adsh":"0000882184-25-000064"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_TSLA_20250911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Zhu Xiaotong  (CIK 0001972928)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Zhu Xiaotong  (CIK 0001972928)","filingDate":"2025-09-12","adsh":"0001972928-25-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_AMZN_20250804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2025-08-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_AVGO_20250617","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $AVGO 1 day before a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2025-06-18","adsh":"0001730168-25-000072"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_NVDA_20240311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2024-03-12","adsh":"0001045810-24-000062"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_COHR_20251030","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COHR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $COHR 1 day before a corporate insider (SKAGGS STEPHEN A  (CIK 0001224172)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COHR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COHR","filer":"SKAGGS STEPHEN A  (CIK 0001224172)","filingDate":"2025-10-31","adsh":"0000947871-25-000942"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_TJX_20241211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TJX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $TJX 1 day before a corporate insider (Herrman Ernie  (CIK 0001388774)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"Herrman Ernie  (CIK 0001388774)","filingDate":"2024-12-12","adsh":"0000950170-24-135872"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_VRSK_20250813","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VRSK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $VRSK 1 day before a corporate insider (PERRY CHRISTOPHER JOHN  (CIK 0001619128)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRSK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRSK","filer":"PERRY CHRISTOPHER JOHN  (CIK 0001619128)","filingDate":"2025-08-14","adsh":"0000950170-25-109080"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_VRSK_20250804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VRSK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $VRSK 1 day before a corporate insider (Shavel Lee  (CIK 0001521495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRSK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRSK","filer":"Shavel Lee  (CIK 0001521495)","filingDate":"2025-08-05","adsh":"0000950170-25-103166"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_PAYX_20250716","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PAYX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $PAYX 1 day before a corporate insider (Price Kevin A  (CIK 0001871643)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAYX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAYX","filer":"Price Kevin A  (CIK 0001871643)","filingDate":"2025-07-17","adsh":"0000950170-25-096587"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_CEG_20251030","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CEG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $CEG 1 day before a corporate insider (Barron Kathleen  (CIK 0001909010)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CEG","filer":"Barron Kathleen  (CIK 0001909010)","filingDate":"2025-10-31","adsh":"0000905148-25-003731"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_WAL_20250716","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WAL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $WAL 1 day before a corporate insider (Jarvi Jessica H  (CIK 0001981756)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WAL","filer":"Jarvi Jessica H  (CIK 0001981756)","filingDate":"2025-07-17","adsh":"0001212545-25-000202"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_WMB_20250710","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WMB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $WMB 1 day before a corporate insider (Rinke Todd J.  (CIK 0002076289)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMB","filer":"Rinke Todd J.  (CIK 0002076289)","filingDate":"2025-07-11","adsh":"0000107263-25-000113"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_GL_20250617","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $GL 1 day before a corporate insider (SVOBODA FRANK M  (CIK 0001270842)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GL","filer":"SVOBODA FRANK M  (CIK 0001270842)","filingDate":"2025-06-18","adsh":"0001062993-25-011876"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_DT_20250925","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $DT 1 day before a corporate insider (DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (DTEGF, DTEGY)  (CIK 0000946770)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DT","filer":"DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (DTEGF, DTEGY)  (CIK 0000946770)","filingDate":"2025-09-26","adsh":"0001140361-25-036297"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_DT_20250624","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $DT 1 day before a corporate insider (DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (CIK 0000946770)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DT","filer":"DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (CIK 0000946770)","filingDate":"2025-06-25","adsh":"0001140361-25-023700"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_MKSI_20250804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MKSI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $MKSI 1 day before a corporate insider (Schreiner James Alan  (CIK 0001797189)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MKSI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MKSI","filer":"Schreiner James Alan  (CIK 0001797189)","filingDate":"2025-08-05","adsh":"0001049502-25-000019"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_RS_20250617","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $RS 1 day before a corporate insider (Shriram Kavitark Ram  (CIK 0001295084)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RS","filer":"Shriram Kavitark Ram  (CIK 0001295084)","filingDate":"2025-06-18","adsh":"0000950170-25-088023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_GWRE_20250617","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GWRE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $GWRE 1 day before a corporate insider (King James Winston  (CIK 0001586253)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GWRE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GWRE","filer":"King James Winston  (CIK 0001586253)","filingDate":"2025-06-18","adsh":"0001528396-25-000159"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_DOCU_20250617","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DOCU 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain buy $DOCU 1 day before a corporate insider (GRAYSON BLAKE JEFFREY  (CIK 0001796825)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOCU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOCU","filer":"GRAYSON BLAKE JEFFREY  (CIK 0001796825)","filingDate":"2025-06-18","adsh":"0001261333-25-000090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_CPRI_20250617","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CPRI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lisa McClain sell $CPRI 1 day before a corporate insider (McDonough Krista A  (CIK 0001685870)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CPRI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CPRI","filer":"McDonough Krista A  (CIK 0001685870)","filingDate":"2025-06-18","adsh":"0001530721-25-000072"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001136_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+147 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Lisa McClain accumulated 172 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 147 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":147,"totalRaw":172}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_M001136_Export_Import_Bank_of_the_Unit_119072","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Export-Import Bank of the United States testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank\". The witness The Honorable John Jovanovic (Export-Import Bank of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"119072","title":"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank","date":"2026-03-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable John Jovanovic","witnessOrg":"Export-Import Bank of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072"},{"source":"donor","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAMBER%20OF%20COMMERCE%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20OF%20AMERICA%20PAC%20(US"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAMBER%20OF%20COMMERCE%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20OF%20AMERICA%20PAC%20(US"]},{"id":"P47_M001136_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_M001136_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_M001136_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P48_M001136_118613","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DHR 7 days after a Healthcare hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-09-17 held a hearing titled \"The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member sell $DHR (a Healthcare-sector stock) 7 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118613","title":"The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002","date":"2025-09-17T14:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118613"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118613","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001136_118459","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SCHW 1 day after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-08 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Less Mandates. More Independence.\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $SCHW (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118459","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Less Mandates. More Independence.","date":"2025-07-08T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118459"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118459","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001136_118440","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days before a Healthcare hearing in House Education and Workforce","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Education and Workforce, which on 2025-06-25 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 3453 the \"Empower Charter School Educators to Lead Act\"; H.R. 2516 the \"Accreditation for College Excellence (ACE) Act of 2025\"; H.R. 4…\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce","eventId":"118440","title":"H.R. 3453 the \"Empower Charter School Educators to Lead Act\"; H.R. 2516 the \"Accreditation for College Excellence (ACE) Act of 2025\"; H.R. 4054 the \"Accreditation Choice and Innovation Act\"; H.R. 2528 the \"Assocation Health Plans Act\"; H.R. 2571 the \"Self-Insurance Protection Act\"; H.R. 2988 the \"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act\"; H.R. 3170 the \"Improving Access to Workers' Compensation for Injured Federal Workers Act\"","date":"2025-06-25T14:15:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118440"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118440","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001136_118402","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MA 1 day before a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-06-24 held a hearing titled \"The Federal Reserve's Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $MA (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118402","title":"The Federal Reserve's Semi-Annual Monetary Policy Report","date":"2025-06-24T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118402"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118402","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001136_118372","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOC 4 days after a Defense hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Evaluating the Defense Production Act\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"118372","title":"Evaluating the Defense Production Act","date":"2025-06-12T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118372"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118372","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001136_118324","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 3 days after a Technology hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 3 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001136_117742","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRM 6 days after a Technology hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Lisa McClain sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-12-04 held a hearing titled \"Innovation Revolution: How Technology is Shaping the Future of Finance\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $CRM (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117742","title":"Innovation Revolution: How Technology is Shaping the Future of Finance","date":"2024-12-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117742"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117742","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001136_2025-06-23_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DE 1 day after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Lisa McClain delivered a 231-word floor speech on 2025-06-23 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to urge support for my bill, the Wastewater Infrastructure Pollution Prevention and Environmental Safety Act, better known as the WIPPES Act. This commonsense, bipartisan bil…\"). The member buy $DE (a Industrials-sector stock) 1 day after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-06-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":231,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to urge support for my bill, the Wastewater Infrastructure Pollution Prevention and Environmental Safety Act, better known as the WIPPES Act. This commonsense, bipartisan bil","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/06/23/171/107/CREC-2025-06-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/06/23/171/107/CREC-2025-06-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001136_2025-06-12_Telecom","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMUS 5 days after a Telecom floor speech","explanation":"Lisa McClain delivered a 160-word floor speech on 2025-06-12 that the classifier tagged Telecom sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from West Virginia (Mr. MOORE). Mr. MOORE of West Virginia. Mr. Speaker, as chairman of the RSC Re- scissions Task Force, I am proud to support this bill…\"). The member buy $TMUS (a Telecom-sector stock) 5 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-06-12","chamber":"House","wordCount":160,"sector":"Telecom","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from West Virginia (Mr. MOORE). Mr. MOORE of West Virginia. Mr. Speaker, as chairman of the RSC Re- scissions Task Force, I am proud to support this bill","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/06/12/171/101/CREC-2025-06-12-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","sector":"Telecom","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","sector":"Telecom","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","sector":"Telecom","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","sector":"Telecom","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","sector":"Telecom","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/06/12/171/101/CREC-2025-06-12-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_M001136_MSFT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 trades in $MSFT — MICROSOFT's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Lisa McClain executed 8 reported trades in $MSFT (MICROSOFT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","parent":"MICROSOFT","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-31"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-30"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC","parent":"MICROSOFT","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC%20-%20MSVPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC%20-%20MSVPAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_M001136","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $128,200","explanation":"Lisa McClain received campaign contributions totaling $128,200 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($11,600); UNITED WHOLESALE MORTGAGE ($10,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":128200,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":11600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED WHOLESALE MORTGAGE PAC (UWM PAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED WHOLESALE MORTGAGE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS INC. POLITICAL ACTION C","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001136","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $62,550 on 2024-03-28 (14.6× normal)","explanation":"Lisa McClain's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $62,550 on 2024-03-28 — 14.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":171300,"maxRatio":14.6,"maxAmount":62550},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-28","amount":62550,"ratio":14.6,"baselineDaily":4289,"count":25,"cmteId":"C00726042","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00726042&min_date=2024-03-28&max_date=2024-03-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-09-30","amount":55500,"ratio":11.6,"baselineDaily":4798,"count":36,"cmteId":"C00726042","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00726042&min_date=2023-09-30&max_date=2023-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-07-29","amount":53250,"ratio":12.4,"baselineDaily":4298,"count":26,"cmteId":"C00726042","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00726042&min_date=2024-07-29&max_date=2024-07-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00726042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00726042&min_date=2024-03-28&max_date=2024-03-28"]},{"id":"P65_M001136_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"452 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-10-30 — 151 unique tickers","explanation":"Lisa McClain executed 452 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-10-30 to 2025-10-31), spanning 151 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-10-30","windowEnd":"2025-10-31","tradeCount":452,"uniqueTickers":151,"totalDisclosedTrades":1394,"sampleTickers":["PII","HMC","NFLX","IT","BSX","WMT","CIEN","ILMN","RGEN","UNH"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001136","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 25 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 139 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lisa McClain appears in 25 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 139 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 25 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); trade near vote (24); coordinated trade cluster (21); hearing proximity trade (7).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":25,"totalFindings":139,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":24},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":21},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":2},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001136","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_M001136","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa McClain named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.6M total receipts) — top: LISA MCCLAIN LEADERSHIP FUND","explanation":"Lisa McClain appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: LISA MCCLAIN LEADERSHIP FUND (C00868091, $2.6M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.55,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00868091","name":"LISA MCCLAIN LEADERSHIP FUND","receipts":2553466,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00868091/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00868091/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00868091/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P139_M001136","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lisa McClain filed 1310 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 430 distinct tickers, 637 buys, 673 sells","explanation":"Lisa McClain filed 1310 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 637 were buy transactions and 673 were sells, spanning 430 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":1310,"distinctTickers":430,"buys":637,"sells":673,"sampleTickers":["BBAI","SYY","WSFS","SAP","TXT","SR","ORCL","NVDA","SLB","AXP","AZN","NTRS"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_M001136","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa McClain disclosed 4 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY NVDA $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Lisa McClain has filed 4 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY NVDA $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-11-07 · BUY PLTR $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-11-07 · BUY TSM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-11-07 · SELL NVDA $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-10-23.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":4,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":400004,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","date":"2024-11-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PLTR","action":"BUY","date":"2024-11-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TSM","action":"BUY","date":"2024-11-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","date":"2024-10-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001136","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lisa McClain executed 508 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY SYY (0d apart)","explanation":"Lisa McClain has 508 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY SYY 2025-10-30 → 2025-10-30 (0d) · BUY→SELL SYY 2025-10-30 → 2025-10-31 (1d) · SELL→BUY WSFS 2025-10-30 → 2025-10-30 (0d) · BUY→SELL WSFS 2025-10-30 → 2025-10-31 (1d) · BUY→SELL SAP 2025-06-09 → 2025-06-10 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":508,"samples":[{"ticker":"SYY","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-10-30","date2":"2025-10-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SYY","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-10-30","date2":"2025-10-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WSFS","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-10-30","date2":"2025-10-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WSFS","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-10-30","date2":"2025-10-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SAP","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-06-09","date2":"2025-06-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SAP","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-07-16","date2":"2025-07-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SAP","days":13,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-07-22","date2":"2025-08-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SAP","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-08-04","date2":"2025-08-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001136","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lisa McClain triggers 56 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Lisa McClain accumulates 56 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":56,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M001136","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa McClain triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Lisa McClain accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P4","P7","P10","P15","P17","P18","P19","P21","P25","P32","P34","P36","P40","P37","P42","P43","P47","P48","P49","P52","P61","P62","P65","P78","P109","P139","P140","P141"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_M001136_2025-10-30","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lisa McClain — 301 trades on 2025-10-30","explanation":"Lisa McClain disclosed 301 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-10-30). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-10-30","count":301}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001136","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lisa McClain — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (1394/1394)","explanation":"Lisa McClain's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":1394,"atBracket":1394,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001136","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lisa McClain — 435 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Lisa McClain has traded 435 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":435,"sample":["BBAI","SYY","WSFS","SAP","TXT","SR","ORCL","NVDA","SLB","AXP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001136_NVDA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa McClain — 12 disclosed trades in single ticker NVDA","explanation":"Lisa McClain traded NVDA on 12 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NVDA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NVDA","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_M001136","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa McClain — 4 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Lisa McClain has traded 4 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":4,"tickers":["PLTR","DDOG","UBER","CRWD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"H000273":[{"id":"P1_H000273_po70uw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY UBER 0d BEFORE S 1817 — \"Telecommunications Jobs Act of 2011\" · sponsor R-NV","explanation":"Member traded UBER (Technology) within 0 days of S 1817 \"Telecommunications Jobs Act of 2011\", sponsored by Sen. Heller, Dean [R-NV].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2026-01-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 1817","title":"Telecommunications Jobs Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2026-01-14","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. Heller, Dean [R-NV]","sponsorBioguide":"H001041","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"NV","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%201817"]},{"id":"P1_H000273_im4sdz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY INTU 1d BEFORE HR 4544 — \"Consumer Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded INTU (Technology) within 1 days of HR 4544 \"Consumer Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2025-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4544","title":"Consumer Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-03","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204544"]},{"id":"P1_H000273_vaqdb1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY PANW 1d BEFORE HR 4544 — \"Consumer Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PANW (Technology) within 1 days of HR 4544 \"Consumer Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2025-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4544","title":"Consumer Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-03","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204544"]},{"id":"P6_H000273_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,699,377 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SMP","explanation":"SMP spent $2,699,377 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"SMP","support":2699376.57,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_H000273_uwtvyc","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,283,909 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FAIR SHARE ACTION","explanation":"FAIR SHARE ACTION spent $1,283,909 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00526673","name":"FAIR SHARE ACTION","support":1283909.01,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00526673/"]},{"id":"P6_H000273_txqyzf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$453,676 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NRDC Action Votes","explanation":"NRDC Action Votes spent $453,676 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00740225","name":"NRDC Action Votes","support":453675.85,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00740225/"]},{"id":"P6_H000273_d0q784","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$289,944 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Story Network Foundation","explanation":"Story Network Foundation spent $289,944 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90019530","name":"Story Network Foundation","support":289944.13,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90019530/"]},{"id":"P7_H000273_m5v7u2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $18,244,436 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $18,244,436 opposing this member across 301 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":18244436.23,"totalSupport":5430294.939999998,"events":301,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRSC","oppose":8323525.17},{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":8054480.719999998},{"name":"ESAFund","oppose":582500},{"name":"NRA Victory Fund Inc","oppose":568207.51},{"name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","oppose":251209.20999999996}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H000273_e5s805","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,265,255 / spent $2,552,055","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00687582","cmteName":"GIDDY UP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":938775.5,"totalDisbursements":1179743.3,"cashOnHand":90704.88},{"cmteId":"C00687582","cmteName":"GIDDY UP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":551557.5,"totalDisbursements":589103.8,"cashOnHand":53158.57},{"cmteId":"C00687582","cmteName":"GIDDY UP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":454409.5,"totalDisbursements":440638.3,"cashOnHand":66929.74},{"cmteId":"C00687582","cmteName":"GIDDY UP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":320512.4,"totalDisbursements":342570,"cashOnHand":44872.2}],"totalRaised":2265254.9,"totalSpent":2552055.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H000273_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"78769 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $12,301,916 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 78769× NOT EMPLOYED = $12,301,916; 13018× SELF EMPLOYED = $2,728,676. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":78769,"total":12301916,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":13018,"total":2728676,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H000273_y1ylcx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$222,486 donation spike on 2019-08-22 — 26.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-08-22 this committee recorded $222,486 across 269 contributions — 26.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,461.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716720","date":"2019-08-22","amount":222486,"count":269,"baseline":8461,"ratio":26.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716720/"]},{"id":"P15_H000273_45wqm7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,103 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $124,103 across 79 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,567.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716720","date":"2025-03-31","amount":124103,"count":79,"baseline":13567,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716720/"]},{"id":"P15_H000273_460kjc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,406 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $87,406 across 197 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,433.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716720","date":"2025-09-30","amount":87406,"count":197,"baseline":13433,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716720/"]},{"id":"P15_H000273_y1ylcy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,481 donation spike on 2019-08-23 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-08-23 this committee recorded $75,481 across 94 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,053.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716720","date":"2019-08-23","amount":75481,"count":94,"baseline":11053,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716720/"]},{"id":"P15_H000273_46fw81","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,643 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $52,643 across 104 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,020.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716720","date":"2025-12-31","amount":52643,"count":104,"baseline":7020,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716720/"]},{"id":"P15_H000273_45wqli","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,062 donation spike on 2025-03-27 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-27 this committee recorded $51,062 across 44 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,592.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716720","date":"2025-03-27","amount":51062,"count":44,"baseline":7592,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716720/"]},{"id":"P15_H000273_i5ill9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$121,285 donation spike on 2019-09-06 — 17.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-06 this committee recorded $121,285 across 76 contributions — 17.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,075.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00698258","date":"2019-09-06","amount":121285,"count":76,"baseline":7075,"ratio":17.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00698258/"]},{"id":"P18_H000273_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Hickenlooper executed 17 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2026-01-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2025-09-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2025-09-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2023-05-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Central Regulatory Area of the G","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-12-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Competitive Bidding Rules for Auction of AWS-3 Licenses","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-08-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H000273_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Hickenlooper executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2021-10-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Michigan; Partial Approval and Partial Disapproval for Infrastructure SIP Requirements for the 2015 O","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2021-09-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H000273_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Hickenlooper executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2021-06-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program: Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Model Three-Year Extension and Changes to Episode Definition ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-05-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H000273_pjl8c2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper campaign paid $677,431 to 54 surname-matched vendors, top: O'LEARY, JUAN","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's campaign paid 130 disbursements totaling $677,431 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'LEARY, JUAN","total":163127.23,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"O'LEARY, JUAN","amount":11301.03,"date":"2024-01-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"O'LEARY, JUAN","amount":10113.04,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"O'LEARY, JUAN","amount":10006.54,"date":"2024-02-09","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'LEARY, ANN","total":112206.19,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"O'LEARY, ANN","amount":28000,"date":"2016-01-22","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"O'LEARY, ANN","amount":21206.19,"date":"2015-10-02","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"O'LEARY, ANN","amount":21000,"date":"2016-07-14","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DONNER, TIM","total":99389.6,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DONNER, TIM","amount":95000,"date":"2011-12-29","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"donner","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DONNER, TIM","amount":4389.6,"date":"2012-05-04","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"donner","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'LEARY, DENISE","total":40559.59,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"O'LEARY, DENISE","amount":32659.59,"date":"2019-11-19","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"O'LEARY, DENISE","amount":5000,"date":"2019-05-13","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION 4/29/2019","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"O'LEARY, DENISE","amount":2900,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"REFUND: CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"o'leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DONNER, DAVID","total":30050,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"DONNER, DAVID","amount":5600,"date":"2020-07-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"donner","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DONNER, DAVID","amount":5600,"date":"2019-05-16","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"donner","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DONNER, DAVID","amount":4000,"date":"2024-10-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"donner","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DONNER, STEPHANIE","total":26925.089999999997,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"DONNER, STEPHANIE","amount":4989.42,"date":"2019-03-08","description":"REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"donner","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DONNER, STEPHANIE","amount":4874.62,"date":"2019-03-30","description":"REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"donner","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DONNER, STEPHANIE","amount":2386.74,"date":"2019-04-25","description":"NET PAY","surnameMatched":"donner","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=O'LEARY"]},{"id":"P23_H000273_3v9626","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"19 trades in FWONK (Other) — 16% of this member's 118 total trades","explanation":"John Hickenlooper has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"FWONK","count":19,"buys":7,"sells":12,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2022-03-16","lastDate":"2025-12-10"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"LBRDK","count":15,"buys":7,"sells":8,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2021-03-15","lastDate":"2025-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_H000273_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HICKENLOOPER, John Wright voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_H000273","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"13% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 1.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 118 disclosed trades, 15 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 1.9× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":15,"total":118,"rate":12.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":1.85}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H000273","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"John Hickenlooper has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_H000273_GOOGL_20211101","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2021-Q4 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hickenlooper executed a sell in GOOGL during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H000273_MSFT_20211101","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2021-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hickenlooper executed a sell in MSFT during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H000273_AMZN_20211029","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2021-Q4 while AMAZON.COM, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hickenlooper executed a sell in AMZN during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, INC., AMAZON.COM SERVICES, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-29","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM, INC.","AMAZON.COM SERVICES, INC.","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H000273_AAPL_20211029","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q4 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hickenlooper executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-29","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H000273_CVX_20211028","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2021-Q4 while CHEVRON, USA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hickenlooper executed a sell in CVX during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON, USA, INC., CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-28","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_UBER_20260114","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $UBER 1 day after a corporate insider (Arora Nikesh  (CIK 0001468233)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Arora Nikesh  (CIK 0001468233)","filingDate":"2026-01-13","adsh":"0001468233-26-000001","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_CMG_20230526","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $CMG 1 day after a corporate insider (Hickenlooper Robin S  (CIK 0001567241)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMG","filer":"Hickenlooper Robin S  (CIK 0001567241)","filingDate":"2023-05-25","adsh":"0001127602-23-016908","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_FWONK_20251210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FWONK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $FWONK 1 day after a corporate insider (MALONE EVAN DANIEL  (CIK 0001442645)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FWONK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FWONK","filer":"MALONE EVAN DANIEL  (CIK 0001442645)","filingDate":"2025-12-09","adsh":"0001225208-25-009813","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_LBRDK_20221129","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LBRDK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $LBRDK 1 day after a corporate insider (WELSH JOHN E III  (CIK 0001180040)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LBRDK","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LBRDK","filer":"WELSH JOHN E III  (CIK 0001180040)","filingDate":"2022-11-28","adsh":"0001225208-22-011950","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_LBRDK_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LBRDK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $LBRDK 1 day after a corporate insider (MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LBRDK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LBRDK","filer":"MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)","filingDate":"2022-03-15","adsh":"0001225208-22-004750","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_LBRDA_20220513","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LBRDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $LBRDA 1 day after a corporate insider (WARGO J DAVID  (CIK 0001082013)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LBRDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LBRDA","filer":"WARGO J DAVID  (CIK 0001082013)","filingDate":"2022-05-12","adsh":"0001225208-22-006927","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_TTD_20230428","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TTD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $TTD 2 days after a corporate insider (GRAYSON BLAKE JEFFREY  (CIK 0001796825)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TTD","filer":"GRAYSON BLAKE JEFFREY  (CIK 0001796825)","filingDate":"2023-04-26","adsh":"0001209191-23-025674","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_FWONK_20221214","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FWONK 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $FWONK 2 days after a corporate insider (DEEVY BRIAN  (CIK 0001442360)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FWONK","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FWONK","filer":"DEEVY BRIAN  (CIK 0001442360)","filingDate":"2022-12-12","adsh":"0001225208-22-012561","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_LSXMK_20210315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LSXMK 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $LSXMK 3 days after a corporate insider (CHANG DEREK  (CIK 0001271943)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LSXMK","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LSXMK","filer":"CHANG DEREK  (CIK 0001271943)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0001225208-21-005236","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_SIRI_20230609","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SIRI 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $SIRI 4 days after a corporate insider (Hickenlooper Robin S  (CIK 0001567241)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SIRI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SIRI","filer":"Hickenlooper Robin S  (CIK 0001567241)","filingDate":"2023-06-05","adsh":"0001225208-23-006542","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_FWONK_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FWONK 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $FWONK 5 days after a corporate insider (MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FWONK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FWONK","filer":"MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0001225208-22-004528","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H000273_LSXMK_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LSXMK 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $LSXMK 5 days after a corporate insider (MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LSXMK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LSXMK","filer":"MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0001225208-22-004528","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_PANW_20250902","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PANW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $PANW 1 day before a corporate insider (Paul Josh D.  (CIK 0001882285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PANW","filer":"Paul Josh D.  (CIK 0001882285)","filingDate":"2025-09-03","adsh":"0000950170-25-112842"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_CMG_20250612","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $CMG 1 day before a corporate insider (WINSTON MARY A  (CIK 0001282797)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMG","filer":"WINSTON MARY A  (CIK 0001282797)","filingDate":"2025-06-13","adsh":"0001127602-25-017461"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_CMG_20240912","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $CMG 1 day before a corporate insider (Garner Curtis E  (CIK 0001641487)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMG","filer":"Garner Curtis E  (CIK 0001641487)","filingDate":"2024-09-13","adsh":"0001127602-24-023902"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_CMG_20210519","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $CMG 1 day before a corporate insider (Baldocchi Albert S  (CIK 0001351044)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMG","filer":"Baldocchi Albert S  (CIK 0001351044)","filingDate":"2021-05-20","adsh":"0001127602-21-017577"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_LBRDK_20210901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LBRDK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $LBRDK 1 day before a corporate insider (ROSENTHALER ALBERT E  (CIK 0001195195)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LBRDK","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LBRDK","filer":"ROSENTHALER ALBERT E  (CIK 0001195195)","filingDate":"2021-09-02","adsh":"0001225208-21-011964"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_LSXMK_20240909","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LSXMK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $LSXMK 2 days before a corporate insider (MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LSXMK","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LSXMK","filer":"MAFFEI GREGORY B  (CIK 0001099636)","filingDate":"2024-09-11","adsh":"0001225208-24-008590"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_BATRK_20240828","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BATRK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $BATRK 2 days before a corporate insider (Wendling Brian J  (CIK 0001663090)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BATRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BATRK","filer":"Wendling Brian J  (CIK 0001663090)","filingDate":"2024-08-30","adsh":"0001225208-24-008318"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_PEP_20250902","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PEP 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $PEP 3 days before a corporate insider (PEP VIII Intermediate 6 L.P.  (CIK 0001810758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"PEP VIII Intermediate 6 L.P.  (CIK 0001810758)","filingDate":"2025-09-05","adsh":"0000950170-25-113300"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_TTD_20210510","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TTD 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $TTD 4 days before a corporate insider (VOBEJDA SUSAN  (CIK 0001755875)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TTD","filer":"VOBEJDA SUSAN  (CIK 0001755875)","filingDate":"2021-05-14","adsh":"0001209191-21-032878"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_FWONK_20250509","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FWONK 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $FWONK 4 days before a corporate insider (Wilm Renee L  (CIK 0001789667)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FWONK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FWONK","filer":"Wilm Renee L  (CIK 0001789667)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001225208-25-005050"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_SNAP_20230428","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SNAP 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $SNAP 4 days before a corporate insider (O'Sullivan Michael J.  (CIK 0001713777)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNAP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNAP","filer":"O'Sullivan Michael J.  (CIK 0001713777)","filingDate":"2023-05-02","adsh":"0001209191-23-026740"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_QRTEA_20210510","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $QRTEA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $QRTEA 4 days before a corporate insider (RAPLEY DAVID E  (CIK 0001195192)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QRTEA","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QRTEA","filer":"RAPLEY DAVID E  (CIK 0001195192)","filingDate":"2021-05-14","adsh":"0001225208-21-008180"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_AMZN_20230428","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $AMZN 5 days before a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2023-05-03","adsh":"0001104659-23-055500"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_INTC_20230510","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INTC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $INTC 5 days before a corporate insider (Liu Tsu-Jae King  (CIK 0001679204)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"Liu Tsu-Jae King  (CIK 0001679204)","filingDate":"2023-05-15","adsh":"0001127602-23-015609"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_VZ_20230510","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $VZ 5 days before a corporate insider (Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)","filingDate":"2023-05-15","adsh":"0001062993-23-011016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_LBRDK_20221129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LBRDK 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $LBRDK 6 days before a corporate insider (WARGO J DAVID  (CIK 0001082013)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LBRDK","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LBRDK","filer":"WARGO J DAVID  (CIK 0001082013)","filingDate":"2022-12-05","adsh":"0001225208-22-012298"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_UBER_20260114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $UBER 7 days before a corporate insider (THAIN JOHN A  (CIK 0001090355)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"THAIN JOHN A  (CIK 0001090355)","filingDate":"2026-01-21","adsh":"0001090355-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_SIRI_20260205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SIRI 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $SIRI 7 days before a corporate insider (Thorsen Wayne  (CIK 0001960786)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SIRI","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SIRI","filer":"Thorsen Wayne  (CIK 0001960786)","filingDate":"2026-02-12","adsh":"0001225208-26-001798"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_FWONK_20251210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FWONK 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $FWONK 7 days before a corporate insider (Wendling Brian J  (CIK 0001663090)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FWONK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FWONK","filer":"Wendling Brian J  (CIK 0001663090)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001225208-25-010101"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_LSXMK_20221205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LSXMK 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper sell $LSXMK 7 days before a corporate insider (DEEVY BRIAN  (CIK 0001442360)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LSXMK","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LSXMK","filer":"DEEVY BRIAN  (CIK 0001442360)","filingDate":"2022-12-12","adsh":"0001225208-22-012561"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000273_LINE_20240725","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LINE 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hickenlooper buy $LINE 8 days before a corporate insider (BLEGEN THEODORE  (CIK 0001415033)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LINE","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LINE","filer":"BLEGEN THEODORE  (CIK 0001415033)","filingDate":"2024-08-02","adsh":"0001214659-24-013736"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_LOW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $LOW — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $LOW on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $LOW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LOW","assetName":"LOW - Lowe's Companies, Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LOW","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_TJX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $TJX — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $TJX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $TJX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TJX","assetName":"TJX - The TJX Companies, Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TJX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_PEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $PEP — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $PEP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PEP","assetName":"PEP - PepsiCo, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PEP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_MRK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $MRK — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $MRK on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MRK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MRK","assetName":"MRK - Merck & Co., Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MRK","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,000,001 - $5,000,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,000,001 - $5,000,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_CMG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $CMG — also a disclosed holding (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $CMG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $CMG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CMG","assetName":"CMG - Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc.","valueRange":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CMG","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-12"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-12"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_QRTEA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $QRTEA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $QRTEA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $QRTEA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"QRTEA","assetName":"QRTEA - Qurate Retail, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"QRTEA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_SIRI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $SIRI — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $SIRI on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $SIRI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SIRI","assetName":"SIRI - Sirius XM Holdings Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SIRI","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-25"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_BATRK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 trades in $BATRK — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $BATRK on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 10 reported trades in $BATRK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BATRK","assetName":"BATRK - The Liberty Braves Group Filer comment: PSUs received as an employee benefit","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BATRK","tradeCount":10,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-30"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_LBRDA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $LBRDA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $LBRDA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $LBRDA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LBRDA","assetName":"LBRDA - Liberty Broadband Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LBRDA","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_LBRDK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 trades in $LBRDK — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $LBRDK on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 15 reported trades in $LBRDK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LBRDK","assetName":"LBRDK - Liberty Broadband Corporation","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LBRDK","tradeCount":15,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_LTRPA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $LTRPA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $LTRPA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $LTRPA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LTRPA","assetName":"LTRPA - Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LTRPA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_FWONA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $FWONA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $FWONA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $FWONA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FWONA","assetName":"FWONA - Formula One Group","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FWONA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-13"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_FWONK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 trades in $FWONK — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $FWONK on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 19 reported trades in $FWONK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FWONK","assetName":"FWONK - Formula One Group","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FWONK","tradeCount":19,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_BATRA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $BATRA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $BATRA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $BATRA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BATRA","assetName":"BATRA - The Liberty Braves Group","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BATRA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_LSXMK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"11 trades in $LSXMK — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $LSXMK on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 11 reported trades in $LSXMK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LSXMK","assetName":"LSXMK - Liberty Media Corporation - Series C Liberty Siriu Filer comment: Remaining shares exchanged","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LSXMK","tradeCount":11,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-06"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-12"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_LINE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $LINE — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $LINE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $LINE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LINE","assetName":"LINE - Lineage, Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LINE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_INTC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $INTC — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $INTC on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $INTC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"INTC","assetName":"INTC - Intel Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f667aa1-b9ab-4fe2-bced-c43f4f103c48/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"INTC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f667aa1-b9ab-4fe2-bced-c43f4f103c48/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_VZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $VZ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $VZ on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VZ","assetName":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f667aa1-b9ab-4fe2-bced-c43f4f103c48/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VZ","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f667aa1-b9ab-4fe2-bced-c43f4f103c48/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_TTD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $TTD — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $TTD on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $TTD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TTD","assetName":"TTD - The Trade Desk, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f667aa1-b9ab-4fe2-bced-c43f4f103c48/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TTD","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f667aa1-b9ab-4fe2-bced-c43f4f103c48/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_GOOGL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $GOOGL — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $GOOGL on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GOOGL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GOOGL","assetName":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GOOGL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_FB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $FB — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $FB on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $FB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FB","assetName":"FB - Facebook, Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FB","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_NVDA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $NVDA — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $NVDA on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NVDA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NVDA","assetName":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NVDA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_PYPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $PYPL — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper disclosed an asset position in $PYPL on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PYPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PYPL","assetName":"PYPL - PayPal Holdings, Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PYPL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_H000273_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (ABT)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (ABT) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["ABT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_H000273_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (RTX)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (RTX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["RTX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_H000273_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 2 Energy stocks (CVX, XOM)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX, XOM) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","XOM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_H000273","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $45,000","explanation":"John Hickenlooper received campaign contributions totaling $45,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE ($10,000); FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE ($10,000); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($5,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($5,000); SOUTHERN GLAZER'S WINE AND SPIRITS, LLC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":45000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","ldaClient":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"SOUTHERN GLAZER'S WINE & SPIRITS PAC","ldaClient":"SOUTHERN GLAZER'S WINE AND SPIRITS, LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_H000273","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $222,486 on 2019-08-22 (26.3× normal)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $222,486 on 2019-08-22 — 26.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":343771,"maxRatio":26.3,"maxAmount":222486},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-08-22","amount":222486,"ratio":26.3,"baselineDaily":8461,"count":269,"cmteId":"C00716720","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00716720&min_date=2019-08-22&max_date=2019-08-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-06","amount":121285,"ratio":17.1,"baselineDaily":7075,"count":76,"cmteId":"C00698258","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00698258&min_date=2019-09-06&max_date=2019-09-06"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716720/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00716720&min_date=2019-08-22&max_date=2019-08-22"]},{"id":"P63_H000273","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 105 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 105 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): VDIGX, PG, USB, ITW, WM, LOW, TJX, KO, PEP, ABT, ABBV, AMGN, MRK, NVS, CB, … (90 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":105,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["VDIGX","PG","USB","ITW","WM","LOW","TJX","KO","PEP","ABT","ABBV","AMGN","MRK","NVS","CB","JPM","AAPL","ADP","DUK","MCD","MSFT","RTX","XLE","SDZNY","QQQM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_H000273","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $6.0M in personal liabilities (20% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $6,000,001 in personal liabilities against $30,431,244.5 in assets — a 19.7% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $6.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":6000001,"totalAssetMid":30431244.5,"leverageRatio":19.7,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2016 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 3.125% (15 year) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · UMB Bank N.A. Kansas City, MO · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2021 · Self · Other (Margin Loan) · - · 5.75% (on demand) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Charles Schwab Westlake, TX · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_H000273","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at Anne Morris Macdonald Marital Trust Philadelphia, ","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at Anne Morris Macdonald Marital Trust Philadelphia, PA (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Feb 2024 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Anne Morris Macdonald Marital Trust Philadelphia, PA","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_H000273_2022","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 11 new ticker holdings in 2022 not present in prior PFD filings — including OGN, XLE, QQQM, CCCS, FIEUX, PTON","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 11 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: OGN, XLE, QQQM, CCCS, FIEUX, PTON, CARG, NOK, PINS, SIRI, LMACU.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2022,"count":11,"newTickers":["OGN","XLE","QQQM","CCCS","FIEUX","PTON","CARG","NOK","PINS","SIRI","LMACU"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ad0ba859-5ff9-49ad-b95b-5592f3bffd67/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ad0ba859-5ff9-49ad-b95b-5592f3bffd67/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H000273","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 23 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 113 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Hickenlooper appears in 23 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 113 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 23 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (41); insider front ran trade (21); insider followed trade (12); daily donation spike (7); lobbying timeline trade (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":23,"totalFindings":113,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":41},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":21},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H000273","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_H000273_2021","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 16 ticker holdings between 2020 and 2021 — including UPS, CFR, SNVXX, ACN, ADI, BAX","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 16 ticker holdings present in the 2020 filing but absent in 2021. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: UPS, CFR, SNVXX, ACN, ADI, BAX, BLK, LIN, ALC, IBM, FDRXX, SBUX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2020,2021],"count":16,"divestedTickers":["UPS","CFR","SNVXX","ACN","ADI","BAX","BLK","LIN","ALC","IBM","FDRXX","SBUX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8ce6a0ba-f62b-401e-ac02-6f084b0d8c77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper discloses 7 speculative derivatives + 1 compensation option — FWONK - Liberty Media Formula One Sr C Strike price: $42.10 | Neither Expires: 1…","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 8 qualifying instruments: 7 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: FWONK - Liberty Media Formula One Sr C Strike price: $42.10  · LLYVK - Liberty Media Corp Series C Strike price: $33.97 | N · BATRK - Liberty Media Corporation - Series C Liberty Brave S · Fidelity - Restricted Stock Awards.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":7,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[{"asset":"FWONK - Liberty Media Formula One Sr C Strike price: $42.10 | Neither Expires: 12/10/2027 Filer comment: Exercised stock option on 5/20/24 &","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"LLYVK - Liberty Media Corp Series C Strike price: $33.97 | Neither Expires: 12/11/2030","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"BATRK - Liberty Media Corporation - Series C Liberty Brave Strike price: $26.36 | Neither Expires: 12/10/2027 Filer comment: Exercised stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"BATRK - Liberty Media Corporation - Series C Liberty Brave Strike price: $37.45 | Neither Expires: 12/11/2030","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"FWONK - Liberty Media Formula One Sr C Strike price: $62.90 | Neither Expires: 12/08/2030","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"LLYVK - Liberty Live Series C Strike price: $45.33 | Neither Expires: 12/10/2027","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"compensation":[{"asset":"Fidelity - Restricted Stock Awards","type":"Deferred Compensation Deferred Compensation - Other","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_H000273_2020","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper filed 2 amendments to the 2020 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John Hickenlooper's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2020 report alone, with 4 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2020,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Candidate Report  (Amendment 1)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cc141de7-9656-48d0-a1dd-f425c9a8bf85/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c73039fa-30dd-4164-8568-53ae587c40af/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cc141de7-9656-48d0-a1dd-f425c9a8bf85/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c73039fa-30dd-4164-8568-53ae587c40af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper discloses 19 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (2 top-bracket + 17 unascertainable, 18% of 106 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 19 opaque-value entries (2 top-bracket, 17 unascertainable) across 106 total reported assets — 18% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: John W Hickenlooper Irrevocable Trust (--) · Vanguard Brokerage Account (--) · Charles Schwab - Bartlett Wealth Management (--) · Fidelity Traditional IRA (--) · Fidelity Brokerage (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":19,"topBracketCount":2,"unascertCount":17,"totalAssets":106,"opaqueRatio":0.179,"samples":[{"asset":"John W Hickenlooper Irrevocable Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Vanguard Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Charles Schwab - Bartlett Wealth Management","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Traditional IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Brokerage","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 PFD: 66 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (62% of 107 reported assets)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 66 reported holdings owned by Spouse (60), Joint (0), or Dependent (6) — 62% of 107 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Skylark Lounge Holdings LLC Description: Neighborhood bar and music lounge (Denv · Dependent: Fidelity Brokerage · Dependent: AAPL - Apple Inc. - Common Stock · Dependent: SBUX - Starbucks Corporation - Common Stock.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":60,"Joint":0,"Dependent":6,"Self":40},"totalAssets":107,"familyShare":0.617,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Skylark Lounge Holdings LLC Description: Neighborhood bar and music lounge (Denv","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Fidelity Brokerage","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"SBUX - Starbucks Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"PLTR - Palantir Technologies Inc Cl A","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 PFD: 6 holdings ≥$1M each — VDIGX, PG, AAPL","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: VDIGX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · PG ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · AAPL ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · MSFT ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · QQQM ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VDIGX","asset":"VDIGX - Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund Investor Shares","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"PG","asset":"PG - The Procter & Gamble Company","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"QQQM","asset":"QQQM - Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"CMG","asset":"CMG - Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc.","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P92_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 PFD: 6 holdings owned by Dependent Child (4 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 6 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 4 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Fidelity Brokerage · AAPL - Apple Inc. - Common Stock · SBUX - Starbucks Corporation - Common Stock · PLTR - Palantir Technologies Inc Cl A · Fidelity - Roth IRA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":6,"highValueCount":4,"holdings":[{"asset":"Fidelity Brokerage","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc. - Common Stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"SBUX - Starbucks Corporation - Common Stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"PLTR - Palantir Technologies Inc Cl A","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Fidelity - Roth IRA","type":"Retirement Plans IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"FSPGX - Fidelity Large Cap Growth Index Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P96_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Charles Schwab Westlake,","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Other (Margin Loan) ($$1,000,001 - $5,000,000) at 5.75% (on demand) from Charles Schwab Westlake,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Other (Margin Loan)","rate":"5.75% (on demand)","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","creditor":"Charles Schwab Westlake, TX","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P104_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Hickenlooper\" — top: John W Hickenlooper Irrevocable Trust","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Hickenlooper\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: John W Hickenlooper Irrevocable Trust (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Hickenlooper","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"John W Hickenlooper Irrevocable Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 17 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AAPL ($20.9M), MRK ($19.8M), AMGN ($18.2M)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 17 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $132.9M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · MRK ($19.8M, 49 filings) · AMGN ($18.2M, 60 filings) · MSFT ($12.3M, 66 filings) · DUK ($11.0M, 39 filings) · PLTR ($7.7M, 39 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":17,"totalLobbyAcrossM":132.93,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"MRK","totalLobby":19810000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO. INC."},{"ticker":"AMGN","totalLobby":18160000,"recordCount":60,"topClient":"AMGEN INC."},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"DUK","totalLobby":10990000,"recordCount":39,"topClient":"DUKE ENERGY CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"PLTR","totalLobby":7695000,"recordCount":39,"topClient":"PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIES INC."},{"ticker":"ABBV","totalLobby":7350000,"recordCount":35,"topClient":"ABBVIE INC."},{"ticker":"JPM","totalLobby":6050000,"recordCount":41,"topClient":"JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 2 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), MSFT (8,404)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 19,299 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalPatents":19299,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 4 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $397M) — top: MRK ($361.3M), PLTR ($25.3M), ABT ($8.2M)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $397M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: MRK ($361.3M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · PLTR ($25.3M, 5 contracts, Department of Agriculture) · ABT ($8.2M, 12 contracts, Department of Veterans Affairs) · RTX ($2.6M, 3 contracts, Department of Transportation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":4,"totalContractValueM":397.37,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","total":361340129.54,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"PLTR","total":25266115.07,"count":5,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture","Department of the Treasury","Department of Energy"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"ABT","total":8209969.99,"count":12,"agencies":["Department of Veterans Affairs"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"RTX","total":2558117.42,"count":3,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_H000273","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($4.9M total receipts) — top: HICKENLOOPER VICTORY FUND","explanation":"John Hickenlooper appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $4.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HICKENLOOPER VICTORY FUND (C00744599, $4.9M receipts, treasurer MELE, STEVEN). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":4.93,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00744599","name":"HICKENLOOPER VICTORY FUND","receipts":4925811.49,"treasurer":"MELE, STEVEN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744599/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744599/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00744599/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P114_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — AAPL, MSFT","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: AAPL ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · MSFT ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — RTX","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: RTX ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"RTX","asset":"RTX - Raytheon Technologies Corporation","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — CB","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: CB ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CB","asset":"CB - Chubb Limited","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 2 telecom/cable tickers on 2025 PFD — LBRDA, LBRDK","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: LBRDA ($1,001 - $15,000) · LBRDK ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LBRDA","asset":"LBRDA - Liberty Broadband Corporation","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LBRDK","asset":"LBRDK - Liberty Broadband Corporation","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 2 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — USB, JPM","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: USB ($100,001 - $250,000) · JPM ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"USB","asset":"USB - U.S. Bancorp","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JPMorgan Chase & Co.","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 3 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — ABBV, AMGN, MRK","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: ABBV ($250,001 - $500,000) · AMGN ($250,001 - $500,000) · MRK ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ABBV","asset":"ABBV - AbbVie Inc.","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AMGN","asset":"AMGN - Amgen Inc.","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MRK","asset":"MRK - Merck & Co., Inc.","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 1 asset-manager / PE-firm ticker on 2025 PFD — ADP","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: ADP ($500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ADP","asset":"ADP - Automatic Data Processing, Inc.","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 PFD lists 57 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 57 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): VDIGX, PG, USB, ITW, WM, LOW, TJX, KO, PEP, ABT.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":57,"sampleTickers":["VDIGX","PG","USB","ITW","WM","LOW","TJX","KO","PEP","ABT","ABBV","AMGN","MRK","NVS","CB","JPM","AAPL","ADP","DUK","MCD","MSFT","RTX","XLE","SDZNY","QQQM","SBUX","PLTR","DODGX","MWTSX","PHIYX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_H000273","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper's earliest disclosed PFD (2019) shows $18.8M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2019) shows total assets of $18.8M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 124; earned-income on first filing: $133,432.24.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2019","totalAssetMid":18765826.150000002,"assetCount":124,"earnedIncome":133432.24,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9d83b4bd-8ac9-42d7-a037-bc740e4d3b43/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9d83b4bd-8ac9-42d7-a037-bc740e4d3b43/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_H000273","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $106M across 6 cycles","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's FEC-bulk record shows $106.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 6 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":106.46,"cycleCount":6,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0CO00575"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CO00575/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_H000273","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper disclosed 49 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 18 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY UBER $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"John Hickenlooper has filed 49 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 18 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY UBER $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-01-14 · BUY INTU $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-09-02 · BUY PANW $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-09-02 · SELL PEP $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-09-02.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":49,"veryHighCount":18,"lowerBoundSum":8100049,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","date":"2026-01-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"INTU","action":"BUY","date":"2025-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PANW","action":"BUY","date":"2025-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PEP","action":"SELL","date":"2025-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CMG","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LBRDK","action":"BUY","date":"2025-05-19","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_H000273","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper executed 27 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL FWONK (0d apart)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper has 27 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL FWONK 2022-05-13 → 2022-05-13 (0d) · BUY→SELL FWONK 2022-08-09 → 2022-08-11 (2d) · BUY→SELL FWONK 2023-03-08 → 2023-03-08 (0d) · SELL→BUY FWONK 2024-05-20 → 2024-05-20 (0d) · BUY→SELL FWONK 2024-06-03 → 2024-06-03 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":27,"samples":[{"ticker":"FWONK","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-05-13","date2":"2022-05-13","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"FWONK","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-08-09","date2":"2022-08-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"FWONK","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-03-08","date2":"2023-03-08","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"FWONK","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-05-20","date2":"2024-05-20","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FWONK","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-06-03","date2":"2024-06-03","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FWONK","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-05-09","date2":"2025-05-09","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LBRDK","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-03-15","date2":"2021-03-15","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"LBRDK","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-09-01","date2":"2021-09-01","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_H000273","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper's PAC funding concentrates 72% in Technology ($0.11M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's PAC donors concentrate 72% in the Technology industry — $0.11M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.11M · Finance $0.04M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.11,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":72,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.11,"Finance":0.04}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CO00575/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_H000273","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper triggers 32 HIGH-severity findings across 50 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John Hickenlooper accumulates 32 HIGH-severity findings across 50 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":32,"distinctDetectorTypes":50}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_H000273","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hickenlooper triggers 51 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John Hickenlooper accumulates findings across 51 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 51 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":51,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P6","P7","P10","P14","P15","P18","P19","P23","P29","P32","P36","P37","P42","P43","P53","P54","P61","P62","P63","P69","P70","P74","P78","P79","P81","P82","P83","P87","P88"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P159_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper holds 1 non-US-domiciled stock on 2025 PFD across 1 country — NVS (Switzerland)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 1 country (Switzerland). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: NVS (Switzerland, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":1,"countries":["Switzerland"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"NVS","country":"Switzerland","asset":"NVS - Novartis AG","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P161_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 PFD includes 2 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Aggressive Age-Based Option: Aggressive Growth Portfolio · Aggressive Age−Based Option: 12.5%Stock/87.5% Bond Portfolio Filer com.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"Aggressive Age-Based Option: Aggressive Growth Portfolio","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"asset":"Aggressive Age−Based Option: 12.5%Stock/87.5% Bond Portfolio Filer comment: 2024 purchases less than","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 PFD initiated 1 large new ticker position (≥$100K) — top: BAGIX ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 new ticker position in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: BAGIX ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BAGIX","asset":"BAGIX - Baird Aggregate Bond Fund Institutional Class","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f667aa1-b9ab-4fe2-bced-c43f4f103c48/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f667aa1-b9ab-4fe2-bced-c43f4f103c48/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_CO_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CO delegation: John Hickenlooper & Michael Bennet both flagged on 26 shared detector types (7 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from CO — John Hickenlooper and Michael Bennet — are flagged on the same 26 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 7 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P10, P14, P15, P19, P29, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"CO","juniorSenatorBid":"B001267","juniorSenatorName":"Michael Bennet","sharedDetectorCount":26,"sharedHighCount":7,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P10","P14","P15","P19","P29","P36","P53","P61","P63","P74","P82","P83","P87","P88"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000273","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001267"]},{"id":"P175_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 PFD reports $6.00M in total liabilities (3 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $6.00M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 3 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 20% of total assets ($30.43M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":6,"totalAssetMidM":30.43,"liabCount":3,"leverageRatio":0.197,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P180_H000273","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper — 45 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John Hickenlooper has traded 45 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":45,"sample":["SIRI","ETN","LOW","UBER","TJX","FWONK","INTU","PANW","PEP","CMG"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_H000273_FWONK","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper — 19 disclosed trades in single ticker FWONK","explanation":"John Hickenlooper traded FWONK on 19 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the FWONK trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"FWONK","count":19}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_H000273_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper — 68 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Hickenlooper's 2025 Senate PFD shows 68 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":68,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2d8ab18f-612f-4dfd-92f7-87740b0cc9ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_H000273","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hickenlooper — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["UBER","PINS"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_H000273","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hickenlooper — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($53.2M)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $53.2M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":53230398,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CO00575/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P53_H000273_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+16 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John Hickenlooper accumulated 41 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 16 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 16 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":16,"totalRaw":41,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":16}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000273"]}],"B001325":[{"id":"P1_B001325_79hhjf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 2d BEFORE HR 7572 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 2 days of HR 7572 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7572","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207572"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_fdt3fo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 2d BEFORE HR 372 — \"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 2 days of HR 372 \"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 372","title":"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20372"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_cz17c2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PGR 0d BEFORE HR 414 — \"Student Visa Security Improvement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PGR (Finance) within 0 days of HR 414 \"Student Visa Security Improvement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 414","title":"Student Visa Security Improvement Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20414"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_317vnq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NOC 1d after SRES 72 — \"A resolution affirming that Hamas cannot retain an…\"","explanation":"Member traded NOC (Defense) within 1 days of SRES 72 \"A resolution affirming that Hamas cannot retain any political or military contro\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 72","title":"A resolution affirming that Hamas cannot retain any political or military control in the Gaza Strip.","introducedDate":"2025-03-18","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%2072"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_ylex","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL FIS 0d BEFORE HR 414 — \"Student Visa Security Improvement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded FIS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 414 \"Student Visa Security Improvement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 414","title":"Student Visa Security Improvement Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20414"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_wd924d","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NSC 0d BEFORE S 174 — \"Amtrak Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NSC (Transportation) within 0 days of S 174 \"Amtrak Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 174","title":"Amtrak Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20174"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_cw3iiu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SCHW 0d BEFORE HR 414 — \"Student Visa Security Improvement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SCHW (Finance) within 0 days of HR 414 \"Student Visa Security Improvement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 414","title":"Student Visa Security Improvement Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-19","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20414"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_xsi1w","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MRK 2d BEFORE HR 372 — \"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MRK (Pharma) within 2 days of HR 372 \"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 372","title":"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20372"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_9fjf6p","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TXN 2d BEFORE HR 7572 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded TXN (Technology) within 2 days of HR 7572 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7572","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207572"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_z3oaaa","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 3d BEFORE HR 7572 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 3 days of HR 7572 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-03-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7572","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207572"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_aqxuva","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CVX 1d after HR 1281 — \"Natural GAS Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded CVX (Energy) within 1 days of HR 1281 \"Natural GAS Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-03-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1281","title":"Natural GAS Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-17","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201281"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_5r8iuf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL D 1d after HR 1281 — \"Natural GAS Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded D (Energy) within 1 days of HR 1281 \"Natural GAS Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2025-03-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1281","title":"Natural GAS Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-17","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201281"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_hq2cwi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CSCO 3d BEFORE HR 7572 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded CSCO (Technology) within 3 days of HR 7572 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2025-03-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7572","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207572"]},{"id":"P1_B001325_pqdzlx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BLK 0d BEFORE HR 445 — \"Border Security Investment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded BLK (Finance) within 0 days of HR 445 \"Border Security Investment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-03-18","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 445","title":"Border Security Investment Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-18","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20445"]},{"id":"P6_B001325_tw2bwh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$313,565 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND","explanation":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND) spent $313,565 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00772152","name":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND)","support":313565,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772152/"]},{"id":"P11_B001325_ke50oa","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $459,121 in itemized individual contributions, $325,428 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":459121,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-19267,"$200.01-$499":15052,"$500-$999":52316,"$1000-$1999":85592,"$2000 and over":325428},"megaShare":70.9,"smallDonorShare":-4.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001325_DEO_2025-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-18 and 2025-03-24, 4 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001325","name":"Sheri Biggs"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"W000830","name":"George Whitesides"}],"span":"2025-03-18 to 2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001325_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheri Biggs executed 6 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Reclassification of Pillar Coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus) From Threatened t","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-02-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Reclassification of Pillar Coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus) From Threatened t","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001325_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheri Biggs executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act; Implementation","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-02-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act; Implementation","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-02-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001325_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheri Biggs executed 5 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CINF","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Technical Amendments to Commission Rules and Forms","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-02-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Technical Amendments to Commission Rules and Forms","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001325_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheri Biggs executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001325_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sheri Biggs executed 3 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: NAC International, Inc. MAGNASTOR® Storage System, Certificate of Compliance ","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2025-02-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: NAC International, Inc. MAGNASTOR® Storage System, Certificate of Compliance ","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2025-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001325_7ph0c7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheri Biggs campaign paid $308,658 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: BIGGS, ANDY MR.","explanation":"Sheri Biggs's campaign paid 96 disbursements totaling $308,658 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIGGS, ANDY MR.","total":146000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"BIGGS, ANDY MR.","amount":40000,"date":"2021-05-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BIGGS, ANDY MR.","amount":16000,"date":"2019-07-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BIGGS, ANDY MR.","amount":15000,"date":"2020-07-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS","total":38700,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS","amount":20700,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS","amount":18000,"date":"2024-08-06","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIGGS, GRETCHEN","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BIGGS, GRETCHEN","amount":20000,"date":"2023-10-19","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GORTON BLAIR BIGGS INTL","total":14413.05,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GORTON BLAIR BIGGS INTL","amount":7275.45,"date":"2012-04-05","description":"TV ADVERTISING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"GORTON BLAIR BIGGS INTL","amount":7137.6,"date":"2012-04-19","description":"TV ADVERTISING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","total":7934.4400000000005,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":1550,"date":"2014-02-03","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":975,"date":"2014-01-29","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":951,"date":"2013-10-17","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BIGGS"]},{"id":"P20_B001325_1t08","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sits on committees overseeing Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["National Transportation Safety Board","Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_B001325","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"96% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 15.0× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 81 disclosed trades, 78 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 15.0× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":78,"total":81,"rate":96.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":14.95}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_B001325_tfj29i","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMERICA LEADS ACTION INC. both supported ($66,581) and opposed ($3,972) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sheri Biggs advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00864926","name":"AMERICA LEADS ACTION INC.","support":66580.87,"oppose":3972.38,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00864926/"]},{"id":"P36_B001325","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"Sheri Biggs has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_B001325_CVX_20250401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in CVX 14 days before FTC action","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sold CVX within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-04-01","title":"FTC Seeks Public Comment on Petition to Modify Chevron-Hess Final Order","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-seeks-public-comment-petition-modify-chevron-hess-final-order"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-18","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-seeks-public-comment-petition-modify-chevron-hess-final-order"]},{"id":"P42_B001325_PGR_20250319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PGR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sell $PGR 1 day after a corporate insider (Bauer Jonathan S.  (CIK 0001798968)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Bauer Jonathan S.  (CIK 0001798968)","filingDate":"2025-03-18","adsh":"0001127602-25-009733","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001325_SBUX_20250319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SBUX 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sell $SBUX 5 days after a corporate insider (KNUDSTORP JORGEN VIG  (CIK 0001701829)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"KNUDSTORP JORGEN VIG  (CIK 0001701829)","filingDate":"2025-03-14","adsh":"0001127602-25-009509","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001325_VALE_20250318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VALE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sell $VALE 1 day before a corporate insider (YOUNG CHARLES EDWIN  (CIK 0001687132)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VALE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VALE","filer":"YOUNG CHARLES EDWIN  (CIK 0001687132)","filingDate":"2025-03-19","adsh":"0001529628-25-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001325_PGR_20250319","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PGR 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sell $PGR 5 days before a corporate insider (Joyce Carl G  (CIK 0002057132)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Joyce Carl G  (CIK 0002057132)","filingDate":"2025-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-25-010254"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001325_D_20250318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $D 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sell $D 9 days before a corporate insider (ROMNEY RONNA  (CIK 0001206684)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"ROMNEY RONNA  (CIK 0001206684)","filingDate":"2025-03-27","adsh":"0000076282-25-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001325_JD_20250318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JD 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sell $JD 9 days before a corporate insider (Larsen Jonathan Daniel  (CIK 0001983168)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JD","filer":"Larsen Jonathan Daniel  (CIK 0001983168)","filingDate":"2025-03-27","adsh":"0001104659-25-028846"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_B001325_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P48_B001325_117906","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 6 days after a Technology hearing in Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","explanation":"Sheri Biggs sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"“Regulatory Harm or Harmonization? Examining the Opportunity to Improve the Cyber Regulatory Regime.”\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","eventId":"117906","title":"“Regulatory Harm or Harmonization? Examining the Opportunity to Improve the Cyber Regulatory Regime.”","date":"2025-03-11T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117906"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117906","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_B001325_CVX","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $CVX — CHEVRON's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Sheri Biggs executed 1 reported trade in $CVX (CHEVRON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","parent":"CHEVRON","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-18"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION","parent":"CHEVRON","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CHEVRON%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC%20-%20CHEVRON%20CORPORATION"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CHEVRON%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC%20-%20CHEVRON%20CORPORATION","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_B001325","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $30,000","explanation":"Sheri Biggs received campaign contributions totaling $30,000 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP ($5,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($5,000); HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION, A MUTUAL LEGAL RE ($5,000); NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":30000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION","ldaClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION, A MUTUAL LEGAL RESERVE COMPANY (HCSC)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_B001325_2025-03-18","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"75 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-03-18 — 75 unique tickers","explanation":"Sheri Biggs executed 75 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-03-18 to 2025-03-19), spanning 75 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-03-18","windowEnd":"2025-03-19","tradeCount":75,"uniqueTickers":75,"totalDisclosedTrades":81,"sampleTickers":["AAPL","CX","SLB","DEO","APD","SHTDY","BRK.B","GOFPY","PIAIF","CINF"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001325","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 39 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Sheri Biggs appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 39 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (14); reg rule trade proximity (5); insider front ran trade (4); insider followed trade (2); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":39,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":14},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001325","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_B001325","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheri Biggs's campaign paid $53,113 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS ($38,700)","explanation":"Sheri Biggs's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $53,113 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS ($38,700 across 2 payments, services: NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":53113.049999999996,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS","total":38700,"count":2,"descriptions":["NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GORTON BLAIR BIGGS INTL","total":14413.05,"count":2,"descriptions":["TV ADVERTISING COMMISSION"]}],"surname":"biggs"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4SC01313&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_B001325","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheri Biggs draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.0M PAC / $3.0M total)","explanation":"Sheri Biggs's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.0M of $3.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.02,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.95,"pacSharePct":34.7,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4SC01313"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4SC01313/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P178_B001325_2025-03-18","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheri Biggs — 55 trades on 2025-03-18","explanation":"Sheri Biggs disclosed 55 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-03-18). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-03-18","count":55}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_B001325","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheri Biggs — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (81/81)","explanation":"Sheri Biggs's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":81,"atBracket":81,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B001325","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheri Biggs — 78 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Sheri Biggs has traded 78 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":78,"sample":["KRSOX","ICAPITAL","IBIT","MSFT","JNJ","PGR","NOC","FIS","NSC","CMCSA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000459":[{"id":"P1_F000459_dqqwnd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY A 0d BEFORE HR 8376 — \"Latino Youth Mental Health Empowerment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded A (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 8376 \"Latino Youth Mental Health Empowerment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"A","date":"2025-01-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8376","title":"Latino Youth Mental Health Empowerment Act","introducedDate":"2025-01-28","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208376"]},{"id":"P10_F000459_kg3ewk","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $447,199 / spent $422,185","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00686402","cmteName":"NOOGA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":1100,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":14100},{"cmteId":"C00686402","cmteName":"NOOGA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":65800,"totalDisbursements":64658.7,"cashOnHand":15241.32},{"cmteId":"C00686402","cmteName":"NOOGA PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":119199.1,"totalDisbursements":120794.7,"cashOnHand":13645.75},{"cmteId":"C00686402","cmteName":"NOOGA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":150200,"totalDisbursements":139374.4,"cashOnHand":24471.34},{"cmteId":"C00686402","cmteName":"NOOGA PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":110900,"totalDisbursements":97357.4,"cashOnHand":38013.96}],"totalRaised":447199.1,"totalSpent":422185.19999999995}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_F000459_y58dd5","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $6,661,066 in itemized individual contributions, $4,319,530 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6661066,"buckets":{"$200 and under":8000,"$200.01-$499":167460,"$500-$999":540502,"$1000-$1999":1625574,"$2000 and over":4319530},"megaShare":64.8,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000459_va8xp0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$349,200 donation spike on 2023-03-16 — 21.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-16 this committee recorded $349,200 across 161 contributions — 21.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,319.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2023-03-16","amount":349200,"count":161,"baseline":16319,"ratio":21.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_vtgb2o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$171,000 donation spike on 2015-05-22 — 12.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-05-22 this committee recorded $171,000 across 151 contributions — 12.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,267.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2015-05-22","amount":171000,"count":151,"baseline":13267,"ratio":12.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_ae36ti","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$154,800 donation spike on 2025-02-19 — 14.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-19 this committee recorded $154,800 across 45 contributions — 14.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,616.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2025-02-19","amount":154800,"count":45,"baseline":10616,"ratio":14.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_9ux3et","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$142,750 donation spike on 2017-02-28 — 17.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-02-28 this committee recorded $142,750 across 78 contributions — 17.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,163.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2017-02-28","amount":142750,"count":78,"baseline":8163,"ratio":17.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_jhzayd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,600 donation spike on 2019-08-26 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-08-26 this committee recorded $87,600 across 72 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,466.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2019-08-26","amount":87600,"count":72,"baseline":9466,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_jhwr0c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,500 donation spike on 2019-04-29 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-04-29 this committee recorded $84,500 across 45 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,038.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2019-04-29","amount":84500,"count":45,"baseline":7038,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_adypw4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,000 donation spike on 2025-09-23 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-23 this committee recorded $67,000 across 31 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,046.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2025-09-23","amount":67000,"count":31,"baseline":5046,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_9uekte","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,300 donation spike on 2017-10-17 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-10-17 this committee recorded $59,300 across 41 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,044.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2017-10-17","amount":59300,"count":41,"baseline":7044,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_1xia6j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,750 donation spike on 2021-06-01 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-01 this committee recorded $58,750 across 46 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,517.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2021-06-01","amount":58750,"count":46,"baseline":8517,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P15_F000459_4tl0pf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,700 donation spike on 2018-08-14 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-08-14 this committee recorded $57,700 across 30 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,275.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461822","date":"2018-08-14","amount":57700,"count":30,"baseline":5275,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/"]},{"id":"P17_F000459_TSCO_2025-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TSCO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-02 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on TSCO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","date":"2025-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TSCO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000459","name":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-02 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000459_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNOW","date":"2024-07-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico; 2024 Red Snappe","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000459_6umgzk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann campaign paid $1,661,464 to 41 surname-matched vendors, top: FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES J","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann's campaign paid 152 disbursements totaling $1,661,464 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES J","total":696462.31,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES J","amount":120000,"date":"2022-09-30","description":"LOAN PAYMENT PURSUANT TO THE FEC V CRUZ DECISION","surnameMatched":"fleischmann","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES J","amount":100675,"date":"2016-07-08","description":"REPAYMENT IN FULL OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"fleischmann","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES J","amount":67607.55,"date":"2016-07-08","description":"REPAYMENT IN FULL OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"fleischmann","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HEBERT MEDIA LLC","total":160000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HEBERT MEDIA LLC","amount":80000,"date":"2025-10-29","description":"VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"HEBERT MEDIA LLC","amount":80000,"date":"2025-11-10","description":"VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLEISCHMANN, JAMES MR","total":158660,"count":27,"samples":[{"payee":"FLEISCHMANN, JAMES MR","amount":20752,"date":"2008-11-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fleischmann","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FLEISCHMANN, JAMES MR","amount":5603,"date":"2008-10-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fleischmann","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FLEISCHMANN, JAMES MR","amount":5603,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fleischmann","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"J. GERALD HEBERT, P.C.","total":109800,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"J. GERALD HEBERT, P.C.","amount":25000,"date":"2012-12-06","description":"LEGAL FEES RELATED TO REDISTRICTING","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"J. GERALD HEBERT, P.C.","amount":10000,"date":"2003-10-27","description":"REDISTRICTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"J. GERALD HEBERT, P.C.","amount":7600,"date":"2006-07-10","description":"REDISTRICTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HEBERT, J. GERALD","total":76666.67,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"HEBERT, J. GERALD","amount":10000,"date":"2003-10-30","description":"LEGAL RETAINER","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HEBERT, J. GERALD","amount":6666.67,"date":"2006-07-10","description":"REDISTRICTING LEGAL FEE","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"HEBERT, J. GERALD","amount":5000,"date":"2004-11-19","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HEBERT, ALEXIS","total":45690.259999999995,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"HEBERT, ALEXIS","amount":6000,"date":"2019-11-22","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HEBERT, ALEXIS","amount":6000,"date":"2019-09-30","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HEBERT, ALEXIS","amount":5000,"date":"2020-02-24","description":"RELOCATION STIPEND","surnameMatched":"hebert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FLEISCHMANN"]},{"id":"P23_F000459_19sz0","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 trades in ERTS (Other) — 35% of this member's 85 total trades","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"ERTS","count":30,"buys":14,"sells":16,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2021-01-21","lastDate":"2026-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000459","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_F000459_TSCO_20250402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSCO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann buy $TSCO 1 day before a corporate insider (Ham Margaret M  (CIK 0001989273)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Ham Margaret M  (CIK 0001989273)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0000916365-25-000081"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_F000459","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $315,258.45","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann received campaign contributions totaling $315,258.45 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REGIONS BANK ($196,258.45); RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC ($10,000); SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD EN ($10,000); GENERAL ATOMICS ($10,000); BURNS & MCDONNELL ENGINEERING COMPANY INC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":315258.44999999995,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"REGIONS BANK","ldaClient":"REGIONS BANK","donorTotal":196258.44999999995,"exact":true},{"donorName":"RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE CO.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GENERAL ATOMICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BURNS AND MCDONNELL, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"BURNS & MCDONNELL ENGINEERING COMPANY INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_F000459","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $349,200 on 2023-03-16 (21.4× normal)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann's campaign committee received 7 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $349,200 on 2023-03-16 — 21.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":7,"totalSpikeDollars":1026950,"maxRatio":21.4,"maxAmount":349200},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-03-16","amount":349200,"ratio":21.4,"baselineDaily":16319,"count":161,"cmteId":"C00461822","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461822&min_date=2023-03-16&max_date=2023-03-16"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-05-22","amount":171000,"ratio":12.9,"baselineDaily":13267,"count":151,"cmteId":"C00461822","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461822&min_date=2015-05-22&max_date=2015-05-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-02-19","amount":154800,"ratio":14.6,"baselineDaily":10616,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00461822","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461822&min_date=2025-02-19&max_date=2025-02-19"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-02-28","amount":142750,"ratio":17.5,"baselineDaily":8163,"count":78,"cmteId":"C00461822","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461822&min_date=2017-02-28&max_date=2017-02-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-04-29","amount":84500,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":7038,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00461822","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461822&min_date=2019-04-29&max_date=2019-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461822/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461822&min_date=2023-03-16&max_date=2023-03-16"]},{"id":"P78_F000459","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 21 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 21 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (10); trade near vote (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1); coordinated trade cluster (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":21,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":10},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000459","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_F000459","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann's campaign paid $606,660 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES J ($448,000)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 35 payments totaling $606,660 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES J ($448,000 across 8 payments, services: LOAN PAYMENT PURSUANT TO THE FEC V CRUZ DECISION · PAYMENT ON PRIMARY CANDIDATE LOAN). Cycles covered: 2010, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":606660,"paymentCount":35,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FLEISCHMANN, CHARLES J","total":448000,"count":8,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYMENT PURSUANT TO THE FEC V CRUZ DECISION","PAYMENT ON PRIMARY CANDIDATE LOAN"]},{"payee":"FLEISCHMANN, JAMES MR","total":158660,"count":27,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"fleischmann"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0TN03254&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P141_F000459","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann executed 16 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY ERTS (0d apart)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann has 16 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY ERTS 2022-04-25 → 2022-04-25 (0d) · SELL→BUY ERTS 2022-10-19 → 2022-10-19 (0d) · BUY→SELL ERTS 2023-01-23 → 2023-01-23 (0d) · BUY→SELL ERTS 2023-04-26 → 2023-04-26 (0d) · SELL→BUY ERTS 2024-01-26 → 2024-01-26 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":16,"samples":[{"ticker":"ERTS","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-04-25","date2":"2022-04-25","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ERTS","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-10-19","date2":"2022-10-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ERTS","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-01-23","date2":"2023-01-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ERTS","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-04-26","date2":"2023-04-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ERTS","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-01-26","date2":"2024-01-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ERTS","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-07-16","date2":"2024-07-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ERTS","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-01-28","date2":"2025-01-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ERTS","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-16","date2":"2025-04-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_F000459","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann's PAC funding concentrates 85% in Finance ($0.20M / $0.23M classified)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann's PAC donors concentrate 85% in the Finance industry — $0.20M of $0.23M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.20M · Defense $0.02M · Real Estate $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.2,"totalPacAmountM":0.23,"concentrationPct":84.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.2,"Defense":0.02,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TN03254/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_F000459","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_F000459_2025-01-28","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann — 10 trades on 2025-01-28","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-01-28). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-01-28","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_F000459","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (85/85)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":85,"atBracket":85,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_F000459","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann — 32 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann has traded 32 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":32,"sample":["ERTS","NDRE","VSEC","SPRI1","ISHC","SPOR","OSLE","PSTR","SPY","ATEST"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_F000459","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann — 8 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann disclosed 8 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":85,"noTickerTrades":8}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_F000459_ERTS","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann — 30 disclosed trades in single ticker ERTS","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Fleischmann traded ERTS on 30 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the ERTS trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"ERTS","count":30}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001243":[{"id":"P1_M001243_6ip0ol","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GS 0d BEFORE HR 4931 — \"National Park System Long-Term Lease Investment Ac…\"","explanation":"Member traded GS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 4931 \"National Park System Long-Term Lease Investment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2026-01-23","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4931","title":"National Park System Long-Term Lease Investment Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204931"]},{"id":"P1_M001243_xjblow","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GS 0d BEFORE HR 258 — \"To cancel certain proposed changes to loan level p…\"","explanation":"Member traded GS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 258 \"To cancel certain proposed changes to loan level price adjustments by the Federa\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-02-28","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 258","title":"To cancel certain proposed changes to loan level price adjustments by the Federal National Mortgage Association and cred","introducedDate":"2025-02-28","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20258"]},{"id":"P5_M001243_muhpg2","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,990,000 lobbying spike near GS trade","explanation":"GS was lobbied $1,990,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $343,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2026-01-23","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"GS","recentTotal":1990000,"baselineAvg":343333,"recordCount":5,"topClients":["GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_M001243_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$13,389,230 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $13,389,230 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 124 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":13389229.71,"oppose":0,"events":124}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_M001243_tgjk2t","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$13,061,838 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from KEYSTONE RENEWAL PAC","explanation":"KEYSTONE RENEWAL PAC spent $13,061,838 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 40 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00849489","name":"KEYSTONE RENEWAL PAC","support":13061838.14,"oppose":0,"events":40}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00849489/"]},{"id":"P6_M001243_tuuwvx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,812,650 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HONOR PENNSYLVANIA, INC.","explanation":"HONOR PENNSYLVANIA, INC. spent $4,812,650 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 24 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00798116","name":"HONOR PENNSYLVANIA, INC.","support":4812649.5600000005,"oppose":0,"events":24}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00798116/"]},{"id":"P6_M001243_x8gjw8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,371,100 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA PO","explanation":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA POLITICAL VICTORY FUND spent $1,371,100 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 32 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00053553","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA POLITICAL VICTORY FUND","support":1371100.3900000001,"oppose":0,"events":32}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00053553/"]},{"id":"P6_M001243_tic410","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$826,521 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Sentinel Action Fund","explanation":"The Sentinel Action Fund spent $826,521 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00811166","name":"The Sentinel Action Fund","support":826520.64,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00811166/"]},{"id":"P6_M001243_txns3f","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$823,593 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from USA FREEDOM FUND","explanation":"USA FREEDOM FUND spent $823,593 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00745208","name":"USA FREEDOM FUND","support":823593,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00745208/"]},{"id":"P6_M001243_uvrmxs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$566,650 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Principles Project PAC","explanation":"American Principles Project PAC spent $566,650 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00544387","name":"American Principles Project PAC","support":566650,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544387/"]},{"id":"P7_M001243_2qevih","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $86,237,047 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $86,237,047 opposing this member across 591 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":86237047.36,"totalSupport":35771965.47000001,"events":591,"topAttackers":[{"name":"WinSenate","oppose":62628294.86},{"name":"DSCC","oppose":10518407.69},{"name":"AMERICAN LEADERSHIP ACTION","oppose":5445189.76},{"name":"NRDC Action Votes","oppose":2010000},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":2002392.85}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001243_5gkcb1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,662,710 / spent $1,420,732","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00824474","cmteName":"THE AMERICAN RENEWAL PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":44853,"totalDisbursements":34361.1,"cashOnHand":10491.87},{"cmteId":"C00851998","cmteName":"PENNSYLVANIA HONOR","year":"2024","totalReceipts":716283.3,"totalDisbursements":593231.3,"cashOnHand":123051.97},{"cmteId":"C00824474","cmteName":"THE AMERICAN RENEWAL PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":4464.1,"cashOnHand":6027.8},{"cmteId":"C00851998","cmteName":"PENNSYLVANIA HONOR","year":"2026","totalReceipts":901573.3,"totalDisbursements":782647.6,"cashOnHand":241977.65},{"cmteId":"C00824474","cmteName":"THE AMERICAN RENEWAL PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":6027.8,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":1662709.6,"totalSpent":1420731.9000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001243_a83b45","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $23,668,301 in itemized individual contributions, $19,156,687 (81%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":23668301,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1199049,"$200.01-$499":1395696,"$500-$999":1499146,"$1000-$1999":2815821,"$2000 and over":19156687},"megaShare":80.9,"smallDonorShare":-5.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001243_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"101701 employees of RETIRED gave $7,050,159 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 101701× RETIRED = $7,050,159. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":101701,"total":7050159,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001243_yoilk2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$600,250 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $600,250 across 347 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $77,233.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00800623","date":"2022-03-31","amount":600250,"count":347,"baseline":77233,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00800623/"]},{"id":"P15_M001243_v1kst6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$190,321 donation spike on 2023-12-12 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-12 this committee recorded $190,321 across 71 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,500.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00851980","date":"2023-12-12","amount":190321,"count":71,"baseline":30500,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00851980/"]},{"id":"P15_M001243_gdqb79","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$136,653 donation spike on 2024-02-06 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-02-06 this committee recorded $136,653 across 120 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,711.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00851980","date":"2024-02-06","amount":136653,"count":120,"baseline":21711,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00851980/"]},{"id":"P18_M001243_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dave McCormick executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2026-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delegation of Authority to the Director of the Division of Investment Management","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-12-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Adoption of Updated EDGAR Filer Manual","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-01-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001243_lpn82z","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick campaign paid $27,303,757 to 61 surname-matched vendors, top: TERRY MCAULIFFE FOR GOVERNOR","explanation":"Dave McCormick's campaign paid 166 disbursements totaling $27,303,757 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRY MCAULIFFE FOR GOVERNOR","total":7165000,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRY MCAULIFFE FOR GOVERNOR","amount":2000000,"date":"2013-05-13","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"terry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"TERRY MCAULIFFE FOR GOVERNOR","amount":1500000,"date":"2013-08-30","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"terry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"TERRY MCAULIFFE FOR GOVERNOR","amount":1200000,"date":"2013-07-25","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"terry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","total":2777326,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":275000,"date":"2016-07-28","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":207963,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"AD PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","total":2247895.92,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","amount":2247895.92,"date":"2007-03-31","description":"ALL O/S REATTRIBUTED AS CONTRIBUTION CAM","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","total":1585457.5,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":706912.5,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"ADVERTISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":158067,"date":"2024-04-05","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":142184,"date":"2024-01-08","description":"PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","total":1227343,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":245723,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"DIXON DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":232940,"date":"2018-11-05","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"DIXON DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":167015,"date":"2018-10-08","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP","total":1219269,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP","amount":264541,"date":"2020-10-27","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP","amount":157474,"date":"2014-10-31","description":"MEDIA CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP","amount":141950,"date":"2020-03-04","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TERRY%20MCAULIFFE%20FOR%20GOVERNOR"]},{"id":"P22_M001243_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Dave McCormick cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2026-01-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","daysDiff":8,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_M001243_17pbp","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 trades in BITB (Other) — 85% of this member's 26 total trades","explanation":"Dave McCormick has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"BITB","count":22,"buys":22,"sells":0,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2025-02-25","lastDate":"2025-11-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_M001243_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"54% of PAC dollars ($5,183,517) come from Party industry","explanation":"Dave McCormick receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":5183517.259999998,"share":54.4,"totalPAC":9527045.559999999,"pacCount":12},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":5183517.259999998,"share":54.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Candidate","amount":3848398.93,"share":40.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":194598.59,"share":2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":95500,"share":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_M001243_61jmte","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"TERRY KATIE\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00887299","name":"ADVANCE THE SENATE","treasurer":"TERRY KATIE"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00883041","name":"HOVDE MCCORMICK VICTORY COMMITTEE","treasurer":"TERRY KATIE"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00852012","name":"TEAM MCCORMICK","treasurer":"TERRY KATIE"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_M001243_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MCCORMICK, David Harold voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"James D. Maxwell II, of Mississippi, to be United States District Judge for the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001243","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Dave McCormick has findings in 15 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":15,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":15,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-7147_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-7147","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-7147. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-7147","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR-7147-HR-7148.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR-7147-HR-7148.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-6359_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-6359","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-6359. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-6359","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR6359-HR6945.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR6359-HR6945.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-7006_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-7006","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-7006. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-7006","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR7006.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR7006.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-6938_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-6938","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-6938. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-6938","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR6938.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR6938.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-5184_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-5184","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-5184. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-5184","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR5184.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR5184.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-845_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-845","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-845. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-845","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR845.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR845.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-498_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-498","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-498. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-498","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR498-3492.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR498-3492.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-1366_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1366","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1366. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1366","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR1366.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR1366.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_M001243_hr-4371_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-4371","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-4371. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-4371","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR4371.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR4371.pdf"]},{"id":"P37_M001243_GS_20260123","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2026-Q1 while THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-23","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001243_GS_20250228","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2025-Q1 while THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dave McCormick executed a sell in GS during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC, GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-28","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P53_M001243_IJR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IJR — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Dave McCormick disclosed an asset position in $IJR on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IJR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IJR","assetName":"IJR - iShares Core S&P Small-Cap","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IJR","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001243_RUM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $RUM — also a disclosed holding ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000)","explanation":"Dave McCormick disclosed an asset position in $RUM on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,000,001 - $5,000,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $RUM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RUM","assetName":"RUM - Rumble Inc","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d45267e0-cd18-44d1-bbb0-89f8931034c2/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RUM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d45267e0-cd18-44d1-bbb0-89f8931034c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_M001243","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $40.2M in personal liabilities (18% leverage of assets) — 9 liability items","explanation":"Dave McCormick's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $40,207,503.5 in personal liabilities against $224,968,231 in assets — a 17.9% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $40.2M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":40207503.5,"totalAssetMid":224968231,"leverageRatio":17.9,"liabCount":9,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2019 · Joint · Mortgage · None · 2.375% (30 years) · $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 · Cenlar Ewing Township, NJ · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2019 · Self · Other (Capital Commitment) · - · 0% (on demand) · $100,001 - $250,000 · Rise of the Rest Seed Fund II Reston, VA · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"3 · 2021 · Spouse · Other (Capital Commitment) · - · 0% (On Demand) · Over $1,000,000 (asset held independently by spouse or dependent child) · Goldman Sachs Private Investments New York, NY · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"4 · 2020 · Joint · Other (Capital Commitment) · - · 0% (On Demand) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Goldman Sachs Private Investments New York, NY · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_M001243","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at David H. McCormick Revocable Trust Wilmington, DE","explanation":"Dave McCormick's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at David H. McCormick Revocable Trust Wilmington, DE (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2018 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"David H. McCormick Revocable Trust Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_M001243","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$31,875 in outside earned income — top source: CAA Los Angeles, CA ($$31,875.00)","explanation":"Dave McCormick's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $31,875 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: CAA Los Angeles, CA ($31,875.00, Commissions).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":31875,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Commissions","source":"CAA Los Angeles, CA","amount":"$31,875.00","amountNumeric":31875}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_M001243_2024","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 8 new ticker holdings in 2024 not present in prior PFD filings — including QQQ, IJR, QIWSQ, FCASH, VCMDX, VEMIX","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 8 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: QQQ, IJR, QIWSQ, FCASH, VCMDX, VEMIX, VIPIX, RUM.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2024,"count":8,"newTickers":["QQQ","IJR","QIWSQ","FCASH","VCMDX","VEMIX","VIPIX","RUM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1c08f4e7-b7cb-479b-b69b-64b5949d020c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1c08f4e7-b7cb-479b-b69b-64b5949d020c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001243","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 23 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 42 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dave McCormick appears in 23 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 42 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 23 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: sap position against trade (9); ie support concentration (7); daily donation spike (3); trade near vote (2); lobbying timeline trade (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":23,"totalFindings":42,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001243","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 20 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including FDRXX, DNL, FBT, FNX, ITB, JHSC","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 20 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FDRXX, DNL, FBT, FNX, ITB, JHSC, SKYY, XLP, XSOE, XLC, EMLP, FXR.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":20,"divestedTickers":["FDRXX","DNL","FBT","FNX","ITB","JHSC","SKYY","XLP","XSOE","XLC","EMLP","FXR"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — GS Restricted Stock Units","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: GS Restricted Stock Units.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"GS Restricted Stock Units","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dave McCormick discloses 9 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (3 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 6% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 9 opaque-value entries (3 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 6% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: David H. McCormick Fidelity Traditional IRA Account (--) · David McCormick Charitable Gift Fund (--) · David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust (--) · Fidelity David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust Investment Account (--) · Dina Powell Investments (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":9,"topBracketCount":3,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.06,"samples":[{"asset":"David H. McCormick Fidelity Traditional IRA Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"David McCormick Charitable Gift Fund","value":"--"},{"asset":"David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust Investment Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Dina Powell Investments","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P85_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dave McCormick discloses 4 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Stonebridge 2021 Access Fund LP Description : Private Equity · Stonebridge 2022 Access Fund Description : Private Equity Fu · PPS Investors Employee LP Description : Private Equity (New  · West Street Senior Credit Partners III Employee Fund Descrip.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":4,"holdings":[{"name":"Stonebridge 2021 Access Fund LP Description : Private Equity Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Stonebridge 2022 Access Fund Description : Private Equity Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"PPS Investors Employee LP Description : Private Equity (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"West Street Senior Credit Partners III Employee Fund Description : Private Equity (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick's 2025 PFD: 131 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (87% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 131 reported holdings owned by Spouse (131), Joint (0), or Dependent (0) — 87% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Dina Powell Investments · Spouse: GSLC - GS Activebeta US Largecap ETF · Spouse: BSPGX - Ishares S&P 500 Index Fund - Class G · Spouse: BTMKX - Ishares MSCI EAFE International Index Fund - Cla.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":131,"Joint":0,"Dependent":0,"Self":18},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.873,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Dina Powell Investments","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"GSLC - GS Activebeta US Largecap ETF","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"BSPGX - Ishares S&P 500 Index Fund - Class G","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"BTMKX - Ishares MSCI EAFE International Index Fund - Cla","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"SSHQX - State Street Hedged International Developed Equi","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dave McCormick's 2025 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"GSKPX","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"GS Restricted Stock Units","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick owes 2 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD AND sits on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs — top: Goldman Sachs Private","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. The senator simultaneously sits on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs — committee with direct jurisdiction over banking regulation, FDIC oversight, capital requirements, and consumer-credit law affecting the senator's named lenders. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Other (Capital Commitment) ($Over $1,000,000 (asset held independently by spouse or dependent child)) at 0% (On Demand) from Goldman Sachs Private · Other (Capital Commitment) ($$1,000,001 - $5,000,000) at 0% (On Demand) from Goldman Sachs Private.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":2,"loans":[{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Other (Capital Commitment)","rate":"0% (On Demand)","amount":"Over $1,000,000 (asset held independently by spouse or dependent child)","creditor":"Goldman Sachs Private Investments New York, NY","incurred":"2021"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Other (Capital Commitment)","rate":"0% (On Demand)","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","creditor":"Goldman Sachs Private Investments New York, NY","incurred":"2020"}],"onBankingCommittee":true,"committees":["Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P100_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick's spouse earned income from 1 finance-industry payer on 2025 PFD — senator on Banking/Finance committee — top: Goldman Sachs Group Inc.","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a major financial-services firm (investment bank, hedge fund, private equity, asset manager, or commercial bank). The senator simultaneously sits on a Senate committee with jurisdiction over the firm's regulator (SEC, OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve, or CFTC), creating direct household economic alignment on financial-regulation legislation. Spouse compensation from a regulated finance firm establishes ongoing household income dependence on the firm's profitability — every committee vote affecting capital requirements, broker-dealer rules, private-fund regulations, or merger-and-acquisition policy moves the senator's family balance sheet. Payers: Goldman Sachs Group Inc. New (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_finance","year":"2025","count":1,"onFinanceCommittee":true,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Goldman Sachs Group Inc. New York, NY","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.sec.gov/edgar"]},{"id":"P104_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick's 2025 PFD lists 4 entities bearing the surname \"McCormick\" — top: David McCormick Charitable Gift Fund","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 4 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"McCormick\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: David McCormick Charitable Gift Fund (asset) · David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty (asset) · Fidelity David H McCormick 2020 (asset) · David H. McCormick Revocable Trust (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"McCormick","count":4,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"David McCormick Charitable Gift Fund","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Fidelity David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust Investment Account","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account"},{"source":"position","entry":"David H. McCormick Revocable Trust Wilmington, DE","position":"Trustee"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P133_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $184.8M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $184.8M (asset midpoint $225.0M minus liability midpoint $40.2M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":184760728,"netWorthM":184.76,"totalAssetMid":224968231,"totalLiabMid":40207503.5,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_M001243","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick's earliest disclosed PFD (2022) shows $203.9M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Dave McCormick's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2022) shows total assets of $203.9M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 262; earned-income on first filing: $24,828,478.6.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2022","totalAssetMid":203932561.5,"assetCount":262,"earnedIncome":24828478.599999998,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fe20e540-1808-4825-92d3-ee0ac83b666c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fe20e540-1808-4825-92d3-ee0ac83b666c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_M001243","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $121M across 6 cycles","explanation":"Dave McCormick's FEC-bulk record shows $121.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 6 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":121.48,"cycleCount":6,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2PA00661"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00661/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_M001243","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 3 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL GS $1,000,001 - $5,000,000","explanation":"Dave McCormick has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 3 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL GS $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2026-01-23 · SELL GS $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2025-02-28 · SELL RUM $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2025-01-16.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":3,"lowerBoundSum":3000003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","date":"2026-01-23","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-28","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"RUM","action":"SELL","date":"2025-01-16","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P145_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: Goldman Sachs (New York,","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: Goldman Sachs (New York, NY) Type: Money Market Account (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"Goldman Sachs (New York, NY) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P148_M001243","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick's PAC funding concentrates 55% in Finance ($0.19M / $0.35M classified)","explanation":"Dave McCormick's PAC donors concentrate 55% in the Finance industry — $0.19M of $0.35M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.19M · Labor $0.09M · Agriculture $0.07M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.19,"totalPacAmountM":0.35,"concentrationPct":55,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.19,"Labor":0.09,"Agriculture":0.07}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00661/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_M001243","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick triggers 31 HIGH-severity findings across 39 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Dave McCormick accumulates 31 HIGH-severity findings across 39 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":31,"distinctDetectorTypes":39}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M001243","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dave McCormick triggers 40 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Dave McCormick accumulates findings across 40 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 40 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":40,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P5","P6","P7","P10","P11","P14","P15","P18","P19","P22","P23","P25","P27","P29","P36","P41","P37","P53","P69","P70","P71","P74","P78","P79","P81","P83","P85","P87","P88"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_M001243","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.7M combined receipts)","explanation":"Dave McCormick operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.7M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: THE AMERICAN RENEWAL PAC (C00824474) · PENNSYLVANIA HONOR (C00851998).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":1.66,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00824474","cmteName":"THE AMERICAN RENEWAL PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00851998","cmteName":"PENNSYLVANIA HONOR"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00824474/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00851998/"]},{"id":"P163_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P163_PFD_MULTIPLE_FAMILY_TRUSTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick's 2025 PFD lists 2 distinct trust entities — sophisticated estate-planning architecture","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 distinct trust holdings — family trusts, irrevocable trusts, generation-skipping trusts (GST), grantor trusts, charitable remainder/lead trusts (CRT/CLT), GRATs, GRUTs, QPRTs, or dynasty trusts. Multiple-trust portfolios indicate sophisticated estate-planning architecture: each trust serves a different tax-deferral or wealth-transfer function. Heavy trust use shifts asset disclosure away from direct ownership while still concentrating economic benefit in the senator's household. Journalists should identify each trust's beneficiaries (spouse, children, grandchildren) and trustees (named individual or financial institution) to map the actual control structure. Trust entities: David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust · Fidelity David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust Investment Acc.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_multiple_family_trusts","year":"2025","count":2,"trusts":[{"name":"David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"},{"name":"Fidelity David H McCormick 2020 Dynasty Trust Investment Account","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/abusive-trust-tax-evasion-schemes-questions-and-answers"]},{"id":"P170_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick's 2025 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: BDT & MSD PARTNERS (Salary)","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Salary from BDT & MSD PARTNERS (> $1,000) · Spouse: Board Compensation from Exxon Mobil Corporation Houston, (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"BDT & MSD PARTNERS New York, NY","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Exxon Mobil Corporation Houston, Texas","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d45267e0-cd18-44d1-bbb0-89f8931034c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d45267e0-cd18-44d1-bbb0-89f8931034c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick's 2025 PFD lists 2 new creditors not in prior year — top: Line of Credit from Fidelity Boston, MA at 6.75% (On Demand)","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 2 creditors not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Line of Credit from Fidelity Boston, MA at 6.75% (On Demand) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Other (Capital Commitment) from Telesoft 3-LP Aspen, CO at 0% (One Demand) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2024","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"6.75% (On Demand)","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","creditor":"Fidelity Boston, MA"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Capital Commitment)","rate":"0% (One Demand)","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","creditor":"Telesoft 3-LP Aspen, CO"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d45267e0-cd18-44d1-bbb0-89f8931034c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d45267e0-cd18-44d1-bbb0-89f8931034c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_PA_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"PA delegation: Dave McCormick & John Fetterman both flagged on 15 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from PA — Dave McCormick and John Fetterman — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P14, P15, P18, P19, P25, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"PA","otherSenatorBid":"F000479","otherSenatorName":"John Fetterman","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P14","P15","P18","P19","P25","P36","P53","P71","P74","P79","P87","P148","P170"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001243","https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000479"]},{"id":"P175_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave McCormick's 2025 PFD reports $40.21M in total liabilities (9 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $40.21M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 9 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 18% of total assets ($224.97M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":40.21,"totalAssetMidM":224.97,"liabCount":9,"leverageRatio":0.179,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P191_M001243_BITB","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dave McCormick — 22 disclosed trades in single ticker BITB","explanation":"Dave McCormick traded BITB on 22 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the BITB trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"BITB","count":22}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M001243_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick — 17 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Dave McCormick's 2025 Senate PFD shows 17 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":17,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0dda451-74f3-4b34-b6a9-71a8c593fbae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_M001243","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave McCormick — DW-NOMINATE 0.60 vs PA delegation mean 0.01 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Dave McCormick's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.60) is 1.7 standard deviations from the PA delegation mean (0.01). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PA","memberScore":0.6,"delegationMean":0.013452380952380962,"zscore":"1.68"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P199_M001243","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dave McCormick — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($60.7M)","explanation":"Dave McCormick is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $60.7M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":60740360,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00661/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"P000197":[{"id":"P1_P000197_asf96j","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY GOOGL 1d BEFORE HR 1101 — \"Taxpayer Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1101 \"Taxpayer Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1101","title":"Taxpayer Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-17","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201101"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_2c12ok","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 1d BEFORE HR 1101 — \"Taxpayer Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1101 \"Taxpayer Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1101","title":"Taxpayer Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-17","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201101"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_bbqc27","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AMZN 1d BEFORE HR 1101 — \"Taxpayer Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1101 \"Taxpayer Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1101","title":"Taxpayer Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-17","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201101"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_mqack2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PYPL 6d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PYPL (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2025-12-30","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_le4z6z","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GOOGL 6d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-12-30","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_le4z6z","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY GOOGL 6d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-12-30","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_kutwbb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AMZN 6d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-12-30","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_9hqzj9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AAPL 6d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-12-30","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_tuj5oy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 6d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-12-30","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_9hqzj9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 6d BEFORE HR 6367 — \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 6 days of HR 6367 \"Social Security Data Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-12-30","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6367","title":"Social Security Data Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-05","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206367"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_4ky7s5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 3435 — \"Federal Cyber Workforce Training Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 3435 \"Federal Cyber Workforce Training Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-10-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3435","title":"Federal Cyber Workforce Training Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-22","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203435"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_ob5tyc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AVGO 0d BEFORE HR 1272 — \"Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Judgment Fund Distributio…\" · sponsor D-MN","explanation":"Member traded AVGO (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1272 \"Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Peterson, Collin C. [D-MN-7].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-20","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1272","title":"Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2025-06-20","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Peterson, Collin C. [D-MN-7]","sponsorBioguide":"P000258","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MN","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201272"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_rey1w8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AMZN 0d BEFORE S 778 — \"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office o…\" · sponsor D-WV","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 0 days of S 778 \"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office of the President, the Office of\", sponsored by Sen. Rockefeller, John D., IV [D-WV].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-01-14","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 778","title":"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office of the President, the Office of National Cybersecurity Advisor.","introducedDate":"2025-01-14","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. Rockefeller, John D., IV [D-WV]","sponsorBioguide":"R000361","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"WV","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20778"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_7tsgqs","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY GOOGL 0d BEFORE S 778 — \"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office o…\" · sponsor D-WV","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 0 days of S 778 \"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office of the President, the Office of\", sponsored by Sen. Rockefeller, John D., IV [D-WV].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-01-14","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 778","title":"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office of the President, the Office of National Cybersecurity Advisor.","introducedDate":"2025-01-14","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. Rockefeller, John D., IV [D-WV]","sponsorBioguide":"R000361","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"WV","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20778"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_tp3h5p","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE S 778 — \"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office o…\" · sponsor D-WV","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of S 778 \"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office of the President, the Office of\", sponsored by Sen. Rockefeller, John D., IV [D-WV].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-01-14","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 778","title":"A bill to establish, within the Executive Office of the President, the Office of National Cybersecurity Advisor.","introducedDate":"2025-01-14","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Sen. Rockefeller, John D., IV [D-WV]","sponsorBioguide":"R000361","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"WV","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20778"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_rosttp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 2d BEFORE HR 2453 — \"To provide for a national biological data center,…\" · sponsor R-TN","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 2 days of HR 2453 \"To provide for a national biological data center, and for other purposes.\", sponsored by Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-12-31","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2453","title":"To provide for a national biological data center, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2]","sponsorBioguide":"D000533","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TN","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202453"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_4012x8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 2d BEFORE HR 2453 — \"To provide for a national biological data center,…\" · sponsor R-TN","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 2 days of HR 2453 \"To provide for a national biological data center, and for other purposes.\", sponsored by Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-12-31","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2453","title":"To provide for a national biological data center, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2]","sponsorBioguide":"D000533","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TN","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202453"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_knti0y","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY PANW 1d BEFORE HR 827 — \"Home Internet Accessibility Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PANW (Technology) within 1 days of HR 827 \"Home Internet Accessibility Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2024-12-20","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 827","title":"Home Internet Accessibility Act","introducedDate":"2024-12-21","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20827"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_bd1b2h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 1d BEFORE HR 827 — \"Home Internet Accessibility Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of HR 827 \"Home Internet Accessibility Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-12-20","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 827","title":"Home Internet Accessibility Act","introducedDate":"2024-12-21","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20827"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_ja2p70","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 3292 — \"Brownfields Broadband Deployment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 3292 \"Brownfields Broadband Deployment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-07-26","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3292","title":"Brownfields Broadband Deployment Act","introducedDate":"2024-07-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203292"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_l1n4cj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 3292 — \"Brownfields Broadband Deployment Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 3292 \"Brownfields Broadband Deployment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-07-26","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3292","title":"Brownfields Broadband Deployment Act","introducedDate":"2024-07-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203292"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_m13ryn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 7841 — \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7841 \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-06-26","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7841","title":"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-06-26","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207841"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_834un0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL TSLA 2d BEFORE HR 7841 — \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TSLA (Technology) within 2 days of HR 7841 \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2024-06-24","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7841","title":"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-06-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207841"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_sbbu57","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AVGO 2d BEFORE HR 7841 — \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AVGO (Technology) within 2 days of HR 7841 \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2024-06-24","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7841","title":"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-06-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207841"]},{"id":"P1_P000197_ldf6z4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NFLX 3d BEFORE S 3206 — \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastruct…\"","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 3 days of S 3206 \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2022-12-30","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3206","title":"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that impose new information reporting requ","introducedDate":"2023-01-02","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203206"]},{"id":"P5_P000197_i2bfs3","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$140,000 lobbying spike near VST trade","explanation":"VST was lobbied $140,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $63,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VST","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"VST","recentTotal":140000,"baselineAvg":63333,"recordCount":2,"topClients":["VISTRA ENERGY (FKA ENERGY FUTURE HOLDINGS)","VISTRA ENERGY CORP (FORMERLY ENERGY FUTURE HOLDINGS)"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_P000197_tuxmv6","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,080,000 lobbying spike near AAPL trade","explanation":"AAPL was lobbied $3,080,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $1,076,667/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-10-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"AAPL","recentTotal":3080000,"baselineAvg":1076667,"recordCount":8,"topClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","WILMERHALE ON BEHALF OF APPLE INC."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P7_P000197_lzc0v8","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $714,108 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $714,108 opposing this member across 77 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":714108.2300000001,"totalSupport":500,"events":77,"topAttackers":[{"name":"VIGOP (VIRGIN ISLANDS REPUBLICAN PARTY)","oppose":349844.23000000004},{"name":"ARIZONANS FOR AFFORDABLE ELECTRICITY","oppose":241764},{"name":"POLICE OFFICERS DEFENSE ALLIANCE LLC","oppose":50000},{"name":"DRAIN THE DC SWAMP PAC","oppose":36666.66},{"name":"SEAL PAC SUPPORTING ELECTING AMERICAN LEADERS PAC","oppose":13333.34}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_P000197_1qa0ie","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$396,280 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $396,280 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":6551.16,"oppose":402831.64,"net":-396280.48000000004,"events":36,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":396902.71,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":3840,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":0,"oppose":3403.59,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":639.17,"oppose":2525.34,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":631.9399999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_P000197_7hflck","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $46,715,353 / spent $39,360,380","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00344234","cmteName":"PAC TO THE FUTURE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":1214015.4,"totalDisbursements":1119893.6,"cashOnHand":160397.07},{"cmteId":"C00344234","cmteName":"PAC TO THE FUTURE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":1111596.9,"totalDisbursements":1075810,"cashOnHand":196183.9},{"cmteId":"C00344234","cmteName":"PAC TO THE FUTURE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":1229800,"totalDisbursements":864312.9,"cashOnHand":561670.96},{"cmteId":"C00344234","cmteName":"PAC TO THE FUTURE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1102638.2,"totalDisbursements":1058238.5,"cashOnHand":606070.6},{"cmteId":"C00344234","cmteName":"PAC TO THE FUTURE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":1449388.9,"totalDisbursements":1220935.7,"cashOnHand":834523.81}],"totalRaised":46715353.3,"totalSpent":39360379.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_P000197_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"130073 employees of N/A gave $6,297,038 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 130073× N/A = $6,297,038. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":130073,"total":6297038,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000197_AVGO_2024-06-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-06-24 and 2024-07-01, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2024-06-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2024-06-24 to 2024-07-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000197_AVGO_2025-06-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-17 and 2025-06-20, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"}],"span":"2025-06-17 to 2025-06-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000197_AVGO_2025-06-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-20 and 2025-06-25, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2025-06-20 to 2025-06-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000197_WBD_2022-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-08 and 2022-04-12, 5 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-08 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000197_WBD_2022-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-11 and 2022-04-12, 4 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-11 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000197_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Nancy Pelosi executed 92 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2026-01-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-01-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-01-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2025-12-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Military Readiness Activ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-12-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Military Readiness Activ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-12-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000197_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Nancy Pelosi executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2022-01-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2020-06-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Bank Secrecy Act Regulations-Reports of Foreign Financial Accounts Civil Penalties","agency":"Treasury Department, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network","date":"2021-12-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Director, Shareholder, and Member Meetings","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency","date":"2020-05-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_P000197_4xb2dx","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"30 trades in AAPL (Technology) — 17% of this member's 173 total trades","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AAPL","count":30,"buys":15,"sells":15,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2016-01-13","lastDate":"2025-12-30"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NVDA","count":15,"buys":11,"sells":4,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2021-06-03","lastDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000197","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":57,"highSeverityCount":41,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_P000197_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+18 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi accumulated 43 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 18 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 9 HIGH · 9 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":18,"totalRaw":43,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":9,"MEDIUM":9,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000197"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hconres-68_GOOGL_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-68","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-68. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-68","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-H.Con_.Res-68.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-H.Con_.Res-68.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hconres-68_AMZN_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-68","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-68. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-68","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-H.Con_.Res-68.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-H.Con_.Res-68.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_sjres-98_GOOGL_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-98","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-98. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-98","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR98.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR98.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_sjres-98_AMZN_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-98","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-98. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-98","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR98.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR98.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hr-504_GOOGL_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-504","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-504. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-504","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR504.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR504.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hr-504_AMZN_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-504","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-504. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-504","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR504.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR504.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hr-131_GOOGL_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-131","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-131. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-131","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR131.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR131.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hr-131_AMZN_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-131","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-131. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-131","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR131.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HR131.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_sjres-82_GOOGL_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-82","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-82. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-82","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR82.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR82.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_sjres-82_AMZN_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-82","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-82. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-82","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR82.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-SJR82.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hconres-64_GOOGL_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-64","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-64. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-64","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-64.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-64.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hconres-64_AMZN_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-64","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-64. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-64","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-64.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-64.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hconres-61_GOOGL_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of GOOGL within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-61","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-61. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-61","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-61.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-61.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hconres-61_AMZN_20260116","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-61","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-61. The trade direction (buy) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_opposes\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-61","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-61.pdf","yearMonth":"2026-01","position":"strongly_opposes"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/SAP-HConRes-61.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hr-3668_AMZN_20251224","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-3668","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-3668. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-3668","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SAP-HR3668-HR3638.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-12","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SAP-HR3668-HR3638.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_P000197_hr-3898_AMZN_20251224","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of AMZN within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-3898","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in AMZN within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-3898. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-3898","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SAP-HR3898.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-12","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/SAP-HR3898.pdf"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_GOOGL_20260116","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2026-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20260116","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2026-Q1 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in NVDA during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AMZN_20260116","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2026-Q1 while AMAZON.COM had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN during 2026-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-16","quarter":"2026-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2026-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_GOOGL_20251230","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in GOOGL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_GOOGL_20251230","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2025-Q4 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES L.L.C."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AMZN_20251230","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2025-Q4 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AAPL_20251230","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20251230","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2025-Q4 while NVIDIA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in NVDA during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA, NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA","NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AAPL_20251230","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AMZN_20251224","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2025-Q4 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in AMZN during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-24","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AAPL_20251224","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-24","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20251224","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2025-Q4 while NVIDIA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in NVDA during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA, NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-24","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA","NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AAPL_20251022","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-22","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AMZN_20250114","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2025-Q1 while AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in AMZN during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC, AMAZON WEB SERVICES). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-14","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON.COM"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_GOOGL_20250114","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2025-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in GOOGL during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-14","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20250114","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2025-Q1 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in NVDA during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-14","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_AAPL_20241231","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2024-Q4 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in AAPL during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-31","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20241231","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2024-Q4 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in NVDA during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-31","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20241220","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2024-Q4 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in NVDA during 2024-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-20","quarter":"2024-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20240726","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2024-Q3 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in NVDA during 2024-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-26","quarter":"2024-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q3","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_MSFT_20240726","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-26","quarter":"2024-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_V_20240701","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2024-Q2 while VISA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in V during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA, INC., VISA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-01","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["VISA, INC.","VISA","VISA INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20240626","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2024-Q2 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in NVDA during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-26","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_TSLA_20240624","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2024-Q2 while TESLA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a sell in TSLA during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA INC, TESLA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-24","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["TESLA INC","TESLA","TESLA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_NVDA_20231122","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2023-Q4 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed a buy in NVDA during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-22","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P38_P000197_Technology_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology PACs gave $43K in 2020 — 3.8× baseline — after 11-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed 11 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $43,164 — 3.8× the member's all-cycle baseline of $11,371/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":11},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Technology","amount":43164,"baseline":11371,"ratio":"3.8"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_P000197_Technology_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology PACs gave $81K in 2022 — 6.7× baseline — after 18-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed 18 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $80,824 — 6.7× the member's all-cycle baseline of $12,136/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":18},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Technology","amount":80824,"baseline":12136,"ratio":"6.7"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_P000197_Technology_2022","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology PACs gave $39K in 2024 — 1.6× baseline — after 29-trade concentration in 2022","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi executed 29 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2022 cycle. In the following cycle (2024), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $38,574 — 1.6× the member's all-cycle baseline of $24,540/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2022","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":29},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2024,"sector":"Technology","amount":38574,"baseline":24540,"ratio":"1.6"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_P000197_DIS_20251230","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $DIS 1 day after a corporate insider (Coleman Sonia L  (CIK 0001969984)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Coleman Sonia L  (CIK 0001969984)","filingDate":"2025-12-29","adsh":"0001628280-25-058990","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_TSLA_20201222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-12-21","adsh":"0001771364-20-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_NVDA_20210603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001045810-21-000068","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_V_20200508","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $V 2 days after a corporate insider (Polaris Venture Management Co. V, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001439589)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Polaris Venture Management Co. V, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001439589)","filingDate":"2020-05-06","adsh":"0000899243-20-012168","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_FB_20200508","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $FB 2 days after a corporate insider (CARPENTER WILLIAM F III  (CIK 0001189136)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"CARPENTER WILLIAM F III  (CIK 0001189136)","filingDate":"2020-05-06","adsh":"0001649749-20-000120","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_AVGO_20250620","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $AVGO 2 days after a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2025-06-18","adsh":"0001730168-25-000072","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_CRM_20200618","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $CRM 3 days after a corporate insider (Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)","filingDate":"2020-06-15","adsh":"0001127602-20-019615","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_FB_20200807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $FB 3 days after a corporate insider (Edmondson Travis K  (CIK 0001811032)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Edmondson Travis K  (CIK 0001811032)","filingDate":"2020-08-04","adsh":"0001649749-20-000147","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_AAPL_20230317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AAPL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $AAPL 3 days after a corporate insider (GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)","filingDate":"2023-03-14","adsh":"0000320193-23-000032","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000197_CRM_20211220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $CRM 4 days after a corporate insider (Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)","filingDate":"2021-12-16","adsh":"0001127602-21-031156","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_WBD_20220411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WBD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $WBD 1 day before a corporate insider (Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)","filingDate":"2022-04-12","adsh":"0001437107-22-000081"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_DIS_20201222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DIS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $DIS 1 day before a corporate insider (WOODFORD BRENT  (CIK 0001211698)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"WOODFORD BRENT  (CIK 0001211698)","filingDate":"2020-12-23","adsh":"0001744489-20-000258"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_GOOGL_20251230","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-12-31","adsh":"0001193125-25-338435"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_GOOGL_20250114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-01-15","adsh":"0000950170-25-005957"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_AVGO_20240624","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $AVGO 1 day before a corporate insider (TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)","filingDate":"2024-06-25","adsh":"0001730168-24-000088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_MU_20211221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MU 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $MU 2 days before a corporate insider (Deboer Scott J  (CIK 0001568238)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"Deboer Scott J  (CIK 0001568238)","filingDate":"2021-12-23","adsh":"0001562180-21-007874"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_AAPL_20230508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $AAPL 2 days before a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2023-05-10","adsh":"0000320193-23-000066"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_RBLX_20221228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RBLX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $RBLX 2 days before a corporate insider (Nam Hodong  (CIK 0001836648)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBLX","filer":"Nam Hodong  (CIK 0001836648)","filingDate":"2022-12-30","adsh":"0001209191-22-063034"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_AAPL_20200508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $AAPL 4 days before a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2020-05-12","adsh":"0000320193-20-000056"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_V_20200508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $V 5 days before a corporate insider (CORTEC GROUP GP, LLC  (CIK 0001803535)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"CORTEC GROUP GP, LLC  (CIK 0001803535)","filingDate":"2020-05-13","adsh":"0001104659-20-060891"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_MSFT_20200228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $MSFT 5 days before a corporate insider (Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001626431-20-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_NVDA_20240626","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $NVDA 5 days before a corporate insider (BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001045810-24-000197"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_NVDA_20210603","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $NVDA 5 days before a corporate insider (SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)","filingDate":"2021-06-08","adsh":"0001045810-21-000093"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_NFLX_20221230","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NFLX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $NFLX 5 days before a corporate insider (Sweeney Anne M  (CIK 0001638276)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFLX","filer":"Sweeney Anne M  (CIK 0001638276)","filingDate":"2023-01-04","adsh":"0001065280-23-000023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_DIS_20251230","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $DIS 6 days before a corporate insider (GORMAN JAMES P  (CIK 0001182328)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"GORMAN JAMES P  (CIK 0001182328)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0001628280-26-000269"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_NVDA_20231122","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $NVDA 6 days before a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2023-11-28","adsh":"0001045810-23-000235"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_PYPL_20251230","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $PYPL 6 days before a corporate insider (LORES ENRIQUE  (CIK 0001656242)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"LORES ENRIQUE  (CIK 0001656242)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0001633917-26-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_NVDA_20220916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $NVDA 7 days before a corporate insider (Teter Tim  (CIK 0001696841)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Teter Tim  (CIK 0001696841)","filingDate":"2022-09-23","adsh":"0001696841-22-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_AAPL_20230317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $AAPL 7 days before a corporate insider (WILLIAMS JEFFREY E  (CIK 0001496686)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"WILLIAMS JEFFREY E  (CIK 0001496686)","filingDate":"2023-03-24","adsh":"0000320193-23-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_AXP_20200624","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AXP 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $AXP 8 days before a corporate insider (VASELLA DANIEL  (CIK 0001189152)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"VASELLA DANIEL  (CIK 0001189152)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-020815"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_MSFT_20220524","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)","filingDate":"2022-06-01","adsh":"0001062993-22-014001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_TSLA_20201222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $TSLA 8 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-12-30","adsh":"0001790565-20-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_PYPL_20221228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $PYPL 8 days before a corporate insider (Johnson Belinda J.  (CIK 0001694150)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Johnson Belinda J.  (CIK 0001694150)","filingDate":"2023-01-05","adsh":"0001633917-23-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_TSLA_20221220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi sell $TSLA 9 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2022-12-29","adsh":"0001790565-22-000017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_RBLX_20211220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RBLX 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi buy $RBLX 9 days before a corporate insider (Messing Barbara  (CIK 0001615151)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBLX","filer":"Messing Barbara  (CIK 0001615151)","filingDate":"2021-12-29","adsh":"0001315098-21-000087"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000197_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi accumulated 26 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_P000197_2018-01-20_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AAPL 13 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi delivered a 1901-word floor speech on 2018-01-20 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding and for her leadership. I also thank all of the members of the Rules Committee for the time that they put in bringing rules to the floor that relate t…\"). The member buy $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 13 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-01-20","chamber":"House","wordCount":1901,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding and for her leadership. I also thank all of the members of the Rules Committee for the time that they put in bringing rules to the floor that relate t","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/01/20/CREC-2018-01-20-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-02-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/01/20/CREC-2018-01-20-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_P000197","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_P000197","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 187 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 187 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (89); trade near vote (26); insider front ran trade (26); sap position against trade (16); insider followed trade (10).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":187,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":89},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","count":16},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":5},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000197","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_P000197","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nancy Pelosi named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($73.3M total receipts) — top: NANCY PELOSI VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $73.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: NANCY PELOSI VICTORY FUND (C00492421, $73.3M receipts, treasurer ROBERT E MOOK). Active years: 8, first seen 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":73.32,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00492421","name":"NANCY PELOSI VICTORY FUND","receipts":73315921,"treasurer":"ROBERT E MOOK","activeYears":8,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492421/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492421/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00492421/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_P000197","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $30.8M across 40 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi's FEC-bulk record shows $30.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 40 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $189.6M (PAC: $30.8M, individual: $146.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":30.78,"lifetimeReceiptsM":189.63,"lifetimeIndividualM":146.83,"cycleCount":40,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8CA05035"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA05035/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_P000197","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $190M across 40 cycles","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi's FEC-bulk record shows $189.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 40 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":189.63,"cycleCount":40,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8CA05035"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA05035/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_P000197","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi disclosed 142 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 110 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY GOOGL $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi has filed 142 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 110 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY GOOGL $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2026-01-16 · BUY VST $100,001 - $250,000 on 2026-01-16 · BUY AB $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2026-01-16 · BUY NVDA $250,001 - $500,000 on 2026-01-16.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":142,"veryHighCount":110,"lowerBoundSum":80400142,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"VST","action":"BUY","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AB","action":"BUY","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","date":"2026-01-16","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-12-30","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_P000197","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi executed 11 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY GOOGL (0d apart)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi has 11 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY GOOGL 2025-12-30 → 2025-12-30 (0d) · BUY→SELL NVDA 2024-12-20 → 2024-12-31 (11d) · SELL→BUY NVDA 2024-12-31 → 2025-01-14 (14d) · SELL→BUY NVDA 2025-12-24 → 2025-12-30 (6d) · BUY→SELL AMZN 2020-01-16 → 2020-01-16 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":11,"samples":[{"ticker":"GOOGL","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-12-30","date2":"2025-12-30","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-12-20","date2":"2024-12-31","amount1":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-12-31","date2":"2025-01-14","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-12-24","date2":"2025-12-30","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-16","date2":"2020-01-16","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-12-24","date2":"2025-12-30","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-01-19","date2":"2017-01-20","amount1":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":22,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-12-30","date2":"2022-01-21","amount1":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_P000197","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_P000197","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi triggers 62 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi accumulates 62 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":62,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_P000197","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi operates leadership PAC with $46.7M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: PAC TO THE FUTURE","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $46.7M and disbursements of $39.4M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: PAC TO THE FUTURE (C00344234). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":46.72,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":39.36,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00344234","cmteName":"PAC TO THE FUTURE"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00344234/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_P000197","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi's leadership PAC disbursed $39.4M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi's leadership PAC disbursed $39.4M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: PAC TO THE FUTURE (C00344234).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":39.36,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00344234","cmteName":"PAC TO THE FUTURE"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00344234/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P158_P000197","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nancy Pelosi ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,075 cosponsored, 199 sponsored","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi's congress.gov record shows 5,075 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5075,"sponsoredCount":199,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/nancy-pelosi/P000197","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P180_P000197","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nancy Pelosi — 43 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi has traded 43 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":43,"sample":["GOOGL","VST","AB","NVDA","TEM","AMZN","VSNT","PYPL","AAPL","DIS"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000197_ForthereliefofMariaC","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nancy Pelosi sponsored \"For the relief of Maria Carmen Castro Ramirez and J. Refugio\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Maria Carmen Castro Ramirez and J. Refugio Carreno Rojas."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_P000197_AAPL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi — 30 disclosed trades in single ticker AAPL","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi traded AAPL on 30 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AAPL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AAPL","count":30}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_P000197","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nancy Pelosi — 4 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi has traded 4 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":4,"tickers":["RBLX","CRWD","WORK","SQ"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_P000197","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Pelosi — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($94.8M)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $94.8M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":94814798,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA05035/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P37_P000197_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+64 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Nancy Pelosi accumulated 89 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 64 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 64 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":64,"totalRaw":89,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":64,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000197"]}],"P000595":[{"id":"P1_P000595_1iku8j","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL INTC 0d BEFORE HR 2828 — \"VA DATA Access Transparency and Accountability Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 0 days of HR 2828 \"VA DATA Access Transparency and Accountability Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-12-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2828","title":"VA DATA Access Transparency and Accountability Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-12-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202828"]},{"id":"P3_P000595_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Healthcare bills while net-buying Healthcare stocks","explanation":"On 4 Healthcare bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Healthcare stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Healthcare","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","buys":5,"sells":0,"netBuy":5,"total":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_P000595_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,464,390 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Black PAC","explanation":"Black PAC spent $3,464,390 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"Black PAC","support":3464389.96,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P6_P000595_uuldh9","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,430,245 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from MI Planned Parenthood Votes","explanation":"MI Planned Parenthood Votes spent $1,430,245 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 38 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00568931","name":"MI Planned Parenthood Votes","support":1430245.1800000004,"oppose":0,"events":38}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568931/"]},{"id":"P6_P000595_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,065,274 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $1,065,274 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1065274.12,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_P000595_d03wai","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$868,741 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from League of Conservation Voters, Inc.","explanation":"League of Conservation Voters, Inc. spent $868,741 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90005786","name":"League of Conservation Voters, Inc.","support":868741.11,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90005786/"]},{"id":"P6_P000595_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$816,777 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Family Friendly Action PAC","explanation":"Family Friendly Action PAC spent $816,777 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"Family Friendly Action PAC","support":816776.77,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P6_P000595_tvfa74","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$736,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ALL FOR OUR COUNTRY","explanation":"ALL FOR OUR COUNTRY spent $736,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00787432","name":"ALL FOR OUR COUNTRY","support":736500,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00787432/"]},{"id":"P6_P000595_uupa7x","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$580,141 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Morning in America PAC","explanation":"Morning in America PAC spent $580,141 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00562595","name":"Morning in America PAC","support":580141,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00562595/"]},{"id":"P6_P000595_uule9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$578,540 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Conservation Voters of Michigan PAC - Fe","explanation":"Conservation Voters of Michigan PAC - Federal Account spent $578,540 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00568816","name":"Conservation Voters of Michigan PAC - Federal Account","support":578539.9,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568816/"]},{"id":"P7_P000595_rn38f4","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $59,156,924 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $59,156,924 opposing this member across 6195 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":59156924.129999995,"totalSupport":15448241.189999728,"events":6195,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":17485534.01},{"name":"BETTER FUTURE MI FUND","oppose":11176924},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":10380067.360000001},{"name":"Ending Spending Action Fund","oppose":5465679.07},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":3188429.2799999993}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_P000595_io460v","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$166,370 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $166,370 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":166370.31,"events":2,"byYear":{"2010":166370.31},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001762","name":"MICHIGAN CREDIT UNION LEAGUE","total":103870.31,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001887","name":"MICHIGAN CITIZENS FOR FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY","total":62500,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_P000595_ywrig9","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$637,473 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $637,473 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":637472.9500000001,"oppose":0,"net":637472.9500000001,"events":228,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":125958.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":120339.49999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":102938.03,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":68079.91,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":57933.81,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_P000595_jlaj3l","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,705,510 / spent $3,632,808","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00507574","cmteName":"MOTOR CITY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":99733.2,"totalDisbursements":82432.8,"cashOnHand":17300.41},{"cmteId":"C00507574","cmteName":"MOTOR CITY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":341811.2,"totalDisbursements":204325.4,"cashOnHand":154786.27},{"cmteId":"C00507574","cmteName":"MOTOR CITY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":675271.7,"totalDisbursements":618153.1,"cashOnHand":275751.25},{"cmteId":"C00507574","cmteName":"MOTOR CITY PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":827700,"totalDisbursements":681760,"cashOnHand":421691.21},{"cmteId":"C00821918","cmteName":"SECURING AMERICAS MIGHT SAM PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":5000,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":4705509.800000001,"totalSpent":3632808.1999999997}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_P000595_ktl6yu","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $386,030 in itemized individual contributions, $322,550 (84%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":386030,"buckets":{"$200 and under":260,"$200.01-$499":1250,"$500-$999":9220,"$1000-$1999":52750,"$2000 and over":322550},"megaShare":83.6,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000595_MDT_2015-01-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought MDT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-21 and 2015-01-27, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on MDT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2015-01-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MDT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2015-01-21 to 2015-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000595_MDT_2015-01-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought MDT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-27 and 2015-01-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on MDT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2015-01-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MDT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2015-01-27 to 2015-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000595_GE_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-11-05, 4 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-10-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"H001041","name":"Dean Heller"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000595_O_2023-03-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought O within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-14 and 2023-03-15, 3 members (RealEstate sector) took the same direction on O. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"O","date":"2023-03-14","action":"BUY","sector":"RealEstate","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"O","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001218","name":"Rich McCormick"}],"span":"2023-03-14 to 2023-03-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000595_CAG_2025-11-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CAG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-11-10 and 2025-11-14, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on CAG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAG","date":"2025-11-10","action":"BUY","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"}],"span":"2025-11-10 to 2025-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000595_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gary Peters executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2022-01-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revisions to the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2025-11-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of the Authorized Restricted Tow Times in Lieu of Turtle Excluder Devices for an Additional 30 Days by Shrimp ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-12-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000595_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gary Peters executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IVZ","date":"2024-10-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2023-03-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating Provisions Related to Blocking and Other Actions Related to Specific Property or Interests in Property","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2024-09-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Determination Regarding Excepted Foreign States","agency":"Treasury Department, Investment Security Office","date":"2023-02-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000595_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gary Peters executed 4 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2024-05-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2023-12-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2021-01-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2020-12-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Indexing Methodology for Title I Manufactured Home Loan Limits; Correction","agency":"Housing and Urban Development Department","date":"2024-04-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Fireworks Displays Within the Fifth Coast Guard District","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2023-11-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000595_wh43yf","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Peters campaign paid $27,367,983 to 38 surname-matched vendors, top: SMITH, THOMAS","explanation":"Gary Peters's campaign paid 149 disbursements totaling $27,367,983 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH, THOMAS","total":16549581.65,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":10000000,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":4225000,"date":"2012-05-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":1200000,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","total":3000000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-11-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2006-06-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-06-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETERS, SCOTT H","total":2500000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"PETERS, SCOTT H","amount":750000,"date":"2012-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"peters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETERS, SCOTT H","amount":500000,"date":"2012-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"peters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETERS, SCOTT H","amount":350000,"date":"2012-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"peters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH, SANDY","total":1042000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH, SANDY","amount":250000,"date":"2023-10-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SMITH, SANDY","amount":150000,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SMITH, SANDY","amount":100000,"date":"2021-07-19","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CINDY HYDE-SMITH FOR US SENATE","total":405085.22,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CINDY HYDE-SMITH FOR US SENATE","amount":243646.22,"date":"2025-06-20","description":"NET DISTRIBUTION OF JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CINDY HYDE-SMITH FOR US SENATE","amount":82000,"date":"2026-03-23","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CINDY HYDE-SMITH FOR US SENATE","amount":79439,"date":"2018-06-27","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH & LISS LLC","total":352231.3,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH & LISS LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2020-11-25","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SMITH & LISS LLC","amount":102231.3,"date":"2021-02-01","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SMITH"]},{"id":"P29_P000595_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PETERS, Gary C. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_P000595_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $15,448,241 supporting member — 1.9× their own $8,119,244 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.9×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":15448241.189999728,"events":6195},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":8119244},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.9},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"BETTER FUTURE MI FUND","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000595","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"Gary Peters has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_P000595_FSK_20210827","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FSK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters buy $FSK 1 day after a corporate insider (Gerson Brian  (CIK 0001577159)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FSK","filer":"Gerson Brian  (CIK 0001577159)","filingDate":"2021-08-26","adsh":"0001387131-21-008982","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000595_STAG_20210115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $STAG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters buy $STAG 4 days after a corporate insider (MARR CHRISTOPHER P  (CIK 0001185498)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STAG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STAG","filer":"MARR CHRISTOPHER P  (CIK 0001185498)","filingDate":"2021-01-11","adsh":"0001179110-21-000507","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000595_TFC_20230314","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TFC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters buy $TFC 5 days after a corporate insider (Wilson Donta L  (CIK 0001681329)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TFC","filer":"Wilson Donta L  (CIK 0001681329)","filingDate":"2023-03-09","adsh":"0001664272-23-000207","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000595_IBM_20220103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $IBM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters buy $IBM 1 day before a corporate insider (ESKEW MICHAEL L  (CIK 0001227734)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBM","filer":"ESKEW MICHAEL L  (CIK 0001227734)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001562180-22-000128"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000595_IVZ_20241017","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IVZ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters sell $IVZ 1 day before a corporate insider (JOHNSTON SHANNON A  (CIK 0002007897)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IVZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IVZ","filer":"JOHNSTON SHANNON A  (CIK 0002007897)","filingDate":"2024-10-18","adsh":"0002007897-24-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000595_SOLV_20240514","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SOLV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters sell $SOLV 1 day before a corporate insider (ALBAN CARLOS  (CIK 0001474632)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SOLV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SOLV","filer":"ALBAN CARLOS  (CIK 0001474632)","filingDate":"2024-05-15","adsh":"0001127602-24-015492"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000595_TFC_20230314","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TFC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters buy $TFC 3 days before a corporate insider (Maguire Michael Baron  (CIK 0001789902)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TFC","filer":"Maguire Michael Baron  (CIK 0001789902)","filingDate":"2023-03-17","adsh":"0001664272-23-000249"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000595_STAG_20210115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $STAG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters buy $STAG 4 days before a corporate insider (Dilley Michelle  (CIK 0001733535)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STAG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STAG","filer":"Dilley Michelle  (CIK 0001733535)","filingDate":"2021-01-19","adsh":"0001179110-21-000674"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000595_D_20231228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $D 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters sell $D 8 days before a corporate insider (Schafer Jerry  (CIK 0001772352)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Schafer Jerry  (CIK 0001772352)","filingDate":"2024-01-05","adsh":"0001140361-24-000960"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000595_JNPR_20210607","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JNPR 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gary Peters buy $JNPR 9 days before a corporate insider (rahim rami  (CIK 0001560849)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNPR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNPR","filer":"rahim rami  (CIK 0001560849)","filingDate":"2021-06-16","adsh":"0001043604-21-000110"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_INTC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $INTC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $INTC on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $INTC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"INTC","assetName":"INTC - Intel Corporation (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"INTC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-12"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_BXMT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $BXMT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $BXMT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $BXMT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BXMT","assetName":"BXMT - Blackstone Mortgage Trust, Inc. 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Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EMR","assetName":"EMR - Emerson Electric Co. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EMR","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-04-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_GM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $GM — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $GM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $GM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GM","assetName":"GM - General Motors Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GM","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_MPW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MPW — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $MPW on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MPW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MPW","assetName":"MPW - Medical Properties Trust Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MPW","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_SLB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $SLB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $SLB on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $SLB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SLB","assetName":"SLB - Schlumberger Limited (NYSE) Filer comment: Sold on May 14, 2024.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SLB","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_WPC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $WPC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $WPC on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $WPC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WPC","assetName":"WPC - W. P. Carey Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WPC","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_QCOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $QCOM — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $QCOM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $QCOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"QCOM","assetName":"QCOM - QUALCOMM Incorporated (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"QCOM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-04-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_STAG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $STAG — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $STAG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $STAG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"STAG","assetName":"STAG - STAG Industrial, Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"STAG","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-06-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_AEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $AEP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $AEP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AEP","assetName":"AEP - American Electric Power Company, Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AEP","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_OTIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $OTIS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $OTIS on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $OTIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"OTIS","assetName":"OTIS - Otis Worldwide Corporation Filer comment: Sold on July 17, 2024.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"OTIS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_FSK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $FSK — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $FSK on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $FSK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FSK","assetName":"FSK - FS KKR Capital Corp. Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FSK","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_VPU","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $VPU — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $VPU on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VPU per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VPU","assetName":"VPU - Vanguard Utilities ETF","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VPU","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_IBM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IBM — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $IBM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IBM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IBM","assetName":"IBM - International Business Machines Corporat","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IBM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_IFF","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $IFF — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $IFF on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $IFF per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IFF","assetName":"IFF - International Flavors & Fragrances Filer comment: Sold on May 14, 2024.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IFF","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_ABBV","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ABBV — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $ABBV on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ABBV per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ABBV","assetName":"ABBV - AbbVie Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ABBV","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_CCL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CCL — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $CCL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CCL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CCL","assetName":"CCL - Carnival Corporation (NYSE) Filer comment: Sold on May 14, 2024.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CCL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_CAG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $CAG — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $CAG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $CAG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CAG","assetName":"CAG - ConAgra Foods, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CAG","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_GIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $GIS — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $GIS on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GIS","assetName":"GIS - General Mills, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9adef51e-91a1-467f-a89a-f9279fe51b5d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GIS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-11-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9adef51e-91a1-467f-a89a-f9279fe51b5d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_OFC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $OFC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $OFC on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $OFC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"OFC","assetName":"OFC - Corporate Office Properties Trust","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825f36b7-2087-486d-809a-3a3c9deb473f/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"OFC","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825f36b7-2087-486d-809a-3a3c9deb473f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_SLY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $SLY — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $SLY on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $SLY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SLY","assetName":"SLY - SPDR S&P 600 Small Cap ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825f36b7-2087-486d-809a-3a3c9deb473f/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SLY","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-05-11"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825f36b7-2087-486d-809a-3a3c9deb473f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_LEG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $LEG — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $LEG on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $LEG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LEG","assetName":"LEG - Leggett & Platt, Incorporated (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825f36b7-2087-486d-809a-3a3c9deb473f/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LEG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825f36b7-2087-486d-809a-3a3c9deb473f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_MDT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MDT — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $MDT on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MDT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MDT","assetName":"MDT - Medtronic plc (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd60f263-da50-43b2-b823-f4f842c46766/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MDT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd60f263-da50-43b2-b823-f4f842c46766/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CVS — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Health Corporation","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3f05beb9-3a06-4d31-8d76-40aa9b1c4fa2/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-11-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-10-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3f05beb9-3a06-4d31-8d76-40aa9b1c4fa2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_SPG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $SPG — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters disclosed an asset position in $SPG on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $SPG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SPG","assetName":"SPG - Simon Property Group, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3f05beb9-3a06-4d31-8d76-40aa9b1c4fa2/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SPG","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-12-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3f05beb9-3a06-4d31-8d76-40aa9b1c4fa2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_P000595_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 4 Healthcare stocks (JNJ, ABT, MDT, CVS)","explanation":"Gary Peters discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (JNJ, ABT, MDT, CVS) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ","ABT","MDT","CVS"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_P000595_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (RTX)","explanation":"Gary Peters discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (RTX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["RTX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_P000595_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (SLB)","explanation":"Gary Peters discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (SLB) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["SLB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_P000595","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$637K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 20% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Gary Peters received $637,472.95 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($125,958.27 = 20%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":637472.9500000001,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":82417.24,"2012":25855.45,"2014":492823.5100000001,"2018":211.71,"2020":41308.04,"2022":2096.08},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":125958.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":120339.49999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004262/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":102938.03,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":68079.91,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":57933.81,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_P000595","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,000","explanation":"Gary Peters received campaign contributions totaling $90,000 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($10,000); NATIONAL POSTAL MAIL HANDLERS UNION ($5,000); CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC. ($5,000); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($5,000); WITH HONOR ACTION, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":90000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL POSTAL MAIL HANDLERS UNION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL POSTAL MAIL HANDLERS UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC PAC","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WITH HONOR PAC","ldaClient":"WITH HONOR ACTION, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_P000595","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 108 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Gary Peters's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 108 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): PESPX, VFIAX, NYSE, INTC, JNJ, JWN, UPS, CDP, BXMT, CSCO, CLX, EMR, OCSL, GM, MPW, … (93 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":108,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["PESPX","VFIAX","NYSE","INTC","JNJ","JWN","UPS","CDP","BXMT","CSCO","CLX","EMR","OCSL","GM","MPW","SLB","WPC","IGR","SDY","MDY","SPY","QCOM","STAG","SPSM","AEP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_P000595_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Gary Peters's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Healthcare stocks — JNJ — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2015). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/79a3342c-7fba-4945-807e-784fdb6261de/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/79a3342c-7fba-4945-807e-784fdb6261de/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P67_P000595_Technology","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 4 Technology bills AND holds 5 Technology stocks (INTC, CSCO, QCOM, IBM, MSFT)","explanation":"Gary Peters has sponsored 4 bills affecting the Technology sector AND simultaneously holds 5 publicly-traded Technology stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (INTC, CSCO, QCOM, IBM, MSFT). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: HR 3246 (2026-03-24), HR 1367 (2025-12-05), HRES 330 (2025-04-07), HR 1027 (2025-08-12).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Technology","count":4,"sample":[{"key":"111_HR_3246","title":"Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2026-03-24","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3246"},{"key":"112_HR_1367","title":"Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1367"},{"key":"112_HRES_330","title":"Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require that legislation and conference report","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/330"},{"key":"113_HR_1027","title":"Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2013","introducedDate":"2025-08-12","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1027"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Technology","tickers":["INTC","CSCO","QCOM","IBM","MSFT"],"totalCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_P000595","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Other (Board Member) at Detroit Economic Growth Corporation Detroit, MI","explanation":"Gary Peters's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2015) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Board Member) at Detroit Economic Growth Corporation Detroit, MI (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2015","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2013 to Dec 2014","role":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"Detroit Economic Growth Corporation Detroit, MI","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/79a3342c-7fba-4945-807e-784fdb6261de/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/79a3342c-7fba-4945-807e-784fdb6261de/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_P000595","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$73,050 in outside earned income — top source: Michigan Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI ($$63,528.00)","explanation":"Gary Peters's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $73,050 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Michigan Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI ($63,528.00, Pension); Metropolitan Life Insurance Co Lexington, KY ($9,522.00, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":73050,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"Michigan Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI","amount":"$63,528.00","amountNumeric":63528},{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"Metropolitan Life Insurance Co Lexington, KY","amount":"$9,522.00","amountNumeric":9522}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_P000595_2022","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 6 new ticker holdings in 2022 not present in prior PFD filings — including OCSL, FSK, ONL, WDIV, VPU, BRW","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 6 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: OCSL, FSK, ONL, WDIV, VPU, BRW.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2022,"count":6,"newTickers":["OCSL","FSK","ONL","WDIV","VPU","BRW"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b688337-19f8-475c-b88f-9c43fc27b616/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b688337-19f8-475c-b88f-9c43fc27b616/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_P000595","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: India","explanation":"Gary Peters's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — India. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: India → State Bank India IL US (New York, NY) Type: Certificate of Deposit ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":1,"countries":["India"],"byCountry":{"India":[{"assetName":"State Bank India IL US (New York, NY) Type: Certificate of Deposit","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_P000595","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 27 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 87 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Gary Peters appears in 27 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 87 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 27 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (38); ie support concentration (8); insider front ran trade (7); coordinated trade cluster (5); reg rule trade proximity (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":27,"totalFindings":87,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":38},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":8},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000595","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_P000595_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 21 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including FTFEX, RERCX, FDTFX, UBS, AIVSX, FSFR","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 21 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FTFEX, RERCX, FDTFX, UBS, AIVSX, FSFR, NEE, NUE, SWK, UNP, CSQ, CVS.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":21,"divestedTickers":["FTFEX","RERCX","FDTFX","UBS","AIVSX","FSFR","NEE","NUE","SWK","UNP","CSQ","CVS"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/495c5010-6eec-407b-90b6-5cac36097d3a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/495c5010-6eec-407b-90b6-5cac36097d3a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters discloses 9 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 9 unascertainable, 6% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 9 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 9 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 6% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Michigan Education Savings Program/ AGP Institution: TIAA-CREF (--) · Community Foundation for SE Michigan MPP (--) · Community Foundation for SE MI 403(B) Plan Company: Wells Fargo (New York, NY) Description: Communit (--) · State of Michigan 401(k) Plan Company: Voya (New York, NY) Description: State of Michigan (--) · State of Michigan 457 Plan Company: Voya (New York, NY) Description: State of Michigan (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":9,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":9,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.06,"samples":[{"asset":"Michigan Education Savings Program/ AGP Institution: TIAA-CREF","value":"--"},{"asset":"Community Foundation for SE Michigan MPP","value":"--"},{"asset":"Community Foundation for SE MI 403(B) Plan Company: Wells Fargo (New York, NY) Description: Communit","value":"--"},{"asset":"State of Michigan 401(k) Plan Company: Voya (New York, NY) Description: State of Michigan","value":"--"},{"asset":"State of Michigan 457 Plan Company: Voya (New York, NY) Description: State of Michigan","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters discloses 3 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: IGR - CBRE Global Real Estate (NYSE) · Alexandria Real Estate 2.75% Matures 12/15/2029 Rate/Coupon: · ONL - Orion Office REIT Inc. Common Stock.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":3,"properties":[{"name":"IGR - CBRE Global Real Estate (NYSE)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Alexandria Real Estate 2.75% Matures 12/15/2029 Rate/Coupon: 2.75% Matures: 12/15/2029","type":"Corporate Securities Corporate Bond","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"ONL - Orion Office REIT Inc. Common Stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters's 2025 PFD: 28 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (19% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 28 reported holdings owned by Spouse (25), Joint (3), or Dependent (0) — 19% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Community Foundation for SE Michigan MPP · Spouse: Goldman Sachs Fs Government Fst · Spouse: T Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Adv · Spouse: Community Foundation for SE MI 403(B) Plan Company: Wells Fargo (New York, NY) D.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":25,"Joint":3,"Dependent":0,"Self":121},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.187,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Community Foundation for SE Michigan MPP","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Goldman Sachs Fs Government Fst","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"T Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Adv","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Community Foundation for SE MI 403(B) Plan Company: Wells Fargo (New York, NY) D","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"RERCX-American Funds Europacific Growth R3 (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_P000595","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Peters's campaign paid $2,603,317 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: PETERS, SCOTT H ($2,500,000)","explanation":"Gary Peters's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 12 payments totaling $2,603,317 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: PETERS, SCOTT H ($2,500,000 across 9 payments, services: LOAN FORGIVEN · PORTION OF LOAN FORGIVEN). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2603317,"paymentCount":12,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"PETERS, SCOTT H","total":2500000,"count":9,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN","PORTION OF LOAN FORGIVEN"]},{"payee":"PETERS CONSULTING","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"PETERS, ALI","total":27097,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: PHOTOGRAPHY"]},{"payee":"PETERS FOR MICHIGAN","total":26220,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARKS- PETERS"]}],"surname":"peters"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8MI09068&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_P000595","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 90 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Gary Peters has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 90 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":90,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0ccd9152-4738-427f-b25e-fb839a0c2829/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0ccd9152-4738-427f-b25e-fb839a0c2829/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P106_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Peters holds 17 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — GM ($31.8M), QCOM ($11.3M), JNJ ($10.9M)","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 17 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $119.6M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: GM ($31.8M, 62 filings) · QCOM ($11.3M, 38 filings) · JNJ ($10.9M, 58 filings) · BMY ($10.7M, 26 filings) · INTC ($8.5M, 25 filings) · ABBV ($7.3M, 35 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":17,"totalLobbyAcrossM":119.59,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GM","totalLobby":31820000,"recordCount":62,"topClient":"GENERAL MOTORS"},{"ticker":"QCOM","totalLobby":11250000,"recordCount":38,"topClient":"PAUL WEISS RIFKIND WHARTON & GARRISON LLP ON BEHALF OF QUALCOMM INCORPORATED"},{"ticker":"JNJ","totalLobby":10940000,"recordCount":58,"topClient":"JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC."},{"ticker":"BMY","totalLobby":10740000,"recordCount":26,"topClient":"BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB"},{"ticker":"INTC","totalLobby":8475000,"recordCount":25,"topClient":"INTEL CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"ABBV","totalLobby":7350000,"recordCount":35,"topClient":"ABBVIE INC."},{"ticker":"UPS","totalLobby":7340000,"recordCount":32,"topClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE"},{"ticker":"ABT","totalLobby":5602496,"recordCount":25,"topClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters holds 3 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — QCOM (9,962), INTC (9,381), BAC (2,063)","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 21,406 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: QCOM (9,962 patents) · INTC (9,381 patents) · BAC (2,063 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"totalPatents":21406,"holdings":[{"ticker":"QCOM","patentCount":9962,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"INTC","patentCount":9381,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BAC","patentCount":2063,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters holds 5 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $61M) — top: IBM ($21.8M), GM ($15.2M), UPS ($13.0M)","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $61M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: IBM ($21.8M, 7 contracts, Federal Communications Commission) · GM ($15.2M, 324 contracts, General Services Administration) · UPS ($13.0M, 59 contracts, Department of Justice) · ABT ($8.2M, 12 contracts, Department of Veterans Affairs) · RTX ($2.6M, 3 contracts, Department of Transportation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":5,"totalContractValueM":60.75,"holdings":[{"ticker":"IBM","total":21811577.12,"count":7,"agencies":["Federal Communications Commission","Department of Justice","Department of the Treasury"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"GM","total":15159506,"count":324,"agencies":["General Services Administration"],"latestDate":"2026-04-14"},{"ticker":"UPS","total":13007559.979999997,"count":59,"agencies":["Department of Justice","Department of Veterans Affairs","Social Security Administration"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"ABT","total":8209969.99,"count":12,"agencies":["Department of Veterans Affairs"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"RTX","total":2558117.42,"count":3,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P111_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P111_SPONSORED_SECTOR_BILL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters sponsored sector-aligned bills × holds matching PFD tickers in 1 sector — top: tech (3 bills, INTC, CSCO, QCOM)","explanation":"Gary Peters has sponsored ≥3 bills in 1 non-generic sector AND simultaneously holds ≥3 stock tickers per their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure that map to the same sector. The sector-aligned-sponsorship + sector-aligned-portfolio combination is a clean conflict signal — every bill the senator pushes that affects these sectors moves their personal balance sheet through stock-price effects. Bill classification uses the Officium AI taxonomy (tax / finance / healthcare / pharma / defense / energy / transportation / tech / crypto / housing / agriculture); ticker-to-sector mapping uses the ~150-company classification we use across the platform. Aligned sectors: tech (sponsored 3 bills · holds INTC, CSCO, QCOM, IBM).","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_sector_holding","year":"2025","alignedCount":1,"aligned":[{"kind":"tech","sponsoredCount":3,"sector":"Technology","tickers":["INTC","CSCO","QCOM","IBM"]}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/member/gary-peters/P000595"]},{"id":"P115_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — RTX","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: RTX ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"RTX","asset":"RTX - Raytheon Technologies Corporation","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 2 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — INTC, QCOM","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: INTC ($1,001 - $15,000) · QCOM ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"INTC","asset":"INTC - Intel Corporation (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"QCOM","asset":"QCOM - QUALCOMM Incorporated (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P117_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 1 agribusiness ticker on 2025 PFD — CAG","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 agribusiness stock holding — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: CAG ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CAG","asset":"CAG - ConAgra Foods, Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — ALL","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: ALL ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ALL","asset":"ALL - The Allstate Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2025 PFD — T","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: T ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"T","asset":"T - AT&T, Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 2 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — BK, BAC","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: BK ($15,001 - $50,000) · BAC ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BK","asset":"BK - The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BAC","asset":"BAC - Bank of America Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P121_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P121_PFD_AUTO_HOLDING_NHTSA","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 2 auto-industry tickers on 2025 PFD — F, GM","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major auto manufacturers, EV makers, or auto suppliers (Tesla TSLA, GM, Ford F, Stellantis STLA, Rivian RIVN, Lucid LCID, plus suppliers like Mobileye MBLY, Aptiv APTV, Magna MGA, BorgWarner BWA). The Inflation Reduction Act EV tax credit ($7,500/vehicle subject to sourcing rules) is a directly portfolio-relevant policy lever; NHTSA recall enforcement and CAFE rule-making move auto-stock prices materially. Holdings: F ($1,001 - $15,000) · GM ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_auto_nhtsa","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"F","asset":"F - Ford Motor Co. (NYSE)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GM","asset":"GM - General Motors Company (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAutoCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.nhtsa.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 1 oil/gas ticker on 2025 PFD — SLB","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: SLB (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"SLB","asset":"SLB - Schlumberger Limited (NYSE) Filer comment: Sold on May 14, 2024.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 3 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — JNJ, ABBV, BMY","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: JNJ ($15,001 - $50,000) · ABBV ($50,001 - $100,000) · BMY ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ABBV","asset":"ABBV - AbbVie Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","asset":"BMY - Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P126_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 4 publicly-traded REIT tickers on 2025 PFD — WPC, STAG, O, EGP","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holdings — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: WPC ($1,001 - $15,000) · STAG ($15,001 - $50,000) · O ($15,001 - $50,000) · EGP ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"WPC","asset":"WPC - W. P. Carey Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"STAG","asset":"STAG - STAG Industrial, Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"O","asset":"O - Realty Income Corporation Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"EGP","asset":"EGP - EastGroup Properties Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters holds 1 asset-manager / PE-firm ticker on 2025 PFD — BK","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: BK ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BK","asset":"BK - The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters's 2025 PFD lists 59 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 59 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): PESPX, VFIAX, NYSE, INTC, JNJ, JWN, UPS, CDP, BXMT, CSCO.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":59,"sampleTickers":["PESPX","VFIAX","NYSE","INTC","JNJ","JWN","UPS","CDP","BXMT","CSCO","CLX","EMR","OCSL","GM","MPW","SLB","WPC","IGR","SDY","MDY","SPY","QCOM","STAG","SPSM","AEP","CARR","OTIS","RTX","FSK","ONL"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_P000595","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.0M PAC / $16.2M total)","explanation":"Gary Peters's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.0M of $16.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.24,"pacSharePct":37.2,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H8MI09068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MI09068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_P000595","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Peters's PAC funding concentrates 52% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"Gary Peters's PAC donors concentrate 52% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Energy $0.01M · Finance $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":52,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Energy":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MI09068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_P000595","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 52 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Gary Peters accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 52 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":52}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_P000595","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Peters triggers 53 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Gary Peters accumulates findings across 53 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 53 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":53,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P11","P17","P18","P19","P29","P31","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P58","P61","P63","P64","P67","P70","P71","P74","P77","P78","P79","P83"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_P000595","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($4.7M combined receipts)","explanation":"Gary Peters operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $4.7M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: MOTOR CITY PAC (C00507574) · SECURING AMERICAS MIGHT SAM PAC (C00821918).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.71,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00507574","cmteName":"MOTOR CITY PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00821918","cmteName":"SECURING AMERICAS MIGHT SAM PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00507574/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00821918/"]},{"id":"P157_P000595","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 866 sponsored, 3,510 cosponsored","explanation":"Gary Peters's congress.gov record shows 866 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":866,"cosponsoredCount":3510,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/gary-c.-peters/P000595","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters's 2025 PFD includes 4 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: T Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Adv · T Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Adv · T Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Adv · SSgA Target Retirement 2025.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"asset":"T Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Adv","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"T Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Adv","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"T Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Adv","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"SSgA Target Retirement 2025","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P165_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P165_PFD_PROFESSIONAL_LICENSURE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters's 2025 PFD reports 1 licensed-professional income source — top: Meaningful Impact Consulting LLC","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2) reports 1 income source from licensed-professional practice — law firm partnership / of-counsel role, medical practice, dental practice, accounting / CPA firm, engineering practice, or named consulting LLC. Professional-licensure income is distinct from corporate salary: (a) it typically requires active state-bar / medical-board licensure that the senator must maintain alongside Senate duties, and (b) it often reflects ongoing client relationships that continue from pre-Senate practice. Journalists should check whether the licensed practice has clients with matters before the senator's committee — particularly for law firms representing federally-regulated industries. Sources: Spouse: Member Draw from Meaningful Impact Consulting LLC (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_professional_licensure","year":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Member Draw","payer":"Meaningful Impact Consulting LLC Bloomfield Twp, MI","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P167_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $7.1M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $7.1M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":7109033.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_MI_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MI delegation: Gary Peters & Elissa Slotkin both flagged on 14 shared detector types (7 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MI — Gary Peters and Elissa Slotkin — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 7 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P19, P29, P31, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MI","juniorSenatorBid":"S001208","juniorSenatorName":"Elissa Slotkin","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":7,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P19","P29","P31","P36","P58","P70","P93","P106","P108","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000595","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001208"]},{"id":"P179_P000595","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (84/84)","explanation":"Gary Peters's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":84,"atBracket":84,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_P000595","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters — 60 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Gary Peters has traded 60 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":60,"sample":["WPC","SWK","VZ","INTC","CAG","OGN","LEG","LW","IVZ","OTIS"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000595_AdvancedVehicleTechn","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Peters sponsored \"Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gary Peters has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_P000595_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Peters — 61 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Gary Peters's 2025 Senate PFD shows 61 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":61,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2657875-8c06-48fd-914e-e32930731d32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_P000595_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+13 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Gary Peters accumulated 38 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 13 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 13 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":13,"totalRaw":38,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":13}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000595"]}],"G000591":[{"id":"P1_G000591_lbs0s6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MS 4d after SRES 539 — \"A resolution directing the Architect of the Capito…\"","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 4 days of SRES 539 \"A resolution directing the Architect of the Capitol to obtain and place a memori\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2022-12-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 539","title":"A resolution directing the Architect of the Capitol to obtain and place a memorial plaque for the United States Capitol ","introducedDate":"2022-12-17","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20539"]},{"id":"P3_G000591_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 3 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":5,"sells":3,"netBuy":2,"total":8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_G000591_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":5,"sells":0,"netBuy":5,"total":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000591_ANET_2023-11-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ANET within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-11-01 and 2023-11-01, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on ANET. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2023-11-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ANET","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"}],"span":"2023-11-01 to 2023-11-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000591_WBD_2022-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-08 and 2022-04-12, 5 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-08 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000591_WBD_2022-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-11 and 2022-04-12, 4 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-11 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000591_WBD_2022-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-11 and 2022-04-12, 3 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"}],"span":"2022-04-11 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000591_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael Guest executed 13 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2024-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-02-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2023-11-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2024 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-10-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2024 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-10-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000591_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael Guest executed 3 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-01-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Nomenclature Change for Dockets Management; Technical Amendment","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Nomenclature Change for Dockets Management; Technical Amendment","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-07-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000591_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael Guest executed 8 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Safran Helicopter Engines, S.A. (Type Certificate Previously Held by Turbomeca, S.A.) Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-07-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Safran Helicopter Engines, S.A. (Type Certificate Previously Held by Turbomeca, S.A.) Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-07-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000591_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael Guest executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Debt Collection Procedures","agency":"Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board","date":"2023-07-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000591_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael Guest executed 5 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2023-08-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2023-06-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2022-12-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Hostages and Wrongful Detention Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-07-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Hostages and Wrongful Detention Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-07-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000591_kgzk1","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Guest campaign paid $843,521 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: BEST GUEST MEDIA","explanation":"Michael Guest's campaign paid 140 disbursements totaling $843,521 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEST GUEST MEDIA","total":237500,"count":27,"samples":[{"payee":"BEST GUEST MEDIA","amount":25000,"date":"2018-05-08","description":"PRODUCTION BOLD TV, RITA COSBY INTERVIEW","surnameMatched":"guest","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BEST GUEST MEDIA","amount":10000,"date":"2023-01-31","description":"PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"guest","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BEST GUEST MEDIA","amount":10000,"date":"2023-01-05","description":"PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"guest","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BREAZEALE, SAUNDERS & O'NEIL, LTD","total":107758.09000000003,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"BREAZEALE, SAUNDERS & O'NEIL, LTD","amount":19903.75,"date":"2020-12-15","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BREAZEALE, SAUNDERS & O'NEIL, LTD","amount":15246.02,"date":"2021-08-26","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES- ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BREAZEALE, SAUNDERS & O'NEIL, LTD","amount":9908.94,"date":"2019-11-12","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BREAZEALE, BONNIE","total":89290.19000000002,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"BREAZEALE, BONNIE","amount":4515.03,"date":"2004-05-14","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BREAZEALE, BONNIE","amount":4156.06,"date":"2004-09-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BREAZEALE, BONNIE","amount":4156.06,"date":"2004-08-16","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE GUEST HOUSE OF MILWAUKEE INC.","total":75000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE GUEST HOUSE OF MILWAUKEE INC.","amount":75000,"date":"2025-05-29","description":"501(C)(3) CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"guest","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BREAZEALE SAUNDERS & O'NEIL, LTD","total":40585.45,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"BREAZEALE SAUNDERS & O'NEIL, LTD","amount":6653.5,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BREAZEALE SAUNDERS & O'NEIL, LTD","amount":4511.25,"date":"2018-06-15","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BREAZEALE SAUNDERS & O'NEIL, LTD","amount":3041.75,"date":"2018-05-17","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"breazeale","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GUEST, MICHAEL PATRICK","total":38774.24,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GUEST, MICHAEL PATRICK","amount":19168.66,"date":"2020-03-20","description":"LOAN PAYMENT - FINAL PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"guest","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GUEST, MICHAEL PATRICK","amount":9081.34,"date":"2019-03-30","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"guest","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GUEST, MICHAEL PATRICK","amount":5488.14,"date":"2018-07-31","description":"TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"guest","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BEST%20GUEST%20MEDIA"]},{"id":"P21_G000591_Energy","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Energy BUYs filed 56d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Energy (5 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":8,"avgGap":56,"buys":5,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":39,"avgGap":28}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000591","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Michael Guest has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_G000591_CHRD_20230804","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHRD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $CHRD 1 day after a corporate insider (Kinney Shannon Browning  (CIK 0001987164)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHRD","filer":"Kinney Shannon Browning  (CIK 0001987164)","filingDate":"2023-08-03","adsh":"0001209191-23-044525","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000591_T_20200221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $T 2 days after a corporate insider (Maguire Michael Baron  (CIK 0001789902)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Maguire Michael Baron  (CIK 0001789902)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001223203-20-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000591_MCD_20230807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MCD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $MCD 3 days after a corporate insider (Engelbert Catherine M.  (CIK 0001796439)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Engelbert Catherine M.  (CIK 0001796439)","filingDate":"2023-08-04","adsh":"0000063908-23-000078","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000591_AMZN_20241108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2024-11-05","adsh":"0001018724-24-000167","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000591_MPWR_20251020","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MPWR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $MPWR 3 days after a corporate insider (Tseng Saria  (CIK 0001312593)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPWR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPWR","filer":"Tseng Saria  (CIK 0001312593)","filingDate":"2025-10-17","adsh":"0001214659-25-015041","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000591_UBER_20231113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UBER 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $UBER 4 days after a corporate insider (Chai Nelson  (CIK 0001299914)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Chai Nelson  (CIK 0001299914)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0001562180-23-007622","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000591_TSLA_20230807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $TSLA 4 days after a corporate insider (Zhu Xiaotong  (CIK 0001972928)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Zhu Xiaotong  (CIK 0001972928)","filingDate":"2023-08-03","adsh":"0001972928-23-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000591_CHRD_20260109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CHRD 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest sell $CHRD 4 days after a corporate insider (Brown Daniel E  (CIK 0001705952)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHRD","filer":"Brown Daniel E  (CIK 0001705952)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0001705952-26-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_TSCO_20230807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSCO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $TSCO 1 day before a corporate insider (Kersey Melissa  (CIK 0001819248)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Kersey Melissa  (CIK 0001819248)","filingDate":"2023-08-08","adsh":"0000916365-23-000093"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_WBD_20220411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WBD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $WBD 1 day before a corporate insider (Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)","filingDate":"2022-04-12","adsh":"0001437107-22-000081"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_TSLA_20230807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2023-08-08","adsh":"0001771340-23-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_AMZN_20230807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2023-08-08","adsh":"0001104659-23-088925"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_KMI_20230801","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KMI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest sell $KMI 1 day before a corporate insider (Sanders Dax  (CIK 0001572979)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMI","filer":"Sanders Dax  (CIK 0001572979)","filingDate":"2023-08-02","adsh":"0001506307-23-000105"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_WBD_20230801","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WBD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest sell $WBD 3 days before a corporate insider (Perrette Jean-Briac  (CIK 0001600595)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Perrette Jean-Briac  (CIK 0001600595)","filingDate":"2023-08-04","adsh":"0001437107-23-000146"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_MCD_20230807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $MCD 3 days before a corporate insider (Gross Marion K.  (CIK 0001942810)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Gross Marion K.  (CIK 0001942810)","filingDate":"2023-08-10","adsh":"0000063908-23-000080"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_UBER_20231113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $UBER 3 days before a corporate insider (Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)","filingDate":"2023-11-16","adsh":"0001562180-23-007735"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_CHRD_20230804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHRD 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $CHRD 4 days before a corporate insider (Rimer Charles J.  (CIK 0001575480)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHRD","filer":"Rimer Charles J.  (CIK 0001575480)","filingDate":"2023-08-08","adsh":"0001209191-23-045019"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_T_20200221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $T 6 days before a corporate insider (Donahue Paul D  (CIK 0001409902)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Donahue Paul D  (CIK 0001409902)","filingDate":"2020-02-27","adsh":"0001225208-20-003702"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_KMI_20230111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KMI 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest sell $KMI 8 days before a corporate insider (MARTIN THOMAS A  (CIK 0001477237)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMI","filer":"MARTIN THOMAS A  (CIK 0001477237)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0001506307-23-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_GD_20230807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GD 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $GD 8 days before a corporate insider (Deep Danny  (CIK 0001807873)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"Deep Danny  (CIK 0001807873)","filingDate":"2023-08-15","adsh":"0001209191-23-045810"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_MEDP_20231113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MEDP 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $MEDP 9 days before a corporate insider (Medpace Investors, LLC  (CIK 0001524599)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MEDP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MEDP","filer":"Medpace Investors, LLC  (CIK 0001524599)","filingDate":"2023-11-22","adsh":"0000892251-23-000187"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_VLO_20230807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VLO 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $VLO 9 days before a corporate insider (Gorder Joseph W  (CIK 0001350220)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VLO","filer":"Gorder Joseph W  (CIK 0001350220)","filingDate":"2023-08-16","adsh":"0001035002-23-000104"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_T_20230801","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest sell $T 10 days before a corporate insider (RANKIN JAMES T  (CIK 0001247954)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"RANKIN JAMES T  (CIK 0001247954)","filingDate":"2023-08-11","adsh":"0001127602-23-022401"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000591_NEE_20230807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NEE 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael Guest buy $NEE 10 days before a corporate insider (HACHIGIAN KIRK S  (CIK 0001210484)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"HACHIGIAN KIRK S  (CIK 0001210484)","filingDate":"2023-08-17","adsh":"0001062993-23-016693"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_G000591_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Michael Guest sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_G000591_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Michael Guest sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P48_G000591_116802","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 13 days after a Technology hearing in Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","explanation":"Michael Guest sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection, which on 2024-02-06 held a hearing titled \"\"Securing Operational Technology: A Deep Dive into the Water Sector\"\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $NVDA (a Technology-sector stock) 13 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","eventId":"116802","title":"\"Securing Operational Technology: A Deep Dive into the Water Sector\"","date":"2024-02-06T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116802"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116802","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000591_334643","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GD 10 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Appropriations","explanation":"Michael Guest sits on Senate Appropriations, which on 2023-07-27 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to markup and original bill entitled, \"Defense Appropriations Act\", an original bill entitled \"Interior, Environment, and R…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 10 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations","eventId":"334643","title":"Business meeting to markup and original bill entitled, \"Defense Appropriations Act\", an original bill entitled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act\", an original bill entitled, \"Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act\", and an original bill entitled, \"Homeland Security Appropriations Act\".","date":"2023-07-27T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334643"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334643","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000591_334560","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $KMI 11 days after a Energy hearing in Senate Appropriations","explanation":"Michael Guest sits on Senate Appropriations, which on 2023-07-20 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to markup an original bill entitled, ¿Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act¿, an original bill entitled, ¿State, …\" — classified as Energy sector. The member sell $KMI (a Energy-sector stock) 11 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Appropriations","eventId":"334560","title":"Business meeting to markup an original bill entitled, ¿Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act¿, an original bill entitled, ¿State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act¿, and an original bill entitled, ¿Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act\".","date":"2023-07-20T14:45:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334560"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334560","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000591_2023-07-26_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GD 12 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Michael Guest delivered a 271-word floor speech on 2023-07-26 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I rise today in support of H.R. 4366, the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Re- lated Agencies Appropriations Act for FY 2024. I am proud that this legislation fully funds progra…\"). The member buy $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-07-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":271,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I rise today in support of H.R. 4366, the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Re- lated Agencies Appropriations Act for FY 2024. I am proud that this legislation fully funds progra","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/07/26/169/129/CREC-2023-07-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/07/26/169/129/CREC-2023-07-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_G000591","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $60,000","explanation":"Michael Guest received campaign contributions totaling $60,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); BALCH & BINGHAM ($5,000); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":60000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BALCH AND BINGHAM LLP FEDERAL POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"BALCH & BINGHAM","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION PAC (AAHOA PAC)","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_G000591_2023-08-01","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"33 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-08-01 — 33 unique tickers","explanation":"Michael Guest executed 33 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-08-01 to 2023-08-07), spanning 33 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-08-01","windowEnd":"2023-08-07","tradeCount":33,"uniqueTickers":33,"totalDisclosedTrades":65,"sampleTickers":["784532JF1","T","914476PV2","WBD","605699PU5","506120KP8","KMI","CHRD","AMZN","JNJ"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000591","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 47 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Michael Guest appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 47 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (16); insider followed trade (8); reg rule trade proximity (5); coordinated trade cluster (4); hearing proximity trade (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":47,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":16},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":2},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000591","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000591","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Guest's campaign paid $342,571 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: BEST GUEST MEDIA ($237,500)","explanation":"Michael Guest's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 35 payments totaling $342,571 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BEST GUEST MEDIA ($237,500 across 27 payments, services: PRODUCTION BOLD TV, RITA COSBY INTERVIEW · PLACED MEDIA · PR SERVICES; PART OF INVOICE OWED TO PAC MS. SEE TRANS ID#: SD10.4114). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":342570.8,"paymentCount":35,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BEST GUEST MEDIA","total":237500,"count":27,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION BOLD TV, RITA COSBY INTERVIEW","PLACED MEDIA","PR SERVICES; PART OF INVOICE OWED TO PAC MS. SEE TRANS ID#: SD10.4114"]},{"payee":"DOUBLETREE GUEST SUITES TIMES SQUARE","total":21171.55,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONVENTION EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"JIM GUEST FOR UNITED STATES SENATE","total":17500,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED"]},{"payee":"THE GUEST HOUSE AT GRACELAND","total":17000,"count":1,"descriptions":["VENUE RENTAL"]},{"payee":"GUEST AND GRAY","total":15734.84,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEES"]}],"surname":"guest"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8MS03125&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_G000591","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Guest draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.3M PAC / $9.7M total)","explanation":"Michael Guest's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.3M of $9.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.33,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.66,"pacSharePct":44.8,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8MS03125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MS03125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_G000591","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Guest triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Michael Guest accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_G000591_2023-08-07","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Guest — 25 trades on 2023-08-07","explanation":"Michael Guest disclosed 25 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-08-07). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-08-07","count":25}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_G000591","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Guest — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (65/65)","explanation":"Michael Guest's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":65,"atBracket":65,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000591","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Guest — 50 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Michael Guest has traded 50 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":50,"sample":["EVVTY","CHRD","OTCM","DT","MPWR","TSLA","AMZN","MNDY","NVDA","ULTA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_G000591","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Guest — 5 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Michael Guest disclosed 5 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":65,"noTickerTrades":5}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_G000591","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Guest — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Michael Guest has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["UBER","ABNB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"H001072":[{"id":"P1_H001072_rvmxw9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL PFE 8d BEFORE S 652 — \"Protecting Patients from Deceptive Drug Ads Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PFE (Pharma) within 8 days of S 652 \"Protecting Patients from Deceptive Drug Ads Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-12-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 652","title":"Protecting Patients from Deceptive Drug Ads Act","introducedDate":"2026-01-08","daysDiff":-8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20652"]},{"id":"P1_H001072_rz8ox2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL RF 0d BEFORE HR 918 — \"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded RF (Finance) within 0 days of HR 918 \"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RF","date":"2025-06-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 918","title":"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20918"]},{"id":"P1_H001072_igup5x","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL INTC 0d BEFORE HR 1495 — \"Digital Economy Cybersecurity Advisory Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1495 \"Digital Economy Cybersecurity Advisory Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-06-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1495","title":"Digital Economy Cybersecurity Advisory Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201495"]},{"id":"P1_H001072_k3fgk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL BX 0d BEFORE HR 918 — \"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded BX (Finance) within 0 days of HR 918 \"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2025-06-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 918","title":"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20918"]},{"id":"P1_H001072_o7dou2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL WFC 0d BEFORE HR 918 — \"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded WFC (Finance) within 0 days of HR 918 \"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-06-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 918","title":"Mortgage Insurance Tax Deduction Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-06-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20918"]},{"id":"P1_H001072_xqdqnd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CVS 1d after HRES 10 — \"HEALTH Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CVS (Healthcare) within 1 days of HRES 10 \"HEALTH Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2025-01-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 10","title":"HEALTH Act","introducedDate":"2025-01-30","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%2010"]},{"id":"P1_H001072_h5cg76","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYF 2d BEFORE SRES 742 — \"A resolution designating the first week of Decembe…\"","explanation":"Member traded SYF (Finance) within 2 days of SRES 742 \"A resolution designating the first week of December 2018, and supporting the des\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYF","date":"2021-04-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 742","title":"A resolution designating the first week of December 2018, and supporting the designation of each first week of December ","introducedDate":"2021-04-16","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20742"]},{"id":"P6_H001072_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,525,779 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $4,525,779 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":4525778.63,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_H001072_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$524,946 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $524,946 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":524945.55,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_H001072_d0mbr0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$495,346 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Rifle Association Institute for","explanation":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action spent $495,346 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013301","name":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action","support":495345.89999999997,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013301/"]},{"id":"P6_H001072_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$424,950 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $424,950 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":424950.11,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_H001072_uchioz","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$298,537 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Committee for a Better Tomorrow Sponsore (also direct donor)","explanation":"Committee for a Better Tomorrow Sponsored by Los Angeles County Federation of Labor spent $298,537 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00686592","name":"Committee for a Better Tomorrow Sponsored by Los Angeles County Federation of Labor","support":298537.48,"oppose":0,"events":15},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00686592/"]},{"id":"P7_H001072_vlus7o","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,205,200 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,205,200 opposing this member across 349 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7205200.0600000005,"totalSupport":8033958.079999998,"events":349,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":3005236.39},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":1723500.37},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":629941.52},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":851111.58},{"name":"Patriot Majority USA","oppose":280453.78}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_H001072_9x6j2v","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$197,008 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 4 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $197,008 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":197007.78,"events":4,"byYear":{"2010":197007.78},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001788","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION","total":121312.78,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001259","name":"CITIZENS FOR STRENGTH AND SECURITY","total":69475,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":6220,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001072_p2sybw","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$322,037 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $322,037 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":322037.3199999999,"oppose":0,"net":322037.3199999999,"events":58,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70003223","name":"LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO","support":227154.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":47120.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":13854.5,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":11521.06,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":9936.77,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001072_4wa086","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,265 donation spike on 2022-05-04 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-04 this committee recorded $102,265 across 96 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,593.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551275","date":"2022-05-04","amount":102265,"count":96,"baseline":9593,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551275/"]},{"id":"P15_H001072_y9j6by","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,650 donation spike on 2024-10-04 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-04 this committee recorded $67,650 across 85 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,603.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551275","date":"2024-10-04","amount":67650,"count":85,"baseline":9603,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551275/"]},{"id":"P15_H001072_lkejp8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,950 donation spike on 2017-09-22 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-22 this committee recorded $62,950 across 98 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,393.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551275","date":"2017-09-22","amount":62950,"count":98,"baseline":8393,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551275/"]},{"id":"P18_H001072_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member French Hill executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-12-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Calendar Year 2026 Home Health Prospective Payment System (HH PPS) Rate Update; Requirem","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-12-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001072_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member French Hill executed 6 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RF","date":"2025-06-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2025-06-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-06-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2023-12-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Form PF; Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers; Further Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-06-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Form PF; Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers; Further Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001072_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member French Hill executed 5 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-06-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2023-12-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2023-11-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2023-11-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Partial Replacement of an Earlier National Registration or Registrations by an International Registration","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2025-06-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Magnuson-Stevens Act Provisions; Fisheries Off West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery; 2023-2024 Biennial S","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-11-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001072_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member French Hill executed 3 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-11-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWN","date":"2020-11-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-11-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Class E Airspace; Montezuma, GA","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-11-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Class E Airspace; Montezuma, GA","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-11-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001072_vd8kh5","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"French Hill campaign paid $5,659,335 to 56 surname-matched vendors, top: ETTINGER, JEFFREY M.","explanation":"French Hill's campaign paid 93 disbursements totaling $5,659,335 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ETTINGER, JEFFREY M.","total":1189265.85,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ETTINGER, JEFFREY M.","amount":500000,"date":"2023-02-19","description":"INKIND: LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"jeffrey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ETTINGER, JEFFREY M.","amount":400000,"date":"2023-02-19","description":"INKIND: LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"jeffrey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ETTINGER, JEFFREY M.","amount":289265.85,"date":"2023-02-19","description":"INKIND: LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"jeffrey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARTOS, JEFFREY A","total":550000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BARTOS, JEFFREY A","amount":500000,"date":"2017-11-17","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"jeffrey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BARTOS, JEFFREY A","amount":50000,"date":"2017-11-17","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"jeffrey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLARK HILL PLC","total":445915.38,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CLARK HILL PLC","amount":233381.42,"date":"2019-02-28","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CLARK HILL PLC","amount":212533.96,"date":"2019-04-05","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAPITOL HILL LISTS LLC","total":375241.48,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CAPITOL HILL LISTS LLC","amount":375241.48,"date":"2020-08-08","description":"LIST RENTAL & MAINTENANCE","surnameMatched":"hill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAPITOL HILL LISTS, LLC.","total":245410,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CAPITOL HILL LISTS, LLC.","amount":245410,"date":"2009-10-29","description":"LIST RENTAL","surnameMatched":"hill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAPITOL HILL LISTS, LLC","total":227612.28,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CAPITOL HILL LISTS, LLC","amount":227612.28,"date":"2018-10-01","description":"LIST RENTAL/MAINTENANCE","surnameMatched":"hill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ETTINGER"]},{"id":"P25_H001072_Candidate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"55% of PAC dollars ($350,405) come from Candidate industry","explanation":"French Hill receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Candidate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Candidate","amount":350404.98000000004,"share":54.5,"totalPAC":642812.4400000001,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Candidate","amount":350404.98000000004,"share":54.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":150000,"share":23.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":27407.46,"share":4.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":25000,"share":3.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_H001072_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"House Majority PAC both supported ($49,518) and opposed ($1,723,500) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-French Hill advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":49518.42,"oppose":1723500.37,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P35_H001072_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Women Vote! both supported ($234,377) and opposed ($629,942) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-French Hill advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":234376.65999999997,"oppose":629941.52,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P36_H001072","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"French Hill has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_H001072_PFE_20251231","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of PFE in 2025-Q4 while PFIZER INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"French Hill executed a sell in PFE during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (PFIZER INC., PFIZER). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-31","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["PFIZER INC.","PFIZER","PFIZER, INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001072_V_20231122","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of V in 2023-Q4 while VISA U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"French Hill executed a buy in V during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA U.S.A. INC., VISA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-22","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["VISA U.S.A. INC.","VISA INC","VISA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_H001072_KD_20251231","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $KD 1 day after a corporate insider (Kenan Frank H. II  (CIK 0001710114)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KD","filer":"Kenan Frank H. II  (CIK 0001710114)","filingDate":"2025-12-30","adsh":"0001437749-25-038934","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001072_XOM_20201130","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $XOM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $XOM 3 days after a corporate insider (Littleton Stephen A  (CIK 0001807216)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Littleton Stephen A  (CIK 0001807216)","filingDate":"2020-11-27","adsh":"0001127602-20-030061","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_XOM_20201130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $XOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $XOM 1 day before a corporate insider (Littleton Stephen A  (CIK 0001807216)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Littleton Stephen A  (CIK 0001807216)","filingDate":"2020-12-01","adsh":"0001127602-20-030163"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_PYPL_20231229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $PYPL 5 days before a corporate insider (Sarnoff Ann  (CIK 0001391389)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Sarnoff Ann  (CIK 0001391389)","filingDate":"2024-01-03","adsh":"0001633917-24-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_PFE_20251231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PFE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $PFE 5 days before a corporate insider (BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0001225208-26-000163"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_SOLV_20251231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SOLV 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $SOLV 5 days before a corporate insider (Gomez Tammy L  (CIK 0001937481)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SOLV","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SOLV","filer":"Gomez Tammy L  (CIK 0001937481)","filingDate":"2026-01-05","adsh":"0001937481-26-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_SCHW_20231229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SCHW 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $SCHW 6 days before a corporate insider (Brown Marianne Catherine  (CIK 0001804183)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Brown Marianne Catherine  (CIK 0001804183)","filingDate":"2024-01-04","adsh":"0000316709-24-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_T_20201130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $T 8 days before a corporate insider (RANKIN JAMES T  (CIK 0001247954)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"RANKIN JAMES T  (CIK 0001247954)","filingDate":"2020-12-08","adsh":"0001127602-20-030901"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_L_20250623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $L 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill buy $L 9 days before a corporate insider (Brown Brian Nicholas  (CIK 0001820672)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"L","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"L","filer":"Brown Brian Nicholas  (CIK 0001820672)","filingDate":"2025-07-02","adsh":"0000950142-25-001812"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_T_20250623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $T 10 days before a corporate insider (Seavers Dean  (CIK 0001403296)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Seavers Dean  (CIK 0001403296)","filingDate":"2025-07-03","adsh":"0000915913-25-000119"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001072_WFC_20250623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WFC 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"French Hill sell $WFC 10 days before a corporate insider (SARGENT RONALD  (CIK 0001180656)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"SARGENT RONALD  (CIK 0001180656)","filingDate":"2025-07-03","adsh":"0001127602-25-018924"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_H001072_2025-07-21_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WFC 28 days before a Finance floor speech","explanation":"French Hill delivered a 580-word floor speech on 2025-07-21 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 3382) to require the Securities and Exchange Commission to carry out a study and rulemaking on the defini- tion of the term ‘‘small ent…\"). The member sell $WFC (a Finance-sector stock) 28 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-07-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":580,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 3382) to require the Securities and Exchange Commission to carry out a study and rulemaking on the defini- tion of the term ‘‘small ent","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/07/21/171/124/CREC-2025-07-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/07/21/171/124/CREC-2025-07-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_H001072_T","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $T — AT&T's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"French Hill executed 2 reported trades in $T (AT&T). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","parent":"AT&T","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-30"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"AT&T","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%2FWARNERMEDIA%20LLC%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%2FWARNERMEDIA%20LLC%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_H001072_WFC","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $WFC — WELLS FARGO's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"French Hill executed 1 reported trade in $WFC (WELLS FARGO). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"WELLS FARGO & CO EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVT FEDERAL FUND\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","parent":"WELLS FARGO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-23"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"WELLS FARGO & CO EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVT FEDERAL FUND","parent":"WELLS FARGO","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=WELLS%20FARGO%20%26%20CO%20EMPLOYEES%20GOOD%20GOVT%20FEDERAL%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=WELLS%20FARGO%20%26%20CO%20EMPLOYEES%20GOOD%20GOVT%20FEDERAL%20FUND","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_H001072","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$322K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 71% from LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO","explanation":"French Hill received $322,037.32 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO ($227,154.42 = 71%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":322037.3199999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":27664.91,"2014":13819.74,"2018":247628.57000000004,"2020":23895.9,"2022":7125.360000000001,"2024":3425.76},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003223","name":"LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO","support":227154.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003223/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":47120.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":13854.5,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":11521.06,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":9936.77,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003223/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_H001072","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $181,600","explanation":"French Hill received campaign contributions totaling $181,600 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 32 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($15,000); ARVEST BANK ($10,000); TYSON FOODS INC ($10,000); CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION ($6,600); HILLTOP HOLDINGS INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":181600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ARVEST BANK GROUP INC. PAC","ldaClient":"ARVEST BANK","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TYSON FOODS INC. PAC (TYPAC)","ldaClient":"TYSON FOODS INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SCHWAB, CHARLES MR.","ldaClient":"CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HILLTOP HOLDINGS INC PAC","ldaClient":"HILLTOP HOLDINGS INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_H001072","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $102,265 on 2022-05-04 (10.7× normal)","explanation":"French Hill's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $102,265 on 2022-05-04 — 10.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":102265,"maxRatio":10.7,"maxAmount":102265},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-05-04","amount":102265,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":9593,"count":96,"cmteId":"C00551275","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00551275&min_date=2022-05-04&max_date=2022-05-04"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551275/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00551275&min_date=2022-05-04&max_date=2022-05-04"]},{"id":"P78_H001072","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 46 total findings across the platform","explanation":"French Hill appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 46 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (9); trade near vote (7); ie support concentration (5); reg rule trade proximity (4); daily donation spike (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":46,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001072","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_H001072","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"French Hill's campaign paid $653,674 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: CLARK HILL PLC ($445,915)","explanation":"French Hill's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $653,674 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CLARK HILL PLC ($445,915 across 2 payments, services: RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":653673.99,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CLARK HILL PLC","total":445915.38,"count":2,"descriptions":["RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CAPITOL HILL LISTS","total":207758.61,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING: MAILING LIST RENTAL"]}],"surname":"hill"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4AR02141&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_H001072","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"French Hill named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.9M total receipts) — top: TEAM HILL","explanation":"French Hill appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM HILL (C00773903, $3.9M receipts, treasurer TURNER, CALE MR.). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.95,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00773903","name":"TEAM HILL","receipts":3945074.46,"treasurer":"TURNER, CALE MR.","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00773903/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00773903/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00773903/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_H001072","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"French Hill draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.7M PAC / $43.6M total)","explanation":"French Hill's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.7M of $43.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.75,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.57,"pacSharePct":38.4,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4AR02141"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AR02141/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_H001072","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"French Hill disclosed 4 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL PFE $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"French Hill has filed 4 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL PFE $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-12-31 · SELL BX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-06-23 · SELL SFNC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-06-23 · SELL PM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-11-22.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":4,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":400004,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","date":"2025-12-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BX","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SFNC","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PM","action":"SELL","date":"2023-11-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_H001072","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"French Hill triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"French Hill accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_H001072_2025-06-23","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"French Hill — 14 trades on 2025-06-23","explanation":"French Hill disclosed 14 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-06-23). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-06-23","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_H001072","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"French Hill — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (61/61)","explanation":"French Hill's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":61,"atBracket":61,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_H001072","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"French Hill — 44 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"French Hill has traded 44 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":44,"sample":["PFE","KD","SFL","SOLV","SPB","RF","INTC","BX","LAZ","MKL"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001068":[{"id":"P1_C001068_ez8juv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NOC 5d after HR 2707 — \"Protecting American Families and Servicemembers fr…\"","explanation":"Member traded NOC (Defense) within 5 days of HR 2707 \"Protecting American Families and Servicemembers from Anthrax Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2025-12-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2707","title":"Protecting American Families and Servicemembers from Anthrax Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-24","daysDiff":5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202707"]},{"id":"P1_C001068_mmdgl5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GS 0d BEFORE HR 1983 — \"Tax Return Preparer Accountability Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded GS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1983 \"Tax Return Preparer Accountability Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-12-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1983","title":"Tax Return Preparer Accountability Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-12-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201983"]},{"id":"P1_C001068_zdx6lv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MS 0d BEFORE HR 1983 — \"Tax Return Preparer Accountability Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1983 \"Tax Return Preparer Accountability Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2025-12-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1983","title":"Tax Return Preparer Accountability Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-12-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201983"]},{"id":"P1_C001068_5pohaq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL HST 4d after HR 6721 — \"Rent Relief Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded HST (RealEstate) within 4 days of HR 6721 \"Rent Relief Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HST","date":"2024-12-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6721","title":"Rent Relief Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-12-07","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206721"]},{"id":"P17_C001068_BA_2020-04-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-14 and 2020-04-17, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on BA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001068","name":"Steve Cohen"}],"span":"2020-04-14 to 2020-04-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001068_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Steve Cohen executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2025-12-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-04-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Identification (ID) Cards for Members of the Uniformed Services, Their Dependents, and Other Eligible Individuals; Amend","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-12-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Death Gratuity","agency":"Defense Department, Navy Department","date":"2020-04-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001068_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Steve Cohen executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-12-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2025-12-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RF","date":"2020-03-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Reserve Bank Capital Stock","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Reserve Bank Capital Stock","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001068_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Steve Cohen executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2023-06-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2020-04-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Internal Personnel Rules and Practices of the NTSB","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2023-06-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001068_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Steve Cohen executed 9 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-05-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2020-05-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2020-05-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-05-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of Class E Airspace; Owyhee, NV","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-04-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of Class E Airspace; Owyhee, NV","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-04-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001068_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Steve Cohen executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2020-03-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Banned Devices; Electrical Stimulation Devices for Self-Injurious or Aggressive Behavior","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001068_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Steve Cohen executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-03-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2020-03-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico; 2020 Recreational Accountability Measure and Closure for Gulf of Mexico Gray Tr","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico; 2020 Recreational Accountability Measure and Closure for Gulf of Mexico Gray Tr","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001068_h46cya","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Cohen campaign paid $3,917,282 to 29 surname-matched vendors, top: DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","explanation":"Steve Cohen's campaign paid 87 disbursements totaling $3,917,282 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","total":2280349.6000000006,"count":45,"samples":[{"payee":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","amount":291115.34,"date":"2021-01-04","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","amount":113084.26,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","amount":92268.5,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COHEN MILSTEIN HAUSFELD AND TOLL PLLC","total":307659,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"COHEN MILSTEIN HAUSFELD AND TOLL PLLC","amount":307659,"date":"2019-11-21","description":"LEGAL AND AUDIT CONSULTING, LEGAL ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COHEN, DAVID","total":162873.23,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COHEN, DAVID","amount":70931.95,"date":"2024-12-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COHEN, DAVID","amount":33668.99,"date":"2021-12-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COHEN, DAVID","amount":33272.29,"date":"2021-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COHEN & COMPANY","total":142207,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"COHEN & COMPANY","amount":142207,"date":"2016-12-30","description":"IN-KIND - ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COHEN, LAWRENCE","total":138163.03999999998,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"COHEN, LAWRENCE","amount":56000,"date":"2020-05-06","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COHEN, LAWRENCE","amount":25818.77,"date":"2020-02-10","description":"CAMPAIGN TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COHEN, LAWRENCE","amount":21526.57,"date":"2020-02-07","description":"CAMPAIGN TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COHEN, BURTON J","total":119000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COHEN, BURTON J","amount":50000,"date":"2008-02-13","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"COHEN, BURTON J","amount":25000,"date":"2008-02-13","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"COHEN, BURTON J","amount":24000,"date":"2008-02-13","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"cohen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DENTONS%20COHEN%20%26%20GRIGSBY%20PC"]},{"id":"P37_C001068_PFE_20151203","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of PFE in 2015-Q4 while PFIZER INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Steve Cohen executed a sell in PFE during 2015-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (PFIZER INC, PFIZER, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-03","quarter":"2015-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q4","matchedClients":["PFIZER INC","PFIZER, INC.","PFIZER"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_C001068_PEAK_20200326","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PEAK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $PEAK 1 day after a corporate insider (Barnes Michael Gene  (CIK 0001498811)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEAK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEAK","filer":"Barnes Michael Gene  (CIK 0001498811)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001393726-20-000055","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001068_CMCSA_20200417","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $CMCSA 1 day after a corporate insider (Murdock Daniel C.  (CIK 0001698551)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Murdock Daniel C.  (CIK 0001698551)","filingDate":"2020-04-16","adsh":"0001225208-20-006500","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001068_RTN_20200326","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RTN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $RTN 1 day after a corporate insider (WAJSGRAS DAVID C  (CIK 0001193800)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTN","filer":"WAJSGRAS DAVID C  (CIK 0001193800)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001047122-20-000056","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001068_KO_20200507","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $KO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $KO 3 days after a corporate insider (Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0001318568-20-000102","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001068_FHN_20230526","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FHN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen buy $FHN 4 days after a corporate insider (PALMER VICKI R  (CIK 0001142394)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FHN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FHN","filer":"PALMER VICKI R  (CIK 0001142394)","filingDate":"2023-05-22","adsh":"0001127602-23-016485","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001068_MS_20251217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $MS 5 days after a corporate insider (Cohen Janet L  (CIK 0001932965)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"Cohen Janet L  (CIK 0001932965)","filingDate":"2025-12-12","adsh":"0001932965-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_PEAK_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PEAK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $PEAK 1 day before a corporate insider (Barnes Michael Gene  (CIK 0001498811)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEAK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEAK","filer":"Barnes Michael Gene  (CIK 0001498811)","filingDate":"2020-03-27","adsh":"0001393726-20-000059"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_HST_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HST 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $HST 1 day before a corporate insider (GHOSH SOURAV  (CIK 0001780487)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HST","filer":"GHOSH SOURAV  (CIK 0001780487)","filingDate":"2020-03-27","adsh":"0001070750-20-000056"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_RTN_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RTN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $RTN 1 day before a corporate insider (Acaba Ralph H  (CIK 0001772404)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTN","filer":"Acaba Ralph H  (CIK 0001772404)","filingDate":"2020-03-27","adsh":"0001047122-20-000068"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_FHN_20220727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FHN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen buy $FHN 2 days before a corporate insider (JORDAN D BRYAN  (CIK 0001189987)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FHN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FHN","filer":"JORDAN D BRYAN  (CIK 0001189987)","filingDate":"2022-07-29","adsh":"0001127602-22-019941"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_WIW_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WIW 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $WIW 3 days before a corporate insider (Kelly Jeanne  (CIK 0001346081)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WIW","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WIW","filer":"Kelly Jeanne  (CIK 0001346081)","filingDate":"2023-02-03","adsh":"0000914851-23-000013"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_IBM_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IBM 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $IBM 6 days before a corporate insider (HOWARD MICHELLE J  (CIK 0001769389)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBM","filer":"HOWARD MICHELLE J  (CIK 0001769389)","filingDate":"2020-04-01","adsh":"0001562180-20-002810"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_KO_20200417","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $KO 7 days before a corporate insider (Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)","filingDate":"2020-04-24","adsh":"0001209191-20-025732"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_T_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $T 7 days before a corporate insider (Draper Dow  (CIK 0001534171)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Draper Dow  (CIK 0001534171)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0000925421-20-000174"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_XOM_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $XOM 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $XOM 7 days before a corporate insider (Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012570"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_KO_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KO 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $KO 8 days before a corporate insider (Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001318568-20-000078"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_PEAK_20200511","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PEAK 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $PEAK 8 days before a corporate insider (Chan Tin Chi  (CIK 0001800816)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEAK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEAK","filer":"Chan Tin Chi  (CIK 0001800816)","filingDate":"2020-05-19","adsh":"0001213900-20-012910"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001068_TM_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TM 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Steve Cohen sell $TM 8 days before a corporate insider (GENDELL JEFFREY L ET AL  (CIK 0000948904)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TM","filer":"GENDELL JEFFREY L ET AL  (CIK 0000948904)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0000899243-20-010130"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P46_C001068_111_HR_1412","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NOC 24 days after sponsoring HR 1412 (Defense)","explanation":"Steve Cohen sponsored HR 1412 on 2025-12-05 — a Defense-sector bill — and sell $NOC 24 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_1412","type":"HR","number":"1412","title":"Justice Integrity Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sector":"Defense","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1412"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/1412","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001068_111_HR_2765","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GS 12 days after sponsoring HR 2765 (Finance)","explanation":"Steve Cohen sponsored HR 2765 on 2025-12-05 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $GS 12 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_2765","type":"HR","number":"2765","title":"SPEECH Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2765"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2765","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_C001068_113_HR_645","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GS 11 days after sponsoring HR 645 (Finance)","explanation":"Steve Cohen sponsored HR 645 on 2025-12-06 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $GS 11 days after of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"113_HR_645","type":"HR","number":"645","title":"Equal Employment for All Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-06","sector":"Finance","congress":113,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/645"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/645","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001068_2023-07-19_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FDX 20 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Steve Cohen delivered a 591-word floor speech on 2023-07-19 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, firstly, I would like to go ahead and extend to all the leadership that produced this bill my thanks: Chairman SAM GRAVES, Ranking Member LARSEN, and Sub- committee Chair GARRET GRAVES, our…\"). The member buy $FDX (a Industrials-sector stock) 20 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-07-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":591,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, firstly, I would like to go ahead and extend to all the leadership that produced this bill my thanks: Chairman SAM GRAVES, Ranking Member LARSEN, and Sub- committee Chair GARRET GRAVES, our","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/07/19/169/124/CREC-2023-07-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/07/19/169/124/CREC-2023-07-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001068_2020-05-15_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 28 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Steve Cohen delivered a 330-word floor speech on 2020-05-15 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I have been listening to the debate, and I have been really amazed at what I have heard from the other side. They said the mili- tary goes into battle, or is ready to go, and they don’t l…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 28 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-05-15","chamber":"House","wordCount":330,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I have been listening to the debate, and I have been really amazed at what I have heard from the other side. They said the mili- tary goes into battle, or is ready to go, and they don’t l","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/05/15/CREC-2020-05-15-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/05/15/CREC-2020-05-15-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_C001068_2020-03-26","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"20 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-03-26 — 20 unique tickers","explanation":"Steve Cohen executed 20 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-03-26 to 2020-03-26), spanning 20 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-03-26","windowEnd":"2020-03-26","tradeCount":20,"uniqueTickers":20,"totalDisclosedTrades":108,"sampleTickers":["XOM","LLY","EBS","DIS","RQI","FHN","RF","MSFT","SNE","CVX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001068","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 37 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Steve Cohen appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 37 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (12); reg rule trade proximity (6); insider followed trade (6); trade near vote (4); sponsored bill trade (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":37,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001068","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_C001068","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Cohen's campaign paid $3,381,861 to 20 surname-matched vendors — top: DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC ($2,280,350)","explanation":"Steve Cohen's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 74 payments totaling $3,381,861 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC ($2,280,350 across 45 payments, services: LEGAL SERVICES · RECOUNT ACCOUNT - LEGAL SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":3381860.690000001,"paymentCount":74,"payeeCount":20,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DENTONS COHEN & GRIGSBY PC","total":2280349.6000000006,"count":45,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES","RECOUNT ACCOUNT - LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"COHEN MILSTEIN HAUSFELD AND TOLL PLLC","total":307659,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL AND AUDIT CONSULTING, LEGAL ACCOUNT"]},{"payee":"COHEN, LAWRENCE","total":138163.03999999998,"count":5,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","CAMPAIGN TRAVEL"]},{"payee":"COHEN, DAVID","total":137873.23,"count":3,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"COHEN, BURTON J","total":119000,"count":4,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVENESS"]}],"surname":"cohen"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6TN09068&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001068","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Cohen draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.2M PAC / $17.2M total)","explanation":"Steve Cohen's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.2M of $17.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.2,"pacSharePct":53.7,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H6TN09068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TN09068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_C001068","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Cohen ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 8,397 cosponsored, 488 sponsored","explanation":"Steve Cohen's congress.gov record shows 8,397 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":8397,"sponsoredCount":488,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/steve-cohen/C001068","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P178_C001068_2020-03-26","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Cohen — 20 trades on 2020-03-26","explanation":"Steve Cohen disclosed 20 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-03-26). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-03-26","count":20}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001068","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Cohen — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (107/108)","explanation":"Steve Cohen's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":108,"atBracket":107,"pct":"99.1"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001068","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Cohen — 65 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Steve Cohen has traded 65 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":65,"sample":["NOC","FLR","GS","MS","OZKAP","RFI","HST","EBS","HAMILTO","DTRUY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P181_C001068","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Cohen — 88 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Steve Cohen sponsored 88 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":88}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001068_EqualEmploymentforAl","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Cohen sponsored \"Equal Employment for All Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Steve Cohen has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Equal Employment for All Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001068_FairAccesstoCreditSc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Cohen sponsored \"Fair Access to Credit Scores Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Steve Cohen has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fair Access to Credit Scores Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001068_PrivateStudentLoanBa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Cohen sponsored \"Private Student Loan Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Steve Cohen has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Private Student Loan Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_C001068","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Cohen — DW-NOMINATE -0.39 vs TN delegation mean 0.25 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Steve Cohen's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.39) is 1.6 standard deviations from the TN delegation mean (0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TN","memberScore":-0.389,"delegationMean":0.24897560975609762,"zscore":"1.63"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"W000816":[{"id":"P1_W000816_i5z7ak","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CVX 2d after HR 1752 — \"Technology for Energy Security Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CVX (Energy) within 2 days of HR 1752 \"Technology for Energy Security Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-12-22","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1752","title":"Technology for Energy Security Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-20","daysDiff":2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201752"]},{"id":"P3_W000816_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 82% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 9 times (82%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":9,"yesRate":82},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":2,"sells":0,"netBuy":2,"total":2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_W000816_Technology","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology trades filed 1017d late on avg — overall avg only 577d","explanation":"In Technology (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 1017.3 days — versus 576.9 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":4,"avgGap":1017},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":16,"avgGap":577},{"source":"pac","sector":"Technology","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_W000816_udjr5j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$689,883 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Patriots PAC","explanation":"American Patriots PAC spent $689,883 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00668905","name":"American Patriots PAC","support":689882.75,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668905/"]},{"id":"P6_W000816_tvjo47","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$294,538 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (PV FUND)","explanation":"PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (PV FUND) spent $294,538 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00780841","name":"PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (PV FUND)","support":294538.08,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00780841/"]},{"id":"P7_W000816_hqhqi6","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $15,749,211 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $15,749,211 opposing this member across 355 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":15749210.6,"totalSupport":2340060.6,"events":355,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5818655.870000001},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":3002645.85},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":3001168.12},{"name":"AMERICA LEADS ACTION INC.","oppose":1342399.7299999997},{"name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","oppose":835259.48}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000816_ya6p0h","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$45,486 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $45,486 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":45486.16,"oppose":0,"net":45486.16,"events":25,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":34585.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":6632.799999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3604.35,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":448.27,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003165","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","support":154.39,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_W000816_30hhzs","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,614,514 / spent $1,427,193","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00531590","cmteName":"PATRIOTS IN ACTION","year":"2012","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":1579.2,"cashOnHand":3420.79},{"cmteId":"C00531590","cmteName":"PATRIOTS IN ACTION","year":"2014","totalReceipts":175845.2,"totalDisbursements":159668.4,"cashOnHand":19597.63},{"cmteId":"C00531590","cmteName":"PATRIOTS IN ACTION","year":"2016","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":5687,"cashOnHand":13910.63},{"cmteId":"C00531590","cmteName":"PATRIOTS IN ACTION","year":"2018","totalReceipts":231810,"totalDisbursements":70903.3,"cashOnHand":174817.31},{"cmteId":"C00531590","cmteName":"PATRIOTS IN ACTION","year":"2020","totalReceipts":269932.7,"totalDisbursements":381524.3,"cashOnHand":63225.75}],"totalRaised":1614513.7999999998,"totalSpent":1427193}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_W000816_lvmzey","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $7,135,286 in itemized individual contributions, $4,308,459 (60%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7135286,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-109748,"$200.01-$499":382575,"$500-$999":863770,"$1000-$1999":1690230,"$2000 and over":4308459},"megaShare":60.4,"smallDonorShare":-1.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000816_hyv49r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$193,100 donation spike on 2011-07-25 — 16.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-07-25 this committee recorded $193,100 across 87 contributions — 16.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,422.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00498121","date":"2011-07-25","amount":193100,"count":87,"baseline":11422,"ratio":16.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498121/"]},{"id":"P18_W000816_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Roger Williams executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-12-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2022-06-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Financial Services Sectoral Determination and Directives 1A, 2, 3, and 4 Under Executive Order 14024 of A","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-05-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000816_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Roger Williams executed 3 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANG","date":"2025-12-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-12-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVN","date":"2021-05-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Scope of Federal Regulations Implementing the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977","agency":"Interior Department, Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Office","date":"2025-11-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Scope of Federal Regulations Implementing the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977","agency":"Interior Department, Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Office","date":"2025-11-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000816_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Roger Williams executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-12-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Identification (ID) Cards for Members of the Uniformed Services, Their Dependents, and Other Eligible Individuals; Amend","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-12-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000816_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Roger Williams executed 4 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-03-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-03-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-03-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2022-06-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Sensient Colors, LLC.; Filing of Color Additive Petition","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-02-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Calendar Year (CY) 2024 Home Health (HH) Prospective Payment System Rate Update; HH Quality Reporting ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2024-01-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000816_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Roger Williams executed 3 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2022-06-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2022-06-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2022-06-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer From VA to RI","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-05-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer From VA to RI","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-05-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000816_k8dtq0","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Williams campaign paid $70,363,388 to 146 surname-matched vendors, top: JONES DAY","explanation":"Roger Williams's campaign paid 517 disbursements totaling $70,363,388 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES DAY","total":33079866.40000001,"count":80,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":1998447.31,"date":"2019-04-02","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":1014704.39,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":950000,"date":"2024-08-07","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE PATTERSON GROUP","total":4639613,"count":35,"samples":[{"payee":"THE PATTERSON GROUP","amount":475290,"date":"2010-01-19","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"patterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THE PATTERSON GROUP","amount":391000,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"patterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THE PATTERSON GROUP","amount":324815,"date":"2008-10-09","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"patterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MALCHOW SCHLACKMAN HOPPEY & COOPER","total":4081605.36,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"MALCHOW SCHLACKMAN HOPPEY & COOPER","amount":780000,"date":"2004-06-18","description":"ADVERTISEMENTS","surnameMatched":"cooper","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MALCHOW SCHLACKMAN HOPPEY & COOPER","amount":739754.07,"date":"2004-10-20","description":"EXEMPT POSTAGE & PRINTING","surnameMatched":"cooper","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MALCHOW SCHLACKMAN HOPPEY & COOPER","amount":632716.97,"date":"2004-10-27","description":"EXEMPT POSTAGE & PRINTING","surnameMatched":"cooper","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","total":2780445.6000000006,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":1771360.21,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":286699.87,"date":"2006-01-26","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":197511.77,"date":"2005-05-19","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","total":2163298.3200000003,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2024-04-16","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2024-04-05","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JONES%20DAY"]},{"id":"P21_W000816_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 1017d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (3 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":4,"avgGap":1017,"buys":3,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":16,"avgGap":577}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_W000816_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"75% of PAC dollars ($1,036,416) come from Party industry","explanation":"Roger Williams receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1036416.3400000001,"share":75.4,"totalPAC":1374629.78,"pacCount":43},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1036416.3400000001,"share":75.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":149613.44,"share":10.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":55500,"share":4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":45000,"share":3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_W000816","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 13.0× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 25 disclosed trades, 21 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 13.0× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":21,"total":25,"rate":84},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":13.04}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000816","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Roger Williams has findings in 14 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":14,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_W000816_DVN_20210513","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DVN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Williams sell $DVN 1 day after a corporate insider (Ritenour Jeffrey L  (CIK 0001704328)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DVN","filer":"Ritenour Jeffrey L  (CIK 0001704328)","filingDate":"2021-05-12","adsh":"0001127602-21-016297","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000816_GOOG_20220630","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Williams buy $GOOG 2 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-06-28","adsh":"0001209191-22-039719","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000816_PFE_20240304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PFE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Williams sell $PFE 3 days after a corporate insider (BOSHOFF CHRISTOFFEL  (CIK 0001988687)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOSHOFF CHRISTOFFEL  (CIK 0001988687)","filingDate":"2024-03-01","adsh":"0001225208-24-003340","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000816_GOOG_20220630","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Williams buy $GOOG 1 day before a corporate insider (RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR  (CIK 0001286672)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR  (CIK 0001286672)","filingDate":"2022-07-01","adsh":"0001209191-22-040372"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000816_DIS_20210630","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DIS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Williams buy $DIS 2 days before a corporate insider (ARNOLD SUSAN E  (CIK 0001215995)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"ARNOLD SUSAN E  (CIK 0001215995)","filingDate":"2021-07-02","adsh":"0001744489-21-000167"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P52_W000816_JPM","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $JPM — JPMORGAN CHASE's PAC also donated $8,000","explanation":"Roger Williams executed 1 reported trade in $JPM (JPMORGAN CHASE). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $8,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","parent":"JPMORGAN CHASE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-22"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"JPMORGAN CHASE","total":8000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=JPMORGAN%20CHASE%20%26%20CO.%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=JPMORGAN%20CHASE%20%26%20CO.%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_W000816","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $244,483.44","explanation":"Roger Williams received campaign contributions totaling $244,483.44 from 23 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 23 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY ($92,883.44); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":23,"totalDollars":244483.44,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY","donorTotal":92883.44,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","ldaClient":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_W000816","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $193,100 on 2011-07-25 (16.9× normal)","explanation":"Roger Williams's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $193,100 on 2011-07-25 — 16.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":193100,"maxRatio":16.9,"maxAmount":193100},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-07-25","amount":193100,"ratio":16.9,"baselineDaily":11422,"count":87,"cmteId":"C00498121","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00498121&min_date=2011-07-25&max_date=2011-07-25"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498121/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00498121&min_date=2011-07-25&max_date=2011-07-25"]},{"id":"P71_W000816","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$42,644.4 in outside earned income — top source: SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION Wilkes-Barre, PA ($$35,644.40)","explanation":"Roger Williams's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $42,644.4 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION Wilkes-Barre, PA ($35,644.40, Retirement); United Bank Charleston, West Virginia ($7,000.00, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":42644.4,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION Wilkes-Barre, PA","amount":"$35,644.40","amountNumeric":35644.4},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"United Bank Charleston, West Virginia","amount":"$7,000.00","amountNumeric":7000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000816","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 21 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Roger Williams appears in 21 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 21 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: reg rule trade proximity (5); insider followed trade (3); ie support concentration (2); insider front ran trade (2); trade near vote (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":21,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000816","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_W000816","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roger Williams named in 3 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Roger Williams appears as a named subject in 3 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairwoman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regard · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":3,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairwoman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Roger Williams","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairwoman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-1/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Roger Williams","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-roge-0/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Roger Williams","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-roger/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairwoman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-1/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-roge-0/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-roger/"]},{"id":"P90_W000816","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Williams's campaign paid $489,695 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: WILLIAMS, SYLVIA ($238,000)","explanation":"Roger Williams's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $489,695 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WILLIAMS, SYLVIA ($238,000 across 2 payments, services: LOAN FORGIVEN). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":489695,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WILLIAMS, SYLVIA","total":238000,"count":2,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN"]},{"payee":"WILLIAMS, ALVIN","total":116680,"count":1,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGEMENT SALARY"]},{"payee":"WILLIAMS, SARA","total":71515,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE"]},{"payee":"WRIGHT, WILLIAMS AND ASSOCIATES","total":63500,"count":1,"descriptions":["GRASSROOTS CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"williams"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2TX33040&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P98_W000816_2026","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Williams carries 1 high-rate debt entry (≥12% APR) on 2026 PFD — top: 12-15% (NA) Revolving Charge","explanation":"Roger Williams's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Revolving Charge 12-15% (NA) from AAA Fargo, North ($$15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2026","count":1,"loans":[{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"12-15% (NA)","creditor":"AAA Fargo, North Dakota","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_W000816","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Williams executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL PFE (0d apart)","explanation":"Roger Williams has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL PFE 2024-03-01 → 2024-03-01 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"PFE","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-03-01","date2":"2024-03-01","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_W000816","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Williams triggers 14 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Roger Williams accumulates 14 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":14,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_W000816","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Williams operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.6M combined receipts)","explanation":"Roger Williams operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.6M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: PATRIOTS IN ACTION (C00531590) · WALLEYE PAC (C00909879).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":1.61,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00531590","cmteName":"PATRIOTS IN ACTION"},{"cmteId":"C00909879","cmteName":"WALLEYE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00531590/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00909879/"]},{"id":"P162_W000816_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Williams's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 7 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Roger Williams's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 7 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":7,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_W000816_2026","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Williams's 2026 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: US Government Washington, DC (Salary)","explanation":"Roger Williams's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2026) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Salary from US Government Washington, DC ($157,000.00) · Spouse: Salary from US Government Washington, DC (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2026","latestYear":"2026","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"US Government Washington, DC","amount":"$157,000.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"US Government Washington, DC","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0960b986-c577-44cf-ba43-770c3853134e/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0960b986-c577-44cf-ba43-770c3853134e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_W000816_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Williams's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Roger Williams's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55838b56-604a-4c1c-8380-cca3f107df1e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]}],"J000310":[{"id":"P1_J000310_xeko4z","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMZN 0d BEFORE HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-04-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_J000310_oeverc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-04-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_J000310_5my6ko","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL META 0d BEFORE HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-04-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_J000310_zg2g0n","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL V 0d BEFORE HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-04-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_J000310_iyizjd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NFLX 0d BEFORE HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2025-04-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_J000310_okzrn4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 1838 — \"Broadband Internet for Small Ports Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 1838 \"Broadband Internet for Small Ports Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-04-01","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1838","title":"Broadband Internet for Small Ports Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-01","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201838"]},{"id":"P1_J000310_msnexb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TSLA 2d after HR 278 — \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TSLA (Technology) within 2 days of HR 278 \"BROADBAND Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2025-02-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 278","title":"BROADBAND Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-10","daysDiff":2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20278"]},{"id":"P2_J000310_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Julie Johnson serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/julie-johnson-J000310/committees","http://juliejohnson.house.gov","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/julie-johnson-2/"]},{"id":"P2_J000310_c173cw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY A gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Julie Johnson serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $5,000 from UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/julie-johnson-J000310/committees","http://juliejohnson.house.gov","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/julie-johnson-2/"]},{"id":"P6_J000310_uva9vf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$963,730 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Equality PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"Equality PAC spent $963,730 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 54 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00550970","name":"Equality PAC","support":963729.6200000001,"oppose":0,"events":54},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"EQUALITY PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550970/"]},{"id":"P6_J000310_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$961,800 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $961,800 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":961800,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P9_J000310_h9vv14","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$23,227 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $23,227 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":23227.01,"oppose":0,"net":23227.01,"events":2,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":23227.01,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_PTC_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PTC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 3 members took the same direction on PTC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTC","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PTC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_NEE_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_BLK_2025-02-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-18 and 2025-02-24, 4 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-02-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-02-18 to 2025-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_BLK_2025-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-19 and 2025-02-24, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-02-19 to 2025-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_UPS_2025-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UPS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-11 and 2025-04-17, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UPS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-04-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UPS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-11 to 2025-04-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_UPS_2025-04-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UPS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-15 and 2025-04-17, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UPS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UPS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-15 to 2025-04-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_MMM_2025-04-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought MMM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-05 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on MMM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","date":"2025-04-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MMM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"}],"span":"2025-04-05 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_KHC_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_COP_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold COP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on COP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"COP","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_HON_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-08, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_HON_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_HON_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_MU_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-08, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on MU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MU","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_TMO_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 7 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":7,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 6 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":6,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_PLTR_2025-01-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-15 and 2025-01-21, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on PLTR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-01-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PLTR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001108","name":"James Comer"}],"span":"2025-01-15 to 2025-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_PLTR_2025-02-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-12 and 2025-02-19, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on PLTR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-02-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PLTR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-02-12 to 2025-02-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_PANW_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PANW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on PANW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PANW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_ISRG_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ISRG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ISRG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ISRG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_REGN_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold REGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on REGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"REGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_CI_2025-09-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-23 and 2025-09-29, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-09-23 to 2025-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_CI_2025-11-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-11-10 and 2025-11-13, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","date":"2025-11-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"}],"span":"2025-11-10 to 2025-11-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_LLY_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_LRCX_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LRCX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-08, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on LRCX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LRCX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_J000310_LW_2025-01-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-13 and 2025-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on LW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LW","date":"2025-01-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-01-13 to 2025-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000310_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julie Johnson executed 38 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XEL","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMS","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Arkansas: Incorporation by Reference of Approved State Hazardous Waste Management Program","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Arkansas: Incorporation by Reference of Approved State Hazardous Waste Management Program","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-11-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000310_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"77 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julie Johnson executed 77 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Reserve Bank Capital Stock","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Reserve Bank Capital Stock","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000310_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julie Johnson executed 4 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-08-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2025-08-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2026 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-01-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2026 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2026-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000310_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"65 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julie Johnson executed 65 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2025 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-11-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2025 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-11-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000310_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julie Johnson executed 30 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; End-Stage Renal Disease Prospective Payment System, Payment for Renal Dialysis Services Furnished to I","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-11-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; End-Stage Renal Disease Prospective Payment System, Payment for Renal Dialysis Services Furnished to I","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-11-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000310_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Julie Johnson executed 19 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-12-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-11-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Old Port Tampa, Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Manbirtee Key, Seaport Manatee, MacDill Air Force Base, Port of ","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Old Port Tampa, Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Manbirtee Key, Seaport Manatee, MacDill Air Force Base, Port of ","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-11-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000310_j8sbrx","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Johnson campaign paid $91,307,141 to 70 surname-matched vendors, top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","explanation":"Julie Johnson's campaign paid 311 disbursements totaling $91,307,141 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1791414.8,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1741797,"date":"2016-08-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1570367.35,"date":"2012-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1522556.55,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1469963.4,"date":"2012-10-12","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1355505,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1490194.8,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1416324.9,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":658604.36,"date":"2013-06-03","description":"MEDIA TV BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":3271839.4,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":732000,"date":"2023-12-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":710000,"date":"2025-04-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":645000,"date":"2024-03-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":2000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":2000000,"date":"2016-10-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SHORR%20JOHNSON%20MAGNUS"]},{"id":"P22_J000310_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Healthcare trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Healthcare bills","explanation":"Member Julie Johnson cast Healthcare-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":0,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":0,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":0,"sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":0,"sector":"Healthcare"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_J000310_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Agriculture trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Agriculture bills","explanation":"Member Julie Johnson cast Agriculture-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":0,"sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":0,"sector":"Agriculture"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P24_J000310_1lz03l","pattern_type":"P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded DHR (Healthcare) the same day as voting on Healthcare legislation — and 5 more same-day pairings","explanation":"Julie Johnson executed sector-matching trades on the same calendar day they cast sector-related votes. This is the tightest possible timing correlation in our data — ask whether the trade was placed before or after the vote was cast.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Healthcare","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Healthcare","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Healthcare","daysDiff":0},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2025-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Healthcare","daysDiff":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_J000310","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Healthcare)","explanation":"Julie Johnson has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":47,"highSeverityCount":14,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_J000310_MCD_20250814","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MCD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $MCD 1 day after a corporate insider (Boyd Tiffanie L.  (CIK 0002035797)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Boyd Tiffanie L.  (CIK 0002035797)","filingDate":"2025-08-13","adsh":"0000950103-25-010247","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_MDT_20251218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $MDT 1 day after a corporate insider (Wall Brett A.  (CIK 0001473812)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Wall Brett A.  (CIK 0001473812)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001473812-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_NXPI_20251218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NXPI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $NXPI 1 day after a corporate insider (Micallef Andrew  (CIK 0001341767)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NXPI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NXPI","filer":"Micallef Andrew  (CIK 0001341767)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001341767-25-000015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_UBER_20250115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson buy $UBER 1 day after a corporate insider (THAIN JOHN A  (CIK 0001090355)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"THAIN JOHN A  (CIK 0001090355)","filingDate":"2025-01-14","adsh":"0001562180-25-000369","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_ZTS_20250401","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ZTS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $ZTS 1 day after a corporate insider (PECK KRISTIN C  (CIK 0001488267)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"PECK KRISTIN C  (CIK 0001488267)","filingDate":"2025-03-31","adsh":"0001555280-25-000161","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_LW_20250115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $LW 1 day after a corporate insider (NIBLOCK ROBERT A  (CIK 0001219923)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LW","filer":"NIBLOCK ROBERT A  (CIK 0001219923)","filingDate":"2025-01-14","adsh":"0001679273-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_DHR_20251113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $DHR 1 day after a corporate insider (Couchara Georgeann  (CIK 0001877108)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHR","filer":"Couchara Georgeann  (CIK 0001877108)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0000313616-25-000200","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_XEL_20251218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $XEL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $XEL 1 day after a corporate insider (Hutchinson Maria Demaree  (CIK 0002097209)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XEL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XEL","filer":"Hutchinson Maria Demaree  (CIK 0002097209)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0000072903-25-000277","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_LLY_20250814","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $LLY 1 day after a corporate insider (Van Naarden Jacob  (CIK 0001661254)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Van Naarden Jacob  (CIK 0001661254)","filingDate":"2025-08-13","adsh":"0000059478-25-000218","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_MRK_20251113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $MRK 1 day after a corporate insider (Downing Cristal N  (CIK 0001879216)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Downing Cristal N  (CIK 0001879216)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0000310158-25-000061","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_WMT_20251218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $WMT 1 day after a corporate insider (Chojnowski David  (CIK 0001502438)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Chojnowski David  (CIK 0001502438)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001502438-25-000015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_DE_20251113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $DE 1 day after a corporate insider (Bain Capital Partners XII, LLC  (CIK 0001830424)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Bain Capital Partners XII, LLC  (CIK 0001830424)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0001193125-25-278400","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_DE_20250814","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $DE 1 day after a corporate insider (Cortina Gallardo Juan Antonio Carlos  (CIK 0002081154)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Cortina Gallardo Juan Antonio Carlos  (CIK 0002081154)","filingDate":"2025-08-13","adsh":"0001225208-25-007234","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_STX_20251113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $STX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $STX 1 day after a corporate insider (Arumugavelu Shankar  (CIK 0001854908)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STX","filer":"Arumugavelu Shankar  (CIK 0001854908)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0001137789-25-000335","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_SJM_20250401","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SJM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $SJM 1 day after a corporate insider (Penrose Jill R  (CIK 0001611898)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SJM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SJM","filer":"Penrose Jill R  (CIK 0001611898)","filingDate":"2025-03-31","adsh":"0000091419-25-000022","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_NSC_20250225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NSC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $NSC 1 day after a corporate insider (MONGEAU CLAUDE  (CIK 0001368278)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NSC","filer":"MONGEAU CLAUDE  (CIK 0001368278)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0001225208-25-002246","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_MSFT_20251218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2025-12-16","adsh":"0000789019-25-000132","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_TSLA_20250212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $TSLA 2 days after a corporate insider (Musk Kimbal  (CIK 0001494731)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Musk Kimbal  (CIK 0001494731)","filingDate":"2025-02-10","adsh":"0001494731-25-000001","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_LLY_20251218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $LLY 2 days after a corporate insider (LUCIANO JUAN R  (CIK 0001455792)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"LUCIANO JUAN R  (CIK 0001455792)","filingDate":"2025-12-16","adsh":"0000059478-25-000275","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_MS_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $MS 2 days after a corporate insider (Olivo Alicia C  (CIK 0001951869)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"Olivo Alicia C  (CIK 0001951869)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001077183-25-000106","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_ETN_20250814","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ETN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $ETN 2 days after a corporate insider (Johnson Gerald  (CIK 0001772226)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"Johnson Gerald  (CIK 0001772226)","filingDate":"2025-08-12","adsh":"0001104659-25-076843","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_BK_20250814","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BK 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $BK 2 days after a corporate insider (SUN LIFE FINANCIAL INC  (SLF, SLFIF, SLFQF, SUNFF)  (CIK 0001097362)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BK","filer":"SUN LIFE FINANCIAL INC  (SLF, SLFIF, SLFQF, SUNFF)  (CIK 0001097362)","filingDate":"2025-08-12","adsh":"0000945621-25-000744","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_WMT_20250117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $WMT 2 days after a corporate insider (Kumar Suresh  (CIK 0001781198)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Kumar Suresh  (CIK 0001781198)","filingDate":"2025-01-15","adsh":"0001127602-25-001248","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_COP_20251218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $COP 2 days after a corporate insider (Connors Nelda J  (CIK 0001478748)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COP","filer":"Connors Nelda J  (CIK 0001478748)","filingDate":"2025-12-16","adsh":"0001193125-25-321298","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_STX_20251218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $STX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $STX 2 days after a corporate insider (Morris John Christopher  (CIK 0001988271)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STX","filer":"Morris John Christopher  (CIK 0001988271)","filingDate":"2025-12-16","adsh":"0001137789-25-000373","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000310_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+27 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Julie Johnson accumulated 52 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 27 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":27,"totalRaw":52}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_DIS_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DIS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $DIS 1 day before a corporate insider (Darroch Jeremy  (CIK 0001871286)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Darroch Jeremy  (CIK 0001871286)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001744489-25-000085"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_BX_20250814","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $BX 1 day before a corporate insider (SCHWARZMAN STEPHEN A  (CIK 0001070844)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"SCHWARZMAN STEPHEN A  (CIK 0001070844)","filingDate":"2025-08-15","adsh":"0000950170-25-109496"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_BAC_20251113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BAC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $BAC 1 day before a corporate insider (Athanasia Dean C  (CIK 0001618705)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"Athanasia Dean C  (CIK 0001618705)","filingDate":"2025-11-14","adsh":"0000070858-25-000457"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_WDAY_20250407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WDAY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $WDAY 1 day before a corporate insider (Rowe Zane  (CIK 0001444158)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WDAY","filer":"Rowe Zane  (CIK 0001444158)","filingDate":"2025-04-08","adsh":"0001327811-25-000085"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_PLD_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PLD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $PLD 1 day before a corporate insider (Connor James B.  (CIK 0001507648)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"Connor James B.  (CIK 0001507648)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0000950170-25-049851"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_CEG_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CEG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $CEG 1 day before a corporate insider (Harrington Charles L.  (CIK 0001588300)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CEG","filer":"Harrington Charles L.  (CIK 0001588300)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0000905148-25-001053"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_CMCSA_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $CMCSA 1 day before a corporate insider (Baltimore Thomas J Jr  (CIK 0001390946)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Baltimore Thomas J Jr  (CIK 0001390946)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001225208-25-003901"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_CI_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $CI 1 day before a corporate insider (Crestview IV VC TE Holdings, LLC  (CIK 0001818686)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CI","filer":"Crestview IV VC TE Holdings, LLC  (CIK 0001818686)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0000950142-25-000614"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_CVX_20250721","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CVX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson buy $CVX 1 day before a corporate insider (Booth Thomas Ryder  (CIK 0002071610)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"Booth Thomas Ryder  (CIK 0002071610)","filingDate":"2025-07-22","adsh":"0001127602-25-019500"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_EA_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $EA 1 day before a corporate insider (Miele Laura  (CIK 0001670477)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EA","filer":"Miele Laura  (CIK 0001670477)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-25-011185"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_FCX_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FCX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $FCX 1 day before a corporate insider (GRANT HUGH  (CIK 0001083211)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCX","filer":"GRANT HUGH  (CIK 0001083211)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001214659-25-005336"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_FCX_20250212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FCX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson buy $FCX 1 day before a corporate insider (Mikes Ellie L.  (CIK 0001936237)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCX","filer":"Mikes Ellie L.  (CIK 0001936237)","filingDate":"2025-02-13","adsh":"0001214659-25-002589"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_ON_20250212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ON 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson buy $ON 1 day before a corporate insider (Sullivan Robert M  (CIK 0001697869)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ON","filer":"Sullivan Robert M  (CIK 0001697869)","filingDate":"2025-02-13","adsh":"0001593968-25-000206"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_DLTR_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DLTR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $DLTR 1 day before a corporate insider (NAYLOR JEFFREY G  (CIK 0001191210)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DLTR","filer":"NAYLOR JEFFREY G  (CIK 0001191210)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-25-010966"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_ENPH_20250115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ENPH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson buy $ENPH 1 day before a corporate insider (Erginsoy Mary  (CIK 0002022111)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENPH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENPH","filer":"Erginsoy Mary  (CIK 0002022111)","filingDate":"2025-01-16","adsh":"0001463101-25-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_TECH_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TECH 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $TECH 2 days before a corporate insider (YY Tech Inc  (CIK 0002026188)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TECH","filer":"YY Tech Inc  (CIK 0002026188)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0001641172-25-002639"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_LHX_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LHX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $LHX 2 days before a corporate insider (Regnery David S  (CIK 0001715932)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"Regnery David S  (CIK 0001715932)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0000202058-25-000062"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_HSY_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HSY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $HSY 2 days before a corporate insider (Perez Juan R.  (CIK 0001665986)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HSY","filer":"Perez Juan R.  (CIK 0001665986)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-25-011355"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_COP_20250115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson buy $COP 2 days before a corporate insider (Connors Nelda J  (CIK 0001478748)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COP","filer":"Connors Nelda J  (CIK 0001478748)","filingDate":"2025-01-17","adsh":"0000950170-25-006634"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_BA_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $BA 2 days before a corporate insider (Pope Stephanie F  (CIK 0001920795)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Pope Stephanie F  (CIK 0001920795)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0001225208-25-004029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_SJM_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SJM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $SJM 2 days before a corporate insider (Abramo Mercedes  (CIK 0001990442)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SJM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SJM","filer":"Abramo Mercedes  (CIK 0001990442)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0000091419-25-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_EIX_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EIX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $EIX 2 days before a corporate insider (Granholm Jennifer M  (CIK 0001516833)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EIX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EIX","filer":"Granholm Jennifer M  (CIK 0001516833)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0001415889-25-009893"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_JNPR_20250212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $JNPR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $JNPR 2 days before a corporate insider (Kaddaras Christopher Nicholas Jr  (CIK 0001852898)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNPR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNPR","filer":"Kaddaras Christopher Nicholas Jr  (CIK 0001852898)","filingDate":"2025-02-14","adsh":"0001043604-25-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_ACN_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $ACN 3 days before a corporate insider (Walsh John F  (CIK 0001792845)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Walsh John F  (CIK 0001792845)","filingDate":"2025-03-06","adsh":"0001467373-25-000090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_NEE_20250401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Julie Johnson sell $NEE 3 days before a corporate insider (YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0001020710-25-000058"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000310_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+58 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Julie Johnson accumulated 83 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 58 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":58,"totalRaw":83}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_J000310_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_118676","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 8 days before a Telecom hearing in House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Transportation and Maritime Security","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Transportation and Maritime Security, which on 2025-11-20 held a hearing titled \"“Securing Global Communications: An Examination of Foreign Adversary Threats to Subsea Cable Infrastructure”\" — classified as Telecom sector. The member sell $CMCSA (a Telecom-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Transportation and Maritime Security","eventId":"118676","title":"“Securing Global Communications: An Examination of Foreign Adversary Threats to Subsea Cable Infrastructure”","date":"2025-11-20T15:00:00Z","sector":"Telecom","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118676"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","sector":"Telecom","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","sector":"Telecom","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118676","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_118554","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $XOM 12 days after a Energy hearing in House Homeland Security","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on House Homeland Security, which on 2025-09-03 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 1736, (Mr. Pfluger) the “Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act”; H.R. 2212, (Mr. Mackenzie) the “DHS Intelligence Rotational Assi…\" — classified as Energy sector. The member sell $XOM (a Energy-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Homeland Security","eventId":"118554","title":"H.R. 1736, (Mr. Pfluger) the “Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act”; H.R. 2212, (Mr. Mackenzie) the “DHS Intelligence Rotational Assignment Program and Law Enforcement Support Act”; H.R. 2259, (Mr. Tony Gonzales of Texas) the “National Strategy for School Security Act of 2025”; H.R. 2261, (Mr. Hernández) the “Strengthening Oversight of DHS Intelligence Act”; H.R. 5062, (Ms. Johnson of Texas) the “Pipeline Security Act”; H.R. 5078, (Mr. Ogles) the “Protecting Information by Local Leaders for Agency Resilience Act” or “PILLAR Act”; H.R. 5079, (Mr. Garbarino) the “Widespread Information Management for the Welfare of Infrastructure and Government Act”;","date":"2025-09-03T14:00:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118554"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118554","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_118444","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 6 days after a Technology hearing in Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection, which on 2025-07-22 held a hearing titled \"“Fully Operational: Stuxnet 15 Years Later and the Evolution of Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure.”\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","eventId":"118444","title":"“Fully Operational: Stuxnet 15 Years Later and the Evolution of Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure.”","date":"2025-07-22T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118444"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118444","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_118436","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MRK 13 days before a Pharma hearing in House Homeland Security","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on House Homeland Security, which on 2025-06-25 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 3965, (Mr. Tony Gonzales of TX) the “Providing Emotional Assistance with Relief and Love Act” or \"PEARL Act\"; H.R. 4057, (Mr. Correa) t…\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member buy $MRK (a Pharma-sector stock) 13 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Homeland Security","eventId":"118436","title":"H.R. 3965, (Mr. Tony Gonzales of TX) the “Providing Emotional Assistance with Relief and Love Act” or \"PEARL Act\"; H.R. 4057, (Mr. Correa) the \"CBP Canine Home Kenneling Pilot Act\"; H.R. 4058, (Mr. Goldman of NY) the \"Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act\"; H.R. 4070, (Mr. Knott) the \"Tren de Aragua Border Security Threat Assessment Act\"; and H.R. 4071, (Mr. Guest) the \"Combatting International Drug Trafficking and Human Smuggling Partnership Act of 2025\"","date":"2025-06-25T14:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118436"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118436","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_118149","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GD 14 days before a Defense hearing in Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection, which on 2025-05-15 held a hearing titled \"“In Defense of Defensive Measures: Reauthorizing Cybersecurity Information Sharing Activities that Underpin U.S. National Cyber Defense”\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","eventId":"118149","title":"“In Defense of Defensive Measures: Reauthorizing Cybersecurity Information Sharing Activities that Underpin U.S. National Cyber Defense”","date":"2025-05-15T18:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118149"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118149","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_118070","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 3 days before a Technology hearing in House Homeland Security","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on House Homeland Security, which on 2025-04-09 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 275, (Ms. Greene of Georgia) the “Special Interest Alien Reporting Act of 2024”; H.R. 820, (Mr. Swalwell) the “Bottles and Breastfeedin…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $AMZN (a Technology-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Homeland Security","eventId":"118070","title":"H.R. 275, (Ms. Greene of Georgia) the “Special Interest Alien Reporting Act of 2024”; H.R. 820, (Mr. Swalwell) the “Bottles and Breastfeeding Equipment Screening Enhancement Act”; H.R. 881, (Mr. Pfluger) the “DHS Restrictions on Confucius Institutes and Chinese Entities of Concern Act”; H.R. 1327, (Mr. Luttrell) the “Syria Terrorism Threat Assessment Act”;  H.R. 1508, (Ms. Titus) the “DHS Special Events Program and Support Act”; H.R. 1569, (Mr. Higgins of Louisiana) the “Contraband Awareness Technology Catches Harmful Fentanyl Act” or the “CATCH Fentanyl Act”; H.R. 1608, (Mr. Gimenez) the “Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025”; H.R. 2116, (Mr. Evans of Colorado) the “Law Enforcement Support and Counter Transnational Repression Act”; H.R. 2139, (Mr. Magaziner) the “Strengthening State and Local Efforts to Counter Transnational Repression Act”; H.R. 2158, (Mr. Pfluger) the “Countering Transnational Repression Act of 2025”; H.R. 2285, (Ms. Pou) the “DHS Basic Training Accreditation Improvement Act of 2025”; and, H.R. 2659, (Mr. Ogles) the “Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act”","date":"2025-04-09T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118070"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118070","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_117906","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 9 days before a Technology hearing in Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"“Regulatory Harm or Harmonization? Examining the Opportunity to Improve the Cyber Regulatory Regime.”\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $GOOGL (a Technology-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","eventId":"117906","title":"“Regulatory Harm or Harmonization? Examining the Opportunity to Improve the Cyber Regulatory Regime.”","date":"2025-03-11T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117906"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117906","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_117900","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 4 days after a Technology hearing in House Homeland Security","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on House Homeland Security, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"Consideration of the Oversight Plan for the Committee on Homeland Security for the 119th Congress; H.R. 1000, (Mr. Green of TN) the \"Cyber P…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $GOOGL (a Technology-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Homeland Security","eventId":"117900","title":"Consideration of the Oversight Plan for the Committee on Homeland Security for the 119th Congress; H.R. 1000, (Mr. Green of TN) the \"Cyber PIVOTT Act\"; H. Res. 113, (Mr. Thompson of MS) Directing the Secretary of Homeland Security to transmit to the House of Representatives certain documents relating to Department of Homeland Security policies and activities related to the security of Department information and data and the recruitment and retention of its workforce; and H. Res. 114, (Mr. Thompson of MS) Directing the Secretary of Homeland Security to transmit to the House of Representatives certain documents relating to Department of Homeland Security policies and activities related to domestic preparedness and collective response to terrorism and the Department's cybersecurity activities.","date":"2025-02-26T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117900"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117900","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_J000310_117770","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INTU 5 days after a Technology hearing in House Homeland Security","explanation":"Julie Johnson sits on House Homeland Security, which on 2025-01-22 held a hearing titled \"\"Unconstrained Actors: Assessing Global Cyber Threats to the Homeland\"\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $INTU (a Technology-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Homeland Security","eventId":"117770","title":"\"Unconstrained Actors: Assessing Global Cyber Threats to the Homeland\"","date":"2025-01-22T15:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117770"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117770","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_J000310_UPS","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $UPS — UPS's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Julie Johnson executed 3 reported trades in $UPS (UPS). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","parent":"UPS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-01"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","parent":"UPS","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=UNITED%20PARCEL%20SERVICE%20INC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=UNITED%20PARCEL%20SERVICE%20INC.%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_J000310_CVX","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 trades in $CVX — CHEVRON's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Julie Johnson executed 6 reported trades in $CVX (CHEVRON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","parent":"CHEVRON","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-14"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","parent":"CHEVRON","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CHEVRON%20EMPLOYEES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20CHEVRON%20CORPORATION"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CHEVRON%20EMPLOYEES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20CHEVRON%20CORPORATION","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_J000310","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $155,000","explanation":"Julie Johnson received campaign contributions totaling $155,000 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 25 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($10,000); TEXAS MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":155000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TEXAS MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_J000310_2025-03-31","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"132 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-03-31 — 126 unique tickers","explanation":"Julie Johnson executed 132 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-03-31 to 2025-04-07), spanning 126 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-03-31","windowEnd":"2025-04-07","tradeCount":132,"uniqueTickers":126,"totalDisclosedTrades":499,"sampleTickers":["AAPL","KDP","FDS","SMCI","FCX","APTV","CVS","MMM","LOW","UPS"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_J000310","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 114 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Julie Johnson appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 114 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (25); hearing proximity trade (9); trade near vote (7).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":114,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":25},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/J000310","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_J000310","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Johnson's campaign paid $80,019,491 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415)","explanation":"Julie Johnson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 85 payments totaling $80,019,491 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415 across 56 payments, services: MEDIA BUY · MEDIA · MEDIA PURCHASE). Cycles covered: 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":80019490.8,"paymentCount":85,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","MEDIA","MEDIA PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","ISSUE ORIENTED MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA TV BUY"]},{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS"]}],"surname":"johnson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4TX32089&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P139_J000310","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Julie Johnson filed 242 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 93 distinct tickers, 19 buys, 223 sells","explanation":"Julie Johnson filed 242 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 19 were buy transactions and 223 were sells, spanning 93 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":242,"distinctTickers":93,"buys":19,"sells":223,"sampleTickers":["ADI","NEE","XEL","HD","DHR","CARR","PKG","WFC","BAC","COP","UNP","RSG"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_J000310","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Johnson executed 16 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY CARR (1d apart)","explanation":"Julie Johnson has 16 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY CARR 2025-10-06 → 2025-10-07 (1d) · BUY→SELL PKG 2025-08-04 → 2025-08-14 (10d) · BUY→SELL GOOG 2025-10-31 → 2025-11-13 (13d) · BUY→SELL CME 2025-08-11 → 2025-08-14 (3d) · BUY→SELL BK 2025-07-18 → 2025-08-14 (27d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":16,"samples":[{"ticker":"CARR","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-10-06","date2":"2025-10-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PKG","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-08-04","date2":"2025-08-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-10-31","date2":"2025-11-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CME","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-08-11","date2":"2025-08-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BK","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-07-18","date2":"2025-08-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CVX","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-07-25","date2":"2025-08-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PEP","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-01-15","date2":"2025-01-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CI","days":16,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-03-03","date2":"2025-03-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_J000310","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Johnson's PAC funding concentrates 51% in Technology ($0.13M / $0.25M classified)","explanation":"Julie Johnson's PAC donors concentrate 51% in the Technology industry — $0.13M of $0.25M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.13M · Healthcare $0.04M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.13,"totalPacAmountM":0.25,"concentrationPct":51.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.13,"Healthcare":0.04,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX32089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_J000310","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Johnson triggers 44 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Julie Johnson accumulates 44 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":44,"distinctDetectorTypes":22}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_J000310_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Johnson — 76 trades on 2025-04-01","explanation":"Julie Johnson disclosed 76 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-04-01). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-04-01","count":76}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_J000310","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Julie Johnson — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (499/499)","explanation":"Julie Johnson's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":499,"atBracket":499,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_J000310","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Johnson — 227 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Julie Johnson has traded 227 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":227,"sample":["ADI","NEE","XEL","HD","DHR","CARR","PKG","WFC","BAC","COP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_J000310","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julie Johnson — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Julie Johnson has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["PLTR","UBER"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"T000278":[{"id":"P1_T000278_w2ofvy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 2154 — \"American Cybersecurity Literacy Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 2154 \"American Cybersecurity Literacy Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-12-17","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2154","title":"American Cybersecurity Literacy Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-17","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202154"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_h3z8im","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOGL 0d BEFORE HR 5288 — \"AI Sovereignty Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5288 \"AI Sovereignty Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-10-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5288","title":"AI Sovereignty Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205288"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_drwq7m","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 5288 — \"AI Sovereignty Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5288 \"AI Sovereignty Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-10-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5288","title":"AI Sovereignty Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205288"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_erceiy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 5288 — \"AI Sovereignty Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5288 \"AI Sovereignty Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-10-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5288","title":"AI Sovereignty Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205288"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_uqvmqm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ORCL 0d BEFORE HR 5288 — \"AI Sovereignty Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ORCL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5288 \"AI Sovereignty Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2025-10-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5288","title":"AI Sovereignty Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205288"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_uqsbsj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GS 0d BEFORE S 151 — \"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Go…\"","explanation":"Member traded GS (Finance) within 0 days of S 151 \"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Goods Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 151","title":"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Goods Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20151"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_wvy70r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MA 0d BEFORE S 151 — \"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Go…\"","explanation":"Member traded MA (Finance) within 0 days of S 151 \"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Goods Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 151","title":"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Goods Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20151"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_t36q7o","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOGL 0d BEFORE HR 533 — \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 533 \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 533","title":"Bank Privacy Reform Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20533"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_rwwg71","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LLY 6d BEFORE HR 5710 — \"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Rep…\" · sponsor R-KY","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 6 days of HR 5710 \"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Reauthorization Act of \", sponsored by Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5710","title":"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Reauthorization Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-04-21","daysDiff":-6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1]","sponsorBioguide":"W000413","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"KY","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205710"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_3u9rej","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PYPL 0d BEFORE HR 533 — \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PYPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 533 \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 533","title":"Bank Privacy Reform Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20533"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_2co7wj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMGN 6d BEFORE HR 5710 — \"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Rep…\" · sponsor R-KY","explanation":"Member traded AMGN (Pharma) within 6 days of HR 5710 \"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Reauthorization Act of \", sponsored by Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5710","title":"National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Reauthorization Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-04-21","daysDiff":-6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Whitfield, Ed [R-KY-1]","sponsorBioguide":"W000413","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"KY","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205710"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_mgdkma","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL DUK 0d BEFORE HR 10019 — \"To amend the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Ac…\"","explanation":"Member traded DUK (Energy) within 0 days of HR 10019 \"To amend the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to require States to\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 10019","title":"To amend the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 to require States to consider prohibiting cost recovery rela","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2010019"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_i01g6s","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 533 — \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 533 \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 533","title":"Bank Privacy Reform Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20533"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_6kqul8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 533 — \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 533 \"Bank Privacy Reform Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 533","title":"Bank Privacy Reform Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20533"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_ealtn4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ADM 5d after HR 2106 — \"To amend section 100905 of title 54, United States…\"","explanation":"Member traded ADM (Agriculture) within 5 days of HR 2106 \"To amend section 100905 of title 54, United States Code, to direct the Secretary\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADM","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2106","title":"To amend section 100905 of title 54, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Ag","introducedDate":"2025-04-10","daysDiff":5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202106"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_j3u6cm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CSX 0d BEFORE HR 10233 — \"To amend title 49, United States Code, to clarify…\"","explanation":"Member traded CSX (Transportation) within 0 days of HR 10233 \"To amend title 49, United States Code, to clarify that noise abatement and lead \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 10233","title":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to clarify that noise abatement and lead abatement are not unjust discrimination ","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2010233"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_e062rs","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JPM 0d BEFORE S 151 — \"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Go…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of S 151 \"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Goods Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-04-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 151","title":"Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Goods Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20151"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_3oxh61","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TXN 0d BEFORE HR 9126 — \"Digital Social Platform Transparency Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TXN (Technology) within 0 days of HR 9126 \"Digital Social Platform Transparency Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-01-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 9126","title":"Digital Social Platform Transparency Act","introducedDate":"2025-01-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%209126"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_fesof3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL INTC 7d BEFORE HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 7 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2024-05-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":-7,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_yose","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL INTC 10d BEFORE HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 10 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2024-05-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":-10,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_55bdnc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY INTC 11d BEFORE HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 11 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2024-05-09","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":-11,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_nob3ev","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY INTC 12d BEFORE HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 12 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2024-05-08","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":-12,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_ij6hi2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY INTC 13d BEFORE HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 13 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2024-05-07","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_nfbf1c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL CVX 10d BEFORE HJRES 88 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded CVX (Energy) within 10 days of HJRES 88 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2024-04-30","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 88","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Sec","introducedDate":"2024-05-10","daysDiff":-10}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2088"]},{"id":"P1_T000278_dnq3kh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL XOM 10d BEFORE HJRES 88 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded XOM (Energy) within 10 days of HJRES 88 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2024-04-30","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 88","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Sec","introducedDate":"2024-05-10","daysDiff":-10}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2088"]},{"id":"P6_T000278_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$581,484 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $581,484 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":581484.2000000001,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_T000278_tz9udj","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$319,517 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from GRIT PAC","explanation":"GRIT PAC spent $319,517 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00717421","name":"GRIT PAC","support":319517,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00717421/"]},{"id":"P7_T000278_e07i6j","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,214,920 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,214,920 opposing this member across 132 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7214919.96,"totalSupport":1307750.8499999996,"events":132,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":7117919.96},{"name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR ALABAMA","oppose":87000},{"name":"Reproductive Freedom For All Freedom Fund","oppose":10000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_T000278_kcktmh","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $803,340 / spent $642,634","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00762260","cmteName":"COACH PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00762260","cmteName":"COACH PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":232599.2,"totalDisbursements":159497.8,"cashOnHand":73101.42},{"cmteId":"C00762260","cmteName":"COACH PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":321809.2,"totalDisbursements":307389,"cashOnHand":87521.61},{"cmteId":"C00762260","cmteName":"COACH PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":248931.6,"totalDisbursements":175747,"cashOnHand":160706.19}],"totalRaised":803340,"totalSpent":642633.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_T000278_5pctr5","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $8,485,402 in itemized individual contributions, $5,776,299 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":8485402,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-366585,"$200.01-$499":534683,"$500-$999":833069,"$1000-$1999":1707936,"$2000 and over":5776299},"megaShare":68.1,"smallDonorShare":-4.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_T000278_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9304 employees of RETIRED gave $1,724,849 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9304× RETIRED = $1,724,849. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":9304,"total":1724849,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000278_mvd3s3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$253,427 donation spike on 2025-07-22 — 25.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-07-22 this committee recorded $253,427 across 106 contributions — 25.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,790.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701672","date":"2025-07-22","amount":253427,"count":106,"baseline":9790,"ratio":25.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/"]},{"id":"P15_T000278_p876zm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$235,730 donation spike on 2020-09-08 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-08 this committee recorded $235,730 across 171 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $38,496.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701672","date":"2020-09-08","amount":235730,"count":171,"baseline":38496,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/"]},{"id":"P15_T000278_70kx34","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$122,750 donation spike on 2019-06-30 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-30 this committee recorded $122,750 across 84 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,099.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701672","date":"2019-06-30","amount":122750,"count":84,"baseline":12099,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/"]},{"id":"P15_T000278_70kx2g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,550 donation spike on 2019-06-27 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-27 this committee recorded $81,550 across 63 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,860.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701672","date":"2019-06-27","amount":81550,"count":63,"baseline":7860,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/"]},{"id":"P15_T000278_xhrzoi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,310 donation spike on 2024-10-31 — 13.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-31 this committee recorded $79,310 across 574 contributions — 13.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,755.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701672","date":"2024-10-31","amount":79310,"count":574,"baseline":5755,"ratio":13.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/"]},{"id":"P15_T000278_isv6te","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,700 donation spike on 2023-02-24 — 21.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-02-24 this committee recorded $70,700 across 29 contributions — 21.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,296.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701672","date":"2023-02-24","amount":70700,"count":29,"baseline":3296,"ratio":21.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/"]},{"id":"P15_T000278_ajwqmd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,500 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 18.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $64,500 across 53 contributions — 18.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,480.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701672","date":"2021-03-31","amount":64500,"count":53,"baseline":3480,"ratio":18.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/"]},{"id":"P15_T000278_xhdxyv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,519 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 18.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $63,519 across 394 contributions — 18.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,481.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701672","date":"2024-09-30","amount":63519,"count":394,"baseline":3481,"ratio":18.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/"]},{"id":"P17_T000278_CSX_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CSX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on CSX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CSX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_QCOM_2021-05-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-05-28 and 2021-06-02, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2021-05-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"}],"span":"2021-05-28 to 2021-06-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_QCOM_2022-01-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-11 and 2022-01-18, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2022-01-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2022-01-11 to 2022-01-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_F_2021-11-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-11-02 and 2021-11-05, 3 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2021-11-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000593","name":"Ed Perlmutter"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2021-11-02 to 2021-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_ABBV_2023-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ABBV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-04-03 and 2023-04-10, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ABBV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2023-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABBV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-04-03 to 2023-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_TXN_2023-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-04-03 and 2023-04-10, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2023-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"B001248","name":"Michael C. Burgess"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2023-04-03 to 2023-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_LLY_2024-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-04-03 and 2024-04-10, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2024-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2024-04-03 to 2024-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_LLY_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 4 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_LLY_2025-04-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-09 and 2025-04-15, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2025-04-09 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_GNRC_2021-09-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GNRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-09-30 and 2021-10-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GNRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","date":"2021-09-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GNRC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"L000559","name":"James R. Langevin"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2021-09-30 to 2021-10-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_LMT_2022-01-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-14 and 2022-01-21, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2022-01-14 to 2022-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_LMT_2022-01-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-18 and 2022-01-21, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2022-01-18 to 2022-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000278_BABA_2021-01-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-01-22 and 2021-01-28, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-01-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"N000192","name":"Marie Newman"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"}],"span":"2021-01-22 to 2021-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000278_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"243 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tommy Tuberville executed 243 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-12-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-12-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-10-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-10-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Modification of the West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Inseason Actions #6-#8","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-11-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Modification of the West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Inseason Actions #6-#8","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-11-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000278_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"43 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tommy Tuberville executed 43 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","date":"2024-10-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Investment Company Names; Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Investment Company Names; Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000278_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"48 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tommy Tuberville executed 48 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-10-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Buprenorphine Treatment via Telemedicine Encounter and Continuity of Care via Telemedicine for Veterans Aff","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Buprenorphine Treatment via Telemedicine Encounter and Continuity of Care via Telemedicine for Veterans Aff","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000278_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"40 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tommy Tuberville executed 40 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2024-05-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2024-04-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2024-04-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-03-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Chesapeake Bay, Approaches to Baltimore Harbor, MD","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000278_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tommy Tuberville executed 12 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2024-08-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ODFL","date":"2024-05-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-4,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2024-01-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-10-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Reciprocal Switching for Inadequate Service; Correction","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2024-08-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Reciprocal Switching for Inadequate Service","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2024-05-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000278_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tommy Tuberville executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2022-10-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2022-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulated Area; San Francisco Bay Navy Fleet Week Parade of Ships and Blue Angels Demonstration, San Francisco, CA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2022-09-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Exception to Competition for Certain Follow-On Production Contracts (","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2022-02-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000278_z93cj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville campaign paid $65,414,738 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: JONES DAY","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's campaign paid 135 disbursements totaling $65,414,738 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES DAY","total":33079866.40000001,"count":80,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":1998447.31,"date":"2019-04-02","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":1014704.39,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":950000,"date":"2024-08-07","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","total":16047051.340000002,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":4975772.54,"date":"2020-12-22","description":"RECOUNT: PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":3233764.7,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":2045740.8,"date":"2019-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","total":2826716.8,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":387369.26,"date":"2015-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":310000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"ONLINE ADS","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":276454.73,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"ADVERTISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BMO HARRIS","total":2610678.69,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":1100000,"date":"2024-07-09","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":999999,"date":"2024-08-29","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":510679.69,"date":"2024-09-19","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA","total":1779843.83,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":494831.39,"date":"2016-11-04","description":"INTERNET ADVERTISING AND WEBSITE CONSULT","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":385753.72,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING AND WEBSIDE MANAGEMEN","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":372436.67,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING/.WEBSITE MGT.","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES - PERSONAL FUNDS, CHRISTINE","total":1502225.35,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES - PERSONAL FUNDS, CHRISTINE","amount":530000,"date":"2016-10-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JONES - PERSONAL FUNDS, CHRISTINE","amount":400000,"date":"2016-10-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JONES - PERSONAL FUNDS, CHRISTINE","amount":325000,"date":"2016-10-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JONES%20DAY"]},{"id":"P23_T000278_fxhxoc","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63 trades in CLF (Other) — 6% of this member's 1042 total trades","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"CLF","count":63,"buys":26,"sells":37,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2021-01-21","lastDate":"2024-05-13"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"X","count":41,"buys":10,"sells":31,"sector":"Industrial","firstDate":"2021-05-06","lastDate":"2023-11-07"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"PYPL","count":37,"buys":17,"sells":20,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2021-03-29","lastDate":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"QCOM","count":26,"buys":13,"sells":13,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2021-03-29","lastDate":"2024-04-29"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"INTC","count":25,"buys":14,"sells":11,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2021-01-04","lastDate":"2024-05-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_T000278_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57% of PAC dollars ($225,421) come from Party industry","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":225420.93,"share":57.4,"totalPAC":392395.63999999996,"pacCount":25},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":225420.93,"share":57.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":55034.86,"share":14},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":25000,"share":6.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"RealEstate","amount":16600,"share":4.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_T000278_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with AL R delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TUBERVILLE, Thomas Hawley (Tommy) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000278","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 99 total findings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":99,"highSeverityCount":20,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_T000278_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+37 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville accumulated 62 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 37 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 37 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":37,"totalRaw":62,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":37,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000278"]},{"id":"P40_T000278_ADBE_20240601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in ADBE 24 days before FTC action","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville traded ADBE within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2024-06-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against Adobe and Executives for Hiding Fees, Preventing Consumers from Easily Cancelling Software Subscriptions","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/06/ftc-takes-action-against-adobe-executives-hiding-fees-preventing-consumers-easily-cancelling"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/06/ftc-takes-action-against-adobe-executives-hiding-fees-preventing-consumers-easily-cancelling"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_AAPL_20251217","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2025-Q4 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a sell in AAPL during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_CVX_20240430","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2024-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a sell in CVX during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-30","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_XOM_20240430","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2024-Q2 while EXXONMOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a sell in XOM during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-30","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_AAPL_20240119","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2024-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a sell in AAPL during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_CVX_20231214","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2023-Q4 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a buy in CVX during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_CVX_20231213","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2023-Q4 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a buy in CVX during 2023-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-13","quarter":"2023-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_MSFT_20230620","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2023-Q2 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a sell in MSFT during 2023-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-20","quarter":"2023-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_MSFT_20221122","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2022-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a sell in MSFT during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-22","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_MSFT_20221013","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2022-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a buy in MSFT during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-13","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_XOM_20221006","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2022-Q4 while EXXON MOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a buy in XOM during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-06","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_MSFT_20221005","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2022-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a sell in MSFT during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-05","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_MSFT_20220919","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2022-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a buy in MSFT during 2022-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-19","quarter":"2022-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000278_AAPL_20211222","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q4 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-22","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_NDAQ_20240404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NDAQ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $NDAQ 1 day after a corporate insider (Brothers Brendan  (CIK 0001962512)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NDAQ","filer":"Brothers Brendan  (CIK 0001962512)","filingDate":"2024-04-03","adsh":"0000950170-24-041261","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_GOOG_20220330","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2022-03-29","adsh":"0001209191-22-021552","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_ABBV_20240403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABBV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $ABBV 1 day after a corporate insider (Alpern Robert J  (CIK 0001448074)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"Alpern Robert J  (CIK 0001448074)","filingDate":"2024-04-02","adsh":"0001415889-24-009802","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_ADBE_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $ADBE 1 day after a corporate insider (Durn Daniel  (CIK 0001610062)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Durn Daniel  (CIK 0001610062)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0000796343-24-000236","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_NVDA_20220608","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)","filingDate":"2022-06-07","adsh":"0001045810-22-000090","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_INTC_20230818","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $INTC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $INTC 1 day after a corporate insider (GELSINGER PATRICK P  (CIK 0001316331)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"GELSINGER PATRICK P  (CIK 0001316331)","filingDate":"2023-08-17","adsh":"0001127602-23-022857","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_PYPL_20220209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $PYPL 1 day after a corporate insider (Yeary Frank D  (CIK 0001458902)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Yeary Frank D  (CIK 0001458902)","filingDate":"2022-02-08","adsh":"0001633917-22-000031","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_AMAT_20240404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $AMAT 1 day after a corporate insider (Sanders Adam  (CIK 0002014019)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Sanders Adam  (CIK 0002014019)","filingDate":"2024-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-24-012355","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_TRV_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TRV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $TRV 1 day after a corporate insider (Third Rock Ventures V, L.P.  (CIK 0001778071)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRV","filer":"Third Rock Ventures V, L.P.  (CIK 0001778071)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0000950170-24-117772","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_REGN_20240404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $REGN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $REGN 1 day after a corporate insider (McCourt Marion  (CIK 0001663758)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"REGN","filer":"McCourt Marion  (CIK 0001663758)","filingDate":"2024-04-03","adsh":"0001968202-24-000089","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_BMY_20240403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BMY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $BMY 1 day after a corporate insider (Arduini Peter J  (CIK 0001323134)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BMY","filer":"Arduini Peter J  (CIK 0001323134)","filingDate":"2024-04-02","adsh":"0000014272-24-000080","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_GILD_20240510","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GILD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $GILD 1 day after a corporate insider (Rodriguez Javier  (CIK 0001415548)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GILD","filer":"Rodriguez Javier  (CIK 0001415548)","filingDate":"2024-05-09","adsh":"0001127602-24-014816","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_AA_20210729","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $AA 1 day after a corporate insider (Genexine Inc.  (CIK 0001834377)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AA","filer":"Genexine Inc.  (CIK 0001834377)","filingDate":"2021-07-28","adsh":"0001209191-21-048448","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_AA_20210106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $AA 1 day after a corporate insider (Sky Ventures Ltd  (CIK 0001809279)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AA","filer":"Sky Ventures Ltd  (CIK 0001809279)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0000950103-21-000086","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_NOC_20221005","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NOC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $NOC 1 day after a corporate insider (Brown Marianne Catherine  (CIK 0001804183)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOC","filer":"Brown Marianne Catherine  (CIK 0001804183)","filingDate":"2022-10-04","adsh":"0001628280-22-025935","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_ELS_20221006","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ELS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $ELS 1 day after a corporate insider (ROSENBERG SHELI  Z  (CIK 0001198222)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELS","filer":"ROSENBERG SHELI  Z  (CIK 0001198222)","filingDate":"2022-10-05","adsh":"0001198222-22-000009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_VEEV_20210209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VEEV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $VEEV 1 day after a corporate insider (MATEO ALAN  (CIK 0001595244)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VEEV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VEEV","filer":"MATEO ALAN  (CIK 0001595244)","filingDate":"2021-02-08","adsh":"0001209191-21-008525","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_WU_20240404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $WU 1 day after a corporate insider (TALENT BOOM GROUP LTD  (CIK 0002004293)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WU","filer":"TALENT BOOM GROUP LTD  (CIK 0002004293)","filingDate":"2024-04-03","adsh":"0001857816-24-000073","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_CLF_20230428","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CLF 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $CLF 1 day after a corporate insider (Koci Keith  (CIK 0001316514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLF","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLF","filer":"Koci Keith  (CIK 0001316514)","filingDate":"2023-04-27","adsh":"0000764065-23-000087","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_GOLD_20240508","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOLD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $GOLD 1 day after a corporate insider (Myrmikan Gold Fund, LLC  (CIK 0001848738)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOLD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOLD","filer":"Myrmikan Gold Fund, LLC  (CIK 0001848738)","filingDate":"2024-05-07","adsh":"0001727689-24-000061","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_ECOM_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ECOM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $ECOM 1 day after a corporate insider (WILLIAMS TIMOTHY V  (CIK 0001072608)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ECOM","filer":"WILLIAMS TIMOTHY V  (CIK 0001072608)","filingDate":"2022-03-07","adsh":"0001209191-22-016611","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_CSCO_20221006","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CSCO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $CSCO 2 days after a corporate insider (Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)","filingDate":"2022-10-04","adsh":"0001127602-22-023363","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_MSFT_20210203","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)","filingDate":"2021-02-01","adsh":"0001760862-21-000009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_ADSK_20240119","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADSK 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $ADSK 2 days after a corporate insider (MCDOWELL MARY T  (CIK 0001114488)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADSK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADSK","filer":"MCDOWELL MARY T  (CIK 0001114488)","filingDate":"2024-01-17","adsh":"0000769397-24-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_ADBE_20240119","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $ADBE 2 days after a corporate insider (Rao Dana  (CIK 0001744048)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Rao Dana  (CIK 0001744048)","filingDate":"2024-01-17","adsh":"0000796343-24-000017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000278_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+56 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville accumulated 81 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 56 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":56,"totalRaw":81}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_GOOGL_20251217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Washington Robin L  (CIK 0001327145)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Washington Robin L  (CIK 0001327145)","filingDate":"2025-12-18","adsh":"0001193125-25-325042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_MSFT_20220919","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)","filingDate":"2022-09-20","adsh":"0001062993-22-019781"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_INTC_20240509","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $INTC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $INTC 1 day before a corporate insider (Goldsmith Andrea Jo  (CIK 0001730514)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"Goldsmith Andrea Jo  (CIK 0001730514)","filingDate":"2024-05-10","adsh":"0001127602-24-014987"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_PYPL_20250415","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PYPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $PYPL 1 day before a corporate insider (Scotti Diego  (CIK 0001621597)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Scotti Diego  (CIK 0001621597)","filingDate":"2025-04-16","adsh":"0001633917-25-000056"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_APD_20210930","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $APD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $APD 1 day before a corporate insider (CARTER SUSAN K  (CIK 0001238886)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APD","filer":"CARTER SUSAN K  (CIK 0001238886)","filingDate":"2021-10-01","adsh":"0001225208-21-012598"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_PFE_20240227","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PFE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $PFE 1 day before a corporate insider (McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)","filingDate":"2024-02-28","adsh":"0001225208-24-003205"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_DGX_20240103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DGX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $DGX 1 day before a corporate insider (RING TIMOTHY M  (CIK 0001204666)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DGX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DGX","filer":"RING TIMOTHY M  (CIK 0001204666)","filingDate":"2024-01-04","adsh":"0001022079-24-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_OXY_20221004","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $OXY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $OXY 1 day before a corporate insider (Kerrigan Sylvia J  (CIK 0001474828)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OXY","filer":"Kerrigan Sylvia J  (CIK 0001474828)","filingDate":"2022-10-05","adsh":"0001567619-22-018286"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_GILD_20240508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GILD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $GILD 1 day before a corporate insider (Rodriguez Javier  (CIK 0001415548)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GILD","filer":"Rodriguez Javier  (CIK 0001415548)","filingDate":"2024-05-09","adsh":"0001127602-24-014816"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_RH_20230403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $RH 1 day before a corporate insider (Malka Meyer  (CIK 0001571355)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RH","filer":"Malka Meyer  (CIK 0001571355)","filingDate":"2023-04-04","adsh":"0000899243-23-010498"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_X_20230105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $X 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $X 1 day before a corporate insider (NELSEN ROBERT  (CIK 0001219042)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"X","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"X","filer":"NELSEN ROBERT  (CIK 0001219042)","filingDate":"2023-01-06","adsh":"0001562180-23-000268"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_VEEV_20210209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VEEV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $VEEV 1 day before a corporate insider (Lequient Frederic  (CIK 0001670015)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VEEV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VEEV","filer":"Lequient Frederic  (CIK 0001670015)","filingDate":"2021-02-10","adsh":"0001209191-21-009261"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_WU_20240404","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WU 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $WU 1 day before a corporate insider (TALENT BOOM GROUP LTD  (CIK 0002004293)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WU","filer":"TALENT BOOM GROUP LTD  (CIK 0002004293)","filingDate":"2024-04-05","adsh":"0001857816-24-000075"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_CLF_20230105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CLF 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $CLF 1 day before a corporate insider (Koci Keith  (CIK 0001316514)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLF","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLF","filer":"Koci Keith  (CIK 0001316514)","filingDate":"2023-01-06","adsh":"0000764065-23-000023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_GOLD_20231212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOLD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $GOLD 1 day before a corporate insider (Oliver Daniel Jr  (CIK 0001965660)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOLD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOLD","filer":"Oliver Daniel Jr  (CIK 0001965660)","filingDate":"2023-12-13","adsh":"0001727689-23-000100"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_ECOM_20210830","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ECOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $ECOM 1 day before a corporate insider (Cowell Janet Raye  (CIK 0001668084)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ECOM","filer":"Cowell Janet Raye  (CIK 0001668084)","filingDate":"2021-08-31","adsh":"0001209191-21-054053"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_GOOG_20220330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $GOOG 2 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-04-01","adsh":"0001209191-22-022018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_F_20230814","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $F 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $F 2 days before a corporate insider (BTR 2020 GST Trust f/b/o Elisabeth M. Rankin  (CIK 0001837707)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"BTR 2020 GST Trust f/b/o Elisabeth M. Rankin  (CIK 0001837707)","filingDate":"2023-08-16","adsh":"0001127602-23-022751"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_ADBE_20210414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $ADBE 2 days before a corporate insider (Parasnis Abhay  (CIK 0001647550)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Parasnis Abhay  (CIK 0001647550)","filingDate":"2021-04-16","adsh":"0000796343-21-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_AVGO_20240403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AVGO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $AVGO 2 days before a corporate insider (Low Check Kian  (CIK 0001692615)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Low Check Kian  (CIK 0001692615)","filingDate":"2024-04-05","adsh":"0001730168-24-000045"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_AVGO_20230403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $AVGO 2 days before a corporate insider (FERNANDEZ RAUL J  (CIK 0001106627)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"FERNANDEZ RAUL J  (CIK 0001106627)","filingDate":"2023-04-05","adsh":"0001730168-23-000039"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_NVDA_20220615","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NVDA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $NVDA 2 days before a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2022-06-17","adsh":"0001045810-22-000121"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_PYPL_20220803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PYPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $PYPL 2 days before a corporate insider (Alford Peggy  (CIK 0001736236)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Alford Peggy  (CIK 0001736236)","filingDate":"2022-08-05","adsh":"0001633917-22-000139"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_PFE_20220112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PFE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville buy $PFE 2 days before a corporate insider (DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)","filingDate":"2022-01-14","adsh":"0001225208-22-000742"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_QCOM_20211026","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $QCOM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville sell $QCOM 2 days before a corporate insider (POLEK ERIN L  (CIK 0001760245)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"POLEK ERIN L  (CIK 0001760245)","filingDate":"2021-10-28","adsh":"0001888316-21-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000278_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+115 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville accumulated 140 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 115 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":115,"totalRaw":140}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_T000278_2022-02-14_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 24 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville delivered a 1417-word floor speech on 2022-02-14 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Presi- dent, it is no secret that Vladimir Putin longs to restore and rebuild part of the old Soviet Union. Putin wants Russia to be a superpower, and he knows what he is lacking. Russia is a on…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 24 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-02-14","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":1417,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Presi- dent, it is no secret that Vladimir Putin longs to restore and rebuild part of the old Soviet Union. Putin wants Russia to be a superpower, and he knows what he is lacking. Russia is a on","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/02/14/168/29/CREC-2022-02-14-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/02/14/168/29/CREC-2022-02-14-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_T000278_2021-12-15_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $RTX 30 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville delivered a 861-word floor speech on 2021-12-15 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. President, today I rise to highlight the 100th anni- versary of the 117th Air Refueling Wing based in Birmingham, AL, and to honor the patriotic men and women, past and present, of this storied Na…\"). The member sell $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 30 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-12-15","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":861,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. President, today I rise to highlight the 100th anni- versary of the 117th Air Refueling Wing based in Birmingham, AL, and to honor the patriotic men and women, past and present, of this storied Na","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/15/167/216/CREC-2021-12-15-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/15/167/216/CREC-2021-12-15-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_GOOGL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $GOOGL — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $GOOGL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $GOOGL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GOOGL","assetName":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GOOGL","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 17 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":17,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_PFE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $PFE — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $PFE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $PFE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PFE","assetName":"PFE - Pfizer Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PFE","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_UAA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $UAA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $UAA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $UAA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"UAA","assetName":"UAA - Under Armour, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"UAA","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_VZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $VZ — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $VZ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $VZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VZ","assetName":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VZ","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_QQQ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $QQQ — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $QQQ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $QQQ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"QQQ","assetName":"QQQ - Invesco QQQ Trust","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"QQQ","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-06"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_BMY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $BMY — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $BMY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $BMY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BMY","assetName":"BMY - Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BMY","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_ABNFX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $ABNFX — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $ABNFX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $ABNFX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ABNFX","assetName":"ABNFX - The Bond Fund of America Class F2","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ABNFX","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_ABBV","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $ABBV — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $ABBV on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $ABBV per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ABBV","assetName":"ABBV - AbbVie Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ABBV","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-03"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_ADBE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $ADBE — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $ADBE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $ADBE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ADBE","assetName":"ADBE - Adobe Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ADBE","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_AMGN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $AMGN — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $AMGN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $AMGN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMGN","assetName":"AMGN - Amgen Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMGN","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_DEO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $DEO — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $DEO on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $DEO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DEO","assetName":"DEO - Diageo plc","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DEO","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_HON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $HON — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $HON on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $HON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HON","assetName":"HON - Honeywell International Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HON","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_JNJ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $JNJ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $JNJ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $JNJ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JNJ","assetName":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JNJ","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_KMB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"10 trades in $KMB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $KMB on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 10 reported trades in $KMB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KMB","assetName":"KMB - Kimberly-Clark Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KMB","tradeCount":10,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_LLY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $LLY — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $LLY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $LLY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LLY","assetName":"LLY - Eli Lilly and Company","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LLY","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-03"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_MA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $MA — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $MA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $MA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MA","assetName":"MA - Mastercard Incorporated","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MA","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-03"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 24 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":24,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_ORCL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $ORCL — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $ORCL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $ORCL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ORCL","assetName":"ORCL - Oracle Corporation","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ORCL","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-03"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_PEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $PEP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $PEP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $PEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PEP","assetName":"PEP - PepsiCo, Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PEP","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-03"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_PG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $PG — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $PG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $PG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PG","assetName":"PG - The Procter & Gamble Company","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PG","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_QCOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"26 trades in $QCOM — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $QCOM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 26 reported trades in $QCOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"QCOM","assetName":"QCOM - QUALCOMM Incorporated","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"QCOM","tradeCount":26,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_TXN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"14 trades in $TXN — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $TXN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 14 reported trades in $TXN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TXN","assetName":"TXN - Texas Instruments Incorporated","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TXN","tradeCount":14,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_OC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $OC — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $OC on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $OC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"OC","assetName":"OC - Owens Corning Common Stock New","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"OC","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_PYPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37 trades in $PYPL — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed an asset position in $PYPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 37 reported trades in $PYPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PYPL","assetName":"PYPL - PayPal Holdings, Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PYPL","tradeCount":37,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_T000278_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 3 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ, MDT)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS, JNJ, MDT) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ","MDT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_T000278_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 4 Defense stocks (LMT, RTX, GD, BA)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (LMT, RTX, GD, BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["LMT","RTX","GD","BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_T000278_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 3 Energy stocks (OXY, XOM, VLO)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (OXY, XOM, VLO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["OXY","XOM","VLO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_T000278","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $43,200","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville received campaign contributions totaling $43,200 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COUNTY OF COLE, MISSOURI ($6,600); WHITE & CASE LLP ON BEHALF OF DANA HOLDINGS LIMITE ($6,600); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); USA RICE FEDERATION ($5,000); AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":43200,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"PORTIS, J. COLE COLE","ldaClient":"COUNTY OF COLE, MISSOURI","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WHITE, DANA","ldaClient":"WHITE & CASE LLP ON BEHALF OF DANA HOLDINGS LIMITED","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC","ldaClient":"USA RICE FEDERATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_T000278","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $253,427 on 2025-07-22 (25.9× normal)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's campaign committee received 7 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $253,427 on 2025-07-22 — 25.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":7,"totalSpikeDollars":735756,"maxRatio":25.9,"maxAmount":253427},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-07-22","amount":253427,"ratio":25.9,"baselineDaily":9790,"count":106,"cmteId":"C00701672","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00701672&min_date=2025-07-22&max_date=2025-07-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-06-30","amount":122750,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":12099,"count":84,"cmteId":"C00701672","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00701672&min_date=2019-06-30&max_date=2019-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-06-27","amount":81550,"ratio":10.4,"baselineDaily":7860,"count":63,"cmteId":"C00701672","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00701672&min_date=2019-06-27&max_date=2019-06-27"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-10-31","amount":79310,"ratio":13.8,"baselineDaily":5755,"count":574,"cmteId":"C00701672","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00701672&min_date=2024-10-31&max_date=2024-10-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-02-24","amount":70700,"ratio":21.4,"baselineDaily":3296,"count":29,"cmteId":"C00701672","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00701672&min_date=2023-02-24&max_date=2023-02-24"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701672/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00701672&min_date=2025-07-22&max_date=2025-07-22"]},{"id":"P63_T000278","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 195 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 195 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): FDRXX, GOOGL, AAPL, NUE, PFE, PM, UAA, VZ, WMT, FSPSX, FSMDX, SGIIX, EIBLX, TDIV, IVV, … (180 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":195,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["FDRXX","GOOGL","AAPL","NUE","PFE","PM","UAA","VZ","WMT","FSPSX","FSMDX","SGIIX","EIBLX","TDIV","IVV","XLP","XLU","XLV","XAR","VIG","QQQ","PFF","DTD","BMY","IDV"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_T000278_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ, MDT) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Healthcare stocks — CVS, JNJ, MDT — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ","MDT"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_T000278_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 4 Defense stocks (LMT, RTX, GD, BA) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 4 Defense stocks — LMT, RTX, GD, BA — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["LMT","RTX","GD","BA"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_T000278_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Energy stocks (OXY, XOM, VLO) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Energy stocks — OXY, XOM, VLO — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2025). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["OXY","XOM","VLO"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_T000278_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Finance stocks (GS, JPM, MA) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Finance stocks — GS, JPM, MA — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["GS","JPM","MA"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_T000278_2024-05-03","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"75 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2024-05-03 — 61 unique tickers","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville executed 75 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2024-05-03 to 2024-05-10), spanning 61 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2024-05-03","windowEnd":"2024-05-10","tradeCount":75,"uniqueTickers":61,"totalDisclosedTrades":1042,"sampleTickers":["BRO","HSY","JKHY","SOLV","PAYX","SNPS","CBSH","CPRT","VRTX","DECK"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P69_T000278","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $1.5M in personal liabilities (10% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,500,001 in personal liabilities against $15,788,253.82 in assets — a 9.5% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.5M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1500001,"totalAssetMid":15788253.82,"leverageRatio":9.5,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2012 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · LIBOR+1.25% (25 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Bank of America Tampa, FL · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2021 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 2.5% (30 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Prime Meridian Tallahassee, FL · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_T000278","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$47,071.32 in outside earned income — top source: Retirement Systems of Alabama Montgomery, AL ($$47,071.32)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $47,071.32 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Retirement Systems of Alabama Montgomery, AL ($47,071.32, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":47071.32,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"Retirement Systems of Alabama Montgomery, AL","amount":"$47,071.32","amountNumeric":47071.32}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_T000278_2022","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 19 new ticker holdings in 2022 not present in prior PFD filings — including SQ, XLY, MTUM, NWL, PEGA, CRWD","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 19 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: SQ, XLY, MTUM, NWL, PEGA, CRWD, EW, EA, FB, FDS, FLT, FTNT.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2022,"count":19,"newTickers":["SQ","XLY","MTUM","NWL","PEGA","CRWD","EW","EA","FB","FDS","FLT","FTNT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0f9f2654-4739-4bfc-af23-703182470220/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0f9f2654-4739-4bfc-af23-703182470220/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_T000278","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 29 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 288 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville appears in 29 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 288 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 29 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (142); trade near vote (26); insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (13).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":29,"totalFindings":288,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":142},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":13},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":13},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000278","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_T000278_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 23 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including MTUM, XLC, ABC, FUN, CTAS, DIS","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 23 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: MTUM, XLC, ABC, FUN, CTAS, DIS, FDX, GILD, SIEGY, XEL, NPFCX, FGSCX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":23,"divestedTickers":["MTUM","XLC","ABC","FUN","CTAS","DIS","FDX","GILD","SIEGY","XEL","NPFCX","FGSCX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fd713f6-2903-424f-9069-385bcfd463b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fd713f6-2903-424f-9069-385bcfd463b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tommy Tuberville discloses 7 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 7 unascertainable, 5% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 7 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 7 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 5% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Prudential Variable Annuity Provider: Prudential (--) · Osaic IRA (formerly Lincoln IRA) (--) · Osaic Joint Brokerage Account (formerly Lincoln Joint Brokerage Account) (--) · Alabama Pension (Unascertainable) · University of Miami Pension (Unascertainable).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":7,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":7,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.047,"samples":[{"asset":"Prudential Variable Annuity Provider: Prudential","value":"--"},{"asset":"Osaic IRA (formerly Lincoln IRA)","value":"--"},{"asset":"Osaic Joint Brokerage Account (formerly Lincoln Joint Brokerage Account)","value":"--"},{"asset":"Alabama Pension","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"University of Miami Pension","value":"Unascertainable"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 PFD: 100 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (67% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 100 reported holdings owned by Spouse (0), Joint (100), or Dependent (0) — 67% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Hancock Whitney Bank (Santa Rosa Beach, FL) Type: Checking · Joint: Osaic Joint Brokerage Account (formerly Lincoln Joint Brokerage Account) · Joint: Fidelity (SPAXX) (Boston, MA) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account · Joint: ABBV - AbbVie Inc..","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":0,"Joint":100,"Dependent":0,"Self":49},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.667,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Hancock Whitney Bank (Santa Rosa Beach, FL) Type: Checking","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Osaic Joint Brokerage Account (formerly Lincoln Joint Brokerage Account)","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Fidelity (SPAXX) (Boston, MA) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"ABBV - AbbVie Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"ACN - Accenture plc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_T000278","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's campaign paid $5,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: TUBERVILLE, THOMAS H ($5,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $5,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TUBERVILLE, THOMAS H ($5,000 across 1 payments, services: CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TUBERVILLE, THOMAS H","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"tuberville"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0AL00230&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P94_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P94_PFD_CRYPTO_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville discloses 1 crypto-related holding on 2025 PFD — BTC LifePath Ret F","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 cryptocurrency or crypto-related position (direct BTC/ETH, GBTC, Coinbase / Marathon / Riot / mining stocks, stablecoins, NFTs, blockchain ETFs). Crypto regulation is a live legislative debate — FIT21 (House-passed market structure bill), the GENIUS Act (stablecoin oversight), CFTC vs SEC jurisdiction over digital commodities, and ongoing tax-treatment debates all flow through Senate Banking, Senate Agriculture, House Financial Services, and House Agriculture committees. Senators with crypto exposure voting on crypto regulation establishes direct sector-specific conflict on a fast-moving asset class. Holdings: BTC LifePath Ret F.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_crypto","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"BTC LifePath Ret F","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4763"]},{"id":"P96_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Bank of America","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$500,001 - $1,000,000) at LIBOR+1.25% (25 years) from Bank of America.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"LIBOR+1.25% (25 years)","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","creditor":"Bank of America Tampa, FL","incurred":"2012"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P101_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$1,763 disclosed) — top: WB Studio Enterprises Inc.","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $1,763 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: WB Studio Enterprises Inc. (Royalties, $1,763.81).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":1763,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"WB Studio Enterprises Inc. Burbank, CA","amount":"$1,763.81"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Tuberville\" — top: Tommy Tuberville Foundation Auburn, AL","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Tuberville\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Tommy Tuberville Foundation Auburn, AL (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Tuberville","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"position","entry":"Tommy Tuberville Foundation Auburn, AL","position":"Other (Founding Member)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 50 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — PFE ($29.0M), LMT ($21.0M), LLY ($21.0M)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 50 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $402.5M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: PFE ($29.0M, 45 filings) · LMT ($21.0M, 47 filings) · LLY ($21.0M, 53 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · AMGN ($18.2M, 60 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":50,"totalLobbyAcrossM":402.47,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","totalLobby":28960000,"recordCount":45,"topClient":"PFIZER INC."},{"ticker":"LMT","totalLobby":20988244,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"LLY","totalLobby":20985000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"ELI LILLY & COMPANY"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"AMGN","totalLobby":18160000,"recordCount":60,"topClient":"AMGEN INC."},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"VZ","totalLobby":15650000,"recordCount":73,"topClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"ORCL","totalLobby":13680000,"recordCount":76,"topClient":"ORACLE"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 9 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), QCOM (9,962), INTC (9,381)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 9 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 50,799 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · QCOM (9,962 patents) · INTC (9,381 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · TXN (3,666 patents) · AMAT (2,738 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":9,"totalPatents":50799,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"QCOM","patentCount":9962,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"INTC","patentCount":9381,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"TXN","patentCount":3666,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"AMAT","patentCount":2738,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"ORCL","patentCount":2447,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"HON","patentCount":2275,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 6 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $263M) — top: PFE ($187.6M), DGX ($24.3M), ADM ($19.4M)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 6 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $263M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: PFE ($187.6M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · DGX ($24.3M, 89 contracts, Department of Veterans Affairs) · ADM ($19.4M, 1 contracts, Department of Agriculture) · ACN ($15.8M, 8 contracts, Department of Commerce) · UPS ($13.0M, 59 contracts, Department of Justice) · HON ($2.8M, 7 contracts, Department of Homeland Security).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":6,"totalContractValueM":262.88,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","total":187561181.57,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"DGX","total":24278922.92,"count":89,"agencies":["Department of Veterans Affairs","Department of Justice","Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"ADM","total":19389500,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"],"latestDate":"2026-03-22"},{"ticker":"ACN","total":15822726.309999999,"count":8,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy","Department of Homeland Security"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"UPS","total":13007559.979999997,"count":59,"agencies":["Department of Justice","Department of Veterans Affairs","Social Security Administration"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"HON","total":2818221.0700000003,"count":7,"agencies":["Department of Homeland Security","General Services Administration","Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_T000278","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.8M total receipts) — top: TUBERVILLE VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TUBERVILLE VICTORY FUND (C00764829, $1.8M receipts, treasurer YOUNG, TERRY). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.76,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00764829","name":"TUBERVILLE VICTORY FUND","receipts":1760122.96,"treasurer":"YOUNG, TERRY","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00764829/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00764829/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00764829/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_T000278","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's PFD net worth grew 2.1× in 6 years — 2019 $6.93M → 2025 $14.29M (CAGR 12.8%)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $6.93M in 2019 to $14.29M in 2025 — a 2.1× increase over 6 years (compound annual growth rate: 12.8%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 6-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2019","earliestNetWorthM":6.93,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":14.29,"growthFactor":2.06,"yearsCovered":6,"cagrPct":12.81,"filingCount":7,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P112_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P112_PFD_SIN_INDUSTRY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 3 sin-industry tickers on 2025 PFD across 2 categories — Tobacco (PM) · Alcohol (STZ, DEO)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in sin / vice / controversial industries across 2 categories: Tobacco — PM · Alcohol — STZ, DEO. These industries are subject to ongoing federal regulatory debate and aligned with specific committee jurisdictions: tobacco (FDA Center for Tobacco Products, federal excise tax), alcohol (TTB regulation), gambling (state-by-state but federal sports-betting / online-poker debates), firearms (ATF rules, gun-control legislation in Senate Judiciary), private prisons (BOP contracts, ICE detention contracts, criminal-justice reform), and coal (EPA emissions rules, Mining Safety, federal-lands leases). When a senator holds these positions while voting on related legislation, the personal-portfolio conflict is direct and visible to constituents.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sin_industry","year":"2025","industries":[{"industry":"Tobacco","holdings":[{"ticker":"PM","asset":"PM - Philip Morris International Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]},{"industry":"Alcohol","holdings":[{"ticker":"STZ","asset":"STZ - Constellation Brands, Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"DEO","asset":"DEO - Diageo plc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"totalCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products","https://www.atf.gov/"]},{"id":"P114_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — GOOGL, AAPL, MSFT, GOOG","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: GOOGL ($100,001 - $250,000) · AAPL ($250,001 - $500,000) · MSFT ($100,001 - $250,000) · GOOG (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","asset":"GOOG - Alphabet Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — LMT","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: LMT ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LMT","asset":"LMT - Lockheed Martin Corporation","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 9 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — QCOM, TXN, ASML, INTC, KLAC","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 9 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: QCOM ($15,001 - $50,000) · TXN ($15,001 - $50,000) · ASML (None (or less than $1,001)) · INTC (None (or less than $1,001)) · KLAC (None (or less than $1,001)) · LRCX (None (or less than $1,001)) · NVDA (None (or less than $1,001)) · AMAT (None (or less than $1,001)) · ADI (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":9,"holdings":[{"ticker":"QCOM","asset":"QCOM - QUALCOMM Incorporated","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"TXN","asset":"TXN - Texas Instruments Incorporated","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ASML","asset":"ASML - ASML Holding N.V.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"INTC","asset":"INTC - Intel Corporation","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"KLAC","asset":"KLAC - KLA Corporation","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"LRCX","asset":"LRCX - Lam Research Corporation","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"AMAT","asset":"AMAT - Applied Materials, Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"ADI","asset":"ADI - Analog Devices, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P117_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 2 agribusiness tickers on 2025 PFD — ADM, CTVA","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 agribusiness stock holdings — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: ADM ($15,001 - $50,000) · CTVA (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ADM","asset":"ADM - Archer-Daniels-Midland Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CTVA","asset":"CTVA - Corteva, Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — TRV","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: TRV (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TRV","asset":"TRV - The Travelers Companies, Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2025 PFD — VZ","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: VZ ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VZ","asset":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 3 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — C, GS, JPM","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: C ($15,001 - $50,000) · GS ($50,001 - $100,000) · JPM ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"C","asset":"C - Citigroup Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GS","asset":"GS - The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JPMorgan Chase & Co.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 1 oil/gas ticker on 2025 PFD — OXY","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: OXY (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"OXY","asset":"OXY - Occidental Petroleum Corporation Common Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 8 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — PFE, BMY, ABBV, AMGN, JNJ","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 8 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: PFE ($15,001 - $50,000) · BMY ($1,001 - $15,000) · ABBV ($15,001 - $50,000) · AMGN ($15,001 - $50,000) · JNJ (None (or less than $1,001)) · LLY ($15,001 - $50,000) · NVO (None (or less than $1,001)) · REGN (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":8,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","asset":"PFE - Pfizer Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","asset":"BMY - Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ABBV","asset":"ABBV - AbbVie Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AMGN","asset":"AMGN - Amgen Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"LLY","asset":"LLY - Eli Lilly and Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NVO","asset":"NVO - Novo Nordisk A/S","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"REGN","asset":"REGN - Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P125_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 1 clean-energy / renewables ticker on 2025 PFD — NEE","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in clean-energy or renewables companies — solar (First Solar FSLR, Enphase ENPH, SolarEdge SEDG, Sunrun RUN), wind / utility-scale (NextEra NEE, Brookfield Renewables BEP, AES), grid storage (Quanta Services PWR, EnerSys ENS), nuclear (Cameco CCJ, Centrus Energy LEU, BWX Technologies), or EV charging (ChargePoint CHPT, EVgo EVGO, Blink BLNK). Senators voting on the IRA's continuation, expansion, or repeal hold portfolios that move with their votes — every committee mark-up affecting renewable-energy tax credits or DOE loan guarantees moves these stocks. Holdings: NEE ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_clean_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NEE","asset":"NEE - NextEra Energy, Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.energy.gov/policy/inflation-reduction-act"]},{"id":"P127_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 1 asset-manager / PE-firm ticker on 2025 PFD — PAYX","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: PAYX (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PAYX","asset":"PAYX - Paychex, Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P129_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P129_PFD_MINING_METALS_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 4 mining/metals tickers on 2025 PFD — NUE, GOLD, SCCO, CLF","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in mining or metals companies — copper (Freeport-McMoRan FCX), gold/silver (Newmont NEM, Barrick GOLD, Pan American PAAS), steel (Nucor NUE, Steel Dynamics STLD, US Steel X, Cleveland-Cliffs CLF), aluminum (Alcoa AA), or critical-minerals / rare-earths (MP Materials MP, Albemarle ALB, Lithium Americas LAC). Mining-stock prices respond directly to tariff decisions, Defense Production Act allocations, and IRA domestic-sourcing rules. Holdings: NUE ($50,001 - $100,000) · GOLD (None (or less than $1,001)) · SCCO (None (or less than $1,001)) · CLF (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_mining_metals","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NUE","asset":"NUE - Nucor Corporation","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"GOLD","asset":"GOLD - Barrick Gold Corporation","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"SCCO","asset":"SCCO - Southern Copper Corporation","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"CLF","asset":"CLF - Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. Common Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onMiningCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.blm.gov/programs/energy-and-minerals/mining-and-minerals"]},{"id":"P131_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 PFD lists 113 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 113 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): FDRXX, GOOGL, AAPL, NUE, PFE, PM, UAA, VZ, WMT, FSPSX.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":113,"sampleTickers":["FDRXX","GOOGL","AAPL","NUE","PFE","PM","UAA","VZ","WMT","FSPSX","FSMDX","SGIIX","EIBLX","TDIV","IVV","XLP","XLU","XLV","XAR","VIG","QQQ","PFF","DTD","BMY","IDV","WAB","ABNFX","RSP","DHS","FSMSX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_T000278","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's earliest disclosed PFD (2019) shows $6.9M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2019) shows total assets of $6.9M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 146; earned-income on first filing: $111,035.33.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2019","totalAssetMid":6934334.33,"assetCount":146,"earnedIncome":111035.33,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/93e50dae-db22-470f-9b0c-cd68950ba998/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_T000278","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed 68 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 12 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL INTC $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville has filed 68 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 12 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL INTC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-05-13 · SELL CLF $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-05-13 · SELL INTC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-05-10 · SELL CLF $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-05-10.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":68,"veryHighCount":12,"lowerBoundSum":8850068,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CLF","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CLF","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PARA","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","date":"2024-05-08","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_T000278","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville executed 154 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AAPL (30d apart)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville has 154 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AAPL 2021-11-22 → 2021-12-22 (30d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2024-01-03 → 2024-01-10 (7d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2024-01-10 → 2024-01-19 (9d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2022-09-19 → 2022-09-20 (1d) · SELL→BUY MSFT 2022-10-05 → 2022-10-13 (8d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":154,"samples":[{"ticker":"AAPL","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-22","date2":"2021-12-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-01-03","date2":"2024-01-10","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-01-10","date2":"2024-01-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-09-19","date2":"2022-09-20","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":8,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-10-05","date2":"2022-10-13","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-10-24","date2":"2022-10-28","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-11-23","date2":"2022-11-23","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PYPL","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-29","date2":"2021-04-01","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_T000278","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville triggers 59 HIGH-severity findings across 60 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville accumulates 59 HIGH-severity findings across 60 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":59,"distinctDetectorTypes":60}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_T000278","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville triggers 61 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville accumulates findings across 61 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 61 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":61,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P6","P7","P10","P11","P14","P15","P17","P18","P19","P23","P25","P29","P36","P40","P37","P42","P43","P49","P53","P54","P61","P62","P63","P64","P65","P69","P71","P74","P78"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P159_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville holds 5 non-US-domiciled stocks on 2025 PFD across 5 countries — DEO (United Kingdom), NSRGY (Switzerland), ASML (Netherlands)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 stock holdings in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 5 countries (United Kingdom, Switzerland, Netherlands, India, Denmark). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: DEO (United Kingdom, $15,001 - $50,000) · NSRGY (Switzerland, None (or less than $1,001)) · ASML (Netherlands, None (or less than $1,001)) · INFY (India, None (or less than $1,001)) · NVO (Denmark, None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":5,"countries":["United Kingdom","Switzerland","Netherlands","India","Denmark"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"DEO","country":"United Kingdom","asset":"DEO - Diageo plc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NSRGY","country":"Switzerland","asset":"NSRGY - Nestlé S.A.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"ASML","country":"Netherlands","asset":"ASML - ASML Holding N.V.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"INFY","country":"India","asset":"INFY - Infosys Limited","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"NVO","country":"Denmark","asset":"NVO - Novo Nordisk A/S","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P161_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: BTC LifePath Ret F.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"BTC LifePath Ret F","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 PFD initiated 1 large new ticker position (≥$100K) — top: PYPL ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 new ticker position in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: PYPL ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PYPL","asset":"PYPL - PayPal Holdings, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fd713f6-2903-424f-9069-385bcfd463b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fd713f6-2903-424f-9069-385bcfd463b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: BPFLA Referrals LLC Santa (Commissions)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Commissions from BPFLA Referrals LLC Santa (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Commissions","payer":"BPFLA Referrals LLC Santa Rosa Beach, FL","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fd713f6-2903-424f-9069-385bcfd463b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fd713f6-2903-424f-9069-385bcfd463b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_AL_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AL delegation: Tommy Tuberville & Katie Britt both flagged on 29 shared detector types (9 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from AL — Tommy Tuberville and Katie Britt — are flagged on the same 29 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 9 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P10, P11, P15, P18, P19, P29.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"AL","juniorSenatorBid":"B001319","juniorSenatorName":"Katie Britt","sharedDetectorCount":29,"sharedHighCount":9,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P29","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P62","P63","P64"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000278","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001319"]},{"id":"P178_T000278_2023-04-03","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville — 50 trades on 2023-04-03","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville disclosed 50 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-04-03). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-04-03","count":50}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_T000278","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tommy Tuberville — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (1030/1042)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":1042,"atBracket":1030,"pct":"98.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_T000278","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville — 286 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville has traded 286 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":286,"sample":["XLV","XLU","GOOGL","AAPL","XLP","PEP","MSFT","OC","ORCL","GS"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_T000278_CLF","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tommy Tuberville — 63 disclosed trades in single ticker CLF","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville traded CLF on 63 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the CLF trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"CLF","count":63}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_T000278_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville — 125 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's 2025 Senate PFD shows 125 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":125,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ec0d2d29-4336-42b7-88af-2f07710b3196/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_T000278","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville — DW-NOMINATE 0.94 vs AL delegation mean 0.22 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.94) is 1.9 standard deviations from the AL delegation mean (0.22). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"AL","memberScore":0.936,"delegationMean":0.21818181818181823,"zscore":"1.90"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P197_T000278","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tommy Tuberville — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["SQ","CRWD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_T000278_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+117 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Tommy Tuberville accumulated 142 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 117 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 31 MEDIUM · 86 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":117,"totalRaw":142,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":31,"LOW":86}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000278"]}],"B001327":[{"id":"P1_B001327_t3lolw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMD 0d BEFORE HR 123 — \"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot P…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 0 days of HR 123 \"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot Program Reauthorization Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2025-05-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 123","title":"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot Program Reauthorization Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20123"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_tl7bft","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PFE 0d BEFORE HR 8857 — \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PFE (Pharma) within 0 days of HR 8857 \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-05-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8857","title":"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208857"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_nyle6n","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ELV 0d BEFORE HR 2747 — \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ELV (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 2747 \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","date":"2025-05-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2747","title":"Healthy Affordable Housing Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202747"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_o06nbc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TMO 0d BEFORE HR 2747 — \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TMO (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 2747 \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-05-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2747","title":"Healthy Affordable Housing Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202747"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_nhsngv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY COP 0d BEFORE HR 5332 — \"Reclaiming the Solar Supply Chain Act of 2021\"","explanation":"Member traded COP (Energy) within 0 days of HR 5332 \"Reclaiming the Solar Supply Chain Act of 2021\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-05-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5332","title":"Reclaiming the Solar Supply Chain Act of 2021","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205332"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_ncswfl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL UNH 0d BEFORE HR 2747 — \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 2747 \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-05-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2747","title":"Healthy Affordable Housing Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202747"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_3kctym","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MRK 0d BEFORE HR 8857 — \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MRK (Pharma) within 0 days of HR 8857 \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-05-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8857","title":"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208857"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_j9huva","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TXN 0d BEFORE HR 123 — \"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot P…\"","explanation":"Member traded TXN (Technology) within 0 days of HR 123 \"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot Program Reauthorization Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-05-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 123","title":"Alternative Data for Additional Credit FHA Pilot Program Reauthorization Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20123"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_ha6avg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMD 1d after HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_bdyff2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY IQV 1d after HR 786 — \"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposi…\" · sponsor D-MA","explanation":"Member traded IQV (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 786 \"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposit insurance coverage, and for \", sponsored by Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IQV","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 786","title":"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposit insurance coverage, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4]","sponsorBioguide":"F000339","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20786"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_oqiq9a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY DHR 1d after HR 786 — \"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposi…\" · sponsor D-MA","explanation":"Member traded DHR (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 786 \"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposit insurance coverage, and for \", sponsored by Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 786","title":"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposit insurance coverage, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4]","sponsorBioguide":"F000339","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20786"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_gnv7xp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY UNH 1d after HR 786 — \"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposi…\" · sponsor D-MA","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 786 \"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposit insurance coverage, and for \", sponsored by Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 786","title":"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposit insurance coverage, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4]","sponsorBioguide":"F000339","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20786"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_xlpkua","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PFE 1d after HR 2134 — \"Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission Act of 2…\" · sponsor D-NY","explanation":"Member traded PFE (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 2134 \"Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission Act of 2009\", sponsored by Rep. Engel, Eliot L. [D-NY-17].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2134","title":"Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Engel, Eliot L. [D-NY-17]","sponsorBioguide":"E000179","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NY","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202134"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_g5ffv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MRK 1d after HR 2134 — \"Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission Act of 2…\" · sponsor D-NY","explanation":"Member traded MRK (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 2134 \"Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission Act of 2009\", sponsored by Rep. Engel, Eliot L. [D-NY-17].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2134","title":"Western Hemisphere Drug Policy Commission Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Engel, Eliot L. [D-NY-17]","sponsorBioguide":"E000179","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NY","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202134"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_see7ui","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TMO 1d after HR 786 — \"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposi…\" · sponsor D-MA","explanation":"Member traded TMO (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 786 \"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposit insurance coverage, and for \", sponsored by Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 786","title":"To make permanent the temporary increase in deposit insurance coverage, and for other purposes.","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Frank, Barney [D-MA-4]","sponsorBioguide":"F000339","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20786"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_sdwc7u","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ADBE 1d after HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded ADBE (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_up6kep","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SPGI 0d BEFORE HR 1165 — \"Port Crane Security and Inspection Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded SPGI (Finance) within 0 days of HR 1165 \"Port Crane Security and Inspection Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1165","title":"Port Crane Security and Inspection Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201165"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_wy3d36","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TXN 1d after HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded TXN (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_6rf4wa","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY V 1d after HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_z45aqg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 1d after HR 1172 — \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to inc…\" · sponsor R-AR","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1172 \"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website o\", sponsored by Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1172","title":"To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include on the Internet website of the Department of Veterans Affairs a l","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boozman, John [R-AR-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B001236","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201172"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_rfeta1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL OXY 0d BEFORE HR 2280 — \"BIRD Energy and U.S.-Israel Energy Center Reauthor…\"","explanation":"Member traded OXY (Energy) within 0 days of HR 2280 \"BIRD Energy and U.S.-Israel Energy Center Reauthorization Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","date":"2025-04-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2280","title":"BIRD Energy and U.S.-Israel Energy Center Reauthorization Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-08","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202280"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_ipf8bc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY OXY 2d BEFORE HR 606 — \"Energy Opportunities for All Act\"","explanation":"Member traded OXY (Energy) within 2 days of HR 606 \"Energy Opportunities for All Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","date":"2025-02-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 606","title":"Energy Opportunities for All Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-27","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20606"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_40a7ud","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PFE 0d BEFORE HR 121 — \"No Vaccine Passports Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PFE (Pharma) within 0 days of HR 121 \"No Vaccine Passports Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-02-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 121","title":"No Vaccine Passports Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-25","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20121"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_e299j6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL XOM 2d BEFORE HR 606 — \"Energy Opportunities for All Act\"","explanation":"Member traded XOM (Energy) within 2 days of HR 606 \"Energy Opportunities for All Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-02-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 606","title":"Energy Opportunities for All Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-27","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20606"]},{"id":"P1_B001327_t30c7k","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GOOG 2d BEFORE HRES 29 — \"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded GOOG (Technology) within 2 days of HRES 29 \"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.\", sponsored by Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-01-21","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 29","title":"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.","introducedDate":"2025-01-23","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47]","sponsorBioguide":"S000030","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%2029"]},{"id":"P2_B001327_6z9no5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS gave $165,350 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $165,350 from EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","total":165350.45,"count":6,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://bresnahan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001327","http://bresnahan.house.gov/about/biography"]},{"id":"P2_B001327_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://bresnahan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001327","http://bresnahan.house.gov/about/biography"]},{"id":"P2_B001327_xjxg3r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"RURAL AMERICA COUNTS PAC (RAC PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from RURAL AMERICA COUNTS PAC (RAC PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"RURAL AMERICA COUNTS PAC (RAC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://bresnahan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001327","http://bresnahan.house.gov/about/biography"]},{"id":"P6_B001327_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$576,382 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $576,382 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 45 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":576382.27,"oppose":0,"events":45}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_B001327_ahtwm2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $13,401,742 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $13,401,742 opposing this member across 154 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":13401742.29,"totalSupport":753922.9,"events":154,"topAttackers":[{"name":"HMP","oppose":8550983.47},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":4177347.17},{"name":"Voter Protection Project","oppose":389737.65},{"name":"NRDC Action Votes","oppose":250000},{"name":"SAVE WESTERN CULTURE","oppose":33674}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001327_5s8vx4","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $173,650 / spent $156,935","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00853358","cmteName":"NEPA NEXT PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":73351.6,"totalDisbursements":54933.9,"cashOnHand":18417.64},{"cmteId":"C00853358","cmteName":"NEPA NEXT PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":100298.3,"totalDisbursements":102001.3,"cashOnHand":16714.6}],"totalRaised":173649.90000000002,"totalSpent":156935.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_PTC_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PTC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 3 members took the same direction on PTC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTC","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PTC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_NEE_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_NEE_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"L000560","name":"Rick Larsen"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_NEE_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"L000560","name":"Rick Larsen"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_TXN_2025-03-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-06 and 2025-03-13, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-03-06 to 2025-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_TXN_2025-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-31 and 2025-04-07, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2025-03-31 to 2025-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_TXN_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_TXN_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_BDX_2025-05-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-05-13 and 2025-05-19, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000398","name":"Thomas Kean"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-05-13 to 2025-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 5 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_AVGO_2025-06-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-11 and 2025-06-17, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-11 to 2025-06-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_K_2025-12-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold K within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-12-11 and 2025-12-11, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on K. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","date":"2025-12-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"K","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-12-11 to 2025-12-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_AVGO_2025-01-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-28 and 2025-01-30, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-01-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-01-28 to 2025-01-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_CMCSA_2025-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-19 and 2025-02-25, 4 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2025-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-02-19 to 2025-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_CMCSA_2025-02-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-24 and 2025-02-25, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2025-02-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-02-24 to 2025-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_ACN_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_ACN_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_NSC_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NSC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 4 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on NSC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NSC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_ZTS_2025-05-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ZTS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-05-13 and 2025-05-19, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ZTS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-05-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ZTS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-05-13 to 2025-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_HON_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-08, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_HON_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_TMO_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 7 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":7,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 6 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":6,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001327_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001327_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"182 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Bresnahan executed 182 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZM","date":"2025-06-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2025-06-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-06-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-06-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Partial Replacement of an Earlier National Registration or Registrations by an International Registration","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2025-06-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Partial Replacement of an Earlier National Registration or Registrations by an International Registration","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2025-06-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001327_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Bresnahan executed 15 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BR","date":"2025-04-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Eliminating Unnecessary Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department","date":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Eliminating Unnecessary Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department","date":"2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001327_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Bresnahan executed 31 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WEC","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Repeal of the Definition of Showerhead","agency":"Energy Department","date":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Repeal of the Definition of Showerhead","agency":"Energy Department","date":"2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001327_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Bresnahan executed 7 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-3,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HEI","date":"2025-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Joint Policies of the Departments of the Interior and of the Army Relative to Reservoir Project Lands; Delay of Effectiv","agency":"Interior Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Joint Policies of the Departments of the Interior and of the Army Relative to Reservoir Project Lands; Delay of Effectiv","agency":"Interior Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001327_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Bresnahan executed 28 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INCY","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Contract Year 2026 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medic","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Contract Year 2026 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medic","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001327_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Bresnahan executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIA","date":"2025-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-1,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2025 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001327_lz4u8x","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Bresnahan campaign paid $1,646,419 to 26 surname-matched vendors, top: BRESNAHAN, ROB","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan's campaign paid 145 disbursements totaling $1,646,419 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRESNAHAN, ROB","total":906854.1300000001,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"BRESNAHAN, ROB","amount":400000,"date":"2024-04-11","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"bresnahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BRESNAHAN, ROB","amount":400000,"date":"2024-01-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"bresnahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BRESNAHAN, ROB","amount":60000,"date":"2025-04-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"bresnahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRESNAHAN, JORDAN","total":58965.04,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"BRESNAHAN, JORDAN","amount":2000,"date":"2016-03-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"bresnahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BRESNAHAN, JORDAN","amount":2000,"date":"2016-03-14","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"bresnahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BRESNAHAN, JORDAN","amount":2000,"date":"2016-02-19","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"bresnahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","total":44000,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":10000,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"NONFEDERAL: CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2017-09-06","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-08","description":"VA STATE LEVEL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","total":42500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-06-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":5000,"date":"2006-03-15","description":"CONSULTING - POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BRESNAHAN"]},{"id":"P20_B001327_1ei31d","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 23 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on committees overseeing Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture and traded 23 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":36050542.61,"agencies":["Department of Transportation","Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"A","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3745678.18,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3321853.0300000003,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HST","date":"2025-05-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":238000,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":293987.42,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_B001327_b7jgno","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 20 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"French Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc., New York","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce of Chicago","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Dominican Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P33_B001327","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 5 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on committees regulating Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture and actively trades in Agriculture, Technology, Finance, Transportation, Telecom. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Agriculture","count":17},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":182},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":15},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":11},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001327","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing; 3 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology + 2 more)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 3 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":115,"highSeverityCount":18,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Agriculture","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_B001327_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+7 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan accumulated 32 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 7 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 7 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":7,"totalRaw":32,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":7,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001327"]},{"id":"P17_B001327_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+42 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan accumulated 67 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 42 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 42 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":42,"totalRaw":67,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":42,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001327"]},{"id":"P40_B001327_BIIB_20250429","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in BIIB 21 days before SEC action","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sold BIIB within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2025-04-29","title":"Biogenic, Inc., et al.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26294"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26294"]},{"id":"P40_B001327_INTC_20250401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in INTC 29 days before FTC action","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan traded INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-04-01","title":"FTC Order Requires Workado to Back Up Artificial Intelligence Detection Claims","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims"]},{"id":"P40_B001327_GDDY_20250501","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in GDDY 23 days before FTC action","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan traded GDDY within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-05-01","title":"FTC Finalizes Order with GoDaddy over Data Security Failures","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/05/ftc-finalizes-order-godaddy-over-data-security-failures"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GDDY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/05/ftc-finalizes-order-godaddy-over-data-security-failures"]},{"id":"P37_B001327_GOOG_20250121","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOG in 2025-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan executed a sell in GOOG during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-21","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_IDXX_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IDXX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $IDXX 1 day after a corporate insider (JUNIUS DANIEL M  (CIK 0001094159)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IDXX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IDXX","filer":"JUNIUS DANIEL M  (CIK 0001094159)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0000874716-25-000090","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_HOOD_20250403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HOOD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $HOOD 1 day after a corporate insider (Hood William K  (CIK 0001409120)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOOD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOOD","filer":"Hood William K  (CIK 0001409120)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001437749-25-010778","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_ZTS_20250408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ZTS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $ZTS 1 day after a corporate insider (Joseph Wetteny  (CIK 0001285781)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"Joseph Wetteny  (CIK 0001285781)","filingDate":"2025-04-07","adsh":"0001555280-25-000185","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_COIN_20250624","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COIN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $COIN 1 day after a corporate insider (Rajaram Gokul  (CIK 0001589043)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"Rajaram Gokul  (CIK 0001589043)","filingDate":"2025-06-23","adsh":"0001679788-25-000129","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_SBAC_20250311","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SBAC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $SBAC 1 day after a corporate insider (STOOPS JEFFREY  (CIK 0001106860)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBAC","filer":"STOOPS JEFFREY  (CIK 0001106860)","filingDate":"2025-03-10","adsh":"0001415889-25-007585","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_BDX_20250408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BDX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $BDX 1 day after a corporate insider (Neal Shana Carol  (CIK 0001735118)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BDX","filer":"Neal Shana Carol  (CIK 0001735118)","filingDate":"2025-04-07","adsh":"0001062993-25-007146","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_ROP_20250408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ROP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $ROP 1 day after a corporate insider (Red Oak Partners, LLC  (CIK 0001325533)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"Red Oak Partners, LLC  (CIK 0001325533)","filingDate":"2025-04-07","adsh":"0001325533-25-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_HUM_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HUM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $HUM 1 day after a corporate insider (RAMASWAMI RAJIV  (CIK 0001483009)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HUM","filer":"RAMASWAMI RAJIV  (CIK 0001483009)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0000950170-25-071502","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_PLTR_20250408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLTR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $PLTR 1 day after a corporate insider (Stat Lauren Elaina Friedman  (CIK 0001840244)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLTR","filer":"Stat Lauren Elaina Friedman  (CIK 0001840244)","filingDate":"2025-04-07","adsh":"0001321655-25-000048","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_META_20250220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $META 1 day after a corporate insider (TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)","filingDate":"2025-02-19","adsh":"0000950103-25-002196","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_DE_20250225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $DE 1 day after a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0001140361-25-005665","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_CNC_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CNC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $CNC 1 day after a corporate insider (TANJI KENNETH  (CIK 0001760674)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CNC","filer":"TANJI KENNETH  (CIK 0001760674)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0001071739-25-000115","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_NET_20250408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NET 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $NET 1 day after a corporate insider (Shepro William B  (CIK 0001289315)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NET","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NET","filer":"Shepro William B  (CIK 0001289315)","filingDate":"2025-04-07","adsh":"0001664272-25-000266","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_ALGN_20250225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ALGN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $ALGN 1 day after a corporate insider (Coletti Julie Ann  (CIK 0001777603)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALGN","filer":"Coletti Julie Ann  (CIK 0001777603)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0001415889-25-005336","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_AVY_20250225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $AVY 1 day after a corporate insider (MEJIA MARIA FERNANDA  (CIK 0001673529)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVY","filer":"MEJIA MARIA FERNANDA  (CIK 0001673529)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0001127602-25-006295","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_SRE_20250225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SRE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $SRE 1 day after a corporate insider (BIRD JUSTIN CHRISTOPHER  (CIK 0002004645)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SRE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SRE","filer":"BIRD JUSTIN CHRISTOPHER  (CIK 0002004645)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0001062993-25-003378","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_TEAM_20250603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TEAM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $TEAM 1 day after a corporate insider (Lederman Evan S.  (CIK 0001733544)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TEAM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TEAM","filer":"Lederman Evan S.  (CIK 0001733544)","filingDate":"2025-06-02","adsh":"0000318833-25-000042","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_AOS_20250225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AOS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $AOS 1 day after a corporate insider (Carver Samuel M.  (CIK 0001854336)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AOS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AOS","filer":"Carver Samuel M.  (CIK 0001854336)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0000091142-25-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_AES_20250225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AES 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $AES 1 day after a corporate insider (Mendoza Tish  (CIK 0001628839)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AES","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AES","filer":"Mendoza Tish  (CIK 0001628839)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0001127602-25-006372","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_ABBV_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABBV 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $ABBV 2 days after a corporate insider (Davis Jennifer L.  (CIK 0001916665)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"Davis Jennifer L.  (CIK 0001916665)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001415889-25-012796","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_APP_20250226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $APP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $APP 2 days after a corporate insider (Valenzuela Victoria  (CIK 0001846998)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APP","filer":"Valenzuela Victoria  (CIK 0001846998)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0001562180-25-001554","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_PLTR_20250226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PLTR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $PLTR 2 days after a corporate insider (Glazer David A.  (CIK 0001823940)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLTR","filer":"Glazer David A.  (CIK 0001823940)","filingDate":"2025-02-24","adsh":"0001321655-25-000030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_MANH_20250129","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MANH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $MANH 2 days after a corporate insider (Gantt James Stewart  (CIK 0001963767)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MANH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MANH","filer":"Gantt James Stewart  (CIK 0001963767)","filingDate":"2025-01-27","adsh":"0001225208-25-000887","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_DXCM_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DXCM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $DXCM 3 days after a corporate insider (Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)","filingDate":"2025-05-12","adsh":"0001093557-25-000153","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_KHC_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KHC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $KHC 3 days after a corporate insider (Fouche Lori Dickerson  (CIK 0001860810)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KHC","filer":"Fouche Lori Dickerson  (CIK 0001860810)","filingDate":"2025-05-12","adsh":"0001637459-25-000085","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001327_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+38 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan accumulated 63 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 38 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":38,"totalRaw":63}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_ELV_20250515","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ELV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $ELV 1 day before a corporate insider (Jallal Bahija  (CIK 0001730038)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Jallal Bahija  (CIK 0001730038)","filingDate":"2025-05-16","adsh":"0001156039-25-000088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_MOH_20250515","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MOH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $MOH 1 day before a corporate insider (ORLANDO STEVEN J  (CIK 0001211493)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MOH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MOH","filer":"ORLANDO STEVEN J  (CIK 0001211493)","filingDate":"2025-05-16","adsh":"0001179929-25-000089"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_NVDA_20250311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)","filingDate":"2025-03-12","adsh":"0001045810-25-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_LW_20250113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $LW 1 day before a corporate insider (NIBLOCK ROBERT A  (CIK 0001219923)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LW","filer":"NIBLOCK ROBERT A  (CIK 0001219923)","filingDate":"2025-01-14","adsh":"0001679273-25-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_CRWD_20250113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CRWD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $CRWD 1 day before a corporate insider (SULLIVAN GODFREY  (CIK 0001233412)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWD","filer":"SULLIVAN GODFREY  (CIK 0001233412)","filingDate":"2025-01-14","adsh":"0001415889-25-001456"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_PAYX_20250113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PAYX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $PAYX 1 day before a corporate insider (GOLISANO B THOMAS  (CIK 0000903201)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAYX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAYX","filer":"GOLISANO B THOMAS  (CIK 0000903201)","filingDate":"2025-01-14","adsh":"0000950170-25-005318"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_HUM_20250515","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HUM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $HUM 1 day before a corporate insider (BRANDT ERIC  (CIK 0001190639)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HUM","filer":"BRANDT ERIC  (CIK 0001190639)","filingDate":"2025-05-16","adsh":"0000950170-25-073615"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_HUM_20250225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HUM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $HUM 1 day before a corporate insider (O'Hara Michelle A.  (CIK 0001786783)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HUM","filer":"O'Hara Michelle A.  (CIK 0001786783)","filingDate":"2025-02-26","adsh":"0001062993-25-003612"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_META_20250402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $META 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $META 1 day before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0000950103-25-004375"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_META_20250129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $META 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $META 1 day before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-01-30","adsh":"0000950103-25-001200"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_GE_20250515","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $GE 1 day before a corporate insider (MALAVE JESUS JR  (CIK 0001781886)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GE","filer":"MALAVE JESUS JR  (CIK 0001781886)","filingDate":"2025-05-16","adsh":"0001996810-25-000109"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_LH_20250225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $LH 1 day before a corporate insider (Summy Amy B.  (CIK 0001805303)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LH","filer":"Summy Amy B.  (CIK 0001805303)","filingDate":"2025-02-26","adsh":"0001127602-25-006779"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_WEC_20250408","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WEC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $WEC 1 day before a corporate insider (STANEK MARY ELLEN  (CIK 0001241250)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WEC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WEC","filer":"STANEK MARY ELLEN  (CIK 0001241250)","filingDate":"2025-04-09","adsh":"0000107815-25-000171"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_HAL_20250515","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HAL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $HAL 1 day before a corporate insider (Jones Hal  (CIK 0001450693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HAL","filer":"Jones Hal  (CIK 0001450693)","filingDate":"2025-05-16","adsh":"0000018926-25-000077"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_TFX_20250225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TFX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $TFX 1 day before a corporate insider (POWELL THOMAS E  (CIK 0001242740)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TFX","filer":"POWELL THOMAS E  (CIK 0001242740)","filingDate":"2025-02-26","adsh":"0000096943-25-000017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_CMCSA_20250225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $CMCSA 2 days before a corporate insider (ROBERTS BRIAN L  (CIK 0001063948)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"ROBERTS BRIAN L  (CIK 0001063948)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001225208-25-002535"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_TGT_20250408","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TGT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $TGT 2 days before a corporate insider (LIEGEL MATTHEW A  (CIK 0001921955)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGT","filer":"LIEGEL MATTHEW A  (CIK 0001921955)","filingDate":"2025-04-10","adsh":"0000027419-25-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_ON_20250211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ON 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $ON 2 days before a corporate insider (Sullivan Robert M  (CIK 0001697869)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ON","filer":"Sullivan Robert M  (CIK 0001697869)","filingDate":"2025-02-13","adsh":"0001593968-25-000206"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_K_20250408","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $K 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $K 2 days before a corporate insider (SIDHU JAY S  (CIK 0001222371)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"K","filer":"SIDHU JAY S  (CIK 0001222371)","filingDate":"2025-04-10","adsh":"0001562180-25-003090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_NTNX_20250113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NTNX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $NTNX 2 days before a corporate insider (Sivaraman Rukmini  (CIK 0001924910)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTNX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTNX","filer":"Sivaraman Rukmini  (CIK 0001924910)","filingDate":"2025-01-15","adsh":"0000950170-25-005829"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_TECH_20250225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TECH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $TECH 3 days before a corporate insider (Movchan Oleg  (CIK 0001879947)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TECH","filer":"Movchan Oleg  (CIK 0001879947)","filingDate":"2025-02-28","adsh":"0001104659-25-019138"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_ABNB_20250408","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABNB 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $ABNB 3 days before a corporate insider (Mertz Elinor  (CIK 0001938411)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"Mertz Elinor  (CIK 0001938411)","filingDate":"2025-04-11","adsh":"0000950170-25-053388"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_LIN_20250408","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LIN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sell $LIN 3 days before a corporate insider (Lin Patrick  (CIK 0001799363)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"Lin Patrick  (CIK 0001799363)","filingDate":"2025-04-11","adsh":"0000897069-25-000795"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_COIN_20250624","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COIN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $COIN 3 days before a corporate insider (HAAS ALESIA J  (CIK 0001668711)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"HAAS ALESIA J  (CIK 0001668711)","filingDate":"2025-06-27","adsh":"0001679788-25-000140"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_PFE_20250225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PFE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan buy $PFE 3 days before a corporate insider (McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)","filingDate":"2025-02-28","adsh":"0001225208-25-002613"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001327_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+89 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan accumulated 114 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 89 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":89,"totalRaw":114}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_B001327_Associated_General_Contractors_118986","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Associated General Contractors (AGC) of Kansas testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Small Business, which on 2026-02-24 held a hearing titled \"“Career and Technical Education: Developing the Future of Main Street Success.”\". The witness Mr. Mike Gibson (Associated General Contractors (AGC) of Kansas) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"118986","title":"“Career and Technical Education: Developing the Future of Main Street Success.”","date":"2026-02-24T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Mike Gibson","witnessOrg":"Associated General Contractors (AGC) of Kansas","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118986"},{"source":"donor","name":"ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ASSOCIATED%20GENERAL%20CONTRACTORS%20OF%20AMERICA%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118986","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ASSOCIATED%20GENERAL%20CONTRACTORS%20OF%20AMERICA%20PAC"]},{"id":"P48_B001327_118227","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GE 8 days after a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials, which on 2025-05-06 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Federal Rail Assistance\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $GE (a Industrials-sector stock) 8 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials","eventId":"118227","title":"\"America Builds: Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Federal Rail Assistance\"","date":"2025-05-06T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118227"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118227","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_B001327_117944","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HON 1 day before a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $HON (a Industrials-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117944","title":"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_B001327_117943","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMGN 5 days after a Pharma hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 2390, the \"Maritime Supply Chain Security Act\"; H.R. 2351, \"To direct the Commandant of the Coast Guard to update the policy of the Coa…\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $AMGN (a Pharma-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117943","title":"H.R. 2390, the \"Maritime Supply Chain Security Act\"; H.R. 2351, \"To direct the Commandant of the Coast Guard to update the policy of the Coast Guard regarding the use of medication to treat drug overdose, and for other purposes\"; an ANS to H.R. 252, the \"Secure Our Ports Act of 2025\"; H.R. 2035, the \"American Cargo for American Ships Act\"; H.R. 188, the \"Amtrak Transparency and Accountability for Passengers and Taxpayers Act\"; H.R. 248, the \"Baby Changing on Board Act\"; an ANS to H.R. 1373, the \"Tennessee Valley Authority Transparency Act of 2025\"; H.R. 1948, \"To authorize the International Boundary and Water Commission to accept funds for activities relating to wastewater treatment and flood control works, and for other purposes\"; an ANS to H. Res. 137, Designating the House Press Gallery (Rooms H-315, H-316, H-317, H-318, H-319 of the United States Capitol) as the \"Frederick Douglass Press Gallery\"; and other matters cleared for consideration.","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117943"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117943","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_B001327_117938","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CAT 9 days before a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, which on 2025-03-05 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Coast Guard Acquisitions and Infrastructure\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $CAT (a Industrials-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","eventId":"117938","title":"\"America Builds: Coast Guard Acquisitions and Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-03-05T15:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117938"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117938","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_B001327_117936","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CAT 8 days before a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $CAT (a Industrials-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117936","title":"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"","date":"2025-03-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_B001327_117871","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PEP 13 days after a Staples hearing in House Agriculture","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Agriculture, which on 2025-02-11 held a hearing titled \"\"Examining the Economic Crisis in Farm Country\"\" — classified as Staples sector. The member sell $PEP (a Staples-sector stock) 13 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"117871","title":"\"Examining the Economic Crisis in Farm Country\"","date":"2025-02-11T15:00:00Z","sector":"Staples","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117871"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117871","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_B001327_117826","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $OXY 2 days before a Energy hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"The Authorization and Oversight Plan for the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure for the 119th Congress; H.R. 1182, the Compresse…\" — classified as Energy sector. The member buy $OXY (a Energy-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117826","title":"The Authorization and Oversight Plan for the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure for the 119th Congress; H.R. 1182, the Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety and Oversight Improvements Act of 2025; H. Con. Res. 9, Authorizing the use of the Capitol Grounds for the National Peace Officers Memorial Service and the National Honor Guard and Pipe Band Exhibition; An Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to H.R. 501, the Promoting Resilient Buildings Act of 2025; H.R. 744, the Disaster Management Costs Modernization Act; and H.R. 1382, To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with respect to San Francisco Bay restoration, and for other purposes","date":"2025-02-26T15:00:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117826"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117826","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_B001327_117825","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $OXY 1 day before a Energy hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"\"Promoting and Improving Safety and Efficient Pipeline Infrastructure\"\" — classified as Energy sector. The member buy $OXY (a Energy-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials","eventId":"117825","title":"\"Promoting and Improving Safety and Efficient Pipeline Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-02-25T15:00:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117825"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117825","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001327_2025-06-05_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JPM 21 days before a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan delivered a 448-word floor speech on 2025-06-05 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, my bill, the Capping Excessive Awarding of SBLC Entrants Act, or the CEASE Act, restores a vital piece of integrity to the flagship SBA 7(a) loan program. The Small Business Administratio…\"). The member buy $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-06-05","chamber":"House","wordCount":448,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, my bill, the Capping Excessive Awarding of SBLC Entrants Act, or the CEASE Act, restores a vital piece of integrity to the flagship SBA 7(a) loan program. The Small Business Administratio","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/06/05/171/96/CREC-2025-06-05-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/06/05/171/96/CREC-2025-06-05-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001327_2025-02-12_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 13 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan delivered a 186-word floor speech on 2025-02-12 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today to honor the life and legacy of Chief Patrick K. Kane, Jr., a dedi- cated public servant, a beloved family man, and a pillar of the Jessup commu- nity. Chief Kane devoted n…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-02-12","chamber":"House","wordCount":186,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today to honor the life and legacy of Chief Patrick K. Kane, Jr., a dedi- cated public servant, a beloved family man, and a pillar of the Jessup commu- nity. Chief Kane devoted n","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/12/171/29/CREC-2025-02-12-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/12/171/29/CREC-2025-02-12-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_B001327","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $46,600","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan received campaign contributions totaling $46,600 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION ($6,600); VALERO ENERGY ($5,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($5,000); UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE/CENTER FOR CAPIT ($5,000); ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OREGON-COLUMBIA CHA ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":46600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SCHWAB, CHARLES","ldaClient":"CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. PAC (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE/CENTER FOR CAPITAL MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA PAC","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OREGON-COLUMBIA CHAPTER","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_B001327_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"180 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-04-01 — 173 unique tickers","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan executed 180 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08), spanning 173 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-04-01","windowEnd":"2025-04-08","tradeCount":180,"uniqueTickers":173,"totalDisclosedTrades":572,"sampleTickers":["INTU","MNDY","META","SHOP","AVGO","MSFT","AMZN","HOOD","OKTA","RDDT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001327","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 21 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 138 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan appears in 21 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 138 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 21 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (26); coordinated trade cluster (26); insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); hearing proximity trade (8).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":21,"totalFindings":138,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":3},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001327","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_B001327","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Bresnahan's campaign paid $29,531 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: BRESNAHAN, ROB ($29,531)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $29,531 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BRESNAHAN, ROB ($29,531 across 1 payments, services: SEE MEMO). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":29531,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BRESNAHAN, ROB","total":29531,"count":1,"descriptions":["SEE MEMO"]}],"surname":"bresnahan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4PA08124&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P139_B001327","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Bresnahan filed 127 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 108 distinct tickers, 60 buys, 67 sells","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan filed 127 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 60 were buy transactions and 67 were sells, spanning 108 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":127,"distinctTickers":108,"buys":60,"sells":67,"sampleTickers":["K","BRK.B","SPY","QQQ","IWM","ZM","CRCL","COIN","AMZN","CB","INTC","TTAN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_B001327","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Bresnahan executed 24 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY BRK.B (0d apart)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan has 24 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY BRK.B 2025-01-13 → 2025-01-13 (0d) · BUY→SELL BRK.B 2025-01-13 → 2025-01-15 (2d) · SELL→BUY BRK.B 2025-01-15 → 2025-01-15 (0d) · SELL→BUY SPY 2025-09-16 → 2025-09-16 (0d) · SELL→BUY AMZN 2025-04-03 → 2025-04-08 (5d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":24,"samples":[{"ticker":"BRK.B","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-01-13","date2":"2025-01-13","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-01-13","date2":"2025-01-15","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-01-15","date2":"2025-01-15","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-09-16","date2":"2025-09-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":5,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-04-03","date2":"2025-04-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":8,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-03-31","date2":"2025-04-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"OKTA","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-05-09","date2":"2025-05-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-02-25","date2":"2025-02-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_B001327","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Bresnahan's PAC funding concentrates 92% in Finance ($0.17M / $0.19M classified)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan's PAC donors concentrate 92% in the Finance industry — $0.17M of $0.19M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.17M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.17,"totalPacAmountM":0.19,"concentrationPct":91.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.17,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4PA08124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_B001327","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Bresnahan triggers 47 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan accumulates 47 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":47,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_B001327_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Bresnahan — 168 trades on 2025-04-08","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan disclosed 168 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-04-08). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-04-08","count":168}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_B001327","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Bresnahan — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (572/572)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":572,"atBracket":572,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B001327","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Bresnahan — 306 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan has traded 306 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":306,"sample":["K","BRK.B","SPY","QQQ","IWM","ZM","CRCL","COIN","AMZN","CB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_B001327_NVDA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Bresnahan — 12 disclosed trades in single ticker NVDA","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan traded NVDA on 12 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NVDA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NVDA","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_B001327","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Bresnahan — 11 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Robert Bresnahan has traded 11 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":11,"tickers":["ZM","COIN","DDOG","SNOW","HOOD","PLTR","ABNB","DASH","RDDT","UBER","CRWD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"G000596":[{"id":"P1_G000596_c37h47","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ADP 1d after HR 4873 — \"To codify Executive Order 14319 (relating to preve…\"","explanation":"Member traded ADP (Technology) within 1 days of HR 4873 \"To codify Executive Order 14319 (relating to preventing woke AI in the Federal G\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2025-11-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4873","title":"To codify Executive Order 14319 (relating to preventing woke AI in the Federal Government).","introducedDate":"2025-11-11","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204873"]},{"id":"P1_G000596_7nqf2i","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY FDX 6d BEFORE HR 5273 — \"Securing America's Ports Act\"","explanation":"Member traded FDX (Transportation) within 6 days of HR 5273 \"Securing America's Ports Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5273","title":"Securing America's Ports Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-03","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205273"]},{"id":"P1_G000596_iuoohc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY UNH 1d BEFORE HR 2747 — \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 1 days of HR 2747 \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-05-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2747","title":"Healthy Affordable Housing Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202747"]},{"id":"P14_G000596_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"58441 employees of RETIRED gave $4,616,886 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 58441× RETIRED = $4,616,886. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":58441,"total":4616886,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000596_g95iyn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,197 donation spike on 2025-12-23 — 19.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-23 this committee recorded $79,197 across 49 contributions — 19.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,141.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00708289","date":"2025-12-23","amount":79197,"count":49,"baseline":4141,"ratio":19.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00708289/"]},{"id":"P17_G000596_BX_2024-09-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-09-20 and 2024-09-26, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2024-09-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"T000486","name":"Ritchie Torres"}],"span":"2024-09-20 to 2024-09-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_AMAT_2025-03-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AMAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-13 and 2025-03-19, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AMAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2025-03-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AMAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"}],"span":"2025-03-13 to 2025-03-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_AMAT_2025-04-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AMAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-09 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AMAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2025-04-09","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AMAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-09 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_UPS_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought UPS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UPS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UPS","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_PLTR_2025-02-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-12 and 2025-02-19, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on PLTR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-02-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PLTR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-02-12 to 2025-02-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_PLTR_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on PLTR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PLTR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_AMD_2025-05-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AMD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-05-08 and 2025-05-15, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AMD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2025-05-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AMD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-05-08 to 2025-05-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_CAT_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_DG_2025-02-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought DG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-25 and 2025-03-03, 4 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on DG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","date":"2025-02-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DG","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"}],"span":"2025-02-25 to 2025-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_DG_2025-02-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-25 and 2025-03-03, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on DG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","date":"2025-02-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"}],"span":"2025-02-25 to 2025-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000596_DG_2025-02-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-26 and 2025-03-05, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on DG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","date":"2025-02-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-02-26 to 2025-03-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000596_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"179 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marjorie Taylor Greene executed 179 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2025-11-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea Subarea and Eastern Aleutian Distri","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-10-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Radio Broadcasting Services; Adamsville, Texas and Richland Springs, Texas","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-09-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000596_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marjorie Taylor Greene executed 38 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-09-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2025-09-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2025-08-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment to the Syria-Related Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-09-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of International Criminal Court-Related Sanctions Regulations Web General License 8","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-08-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000596_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marjorie Taylor Greene executed 27 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-09-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-08-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-08-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Prior Notice: Adding Requirement To Submit Mail Tracking Number for Articles of Food Arriving by International Mail and ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-09-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Calcium Phosphate; Confirmation of Effective Date","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-08-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000596_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"35 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marjorie Taylor Greene executed 35 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2025-09-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Accounting Requirements for RUS Electric Borrowers","agency":"Agriculture Department, Rural Utilities Service","date":"2025-09-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Accounting Requirements for RUS Electric Borrowers","agency":"Agriculture Department, Rural Utilities Service","date":"2025-09-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000596_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marjorie Taylor Greene executed 15 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-08-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2025-08-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-8,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2025-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2025 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-09-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2025 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-09-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000596_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marjorie Taylor Greene executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-05-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-02-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2021-12-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2021-11-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2022-04; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2022-01-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_G000596_qpih3y","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene sits on committees overseeing Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Defense and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CAH","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":5157653.909999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-08-28","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-05-05","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_G000596","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene sits on committees regulating Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Defense and actively trades in Pharma, Healthcare, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":27},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":6},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000596","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_G000596_INTC_20241201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in INTC 30 days before FTC action","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene traded INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2024-12-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against IntelliVision Technologies for Deceptive Claims About its Facial Recognition Software","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-takes-action-against-intellivision-technologies-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-01","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-takes-action-against-intellivision-technologies-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"]},{"id":"P40_G000596_WMT_20250601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in WMT 27 days before FTC action","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene traded WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-06-01","title":"Walmart to Pay $10 Million to Settle FTC Allegations it Allowed Scammers to Obtain Millions from Consumers Using Company’s Wire Transfer Services","penalty":10000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/06/walmart-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-allegations-it-allowed-scammers-obtain-millions-consumers-using"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/06/walmart-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-allegations-it-allowed-scammers-obtain-millions-consumers-using"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_NOW_20241224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $NOW 1 day after a corporate insider (McJannet David  (CIK 0001894737)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"McJannet David  (CIK 0001894737)","filingDate":"2024-12-23","adsh":"0001104659-24-131339","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_TSLA_20210122","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-01-21","adsh":"0001771364-21-000001","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_AMZN_20241120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2024-11-19","adsh":"0001018724-24-000185","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_ADBE_20241120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADBE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $ADBE 1 day after a corporate insider (Durn Daniel  (CIK 0001610062)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Durn Daniel  (CIK 0001610062)","filingDate":"2024-11-19","adsh":"0000796343-24-000242","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_GLW_20250514","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GLW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $GLW 1 day after a corporate insider (Zhang John Z  (CIK 0001825618)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GLW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GLW","filer":"Zhang John Z  (CIK 0001825618)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001127602-25-014055","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_MS_20250514","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $MS 1 day after a corporate insider (Olivo Alicia C  (CIK 0001951869)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"Olivo Alicia C  (CIK 0001951869)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001077183-25-000106","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_AMAT_20241004","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $AMAT 1 day after a corporate insider (Deane Timothy M  (CIK 0001945425)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Deane Timothy M  (CIK 0001945425)","filingDate":"2024-10-03","adsh":"0001127602-24-025201","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_CAT_20250108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CAT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $CAT 1 day after a corporate insider (Lunger Leah  (CIK 0002011457)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Lunger Leah  (CIK 0002011457)","filingDate":"2025-01-07","adsh":"0001554795-25-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_CAT_20241224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CAT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $CAT 1 day after a corporate insider (Matus George Michael  (CIK 0001883137)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Matus George Michael  (CIK 0001883137)","filingDate":"2024-12-23","adsh":"0001554795-24-000372","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_DVN_20250212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DVN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $DVN 1 day after a corporate insider (Cashion Tana K  (CIK 0001788635)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DVN","filer":"Cashion Tana K  (CIK 0001788635)","filingDate":"2025-02-11","adsh":"0001127602-25-004205","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_DG_20250307","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $DG 2 days after a corporate insider (GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0000897069-25-000514","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_MELI_20250828","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MELI 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $MELI 2 days after a corporate insider (Tolda Stelleo  (CIK 0001409289)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MELI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MELI","filer":"Tolda Stelleo  (CIK 0001409289)","filingDate":"2025-08-26","adsh":"0001999371-25-012058","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_PLTR_20250409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLTR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $PLTR 2 days after a corporate insider (Stat Lauren Elaina Friedman  (CIK 0001840244)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLTR","filer":"Stat Lauren Elaina Friedman  (CIK 0001840244)","filingDate":"2025-04-07","adsh":"0001321655-25-000048","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_GS_20220610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $GS 2 days after a corporate insider (GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC  (CIK 0000769993)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GS","filer":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC  (CIK 0000769993)","filingDate":"2022-06-08","adsh":"0001209191-22-035265","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_SCCO_20240920","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SCCO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $SCCO 2 days after a corporate insider (PALOMINO BONILLA LUIS MIGUEL  (CIK 0001284489)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCCO","filer":"PALOMINO BONILLA LUIS MIGUEL  (CIK 0001284489)","filingDate":"2024-09-18","adsh":"0001415889-24-023650","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_AMGN_20250505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMGN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $AMGN 3 days after a corporate insider (REESE DAVID M  (CIK 0001748434)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"REESE DAVID M  (CIK 0001748434)","filingDate":"2025-05-02","adsh":"0001127602-25-013286","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_V_20220610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $V 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $V 3 days after a corporate insider (Versant Vantage I, L.P.  (CIK 0001765253)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Versant Vantage I, L.P.  (CIK 0001765253)","filingDate":"2022-06-07","adsh":"0000899243-22-021350","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_NOW_20250505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NOW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $NOW 3 days after a corporate insider (Billingsley Chester  (CIK 0001632909)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"Billingsley Chester  (CIK 0001632909)","filingDate":"2025-05-02","adsh":"0001632909-25-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_INTC_20250505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $INTC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $INTC 3 days after a corporate insider (GAWEL SCOTT  (CIK 0001243821)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"GAWEL SCOTT  (CIK 0001243821)","filingDate":"2025-05-02","adsh":"0001127602-25-013180","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_DELL_20241107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DELL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $DELL 3 days after a corporate insider (DELL MICHAEL S  (CIK 0000908724)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DELL","filer":"DELL MICHAEL S  (CIK 0000908724)","filingDate":"2024-11-04","adsh":"0000950170-24-120816","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_DELL_20241004","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DELL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $DELL 3 days after a corporate insider (DELL MICHAEL S  (CIK 0000908724)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DELL","filer":"DELL MICHAEL S  (CIK 0000908724)","filingDate":"2024-10-01","adsh":"0000950170-24-111046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_AXP_20250505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AXP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $AXP 4 days after a corporate insider (PHILLIPS JR CHARLES E  (CIK 0001236185)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"PHILLIPS JR CHARLES E  (CIK 0001236185)","filingDate":"2025-05-01","adsh":"0001127602-25-013027","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_V_20210719","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $V 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $V 4 days after a corporate insider (BINGHAM KATE  (CIK 0001185040)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"BINGHAM KATE  (CIK 0001185040)","filingDate":"2021-07-15","adsh":"0000899243-21-028546","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_TSLA_20250505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $TSLA 4 days after a corporate insider (MURDOCH JAMES R  (CIK 0001420590)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"MURDOCH JAMES R  (CIK 0001420590)","filingDate":"2025-05-01","adsh":"0001104659-25-043638","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_TSLA_20241101","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $TSLA 4 days after a corporate insider (Taneja Vaibhav  (CIK 0001771340)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Taneja Vaibhav  (CIK 0001771340)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0001771340-24-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000596_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+11 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene accumulated 36 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 11 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":11,"totalRaw":36}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_AMGN_20250505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMGN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $AMGN 1 day before a corporate insider (Grygiel Nancy A.  (CIK 0001816414)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"Grygiel Nancy A.  (CIK 0001816414)","filingDate":"2025-05-06","adsh":"0001127602-25-013530"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_NOW_20241107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NOW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $NOW 1 day before a corporate insider (Green Emily Nagle  (CIK 0001553453)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"Green Emily Nagle  (CIK 0001553453)","filingDate":"2024-11-08","adsh":"0000911177-24-000102"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_JPM_20220119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JPM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $JPM 1 day before a corporate insider (NOVAKOVIC PHEBE N  (CIK 0001222195)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"NOVAKOVIC PHEBE N  (CIK 0001222195)","filingDate":"2022-01-20","adsh":"0001225208-22-000938"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_ADBE_20250505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (Forusz Jillian  (CIK 0002031886)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Forusz Jillian  (CIK 0002031886)","filingDate":"2025-05-06","adsh":"0001628280-25-022694"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_HD_20240424","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $HD 1 day before a corporate insider (ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)","filingDate":"2024-04-25","adsh":"0001140361-24-022151"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_LLY_20250514","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LLY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $LLY 1 day before a corporate insider (Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)","filingDate":"2025-05-15","adsh":"0000059478-25-000144"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_AMD_20241125","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $AMD 1 day before a corporate insider (Dyckerhoff Stefan A  (CIK 0001484394)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"Dyckerhoff Stefan A  (CIK 0001484394)","filingDate":"2024-11-26","adsh":"0001415889-24-027791"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_MS_20250911","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $MS 1 day before a corporate insider (NIEMANN JENNIFER C  (CIK 0001711504)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"NIEMANN JENNIFER C  (CIK 0001711504)","filingDate":"2025-09-12","adsh":"0001050825-25-000123"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_KMI_20240521","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KMI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $KMI 1 day before a corporate insider (Sanders Dax  (CIK 0001572979)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMI","filer":"Sanders Dax  (CIK 0001572979)","filingDate":"2024-05-22","adsh":"0001506307-24-000047"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_DLR_20250317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DLR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $DLR 1 day before a corporate insider (Kornegay Christine Beseda  (CIK 0001392404)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DLR","filer":"Kornegay Christine Beseda  (CIK 0001392404)","filingDate":"2025-03-18","adsh":"0001415889-25-008468"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_CAH_20250317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CAH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $CAH 1 day before a corporate insider (Musslewhite Robert W  (CIK 0001390194)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAH","filer":"Musslewhite Robert W  (CIK 0001390194)","filingDate":"2025-03-18","adsh":"0000721371-25-000029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_LMT_20220222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $LMT 1 day before a corporate insider (Lavan Maryanne  (CIK 0001495449)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMT","filer":"Lavan Maryanne  (CIK 0001495449)","filingDate":"2022-02-23","adsh":"0001225208-22-003164"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_DG_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $DG 2 days before a corporate insider (GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0000897069-25-000514"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_ADP_20251112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ADP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $ADP 2 days before a corporate insider (Haynesworth Linnie M  (CIK 0001790292)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADP","filer":"Haynesworth Linnie M  (CIK 0001790292)","filingDate":"2025-11-14","adsh":"0001225208-25-009207"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_PYPL_20211115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PYPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $PYPL 2 days before a corporate insider (Donahoe John J  (CIK 0001321240)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Donahoe John J  (CIK 0001321240)","filingDate":"2021-11-17","adsh":"0001633917-21-000181"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_NEE_20250505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NEE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $NEE 2 days before a corporate insider (Bolster Brian W  (CIK 0002022591)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"Bolster Brian W  (CIK 0002022591)","filingDate":"2025-05-07","adsh":"0001062993-25-008767"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_LLY_20250121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LLY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $LLY 2 days before a corporate insider (LUCIANO JUAN R  (CIK 0001455792)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"LUCIANO JUAN R  (CIK 0001455792)","filingDate":"2025-01-23","adsh":"0000059478-25-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_KMI_20250121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KMI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $KMI 2 days before a corporate insider (VAGT ROBERT F  (CIK 0001018196)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMI","filer":"VAGT ROBERT F  (CIK 0001018196)","filingDate":"2025-01-23","adsh":"0001995410-25-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_CAT_20241224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CAT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $CAT 2 days before a corporate insider (Thompson Jeffrey M  (CIK 0001397565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Thompson Jeffrey M  (CIK 0001397565)","filingDate":"2024-12-26","adsh":"0001554795-24-000378"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_OXY_20250505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $OXY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $OXY 2 days before a corporate insider (POLADIAN AVEDICK BARUYR  (CIK 0001305254)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OXY","filer":"POLADIAN AVEDICK BARUYR  (CIK 0001305254)","filingDate":"2025-05-07","adsh":"0000797468-25-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_DVN_20250409","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DVN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $DVN 2 days before a corporate insider (Raines John David  (CIK 0002053675)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DVN","filer":"Raines John David  (CIK 0002053675)","filingDate":"2025-04-11","adsh":"0001127602-25-011968"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_V_20210831","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $V 3 days before a corporate insider (Leonard Green & Partners, L.P.  (CIK 0001175523)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Leonard Green & Partners, L.P.  (CIK 0001175523)","filingDate":"2021-09-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-054867"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_CRM_20210416","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $CRM 3 days before a corporate insider (Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)","filingDate":"2021-04-19","adsh":"0001127602-21-014091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_INTC_20250505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $INTC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $INTC 3 days before a corporate insider (Liu Tsu-Jae King  (CIK 0001679204)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"Liu Tsu-Jae King  (CIK 0001679204)","filingDate":"2025-05-08","adsh":"0001127602-25-013732"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_CRWD_20240920","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRWD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene buy $CRWD 3 days before a corporate insider (DAVIS CARY  (CIK 0001220632)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWD","filer":"DAVIS CARY  (CIK 0001220632)","filingDate":"2024-09-23","adsh":"0001415889-24-023851"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000596_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+43 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene accumulated 68 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 43 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":43,"totalRaw":68}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P45_G000596","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"12% of stock trades (56 of 484) in major federal contractors — top: UPS ($63B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene concentrated 12% of their stock-trading activity (56 of 484 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $105B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"UPS","totalContracts":63305478307.75998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":13},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"AMD","totalContracts":8961624636.999998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":12},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NEE","totalContracts":13945196501.249996,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":9},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NOW","totalContracts":10575255868.639997,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":6},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"META","totalContracts":8290566275.999999,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":6},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":56,"totalStockTrades":484,"concentrationPct":12,"distinctContractors":8,"topExposure":105078121590.64998}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000596_2025-05-08_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BA 3 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene delivered a 496-word floor speech on 2025-05-08 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I am honored to be here today in front of the American people as we de- bate the merits of the Gulf of America Act. This would rename the body of water formerly known as the Gulf of Mex…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":496,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I am honored to be here today in front of the American people as we de- bate the merits of the Gulf of America Act. This would rename the body of water formerly known as the Gulf of Mex","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/08/171/77/CREC-2025-05-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/08/171/77/CREC-2025-05-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000596_2025-05-08_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $OXY 3 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene delivered a 458-word floor speech on 2025-05-08 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, names matter, and the Democrats know that. Parents take a lot of time when they think about what to name a child that they are happy to welcome into the world because they have pride, a…\"). The member buy $OXY (a Energy-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":458,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, names matter, and the Democrats know that. Parents take a lot of time when they think about what to name a child that they are happy to welcome into the world because they have pride, a","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/08/171/77/CREC-2025-05-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/08/171/77/CREC-2025-05-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000596_2021-12-14_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 2 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene delivered a 385-word floor speech on 2021-12-14 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I rise in opposition to the Islamophobia bill. One thing that seems to be missing from this bill is the definition of Islamophobia. What this bill does is it sets up, through the State…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-12-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":385,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I rise in opposition to the Islamophobia bill. One thing that seems to be missing from this bill is the definition of Islamophobia. What this bill does is it sets up, through the State ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/14/167/215/CREC-2021-12-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/14/167/215/CREC-2021-12-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000596_2021-12-01_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PYPL 15 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene delivered a 827-word floor speech on 2021-12-01 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, on that I demand the yeas and nays. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- ant to section 3(s) of House Resolution 8, the yeas and nays are ordered. Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX, fur- ther…\"). The member buy $PYPL (a Technology-sector stock) 15 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-12-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":827,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, on that I demand the yeas and nays. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- ant to section 3(s) of House Resolution 8, the yeas and nays are ordered. Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX, fur- ther ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/01/167/207/CREC-2021-12-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/01/167/207/CREC-2021-12-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000596_2021-07-29_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $INTC 10 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene delivered a 310-word floor speech on 2021-07-29 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. GAETZ, I believe that is a great question. My fear is that this country, our agen- cies—the FBI, the Department of Jus- tice, and other agencies, intelligence agencies—are taking a two-tiered trac…\"). The member buy $INTC (a Technology-sector stock) 10 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-07-29","chamber":"House","wordCount":310,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. GAETZ, I believe that is a great question. My fear is that this country, our agen- cies—the FBI, the Department of Jus- tice, and other agencies, intelligence agencies—are taking a two-tiered trac","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/29/167/133/CREC-2021-07-29-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/29/167/133/CREC-2021-07-29-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_G000596_2025-05-05","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-05-05 — 56 unique tickers","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene executed 56 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-05-05 to 2025-05-05), spanning 56 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-05-05","windowEnd":"2025-05-05","tradeCount":56,"uniqueTickers":56,"totalDisclosedTrades":484,"sampleTickers":["NVDA","NOW","PAYX","OXY","AXP","CAH","BP","MS","INTC","FDX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000596","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 86 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 86 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (11); reg rule trade proximity (6); speech advocacy trade (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":86,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":11},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":2},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000596","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_G000596","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marjorie Taylor Greene filed 142 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 74 distinct tickers, 141 buys, 1 sells","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene filed 142 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 141 were buy transactions and 1 were sells, spanning 74 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":142,"distinctTickers":74,"buys":141,"sells":1,"sampleTickers":["IBIT","ADP","PAYX","PG","BRK.B","AMZN","CAH","BX","PANW","AMGN","KMI","OXY"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P149_G000596","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marjorie Taylor Greene triggers 34 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene accumulates 34 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":34,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_G000596_2025-05-05","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marjorie Taylor Greene — 56 trades on 2025-05-05","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene disclosed 56 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-05-05). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-05-05","count":56}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_G000596","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marjorie Taylor Greene — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (484/484)","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":484,"atBracket":484,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000596","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marjorie Taylor Greene — 115 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene has traded 115 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":115,"sample":["IBIT","ADP","PAYX","PG","BRK.B","AMZN","CAH","BX","PANW","AMGN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_G000596_AMZN","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marjorie Taylor Greene — 14 disclosed trades in single ticker AMZN","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene traded AMZN on 14 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AMZN trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AMZN","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_G000596","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marjorie Taylor Greene — 4 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Marjorie Taylor Greene has traded 4 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":4,"tickers":["CRWD","PLTR","SNOW","SQ"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"E000296":[{"id":"P1_E000296_mv6uz3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOGL 1d after HR 217 — \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 217 \"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-10-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 217","title":"CHIP IN for Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-10-09","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20217"]},{"id":"P1_E000296_mspld3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMZN 2d BEFORE HR 6351 — \"To establish the Commission on National Agricultur…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 2 days of HR 6351 \"To establish the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service Moderniz\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-10-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6351","title":"To establish the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service Modernization to modernize the data collection a","introducedDate":"2024-10-31","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206351"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_5stoiv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC gave $15,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $15,000 from SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","total":15000,"count":3,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_xgaa5s","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $9,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $9,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AICPA PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AICPA PAC)","total":9000,"count":3,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_9ofb1v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC gave $7,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $7,000 from AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC","total":7000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_xyh2br","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $6,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $6,500 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS PAC","total":6500,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_229xab","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENESIS HEALTHCARE INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from GENESIS HEALTHCARE INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENESIS HEALTHCARE INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_dbpv3w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CIGNA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACT gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CIGNA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CIGNA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_d4tzes","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $3,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $3,500 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_ins7s7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMP gave $2,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P2_E000296_6qknz3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PRO PAC gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from PRO PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRO PAC","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/dwight-evans/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)","https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=269"]},{"id":"P3_E000296_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 11 BUYS vs 8 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":11,"sells":8,"netBuy":3,"total":19}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P7_E000296_eivazo","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,915,943 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,915,943 opposing this member across 106 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1915943.3,"totalSupport":412445.65,"events":106,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SCHOOL FREEDOM FUND","oppose":1204403.5000000002},{"name":"Fund for a Working Congress","oppose":394179.8},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":236346.99999999997},{"name":"RESET DC","oppose":81013}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_E000296_fca6qu","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$15,696 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $15,696 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFSCME COUNCIL 13.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":15695.710000000001,"oppose":0,"net":15695.710000000001,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":7651,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6588.08,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":850,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":606.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006127","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION PA STATE COUNCIL","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_E000296_1vbb45","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $328,225 / spent $271,062","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00630541","cmteName":"BLOCK BY BLOCK PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":16435,"totalDisbursements":11995.8,"cashOnHand":4439.2},{"cmteId":"C00630541","cmteName":"BLOCK BY BLOCK PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":60203.1,"totalDisbursements":46794.6,"cashOnHand":17847.63},{"cmteId":"C00882134","cmteName":"THIN BLUE LINE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":52818,"totalDisbursements":47070.7,"cashOnHand":5747.22},{"cmteId":"C00867192","cmteName":"MOVE US FORWARD PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":93900,"totalDisbursements":93900,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00939892","cmteName":"PRAIRIE STATE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":5000}],"totalRaised":328225,"totalSpent":271062}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_E000296_NEE_2025-04-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-01 and 2025-04-08, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-01 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_E000296_NEE_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"L000560","name":"Rick Larsen"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_E000296_ABBV_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ABBV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ABBV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABBV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_E000296_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dwight Evans executed 26 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-11-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-11-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-10-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-04-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Review of Submarine Cable Landing License Rules and Procedures To Assess Evolving National Security, Law Enforcement, Fo","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-10-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Review of Submarine Cable Landing License Rules and Procedures To Assess Evolving National Security, Law Enforcement, Fo","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_E000296_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dwight Evans executed 5 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","date":"2025-11-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CG","date":"2021-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CG","date":"2020-09-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","date":"2020-03-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Somalia Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2021-04-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_E000296_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dwight Evans executed 14 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OKE","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating Manufactured Housing Provisions; Correction","agency":"Agriculture Department, Rural Housing Service","date":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating Manufactured Housing Provisions; Correction","agency":"Agriculture Department, Rural Housing Service","date":"2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_E000296_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dwight Evans executed 3 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":10,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2022-08-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-03-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Buprenorphine Treatment via Telemedicine Encounter and Continuity of Care via Telemedicine for Veterans Aff","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) Proficiency Testing Regulations Related to Analytes and Accept","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2022-07-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_E000296_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dwight Evans executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2022-11-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2022-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2021-05-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HII","date":"2020-12-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":9,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation: Amendments to the FAR Buy American Act Requirements; Correction","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2022-10-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Exception to Competition for Certain Follow-On Production Contracts (","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2022-02-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_E000296_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dwight Evans executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2022-08-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment to the Definition of Unmanned Aircraft Accident","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2022-07-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_E000296_1tqkh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dwight Evans campaign paid $6,433,445 to 97 surname-matched vendors, top: LAWTON MEDIA SERVICES","explanation":"Dwight Evans's campaign paid 325 disbursements totaling $6,433,445 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LAWTON MEDIA SERVICES","total":1735007.46,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"LAWTON MEDIA SERVICES","amount":196631.35,"date":"2014-04-10","description":"ADVERTISING BROADCAST TV/RADIO","surnameMatched":"lawton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LAWTON MEDIA SERVICES","amount":185736.07,"date":"2014-04-02","description":"ADVERTISING - RADIO/CABLE","surnameMatched":"lawton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LAWTON MEDIA SERVICES","amount":181045,"date":"2013-07-30","description":"ADVERTISING - BROADCAST TV","surnameMatched":"lawton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JC-EVANS, INC.","total":863982.95,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":127285.73,"date":"2006-03-13","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":112981.38,"date":"2006-03-29","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":109158.32,"date":"2006-02-13","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EVANS ENTERPRISES, LLC","total":568774,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"EVANS ENTERPRISES, LLC","amount":568774,"date":"2016-09-12","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTANT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","total":377179,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2025-05-13","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2025-05-08","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2025-05-15","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","total":348967.2,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":44348.5,"date":"2021-01-06","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":40254.44,"date":"2022-12-21","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":29826.75,"date":"2022-10-14","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LAWTON%20MEDIA%20SERVICES"]},{"id":"P20_E000296_foz22a","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 4 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Dwight Evans sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 4 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-04-03","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":21811577.12,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2022-03-30","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":36050542.61,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-03-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2020-03-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_E000296_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 48d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (25 buys vs 18 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":43,"avgGap":48,"buys":25,"sells":18},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":103,"avgGap":40}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_E000296_x4cun","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Dwight Evans's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"DUANE MORRIS LLP GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE FEDERAL FUND","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Duane Morris Government Affairs, LLC","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P32_E000296","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 4.1× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 170 disclosed trades, 45 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 4.1× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":45,"total":170,"rate":26.5},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":4.11}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_E000296","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Dwight Evans sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense and actively trades in Finance, Healthcare, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":8},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":7},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_E000296","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 distinct pattern types firing across 32 total findings","explanation":"Dwight Evans has findings in 14 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":14,"totalFindings":32,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_E000296_AMT_20250403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $AMT 1 day after a corporate insider (Goel Sanjay  (CIK 0001852058)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"Goel Sanjay  (CIK 0001852058)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001053507-25-000096","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_NOW_20231220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $NOW 1 day after a corporate insider (YEAMAN KEVIN J  (CIK 0001200469)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"YEAMAN KEVIN J  (CIK 0001200469)","filingDate":"2023-12-19","adsh":"0001209191-23-059262","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_TSLA_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Taneja Vaibhav  (CIK 0001771340)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Taneja Vaibhav  (CIK 0001771340)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0001771340-24-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_TSLA_20201029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Musk Kimbal  (CIK 0001494731)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Musk Kimbal  (CIK 0001494731)","filingDate":"2020-10-28","adsh":"0001494731-20-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_ABBV_20250403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABBV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $ABBV 1 day after a corporate insider (GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001415889-25-009688","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_NEO_20220330","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $NEO 1 day after a corporate insider (Karlin Dan  (CIK 0001897618)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEO","filer":"Karlin Dan  (CIK 0001897618)","filingDate":"2022-03-29","adsh":"0001209191-22-021558","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_IBM_20250403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IBM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $IBM 2 days after a corporate insider (FARR DAVID N  (CIK 0001183474)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBM","filer":"FARR DAVID N  (CIK 0001183474)","filingDate":"2025-04-01","adsh":"0001562180-25-002844","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_GOOGL_20250403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $GOOGL 2 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-04-01","adsh":"0000950170-25-048755","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_KMI_20220330","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KMI 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $KMI 2 days after a corporate insider (Schlosser John W  (CIK 0001570469)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMI","filer":"Schlosser John W  (CIK 0001570469)","filingDate":"2022-03-28","adsh":"0001506307-22-000031","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_PWR_20210526","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PWR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $PWR 2 days after a corporate insider (OLIVEIRA RAMON DE  (CIK 0001214685)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PWR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PWR","filer":"OLIVEIRA RAMON DE  (CIK 0001214685)","filingDate":"2021-05-24","adsh":"0001214685-21-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_CRM_20201029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $CRM 3 days after a corporate insider (Hyder Brent  (CIK 0001704187)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Hyder Brent  (CIK 0001704187)","filingDate":"2020-10-26","adsh":"0001127602-20-027545","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_TMO_20200302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TMO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $TMO 3 days after a corporate insider (CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0001127602-20-008375","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_MSFT_20251121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $MSFT 4 days after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2025-11-17","adsh":"0000789019-25-000069","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_APO_20251121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $APO 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $APO 4 days after a corporate insider (KLEINMAN SCOTT  (CIK 0001272588)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APO","filer":"KLEINMAN SCOTT  (CIK 0001272588)","filingDate":"2025-11-17","adsh":"0001272588-25-000007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_T_20200302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $T 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $T 4 days after a corporate insider (Donahue Paul D  (CIK 0001409902)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Donahue Paul D  (CIK 0001409902)","filingDate":"2020-02-27","adsh":"0001225208-20-003702","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000296_CRM_20230228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CRM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $CRM 5 days after a corporate insider (ALBER LAURA  (CIK 0001225922)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"ALBER LAURA  (CIK 0001225922)","filingDate":"2023-02-23","adsh":"0001127602-23-006896","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_GOOGL_20250403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0000950170-25-051206"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_NEE_20250403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NEE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $NEE 1 day before a corporate insider (YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0001020710-25-000058"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_PFE_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PFE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $PFE 1 day before a corporate insider (Dolsten Mikael  (CIK 0001437590)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"Dolsten Mikael  (CIK 0001437590)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001225208-20-004021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_AWK_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AWK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $AWK 1 day before a corporate insider (Hauk Bruce A  (CIK 0001805479)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AWK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AWK","filer":"Hauk Bruce A  (CIK 0001805479)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001410636-20-000052"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_RTN_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RTN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $RTN 1 day before a corporate insider (Winnefeld James A Jr  (CIK 0001695566)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTN","filer":"Winnefeld James A Jr  (CIK 0001695566)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001047122-20-000037"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_NOW_20231220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NOW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $NOW 2 days before a corporate insider (Komissarov Vadim  (CIK 0001739771)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"Komissarov Vadim  (CIK 0001739771)","filingDate":"2023-12-22","adsh":"0001213900-23-098205"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_UTX_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UTX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $UTX 3 days before a corporate insider (Amato Elizabeth B  (CIK 0001555745)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UTX","filer":"Amato Elizabeth B  (CIK 0001555745)","filingDate":"2020-03-05","adsh":"0001225208-20-004425"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_MSFT_20200904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $MSFT 5 days before a corporate insider (SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0001819285-20-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_NVDA_20251121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $NVDA 5 days before a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2025-11-26","adsh":"0001818224-25-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_INTC_20220330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $INTC 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $INTC 6 days before a corporate insider (Smith Gregory D  (CIK 0001484277)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"Smith Gregory D  (CIK 0001484277)","filingDate":"2022-04-05","adsh":"0001127602-22-011603"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_AMZN_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans sell $AMZN 7 days before a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2024-11-05","adsh":"0001018724-24-000167"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_PWR_20210526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PWR 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $PWR 8 days before a corporate insider (KEETON SIMON  (CIK 0001763605)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PWR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PWR","filer":"KEETON SIMON  (CIK 0001763605)","filingDate":"2021-06-03","adsh":"0001225208-21-008923"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000296_TSLA_20200904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dwight Evans buy $TSLA 10 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-09-14","adsh":"0001790565-20-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P51_E000296_MAIN_STREET_MEDIA_GROUP","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP $21.4M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Dwight Evans's campaign committee paid $21,376,035.89 to MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 4275.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP","total":21376035.89,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP"},{"source":"donor","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL STATE & LOCAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. MAIN STREET BANKERS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRUIST%20FINANCIAL%20CORPORATION%20FEDERAL%20STATE%20%26%20LOCAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(FORMERLY%20SUNTRUST%20BANKS%20INC.%20MAIN%20STREET%20BANKERS%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRUIST%20FINANCIAL%20CORPORATION%20FEDERAL%20STATE%20%26%20LOCAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(FORMERLY%20SUNTRUST%20BANKS%20INC.%20MAIN%20STREET%20BANKERS%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P52_E000296_T","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $T — AT&T's PAC also donated $6,000","explanation":"Dwight Evans executed 4 reported trades in $T (AT&T). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","parent":"AT&T","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC)","parent":"AT&T","total":6000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%20EMPLOYEE%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(AT%26T%20EMPLOYEE%20FEDERAL%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%20EMPLOYEE%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(AT%26T%20EMPLOYEE%20FEDERAL%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_E000296","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $155,500","explanation":"Dwight Evans received campaign contributions totaling $155,500 from 23 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION ($15,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":23,"totalDollars":155500,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE (SMART)","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_E000296_2018-08-17","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"21 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-08-17 — 20 unique tickers","explanation":"Dwight Evans executed 21 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-08-17 to 2018-08-20), spanning 20 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-08-17","windowEnd":"2018-08-20","tradeCount":21,"uniqueTickers":20,"totalDisclosedTrades":170,"sampleTickers":["BABA","TANN","AWK","PFE","CLNY","MSFT","NOKBF","AMZN","JPM","GOOGL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_E000296","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$131,360 in outside earned income — top source: The Revival Center Houston, Texas ($$120,000.00)","explanation":"Dwight Evans's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $131,360 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: The Revival Center Houston, Texas ($120,000.00, Self-Employment Income); Classical Conversations Southern Pines, North Carolina ($11,360.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":131360,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"The Revival Center Houston, Texas","amount":"$120,000.00","amountNumeric":120000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Classical Conversations Southern Pines, North Carolina","amount":"$11,360.00","amountNumeric":11360}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a7a11422-7a36-4871-a51c-f2d873aec462/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_E000296","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 67 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dwight Evans appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 67 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (16); insider front ran trade (13); committee pac conflict (11); reg rule trade proximity (6); coordinated trade cluster (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":67,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":16},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":13},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":11},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/E000296","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_E000296","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dwight Evans's campaign paid $915,670 to 17 surname-matched vendors — top: EVANS/MCNAMARA ($199,958)","explanation":"Dwight Evans's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $915,670 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: EVANS/MCNAMARA ($199,958 across 7 payments, services: MEDIA - PRODUCTION SERVICES · VIDEO PRODUCTION · ADVERTISING). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":915670.0499999999,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":17,"topPayees":[{"payee":"EVANS/MCNAMARA","total":199958,"count":7,"descriptions":["MEDIA - PRODUCTION SERVICES","VIDEO PRODUCTION","ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"ADAM EVANS WATERPROOFING","total":111974.2,"count":1,"descriptions":["BUILDING MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS"]},{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ","total":86992.44,"count":3,"descriptions":["ACCOUNTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"EVANS & ASSOCIATES","total":85000,"count":2,"descriptions":["FEA CANVASSING"]},{"payee":"EVANS & MCNAMARA","total":66908,"count":2,"descriptions":["MEDIA PRODUCTION","MEDIA"]}],"surname":"evans"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6PA02171&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_E000296","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dwight Evans draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.0M PAC / $11.9M total)","explanation":"Dwight Evans's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.0M of $11.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.96,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.92,"pacSharePct":50,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6PA02171"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA02171/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_E000296","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dwight Evans's PAC funding concentrates 32% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Dwight Evans's PAC donors concentrate 32% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Healthcare $0.04M · Labor $0.03M · Defense $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":32.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Healthcare":0.04,"Labor":0.03,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA02171/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_E000296","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dwight Evans triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Dwight Evans accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_E000296","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dwight Evans operates 4 distinct leadership PACs ($0.3M combined receipts)","explanation":"Dwight Evans operates 4 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.3M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: BLOCK BY BLOCK PAC (C00630541) · THIN BLUE LINE PAC (C00882134) · MOVE US FORWARD PAC (C00867192) · PRAIRIE STATE PAC (C00939892).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.33,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00630541","cmteName":"BLOCK BY BLOCK PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00882134","cmteName":"THIN BLUE LINE PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00867192","cmteName":"MOVE US FORWARD PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00939892","cmteName":"PRAIRIE STATE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00630541/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00882134/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00867192/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00939892/"]},{"id":"P173_E000296_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dwight Evans's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Dwight Evans's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a7a11422-7a36-4871-a51c-f2d873aec462/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a7a11422-7a36-4871-a51c-f2d873aec462/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P178_E000296_2018-08-17","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dwight Evans — 20 trades on 2018-08-17","explanation":"Dwight Evans disclosed 20 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-08-17). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-08-17","count":20}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_E000296","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dwight Evans — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (169/170)","explanation":"Dwight Evans's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":170,"atBracket":169,"pct":"99.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_E000296","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dwight Evans — 82 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Dwight Evans has traded 82 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":82,"sample":["MSFT","BABAF","APO","NVDA","CVS","AWK","KD","GOOGL","NEE","AMT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001098":[{"id":"P1_C001098_hkacss","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GS 1d BEFORE HR 478 — \"Promoting New Bank Formation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GS (Finance) within 1 days of HR 478 \"Promoting New Bank Formation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-11-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 478","title":"Promoting New Bank Formation Act","introducedDate":"2025-11-12","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20478"]},{"id":"P5_C001098_xiruvh","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,030,000 lobbying spike near GS trade","explanation":"GS was lobbied $1,030,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $293,333/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-11-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"GS","recentTotal":1030000,"baselineAvg":293333,"recordCount":6,"topClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC.","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_C001098_uu3m75","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$7,281,762 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from KEEP THE PROMISE I","explanation":"KEEP THE PROMISE I spent $7,281,762 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 171 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00575373","name":"KEEP THE PROMISE I","support":7281761.860000006,"oppose":0,"events":171}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575373/"]},{"id":"P6_C001098_ut1y2c","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,655,550 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Stand For Truth, Inc.","explanation":"Stand For Truth, Inc. spent $4,655,550 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00592337","name":"Stand For Truth, Inc.","support":4655550,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00592337/"]},{"id":"P6_C001098_ugtyo7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,709,501 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Trusted Leadership PAC","explanation":"Trusted Leadership PAC spent $3,709,501 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 46 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609511","name":"Trusted Leadership PAC","support":3709500.62,"oppose":0,"events":46}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609511/"]},{"id":"P6_C001098_uu3lkr","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,328,804 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Keep the Promise III","explanation":"Keep the Promise III spent $2,328,804 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 423 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00575423","name":"Keep the Promise III","support":2328803.5800000005,"oppose":0,"events":423}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575423/"]},{"id":"P6_C001098_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$833,580 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $833,580 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 43 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":833579.7500000002,"oppose":0,"events":43}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_C001098_uxvind","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$403,043 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Right to Life Victory Fund","explanation":"National Right to Life Victory Fund spent $403,043 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00509893","name":"National Right to Life Victory Fund","support":403043.26,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509893/"]},{"id":"P6_C001098_d06hmj","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$253,454 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH spent $253,454 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90009945","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH","support":253453.53,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90009945/"]},{"id":"P7_C001098_p17v15","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $6,464,957 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $6,464,957 opposing this member across 1157 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":6464957.120000006,"totalSupport":20460158.94999998,"events":1157,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Conservative Solutions PAC","oppose":4540253.640000001},{"name":"PURSUING AMERICA'S GREATNESS","oppose":716451.24},{"name":"New Day Independent Media Committee","oppose":425256.45},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":422484.54000000004},{"name":"AMERICA'S RENEWABLE FUTURE INC","oppose":174676.47}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001098_7ftfg1","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,181 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $97,181 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":0,"oppose":97181.23,"net":-97181.23,"events":7,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":96985.40000000001,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004569","name":"HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN","support":0,"oppose":195.83,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_C001098_ozocgo","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of itemized donations from outside TX","explanation":"Only $15,498,588 of $56,301,838 itemized individual contributions came from TX. The rest — $40,803,250 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"TX","homeStateTotal":15498588,"outOfStateTotal":40803250,"outOfStateShare":72.5,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"CA926","amount":695758},{"stateZip3":"FL331","amount":369630},{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":349091},{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":341723},{"stateZip3":"WA980","amount":337145}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001098_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ted Cruz executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-11-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2024-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Imposition of Special Measure Regarding Huione Group, as a Foreign Financial Institution of Primary Money Laundering Con","agency":"Treasury Department, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network","date":"2025-10-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Investigation of Claims of Evasion of Antidumping and Countervailing Duties","agency":"Homeland Security Department, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Treasury Department","date":"2024-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001098_hfodzj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz campaign paid $926,975 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","explanation":"Ted Cruz's campaign paid 14 disbursements totaling $926,975 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","total":371574.41,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":311574.41,"date":"2004-11-05","description":"ADVERTISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":60000,"date":"2004-09-30","description":"ADVERTISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD TED","total":215000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD TED","amount":150000,"date":"2012-08-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD TED","amount":65000,"date":"2012-12-21","description":"PRIMARY LOAN REPAYMENT TO CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRUZ, RAPHAEL EDWARD TED","total":137000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRUZ, RAPHAEL EDWARD TED","amount":137000,"date":"2012-10-09","description":"LAON REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES, INC.","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":100000,"date":"2020-07-13","description":"MEDIA CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRUZ, RENE","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRUZ, RENE","amount":100000,"date":"2024-07-18","description":"1.543030 BITCOINS RECEIVED SIMULTANEOUSLY CONVERTED TO USDC, LIQUIDATED","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BASSETT-KNIPPA, KAT","total":2600,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BASSETT-KNIPPA, KAT","amount":1250,"date":"2023-10-08","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"knippa","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BASSETT-KNIPPA, KAT","amount":1250,"date":"2023-10-05","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"knippa","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BASSETT-KNIPPA, KAT","amount":100,"date":"2023-10-04","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"knippa","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DE%20LA%20CRUZ%20%26%20ASSOCIATES"]},{"id":"P25_C001098_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"99% of PAC dollars ($44,954,171) come from Party industry","explanation":"Ted Cruz receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":44954171.27000001,"share":98.6,"totalPAC":45606301.05000001,"pacCount":8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":44954171.27000001,"share":98.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":387478,"share":0.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":264651.78,"share":0.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001098","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Ted Cruz has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_C001098_GS_20251111","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2025-Q4 while GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ted Cruz executed a sell in GS during 2025-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC, THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-11","quarter":"2025-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q4","matchedClients":["GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001098_GS_20240415","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2024-Q2 while GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ted Cruz executed a sell in GS during 2024-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC, THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-15","quarter":"2024-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q2","matchedClients":["GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001098_GS_20190515","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2019-Q2 while GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ted Cruz executed a sell in GS during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., GOLDMAN SACHS & CO LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-15","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN SACHS & CO LLC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001098_GS_20160225","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2016-Q1 while THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ted Cruz executed a sell in GS during 2016-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-25","quarter":"2016-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q1","matchedClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P53_C001098_BFK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $BFK — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Ted Cruz disclosed an asset position in $BFK on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $BFK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BFK","assetName":"BFK - BlackRock Municipal Income Trust","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b6ab044e-3538-44f9-bd9d-1939608cec72/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BFK","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b6ab044e-3538-44f9-bd9d-1939608cec72/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001098_EPD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $EPD — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Ted Cruz disclosed an asset position in $EPD on their 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $EPD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EPD","assetName":"EPD - Enterprise Products Partners L.P. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e25b0de-a5ef-4823-b95f-06ec608cf098/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EPD","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e25b0de-a5ef-4823-b95f-06ec608cf098/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001098_PAGP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $PAGP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Ted Cruz disclosed an asset position in $PAGP on their 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $PAGP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PAGP","assetName":"PAGP - Plains GP Holdings, L.P.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e25b0de-a5ef-4823-b95f-06ec608cf098/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PAGP","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e25b0de-a5ef-4823-b95f-06ec608cf098/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001098_GS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $GS — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Ted Cruz disclosed an asset position in $GS on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $GS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GS","assetName":"GS - The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/60a6720f-09d3-451e-85f1-fd6ac81d97d2/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GS","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/60a6720f-09d3-451e-85f1-fd6ac81d97d2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001098_OKE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $OKE — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Ted Cruz disclosed an asset position in $OKE on their 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $OKE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"OKE","assetName":"OKE - ONEOK Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2016","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de150d7d-3281-47a8-ad93-661da0929339/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"OKE","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-04-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de150d7d-3281-47a8-ad93-661da0929339/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_C001098_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 2 Energy stocks (XOM, CVX)","explanation":"Ted Cruz discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM, CVX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","CVX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001098_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Energy stocks (XOM, CVX) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Ted Cruz's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Energy stocks — XOM, CVX — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","CVX"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9738792-2cb8-4637-86b5-eec6dd21664b/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9738792-2cb8-4637-86b5-eec6dd21664b/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001098_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Finance stock (GS) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Ted Cruz's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Finance stocks — GS — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["GS"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9738792-2cb8-4637-86b5-eec6dd21664b/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9738792-2cb8-4637-86b5-eec6dd21664b/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P69_C001098","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $3.6M in personal liabilities (38% leverage of assets) — 8 liability items","explanation":"Ted Cruz's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $3,582,503.5 in personal liabilities against $9,343,020.5 in assets — a 38.3% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.6M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":3582503.5,"totalAssetMid":9343020.5,"leverageRatio":38.3,"liabCount":8,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2012 · Joint · Other (Margin loan) · - · floating% (on demand) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Goldman Sachs New York, New York · The floating interest rate is broker call plus 100 basis points."},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2016 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.65% (7 year ARM) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Bank of America Houston, Texas · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"3 · 2019 · Joint · Revolving Charge · - · 19.49% (NA) · $50,001 - $100,000 · American Express New York, NY · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"4 · 2015 · Joint · Revolving Charge · - · 20.24% (NA) · $50,001 - $100,000 · Chase Wilmington, DE · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_C001098","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at Free Enterprise Institute Houston, Texas","explanation":"Ted Cruz's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at Free Enterprise Institute Houston, Texas (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Dec 2011 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Free Enterprise Institute Houston, Texas","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_C001098","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 reportable gifts disclosed totaling $77,702 — top: 2006 Honda Pilot and 2002 Honda Odyssey ($12,000.00)","explanation":"Ted Cruz's Senate annual financial disclosures report 19 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $77,702 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: 2006 Honda Pilot and 2002 Honda Odyssey ($12,000.00) from Chad Sweet Bethesda, Maryland; 2006 Honda Pilot and 2002 Honda Odyssey ($12,000.00) from Chad Sweet Bethesda, Maryland; Several items of used clothing upon her husband's passi ($9,720.00) from Allie Hanley Houston, TX.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":19,"totalValue":77702,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"},{"source":"gift","date":"07/29/2016","recipient":"Self","description":"2006 Honda Pilot and 2002 Honda Odyssey","value":"$12,000.00","giftSource":"Chad Sweet Bethesda, Maryland","year":2018},{"source":"gift","date":"07/29/2016","recipient":"Self","description":"2006 Honda Pilot and 2002 Honda Odyssey","value":"$12,000.00","giftSource":"Chad Sweet Bethesda, Maryland","year":2017},{"source":"gift","date":"06/30/2017","recipient":"Self","description":"Several items of used clothing upon her husband's passing.","value":"$9,720.00","giftSource":"Allie Hanley Houston, TX","year":2018},{"source":"gift","date":"05/28/2018","recipient":"Self","description":"Houston Rockets Basketball ticket.","value":"$5,175.00","giftSource":"Robert Marling Houston, TX","year":2019},{"source":"gift","date":"05/28/2018","recipient":"Self","description":"Houston Rockets Basketball ticket.","value":"$5,175.00","giftSource":"Robert Marling Houston, TX","year":2019},{"source":"gift","date":"05/24/2018","recipient":"Self","description":"Houston Rockets basketball tickets","value":"$5,000.00","giftSource":"Jeff Roe Houston, TX","year":2019}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_C001098_2019","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 10 new ticker holdings in 2019 not present in prior PFD filings — including GGLPX, GMWPX, GAJPX, GGNPX, GSPPX, GMYPX","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 10 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: GGLPX, GMWPX, GAJPX, GGNPX, GSPPX, GMYPX, GMEPX, GAFPX, GGMPX, LIJIX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2019,"count":10,"newTickers":["GGLPX","GMWPX","GAJPX","GGNPX","GSPPX","GMYPX","GMEPX","GAFPX","GGMPX","LIJIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37f7b2bd-b03b-417a-bcfc-566f64b22574/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37f7b2bd-b03b-417a-bcfc-566f64b22574/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001098","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 32 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ted Cruz appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 32 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (7); senate pfd holding trade (5); lobbying timeline trade (4); spouse holding industry vote (2); trade near vote (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":32,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001098","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_C001098_2019","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 20 ticker holdings between 2018 and 2019 — including GSHIX, GHYIX, GIMDX, GSMTX, GSFRX, GSTIX","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 20 ticker holdings present in the 2018 filing but absent in 2019. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: GSHIX, GHYIX, GIMDX, GSMTX, GSFRX, GSTIX, BFK, XOM, GSLIX, OGS, GSAIX, EPD.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2018,2019],"count":20,"divestedTickers":["GSHIX","GHYIX","GIMDX","GSMTX","GSFRX","GSTIX","BFK","XOM","GSLIX","OGS","GSAIX","EPD"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37f7b2bd-b03b-417a-bcfc-566f64b22574/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37f7b2bd-b03b-417a-bcfc-566f64b22574/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_C001098_2013","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz filed 4 amendments to the 2013 Senate annual disclosure — 13 total amendments across 3 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Ted Cruz's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2013 report alone, with 13 amendments across 3 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2013,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":13,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":3,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/C59C0348-0597-4A14-BCDA-3B70BDE3EB6C/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/E94B9A65-6AAF-4256-9631-676ABA2CC0A9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/929B15B0-D2E8-4B91-95CC-EF4DC76E9AF8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/A35105C9-3721-465B-B891-24BBF4A4D5F8/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/C59C0348-0597-4A14-BCDA-3B70BDE3EB6C/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/E94B9A65-6AAF-4256-9631-676ABA2CC0A9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Cruz discloses 7 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 7 unascertainable, 15% of 46 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 7 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 7 unascertainable) across 46 total reported assets — 15% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: USAA 529 - Child 2 Institution: USAA (--) · Fidelity 529 - Child 1 Institution: Fidelity (--) · Traditional IRA (--) · Morgan Lewis Bockius LLP Tax-Saver Retirement Plan (--) · Morgan Lewis Bockius LLP Defined Contribution Plan (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":7,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":7,"totalAssets":46,"opaqueRatio":0.152,"samples":[{"asset":"USAA 529 - Child 2 Institution: USAA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity 529 - Child 1 Institution: Fidelity","value":"--"},{"asset":"Traditional IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Morgan Lewis Bockius LLP Tax-Saver Retirement Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Morgan Lewis Bockius LLP Defined Contribution Plan","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P85_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz discloses 2 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Private Equity Co-Investment Partners III LLC Description :  · TPG Tech Adjacencies II Access LLC Description : Private Equ.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"Private Equity Co-Investment Partners III LLC Description : Private Equity (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"TPG Tech Adjacencies II Access LLC Description : Private Equity (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD: 33 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (70% of 47 reported assets)","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 33 reported holdings owned by Spouse (5), Joint (25), or Dependent (3) — 70% of 47 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: GAJPX - Goldman Sachs Dynamic Municipal Income Fund Class · Joint: VYM - High Dividend Yield Vanguard ETF · Joint: XOM-Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE) · Joint: VIG - Dividend Appreciation ETF Vanguard.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":5,"Joint":25,"Dependent":3,"Self":13},"totalAssets":47,"familyShare":0.702,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"GAJPX - Goldman Sachs Dynamic Municipal Income Fund Class","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"VYM - High Dividend Yield Vanguard ETF","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"XOM-Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"VIG - Dividend Appreciation ETF Vanguard","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"XLE - SPDR Select Sector Fund - Energy Select Sector","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), LIJIX","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · LIJIX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"GS-The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"LIJIX","asset":"LIJIX - BlackRock LifePath Index 2035 Fund Institutional S","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_C001098","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz's campaign paid $471,574 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES ($371,574)","explanation":"Ted Cruz's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $471,574 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES ($371,574 across 2 payments, services: ADVERTISING EXPENSE). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":471574.41,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","total":371574.41,"count":2,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"CRUZ, RENE","total":100000,"count":1,"descriptions":["1.543030 BITCOINS RECEIVED SIMULTANEOUSLY CONVERTED TO USDC, LIQUIDATED"]}],"surname":"cruz"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2TX00312&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD: 3 holdings owned by Dependent Child (3 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 3 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 3 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Goldman Sachs (Houston, Texas) Type: Savings · Goldman Sachs (Houston, Texas) Type: Savings · Goldman Sachs (Houston, Texas) Type: Checking.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":3,"highValueCount":3,"holdings":[{"asset":"Goldman Sachs (Houston, Texas) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Goldman Sachs (Houston, Texas) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Goldman Sachs (Houston, Texas) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P94_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P94_PFD_CRYPTO_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz discloses 3 crypto-related holdings on 2025 PFD — Bitcoin Exchange/Platform : River Financial Inc, Bitcoin Miners Description : Three Bitcoin Miners ","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 cryptocurrency or crypto-related positions (direct BTC/ETH, GBTC, Coinbase / Marathon / Riot / mining stocks, stablecoins, NFTs, blockchain ETFs). Crypto regulation is a live legislative debate — FIT21 (House-passed market structure bill), the GENIUS Act (stablecoin oversight), CFTC vs SEC jurisdiction over digital commodities, and ongoing tax-treatment debates all flow through Senate Banking, Senate Agriculture, House Financial Services, and House Agriculture committees. Senators with crypto exposure voting on crypto regulation establishes direct sector-specific conflict on a fast-moving asset class. Holdings: Bitcoin Exchange/Platform : River Financial Inc · Bitcoin Miners Description : Three Bitcoin Miners (Iraan, Te · Bitcoin Miners Description : Bitmain S21.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_crypto","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"holdings":[{"name":"Bitcoin Exchange/Platform : River Financial Inc","type":"Cryptocurrency","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Bitcoin Miners Description : Three Bitcoin Miners (Iraan, Texas)","type":"Other","value":"--"},{"name":"Bitcoin Miners Description : Bitmain S21","type":"Personal Property Other Property","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4763"]},{"id":"P96_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Cruz owes 7 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Goldman Sachs New","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 7 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Other (Margin loan) ($$250,001 - $500,000) at floating% (on demand) from Goldman Sachs New · Mortgage ($$1,000,001 - $5,000,000) at 2.65% (7 year ARM) from Bank of America · Revolving Charge ($$50,001 - $100,000) at 19.49% (NA) from American Express New.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":7,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Other (Margin loan)","rate":"floating% (on demand)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Goldman Sachs New York, New York","incurred":"2012"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.65% (7 year ARM)","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","creditor":"Bank of America Houston, Texas","incurred":"2016"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"19.49% (NA)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"American Express New York, NY","incurred":"2019"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"20.24% (NA)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE","incurred":"2015"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"19.49% (NA)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE","incurred":"2023"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Other (Capital Commitment)","rate":"0% (On Demand)","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000","creditor":"Goldman Sachs New York, New York","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P98_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz carries 3 high-rate debt entries (≥12% APR) on 2025 PFD — top: 19.49% (NA) Revolving Charge","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 personal liabilities at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Revolving Charge 19.49% (NA) from American Express New ($$50,001 - $100,000) · Revolving Charge 20.24% (NA) from Chase Wilmington, DE ($$50,001 - $100,000) · Revolving Charge 19.49% (NA) from Chase Wilmington, DE ($$15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2025","count":3,"loans":[{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"19.49% (NA)","creditor":"American Express New York, NY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"20.24% (NA)","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"19.49% (NA)","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P100_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz's spouse earned income from 1 finance-industry payer on 2025 PFD — top: Goldman Sachs and Co","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a major financial-services firm (investment bank, hedge fund, private equity, asset manager, or commercial bank). Spouse compensation from a regulated finance firm establishes ongoing household income dependence on the firm's profitability — every committee vote affecting capital requirements, broker-dealer rules, private-fund regulations, or merger-and-acquisition policy moves the senator's family balance sheet. Payers: Goldman Sachs and Co Jersey (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_finance","year":"2025","count":1,"onFinanceCommittee":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Goldman Sachs and Co Jersey City, NJ","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.sec.gov/edgar"]},{"id":"P102_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Trustee · Free Enterprise Institute Houston,","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Trustee · Free Enterprise Institute Houston,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Trustee","entity":"Free Enterprise Institute Houston, Texas","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Dec 2011 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P110_C001098","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz's PFD net worth grew 2.1× in 11 years — 2014 $2.80M → 2025 $5.76M (CAGR 6.8%)","explanation":"Ted Cruz's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $2.80M in 2014 to $5.76M in 2025 — a 2.1× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 6.8%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":2.8,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":5.76,"growthFactor":2.06,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":6.79,"filingCount":17,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9738792-2cb8-4637-86b5-eec6dd21664b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9738792-2cb8-4637-86b5-eec6dd21664b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_C001098","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $352M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Ted Cruz's FEC-bulk record shows $352.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":352.29,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2TX00312"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00312/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_C001098","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Cruz disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL GS $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Ted Cruz has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL GS $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-11-11 · SELL GS $250,001 - $500,000 on 2024-04-15.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":350002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","date":"2025-11-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","date":"2024-04-15","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_C001098","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Agriculture ($0.26M / $0.26M classified)","explanation":"Ted Cruz's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Agriculture industry — $0.26M of $0.26M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.26M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.26,"totalPacAmountM":0.26,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.26}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00312/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_C001098","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Cruz triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ted Cruz accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":36}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_C001098","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz triggers 37 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Ted Cruz accumulates findings across 37 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 37 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":37,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P5","P6","P7","P9","P12","P18","P19","P25","P36","P37","P53","P54","P64","P69","P70","P72","P74","P78","P79","P82","P83","P85","P87","P88","P90","P92","P94","P96","P98"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P154_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P154_PFD_LARGE_GIFT_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD discloses 2 large gifts ≥$1,000 — top: Texas Longhorns vs. Texas A&M Aggies Football Tick ($1,500.00) from Willie Langston Houston, TX","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure Part 5 reports 2 individually-disclosed gifts valued at $1,000 or more (combined approximate value: $3,000). Senate ethics rules permit gifts under specific exceptions (close family / personal friendship, widely-attended events, modest food and refreshments below $50) but explicitly prohibit gifts from registered lobbyists and from foreign governments. Large individually-reported gifts warrant cross-reference: who is the giver, what is their relationship to the senator, what business interests do they have before the senator's committee, and does the gift fall within an enumerated exception or did the senator obtain a specific Senate Ethics waiver? Recent gifts: Texas Longhorns vs. Texas A&M Aggies Football Ticket ($1,500.00) from Willie Langston Houston, TX on 11/30/2024 · Texas Longhorns vs. Texas A&M Aggies Football Ticket ($1,500.00) from Willie Langston Houston, TX on 11/30/2024.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_gift","year":"2025","count":2,"totalValue":3000,"gifts":[{"date":"11/30/2024","gift":"Texas Longhorns vs. Texas A&M Aggies Football Ticket","value":"$1,500.00","from":"Willie Langston Houston, TX"},{"date":"11/30/2024","gift":"Texas Longhorns vs. Texas A&M Aggies Football Ticket","value":"$1,500.00","from":"Willie Langston Houston, TX"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P155_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P155_PFD_LARGE_REIMBURSED_TRAVEL","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD discloses 1 large travel reimbursement ≥$5,000 — top: $9,480 from Bill Holmes Midland, TX","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure Part 6 reports 1 reimbursed-travel event valued at $5,000 or more (combined approximate value: $9,480). Large travel reimbursements typically include private-plane transit, international flight legs, multi-day stays at luxury venues, or speaking-engagement travel paid by foreign governments / universities. The senator's PFD Part 6 entries are in addition to House/Senate \"officially-connected travel\" disclosures (covered by P142-P144) — meaning some senators report the same trip in both forms while others split disclosure across the two channels. Trips: New Orleans, LA to Cotulla, TX with a layover in Austin, TX to refuel. ($9,480, Bill Holmes Midland, TX, 01/02/2024).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_reimbursed_travel","year":"2025","count":1,"totalValue":9480,"trips":[{"dates":"01/02/2024","itinerary":"New Orleans, LA to Cotulla, TX with a layover in Austin, TX to refuel.","reimbursedFor":"Private plane Amount: $9,480.00","whoPaid":"Bill Holmes Midland, TX","value":9480}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P157_C001098","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,102 sponsored, 2,052 cosponsored","explanation":"Ted Cruz's congress.gov record shows 1,102 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1102,"cosponsoredCount":2052,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/ted-cruz/C001098","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD includes 4 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Age-Based Option 14-15: Conservative Portfolio · Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Tr I · Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Tr I · LIJIX - BlackRock LifePath Index 2035 Fund Institutional S.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"asset":"Age-Based Option 14-15: Conservative Portfolio","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Tr I","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Tr I","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"asset":"LIJIX - BlackRock LifePath Index 2035 Fund Institutional S","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_C001098","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz's PFD net worth declined 140% year-over-year — 2016 $2.30M → 2017 $-0.92M","explanation":"Ted Cruz's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $2.30M in 2016 to $-0.92M in 2017 — a 140% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2016","priorNetWorthM":2.3,"latestYear":"2017","latestNetWorthM":-0.92,"declinePct":140.03,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55a79679-5bb9-44c5-81c8-7ce777f1fb37/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/60a6720f-09d3-451e-85f1-fd6ac81d97d2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/60a6720f-09d3-451e-85f1-fd6ac81d97d2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55a79679-5bb9-44c5-81c8-7ce777f1fb37/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD lists 2 new creditors not in prior year — top: Revolving Charge from Chase Wilmington, DE at 20.24% (NA)","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 2 creditors not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Revolving Charge from Chase Wilmington, DE at 20.24% (NA) ($50,001 - $100,000) · Revolving Charge from Chase Wilmington, DE at 19.49% (NA) ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2015","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"20.24% (NA)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE"},{"incurred":"2023","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"19.49% (NA)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9675a1d6-d0cc-48bb-b0ee-fb1b99c3de0d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9675a1d6-d0cc-48bb-b0ee-fb1b99c3de0d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_TX_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"TX delegation: Ted Cruz & John Cornyn both flagged on 15 shared detector types (6 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from TX — Ted Cruz and John Cornyn — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 6 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P19, P25, P36, P53, P70.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"TX","otherSenatorBid":"C001056","otherSenatorName":"John Cornyn","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":6,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P19","P25","P36","P53","P70","P74","P82","P87","P96","P98","P100","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001098","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001056"]},{"id":"P173_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD reports 4 gifts AND 2 travel reimbursements — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 4 entries) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 2 trips). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: Texas Longhorns Football Ticket ($405.00) from Bill Holmes Midland, TX. Sample travel: New Orleans, LA to Cotulla, TX with a layover in Austin, TX to refuel. paid by Bill Holmes Midland, TX.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":4,"travelCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P175_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz's 2025 PFD reports $3.58M in total liabilities (8 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $3.58M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 8 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 38% of total assets ($9.34M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":3.58,"totalAssetMidM":9.34,"liabCount":8,"leverageRatio":0.383,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P193_C001098_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Cruz — 14 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Ted Cruz's 2025 Senate PFD shows 14 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":14,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b455ae7-a24e-462a-95b8-78f7067c0d22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_C001098","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Cruz — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($176.1M)","explanation":"Ted Cruz is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $176.1M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":176147244,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00312/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000616":[{"id":"P1_D000616_pddiyy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL UPS 1d BEFORE HR 3663 — \"Bridge Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UPS (Transportation) within 1 days of HR 3663 \"Bridge Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-10-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3663","title":"Bridge Protection Act","introducedDate":"2025-10-29","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203663"]},{"id":"P2_D000616_ruu05a","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION PAC gave $3,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott DesJarlais serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $3,000 from EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION PAC","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://desjarlais.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000616","https://desjarlais.house.gov/education"]},{"id":"P7_D000616_cax6km","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,103,061 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,103,061 opposing this member across 22 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1103061.29,"totalSupport":214440.69,"events":22,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":655666.31},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":447394.98}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000616_2udmjs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,424 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $74,424 across 49 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,295.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464073","date":"2013-09-30","amount":74424,"count":49,"baseline":7295,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464073/"]},{"id":"P15_D000616_qib3z5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,900 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $66,900 across 30 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,887.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464073","date":"2015-03-31","amount":66900,"count":30,"baseline":7887,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464073/"]},{"id":"P15_D000616_w766zu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,500 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $56,500 across 38 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,052.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464073","date":"2011-09-30","amount":56500,"count":38,"baseline":7052,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464073/"]},{"id":"P19_D000616_wp1wsk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott DesJarlais campaign paid $7,925,683 to 23 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Scott DesJarlais's campaign paid 70 disbursements totaling $7,925,683 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":82388.84,"date":"2021-11-15","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":75528.75,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":69184.86,"date":"2022-11-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","total":494516.20999999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":213593.8,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":102945.43,"date":"2025-09-25","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":67886.74,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON RIVER","total":230900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":75218.75,"date":"2012-07-12","description":"WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT & DESIGN","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":64531.25,"date":"2012-05-10","description":"INTERNET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":45925,"date":"2013-11-21","description":"INTERNET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P61_D000616","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $23,300","explanation":"Scott DesJarlais received campaign contributions totaling $23,300 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DALLAS SAFARI CLUB ($7,500); JOHN WALKER TRUCKING ($5,800); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":23300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SAFARI CLUB INTERNATIONAL PAC","ldaClient":"DALLAS SAFARI CLUB","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WALKER, JOHN MR.","ldaClient":"JOHN WALKER TRUCKING","donorTotal":5800,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_D000616","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $74,424 on 2013-09-30 (10.2× normal)","explanation":"Scott DesJarlais's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $74,424 on 2013-09-30 — 10.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":74424,"maxRatio":10.2,"maxAmount":74424},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-09-30","amount":74424,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":7295,"count":49,"cmteId":"C00464073","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00464073&min_date=2013-09-30&max_date=2013-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00464073&min_date=2013-09-30&max_date=2013-09-30"]},{"id":"P138_D000616","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott DesJarlais draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.7M PAC / $10.5M total)","explanation":"Scott DesJarlais's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.7M of $10.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.48,"pacSharePct":35.2,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0TN04195"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TN04195/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001094":[{"id":"P1_H001094_x8yv2w","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 5147 — \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5147 \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-09-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5147","title":"WIRELESS Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205147"]},{"id":"P1_H001094_72qygn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 5147 — \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5147 \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-09-23","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5147","title":"WIRELESS Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205147"]},{"id":"P1_H001094_1dn81c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOGL 0d BEFORE HR 5147 — \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5147 \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-09-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5147","title":"WIRELESS Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205147"]},{"id":"P1_H001094_xwji6h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL META 0d BEFORE HR 5147 — \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5147 \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-09-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5147","title":"WIRELESS Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205147"]},{"id":"P1_H001094_qzsl9d","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AVGO 0d BEFORE HR 5147 — \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AVGO (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5147 \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-09-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5147","title":"WIRELESS Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205147"]},{"id":"P1_H001094_w9j6rk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 5147 — \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5147 \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-09-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5147","title":"WIRELESS Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205147"]},{"id":"P1_H001094_1wyax0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMZN 0d BEFORE HR 5147 — \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5147 \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-09-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5147","title":"WIRELESS Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-23","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205147"]},{"id":"P1_H001094_8jayst","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 2d BEFORE HR 6351 — \"To establish the Commission on National Agricultur…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 2 days of HR 6351 \"To establish the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service Moderniz\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-10-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6351","title":"To establish the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service Modernization to modernize the data collection a","introducedDate":"2024-10-31","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206351"]},{"id":"P1_H001094_vseuqq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NVDA 2d BEFORE HR 6351 — \"To establish the Commission on National Agricultur…\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 2 days of HR 6351 \"To establish the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service Moderniz\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-10-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6351","title":"To establish the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service Modernization to modernize the data collection a","introducedDate":"2024-10-31","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206351"]},{"id":"P2_H001094_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $36,400 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $36,400 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":36400,"count":10,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Hoyle","https://jstreetpac.org/candidate/val-hoyle/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001094"]},{"id":"P2_H001094_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $9,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $9,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Hoyle","https://jstreetpac.org/candidate/val-hoyle/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001094"]},{"id":"P2_H001094_udem4r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Hoyle","https://jstreetpac.org/candidate/val-hoyle/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001094"]},{"id":"P2_H001094_btof15","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Hoyle","https://jstreetpac.org/candidate/val-hoyle/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001094"]},{"id":"P2_H001094_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Hoyle","https://jstreetpac.org/candidate/val-hoyle/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001094"]},{"id":"P2_H001094_vz4aem","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT COALI gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT COALITION PAC (SEEC PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT COALITION PAC (SEEC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Hoyle","https://jstreetpac.org/candidate/val-hoyle/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001094"]},{"id":"P4_H001094_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare trades filed 199d late on avg — overall avg only 146d","explanation":"In Healthcare (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 199.3 days — versus 145.7 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":22,"avgGap":199},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":275,"avgGap":146},{"source":"pac","sector":"Healthcare","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_H001094_titzm1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$791,666 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Web3 Forward","explanation":"Web3 Forward spent $791,666 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804187","name":"Web3 Forward","support":791665.52,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804187/"]},{"id":"P7_H001094_pit97y","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $544,991 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $544,991 opposing this member across 48 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":544991.3,"totalSupport":957827.1899999997,"events":48,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":375407.80000000005},{"name":"A SAFER STRONGER OREGON PAC","oppose":77040},{"name":"GREEN OREGON","oppose":74893.5},{"name":"NEW REPUBLICANS PAC","oppose":17650}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001094_6vca1y","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$26,831 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $26,831 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":26830.75,"oppose":0,"net":26830.75,"events":17,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":24539.22,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":2291.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004569","name":"HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001094_ia3sq0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $155,000 / spent $120,335","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00848556","cmteName":"MCKENZIE RIVER PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":75000,"totalDisbursements":67754.6,"cashOnHand":7245.41},{"cmteId":"C00848556","cmteName":"MCKENZIE RIVER PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":80000,"totalDisbursements":52580,"cashOnHand":34665.41}],"totalRaised":155000,"totalSpent":120334.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 5 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_AVGO_2025-06-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-06-06 and 2025-06-11, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-06-06 to 2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_DEO_2025-09-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-22 and 2025-09-25, 3 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-09-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-09-22 to 2025-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_ELV_2025-01-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ELV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-09 and 2025-01-13, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ELV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","date":"2025-01-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ELV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"}],"span":"2025-01-09 to 2025-01-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_MU_2025-09-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold MU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-17 and 2025-09-23, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on MU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2025-09-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MU","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"}],"span":"2025-09-17 to 2025-09-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_MU_2025-09-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-17 and 2025-09-23, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on MU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2025-09-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MU","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"}],"span":"2025-09-17 to 2025-09-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_UBER_2024-11-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UBER within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-11-15 and 2024-11-19, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on UBER. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2024-11-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UBER","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2024-11-15 to 2024-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_ANET_2025-04-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ANET within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-23 and 2025-04-29, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on ANET. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2025-04-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ANET","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"}],"span":"2025-04-23 to 2025-04-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_CI_2025-09-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-23 and 2025-09-29, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-09-23 to 2025-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001094_LLY_2025-05-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-05-06 and 2025-05-13, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-05-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001094","name":"Valerie Hoyle"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2025-05-06 to 2025-05-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001094_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"59 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Valerie Hoyle executed 59 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTRS","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Syrian Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-08-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Syrian Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-08-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001094_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Valerie Hoyle executed 9 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Limitation on Certain Institutes of Higher Education (DFARS Case 2024","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2025-08-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Limitation on Certain Institutes of Higher Education (DFARS Case 2024","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2025-08-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001094_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Valerie Hoyle executed 7 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2025 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-09-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2025 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-09-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001094_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"94 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Valerie Hoyle executed 94 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands; Final 2025 and 2026 Harvest Specif","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-08-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands; Final 2025 and 2026 Harvest Specif","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-08-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001094_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Valerie Hoyle executed 11 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Terminating National Institutes of Health Minority Biomedical Research Support Program and Rescinding the Program's Rela","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-08-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Terminating National Institutes of Health Minority Biomedical Research Support Program and Rescinding the Program's Rela","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-08-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001094_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Valerie Hoyle executed 6 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PCG","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-04-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Leonardo S.p.A. Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-08-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Leonardo S.p.A. Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-08-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001094_7v7gxg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Valerie Hoyle campaign paid $13,115 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: GIARRAPUTO, HOLLY","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle's campaign paid 26 disbursements totaling $13,115 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GIARRAPUTO, HOLLY","total":4900,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"GIARRAPUTO, HOLLY","amount":2000,"date":"2019-08-09","description":"COMPLIANCE FEES","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GIARRAPUTO, HOLLY","amount":1000,"date":"2019-07-01","description":"COMPLIANCE FEES","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GIARRAPUTO, HOLLY","amount":500,"date":"2019-07-01","description":"COMPLIANCE FEES","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOLLY GIARRAPUTO","total":3600,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"HOLLY GIARRAPUTO","amount":3000,"date":"2007-02-17","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HOLLY GIARRAPUTO","amount":300,"date":"2024-10-14","description":"REIMBUSEMENT(VENDORS THAT AGGREGATE OVER $200 LISTED BELOW)","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HOLLY GIARRAPUTO","amount":100,"date":"2023-02-01","description":"PETTY CASH","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GIARRAPUTO, THOMAS","total":2100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GIARRAPUTO, THOMAS","amount":2100,"date":"2022-09-13","description":"REFUND: 2022 GENERAL REFUND","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GIARRAPUTO, JACK J","total":2100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GIARRAPUTO, JACK J","amount":2100,"date":"2008-02-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GIARRAPUTO, HOLLY MS","total":315,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GIARRAPUTO, HOLLY MS","amount":315,"date":"2006-02-13","description":"IN-KIND - CAMPAIGN COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GIARRAPUTO, DOREEN","total":100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GIARRAPUTO, DOREEN","amount":100,"date":"2020-08-26","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"giarraputo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GIARRAPUTO"]},{"id":"P20_H001094_oufgo7","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 8 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 8 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3448894.2399999998,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["National Transportation Safety Board","Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_H001094_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 153d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (55 buys vs 39 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":94,"avgGap":153,"buys":55,"sells":39},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":275,"avgGap":146}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_H001094_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare BUYs filed 199d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Healthcare (12 buys vs 10 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":22,"avgGap":199,"buys":12,"sells":10},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":275,"avgGap":146}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_H001094","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"57% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 8.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 388 disclosed trades, 220 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 8.8× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":220,"total":388,"rate":56.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":8.81}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_H001094","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sits on committees regulating Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Transportation, Technology, Energy, Telecom. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":7},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":94},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":6},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001094","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 distinct pattern types firing; 2 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology + 1 more)","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle has findings in 14 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 2 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":14,"totalFindings":42,"highSeverityCount":15,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":4},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_H001094_NVDA_20250923","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2025-Q3 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle executed a sell in NVDA during 2025-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION, NVIDIA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23","quarter":"2025-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q3","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION","NVIDIA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_TT_20250923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $TT 1 day after a corporate insider (ICONIQ STRATEGIC PARTNERS II-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001619682)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TT","filer":"ICONIQ STRATEGIC PARTNERS II-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001619682)","filingDate":"2025-09-22","adsh":"0001104659-25-092249","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_COF_20250606","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COF 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $COF 1 day after a corporate insider (Raghu Ravi  (CIK 0001938203)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COF","filer":"Raghu Ravi  (CIK 0001938203)","filingDate":"2025-06-05","adsh":"0000927628-25-000216","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_GOOGL_20250402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $GOOGL 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-04-01","adsh":"0000950170-25-048755","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_GOOGL_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $GOOGL 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0000950170-24-117861","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_ORCL_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ORCL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $ORCL 1 day after a corporate insider (Levey Stuart  (CIK 0001952913)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Levey Stuart  (CIK 0001952913)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0001127602-24-026039","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_AMZN_20250606","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-06-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_JPM_20250124","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JPM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $JPM 1 day after a corporate insider (Boler-Davis Alicia S  (CIK 0001677195)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"Boler-Davis Alicia S  (CIK 0001677195)","filingDate":"2025-01-23","adsh":"0001225208-25-000773","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_NVDA_20250923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (JONES HARVEY C  (CIK 0001197650)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"JONES HARVEY C  (CIK 0001197650)","filingDate":"2025-09-22","adsh":"0001197650-25-000007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_TDG_20250923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TDG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $TDG 1 day after a corporate insider (SMALL ROBERT J  (CIK 0001234544)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TDG","filer":"SMALL ROBERT J  (CIK 0001234544)","filingDate":"2025-09-22","adsh":"0001193125-25-211595","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_MRVL_20250220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MRVL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $MRVL 1 day after a corporate insider (Meintjes Willem A  (CIK 0001635800)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"Meintjes Willem A  (CIK 0001635800)","filingDate":"2025-02-19","adsh":"0001835632-25-000046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_TRV_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TRV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $TRV 1 day after a corporate insider (Third Rock Ventures V, L.P.  (CIK 0001778071)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRV","filer":"Third Rock Ventures V, L.P.  (CIK 0001778071)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0000950170-24-117772","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_CME_20250521","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CME 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $CME 1 day after a corporate insider (Lockett Phyllis M  (CIK 0001776684)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CME","filer":"Lockett Phyllis M  (CIK 0001776684)","filingDate":"2025-05-20","adsh":"0001156375-25-000128","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_RBLX_20250923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RBLX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $RBLX 1 day after a corporate insider (Kaufman Matthew D  (CIK 0002044191)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBLX","filer":"Kaufman Matthew D  (CIK 0002044191)","filingDate":"2025-09-22","adsh":"0001315098-25-000306","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_LMT_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $LMT 1 day after a corporate insider (Ricciardone Maria A.  (CIK 0001661900)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMT","filer":"Ricciardone Maria A.  (CIK 0001661900)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0001225208-24-009531","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_APH_20250923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $APH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $APH 1 day after a corporate insider (Apollo Aligned Alternatives Advisors, L.P.  (CIK 0002021670)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APH","filer":"Apollo Aligned Alternatives Advisors, L.P.  (CIK 0002021670)","filingDate":"2025-09-22","adsh":"0000950142-25-002491","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_GOOGL_20250702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $GOOGL 2 days after a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-06-30","adsh":"0000950170-25-091830","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_UNH_20250124","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $UNH 2 days after a corporate insider (FLYNN TIMOTHY PATRICK  (CIK 0001550322)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"FLYNN TIMOTHY PATRICK  (CIK 0001550322)","filingDate":"2025-01-22","adsh":"0000731766-25-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_GOOGL_20250714","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $GOOGL 3 days after a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-07-11","adsh":"0000950170-25-095421","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_NVDA_20250606","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $NVDA 3 days after a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2025-06-03","adsh":"0001045810-25-000123","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_CRWV_20250606","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRWV 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $CRWV 3 days after a corporate insider (Venturo Brian M  (CIK 0002058067)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWV","filer":"Venturo Brian M  (CIK 0002058067)","filingDate":"2025-06-03","adsh":"0001415889-25-015464","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_DE_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $DE 4 days after a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2024-10-25","adsh":"0001140361-24-044303","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_TGT_20250204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TGT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $TGT 4 days after a corporate insider (ZABEL MATTHEW L  (CIK 0001998134)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGT","filer":"ZABEL MATTHEW L  (CIK 0001998134)","filingDate":"2025-01-31","adsh":"0000027419-25-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_LIN_20250923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LIN 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $LIN 5 days after a corporate insider (Lin Patrick  (CIK 0001799363)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"Lin Patrick  (CIK 0001799363)","filingDate":"2025-09-18","adsh":"0000897069-25-001492","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_WFC_20241029","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WFC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $WFC 5 days after a corporate insider (Engle Bridget E.  (CIK 0001709119)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Engle Bridget E.  (CIK 0001709119)","filingDate":"2024-10-24","adsh":"0001127602-24-025911","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_MS_20250923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $MS 5 days after a corporate insider (Bayshore Capital Advisors, LLC  (CIK 0001598176)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"Bayshore Capital Advisors, LLC  (CIK 0001598176)","filingDate":"2025-09-18","adsh":"0001213900-25-089037","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001094_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle accumulated 28 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_V_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $V 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $V 1 day before a corporate insider (SLTA V (GP), L.L.C.  (CIK 0001737652)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"SLTA V (GP), L.L.C.  (CIK 0001737652)","filingDate":"2025-09-24","adsh":"0001193125-25-215481"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_UBER_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UBER 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $UBER 1 day before a corporate insider (West Tony  (CIK 0001626201)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"West Tony  (CIK 0001626201)","filingDate":"2025-09-24","adsh":"0001626201-25-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_TYL_20250807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TYL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $TYL 1 day before a corporate insider (Cline Brenda A  (CIK 0001605218)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TYL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TYL","filer":"Cline Brenda A  (CIK 0001605218)","filingDate":"2025-08-08","adsh":"0001240085-25-000052"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_TMO_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TMO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $TMO 1 day before a corporate insider (Lowery Frederick M.  (CIK 0001777440)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"Lowery Frederick M.  (CIK 0001777440)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001127602-25-007931"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_TMO_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TMO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $TMO 1 day before a corporate insider (CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)","filingDate":"2024-10-30","adsh":"0001127602-24-026100"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_ROST_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ROST 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $ROST 1 day before a corporate insider (Rost Nicholas  (CIK 0001880681)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROST","filer":"Rost Nicholas  (CIK 0001880681)","filingDate":"2025-09-24","adsh":"0001880681-25-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_FDX_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FDX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $FDX 1 day before a corporate insider (Talwar Vishal  (CIK 0002082758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FDX","filer":"Talwar Vishal  (CIK 0002082758)","filingDate":"2025-09-24","adsh":"0001048911-25-000046"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_KDP_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KDP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $KDP 1 day before a corporate insider (Lucresca SE  (CIK 0001394212)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KDP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KDP","filer":"Lucresca SE  (CIK 0001394212)","filingDate":"2024-10-30","adsh":"0001104659-24-112739"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_MTB_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MTB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $MTB 1 day before a corporate insider (Taylor John R.  (CIK 0001984138)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MTB","filer":"Taylor John R.  (CIK 0001984138)","filingDate":"2024-10-30","adsh":"0001628280-24-044367"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_PNR_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PNR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $PNR 1 day before a corporate insider (Chiu Adrian C  (CIK 0001847585)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNR","filer":"Chiu Adrian C  (CIK 0001847585)","filingDate":"2024-10-30","adsh":"0000897069-24-002070"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_GOOGL_20250402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $GOOGL 2 days before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0000950170-25-051206"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_GOOGL_20250113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $GOOGL 2 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-01-15","adsh":"0000950170-25-005957"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_MSFT_20250609","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $MSFT 2 days before a corporate insider (Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)","filingDate":"2025-06-11","adsh":"0001062993-25-011467"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_UNH_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $UNH 2 days before a corporate insider (MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)","filingDate":"2025-09-25","adsh":"0000731766-25-000273"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_MRVL_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MRVL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $MRVL 2 days before a corporate insider (Meintjes Willem A  (CIK 0001635800)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"Meintjes Willem A  (CIK 0001635800)","filingDate":"2025-09-25","adsh":"0001628280-25-042725"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_CTAS_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CTAS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $CTAS 3 days before a corporate insider (Barstad Melanie W.  (CIK 0001532768)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTAS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTAS","filer":"Barstad Melanie W.  (CIK 0001532768)","filingDate":"2024-11-01","adsh":"0000892251-24-000116"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_LRCX_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LRCX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $LRCX 3 days before a corporate insider (Kang Ho Kyu  (CIK 0001965462)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Kang Ho Kyu  (CIK 0001965462)","filingDate":"2024-11-01","adsh":"0000707549-24-000130"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_HCA_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HCA 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $HCA 3 days before a corporate insider (Elcan Patricia F  (CIK 0001433376)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HCA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HCA","filer":"Elcan Patricia F  (CIK 0001433376)","filingDate":"2024-11-01","adsh":"0000891836-24-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_GOOGL_20250714","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $GOOGL 3 days before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-07-17","adsh":"0000950170-25-096682"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_ORCL_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $ORCL 3 days before a corporate insider (Magouyrk Clayton M.  (CIK 0002071873)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Magouyrk Clayton M.  (CIK 0002071873)","filingDate":"2025-09-26","adsh":"0001341439-25-000037"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_ORCL_20250415","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $ORCL 3 days before a corporate insider (HENLEY JEFFREY  (CIK 0001206100)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"HENLEY JEFFREY  (CIK 0001206100)","filingDate":"2025-04-18","adsh":"0001127602-25-012377"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_BAC_20241029","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BAC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle buy $BAC 3 days before a corporate insider (Scrivener Thomas M  (CIK 0001888799)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"Scrivener Thomas M  (CIK 0001888799)","filingDate":"2024-11-01","adsh":"0001127602-24-026221"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_CCI_20250923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CCI 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $CCI 3 days before a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCI","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2025-09-26","adsh":"0001539497-25-002519"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_JCI_20250819","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JCI 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $JCI 3 days before a corporate insider (Scalia Christopher M  (CIK 0001798898)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JCI","filer":"Scalia Christopher M  (CIK 0001798898)","filingDate":"2025-08-22","adsh":"0000833444-25-000069"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_KLAC_20250429","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KLAC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle sell $KLAC 3 days before a corporate insider (Samath Jamie  (CIK 0001330269)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KLAC","filer":"Samath Jamie  (CIK 0001330269)","filingDate":"2025-05-02","adsh":"0000950170-25-062787"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001094_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+61 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle accumulated 86 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 61 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":61,"totalRaw":86}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_H001094_2025-09-17_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COST 6 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle delivered a 166-word floor speech on 2025-09-17 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise to recognize a member of our com- munity doing incredible work to com- bat hunger in Eugene: Jennifer Denton. Since 2015, she has led as executive director of Burrito Brigade, a vo…\"). The member sell $COST (a Staples-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-09-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":166,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise to recognize a member of our com- munity doing incredible work to com- bat hunger in Eugene: Jennifer Denton. Since 2015, she has led as executive director of Burrito Brigade, a vo","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/09/17/171/152/CREC-2025-09-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/09/17/171/152/CREC-2025-09-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001094_2025-07-14_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MMM 14 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle delivered a 266-word floor speech on 2025-07-14 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the such time as I may consume. I am excited to see Representative DARREN SOTO’s Sinkhole Mapping Act on the floor today. This bipartisan leg- islation will direct the U.S.…\"). The member sell $MMM (a Industrials-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-07-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":266,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the such time as I may consume. I am excited to see Representative DARREN SOTO’s Sinkhole Mapping Act on the floor today. This bipartisan leg- islation will direct the U.S.","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/07/14/171/120/CREC-2025-07-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/07/14/171/120/CREC-2025-07-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001094_2025-05-20_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNH 14 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle delivered a 267-word floor speech on 2025-05-20 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, Medicaid is a critical and important safety net and a provider of affordable, accessible, appropriate healthcare, es- pecially in the rural communities I represent. Today, I will share a…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 14 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-20","chamber":"House","wordCount":267,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, Medicaid is a critical and important safety net and a provider of affordable, accessible, appropriate healthcare, es- pecially in the rural communities I represent. Today, I will share a ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/20/171/85/CREC-2025-05-20-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/20/171/85/CREC-2025-05-20-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001094_2025-05-07_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 1 day before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle delivered a 185-word floor speech on 2025-05-07 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, my district has more Social Security recipients than 87 percent of the con- gressional districts nationwide. Back home I heard a clear, urgent message from seniors. They are scared becaus…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-07","chamber":"House","wordCount":185,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, my district has more Social Security recipients than 87 percent of the con- gressional districts nationwide. Back home I heard a clear, urgent message from seniors. They are scared becaus","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/07/171/76/CREC-2025-05-07-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/07/171/76/CREC-2025-05-07-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001094_2025-01-13_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MS 11 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle delivered a 297-word floor speech on 2025-01-13 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 189, the Securities and Exchange Com- mission Real Estate Leasing Authority Revocation Act. This bill r…\"). The member buy $MS (a Finance-sector stock) 11 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-01-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":297,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 189, the Securities and Exchange Com- mission Real Estate Leasing Authority Revocation Act. This bill r","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/01/13/171/6/CREC-2025-01-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/01/13/171/6/CREC-2025-01-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_H001094_2024-11-19_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DHR 21 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle delivered a 161-word floor speech on 2024-11-19 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in recognition of Rural Health Month. One-third of Oregon’s counties are frontier counties, which have even more struggles accessing healthcare than our rural commu- nities.…\"). The member buy $DHR (a Healthcare-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-11-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":161,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in recognition of Rural Health Month. One-third of Oregon’s counties are frontier counties, which have even more struggles accessing healthcare than our rural commu- nities. ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/11/19/170/171/CREC-2024-11-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/11/19/170/171/CREC-2024-11-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_H001094_UPS","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $UPS — UPS's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle executed 1 reported trade in $UPS (UPS). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","parent":"UPS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","parent":"UPS","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=UNITED%20PARCEL%20SERVICE%20INC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=UNITED%20PARCEL%20SERVICE%20INC.%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_H001094","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $204,000","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle received campaign contributions totaling $204,000 from 28 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 28 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTW ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":28,"totalDollars":204000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES, INC. PAC (AKA GREENBRIER PAC)","ldaClient":"THE GREENBRIER COMPANIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_H001094_2025-09-23","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"154 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-09-23 — 154 unique tickers","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle executed 154 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-09-23 to 2025-09-23), spanning 154 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-09-23","windowEnd":"2025-09-23","tradeCount":154,"uniqueTickers":154,"totalDisclosedTrades":388,"sampleTickers":["BLK","AJG","JPM","MOS","GEV","BA","ULTA","ORLY","NSC","ELAN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001094","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 105 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 105 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (10); trade near vote (9); committee pac conflict (6).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":105,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":10},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":9},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001094","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_H001094","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Valerie Hoyle draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.0M PAC / $12.5M total)","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.0M of $12.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.96,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.55,"pacSharePct":39.5,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2OR04095"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OR04095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P139_H001094","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Valerie Hoyle filed 216 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 173 distinct tickers, 40 buys, 176 sells","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle filed 216 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 40 were buy transactions and 176 were sells, spanning 173 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":216,"distinctTickers":173,"buys":40,"sells":176,"sampleTickers":["BLK","AJG","JPM","MOS","GEV","BA","ULTA","ORLY","NSC","ELAN","V","QCOM"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_H001094","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Valerie Hoyle executed 6 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL UNH (7d apart)","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle has 6 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL UNH 2025-04-29 → 2025-05-06 (7d) · BUY→SELL MCK 2025-09-10 → 2025-09-23 (13d) · BUY→SELL LVMUY 2025-09-10 → 2025-09-23 (13d) · BUY→SELL AMZN 2025-09-10 → 2025-09-23 (13d) · BUY→SELL UBER 2024-10-29 → 2024-11-18 (20d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":6,"samples":[{"ticker":"UNH","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-29","date2":"2025-05-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MCK","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-09-10","date2":"2025-09-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LVMUY","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-09-10","date2":"2025-09-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-09-10","date2":"2025-09-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"UBER","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-10-29","date2":"2024-11-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ASML","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-12-27","date2":"2025-01-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_H001094","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Valerie Hoyle's PAC funding concentrates 36% in Labor ($0.07M / $0.18M classified)","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle's PAC donors concentrate 36% in the Labor industry — $0.07M of $0.18M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.07M · Technology $0.05M · Agriculture $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Education $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.18,"concentrationPct":36,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.07,"Technology":0.05,"Agriculture":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OR04095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_H001094","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Valerie Hoyle triggers 36 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle accumulates 36 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":36,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_H001094_2025-09-23","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Valerie Hoyle — 154 trades on 2025-09-23","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle disclosed 154 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-09-23). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-09-23","count":154}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_H001094","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Valerie Hoyle — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (388/388)","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":388,"atBracket":388,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_H001094","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Valerie Hoyle — 190 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle has traded 190 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":190,"sample":["BLK","AJG","JPM","MOS","GEV","BA","ULTA","ORLY","NSC","ELAN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_H001094","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Valerie Hoyle — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Valerie Hoyle has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["RBLX","UBER"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001150":[{"id":"P1_S001150_9xye5d","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 1d BEFORE HR 5147 — \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 5147 \"WIRELESS Leadership Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-09-22","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5147","title":"WIRELESS Leadership Act","introducedDate":"2025-09-23","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205147"]},{"id":"P10_S001150_diihmj","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $7,428,031 / spent $7,300,299","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00422774","cmteName":"FRONTLINE USA","year":"2010","totalReceipts":67250,"totalDisbursements":53933.8,"cashOnHand":13619.92},{"cmteId":"C00422774","cmteName":"FRONTLINE USA","year":"2012","totalReceipts":50727.5,"totalDisbursements":61110,"cashOnHand":3237.36},{"cmteId":"C00422774","cmteName":"FRONTLINE USA","year":"2014","totalReceipts":39050,"totalDisbursements":38650,"cashOnHand":3637.4},{"cmteId":"C00422774","cmteName":"FRONTLINE USA","year":"2016","totalReceipts":44637.9,"totalDisbursements":36714.8,"cashOnHand":11560.54},{"cmteId":"C00422774","cmteName":"FRONTLINE USA","year":"2018","totalReceipts":655549,"totalDisbursements":616389.2,"cashOnHand":50720.32}],"totalRaised":7428031.4,"totalSpent":7300299}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001150_54cw5w","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"93% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $4,139,830 in itemized individual contributions, $3,833,009 (93%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4139830,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-52525,"$200.01-$499":13750,"$500-$999":59046,"$1000-$1999":286550,"$2000 and over":3833009},"megaShare":92.6,"smallDonorShare":-1.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001150_mooduh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$653,450 donation spike on 2020-05-06 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-05-06 this committee recorded $653,450 across 234 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $46,700.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00422774","date":"2020-05-06","amount":653450,"count":234,"baseline":46700,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/"]},{"id":"P15_S001150_moqat3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$235,200 donation spike on 2020-02-05 — 19.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-05 this committee recorded $235,200 across 84 contributions — 19.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,140.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00422774","date":"2020-02-05","amount":235200,"count":84,"baseline":12140,"ratio":19.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/"]},{"id":"P15_S001150_mop0t4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$235,200 donation spike on 2020-04-17 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-04-17 this committee recorded $235,200 across 84 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,340.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00422774","date":"2020-04-17","amount":235200,"count":84,"baseline":24340,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/"]},{"id":"P15_S001150_7zs7zo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150,000 donation spike on 2021-12-06 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-06 this committee recorded $150,000 across 51 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,826.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00422774","date":"2021-12-06","amount":150000,"count":51,"baseline":22826,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/"]},{"id":"P15_S001150_7zthxw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,990 donation spike on 2021-10-15 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-10-15 this committee recorded $124,990 across 58 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,153.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00422774","date":"2021-10-15","amount":124990,"count":58,"baseline":15153,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/"]},{"id":"P15_S001150_kbsdp1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$123,500 donation spike on 2025-06-17 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-17 this committee recorded $123,500 across 36 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,797.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00422774","date":"2025-06-17","amount":123500,"count":36,"baseline":15797,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/"]},{"id":"P15_S001150_moqarc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,400 donation spike on 2020-02-26 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-26 this committee recorded $106,400 across 38 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,281.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00422774","date":"2020-02-26","amount":106400,"count":38,"baseline":16281,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/"]},{"id":"P18_S001150_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Adam Schiff executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-09-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands; Final 2025 and 2026 Harvest Specif","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-08-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001150_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Adam Schiff executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2021-12-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2021-07-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Medicare Coverage of Innovative Technology (MCIT) and Definition of “Reasonable and Necessary”","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-11-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program: Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Model Three Year Extension and Changes to Episode Definition ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-06-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001150_mv6tr8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adam Schiff campaign paid $994,926 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: SCHIFF, PETER DAVID","explanation":"Adam Schiff's campaign paid 18 disbursements totaling $994,926 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHIFF, PETER DAVID","total":587000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHIFF, PETER DAVID","amount":250000,"date":"2011-09-30","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN CONVERTED TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCHIFF, PETER DAVID","amount":200000,"date":"2011-09-30","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN CONVERTED TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCHIFF, PETER DAVID","amount":75000,"date":"2011-09-30","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN CONVERTED TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARENTFOX SCHIFF LLP","total":177445.64,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ARENTFOX SCHIFF LLP","amount":132932.09,"date":"2024-09-06","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ARENTFOX SCHIFF LLP","amount":44513.55,"date":"2023-01-13","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHIFF(T) THE SENATE","total":136550,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHIFF(T) THE SENATE","amount":30000,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SCHIFF(T) THE SENATE","amount":30000,"date":"2024-06-25","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SCHIFF(T) THE SENATE","amount":30000,"date":"2024-06-18","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHIFF FOR STATE SENATE","total":40000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHIFF FOR STATE SENATE","amount":25000,"date":"1996-10-02","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"SCHIFF FOR STATE SENATE","amount":15000,"date":"1996-11-04","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARENT FOX SCHIFF, LLP","total":34238,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ARENT FOX SCHIFF, LLP","amount":23080,"date":"2025-08-19","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ARENT FOX SCHIFF, LLP","amount":11158,"date":"2024-12-12","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHIFF HAPPENS INC","total":19692.1,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHIFF HAPPENS INC","amount":19692.1,"date":"2024-11-21","description":"FUNDRAISING EVENT ENTERTAINMENT","surnameMatched":"schiff","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCHIFF"]},{"id":"P25_S001150_Finance","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of PAC dollars ($1,389,654) come from Finance industry","explanation":"Adam Schiff receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Finance issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Finance","amount":1389653.5100000002,"share":63.4,"totalPAC":2193174.8100000005,"pacCount":48},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":1389653.5100000002,"share":63.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":336242.67,"share":15.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":106371.34,"share":4.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":88615.88,"share":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_S001150_63h2lm","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"LEE LAUREN DECOT\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00888347","name":"SCHIFF MIN VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"LEE LAUREN DECOT"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00885905","name":"ABC VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"LEE LAUREN DECOT"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00879619","name":"SCHIFF(T) THE SENATE","treasurer":"LEE LAUREN DECOT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001150_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHIFF, Adam voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2026-01-06","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sara Bailey, of Texas, to be Director of National Drug Control Policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":658,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":643,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001150","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Adam Schiff has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_S001150_ABBV_20211213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ABBV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Adam Schiff sell $ABBV 1 day before a corporate insider (Stewart Jeffrey Ryan  (CIK 0001761675)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"Stewart Jeffrey Ryan  (CIK 0001761675)","filingDate":"2021-12-14","adsh":"0001179110-21-010956"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001150_AAPL_20250922","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Adam Schiff sell $AAPL 8 days before a corporate insider (Khan Sabih  (CIK 0002078476)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Khan Sabih  (CIK 0002078476)","filingDate":"2025-09-30","adsh":"0002078476-25-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P51_S001150_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $779,284.56","explanation":"Adam Schiff's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $779,284.56 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 18.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":779284.5599999999,"count":18,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P53_S001150_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Adam Schiff disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_S001150","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $870,884.56","explanation":"Adam Schiff received campaign contributions totaling $870,884.56 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($779,284.56); COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA ($10,000); TSAKOPOULOS INVESTMENTS ($6,600); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":870884.5599999999,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":779284.5599999999,"exact":true},{"donorName":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA CWA-COPE PCC","ldaClient":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SOFIA L. TSAKOPOULOS INVESTMENTS","ldaClient":"TSAKOPOULOS INVESTMENTS","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED AUTO WORKERS PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P69_S001150","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $0.6M in personal liabilities (32% leverage of assets) — 4 liability items","explanation":"Adam Schiff's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $625,001.5 in personal liabilities against $1,931,007 in assets — a 32.4% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $0.6M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":625001.5,"totalAssetMid":1931007,"leverageRatio":32.4,"liabCount":4,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2020 · Joint · Mortgage · 0.00 · 3.0% (22 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Valon Mortgage, Inc. Phoenix, AZ · Mr. Cooper loan trans. to Valon Mortgage in 2024; original loan incurred 2017; refinance"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2020 · Joint · Mortgage · 0.00 · 3.0% (30 years) · $100,001 - $250,000 · PHH Mortgage Corporation West Palm Beach, FL · Snapfi loan transferred to PHH Mortgage in 2024"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"3 · 2024 · Spouse · Other (Margin Loan) · - · 7.706% (on demand) · $50,001 - $100,000 · UBS Financial Services Inc. San Diego, CA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001150","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 23 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Adam Schiff appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 23 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (7); reg rule trade proximity (2); insider front ran trade (2); trade near vote (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":23,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001150","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P83_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff discloses 5 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 5 unascertainable, 26% of 19 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 5 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 5 unascertainable) across 19 total reported assets — 26% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: UBS - Inherited IRA (--) · UBS Brokerage Account (--) · UBS - IRA (--) · UBS - IRA (--) · Franklin Templeton – Brokerage Account (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":5,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":5,"totalAssets":19,"opaqueRatio":0.263,"samples":[{"asset":"UBS - Inherited IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"UBS Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"UBS - IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"UBS - IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Franklin Templeton – Brokerage Account","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P90_S001150","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adam Schiff's campaign paid $723,550 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: SCHIFF, PETER DAVID ($587,000)","explanation":"Adam Schiff's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $723,550 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCHIFF, PETER DAVID ($587,000 across 5 payments, services: CANDIDATE LOAN CONVERTED TO CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":723550,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCHIFF, PETER DAVID","total":587000,"count":5,"descriptions":["CANDIDATE LOAN CONVERTED TO CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"SCHIFF(T) THE SENATE","total":136550,"count":6,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"schiff"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0CA27085&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_S001150","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 88 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Adam Schiff has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 88 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (88d late, filed 08/11/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":88,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/11/2025","daysLate":88,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P96_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: UBS Financial Services","explanation":"Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Other (Margin Loan) ($$50,001 - $100,000) at 7.706% (on demand) from UBS Financial Services.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Other (Margin Loan)","rate":"7.706% (on demand)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"UBS Financial Services Inc. San Diego, CA","incurred":"2024"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P100_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff's spouse earned income from 1 finance-industry payer on 2025 PFD — top: UBS Financial Services Inc.","explanation":"Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a major financial-services firm (investment bank, hedge fund, private equity, asset manager, or commercial bank). Spouse compensation from a regulated finance firm establishes ongoing household income dependence on the firm's profitability — every committee vote affecting capital requirements, broker-dealer rules, private-fund regulations, or merger-and-acquisition policy moves the senator's family balance sheet. Payers: UBS Financial Services Inc. Weehawken, (Other (Inherited IRA distribution)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_finance","year":"2025","count":1,"onFinanceCommittee":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Inherited IRA distribution)","payer":"UBS Financial Services Inc. Weehawken, NJ","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.sec.gov/edgar"]},{"id":"P101_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$8,339 disclosed) — top: Penguin Random House New","explanation":"Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $8,339 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Penguin Random House New (Royalties, $8,339.75).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":8339,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Penguin Random House New York, NY","amount":"$8,339.75"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff holds 1 ticker on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AAPL ($20.9M)","explanation":"Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $20.9M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":20.94,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895)","explanation":"Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 10,895 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":10895,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P109_S001150","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($8.8M total receipts) — top: SCHIFF LEADS PAC","explanation":"Adam Schiff appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $8.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: SCHIFF LEADS PAC (C00648626, $6.1M receipts, treasurer STEPHEN J KAUFMAN). Active years: 4, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":8.77,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00648626","name":"SCHIFF LEADS PAC","receipts":6109373.2,"treasurer":"STEPHEN J KAUFMAN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648626/"},{"committeeId":"C00838896","name":"SCHIFF VICTORY FUND","receipts":2660681.75,"treasurer":"BRENGARTH, MEGAN","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00838896/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648626/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00648626/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_S001150","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adam Schiff ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $131M across 24 cycles","explanation":"Adam Schiff's FEC-bulk record shows $131.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 24 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":131.29,"cycleCount":24,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H0CA27085"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA27085/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_S001150","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adam Schiff's PAC funding concentrates 83% in Finance ($1.38M / $1.67M classified)","explanation":"Adam Schiff's PAC donors concentrate 83% in the Finance industry — $1.38M of $1.67M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $1.38M · Technology $0.11M · Labor $0.07M · Real Estate $0.07M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":1.38,"totalPacAmountM":1.67,"concentrationPct":82.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":1.38,"Technology":0.11,"Labor":0.07,"Real Estate":0.07,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA27085/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001150","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Adam Schiff accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_S001150","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff operates leadership PAC with $7.4M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: ADVANCING DEMOCRACY AND MOBILIZATION PAC","explanation":"Adam Schiff operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $7.4M and disbursements of $7.3M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: ADVANCING DEMOCRACY AND MOBILIZATION PAC (C00422774). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":7.43,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.3,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00422774","cmteName":"ADVANCING DEMOCRACY AND MOBILIZATION PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_S001150","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff's leadership PAC disbursed $7.3M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Adam Schiff's leadership PAC disbursed $7.3M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: ADVANCING DEMOCRACY AND MOBILIZATION PAC (C00422774).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.3,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00422774","cmteName":"ADVANCING DEMOCRACY AND MOBILIZATION PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00422774/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P158_S001150","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Adam Schiff ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,817 cosponsored, 495 sponsored","explanation":"Adam Schiff's congress.gov record shows 5,817 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5817,"sponsoredCount":495,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/adam-b.-schiff/S001150","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P159_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff holds 1 non-US-domiciled stock on 2025 PFD across 1 country — UBS (Switzerland)","explanation":"Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 1 country (Switzerland). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: UBS (Switzerland, --).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":1,"countries":["Switzerland"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"UBS","country":"Switzerland","asset":"UBS - Inherited IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P164_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff's 2025 PFD shows 2 inherited-wealth indicators — top: UBS - Inherited IRA","explanation":"Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 holdings explicitly described as inherited (Inherited IRA, Estate of, Beneficiary of, Legacy fund, Bequest). Inherited assets are functionally distinct from earned wealth: they were transferred at death and typically come with stepped-up basis (IRC Section 1014), generation-skipping considerations, and minimum-distribution rules (post-SECURE Act 10-year payout for non-spouse beneficiaries). Heavy inherited-wealth holdings indicate intergenerational wealth transmission — relevant context for the senator's votes on estate tax, stepped-up basis preservation, SECURE Act amendments, and trust-and-estate tax policy. Inherited holdings: UBS - Inherited IRA · Allianze Life Insurance – Inherited Fixed Annuity Provider: .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_inherited_wealth","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"name":"UBS - Inherited IRA","type":"Retirement Plans IRA","value":"--"},{"name":"Allianze Life Insurance – Inherited Fixed Annuity Provider: Allianze Life Insurance Company Of North America F","type":"Annuity Fixed","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions"]},{"id":"P172_CA_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CA delegation: Adam Schiff & Alejandro “Alex” Padilla both flagged on 9 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from CA — Adam Schiff and Alejandro “Alex” Padilla — are flagged on the same 9 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P10, P11, P15, P19, P29, P36, P61, P83.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"CA","otherSenatorBid":"P000145","otherSenatorName":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla","sharedDetectorCount":9,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P10","P11","P15","P19","P29","P36","P61","P83","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001150","https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000145"]},{"id":"P193_S001150_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Schiff — 14 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Adam Schiff's 2025 Senate PFD shows 14 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":14,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5cbd8d8-c494-4c7c-b487-15adebdfe3c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_S001150","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Adam Schiff — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($65.6M)","explanation":"Adam Schiff is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $65.6M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":65647162,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA27085/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001080":[{"id":"P1_C001080_ll8vtz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ALL 14d BEFORE SRES 404 — \"A resolution supporting the goals and ideals of Na…\"","explanation":"Member traded ALL (Finance) within 14 days of SRES 404 \"A resolution supporting the goals and ideals of National Retirement Security Mon\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","date":"2022-01-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 404","title":"A resolution supporting the goals and ideals of National Retirement Security Month, including raising public awareness o","introducedDate":"2022-02-09","daysDiff":-14}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20404"]},{"id":"P2_C001080_5i6a5d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELECT MEDICAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Judy Chu serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from SELECT MEDICAL PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SELECT MEDICAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://chu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://asianhealth.stanford.edu/people/judy-chu","https://legiscan.com/US/people/judy-chu/id/9234"]},{"id":"P2_C001080_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Judy Chu serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://chu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://asianhealth.stanford.edu/people/judy-chu","https://legiscan.com/US/people/judy-chu/id/9234"]},{"id":"P2_C001080_d29zon","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Judy Chu serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://chu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://asianhealth.stanford.edu/people/judy-chu","https://legiscan.com/US/people/judy-chu/id/9234"]},{"id":"P2_C001080_rv6c8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL PAC 2001 gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Judy Chu serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL PAC 2001, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL PAC 2001","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://chu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://asianhealth.stanford.edu/people/judy-chu","https://legiscan.com/US/people/judy-chu/id/9234"]},{"id":"P2_C001080_aqyhxg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN DENTAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Judy Chu serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN DENTAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN DENTAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://chu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://asianhealth.stanford.edu/people/judy-chu","https://legiscan.com/US/people/judy-chu/id/9234"]},{"id":"P2_C001080_dugu4p","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Judy Chu serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://chu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://asianhealth.stanford.edu/people/judy-chu","https://legiscan.com/US/people/judy-chu/id/9234"]},{"id":"P2_C001080_r0r5ft","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Judy Chu serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://chu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://asianhealth.stanford.edu/people/judy-chu","https://legiscan.com/US/people/judy-chu/id/9234"]},{"id":"P9_C001080_whd1s0","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$16,222 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $16,222 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":16517.11,"oppose":294.78,"net":16222.33,"events":37,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13986.650000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":798.74,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":448.53000000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004403","name":"SOUTHWEST REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":378.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":294.78,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001080_kgxgqg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $242,500 / spent $191,970","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00667360","cmteName":"TOGETHER WE RISE","year":"2022","totalReceipts":62000,"totalDisbursements":54036.3,"cashOnHand":31867.38},{"cmteId":"C00667360","cmteName":"TOGETHER WE RISE","year":"2024","totalReceipts":125500,"totalDisbursements":107799.7,"cashOnHand":49567.66},{"cmteId":"C00667360","cmteName":"TOGETHER WE RISE","year":"2026","totalReceipts":55000,"totalDisbursements":30134.2,"cashOnHand":74433.42}],"totalRaised":242500,"totalSpent":191970.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001080_8sra01","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,300 donation spike on 2012-09-24 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-24 this committee recorded $83,300 across 95 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,673.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458125","date":"2012-09-24","amount":83300,"count":95,"baseline":6673,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458125/"]},{"id":"P15_C001080_nh5k7z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,416 donation spike on 2011-09-27 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-27 this committee recorded $77,416 across 88 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,073.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458125","date":"2011-09-27","amount":77416,"count":88,"baseline":7073,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458125/"]},{"id":"P15_C001080_mwwnk9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,935 donation spike on 2019-09-16 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-16 this committee recorded $75,935 across 63 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,714.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458125","date":"2019-09-16","amount":75935,"count":63,"baseline":6714,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458125/"]},{"id":"P15_C001080_l4a73r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,300 donation spike on 2016-09-19 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-19 this committee recorded $69,300 across 90 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,392.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458125","date":"2016-09-19","amount":69300,"count":90,"baseline":6392,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458125/"]},{"id":"P15_C001080_z8fknz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,960 donation spike on 2015-09-21 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-21 this committee recorded $57,960 across 61 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,436.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458125","date":"2015-09-21","amount":57960,"count":61,"baseline":5436,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458125/"]},{"id":"P15_C001080_kk1ag0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,125 donation spike on 2014-09-23 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-23 this committee recorded $54,125 across 51 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,091.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458125","date":"2014-09-23","amount":54125,"count":51,"baseline":6091,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458125/"]},{"id":"P15_C001080_6fvwvr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,516 donation spike on 2017-09-18 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-18 this committee recorded $53,516 across 48 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,686.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458125","date":"2017-09-18","amount":53516,"count":48,"baseline":6686,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458125/"]},{"id":"P18_C001080_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Judy Chu executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","date":"2022-01-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","date":"2020-12-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Weapons of Mass Destruction Trade Control Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2021-12-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Customer Margin Rules Relating to Security Futures","agency":"Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2020-11-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_C001080_1jro","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Judy Chu sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2018-10-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":21811577.12,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001080","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Judy Chu has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":0,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001080_ALL_20220126","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ALL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Judy Chu sell $ALL 5 days after a corporate insider (Prevost Patrick M.  (CIK 0001422978)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALL","filer":"Prevost Patrick M.  (CIK 0001422978)","filingDate":"2022-01-21","adsh":"0001104657-22-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P56_C001080_ALL_STATE_FLORAL","pattern_type":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"18% of contributions ($14,000 of $79,200) came from employees of ALL STATE FLORAL","explanation":"Judy Chu's principal campaign committee received $14,000 from individuals at ALL STATE FLORAL — that's 17.7% of all itemized contributions. While individual employees can each give up to $3,500/cycle, when ≥10% of a committee's funding traces to a single non-PAC employer, it signals a coordinated bundling network: HR/leadership at ALL STATE FLORAL likely organized contributions through internal fundraising. The next-largest employers contributed $3,500 (CUMMINS AND WHITE), $3,500 (ALLAN KAM), $3,500 (CAROL CHEN).","evidence":[{"source":"employer_bundling","employer":"ALL STATE FLORAL","amount":14000,"share":17.7,"totalCommittee":79200},{"source":"next_employers","top4":[{"employer":"CUMMINS AND WHITE","amount":3500},{"employer":"ALLAN KAM","amount":3500},{"employer":"CAROL CHEN","amount":3500},{"employer":"CITY OF CERRITOS","amount":3500}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00922427/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?employer=ALL%20STATE%20FLORAL"]},{"id":"P61_C001080","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $140,600","explanation":"Judy Chu received campaign contributions totaling $140,600 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION ($10,000); AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SERVICES, INC.  ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":140600,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) PAC","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SELECT MEDICAL PAC","ldaClient":"SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PSYCHOLOGY PAC OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION PRACTICE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SERVICES, INC. (FKA APA PRACTICE ORG.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001080","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $83,300 on 2012-09-24 (12.5× normal)","explanation":"Judy Chu's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $83,300 on 2012-09-24 — 12.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":363911,"maxRatio":12.5,"maxAmount":83300},{"source":"spike","date":"2012-09-24","amount":83300,"ratio":12.5,"baselineDaily":6673,"count":95,"cmteId":"C00458125","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458125&min_date=2012-09-24&max_date=2012-09-24"},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-09-27","amount":77416,"ratio":10.9,"baselineDaily":7073,"count":88,"cmteId":"C00458125","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458125&min_date=2011-09-27&max_date=2011-09-27"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-16","amount":75935,"ratio":11.3,"baselineDaily":6714,"count":63,"cmteId":"C00458125","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458125&min_date=2019-09-16&max_date=2019-09-16"},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-09-19","amount":69300,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":6392,"count":90,"cmteId":"C00458125","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458125&min_date=2016-09-19&max_date=2016-09-19"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-09-21","amount":57960,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":5436,"count":61,"cmteId":"C00458125","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458125&min_date=2015-09-21&max_date=2015-09-21"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458125&min_date=2012-09-24&max_date=2012-09-24"]},{"id":"P78_C001080","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 24 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Judy Chu appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 24 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (7); daily donation spike (7); trade near vote (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":24,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001080","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_C001080","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Judy Chu named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Judy Chu appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Judy Chu","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-judy-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Judy Chu","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-judy/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-judy-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-judy/"]},{"id":"P138_C001080","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Judy Chu draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.3M PAC / $26.7M total)","explanation":"Judy Chu's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.3M of $26.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.27,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.66,"pacSharePct":34.8,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0CA32101"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA32101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_C001080","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Judy Chu disclosed 4 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY ASTH $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Judy Chu has filed 4 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY ASTH $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-08-19 · SELL ASTH $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-08-19 · SELL AMEH $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-01-10 · BUY AMEH $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-01-10.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":4,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":400004,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ASTH","action":"BUY","date":"2025-08-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ASTH","action":"SELL","date":"2025-08-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMEH","action":"SELL","date":"2024-01-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMEH","action":"BUY","date":"2024-01-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_C001080","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Judy Chu executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ASTH (0d apart)","explanation":"Judy Chu has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ASTH 2025-08-19 → 2025-08-19 (0d) · SELL→BUY AMEH 2024-01-10 → 2024-01-10 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"ASTH","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-08-19","date2":"2025-08-19","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMEH","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-01-10","date2":"2024-01-10","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_C001080","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Judy Chu's PAC funding concentrates 45% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Judy Chu's PAC donors concentrate 45% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Labor $0.04M · Healthcare $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Finance $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":44.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Labor":0.04,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA32101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_C001080","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Judy Chu ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,256 cosponsored, 248 sponsored","explanation":"Judy Chu's congress.gov record shows 5,256 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5256,"sponsoredCount":248,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/judy-chu/C001080","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"L000597":[{"id":"P1_L000597_rjhf5c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PFE 2d BEFORE HR 2748 — \"Contact Lens Prescription Verification Modernizati…\"","explanation":"Member traded PFE (Pharma) within 2 days of HR 2748 \"Contact Lens Prescription Verification Modernization Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-10-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2748","title":"Contact Lens Prescription Verification Modernization Act","introducedDate":"2024-10-23","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202748"]},{"id":"P1_L000597_5euawd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 9219 — \"Weather Data Taxpayer Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 9219 \"Weather Data Taxpayer Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-10-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 9219","title":"Weather Data Taxpayer Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-10-07","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%209219"]},{"id":"P1_L000597_tv4q5l","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE HR 5432 — \"Tax Simplification for Americans Abroad Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 5432 \"Tax Simplification for Americans Abroad Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2024-09-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5432","title":"Tax Simplification for Americans Abroad Act","introducedDate":"2024-09-10","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205432"]},{"id":"P1_L000597_j0xlk1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 1d after HR 5201 — \"FEMA Cybersecurity Improvement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 5201 \"FEMA Cybersecurity Improvement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-07-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5201","title":"FEMA Cybersecurity Improvement Act","introducedDate":"2024-07-30","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205201"]},{"id":"P1_L000597_aweuex","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 4d BEFORE HR 4683 — \"Closing Loopholes for the Overseas Use and Develop…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 4 days of HR 4683 \"Closing Loopholes for the Overseas Use and Development of Artificial Intelligenc\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-07-05","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4683","title":"Closing Loopholes for the Overseas Use and Development of Artificial Intelligence Act","introducedDate":"2024-07-09","daysDiff":-4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204683"]},{"id":"P1_L000597_aweuex","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 4d BEFORE HR 4683 — \"Closing Loopholes for the Overseas Use and Develop…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 4 days of HR 4683 \"Closing Loopholes for the Overseas Use and Development of Artificial Intelligenc\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-07-05","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4683","title":"Closing Loopholes for the Overseas Use and Development of Artificial Intelligence Act","introducedDate":"2024-07-09","daysDiff":-4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204683"]},{"id":"P2_L000597_l9pg3w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUN gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Laurel Lee serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Defense) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Lee","http://laurellee.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfTpcgI4dhU"]},{"id":"P2_L000597_93hj1i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Laurel Lee serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Defense) and received $5,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Lee","http://laurellee.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfTpcgI4dhU"]},{"id":"P2_L000597_mfya67","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIAT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Laurel Lee serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Lee","http://laurellee.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfTpcgI4dhU"]},{"id":"P6_L000597_txpoub","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$786,108 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONSERVATIVE ACTION FUND (also direct donor)","explanation":"CONSERVATIVE ACTION FUND spent $786,108 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00742296","name":"CONSERVATIVE ACTION FUND","support":786108.17,"oppose":0,"events":16},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"BOLD ACTIVE CONSERVATIVES OF NEBRASKA PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742296/"]},{"id":"P6_L000597_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$646,243 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $646,243 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 54 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":646243.4499999998,"oppose":0,"events":54}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P9_L000597_waq2v0","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$45,027 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $45,027 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":45027.14,"oppose":0,"net":45027.14,"events":9,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":45027.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000597_6faa5j","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $383,100 / spent $236,220","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00825430","cmteName":"DOUBLE L PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":249415.7,"totalDisbursements":135615.1,"cashOnHand":119442.65},{"cmteId":"C00825430","cmteName":"DOUBLE L PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":133683.9,"totalDisbursements":100605,"cashOnHand":152521.56}],"totalRaised":383099.6,"totalSpent":236220.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000597_z52plf","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -16%)","explanation":"Of $1,926,755 in itemized individual contributions, $1,583,867 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1926755,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-315370,"$200.01-$499":54735,"$500-$999":181073,"$1000-$1999":422450,"$2000 and over":1583867},"megaShare":82.2,"smallDonorShare":-16.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000597_rzngr2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,400 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $139,400 across 86 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,382.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815373","date":"2022-06-30","amount":139400,"count":86,"baseline":17382,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815373/"]},{"id":"P15_L000597_1d36pt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,550 donation spike on 2024-03-29 — 13.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-29 this committee recorded $89,550 across 39 contributions — 13.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,527.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815373","date":"2024-03-29","amount":89550,"count":39,"baseline":6527,"ratio":13.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815373/"]},{"id":"P15_L000597_g1laux","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,750 donation spike on 2025-09-26 — 14.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-26 this committee recorded $56,750 across 28 contributions — 14.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,003.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815373","date":"2025-09-26","amount":56750,"count":28,"baseline":4003,"ratio":14.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815373/"]},{"id":"P18_L000597_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Laurel Lee executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-10-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Microbiology Devices; Reclassification of Cytomegalovirus Deoxyribonucleic Acid Quantitative Assay Devices Intended for ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-09-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000597_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Laurel Lee executed 4 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-10-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-07-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-07-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-07-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Western Aleutian District of the Bering ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-09-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"International Fisheries; Pacific Tuna Fisheries; Safe Handling and Release Practices for Sharks on Longline Vessels and ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-07-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000597_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Laurel Lee executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2024-09-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of Import Restrictions Imposed on Certain Archaeological Material of Algeria","agency":"Homeland Security Department, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Treasury Department","date":"2024-08-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_L000597_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of PAC dollars ($887,973) come from Party industry","explanation":"Laurel Lee receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":887973.1000000002,"share":81.4,"totalPAC":1091173.1,"pacCount":34},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":887973.1000000002,"share":81.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":75000,"share":6.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":43200,"share":4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":20000,"share":1.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000597","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Laurel Lee has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_L000597_JPM_20240910","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2024-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Laurel Lee executed a buy in JPM during 2024-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-10","quarter":"2024-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P43_L000597_JPM_20240910","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JPM 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Laurel Lee buy $JPM 9 days before a corporate insider (Sommadossi Jean-Pierre  (CIK 0001296995)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"Sommadossi Jean-Pierre  (CIK 0001296995)","filingDate":"2024-09-19","adsh":"0000950170-24-108233"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_L000597","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $45,000","explanation":"Laurel Lee received campaign contributions totaling $45,000 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MO STRATEGIES, INC. ON BEHALF OF DIRECT SUPPLY SEN ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP ($5,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($5,000); C&S WHOLESALE GROCERS, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":45000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"DIRECT SUPPLY, INC. PARTNERS PAC (DSI PARTNERS PAC)","ldaClient":"MO STRATEGIES, INC. ON BEHALF OF DIRECT SUPPLY SENIOR LIVING ADVOCACY, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","ldaClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL GROCERS ASSOCIATION GROCERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"C&S WHOLESALE GROCERS, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000597","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $89,550 on 2024-03-29 (13.7× normal)","explanation":"Laurel Lee's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $89,550 on 2024-03-29 — 13.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":146300,"maxRatio":14.2,"maxAmount":89550},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-29","amount":89550,"ratio":13.7,"baselineDaily":6527,"count":39,"cmteId":"C00815373","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00815373&min_date=2024-03-29&max_date=2024-03-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-26","amount":56750,"ratio":14.2,"baselineDaily":4003,"count":28,"cmteId":"C00815373","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00815373&min_date=2025-09-26&max_date=2025-09-26"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815373/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00815373&min_date=2024-03-29&max_date=2024-03-29"]},{"id":"P78_L000597","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 26 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Laurel Lee appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 26 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (6); committee pac conflict (3); daily donation spike (3); reg rule trade proximity (3); ie support concentration (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":26,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":6},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000597","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_L000597","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Laurel Lee draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.5M PAC / $11.3M total)","explanation":"Laurel Lee's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.5M of $11.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.54,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.25,"pacSharePct":31.5,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2FL15241"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL15241/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_L000597","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Laurel Lee executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY AAPL (0d apart)","explanation":"Laurel Lee has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY AAPL 2024-07-05 → 2024-07-05 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"AAPL","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-07-05","date2":"2024-07-05","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"R000612":[{"id":"P1_R000612_i856na","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HRES 286 — \"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit ce…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HRES 286 \"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit certain documents relating to th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 286","title":"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit certain documents relating to the dangerous, unaccountable use of AI by ","introducedDate":"2025-06-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20286"]},{"id":"P1_R000612_6lz752","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GOOG 0d BEFORE HRES 286 — \"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit ce…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOG (Technology) within 0 days of HRES 286 \"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit certain documents relating to th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 286","title":"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit certain documents relating to the dangerous, unaccountable use of AI by ","introducedDate":"2025-06-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20286"]},{"id":"P1_R000612_oop3ym","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GOOGL 0d BEFORE HRES 286 — \"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit ce…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 0 days of HRES 286 \"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit certain documents relating to th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 286","title":"Of inquiry requesting the President to transmit certain documents relating to the dangerous, unaccountable use of AI by ","introducedDate":"2025-06-03","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20286"]},{"id":"P1_R000612_uz7dmy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GOOG 3d BEFORE HR 6012 — \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded GOOG (Technology) within 3 days of HR 6012 \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain \", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2019-11-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206012"]},{"id":"P1_R000612_r7v3zq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL WFC 3d BEFORE HR 441 — \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any pers…\" · sponsor R-MT","explanation":"Member traded WFC (Finance) within 3 days of HR 441 \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies ap\", sponsored by Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2019-11-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 441","title":"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies appropriate security personnel of suspicio","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"R000571","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"MT","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20441"]},{"id":"P1_R000612_n8ce4a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL BAC 3d BEFORE HR 441 — \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any pers…\" · sponsor R-MT","explanation":"Member traded BAC (Finance) within 3 days of HR 441 \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies ap\", sponsored by Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2019-11-12","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 441","title":"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies appropriate security personnel of suspicio","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"R000571","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"MT","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20441"]},{"id":"P1_R000612_vwaveq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GOOGL 3d BEFORE HR 6012 — \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 3 days of HR 6012 \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain \", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2019-11-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206012"]},{"id":"P1_R000612_79hjiu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 3d BEFORE HR 6012 — \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 3 days of HR 6012 \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain \", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2019-11-12","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206012"]},{"id":"P6_R000612_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,335,391 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $3,335,391 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":3335390.9200000004,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P7_R000612_qp3p1k","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,672,338 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,672,338 opposing this member across 100 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1672338.49,"totalSupport":4063917.4400000004,"events":100,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1574786.24},{"name":"The Governing Majority Fund","oppose":97552.25}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000612_7c7olg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $262,208 / spent $244,478","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00697698","cmteName":"REPUBLICANS OFFERING SOLUTIONS FOR EVERYONE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":50140.8,"totalDisbursements":37581.9,"cashOnHand":12558.89},{"cmteId":"C00697698","cmteName":"REPUBLICANS OFFERING SOLUTIONS FOR EVERYONE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":108722.1,"totalDisbursements":80367.2,"cashOnHand":40913.85},{"cmteId":"C00697698","cmteName":"REPUBLICANS OFFERING SOLUTIONS FOR EVERYONE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":83345.1,"totalDisbursements":104643.6,"cashOnHand":19615.28},{"cmteId":"C00697698","cmteName":"REPUBLICANS OFFERING SOLUTIONS FOR EVERYONE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":20000,"totalDisbursements":21884.8,"cashOnHand":17730.45}],"totalRaised":262208,"totalSpent":244477.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_R000612_77dqdo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -6%)","explanation":"Of $3,628,748 in itemized individual contributions, $2,588,387 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3628748,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-219611,"$200.01-$499":98250,"$500-$999":297579,"$1000-$1999":864143,"$2000 and over":2588387},"megaShare":71.3,"smallDonorShare":-6.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000612_jr47zn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,950 donation spike on 2019-06-17 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-17 this committee recorded $64,950 across 35 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,566.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652743","date":"2019-06-17","amount":64950,"count":35,"baseline":7566,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652743/"]},{"id":"P18_R000612_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John W. Rose executed 3 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-06-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-06-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-06-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services Price, Utah","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-05-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services Price, Utah","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-05-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000612_cbgyh3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John W. Rose campaign paid $15,778,797 to 27 surname-matched vendors, top: BAKER HOSTETLER","explanation":"John W. Rose's campaign paid 113 disbursements totaling $15,778,797 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAKER HOSTETLER","total":3707869.67,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"BAKER HOSTETLER","amount":951842.23,"date":"2019-09-16","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BAKER HOSTETLER","amount":441565.3,"date":"2019-03-12","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BAKER HOSTETLER","amount":424355.51,"date":"2019-04-05","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLUE ROSE RESEARCH","total":3519349.3600000003,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"BLUE ROSE RESEARCH","amount":778327,"date":"2025-01-28","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"rose","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BLUE ROSE RESEARCH","amount":513680,"date":"2024-04-16","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"rose","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BLUE ROSE RESEARCH","amount":302860,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"rose","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE BAKER GROUP LLC","total":1289839.8499999999,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"THE BAKER GROUP LLC","amount":508308.13,"date":"2020-11-16","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING/DATA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"THE BAKER GROUP LLC","amount":210242.82,"date":"2025-02-25","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING/TRAVEL/SUPPLIES/ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"THE BAKER GROUP LLC","amount":150000,"date":"2024-08-14","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEMPLAR BAKER GROUP LLC","total":1255571.4500000002,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"TEMPLAR BAKER GROUP LLC","amount":196142.85,"date":"2024-11-26","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEMPLAR BAKER GROUP LLC","amount":145278.07,"date":"2025-12-30","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"TEMPLAR BAKER GROUP LLC","amount":124870.65,"date":"2025-10-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAKER & HOSTETLER LLP","total":1030989.5200000001,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"BAKER & HOSTETLER LLP","amount":198510,"date":"2024-01-17","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BAKER & HOSTETLER LLP","amount":183756.93,"date":"2024-03-27","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BAKER & HOSTETLER LLP","amount":152241.39,"date":"2020-12-01","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"baker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-06-30","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"rose","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BAKER%20HOSTETLER"]},{"id":"P25_R000612_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of PAC dollars ($313,813) come from Party industry","explanation":"John W. Rose receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":313812.7800000001,"share":69.3,"totalPAC":452654.7100000001,"pacCount":15},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":313812.7800000001,"share":69.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":44339.08,"share":9.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":34502.85,"share":7.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":20000,"share":4.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000612","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"John W. Rose has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_R000612_MSFT_20250603","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John W. Rose executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000612_GOOG_20250603","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOG in 2025-Q2 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John W. Rose executed a sell in GOOG during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLOUD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000612_GOOGL_20250603","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2025-Q2 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John W. Rose executed a sell in GOOGL during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLOUD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000612_GOOG_20191112","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOG in 2019-Q4 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John W. Rose executed a sell in GOOG during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE), GOOGLE, INC. ON BEHALF OF X). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-12","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE)","GOOGLE, INC. ON BEHALF OF X","GOOGLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000612_WFC_20191112","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of WFC in 2019-Q4 while WELLS FARGO & COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John W. Rose executed a sell in WFC during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-12","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000612_BAC_20191112","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2019-Q4 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John W. Rose executed a sell in BAC during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-12","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000612_GOOGL_20191112","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2019-Q4 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John W. Rose executed a sell in GOOGL during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE), GOOGLE, INC. ON BEHALF OF X). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-12","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS GOOGLE)","GOOGLE, INC. ON BEHALF OF X","GOOGLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000612_MSFT_20191112","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2019-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John W. Rose executed a sell in MSFT during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-12","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_R000612_GOOGL_20250603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John W. Rose sell $GOOGL 1 day after a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-06-02","adsh":"0000950170-25-080442","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000612_GOOGL_20250603","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John W. Rose sell $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-06-04","adsh":"0000950170-25-081829"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000612_MSFT_20250603","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John W. Rose sell $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)","filingDate":"2025-06-11","adsh":"0001062993-25-011467"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_R000612_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_118957","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John W. Rose sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118957","title":"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market","date":"2026-02-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MOR","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MOR"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MOR"]},{"id":"P47_R000612_AgWest_Farm_Credit_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AgWest Farm Credit testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"John W. Rose sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mrs. Mandy Minick (AgWest Farm Credit) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Mandy Minick","witnessOrg":"AgWest Farm Credit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_R000612_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"John W. Rose sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_R000612_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_119232","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John W. Rose sits on House Financial Services, which on 2026-04-28 held a hearing titled \"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"119232","title":"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities","date":"2026-04-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MOR","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MOR"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MOR"]},{"id":"P48_R000612_118324","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 3 days before a Technology hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","explanation":"John W. Rose sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_R000612","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $61,102.85","explanation":"John W. Rose received campaign contributions totaling $61,102.85 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($19,502.85); MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); DALLAS SAFARI CLUB ($10,000); GARY AND MARY WEST HEALTH INSTITUTE, INC ($6,600); FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":61102.85,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":19502.85,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MOR","ldaClient":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SAFARI CLUB INTERNATIONAL PAC (SCI-PAC)","ldaClient":"DALLAS SAFARI CLUB","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WEST, GARY L.","ldaClient":"GARY AND MARY WEST HEALTH INSTITUTE, INC","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_R000612","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 34 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John W. Rose appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 34 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (8); lobbying timeline trade (8); hearing witness donor (4); insider front ran trade (2); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":34,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":8},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000612","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_R000612","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John W. Rose's campaign paid $4,812,449 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: BLUE ROSE RESEARCH ($3,519,349)","explanation":"John W. Rose's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 18 payments totaling $4,812,449 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BLUE ROSE RESEARCH ($3,519,349 across 15 payments, services: RESEARCH · MEDIA PRODUCTION · RESEARCH & STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":4812449.36,"paymentCount":18,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BLUE ROSE RESEARCH","total":3519349.3600000003,"count":15,"descriptions":["RESEARCH","MEDIA PRODUCTION","RESEARCH & STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE DONATION"]},{"payee":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION DBA BLUE ROSE ACTION","total":160000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLLING"]},{"payee":"OPEN LABS DBA BLUE ROSE RESEARCH","total":133100,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: RESEARCH CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"rose"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8TN06094&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P105_R000612","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Rose named on 1 SEC Schedule 13D/G filing — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"John W. Rose appears as a named filer on 1 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filing (most recent: 2011-02-23, form SC 13D/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":1,"latest":{"fileDate":"2011-02-23","form":"SC 13D/A","displayNames":["JACKSONVILLE BANCORP INC /FL/  (CIK 0001071264)","ROSE JOHN W  (CIK 0001091449)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001071264&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1071264/000101532511000009/0001015325-11-000009-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1071264/000101532511000009/0001015325-11-000009-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001071264&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P109_R000612","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Rose named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.3M total receipts) — top: ROSE VICTORY FUND","explanation":"John W. Rose appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: ROSE VICTORY FUND (C00685933, $1.3M receipts, treasurer KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA). Active years: 2, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.34,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00685933","name":"ROSE VICTORY FUND","receipts":1342316.77,"treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00685933/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00685933/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00685933/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P140_R000612","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John W. Rose disclosed 18 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 14 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL SYMBOL: OGVXX $1,000,001 - $5,000,000","explanation":"John W. Rose has filed 18 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 14 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL SYMBOL: OGVXX $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2025-06-23 · SELL MSFT $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-06-03 · SELL SYMBOL: AEPGX $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-06-03 · SELL SYMBOL $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2025-06-03.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":18,"veryHighCount":14,"lowerBoundSum":7150018,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"SYMBOL: OGVXX","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-23","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"SYMBOL: AEPGX","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"SYMBOL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"SMCWX","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"SYMBOL: AGTHX","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-03","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_R000612","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Rose executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL SYMBOL: OGVXX (20d apart)","explanation":"John W. Rose has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL SYMBOL: OGVXX 2025-06-03 → 2025-06-23 (20d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"SYMBOL: OGVXX","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-06-03","date2":"2025-06-23","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_R000612","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John W. Rose triggers 17 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John W. Rose accumulates 17 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":17,"distinctDetectorTypes":22}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_R000612_2025-06-03","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Rose — 10 trades on 2025-06-03","explanation":"John W. Rose disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-06-03). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-06-03","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_R000612","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Rose — 7 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"John W. Rose disclosed 7 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":21,"noTickerTrades":7}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"K000376":[{"id":"P1_K000376_jfer8w","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL UNP 10d BEFORE HR 8870 — \"To rename the portion of United States Highway 75…\"","explanation":"Member traded UNP (Transportation) within 10 days of HR 8870 \"To rename the portion of United States Highway 75 between President George Bush \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2024-11-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8870","title":"To rename the portion of United States Highway 75 between President George Bush Turnpike and United States Highway 380 a","introducedDate":"2024-11-18","daysDiff":-10}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208870"]},{"id":"P18_K000376_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Kelly executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2024-11-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-18,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Management Regulation; Updating Transportation Management, With Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility ","agency":"General Services Administration","date":"2024-11-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000376_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Kelly executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2024-11-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2024-04-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2024 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-10-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services Greenville, South Carolina","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2024-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000376_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Kelly executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2024-04-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustments; Annual Adjustments","agency":"Interior Department, Indian Affairs Bureau","date":"2024-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000376_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Kelly executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2024-04-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of Import Restrictions Imposed on Archaeological and Ecclesiastical Ethnological Material From Honduras","agency":"Homeland Security Department, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Treasury Department","date":"2024-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000376_3baty9","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Kelly campaign paid $23,904,762 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","explanation":"Mike Kelly's campaign paid 94 disbursements totaling $23,904,762 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","total":12894540.570000002,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":6155860.02,"date":"2020-12-04","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":2079928.51,"date":"2020-12-11","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":1889366.58,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":272672.61,"date":"2016-08-01","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":269370.66,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":249489.71,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","total":1782400,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":584400,"date":"2016-03-21","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":300000,"date":"2016-03-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":284000,"date":"2016-03-09","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":623083.89,"date":"2004-09-24","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":484503.17,"date":"2004-12-09","description":"MAILING COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":449855.22,"date":"2005-08-05","description":"GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","total":1500000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","amount":1250000,"date":"2021-01-24","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","amount":250000,"date":"2021-04-14","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAUGHTRY, KELLY","total":650000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DAUGHTRY, KELLY","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DAUGHTRY, KELLY","amount":200000,"date":"2022-05-12","description":"IN-KIND:MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GEORGIANS%20FOR%20KELLY%20LOEFFLER"]},{"id":"P32_K000376","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"62% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 9.6× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 13 disclosed trades, 8 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 9.6× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":8,"total":13,"rate":61.5},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":9.56}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_K000376_INTC_20241201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in INTC 23 days before FTC action","explanation":"Mike Kelly sold INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2024-12-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against IntelliVision Technologies for Deceptive Claims About its Facial Recognition Software","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-takes-action-against-intellivision-technologies-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/12/ftc-takes-action-against-intellivision-technologies-deceptive-claims-about-its-facial-recognition"]},{"id":"P42_K000376_UNP_20241108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Kelly sell $UNP 3 days after a corporate insider (Jalali Rahul  (CIK 0001980217)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"Jalali Rahul  (CIK 0001980217)","filingDate":"2024-11-05","adsh":"0000100885-24-000227","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000376_META_20240412","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $META 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Kelly sell $META 3 days after a corporate insider (Olivan Javier  (CIK 0001564475)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Olivan Javier  (CIK 0001564475)","filingDate":"2024-04-09","adsh":"0000950103-24-005088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000376_VZ_20240412","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Kelly sell $VZ 3 days before a corporate insider (Silliman Craig L.  (CIK 0001629703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Silliman Craig L.  (CIK 0001629703)","filingDate":"2024-04-15","adsh":"0001062993-24-008394"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000376_CLF_20240328","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CLF 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Kelly buy $CLF 6 days before a corporate insider (Fisher Robert P Jr  (CIK 0001616826)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLF","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLF","filer":"Fisher Robert P Jr  (CIK 0001616826)","filingDate":"2024-04-03","adsh":"0000764065-24-000096"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000376_USB_20240411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $USB 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Kelly sell $USB 8 days before a corporate insider (Bridges Dorothy J  (CIK 0001754491)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"Bridges Dorothy J  (CIK 0001754491)","filingDate":"2024-04-19","adsh":"0001225208-24-005147"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_K000376","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $156,300","explanation":"Mike Kelly received campaign contributions totaling $156,300 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,300); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); ERNST & YOUNG LLP ($10,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTO AUCTION ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":156300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ERNST & YOUNG PAC","ldaClient":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTO AUCTION ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTO AUCTION ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_K000376","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Kelly named in 3 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Mike Kelly appears as a named subject in 3 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":3,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Mike Kelly","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-mike-kelly/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Mike Kelly","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-32/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Mike Kelly","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-mike/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-mike-kelly/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-32/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-mike/"]},{"id":"P90_K000376","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Kelly's campaign paid $6,542,420 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP ($3,793,573)","explanation":"Mike Kelly's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $6,542,420 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP ($3,793,573 across 20 payments, services: BENEFITS COST · BENEFITS-MED/DENT). Cycles covered: 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542420.030000001,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"descriptions":["BENEFITS COST","BENEFITS-MED/DENT"]},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","MAILING COST","GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"COOPER, KELLY","total":400000,"count":2,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"DORAN, KELLY","total":250000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVENESS"]},{"payee":"SCOTT & MADISON, KELLY","total":198071,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]}],"surname":"kelly"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0PA03271&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_K000376","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Kelly draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.3M PAC / $29.4M total)","explanation":"Mike Kelly's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.3M of $29.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.34,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.36,"pacSharePct":59.1,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0PA03271"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0PA03271/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_K000376","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Kelly executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL X (17d apart)","explanation":"Mike Kelly has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL X 2025-06-03 → 2025-06-20 (17d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"X","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-06-03","date2":"2025-06-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"W000779":[{"id":"P1_W000779_wjbp28","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL LLY 2d BEFORE HR 89 — \"Prescription Freedom Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 2 days of HR 89 \"Prescription Freedom Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-02-10","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 89","title":"Prescription Freedom Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-02-12","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2089"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_pgzvj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY LLY 1d BEFORE HR 4303 — \"To direct the Secretary of State to designate as f…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 1 days of HR 4303 \"To direct the Secretary of State to designate as foreign terrorist organizations\", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-01-22","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4303","title":"To direct the Secretary of State to designate as foreign terrorist organizations certain Mexican drug cartels and submit","introducedDate":"2025-01-23","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204303"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_fwy6rq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PYPL 7d after SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded PYPL (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_2e2svv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL FDX 6d after SRES 457 — \"A resolution to authorize testimony and representa…\"","explanation":"Member traded FDX (Transportation) within 6 days of SRES 457 \"A resolution to authorize testimony and representation in Kuwait & Gulf Link Tra\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 457","title":"A resolution to authorize testimony and representation in Kuwait & Gulf Link Transport Co., et al. v. John Doe, et al. (","introducedDate":"2022-11-05","daysDiff":6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20457"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_ifgdqd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NFLX 7d after SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_vn7rpi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL META 7d after SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_aok9so","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL STX 7d after SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded STX (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_wuhzoh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SQ 7d after SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded SQ (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_3hb3od","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 43d after own bill SRES 309 — \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Intern…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored SRES 309 \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small bus\" AND traded AAPL (Technology) within 43 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-02-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 309","title":"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small businesses.","introducedDate":"2022-01-12","daysDiff":43,"sponsorName":"Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]","sponsorBioguide":"W000779","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"OR","selfSponsor":true}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20309"]},{"id":"P1_W000779_3hb3od","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AAPL 43d after own bill SRES 309 — \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Intern…\"","explanation":"Member sponsored SRES 309 \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small bus\" AND traded AAPL (Technology) within 43 days. This is the rarest and most direct conflict the engine detects: the member controls both sides — the legislation and the position.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-02-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 309","title":"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small businesses.","introducedDate":"2022-01-12","daysDiff":43,"sponsorName":"Sen. 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Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00392738","cmteName":"HOOPS PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":313965.2,"totalDisbursements":311062,"cashOnHand":27880.79},{"cmteId":"C00392738","cmteName":"HOOPS PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":181557.2,"totalDisbursements":193788.5,"cashOnHand":15649.57},{"cmteId":"C00392738","cmteName":"HOOPS PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":885935.3,"totalDisbursements":779434.8,"cashOnHand":122150.02},{"cmteId":"C00392738","cmteName":"HOOPS PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":863219.7,"totalDisbursements":898318,"cashOnHand":87051.64},{"cmteId":"C00392738","cmteName":"HOOPS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":830960,"totalDisbursements":880713.8,"cashOnHand":37297.84}],"totalRaised":6281829.1,"totalSpent":6184791.199999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_W000779_ihfy3r","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"91% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $867,488 in itemized individual contributions, $790,600 (91%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":867488,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":1610,"$500-$999":13500,"$1000-$1999":61778,"$2000 and over":790600},"megaShare":91.1,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000779_UPS_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UPS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-08, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UPS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UPS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000779","name":"Ron Wyden"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000779_CAT_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"W000779","name":"Ron Wyden"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000779_TEL_2020-04-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TEL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-22 and 2020-04-24, 3 members took the same direction on TEL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TEL","date":"2020-04-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TEL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"W000779","name":"Ron Wyden"}],"span":"2020-04-22 to 2020-04-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000779_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ron Wyden executed 3 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-06-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-01-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Hematology and Pathology Devices; Classification of the Coagulation System for the Measurement of Whole","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-05-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs: Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment and Ambulatory Surgical Center Payment Systems; ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-01-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000779_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"107 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ron Wyden executed 107 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2022-11-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2022-11-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2022-11-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","date":"2022-11-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revised Reporting Requirements Due to Catastrophic Conditions for Federal Seafood Dealers, Individual Fishing Quota Deal","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-10-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revised Reporting Requirements Due to Catastrophic Conditions for Federal Seafood Dealers, Individual Fishing Quota Deal","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-10-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000779_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ron Wyden executed 11 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2022-11-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-7,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2020-08-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2020-08-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2020-08-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":17,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Bylaws","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2022-11-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Governing Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2020 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-08-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000779_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ron Wyden executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-08-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; West Side of Moran Bay St. Ignace, MI","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2020-07-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-03-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000779_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ron Wyden executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2020-04-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Short-Term Investment Funds","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency","date":"2020-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000779_us4up3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden campaign paid $133,900 to 2 surname-matched vendors, top: WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY","explanation":"Ron Wyden's campaign paid 9 disbursements totaling $133,900 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY","total":113900,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY","amount":15000,"date":"2024-08-31","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wyden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY","amount":15000,"date":"2023-11-05","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wyden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY","amount":15000,"date":"2023-11-26","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wyden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY 2026","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY 2026","amount":20000,"date":"2025-11-30","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wyden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WYDEN%20FUND%20FOR%20A%20SENATE%20MAJORITY"]},{"id":"P36_W000779","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 22 total findings","explanation":"Ron Wyden has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":22,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_W000779_LLY_20250210","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LLY in 2025-Q1 while ELI LILLY AND COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a sell in LLY during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, ELI LILLY & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-10","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","ELI LILLY & COMPANY","LILLY USA, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_LLY_20250122","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LLY in 2025-Q1 while ELI LILLY AND COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in LLY during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, ELI LILLY & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-22","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","ELI LILLY & COMPANY","LILLY USA, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_NFLX_20221111","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2022-Q4 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a sell in NFLX during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_META_20221111","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of META in 2022-Q4 while AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a sell in META during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY, META PLATFORMS, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY","META PLATFORMS, INC.","PRECISION CASTPARTS CORP FORMERLY KNOWN AS TITANIUM METALS CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AAPL_20220224","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2022-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a sell in AAPL during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AAPL_20220224","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2022-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in AAPL during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AAPL_20200902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2020-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in AAPL during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-02","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AAPL_20200827","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2020-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in AAPL during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-27","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AAPL_20200807","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2020-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in AAPL during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_MSFT_20200731","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2020-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in MSFT during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-31","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_MSFT_20200723","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2020-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in MSFT during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-23","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AAPL_20200706","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2020-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in AAPL during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-06","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AAPL_20200623","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2020-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in AAPL during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-23","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_NFLX_20200603","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2020-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in NFLX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-03","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AMZN_20200417","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2020-Q2 while AMAZON.COM, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in AMZN during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, INC., AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-17","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM, INC.","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_GOOG_20200417","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOG in 2020-Q2 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in GOOG during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-17","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE INC.","WING (FORMERLY X (GOOGLE INC ))"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000779_AMZN_20200406","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2020-Q2 while AMAZON.COM, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed a buy in AMZN during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, INC., AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM, INC.","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_AMZN_20200901","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-08-31","adsh":"0001127602-20-024467","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_AMAT_20200623","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AMAT 1 day after a corporate insider (Karsner Alexander  (CIK 0001446059)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Karsner Alexander  (CIK 0001446059)","filingDate":"2020-06-22","adsh":"0001127602-20-020215","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_FDX_20200814","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FDX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $FDX 1 day after a corporate insider (STEINER DAVID P  (CIK 0001197040)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FDX","filer":"STEINER DAVID P  (CIK 0001197040)","filingDate":"2020-08-13","adsh":"0001127602-20-023549","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_COUP_20200617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COUP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $COUP 1 day after a corporate insider (van Veenendaal Frank  (CIK 0001386395)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COUP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COUP","filer":"van Veenendaal Frank  (CIK 0001386395)","filingDate":"2020-06-16","adsh":"0001214659-20-005661","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_PYPL_20200520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PYPL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $PYPL 2 days after a corporate insider (SCHULMAN DANIEL H  (CIK 0001215315)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"SCHULMAN DANIEL H  (CIK 0001215315)","filingDate":"2020-05-18","adsh":"0001633917-20-000097","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_UPS_20200821","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UPS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $UPS 2 days after a corporate insider (Cesarone Nando  (CIK 0001733586)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"Cesarone Nando  (CIK 0001733586)","filingDate":"2020-08-19","adsh":"0001225208-20-010754","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_AMAT_20200605","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AMAT 2 days after a corporate insider (READ CHARLES  (CIK 0001587870)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"READ CHARLES  (CIK 0001587870)","filingDate":"2020-06-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-018730","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_T_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $T 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $T 3 days after a corporate insider (RANKIN ALFRED M ET AL  (CIK 0000904532)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"RANKIN ALFRED M ET AL  (CIK 0000904532)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013196","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_INTC_20200803","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $INTC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $INTC 3 days after a corporate insider (WEISLER DION J  (CIK 0001580693)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"WEISLER DION J  (CIK 0001580693)","filingDate":"2020-07-31","adsh":"0001127602-20-022428","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_SBUX_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SBUX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $SBUX 3 days after a corporate insider (ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013258","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_KLAC_20210226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KLAC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $KLAC 3 days after a corporate insider (Donzella Oreste  (CIK 0001802832)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KLAC","filer":"Donzella Oreste  (CIK 0001802832)","filingDate":"2021-02-23","adsh":"0001628280-21-002817","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_AAPL_20200827","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AAPL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AAPL 3 days after a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2020-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-20-000064","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_CAT_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CAT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $CAT 3 days after a corporate insider (CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001654648-20-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_BLL_20200507","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BLL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $BLL 3 days after a corporate insider (NIEKAMP CYNTHIA A  (CIK 0001169207)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLL","filer":"NIEKAMP CYNTHIA A  (CIK 0001169207)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0001562180-20-003297","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_BALL_20221111","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BALL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $BALL 3 days after a corporate insider (LONG BALL PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001308057)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BALL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BALL","filer":"LONG BALL PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001308057)","filingDate":"2022-11-08","adsh":"0000899243-22-035385","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_GRUB_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GRUB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $GRUB 3 days after a corporate insider (DeWitt Adam  (CIK 0001393867)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GRUB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GRUB","filer":"DeWitt Adam  (CIK 0001393867)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023333","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_DNKN_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DNKN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $DNKN 3 days after a corporate insider (DINOVI ANTHONY  (CIK 0001214208)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DNKN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DNKN","filer":"DINOVI ANTHONY  (CIK 0001214208)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023084","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_UBER_20200511","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UBER 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $UBER 4 days after a corporate insider (Camp Garrett  (CIK 0001775382)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Camp Garrett  (CIK 0001775382)","filingDate":"2020-05-07","adsh":"0001562180-20-003476","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_AVGO_20210330","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AVGO 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $AVGO 4 days after a corporate insider (Spears Kirsten M.  (CIK 0001670725)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Spears Kirsten M.  (CIK 0001670725)","filingDate":"2021-03-26","adsh":"0001730168-21-000063","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_XOM_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $XOM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $XOM 4 days after a corporate insider (Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012570","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_STX_20210305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $STX 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $STX 4 days after a corporate insider (Geldmacher Jay L  (CIK 0001462488)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STX","filer":"Geldmacher Jay L  (CIK 0001462488)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001137789-21-000012","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_DIS_20210127","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DIS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $DIS 5 days after a corporate insider (McCarthy Christine M  (CIK 0001332169)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"McCarthy Christine M  (CIK 0001332169)","filingDate":"2021-01-22","adsh":"0001744489-21-000023","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_GOOG_20200408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOG 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $GOOG 5 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023000","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_SQ_20200824","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SQ 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $SQ 5 days after a corporate insider (VINIAR DAVID A  (CIK 0001090352)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"VINIAR DAVID A  (CIK 0001090352)","filingDate":"2020-08-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-047536","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_AVGO_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AVGO 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AVGO 5 days after a corporate insider (HARTENSTEIN EDDY W  (CIK 0001142524)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"HARTENSTEIN EDDY W  (CIK 0001142524)","filingDate":"2020-04-01","adsh":"0001730168-20-000073","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000779_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ron Wyden accumulated 28 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_GOOG_20200521","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $GOOG 1 day before a corporate insider (Brin Sergey  (CIK 0001295032)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Brin Sergey  (CIK 0001295032)","filingDate":"2020-05-22","adsh":"0001209191-20-031643"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_AMZN_20200901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (Zapolsky David  (CIK 0001557979)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Zapolsky David  (CIK 0001557979)","filingDate":"2020-09-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-024639"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_AMZN_20200406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-04-07","adsh":"0000899243-20-010405"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_SQ_20200824","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SQ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $SQ 1 day before a corporate insider (Atlas Venture Fund X, L.P.  (CIK 0001628098)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Atlas Venture Fund X, L.P.  (CIK 0001628098)","filingDate":"2020-08-25","adsh":"0000899243-20-023368"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_AVGO_20210330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AVGO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $AVGO 1 day before a corporate insider (You Harry L.  (CIK 0001432602)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"You Harry L.  (CIK 0001432602)","filingDate":"2021-03-31","adsh":"0001730168-21-000069"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_KLAC_20200604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KLAC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $KLAC 1 day before a corporate insider (Little Teri A.  (CIK 0001656471)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KLAC","filer":"Little Teri A.  (CIK 0001656471)","filingDate":"2020-06-05","adsh":"0001628280-20-009098"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_LLY_20250122","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LLY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $LLY 1 day before a corporate insider (LUCIANO JUAN R  (CIK 0001455792)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"LUCIANO JUAN R  (CIK 0001455792)","filingDate":"2025-01-23","adsh":"0000059478-25-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_NVDA_20200526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NVDA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $NVDA 2 days before a corporate insider (SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)","filingDate":"2020-05-28","adsh":"0001045810-20-000069"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_KR_20200824","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $KR 2 days before a corporate insider (Sridhar KR  (CIK 0001746277)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Sridhar KR  (CIK 0001746277)","filingDate":"2020-08-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-048472"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_PYPL_20200520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PYPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $PYPL 2 days before a corporate insider (DORMAN DAVID W  (CIK 0001082870)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"DORMAN DAVID W  (CIK 0001082870)","filingDate":"2020-05-22","adsh":"0001633917-20-000113"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_UPS_20200817","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UPS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $UPS 2 days before a corporate insider (Cesarone Nando  (CIK 0001733586)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"Cesarone Nando  (CIK 0001733586)","filingDate":"2020-08-19","adsh":"0001225208-20-010754"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_LLY_20250210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LLY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $LLY 2 days before a corporate insider (Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)","filingDate":"2025-02-12","adsh":"0000059478-25-000061"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_COUP_20200624","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COUP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $COUP 2 days before a corporate insider (Riggs Mark  (CIK 0001752449)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COUP","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COUP","filer":"Riggs Mark  (CIK 0001752449)","filingDate":"2020-06-26","adsh":"0001214659-20-005905"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_GRUB_20200406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GRUB 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $GRUB 2 days before a corporate insider (DeWitt Adam  (CIK 0001393867)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GRUB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GRUB","filer":"DeWitt Adam  (CIK 0001393867)","filingDate":"2020-04-08","adsh":"0001209191-20-023933"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_F_20200417","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $F 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $F 3 days before a corporate insider (CHARLES F. DOLAN CHILDREN TRUST FBO DEBORAH DOLAN-SWEENEY  (CIK 0001505845)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"CHARLES F. DOLAN CHILDREN TRUST FBO DEBORAH DOLAN-SWEENEY  (CIK 0001505845)","filingDate":"2020-04-20","adsh":"0001209191-20-025131"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_AVGO_20200406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AVGO 3 days before a corporate insider (Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)","filingDate":"2020-04-09","adsh":"0001730168-20-000084"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_AMAT_20210406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMAT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $AMAT 3 days before a corporate insider (ADDIEGO GINETTO  (CIK 0001318062)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"ADDIEGO GINETTO  (CIK 0001318062)","filingDate":"2021-04-09","adsh":"0001127602-21-013578"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_STZ_20210406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $STZ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $STZ 3 days before a corporate insider (Newlands William A  (CIK 0001531376)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STZ","filer":"Newlands William A  (CIK 0001531376)","filingDate":"2021-04-09","adsh":"0000016918-21-000054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_STX_20210305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $STX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $STX 3 days before a corporate insider (LUCZO STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001248260)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STX","filer":"LUCZO STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001248260)","filingDate":"2021-03-08","adsh":"0001137789-21-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_STX_20210226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $STX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $STX 3 days before a corporate insider (Geldmacher Jay L  (CIK 0001462488)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STX","filer":"Geldmacher Jay L  (CIK 0001462488)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001137789-21-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_BALL_20221111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BALL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden sell $BALL 3 days before a corporate insider (LONG BALL PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001308057)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BALL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BALL","filer":"LONG BALL PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001308057)","filingDate":"2022-11-14","adsh":"0000899243-22-035760"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_AMZN_20200501","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AMZN 5 days before a corporate insider (Jassy Andrew R  (CIK 0001374545)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Jassy Andrew R  (CIK 0001374545)","filingDate":"2020-05-06","adsh":"0001127602-20-015670"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_AMAT_20200617","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AMAT 5 days before a corporate insider (Karsner Alexander  (CIK 0001446059)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Karsner Alexander  (CIK 0001446059)","filingDate":"2020-06-22","adsh":"0001127602-20-020215"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_AMAT_20200605","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $AMAT 5 days before a corporate insider (Little Teri A.  (CIK 0001656471)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Little Teri A.  (CIK 0001656471)","filingDate":"2020-06-10","adsh":"0001127602-20-019390"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_TRIP_20200605","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TRIP 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Wyden buy $TRIP 6 days before a corporate insider (Philips Jeremy  (CIK 0001536014)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRIP","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRIP","filer":"Philips Jeremy  (CIK 0001536014)","filingDate":"2020-06-11","adsh":"0001127602-20-019448"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000779_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+14 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ron Wyden accumulated 39 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 14 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":14,"totalRaw":39}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P45_W000779","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"11% of stock trades (24 of 226) in major federal contractors — top: DIS ($54B in contracts, mostly Department of Energy)","explanation":"Ron Wyden concentrated 11% of their stock-trading activity (24 of 226 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $206B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"DIS","totalContracts":53807975218.79,"agency":"Department of Energy","memberTrades":8},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"UPS","totalContracts":63305478307.75998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":7},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"MAR","totalContracts":30136056937.02001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"COST","totalContracts":50204183515.10999,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"META","totalContracts":8290566275.999999,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":1},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":24,"totalStockTrades":226,"concentrationPct":11,"distinctContractors":7,"topExposure":205744260254.68}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000779_2021-03-05_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Ron Wyden delivered a 254-word floor speech on 2021-03-05 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. President, to speak in opposition, the Capito motion to commit the bill to the Finance Com- mittee instructs the committee to do two things. The first is to dedicate funds to pay for bipartisan tr…\"). The member buy $AVGO (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-03-05","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":254,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. President, to speak in opposition, the Capito motion to commit the bill to the Finance Com- mittee instructs the committee to do two things. The first is to dedicate funds to pay for bipartisan tr","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/03/05/CREC-2021-03-05-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/03/05/CREC-2021-03-05-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_STX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $STX — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $STX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $STX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"STX","assetName":"STX - Seagate Technology plc","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"STX","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_GOOG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $GOOG — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $GOOG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $GOOG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GOOG","assetName":"GOOG - Alphabet Inc.","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GOOG","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_AMZN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 trades in $AMZN — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $AMZN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 10 reported trades in $AMZN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMZN","assetName":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMZN","tradeCount":10,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"14 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child. The same senator has executed 14 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":14,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_BERY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $BERY — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $BERY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $BERY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BERY","assetName":"BERY - Berry Global Group, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BERY","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_COST","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $COST — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $COST on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $COST per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"COST","assetName":"COST - Costco Wholesale Corporation","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"COST","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_DHI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $DHI — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $DHI on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $DHI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DHI","assetName":"DHI - D.R. 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The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $DIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DIS","assetName":"DIS - The Walt Disney Company","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DIS","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_IRBT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $IRBT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $IRBT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $IRBT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IRBT","assetName":"IRBT - iRobot Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IRBT","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-06"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-31"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_NVDA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"11 trades in $NVDA — also a disclosed holding (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $NVDA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child. The same senator has executed 11 reported trades in $NVDA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NVDA","assetName":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation","valueRange":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NVDA","tradeCount":11,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_OSK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $OSK — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $OSK on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $OSK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"OSK","assetName":"OSK - Oshkosh Corporation","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"OSK","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-20"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_UPS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $UPS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $UPS on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). 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The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $VMC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VMC","assetName":"VMC - Vulcan Materials Company","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VMC","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-04"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_PSA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $PSA — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $PSA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $PSA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PSA","assetName":"PSA - Public Storage","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PSA","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_WDAY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $WDAY — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $WDAY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $WDAY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WDAY","assetName":"WDAY - Workday, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WDAY","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_COUP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $COUP — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $COUP on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). 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Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"COUP","assetName":"COUP - Coupa Software Incorporated","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"COUP","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_FB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $FB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $FB on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $FB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FB","assetName":"FB - Meta Platforms, Inc. - Class A Common Stock Filer comment: f/k/a Facebook, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FB","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_FDX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $FDX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $FDX on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $FDX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FDX","assetName":"FDX - FedEx Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FDX","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_MTCH","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $MTCH — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $MTCH on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $MTCH per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MTCH","assetName":"MTCH - Match Group, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MTCH","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_NFLX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $NFLX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $NFLX on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $NFLX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NFLX","assetName":"NFLX - Netflix, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NFLX","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_PYPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $PYPL — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $PYPL on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $PYPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PYPL","assetName":"PYPL - PayPal Holdings, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PYPL","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_SQ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $SQ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $SQ on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $SQ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SQ","assetName":"SQ - Block, Inc. Class A Common Stock, Filer comment: f/k/a Square, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SQ","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fa1783ce-c2c6-414a-91c2-5f660caeb8a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_AMAT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $AMAT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $AMAT on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $AMAT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMAT","assetName":"AMAT - Applied Materials, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9625f26e-556d-409c-8e60-7fea8a67e9e4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMAT","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-16"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9625f26e-556d-409c-8e60-7fea8a67e9e4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_AVGO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $AVGO — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed an asset position in $AVGO on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $AVGO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AVGO","assetName":"AVGO - Broadcom Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9625f26e-556d-409c-8e60-7fea8a67e9e4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AVGO","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-06"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9625f26e-556d-409c-8e60-7fea8a67e9e4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_W000779_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (MDT)","explanation":"Ron Wyden discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (MDT) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["MDT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_W000779_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (XOM)","explanation":"Ron Wyden discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_W000779","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $287,667.49","explanation":"Ron Wyden received campaign contributions totaling $287,667.49 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UMPQUA BANK ($177,667.49); NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); CAMBIA HEALTH SOLUTIONS ($10,000); ENCOMPASS HEALTH ($5,000); CARDINAL HEALTH, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":287667.49,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"UMPQUA BANK","ldaClient":"UMPQUA BANK","donorTotal":177667.49,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSN. PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CAMBIA HEALTH SOLUTIONS PAC","ldaClient":"CAMBIA HEALTH SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ENCOMPASS HEALTH CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ENCOMPASS HEALTH","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CARDINAL HEALTH, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_W000779","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 187 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Ron Wyden's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 187 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): SPAXX, FDIVX, QQQ, IJK, STX, GOOG, AMZN, AAPL, BERY, CSCO, COST, DHI, DIS, DPZ, IRBT, … (172 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":187,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["SPAXX","FDIVX","QQQ","IJK","STX","GOOG","AMZN","AAPL","BERY","CSCO","COST","DHI","DIS","DPZ","IRBT","LOW","MCD","MSFT","NVDA","OSK","QSR","SBUX","MMM","UPS","VMC"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_W000779_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Healthcare stock (MDT) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Ron Wyden's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Healthcare stocks — MDT — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["MDT"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a53d921-c0f3-43e2-9f09-0246dec48fb8/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a53d921-c0f3-43e2-9f09-0246dec48fb8/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_W000779_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Energy stock (XOM) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Ron Wyden's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Energy stocks — XOM — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a53d921-c0f3-43e2-9f09-0246dec48fb8/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a53d921-c0f3-43e2-9f09-0246dec48fb8/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_W000779_2020-06-23","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"22 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-06-23 — 15 unique tickers","explanation":"Ron Wyden executed 22 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-06-23 to 2020-06-30), spanning 15 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-06-23","windowEnd":"2020-06-30","tradeCount":22,"uniqueTickers":15,"totalDisclosedTrades":226,"sampleTickers":["AAPL","MMM","AVGO","AMAT","MSFT","COUP","IRBT","GOOG","DIS","FB"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P67_W000779_Finance","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 8 Finance bills AND holds 2 Finance stocks (V, C)","explanation":"Ron Wyden has sponsored 8 bills affecting the Finance sector AND simultaneously holds 2 publicly-traded Finance stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (V, C). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: S 1192 (2025-08-14), S 3018 (2025-08-14), S 3989 (2025-01-14), S 543 (2025-12-06), S 727 (2025-08-14).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Finance","count":8,"sample":[{"key":"111_S_1192","title":"Mobile Wireless Tax Fairness Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1192"},{"key":"111_S_3018","title":"Bipartisan Tax Fairness and Simplification Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3018"},{"key":"111_S_3989","title":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow an offset against income tax refunds to p","introducedDate":"2025-01-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3989"},{"key":"112_S_543","title":"Wireless Tax Fairness Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-12-06","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/543"},{"key":"112_S_727","title":"Bipartisan Tax Fairness and Simplification Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/727"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["V","C"],"totalCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_W000779","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 8 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$2.5M","explanation":"Ron Wyden's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 8 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $2,532,502. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Bass Real Estate LLC Company: Bass Real  (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child); Strand at Columbus Ave LLC Company: Stra (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $500,001 - $1,000,000); Investment in Residential Properties Des (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); Investment in Residential Properties Des (Real Estate Residential, $50,001 - $100,000); Investment in Residential Property Descr (Real Estate Residential, $15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":8,"totalEstMidpoint":2532502,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Bass Real Estate LLC Company: Bass Real Estate LLC (New York, NY) Description: Commercial Real Estate holding Filer comment: Holdings: 826 Broadway, New York, NY 10003","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"name":"Strand at Columbus Ave LLC Company: Strand at Columbus Ave LLC (New York, NY) Description: Book Store","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Des Plaines, IL) Filer comment: Investment includes multiple units in the same building","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Chicago, IL) Filer comment: Investment includes multiple units in the same building","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Property Description: Residential Property (Baton Rouge, LA) Filer comment: Garden apartment rental","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_W000779","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $1.4M in personal liabilities (9% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Ron Wyden's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,375,000.5 in personal liabilities against $15,809,144 in assets — a 8.7% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.4M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Spouse. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1375000.5,"totalAssetMid":15809144,"leverageRatio":8.7,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2013 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 3.375% (30) · $250,001 - $500,000 · U.S. Bank National Association Owensboro, KY · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"2 · 2022 · Spouse · Mortgage · None · 2.75% (10 years) · Over $1,000,000 (asset held independently by spouse or dependent child) · Morgan Stanley New York, NY · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_W000779","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$45,916.95 in outside earned income — top source: Hachette Books New York, NY ($$35,416.95)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $45,916.95 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Hachette Books New York, NY ($35,416.95, Other (Advance)); TIAA/CREF Washington, DC ($10,500.00, Other (IRA Distribution)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":45916.95,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Advance)","source":"Hachette Books New York, NY","amount":"$35,416.95","amountNumeric":35416.95},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (IRA Distribution)","source":"TIAA/CREF Washington, DC","amount":"$10,500.00","amountNumeric":10500}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_W000779_2021","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Acquired 58 new ticker holdings in 2021 not present in prior PFD filings — including MBB, ODVYX, CRWD, KLAC, SBUX, UBER","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 58 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: MBB, ODVYX, CRWD, KLAC, SBUX, UBER, SPAXX, FDIVX, QQQ, IJK, STX, GOOG.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2021,"count":58,"newTickers":["MBB","ODVYX","CRWD","KLAC","SBUX","UBER","SPAXX","FDIVX","QQQ","IJK","STX","GOOG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/29ebb278-6931-48dd-90b3-1714f3d171b0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/29ebb278-6931-48dd-90b3-1714f3d171b0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_W000779","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: Japan","explanation":"Ron Wyden's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Japan. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Japan → EWJ - iShares MSCI Japan Index Fund ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":1,"countries":["Japan"],"byCountry":{"Japan":[{"assetName":"EWJ - iShares MSCI Japan Index Fund","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000779","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 26 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 154 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ron Wyden appears in 26 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 154 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 26 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (47); insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); lobbying timeline trade (17); trade near vote (8).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":26,"totalFindings":154,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":47},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_OWN_BILL","count":2},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":2},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000779","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_W000779_2022","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 62 ticker holdings between 2021 and 2022 — including ACGIX, BSCFX, MDLOX, CVSIX, DFSTX, DFUSX","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 62 ticker holdings present in the 2021 filing but absent in 2022. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: ACGIX, BSCFX, MDLOX, CVSIX, DFSTX, DFUSX, AEGFX, SGENX, HIINX, MLAAX, MERVX, FREAX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2021,2022],"count":62,"divestedTickers":["ACGIX","BSCFX","MDLOX","CVSIX","DFSTX","DFUSX","AEGFX","SGENX","HIINX","MLAAX","MERVX","FREAX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56842b03-e113-4a9c-b0ee-f8313178a9a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56842b03-e113-4a9c-b0ee-f8313178a9a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P80_W000779","pattern_type":"P80_TRIPLE_SECTOR_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triple-overlap conflict in 1 sector: Finance — appears in PFD holdings, donor industries, AND committee jurisdiction","explanation":"Ron Wyden has triple-axis conflict-of-interest exposure in 1 sector — Finance. For each of these sectors, the senator simultaneously: (1) holds publicly-traded stock per their Senate annual financial disclosure, (2) receives campaign contributions from PACs/donors in that industry, AND (3) serves on a Senate committee with jurisdiction over the industry's federal regulation. Three-way alignment is the cleanest position-conflict signal — each axis alone could be coincidental, but the combination establishes a settled pattern. The PELOSI Act recusal language would specifically require recusal from votes affecting these sectors. Sectors flagged: Finance.","evidence":[{"source":"triple_overlap","sectors":["Finance"],"allPfdSectors":["Technology","Staples","Consumer","Industrials","Finance","Healthcare","Pharma","Energy"],"allDonorSectors":["Finance","Healthcare","Real Estate"],"allCommitteeSectors":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P82_W000779_2020","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden filed 6 amendments to the 2020 Senate annual disclosure — 23 total amendments across 4 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Ron Wyden's Senate eFD record shows 6 amendments to the 2020 report alone, with 23 amendments across 4 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2020,"amendmentCount":6,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":23,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":4,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 3)","Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 3)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28e17c3e-7f7d-44b3-8067-97e96f779747/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2dfc511d-1214-41d4-9152-6a41c026b11c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cc856e73-3c62-4c26-95d6-a95a8feeec99/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11ab13a8-c995-4531-80d4-883322170705/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28e17c3e-7f7d-44b3-8067-97e96f779747/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2dfc511d-1214-41d4-9152-6a41c026b11c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden discloses 17 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (5 top-bracket + 12 unascertainable, 11% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 17 opaque-value entries (5 top-bracket, 12 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 11% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Rights to the literary works of Peter Wyden Description: Rights to the literary works of Peter Wyden (Unascertainable) · Oregon College Savings Plan - William Peter Wyden Institution: Oregon (--) · Oregon College Savings Plan - Ava Rose Wyden Institution: Oregon (--) · Strand Book Store Inc. (S-Corp) Description : Book Store (New York, NY) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · Bass Book Trading, Inc (S-corp) Description : Book Trading (New York, NY) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":17,"topBracketCount":5,"unascertCount":12,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.114,"samples":[{"asset":"Rights to the literary works of Peter Wyden Description: Rights to the literary works of Peter Wyden","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Oregon College Savings Plan - William Peter Wyden Institution: Oregon","value":"--"},{"asset":"Oregon College Savings Plan - Ava Rose Wyden Institution: Oregon","value":"--"},{"asset":"Strand Book Store Inc. (S-Corp) Description : Book Store (New York, NY)","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"asset":"Bass Book Trading, Inc (S-corp) Description : Book Trading (New York, NY)","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden discloses 7 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 7 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Bass Real Estate LLC Company: Bass Real Estate LLC (New York · Investment in Residential Property Description: Residential  · Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residentia · Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residentia.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":7,"properties":[{"name":"Bass Real Estate LLC Company: Bass Real Estate LLC (New York, NY) Description: Commercial Real Estate holding ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Property Description: Residential Property (Baton Rouge, LA) Filer comment: Garden a","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Chicago, IL) Filer comment: Investme","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Des Plaines, IL) Filer comment: Inve","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"IYR - iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"IYR - iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"IYR - iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden's 2025 PFD: 109 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (73% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 109 reported holdings owned by Spouse (55), Joint (0), or Dependent (54) — 73% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Dependent: Oregon College Savings Plan - William Peter Wyden Institution: Oregon · Dependent: International Equity Index · Dependent: U.S. Equity Index · Dependent: Oregon College Savings Plan - Ava Rose Wyden Institution: Oregon.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":55,"Joint":0,"Dependent":54,"Self":40},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.727,"samples":[{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Oregon College Savings Plan - William Peter Wyden Institution: Oregon","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"International Equity Index","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"U.S. Equity Index","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Oregon College Savings Plan - Ava Rose Wyden Institution: Oregon","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"International Equity Index","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden's 2025 PFD: 5 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · AAPL (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · NVDA (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Strand Book Store Inc. (S-Corp) Description : Book Store (New York, NY)","type":"Other","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Bass Book Trading, Inc (S-corp) Description : Book Trading (New York, NY)","type":"Other","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Bass Real Estate LLC Company: Bass Real Estate LLC (New York, NY) Description: Commercial Real Estat","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_W000779","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden's campaign paid $169,700 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY ($113,900)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $169,700 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY ($113,900 across 8 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":169700,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY","total":113900,"count":8,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"WYDEN FOR OREGON","total":35800,"count":2,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"WYDEN FUND FOR A SENATE MAJORITY 2026","total":20000,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"wyden"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S6OR00110&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden (Oregon) discloses 4 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Illinois (2)","explanation":"Ron Wyden represents Oregon but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Oregon (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Illinois: 2 · New York: 1 · Louisiana: 1. Sample: Bass Real Estate LLC Company: Bass Real Estate LLC (New York, NY) Description: Commercial Real Estat (New York) · Investment in Residential Property Description: Residential Property (Baton Rouge, LA) Filer comment (Louisiana) · Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Chicago, IL) Filer comment (Illinois).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Oregon","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":4,"byState":{"IL":2,"NY":1,"LA":1},"samples":[{"name":"Bass Real Estate LLC Company: Bass Real Estate LLC (New York, NY) Description: Commercial Real Estat","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child","state":"NY"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Property Description: Residential Property (Baton Rouge, LA) Filer comment","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$15,001 - $50,000","state":"LA"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Chicago, IL) Filer comment","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"IL"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Des Plaines, IL) Filer com","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"IL"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P92_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden's 2025 PFD: 54 holdings owned by Dependent Child (34 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 54 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 34 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Oregon College Savings Plan - William Peter Wyden  · International Equity Index · U.S. Equity Index · Oregon College Savings Plan - Ava Rose Wyden Insti · International Equity Index.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":54,"highValueCount":34,"holdings":[{"asset":"Oregon College Savings Plan - William Peter Wyden Institution: Oregon","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"International Equity Index","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"U.S. Equity Index","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"asset":"Oregon College Savings Plan - Ava Rose Wyden Institution: Oregon","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"International Equity Index","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"U.S. Equity Index","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"asset":"Fidelity Brokerage (UTMA) - Dependent #1","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"ARKK - ARK Innovation ETF Filer comment: Sold for a loss","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_W000779","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden filed 15 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 97 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Ron Wyden has filed 15 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 97 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2014 (97d late, filed 08/20/2014) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020) · 2025 (89d late, filed 08/12/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":15,"maxDaysLate":97,"samples":[{"year":2014,"filingDate":"08/20/2014","daysLate":97,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04e8d1eb-6e39-43e1-a97b-b4d431db499b/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/fcf96080-4cfe-4bcf-996f-9add72519ad4/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/05ae8f14-a500-4123-9a25-18abdd08e10e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/12/2025","daysLate":89,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04e8d1eb-6e39-43e1-a97b-b4d431db499b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/fcf96080-4cfe-4bcf-996f-9add72519ad4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/05ae8f14-a500-4123-9a25-18abdd08e10e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Morgan Stanley New","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($Over $1,000,000 (asset held independently by spouse or dependent child)) at 2.75% (10 years) from Morgan Stanley New.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.75% (10 years)","amount":"Over $1,000,000 (asset held independently by spouse or dependent child)","creditor":"Morgan Stanley New York, NY","incurred":"2022"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P99_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Bass Real Estate LLC","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Bass Real Estate LLC New (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Bass Real Estate LLC New York, NY","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P101_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$35,416 disclosed) — top: Hachette Books New York,","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $35,416 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Hachette Books New York, (Other (Advance), $35,416.95).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":35416,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Advance)","payer":"Hachette Books New York, NY","amount":"$35,416.95"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Wyden\" — top: Rights to the literary works","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Wyden\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Rights to the literary works (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Wyden","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Rights to the literary works of Peter Wyden Description: Rights to the literary works of Peter Wyden","type":"Intellectual Property Copyrights"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 14 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — PFE ($29.0M), AMZN ($24.9M), AAPL ($20.9M)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 14 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $130.9M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: PFE ($29.0M, 45 filings) · AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · MSFT ($12.3M, 66 filings) · NVDA ($7.8M, 21 filings) · UPS ($7.3M, 32 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":14,"totalLobbyAcrossM":130.95,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","totalLobby":28960000,"recordCount":45,"topClient":"PFIZER INC."},{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"NVDA","totalLobby":7800000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"NVIDIA"},{"ticker":"UPS","totalLobby":7340000,"recordCount":32,"topClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE"},{"ticker":"DIS","totalLobby":5750000,"recordCount":28,"topClient":"THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY"},{"ticker":"CSCO","totalLobby":5370000,"recordCount":36,"topClient":"CISCO SYSTEMS INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 2 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), MSFT (8,404)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 19,299 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalPatents":19299,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 2 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $201M) — top: PFE ($187.6M), UPS ($13.0M)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $201M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: PFE ($187.6M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · UPS ($13.0M, 59 contracts, Department of Justice).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalContractValueM":200.57,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","total":187561181.57,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"UPS","total":13007559.979999997,"count":59,"agencies":["Department of Justice","Department of Veterans Affairs","Social Security Administration"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P114_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — GOOG, AMZN, AAPL, MSFT","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: GOOG ($500,001 - $1,000,000) · AMZN ($500,001 - $1,000,000) · AAPL (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · MSFT ($500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GOOG","asset":"GOOG - Alphabet Inc.","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P116_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 2 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — STX, NVDA","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: STX ($100,001 - $250,000) · NVDA (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"STX","asset":"STX - Seagate Technology plc","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P121_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P121_PFD_AUTO_HOLDING_NHTSA","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 1 auto-industry ticker on 2025 PFD — F","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major auto manufacturers, EV makers, or auto suppliers (Tesla TSLA, GM, Ford F, Stellantis STLA, Rivian RIVN, Lucid LCID, plus suppliers like Mobileye MBLY, Aptiv APTV, Magna MGA, BorgWarner BWA). The Inflation Reduction Act EV tax credit ($7,500/vehicle subject to sourcing rules) is a directly portfolio-relevant policy lever; NHTSA recall enforcement and CAFE rule-making move auto-stock prices materially. Holdings: F ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_auto_nhtsa","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"F","asset":"F - Ford Motor Company","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onAutoCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.nhtsa.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — PFE","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: PFE ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","asset":"PFE - Pfizer Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P125_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 1 clean-energy / renewables ticker on 2025 PFD — ICLN","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in clean-energy or renewables companies — solar (First Solar FSLR, Enphase ENPH, SolarEdge SEDG, Sunrun RUN), wind / utility-scale (NextEra NEE, Brookfield Renewables BEP, AES), grid storage (Quanta Services PWR, EnerSys ENS), nuclear (Cameco CCJ, Centrus Energy LEU, BWX Technologies), or EV charging (ChargePoint CHPT, EVgo EVGO, Blink BLNK). Senators voting on the IRA's continuation, expansion, or repeal hold portfolios that move with their votes — every committee mark-up affecting renewable-energy tax credits or DOE loan guarantees moves these stocks. Holdings: ICLN (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_clean_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ICLN","asset":"ICLN - iShares Global Clean Energy ETF","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.energy.gov/policy/inflation-reduction-act"]},{"id":"P126_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 1 publicly-traded REIT ticker on 2025 PFD — PSA","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holding — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: PSA ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PSA","asset":"PSA - Public Storage","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P130_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden's 2025 PFD: 48% of 27 classified ticker holdings in Technology (13/27)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows ticker-holding concentration in a single sector — 13 of 27 classified holdings (48%) are in Technology. Concentration is the inverse of diversification: when a senator's portfolio leans this heavily toward one industry, every regulatory decision affecting that industry has outsized impact on their personal balance sheet. The senator's wealth tracks Technology-sector beta directly — federal-policy shocks to Technology (taxes, regulations, antitrust enforcement, subsidies, sanctions) move their net worth more than they would for a diversified portfolio. Sector breakdown: Technology (13) · Consumer (7) · Industrials (2) · Staples (1) · Finance (1).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sector_concentration","year":"2025","totalClassified":27,"sectorCounts":{"Technology":13,"Consumer":7,"Industrials":2,"Staples":1,"Finance":1,"Real Estate":1,"Healthcare":1,"Pharma":1},"topSector":"Technology","concentration":0.481,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P131_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden's 2025 PFD lists 79 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 79 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): SPAXX, FDIVX, QQQ, IJK, STX, GOOG, AMZN, AAPL, BERY, CSCO.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":79,"sampleTickers":["SPAXX","FDIVX","QQQ","IJK","STX","GOOG","AMZN","AAPL","BERY","CSCO","COST","DHI","DIS","DPZ","IRBT","LOW","MCD","MSFT","NVDA","OSK","QSR","SBUX","MMM","UPS","VMC","PSA","BOAT","FSNXX","VOO","VGT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_W000779","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $8.0M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Ron Wyden's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $8.0M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 64; earned-income on first filing: $4,000.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":8021530.5,"assetCount":64,"earnedIncome":4000,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04e8d1eb-6e39-43e1-a97b-b4d431db499b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04e8d1eb-6e39-43e1-a97b-b4d431db499b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_W000779","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $26.2M across 22 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's FEC-bulk record shows $26.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $98.2M (PAC: $26.2M, individual: $61.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":26.22,"lifetimeReceiptsM":98.16,"lifetimeIndividualM":61.22,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6OR00110"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6OR00110/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_W000779","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $98M across 22 cycles","explanation":"Ron Wyden's FEC-bulk record shows $98.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":98.16,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6OR00110"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6OR00110/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_W000779","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden disclosed 9 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL UPS $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Ron Wyden has filed 9 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL UPS $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-03-27 · SELL PYPL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-11-11 · SELL STZ $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-04-06 · SELL AMAT $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-04-06.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":9,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":900009,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"UPS","action":"SELL","date":"2024-03-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"STZ","action":"SELL","date":"2021-04-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMAT","action":"SELL","date":"2021-04-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"KLAC","action":"SELL","date":"2021-04-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","date":"2021-04-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_W000779","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden executed 10 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL LLY (19d apart)","explanation":"Ron Wyden has 10 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL LLY 2025-01-22 → 2025-02-10 (19d) · BUY→SELL NFLX 2020-08-20 → 2020-09-14 (25d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2022-02-24 → 2022-02-24 (0d) · BUY→SELL AVGO 2021-03-04 → 2021-03-30 (26d) · BUY→SELL W 2020-08-24 → 2020-09-02 (9d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":10,"samples":[{"ticker":"LLY","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-01-22","date2":"2025-02-10","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-20","date2":"2020-09-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-02-24","date2":"2022-02-24","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AVGO","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-04","date2":"2021-03-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"W","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-24","date2":"2020-09-02","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AMWD","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-24","date2":"2020-08-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CLX","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-05","date2":"2020-08-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"KR","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-19","date2":"2020-08-24","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_W000779","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden's PAC funding concentrates 68% in Finance ($0.19M / $0.28M classified)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's PAC donors concentrate 68% in the Finance industry — $0.19M of $0.28M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.19M · Healthcare $0.04M · Technology $0.02M · Pharma $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.19,"totalPacAmountM":0.28,"concentrationPct":67.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.19,"Healthcare":0.04,"Technology":0.02,"Pharma":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6OR00110/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_W000779","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden triggers 41 HIGH-severity findings across 58 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ron Wyden accumulates 41 HIGH-severity findings across 58 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":41,"distinctDetectorTypes":58}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_W000779","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden triggers 59 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Ron Wyden accumulates findings across 59 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 59 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":59,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P9","P10","P11","P17","P18","P19","P36","P37","P42","P43","P45","P49","P53","P54","P61","P63","P64","P65","P67","P68","P69","P71","P74","P77","P78","P79","P80","P82","P83"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_W000779","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden operates leadership PAC with $6.3M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: HOOPS PAC","explanation":"Ron Wyden operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $6.3M and disbursements of $6.2M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: HOOPS PAC (C00392738). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":6.28,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.18,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00392738","cmteName":"HOOPS PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00392738/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_W000779","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden's leadership PAC disbursed $6.2M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Ron Wyden's leadership PAC disbursed $6.2M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: HOOPS PAC (C00392738).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.18,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00392738","cmteName":"HOOPS PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00392738/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_W000779","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,987 sponsored, 8,511 cosponsored","explanation":"Ron Wyden's congress.gov record shows 1,987 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1987,"cosponsoredCount":8511,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/ron-wyden/W000779","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_W000779","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 8,511 cosponsored, 1,987 sponsored","explanation":"Ron Wyden's congress.gov record shows 8,511 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":8511,"sponsoredCount":1987,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/ron-wyden/W000779","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P164_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden's 2025 PFD shows 1 inherited-wealth indicator — top: TIAA/CREF (Washington, DC) Type: IRA Cash Accounts Filer comment: inhe","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 holding explicitly described as inherited (Inherited IRA, Estate of, Beneficiary of, Legacy fund, Bequest). Inherited assets are functionally distinct from earned wealth: they were transferred at death and typically come with stepped-up basis (IRC Section 1014), generation-skipping considerations, and minimum-distribution rules (post-SECURE Act 10-year payout for non-spouse beneficiaries). Heavy inherited-wealth holdings indicate intergenerational wealth transmission — relevant context for the senator's votes on estate tax, stepped-up basis preservation, SECURE Act amendments, and trust-and-estate tax policy. Inherited holdings: TIAA/CREF (Washington, DC) Type: IRA Cash Accounts Filer com.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_inherited_wealth","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"name":"TIAA/CREF (Washington, DC) Type: IRA Cash Accounts Filer comment: inherited IRA","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions"]},{"id":"P166_W000779","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Wyden's PFD net worth declined 67% year-over-year — 2021 $10.79M → 2021 $3.59M","explanation":"Ron Wyden's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $10.79M in 2021 to $3.59M in 2021 — a 67% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2021","priorNetWorthM":10.79,"latestYear":"2021","latestNetWorthM":3.59,"declinePct":66.69,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/29ebb278-6931-48dd-90b3-1714f3d171b0/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ee76d49-1753-4b5b-b66d-f009547172b2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ee76d49-1753-4b5b-b66d-f009547172b2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/29ebb278-6931-48dd-90b3-1714f3d171b0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_OR_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"OR delegation: Ron Wyden & Jeff Merkley both flagged on 16 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from OR — Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley — are flagged on the same 16 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P9, P10, P19, P61, P68, P79, P82, P83.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"OR","otherSenatorBid":"M001176","otherSenatorName":"Jeff Merkley","sharedDetectorCount":16,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P9","P10","P19","P61","P68","P79","P82","P83","P84","P87","P88","P91","P96","P148","P151","P153"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000779","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001176"]},{"id":"P176_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P176_PFD_HOMEBUILDER_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden holds 1 homebuilder ticker on 2025 PFD — DHI","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major homebuilders or residential-construction companies (D.R. Horton DHI, Lennar LEN, NVR, Toll Brothers TOL, PulteGroup PHM, KB Home KBH, Meritage MTH, Taylor Morrison TMHC). Homebuilder stock prices respond directly to housing-finance policy decisions. Holdings: DHI ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_homebuilder_housing","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"DHI","asset":"DHI - D.R. Horton, Inc.","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"onHousingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P178_W000779_2020-04-06","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden — 17 trades on 2020-04-06","explanation":"Ron Wyden disclosed 17 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-04-06). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-04-06","count":17}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_W000779","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (226/226)","explanation":"Ron Wyden's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":226,"atBracket":226,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_W000779","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden — 64 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Ron Wyden has traded 64 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":64,"sample":["PFE","LLY","IRBT","SOLV","UPS","PYPL","FDX","COUP","MTCH","NFLX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P181_W000779","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden — 159 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Ron Wyden sponsored 159 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":159}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_W000779_AAPL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden — 14 disclosed trades in single ticker AAPL","explanation":"Ron Wyden traded AAPL on 14 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AAPL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AAPL","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_W000779_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden — 120 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Ron Wyden's 2025 Senate PFD shows 120 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":120,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e521a678-d546-42d3-9817-9f238d49ea6d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_W000779","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wyden — 4 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Ron Wyden has traded 4 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":4,"tickers":["SQ","BYND","UBER","CRWD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_W000779","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Wyden — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($49.1M)","explanation":"Ron Wyden is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $49.1M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":49081706,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6OR00110/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P53_W000779_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+22 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ron Wyden accumulated 47 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 22 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 4 MEDIUM · 18 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":22,"totalRaw":47,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":4,"LOW":18}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000779"]}],"C001078":[{"id":"P1_C001078_titec9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LDOS 3d BEFORE SRES 519 — \"A resolution supporting an independent and democra…\"","explanation":"Member traded LDOS (Defense) within 3 days of SRES 519 \"A resolution supporting an independent and democratic Ukraine against any furthe\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LDOS","date":"2022-08-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 519","title":"A resolution supporting an independent and democratic Ukraine against any further Russian military invasion, and for oth","introducedDate":"2022-09-02","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20519"]},{"id":"P18_C001078_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gerald E. Connolly executed 28 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIC","date":"2025-05-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LDOS","date":"2025-05-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LDOS","date":"2025-02-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIC","date":"2025-02-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Joint Policies of the Departments of the Interior and of the Army Relative to Reservoir Project Lands; Delay of Effectiv","agency":"Interior Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Joint Policies of the Departments of the Interior and of the Army Relative to Reservoir Project Lands; Delay of Effectiv","agency":"Interior Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001078_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Gerald E. Connolly executed 14 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2025-02-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2024-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2023-11-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of Class E Airspace; Ashley, ND","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-01-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Applications for Permits to Site Interstate Electric Transmission Facilities","agency":"Energy Department, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission","date":"2024-06-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_C001078_wwn8as","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37 trades in D (Energy) — 53% of this member's 70 total trades","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"D","count":37,"buys":23,"sells":14,"sector":"Energy","firstDate":"2014-03-26","lastDate":"2025-02-05"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"LDOS","count":15,"buys":0,"sells":15,"sector":"Defense","firstDate":"2020-10-22","lastDate":"2025-05-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_C001078","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"13% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.0× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 70 disclosed trades, 9 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.0× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":9,"total":70,"rate":12.9},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001078_D_20210422","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $D 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $D 3 days after a corporate insider (FABRIKANT CHARLES  (CIK 0000942692)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"FABRIKANT CHARLES  (CIK 0000942692)","filingDate":"2021-04-19","adsh":"0000859598-21-000040","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001078_D_20240318","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $D 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $D 5 days after a corporate insider (ANGEL STEPHEN F  (CIK 0001190775)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"ANGEL STEPHEN F  (CIK 0001190775)","filingDate":"2024-03-13","adsh":"0001707925-24-000068","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_SAIC_20240702","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SAIC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $SAIC 1 day before a corporate insider (Attili Srinivas  (CIK 0002021718)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SAIC","filer":"Attili Srinivas  (CIK 0002021718)","filingDate":"2024-07-03","adsh":"0001571123-24-000114"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_SAIC_20230329","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SAIC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $SAIC 1 day before a corporate insider (Genter Robert S.  (CIK 0001787763)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SAIC","filer":"Genter Robert S.  (CIK 0001787763)","filingDate":"2023-03-30","adsh":"0001571123-23-000022"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_LDOS_20231113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LDOS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $LDOS 1 day before a corporate insider (Opiekun Deborah D.  (CIK 0001891453)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LDOS","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LDOS","filer":"Opiekun Deborah D.  (CIK 0001891453)","filingDate":"2023-11-14","adsh":"0001628280-23-039000"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_LDOS_20250205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LDOS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $LDOS 5 days before a corporate insider (Porter Elizabeth A  (CIK 0001820381)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LDOS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LDOS","filer":"Porter Elizabeth A  (CIK 0001820381)","filingDate":"2025-02-10","adsh":"0001628280-25-004763"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_D_20220830","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $D 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $D 7 days before a corporate insider (Ayala John  (CIK 0001562392)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Ayala John  (CIK 0001562392)","filingDate":"2022-09-06","adsh":"0001225208-22-010063"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_SAIC_20221206","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SAIC 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $SAIC 7 days before a corporate insider (LaRouche Michael W.  (CIK 0001787784)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SAIC","filer":"LaRouche Michael W.  (CIK 0001787784)","filingDate":"2022-12-13","adsh":"0001571123-22-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_D_20201022","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $D 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $D 8 days before a corporate insider (Belmer Rodolphe  (CIK 0001729146)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Belmer Rodolphe  (CIK 0001729146)","filingDate":"2020-10-30","adsh":"0001065280-20-000453"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_D_20240318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $D 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $D 9 days before a corporate insider (SAYLOR MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001079782)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"SAYLOR MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001079782)","filingDate":"2024-03-27","adsh":"0000950170-24-037232"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001078_DIS_20200114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly sell $DIS 10 days before a corporate insider (WOODFORD BRENT  (CIK 0001211698)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"WOODFORD BRENT  (CIK 0001211698)","filingDate":"2020-01-24","adsh":"0001744489-20-000033"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_C001078","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.6M PAC / $40.4M total)","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.6M of $40.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.55,"lifetimeReceiptsM":40.37,"pacSharePct":41,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8VA11062"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8VA11062/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P179_C001078","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (70/70)","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":70,"atBracket":70,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001078_NorthernVirginiaMetr","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly sponsored \"Northern Virginia Metrorail Extension Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Northern Virginia Metrorail Extension Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001078_CompleteAmericasGrea","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly sponsored \"Complete America's Great Trails Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Complete America's Great Trails Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001078_FederalFirefighterPa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly sponsored \"Federal Firefighter Pay Equity Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Federal Firefighter Pay Equity Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001078_HeatIslandandSmogRed","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly sponsored \"Heat Island and Smog Reduction Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Heat Island and Smog Reduction Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001078_FederalLifeInsurance","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly sponsored \"Federal Life Insurance Transparency Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Federal Life Insurance Transparency Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001078_D","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly — 37 disclosed trades in single ticker D","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly traded D on 37 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the D trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"D","count":37}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_C001078","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gerald E. Connolly — long-tenure veteran (9 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Gerald E. Connolly has served 9 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":9,"lastCongress":119}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C001078","https://www.congress.gov/member/gerald-e.-connolly/C001078"]}],"S001229":[{"id":"P1_S001229_q0whnq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MA 0d BEFORE HR 2135 — \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Securi…\"","explanation":"Member traded MA (Finance) within 0 days of HR 2135 \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2135","title":"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202135"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_85erc4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NVDA 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_4yoxuk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL META 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_xfvxtr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL BA 0d BEFORE HR 2801 — \"Honor and Hire Veterans Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded BA (Defense) within 0 days of HR 2801 \"Honor and Hire Veterans Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2801","title":"Honor and Hire Veterans Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202801"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_ex0vq3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AAPL 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_3rq4j1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL JPM 0d BEFORE HR 2135 — \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Securi…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HR 2135 \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2135","title":"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202135"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_h8nvr2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL LLY 3d BEFORE HR 8857 — \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 3 days of HR 8857 \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8857","title":"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208857"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_afxo7k","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL WMB 0d BEFORE HR 1994 — \"Public Land Renewable Energy Development Act of 20…\"","explanation":"Member traded WMB (Energy) within 0 days of HR 1994 \"Public Land Renewable Energy Development Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1994","title":"Public Land Renewable Energy Development Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201994"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_bxfdjl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL EW 3d BEFORE HR 2747 — \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded EW (Healthcare) within 3 days of HR 2747 \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2747","title":"Healthy Affordable Housing Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202747"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_z8ztss","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL WDAY 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded WDAY (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_788ka","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL WFC 0d BEFORE HR 2135 — \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Securi…\"","explanation":"Member traded WFC (Finance) within 0 days of HR 2135 \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2135","title":"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202135"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_dfhvve","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL XOM 0d BEFORE HR 1994 — \"Public Land Renewable Energy Development Act of 20…\"","explanation":"Member traded XOM (Energy) within 0 days of HR 1994 \"Public Land Renewable Energy Development Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1994","title":"Public Land Renewable Energy Development Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201994"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_eq8qxp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL DE 2d BEFORE HR 1985 — \"Promoting Precision Agriculture Act\"","explanation":"Member traded DE (Agriculture) within 2 days of HR 1985 \"Promoting Precision Agriculture Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1985","title":"Promoting Precision Agriculture Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-14","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201985"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_4vuz82","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL ABT 3d BEFORE HR 2747 — \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ABT (Healthcare) within 3 days of HR 2747 \"Healthy Affordable Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2747","title":"Healthy Affordable Housing Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202747"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_47gckl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL CBOE 0d BEFORE HR 2135 — \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Securi…\"","explanation":"Member traded CBOE (Finance) within 0 days of HR 2135 \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CBOE","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2135","title":"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202135"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_sgz7vn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL SNPS 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded SNPS (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_2lpvud","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL JNJ 3d BEFORE HR 8857 — \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 3 days of HR 8857 \"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8857","title":"Generic Animal Drug Advancement Act","introducedDate":"2025-05-15","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208857"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_5hlhv7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL TSLA 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded TSLA (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_n7uyf6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL AMAT 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AMAT (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_qlubnq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MRVL 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded MRVL (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_anlswd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_dpw92t","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GOOGL 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_gwpba3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL CDNS 1d BEFORE S 490 — \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded CDNS (Technology) within 1 days of S 490 \"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 490","title":"Protecting Americans’ Privacy Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-13","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20490"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_b8tljv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL SPGI 0d BEFORE HR 2135 — \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Securi…\"","explanation":"Member traded SPGI (Finance) within 0 days of HR 2135 \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2135","title":"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202135"]},{"id":"P1_S001229_m3jdl6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL FIS 0d BEFORE HR 2135 — \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Securi…\"","explanation":"Member traded FIS (Finance) within 0 days of HR 2135 \"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2135","title":"Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-05-12","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202135"]},{"id":"P2_S001229_9r1fvu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - gave $2,500 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $2,500 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Shreve","http://shreve.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001229"]},{"id":"P4_S001229_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare trades filed 155d late on avg — overall avg only 52d","explanation":"In Healthcare (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 155.4 days — versus 51.9 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":30,"avgGap":155},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":372,"avgGap":52},{"source":"pac","sector":"Healthcare","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_S001229_czyldd","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,005,000 lobbying spike near MA trade","explanation":"MA was lobbied $2,005,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"MA","recentTotal":2005000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":10,"topClients":["MASTERCARD","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED","MASTERCARD INC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_S001229_a7mk7y","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,100,000 lobbying spike near NVDA trade","explanation":"NVDA was lobbied $1,100,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"NVDA","recentTotal":1100000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":3,"topClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_S001229_r9ks9q","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$8,555,000 lobbying spike near META trade","explanation":"META was lobbied $8,555,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"META","recentTotal":8555000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":14,"topClients":["META PLATFORMS INC.","META PLATFORMS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES","META PLATFORMS INC. (FORMERLY FACEBOOK INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES)"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_S001229_ahf04k","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,010,000 lobbying spike near BA trade","explanation":"BA was lobbied $3,010,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"BA","recentTotal":3010000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":9,"topClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING COMPANY","BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_S001229_tve8jr","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,170,000 lobbying spike near AAPL trade","explanation":"AAPL was lobbied $3,170,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"AAPL","recentTotal":3170000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":8,"topClients":["WILMERHALE ON BEHALF OF APPLE INC.","APPLE INC.","APPLE INC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_S001229_e0onqc","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,300,000 lobbying spike near JPM trade","explanation":"JPM was lobbied $1,300,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"JPM","recentTotal":1300000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":10,"topClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_S001229_5otyru","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,860,000 lobbying spike near LLY trade","explanation":"LLY was lobbied $3,860,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"LLY","recentTotal":3860000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":11,"topClients":["ELI LILLY & COMPANY","ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","TIBER CREEK HEALTH STRATEGIES INC. 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Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-04-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UPS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-11 to 2025-04-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_UPS_2025-04-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UPS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-15 and 2025-04-17, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UPS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UPS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-15 to 2025-04-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_LIN_2025-02-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-24 and 2025-02-25, 3 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2025-02-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-02-24 to 2025-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_AMGN_2025-04-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AMGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-09 and 2025-04-16, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on AMGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-04-09","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AMGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2025-04-09 to 2025-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_QCOM_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_QCOM_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_ELV_2025-05-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ELV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-05-12 and 2025-05-19, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ELV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ELV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-05-12 to 2025-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_HON_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-08, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_HON_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_TMO_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 7 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":7,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 6 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":6,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001229_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001229_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"42 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jefferson Shreve executed 42 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEG","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTRA","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAL","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: NAC Multi-Purpose Canister (NAC-MPC) System, Certificate of Compliance No. 10","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2025-04-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: NAC Multi-Purpose Canister (NAC-MPC) System, Certificate of Compliance No. 10","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2025-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001229_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"117 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jefferson Shreve executed 117 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTWO","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDC","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; 2025 Atlantic Shark Commercial Fishing Year","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; 2025 Atlantic Shark Commercial Fishing Year","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001229_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"53 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jefferson Shreve executed 53 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIG","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Eliminating Unnecessary Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department","date":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Eliminating Unnecessary Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department","date":"2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001229_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jefferson Shreve executed 7 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Joint Policies of the Departments of the Interior and of the Army Relative to Reservoir Project Lands; Delay of Effectiv","agency":"Interior Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Joint Policies of the Departments of the Interior and of the Army Relative to Reservoir Project Lands; Delay of Effectiv","agency":"Interior Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001229_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jefferson Shreve executed 25 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Contract Year 2026 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medic","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-04-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Contract Year 2026 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medic","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001229_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jefferson Shreve executed 4 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-05-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001229_b3o3gt","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jefferson Shreve campaign paid $6,928,028 to 31 surname-matched vendors, top: MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUT","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve's campaign paid 53 disbursements totaling $6,928,028 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","total":2290000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","amount":2290000,"date":"2022-05-18","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN & BLAINE","total":1298569.47,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":303910.75,"date":"2024-02-28","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":202249.81,"date":"2024-02-08","description":"PRINTING SERVICES, ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":180810,"date":"2024-02-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURNS, MARTIN","total":660000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":435000,"date":"2014-02-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":225000,"date":"2016-04-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":263547,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":146288,"date":"1995-09-13","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":68184,"date":"1995-11-06","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":49075,"date":"1995-09-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","total":252500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":100000,"date":"2022-06-09","description":"CONTRIBUTION - SHOLARSHIP FUNDS","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":52500,"date":"2020-06-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION - SCHOLARSHIPS","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":50000,"date":"2022-09-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION-SCHOLARSHIP FUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE MARTIN AGENCY","total":249877,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE MARTIN AGENCY","amount":249877,"date":"2008-08-11","description":"","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARTIN%20SHIANG%20(CREW)%20IN-KIND%20CONTRIBUTION"]},{"id":"P20_S001229_r6e960","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 9 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on committees overseeing Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 9 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":2558117.42,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":3321853.0300000003,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2025-05-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":95000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_S001229_b7jgno","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 20 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"French Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc., New York","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce of Chicago","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Dominican Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P33_S001229","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on committees regulating Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Technology, Telecom, Defense, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":117},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":10},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":10},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":15}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001229","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Healthcare)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":404,"highSeverityCount":134,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P1_S001229_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+276 more P1 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve accumulated 301 P1 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 276 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 45 HIGH · 231 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P1","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":276,"totalRaw":301,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":45,"MEDIUM":231,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001229"]},{"id":"P5_S001229_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+22 more P5 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve accumulated 47 P5 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 22 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 22 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P5","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":22,"totalRaw":47,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":22,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001229"]},{"id":"P17_S001229_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+18 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve accumulated 43 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 18 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 18 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":18,"totalRaw":43,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":18,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001229"]},{"id":"P40_S001229_INTC_20250401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in INTC 19 days before FTC action","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve traded INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-04-01","title":"FTC Order Requires Workado to Back Up Artificial Intelligence Detection Claims","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims"]},{"id":"P40_S001229_WMT_20250601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in WMT 20 days before FTC action","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sold WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-06-01","title":"Walmart to Pay $10 Million to Settle FTC Allegations it Allowed Scammers to Obtain Millions from Consumers Using Company’s Wire Transfer Services","penalty":10000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/06/walmart-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-allegations-it-allowed-scammers-obtain-millions-consumers-using"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/06/walmart-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-allegations-it-allowed-scammers-obtain-millions-consumers-using"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_MA_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2025-Q2 while MASTERCARD, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in MA during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD, INC, MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD, INC","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED","MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_NVDA_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NVDA in 2025-Q2 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in NVDA during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_META_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of META in 2025-Q2 while METAVIVOR had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in META during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (METAVIVOR, META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["METAVIVOR","META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES","METALS INNOVATION INITIATIVE, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_BA_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BA in 2025-Q2 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in BA during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, BOEING COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING COMPANY","BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_AAPL_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2025-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in AAPL during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE, INC.","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_JPM_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2025-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in JPM during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_LLY_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LLY in 2025-Q2 while ELI LILLY AND COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in LLY during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, TIBER CREEK HEALTH STRATEGIES, INC. ON BEHALF OF ELI LILLY AND COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","TIBER CREEK HEALTH STRATEGIES, INC. ON BEHALF OF ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","ELI LILLY & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_WFC_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of WFC in 2025-Q2 while WELLS FARGO & COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in WFC during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & COMPANY, WELLS FARGO). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & COMPANY","WELLS FARGO"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_XOM_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2025-Q2 while EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in XOM during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_JNJ_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2025-Q2 while JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in JNJ during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC, JOHNSON & JOHNSON). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC","JOHNSON & JOHNSON","STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_TSLA_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2025-Q2 while TESLA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in TSLA during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, INC., TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC","TESLA INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_MSFT_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_GOOGL_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2025-Q2 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in GOOGL during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLOUD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_V_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2025-Q2 while VISA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in V during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA, INC., VISA INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["VISA, INC.","VISA INC.","VISA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_AMZN_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2025-Q2 while AMAZON.COM had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in AMZN during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON CORPORATE LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_NFLX_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2025-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in NFLX during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_GOOG_20250512","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOG in 2025-Q2 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in GOOG during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLOUD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_MSFT_20250508","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a buy in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_AAPL_20250508","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2025-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in AAPL during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE, INC.","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_NVDA_20250508","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2025-Q2 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a buy in NVDA during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_ABBV_20250417","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of ABBV in 2025-Q2 while ABBVIE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in ABBV during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE, INC., ABBVIE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-17","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["ABBVIE, INC.","ABBVIE","ABBVIE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_BAC_20250407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2025-Q2 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in BAC during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_META_20250407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of META in 2025-Q2 while METAVIVOR had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in META during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (METAVIVOR, META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["METAVIVOR","META PLATFORMS, INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES","METALS INNOVATION INITIATIVE, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_MSFT_20250407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_AAPL_20250407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2025-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed a buy in AAPL during 2025-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07","quarter":"2025-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE, INC.","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_PYPL_20250305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $PYPL 1 day after a corporate insider (Miller Jamie S  (CIK 0001290697)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Miller Jamie S  (CIK 0001290697)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001633917-25-000029","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_BDX_20250305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BDX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $BDX 1 day after a corporate insider (Garrison Michael David  (CIK 0001944816)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BDX","filer":"Garrison Michael David  (CIK 0001944816)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001062993-25-004225","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_SYK_20250313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $SYK 1 day after a corporate insider (Pierce James Andrew  (CIK 0001886518)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Pierce James Andrew  (CIK 0001886518)","filingDate":"2025-03-12","adsh":"0000310764-25-000037","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_VSH_20250305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VSH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $VSH 1 day after a corporate insider (Hackett Robert Barrett II  (CIK 0002007066)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VSH","filer":"Hackett Robert Barrett II  (CIK 0002007066)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001062993-25-004315","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_VRTX_20250313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VRTX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $VRTX 1 day after a corporate insider (ALTSHULER DAVID  (CIK 0001550395)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRTX","filer":"ALTSHULER DAVID  (CIK 0001550395)","filingDate":"2025-03-12","adsh":"0000875320-25-000144","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_NVT_20250305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $NVT 1 day after a corporate insider (van der Kolk Robert J.  (CIK 0001739009)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVT","filer":"van der Kolk Robert J.  (CIK 0001739009)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0000897069-25-000447","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_HIW_20250305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HIW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $HIW 1 day after a corporate insider (Maiorana Brendan C  (CIK 0001781866)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HIW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HIW","filer":"Maiorana Brendan C  (CIK 0001781866)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001562180-25-001979","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_ADBE_20250508","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADBE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $ADBE 2 days after a corporate insider (Forusz Jillian  (CIK 0002031886)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Forusz Jillian  (CIK 0002031886)","filingDate":"2025-05-06","adsh":"0001628280-25-022694","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_AVGO_20250417","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $AVGO 2 days after a corporate insider (Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)","filingDate":"2025-04-15","adsh":"0001730168-25-000031","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_WFC_20250313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WFC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $WFC 2 days after a corporate insider (Flowers Derek A.  (CIK 0001779515)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Flowers Derek A.  (CIK 0001779515)","filingDate":"2025-03-11","adsh":"0001127602-25-009102","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_AMD_20250305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $AMD 2 days after a corporate insider (Su Lisa T  (CIK 0001405109)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"Su Lisa T  (CIK 0001405109)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0000002488-25-000030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_DG_20250512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $DG 3 days after a corporate insider (GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)","filingDate":"2025-05-09","adsh":"0000897069-25-000951","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_SNPS_20250417","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SNPS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $SNPS 3 days after a corporate insider (Borgen Luis  (CIK 0001488660)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNPS","filer":"Borgen Luis  (CIK 0001488660)","filingDate":"2025-04-14","adsh":"0001517737-25-000047","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_BSX_20250512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BSX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $BSX 3 days after a corporate insider (Habiger David C  (CIK 0001326409)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Habiger David C  (CIK 0001326409)","filingDate":"2025-05-09","adsh":"0001225208-25-004929","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_ORCL_20250407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ORCL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $ORCL 3 days after a corporate insider (SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"SELIGMAN NAOMI O  (CIK 0001192761)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0001127602-25-011732","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_WDC_20250313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WDC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $WDC 3 days after a corporate insider (Bennett Don R  (CIK 0002057258)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WDC","filer":"Bennett Don R  (CIK 0002057258)","filingDate":"2025-03-10","adsh":"0001266824-25-000036","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_PM_20250512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $PM 3 days after a corporate insider (Harker Victoria D  (CIK 0001350579)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PM","filer":"Harker Victoria D  (CIK 0001350579)","filingDate":"2025-05-09","adsh":"0001413329-25-000122","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_AMAT_20250313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMAT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $AMAT 3 days after a corporate insider (Borkar Rani  (CIK 0001835775)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"Borkar Rani  (CIK 0001835775)","filingDate":"2025-03-10","adsh":"0001127602-25-008915","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_ACGL_20250512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ACGL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $ACGL 3 days after a corporate insider (MALLESCH EILEEN A  (CIK 0001444790)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACGL","filer":"MALLESCH EILEEN A  (CIK 0001444790)","filingDate":"2025-05-09","adsh":"0001415889-25-012555","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_COST_20250331","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COST 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $COST 3 days after a corporate insider (Castle Jeremy  (CIK 0001992507)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"Castle Jeremy  (CIK 0001992507)","filingDate":"2025-03-28","adsh":"0001079973-25-000519","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_GE_20250407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $GE 3 days after a corporate insider (Baert Steven  (CIK 0002002953)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GE","filer":"Baert Steven  (CIK 0002002953)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0001996810-25-000063","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_CTRA_20250512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CTRA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $CTRA 3 days after a corporate insider (WATTS MARCUS A  (CIK 0001225202)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTRA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTRA","filer":"WATTS MARCUS A  (CIK 0001225202)","filingDate":"2025-05-09","adsh":"0000858470-25-000139","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_CZR_20250313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CZR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $CZR 3 days after a corporate insider (KORNSTEIN DON R  (CIK 0001023115)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CZR","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CZR","filer":"KORNSTEIN DON R  (CIK 0001023115)","filingDate":"2025-03-10","adsh":"0001590895-25-000088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_CBOE_20250512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CBOE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $CBOE 3 days after a corporate insider (DONOHUE CRAIG S  (CIK 0001212810)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CBOE","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CBOE","filer":"DONOHUE CRAIG S  (CIK 0001212810)","filingDate":"2025-05-09","adsh":"0001415889-25-013034","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_BC_20250407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $BC 3 days after a corporate insider (Northern Right Capital Management, L.P.  (CIK 0001346543)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BC","filer":"Northern Right Capital Management, L.P.  (CIK 0001346543)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0000950170-25-051109","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001229_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+43 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve accumulated 68 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 43 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":43,"totalRaw":68}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_LOW_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LOW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $LOW 1 day before a corporate insider (MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001240085-25-000032"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_BKNG_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BKNG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $BKNG 1 day before a corporate insider (Steenbergen Ewout L  (CIK 0001574918)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"Steenbergen Ewout L  (CIK 0001574918)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001415889-25-012781"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_CSCO_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CSCO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $CSCO 1 day before a corporate insider (Wong Maria Victoria  (CIK 0001987582)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Wong Maria Victoria  (CIK 0001987582)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0000950170-25-070681"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_DASH_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DASH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $DASH 1 day before a corporate insider (Inukonda Ravi  (CIK 0001849709)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DASH","filer":"Inukonda Ravi  (CIK 0001849709)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001415889-25-012761"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_ANET_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ANET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $ANET 1 day before a corporate insider (Breithaupt Chantelle Yvette  (CIK 0001850596)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANET","filer":"Breithaupt Chantelle Yvette  (CIK 0001850596)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001596532-25-000110"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_TDG_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TDG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $TDG 1 day before a corporate insider (Warren Jessica L  (CIK 0001963648)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TDG","filer":"Warren Jessica L  (CIK 0001963648)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0000950170-25-070488"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_SNDK_20250224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SNDK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $SNDK 1 day before a corporate insider (Visoso Luis Felipe  (CIK 0001816289)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNDK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNDK","filer":"Visoso Luis Felipe  (CIK 0001816289)","filingDate":"2025-02-25","adsh":"0001363249-25-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_CHTR_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CHTR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $CHTR 1 day before a corporate insider (Liberty Broadband Corp  (LBRDA, LBRDB, LBRDK, LBRDP)  (CIK 0001611983)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHTR","filer":"Liberty Broadband Corp  (LBRDA, LBRDB, LBRDK, LBRDP)  (CIK 0001611983)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001104659-25-047850"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_INTU_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $INTU 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $INTU 1 day before a corporate insider (DALZELL RICHARD L  (CIK 0001184753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTU","filer":"DALZELL RICHARD L  (CIK 0001184753)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001628280-25-025158"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_APD_20250224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $APD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $APD 1 day before a corporate insider (Menezes Eduardo F  (CIK 0001411350)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APD","filer":"Menezes Eduardo F  (CIK 0001411350)","filingDate":"2025-02-25","adsh":"0001225208-25-002347"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_WDAY_20250407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WDAY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $WDAY 1 day before a corporate insider (Rowe Zane  (CIK 0001444158)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDAY","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WDAY","filer":"Rowe Zane  (CIK 0001444158)","filingDate":"2025-04-08","adsh":"0001327811-25-000085"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_ADI_20250305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $ADI 1 day before a corporate insider (JOHNSON MERCEDES  (CIK 0001225110)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"JOHNSON MERCEDES  (CIK 0001225110)","filingDate":"2025-03-06","adsh":"0000006281-25-000035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_MRVL_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MRVL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $MRVL 1 day before a corporate insider (Dixon Panteha  (CIK 0001962098)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"Dixon Panteha  (CIK 0001962098)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001835632-25-000099"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_UPS_20250508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UPS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $UPS 1 day before a corporate insider (JOHNSON WILLIAM R  (CIK 0001199101)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"JOHNSON WILLIAM R  (CIK 0001199101)","filingDate":"2025-05-09","adsh":"0001225208-25-004908"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_IEX_20250224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IEX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $IEX 1 day before a corporate insider (Glastra Matthijs  (CIK 0001561438)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IEX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IEX","filer":"Glastra Matthijs  (CIK 0001561438)","filingDate":"2025-02-25","adsh":"0000905148-25-000773"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_GEV_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GEV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $GEV 1 day before a corporate insider (Strazik Scott  (CIK 0001763642)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEV","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GEV","filer":"Strazik Scott  (CIK 0001763642)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001996810-25-000094"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_CTRA_20250508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CTRA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $CTRA 1 day before a corporate insider (WATTS MARCUS A  (CIK 0001225202)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTRA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTRA","filer":"WATTS MARCUS A  (CIK 0001225202)","filingDate":"2025-05-09","adsh":"0000858470-25-000139"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_ROST_20250313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ROST 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $ROST 1 day before a corporate insider (Brinkley Stephen C  (CIK 0001997180)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROST","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROST","filer":"Brinkley Stephen C  (CIK 0001997180)","filingDate":"2025-03-14","adsh":"0001415889-25-008147"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_RPD_20250331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RPD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $RPD 1 day before a corporate insider (Holzman Benjamin  (CIK 0001647255)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RPD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RPD","filer":"Holzman Benjamin  (CIK 0001647255)","filingDate":"2025-04-01","adsh":"0000950103-25-004214"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_MMM_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MMM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $MMM 2 days before a corporate insider (Kereere Suzan  (CIK 0001896086)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMM","filer":"Kereere Suzan  (CIK 0001896086)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0001127602-25-014335"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_IDXX_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IDXX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $IDXX 2 days before a corporate insider (JUNIUS DANIEL M  (CIK 0001094159)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IDXX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IDXX","filer":"JUNIUS DANIEL M  (CIK 0001094159)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0000874716-25-000090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_AXP_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AXP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $AXP 2 days before a corporate insider (Joabar Raymond  (CIK 0001788395)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Joabar Raymond  (CIK 0001788395)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0001127602-25-014259"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_LOW_20250224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LOW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $LOW 2 days before a corporate insider (MOORE H LYNN JR  (CIK 0001250902)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"MOORE H LYNN JR  (CIK 0001250902)","filingDate":"2025-02-26","adsh":"0001240085-25-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_CTAS_20250407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CTAS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve buy $CTAS 2 days before a corporate insider (Rozakis Jim  (CIK 0001977713)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTAS","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTAS","filer":"Rozakis Jim  (CIK 0001977713)","filingDate":"2025-04-09","adsh":"0000892251-25-000029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_UBER_20250512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UBER 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sell $UBER 2 days before a corporate insider (Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0001562180-25-003844"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001229_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+119 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve accumulated 144 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 119 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":119,"totalRaw":144}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_S001229_National_Association_of_Home_B_115291","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, which on 2023-02-08 held a hearing titled \"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of the Biden Administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) Rule\". The witness Ms. Alicia Huey (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","eventId":"115291","title":"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of the Biden Administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) Rule","date":"2023-02-08T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Alicia Huey","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115291"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115291","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_118227","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UPS 1 day after a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials, which on 2025-05-06 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Federal Rail Assistance\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials","eventId":"118227","title":"\"America Builds: Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Federal Rail Assistance\"","date":"2025-05-06T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118227"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118227","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_118161","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMD 8 days after a Technology hearing in House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe, which on 2025-04-29 held a hearing titled \"Shaping the Future of Cyber Diplomacy: Review for State Department Reauthorization\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $AMD (a Technology-sector stock) 8 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe","eventId":"118161","title":"Shaping the Future of Cyber Diplomacy: Review for State Department Reauthorization","date":"2025-04-29T18:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118161"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118161","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_117997","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CAT 1 day after a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"\"Water Infrastructure Financing: WIFIA and the Clean Water State Revolving Fund\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $CAT (a Industrials-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","eventId":"117997","title":"\"Water Infrastructure Financing: WIFIA and the Clean Water State Revolving Fund\"","date":"2025-03-11T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117997"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117997","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_117946","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UPS 8 days after a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2025-04-29 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: The Need for a Long-Term Solution for the Highway Trust Fund\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 8 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"117946","title":"\"America Builds: The Need for a Long-Term Solution for the Highway Trust Fund\"","date":"2025-04-29T14:15:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117946"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117946","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_117944","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HON 2 days before a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $HON (a Industrials-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117944","title":"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_117943","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GILD 3 days before a Pharma hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 2390, the \"Maritime Supply Chain Security Act\"; H.R. 2351, \"To direct the Commandant of the Coast Guard to update the policy of the Coa…\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member buy $GILD (a Pharma-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117943","title":"H.R. 2390, the \"Maritime Supply Chain Security Act\"; H.R. 2351, \"To direct the Commandant of the Coast Guard to update the policy of the Coast Guard regarding the use of medication to treat drug overdose, and for other purposes\"; an ANS to H.R. 252, the \"Secure Our Ports Act of 2025\"; H.R. 2035, the \"American Cargo for American Ships Act\"; H.R. 188, the \"Amtrak Transparency and Accountability for Passengers and Taxpayers Act\"; H.R. 248, the \"Baby Changing on Board Act\"; an ANS to H.R. 1373, the \"Tennessee Valley Authority Transparency Act of 2025\"; H.R. 1948, \"To authorize the International Boundary and Water Commission to accept funds for activities relating to wastewater treatment and flood control works, and for other purposes\"; an ANS to H. Res. 137, Designating the House Press Gallery (Rooms H-315, H-316, H-317, H-318, H-319 of the United States Capitol) as the \"Frederick Douglass Press Gallery\"; and other matters cleared for consideration.","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117943"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117943","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_117938","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CAT 7 days after a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, which on 2025-03-05 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Coast Guard Acquisitions and Infrastructure\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $CAT (a Industrials-sector stock) 7 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","eventId":"117938","title":"\"America Builds: Coast Guard Acquisitions and Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-03-05T15:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117938"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117938","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_117936","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CAT 8 days after a Industrials hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $CAT (a Industrials-sector stock) 8 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117936","title":"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"","date":"2025-03-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_117826","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $XOM 3 days before a Energy hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"The Authorization and Oversight Plan for the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure for the 119th Congress; H.R. 1182, the Compresse…\" — classified as Energy sector. The member buy $XOM (a Energy-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117826","title":"The Authorization and Oversight Plan for the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure for the 119th Congress; H.R. 1182, the Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety and Oversight Improvements Act of 2025; H. Con. Res. 9, Authorizing the use of the Capitol Grounds for the National Peace Officers Memorial Service and the National Honor Guard and Pipe Band Exhibition; An Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to H.R. 501, the Promoting Resilient Buildings Act of 2025; H.R. 744, the Disaster Management Costs Modernization Act; and H.R. 1382, To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with respect to San Francisco Bay restoration, and for other purposes","date":"2025-02-26T15:00:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117826"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117826","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_S001229_117825","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $XOM 2 days before a Energy hearing in House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"\"Promoting and Improving Safety and Efficient Pipeline Infrastructure\"\" — classified as Energy sector. The member buy $XOM (a Energy-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials","eventId":"117825","title":"\"Promoting and Improving Safety and Efficient Pipeline Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-02-25T15:00:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117825"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117825","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001229_2025-03-27_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 4 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve delivered a 193-word floor speech on 2025-03-27 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, during this past district work period, I had the opportunity of hosting discussions with business leaders and constituents across Indiana’s Sixth District. With our community leaders, we…\"). The member buy $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 4 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-03-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":193,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, during this past district work period, I had the opportunity of hosting discussions with business leaders and constituents across Indiana’s Sixth District. With our community leaders, we ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/03/27/171/56/CREC-2025-03-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/03/27/171/56/CREC-2025-03-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001229_CAT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $CAT — CATERPILLAR's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed 4 reported trades in $CAT (CATERPILLAR). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CATERPILLAR INC. PAC (CATPAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","parent":"CATERPILLAR","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-13"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CATERPILLAR INC. PAC (CATPAC)","parent":"CATERPILLAR","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CATERPILLAR%20INC.%20PAC%20(CATPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CATERPILLAR%20INC.%20PAC%20(CATPAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001229_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CMCSA — COMCAST's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed 3 reported trades in $CMCSA (COMCAST). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","parent":"COMCAST","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-31"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL","parent":"COMCAST","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20PAC%20-%20FEDERAL"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20PAC%20-%20FEDERAL","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001229_HON","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $HON — HONEYWELL's PAC also donated $4,000","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed 1 reported trade in $HON (HONEYWELL). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","parent":"HONEYWELL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL PAC","parent":"HONEYWELL","total":4000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HONEYWELL%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HONEYWELL%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001229_T","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $T — AT&T's PAC also donated $4,000","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed 1 reported trade in $T (AT&T). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","parent":"AT&T","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC)","parent":"AT&T","total":4000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%20EMPLOYEE%20FEDERAL%20PAC%20(AT%26T%20EMPLOYEE%20FEDERAL%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%20EMPLOYEE%20FEDERAL%20PAC%20(AT%26T%20EMPLOYEE%20FEDERAL%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001229_BLK","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $BLK — BLACKROCK's PAC also donated $3,000","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed 5 reported trades in $BLK (BLACKROCK). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC PAC (BLACKROCK PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","parent":"BLACKROCK","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-12"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-07"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC PAC (BLACKROCK PAC)","parent":"BLACKROCK","total":3000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=BLACKROCK%20FUNDS%20SERVICES%20GROUP%20LLC%20PAC%20(BLACKROCK%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=BLACKROCK%20FUNDS%20SERVICES%20GROUP%20LLC%20PAC%20(BLACKROCK%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_S001229","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $30,300","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve received campaign contributions totaling $30,300 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,300); INDIANA FARM BUREAU, INC. ($5,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($5,000); AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION ($5,000); UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE/CENTER FOR CAPIT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":30300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INDIANA FARM BUREAU INC ELECT PAC","ldaClient":"INDIANA FARM BUREAU, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC (SKINPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE/CENTER FOR CAPITAL MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_S001229_2025-05-08","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"235 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-05-08 — 198 unique tickers","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve executed 235 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-05-08 to 2025-05-12), spanning 198 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-05-08","windowEnd":"2025-05-12","tradeCount":235,"uniqueTickers":198,"totalDisclosedTrades":558,"sampleTickers":["AMD","XYZ","CTRA","AXP","COIN","CEG","MSFT","AAPL","ORCL","UPS"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001229","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 195 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 195 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (30); trade near vote (26); lobby spike trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (26); insider followed trade (26).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":195,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":30},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":26},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001229","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001229","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jefferson Shreve's campaign paid $16,140 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: SHREVE, JOSHUA ($10,200)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $16,140 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SHREVE, JOSHUA ($10,200 across 1 payments, services: TELEVISION AD PRODUCTION). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":16140,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SHREVE, JOSHUA","total":10200,"count":1,"descriptions":["TELEVISION AD PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"CALEB R SHREVE","total":5940,"count":1,"descriptions":["FIELDWORK CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"shreve"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4IN06185&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P139_S001229","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jefferson Shreve filed 235 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 198 distinct tickers, 24 buys, 211 sells","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve filed 235 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 24 were buy transactions and 211 were sells, spanning 198 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":235,"distinctTickers":198,"buys":24,"sells":211,"sampleTickers":["CEG","TTWO","CRWD","GS","VZ","MA","CWST","WDC","CTRA","CAT","NI","NVDA"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P140_S001229","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jefferson Shreve disclosed 33 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 6 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL NVDA $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve has filed 33 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 6 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL NVDA $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2025-05-12 · SELL META $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-05-12 · SELL AAPL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-05-12 · SELL JPM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-05-12.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":33,"veryHighCount":6,"lowerBoundSum":5200033,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"META","action":"SELL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","date":"2025-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S001229","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jefferson Shreve executed 62 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL CEG (4d apart)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve has 62 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL CEG 2025-05-08 → 2025-05-12 (4d) · BUY→SELL GS 2025-05-08 → 2025-05-12 (4d) · BUY→SELL WDC 2025-04-17 → 2025-05-12 (25d) · BUY→SELL CAT 2025-04-17 → 2025-05-12 (25d) · BUY→SELL NVDA 2025-05-08 → 2025-05-12 (4d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":62,"samples":[{"ticker":"CEG","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-05-08","date2":"2025-05-12","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GS","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-05-08","date2":"2025-05-12","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"WDC","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-17","date2":"2025-05-12","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CAT","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-17","date2":"2025-05-12","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-05-08","date2":"2025-05-12","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"LULU","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-07","date2":"2025-04-17","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ZTS","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-07","date2":"2025-04-17","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AXP","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-05-08","date2":"2025-05-12","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001229","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jefferson Shreve triggers 102 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve accumulates 102 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":102,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001229_2025-05-12","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jefferson Shreve — 191 trades on 2025-05-12","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve disclosed 191 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-05-12). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-05-12","count":191}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_S001229","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jefferson Shreve — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (552/558)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":558,"atBracket":552,"pct":"98.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001229","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jefferson Shreve — 254 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve has traded 254 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":254,"sample":["CEG","TTWO","CRWD","GS","VZ","MA","CWST","WDC","CTRA","CAT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_S001229","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jefferson Shreve — 7 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve has traded 7 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":7,"tickers":["CRWD","SNOW","DASH","COIN","PLTR","UBER","ZM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P37_S001229_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+5 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jefferson Shreve accumulated 30 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 5 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 5 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":5,"totalRaw":30,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":5,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001229"]}],"L000601":[{"id":"P1_L000601_nru5jq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 1d BEFORE HR 1925 — \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1925 \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1925","title":"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-28","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201925"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_nt2vq8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CRM 1d BEFORE HR 1925 — \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded CRM (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1925 \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1925","title":"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-28","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201925"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_24jq8c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SPG 8d after HR 577 — \"Treatment and Homelessness Housing Integration Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded SPG (RealEstate) within 8 days of HR 577 \"Treatment and Homelessness Housing Integration Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 577","title":"Treatment and Homelessness Housing Integration Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-19","daysDiff":8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20577"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_mseh8e","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 1d BEFORE HR 1925 — \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1925 \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1925","title":"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-28","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201925"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_772uvt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL UNH 0d BEFORE HR 1785 — \"Preventing Medicare Telefraud Act\"","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 1785 \"Preventing Medicare Telefraud Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1785","title":"Preventing Medicare Telefraud Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-27","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201785"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_5dpgso","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL V 1d BEFORE HR 1925 — \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1925 \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1925","title":"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-28","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201925"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_sa76wq","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JPM 0d BEFORE HRES 118 — \"Calling on Federal law enforcement, led by the Fed…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of HRES 118 \"Calling on Federal law enforcement, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 118","title":"Calling on Federal law enforcement, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Security, and","introducedDate":"2025-03-27","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20118"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_83hhhu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOGL 1d BEFORE HR 1925 — \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1925 \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1925","title":"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-28","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201925"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_gjvnzt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 1d BEFORE HR 1925 — \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1925 \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1925","title":"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-28","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201925"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_z3ci2t","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMZN 1d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 1 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-02-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_utxpnf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LLY 6d BEFORE HR 3658 — \"Joint Task Force to Combat Opioid Trafficking Act\"","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 6 days of HR 3658 \"Joint Task Force to Combat Opioid Trafficking Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2024-11-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3658","title":"Joint Task Force to Combat Opioid Trafficking Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-14","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203658"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_8fhnfs","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMZN 1d BEFORE HR 9187 — \"Intimate Privacy Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 1 days of HR 9187 \"Intimate Privacy Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-10-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 9187","title":"Intimate Privacy Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-10-16","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%209187"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_m2ckeh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PSX 12d after HR 5583 — \"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act\"","explanation":"Member traded PSX (Energy) within 12 days of HR 5583 \"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","date":"2024-10-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5583","title":"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act","introducedDate":"2024-10-03","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205583"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_ywlorc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL FANG 12d after HR 5583 — \"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act\"","explanation":"Member traded FANG (Energy) within 12 days of HR 5583 \"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANG","date":"2024-10-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5583","title":"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act","introducedDate":"2024-10-03","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205583"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_j18xg6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL XOM 12d after HR 5583 — \"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act\"","explanation":"Member traded XOM (Energy) within 12 days of HR 5583 \"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2024-10-15","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5583","title":"Climate-Friendly Food Label Task Force Act","introducedDate":"2024-10-03","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205583"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_o1in3c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ANET 2d BEFORE HR 3767 — \"To require the Council on Environmental Quality to…\"","explanation":"Member traded ANET (Technology) within 2 days of HR 3767 \"To require the Council on Environmental Quality to submit to Congress a report o\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2024-08-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3767","title":"To require the Council on Environmental Quality to submit to Congress a report on the potential for online and digital t","introducedDate":"2024-08-23","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203767"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_lhdmfw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMZN 2d BEFORE HR 3767 — \"To require the Council on Environmental Quality to…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 2 days of HR 3767 \"To require the Council on Environmental Quality to submit to Congress a report o\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-08-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3767","title":"To require the Council on Environmental Quality to submit to Congress a report on the potential for online and digital t","introducedDate":"2024-08-23","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203767"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_1k5lg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ADBE 0d BEFORE HR 4223 — \"National AI Commission Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ADBE (Technology) within 0 days of HR 4223 \"National AI Commission Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","date":"2024-08-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4223","title":"National AI Commission Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-14","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204223"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_og930h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY FANG 6d BEFORE HR 7940 — \"Coal Cleanup Taxpayer Protection Act of 2024\"","explanation":"Member traded FANG (Energy) within 6 days of HR 7940 \"Coal Cleanup Taxpayer Protection Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANG","date":"2024-07-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7940","title":"Coal Cleanup Taxpayer Protection Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2024-07-23","daysDiff":-6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207940"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_kgpsz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ISRG 2d BEFORE HR 3679 — \"Healthy Air Travel Act\"","explanation":"Member traded ISRG (Healthcare) within 2 days of HR 3679 \"Healthy Air Travel Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","date":"2024-07-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3679","title":"Healthy Air Travel Act","introducedDate":"2024-07-19","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203679"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_77rcig","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ISRG 8d after HR 106 — \"Abortion Is Not Health Care Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded ISRG (Healthcare) within 8 days of HR 106 \"Abortion Is Not Health Care Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","date":"2024-06-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 106","title":"Abortion Is Not Health Care Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-06-12","daysDiff":8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20106"]},{"id":"P1_L000601_n4hte1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 9d after HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 9 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-05-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":9,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P2_L000601_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $39,700 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Greg Landsman serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $39,700 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":39700,"count":11,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Veterans' Affairs","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & 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AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Veterans' Affairs","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000601","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Landsman","https://landsman.house.gov/posts/landsman-appointed-to-house-committee-on-energy-and-commerce"]},{"id":"P2_L000601_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Greg Landsman serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Veterans' Affairs","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000601","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Landsman","https://landsman.house.gov/posts/landsman-appointed-to-house-committee-on-energy-and-commerce"]},{"id":"P2_L000601_na2kwc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ATU COPE VOLUNTARY ACCOUNT gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Greg Landsman serves on committees regulating Transportation (Finance, Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from ATU COPE VOLUNTARY ACCOUNT, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ATU COPE VOLUNTARY ACCOUNT","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Veterans' Affairs","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000601","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Landsman","https://landsman.house.gov/posts/landsman-appointed-to-house-committee-on-energy-and-commerce"]},{"id":"P2_L000601_59vxyn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Greg Landsman serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Veterans' Affairs","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000601","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Landsman","https://landsman.house.gov/posts/landsman-appointed-to-house-committee-on-energy-and-commerce"]},{"id":"P2_L000601_glsvz1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND INC PAC,  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Greg Landsman serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND INC PAC, DBA PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERAL PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND INC PAC, DBA PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Veterans' Affairs","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000601","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Landsman","https://landsman.house.gov/posts/landsman-appointed-to-house-committee-on-energy-and-commerce"]},{"id":"P2_L000601_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $4,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Greg Landsman serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Veterans' Affairs","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & 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Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":14,"avgGap":245},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":143,"avgGap":199},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000601_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare trades filed 209d late on avg — overall avg only 199d","explanation":"In Healthcare (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 209.3 days — versus 198.9 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":11,"avgGap":209},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":143,"avgGap":199},{"source":"pac","sector":"Healthcare","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P5_L000601_qg88c","pattern_type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$560,000 lobbying spike near KR trade","explanation":"KR was lobbied $560,000 in the 30 days before this member traded it — vs $0/month baseline. 2x+ spike.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","date":"2025-05-09","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL"},{"source":"lobbying","ticker":"KR","recentTotal":560000,"baselineAvg":0,"recordCount":3,"topClients":["KROGER CO","THE KROGER CO."]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P7_L000601_fmbqnn","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,979,484 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,979,484 opposing this member across 110 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1979483.5000000002,"totalSupport":757693.1900000003,"events":110,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1849629.2600000002},{"name":"WOMEN SPEAK OUT PAC","oppose":73651.81999999999},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":56202.420000000006}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_L000601_7vaxwe","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$19,737 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $19,737 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":19737.04,"oppose":0,"net":19737.04,"events":55,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":19534.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":202.44,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_L000601_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4647 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,019,369 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4647× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,019,369. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4647,"total":2019369,"years":["2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000601_jn6opn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,730 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $61,730 across 40 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,117.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00800276","date":"2025-06-30","amount":61730,"count":40,"baseline":9117,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00800276/"]},{"id":"P15_L000601_9pnsoz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,775 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $58,775 across 30 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,677.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00800276","date":"2023-03-31","amount":58775,"count":30,"baseline":7677,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00800276/"]},{"id":"P17_L000601_BLK_2025-02-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-18 and 2025-02-24, 4 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-02-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-02-18 to 2025-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000601_RTX_2023-09-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-21 and 2023-09-27, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2023-09-21 to 2023-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000601_LLY_2023-01-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-27 and 2023-02-03, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-01-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-01-27 to 2023-02-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000601_LLY_2023-01-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-31 and 2023-02-07, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-01-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-01-31 to 2023-02-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000601_LLY_2023-02-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-02-02 and 2023-02-07, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-02-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-02-02 to 2023-02-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000601_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Landsman executed 14 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMP","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of Compliance Dates for Standards for Covered Clearing Agencies for U.S. Treasury Securities and Application o","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of Compliance Dates for Standards for Covered Clearing Agencies for U.S. Treasury Securities and Application o","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000601_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"58 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Landsman executed 58 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Fishery; 2025 Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Specifi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-02-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Fishery; 2025 Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Specifi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-02-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000601_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Landsman executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2024-07-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Architect and Engineering Service Fees (DFARS Case 2024-D019)","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2024-06-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000601_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Landsman executed 9 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2024-11-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-10-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2024-10-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Food Labeling: Nutrient Content Claims; Definition of Term “Healthy”","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Quality System Regulation Amendments; Correction","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-10-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000601_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Landsman executed 15 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","date":"2024-10-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANG","date":"2024-10-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2024-10-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LNG","date":"2024-10-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zones; Annual Events in the Captain of the Port Eastern Great Lakes Zone","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-09-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zones; Annual Events in the Captain of the Port Eastern Great Lakes Zone","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-09-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_L000601_k3dahx","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Landsman campaign paid $409,452 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Greg Landsman's campaign paid 80 disbursements totaling $409,452 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LANDSMAN LAW GROUP","total":10688,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LANDSMAN LAW GROUP","amount":10688,"date":"2022-09-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"landsman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","total":4203,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","amount":4203,"date":"2006-12-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P20_L000601_g6zvjc","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 8 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on committees overseeing Finance, Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 8 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"URI","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":104508.9,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3448894.2399999998,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2818221.0700000003,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_L000601","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"53% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 8.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 161 disclosed trades, 86 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 8.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":86,"total":161,"rate":53.4},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_L000601","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 5 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on committees regulating Finance, Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Finance, Technology, Healthcare, Defense, Energy. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":14},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":58},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":11},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":15}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000601","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 distinct pattern types firing; 2 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 1 more)","explanation":"Greg Landsman has findings in 14 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 2 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":14,"totalFindings":53,"highSeverityCount":14,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":5},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_L000601_MSFT_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in MSFT 2 days before FTC action","explanation":"Greg Landsman traded MSFT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Will Require Microsoft to Pay $20 million over Charges it Illegally Collected Personal Information from Children without Their Parents’ Consent","penalty":20000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-30","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_s-3012_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-3012","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-3012. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-3012","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-1_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-1_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-875_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-875","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-875. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-875","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-275_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-275","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-275. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-275","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-884_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-884","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-884. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-884","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-2056_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2056","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2056. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2056","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-2096_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2096","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2096. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2096","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_s-1582_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-1582","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-1582. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-1582","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-2931_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2931","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2931. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2931","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_sjres-31_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-31","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-31. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-31","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-2255_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2255","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2255. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2255","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-2243_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2243","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2243. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2243","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-2240_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2240","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2240. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2240","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_sjres-7_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-7","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-7. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-7","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_sjres-13_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-13","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-13. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-13","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-276_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-276","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-276. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-276","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hconres-14_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-14","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-14. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-14","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-1526_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1526","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1526. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1526","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-22_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-22","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-22. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-22","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_sjres-18_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-18","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-18. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-18","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-1156_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1156","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1156. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1156","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_sjres-28_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-28","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-28. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-28","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_sjres-3_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-3","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-3. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-3","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_s-9_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-9","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-9. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-9","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_sjres-11_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-11","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-11. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-11","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hjres-35_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HJRES-35","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HJRES-35. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hjres-35","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-77_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-77","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-77. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-77","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-26_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-26","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-26. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-26","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-27_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-27","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-27. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-27","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_L000601_hr-21_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-21","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-21. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-21","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf"]},{"id":"P37_L000601_MSFT_20250327","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_GOOGL_20250327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $GOOGL 1 day after a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-03-26","adsh":"0000950170-25-045574","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_ISRG_20230504","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ISRG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $ISRG 1 day after a corporate insider (Curet Myriam  (CIK 0001632901)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ISRG","filer":"Curet Myriam  (CIK 0001632901)","filingDate":"2023-05-03","adsh":"0001035267-23-000137","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_TRMB_20231117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TRMB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $TRMB 1 day after a corporate insider (Gabriel Kaigham  (CIK 0001640371)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRMB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRMB","filer":"Gabriel Kaigham  (CIK 0001640371)","filingDate":"2023-11-16","adsh":"0000864749-23-000198","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_HON_20250327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $HON 1 day after a corporate insider (Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)","filingDate":"2025-03-26","adsh":"0001562180-25-002771","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_BLK_20230202","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BLK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $BLK 1 day after a corporate insider (Cohen Stephen  (CIK 0001855412)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Cohen Stephen  (CIK 0001855412)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-002986","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_PH_20250327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $PH 2 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2025-03-25","adsh":"0001539497-25-001039","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_HD_20250327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $HD 2 days after a corporate insider (Bastek William D  (CIK 0001970134)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Bastek William D  (CIK 0001970134)","filingDate":"2025-03-25","adsh":"0000354950-25-000088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_LHX_20240717","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LHX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $LHX 2 days after a corporate insider (MIKUEN SCOTT T  (CIK 0001502312)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"MIKUEN SCOTT T  (CIK 0001502312)","filingDate":"2024-07-15","adsh":"0000202058-24-000134","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_URI_20241219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $URI 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $URI 2 days after a corporate insider (Clinton Uri  (CIK 0001443809)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"Clinton Uri  (CIK 0001443809)","filingDate":"2024-12-17","adsh":"0001062993-24-020784","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_URI_20230112","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $URI 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $URI 3 days after a corporate insider (Weinberg Uri  (CIK 0001811030)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"Weinberg Uri  (CIK 0001811030)","filingDate":"2023-01-09","adsh":"0001645113-23-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_AMZN_20240412","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $AMZN 4 days after a corporate insider (Selipsky Adam  (CIK 0001684974)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Selipsky Adam  (CIK 0001684974)","filingDate":"2024-04-08","adsh":"0001018724-24-000073","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_NVDA_20240603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NVDA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $NVDA 4 days after a corporate insider (MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)","filingDate":"2024-05-30","adsh":"0001045810-24-000130","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_CRWD_20241015","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CRWD 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $CRWD 4 days after a corporate insider (Kurtz George  (CIK 0001778564)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWD","filer":"Kurtz George  (CIK 0001778564)","filingDate":"2024-10-11","adsh":"0001415889-24-025066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_NVDA_20230201","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $NVDA 5 days after a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2023-01-27","adsh":"0001045810-23-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_LLY_20240603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LLY 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $LLY 5 days after a corporate insider (LILLY ENDOWMENT INC  (CIK 0000316011)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"LILLY ENDOWMENT INC  (CIK 0000316011)","filingDate":"2024-05-29","adsh":"0001415889-24-014752","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000601_VLTO_20240529","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VLTO 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $VLTO 5 days after a corporate insider (Bystrom Mattias  (CIK 0001991684)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLTO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VLTO","filer":"Bystrom Mattias  (CIK 0001991684)","filingDate":"2024-05-24","adsh":"0001967680-24-000071","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_PH_20230118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $PH 1 day before a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0001539497-23-000041"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_ANET_20240821","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ANET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $ANET 1 day before a corporate insider (CHEW LEWIS  (CIK 0001224994)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANET","filer":"CHEW LEWIS  (CIK 0001224994)","filingDate":"2024-08-22","adsh":"0001596532-24-000302"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_NVDA_20240529","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)","filingDate":"2024-05-30","adsh":"0001045810-24-000130"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_NVDA_20230530","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (Drell Persis  (CIK 0001636665)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Drell Persis  (CIK 0001636665)","filingDate":"2023-05-31","adsh":"0001045810-23-000101"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_CRWD_20241015","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CRWD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $CRWD 1 day before a corporate insider (Henry Shawn  (CIK 0001808553)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWD","filer":"Henry Shawn  (CIK 0001808553)","filingDate":"2024-10-16","adsh":"0001415889-24-025236"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_LLY_20230202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LLY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $LLY 1 day before a corporate insider (Jonsson Patrik  (CIK 0001786054)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Jonsson Patrik  (CIK 0001786054)","filingDate":"2023-02-03","adsh":"0000059478-23-000033"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_LLY_20230118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LLY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $LLY 1 day before a corporate insider (Sulzberger Gabrielle  (CIK 0001262388)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Sulzberger Gabrielle  (CIK 0001262388)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0000059478-23-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_COST_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COST 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $COST 1 day before a corporate insider (Castle Jeremy  (CIK 0001992507)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"Castle Jeremy  (CIK 0001992507)","filingDate":"2025-03-28","adsh":"0001079973-25-000519"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_URI_20230118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $URI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $URI 1 day before a corporate insider (Clinton Uri  (CIK 0001443809)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"Clinton Uri  (CIK 0001443809)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0001062993-23-001121"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_XOM_20240506","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $XOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $XOM 1 day before a corporate insider (Dreyfus Maria S.  (CIK 0001751484)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Dreyfus Maria S.  (CIK 0001751484)","filingDate":"2024-05-07","adsh":"0001127602-24-014374"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_UBER_20240515","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UBER 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $UBER 2 days before a corporate insider (KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)","filingDate":"2024-05-17","adsh":"0001562180-24-004175"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_LIN_20230118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LIN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $LIN 2 days before a corporate insider (Lin Ko-Yen  (CIK 0001711531)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"Lin Ko-Yen  (CIK 0001711531)","filingDate":"2023-01-20","adsh":"0001437749-23-001507"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_CRWD_20231218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRWD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $CRWD 3 days before a corporate insider (OLEARY DENIS  (CIK 0001253512)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWD","filer":"OLEARY DENIS  (CIK 0001253512)","filingDate":"2023-12-21","adsh":"0001415889-23-016853"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_V_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $V 4 days before a corporate insider (FIG LLC  (CIK 0001245521)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"FIG LLC  (CIK 0001245521)","filingDate":"2025-03-31","adsh":"0001062993-25-006596"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_SPG_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SPG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $SPG 4 days before a corporate insider (Snow Ian K  (CIK 0001327044)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"Snow Ian K  (CIK 0001327044)","filingDate":"2025-03-31","adsh":"0001140361-25-011426"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_COR_20240529","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COR 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $COR 5 days before a corporate insider (Clark Gina  (CIK 0001625811)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COR","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COR","filer":"Clark Gina  (CIK 0001625811)","filingDate":"2024-06-03","adsh":"0001140859-24-000097"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_GOOGL_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $GOOGL 5 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-04-01","adsh":"0000950170-25-048755"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_UBER_20230623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $UBER 5 days before a corporate insider (KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"KHOSROWSHAHI DARA  (CIK 0001184237)","filingDate":"2023-06-28","adsh":"0001562180-23-005529"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_ADBE_20240814","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $ADBE 5 days before a corporate insider (Durn Daniel  (CIK 0001610062)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Durn Daniel  (CIK 0001610062)","filingDate":"2024-08-19","adsh":"0000796343-24-000198"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_CRWD_20250226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRWD 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $CRWD 5 days before a corporate insider (Sentonas Michael  (CIK 0001968270)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWD","filer":"Sentonas Michael  (CIK 0001968270)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0001415889-25-006268"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_AAPL_20240529","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $AAPL 5 days before a corporate insider (LEVINSON ARTHUR D  (CIK 0001214128)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"LEVINSON ARTHUR D  (CIK 0001214128)","filingDate":"2024-06-03","adsh":"0000320193-24-000075"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_BMY_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BMY 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $BMY 5 days before a corporate insider (McMullen Michael R.  (CIK 0001418949)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BMY","filer":"McMullen Michael R.  (CIK 0001418949)","filingDate":"2025-04-01","adsh":"0000014272-25-000079"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_DIS_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $DIS 6 days before a corporate insider (Darroch Jeremy  (CIK 0001871286)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Darroch Jeremy  (CIK 0001871286)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001744489-25-000085"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_MSFT_20230530","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman buy $MSFT 6 days before a corporate insider (List Teri  (CIK 0001529370)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"List Teri  (CIK 0001529370)","filingDate":"2023-06-05","adsh":"0001062993-23-012986"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_BLK_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BLK 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Landsman sell $BLK 6 days before a corporate insider (Johnson Margaret L  (CIK 0001320483)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Johnson Margaret L  (CIK 0001320483)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-25-011224"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000601_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+13 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Greg Landsman accumulated 38 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 13 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":13,"totalRaw":38}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P45_L000601","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"12% of stock trades (20 of 161) in major federal contractors — top: BLK ($17B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Greg Landsman concentrated 12% of their stock-trading activity (20 of 161 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $119B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BLK","totalContracts":16614570957.05,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":6},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"COST","totalContracts":50204183515.10999,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":5},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LIN","totalContracts":28595464870.309998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":3},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NEE","totalContracts":13945196501.249996,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":3},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"HON","totalContracts":9270708946.880001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":20,"totalStockTrades":161,"concentrationPct":12,"distinctContractors":6,"topExposure":118630124790.59999}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P47_L000601_Taft_Stettinius_Hollister_119017","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Taft Stettinius & Hollister testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2026-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Ready for Reuse: Legislative Proposals to Unleash the Potential of America’s Brownfields Sites\". The witness Mr. Gerald Pouncey (Taft Stettinius & Hollister) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"119017","title":"Ready for Reuse: Legislative Proposals to Unleash the Potential of America’s Brownfields Sites","date":"2026-03-04T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Gerald Pouncey","witnessOrg":"Taft Stettinius & Hollister","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119017"},{"source":"donor","name":"TAFT STETTINIUS & HOLLISTER LLP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TAFT%20STETTINIUS%20%26%20HOLLISTER%20LLP%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119017","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TAFT%20STETTINIUS%20%26%20HOLLISTER%20LLP%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_117982","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NVDA 8 days before a Technology hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2025-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fixing Biden’s Broadband Blunder\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $NVDA (a Technology-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"117982","title":"Fixing Biden’s Broadband Blunder","date":"2025-03-05T19:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117982"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-26"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117982","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_118079","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BMY 6 days before a Pharma hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2025-04-01 held a hearing titled \"Examining the FDA’s Regulation of Over-the-Counter Monograph Drugs\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $BMY (a Pharma-sector stock) 6 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118079","title":"Examining the FDA’s Regulation of Over-the-Counter Monograph Drugs","date":"2025-04-01T14:15:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118079"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118079","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_118077","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 6 days before a Technology hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-04-01 held a hearing titled \"Aging Technology, Emerging Threats: Examining Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in Legacy Medical Devices\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118077","title":"Aging Technology, Emerging Threats: Examining Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in Legacy Medical Devices","date":"2025-04-01T14:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118077"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118077","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_115984","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADBE 5 days after a Technology hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"05.17.23 Subcommittee on Communications and Technology Markup\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $ADBE (a Technology-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115984","title":"05.17.23 Subcommittee on Communications and Technology Markup","date":"2023-05-17T17:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115984"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115984","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_117292","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LLY 11 days after a Pharma hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2024-05-22 held a hearing titled \"Check Up: Examining FDA Regulation of Drugs, Biologics, and Devices\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $LLY (a Pharma-sector stock) 11 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"117292","title":"Check Up: Examining FDA Regulation of Drugs, Biologics, and Devices","date":"2024-05-22T14:30:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117292"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117292","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_115750","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 4 days after a Technology hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"Breaking Barriers: Streamlining Permitting to Expedite Broadband Deployment\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $CRM (a Technology-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115750","title":"Breaking Barriers: Streamlining Permitting to Expedite Broadband Deployment","date":"2023-04-19T14:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115750"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115750","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_117390","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LLY 2 days before a Pharma hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2024-06-04 held a hearing titled \"“Oversight of 340B Drug Pricing Program”\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $LLY (a Pharma-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"117390","title":"“Oversight of 340B Drug Pricing Program”","date":"2024-06-04T14:30:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117390"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117390","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_116602","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 13 days after a Technology hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of President Biden's Broadband Takeover\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $GOOGL (a Technology-sector stock) 13 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"116602","title":"Oversight of President Biden's Broadband Takeover","date":"2023-11-30T15:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116602"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116602","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_116487","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ISRG 8 days before a Healthcare hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-10-19 held a hearing titled \"What's the Prognosis?: Examining Medicare Proposals to Improve Patient Access to Care & Minimize Red Tape for Doctors\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member sell $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116487","title":"What's the Prognosis?: Examining Medicare Proposals to Improve Patient Access to Care & Minimize Red Tape for Doctors","date":"2023-10-19T14:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116487"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116487","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_115801","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ISRG 7 days after a Healthcare hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"Lowering Unaffordable Costs: Legislative Solutions to Increase Transparency and Competition in Health Care\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member buy $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 7 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"115801","title":"Lowering Unaffordable Costs: Legislative Solutions to Increase Transparency and Competition in Health Care","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115801"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115801","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_115904","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LLY 1 day before a Pharma hearing in House Energy and Commerce","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce, which on 2023-05-11 held a hearing titled \"Examining the Root Causes of Drug Shortages: Challenges in\r\nPharmaceutical Drug Supply Chains\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member buy $LLY (a Pharma-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce","eventId":"115904","title":"Examining the Root Causes of Drug Shortages: Challenges in\r\nPharmaceutical Drug Supply Chains","date":"2023-05-11T14:30:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115904"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115904","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_115903","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ADBE 12 days after a Technology hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Closing the Digital Divide: Overseeing Federal Funds for Broadband Deployment\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $ADBE (a Technology-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115903","title":"Closing the Digital Divide: Overseeing Federal Funds for Broadband Deployment","date":"2023-05-10T14:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115903"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115903","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_L000601_115519","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 3 days after a Technology hearing in House Energy and Commerce","explanation":"Greg Landsman sits on House Energy and Commerce, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"TikTok: How Congress Can Safeguard American Data Privacy and Protect Children from Online Harms\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $NVDA (a Technology-sector stock) 3 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce","eventId":"115519","title":"TikTok: How Congress Can Safeguard American Data Privacy and Protect Children from Online Harms","date":"2023-03-23T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115519"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115519","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000601_2024-07-09_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ISRG 8 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Greg Landsman delivered a 231-word floor speech on 2024-07-09 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank Representative TAKANO for hosting tonight and for his leadership on the PACT Act, which has helped so many veterans. Our veterans and servicemembers have sacrificed so much on beh…\"). The member sell $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-07-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":231,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank Representative TAKANO for hosting tonight and for his leadership on the PACT Act, which has helped so many veterans. Our veterans and servicemembers have sacrificed so much on beh","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/07/09/170/113/CREC-2024-07-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/07/09/170/113/CREC-2024-07-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000601_2024-06-13_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ISRG 7 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Greg Landsman delivered a 183-word floor speech on 2024-06-13 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to recognize Children’s Week celebrated by First Focus on Children, a bipartisan group dedicated to serving children here in the United States and abroad. Every decision that…\"). The member buy $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 7 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-06-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":183,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to recognize Children’s Week celebrated by First Focus on Children, a bipartisan group dedicated to serving children here in the United States and abroad. Every decision that","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/06/13/170/100/CREC-2024-06-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/06/13/170/100/CREC-2024-06-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000601_2023-06-20_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ISRG 21 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Greg Landsman delivered a 178-word floor speech on 2023-06-20 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of my amendment to the CHOICE Arrangement Act because we have to do way more to cut healthcare costs for our families. I have offered an amendment to cap the cost…\"). The member buy $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-06-20","chamber":"House","wordCount":178,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of my amendment to the CHOICE Arrangement Act because we have to do way more to cut healthcare costs for our families. I have offered an amendment to cap the cost ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/06/20/169/107/CREC-2023-06-20-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/06/20/169/107/CREC-2023-06-20-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000601_2023-05-31_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ISRG 1 day before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Greg Landsman delivered a 175-word floor speech on 2023-05-31 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to encourage my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to support to- night’s vote, a vote on the Bipartisan Budget Act. There are three aspects of this bill, a bill that will…\"). The member buy $ISRG (a Healthcare-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-05-31","chamber":"House","wordCount":175,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to encourage my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to support to- night’s vote, a vote on the Bipartisan Budget Act. There are three aspects of this bill, a bill that will","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/05/31/169/93/CREC-2023-05-31-i93-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/05/31/169/93/CREC-2023-05-31-i93-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000601_2023-04-19_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LLY 22 days after a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Greg Landsman delivered a 170-word floor speech on 2023-04-19 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to talk about freedom in the con- text of the Supreme Court’s decision to extend their decisionmaking time- frame as to whether or not this coun- try is going to ban a pill t…\"). The member buy $LLY (a Pharma-sector stock) 22 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-04-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":170,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to talk about freedom in the con- text of the Supreme Court’s decision to extend their decisionmaking time- frame as to whether or not this coun- try is going to ban a pill t","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/04/19/169/65/CREC-2023-04-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/04/19/169/65/CREC-2023-04-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_L000601","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $138,300","explanation":"Greg Landsman received campaign contributions totaling $138,300 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($18,300); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000); MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI) ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":138300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":18300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INT'L UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_L000601_2025-03-25","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"38 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-03-25 — 35 unique tickers","explanation":"Greg Landsman executed 38 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-03-25 to 2025-03-27), spanning 35 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-03-25","windowEnd":"2025-03-27","tradeCount":38,"uniqueTickers":35,"totalDisclosedTrades":161,"sampleTickers":["TEL","BLK","MSFT","CRM","SPG","DIS","URI","DG","AMP","PH"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000601","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 26 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 151 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Greg Landsman appears in 26 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 151 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 26 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: sap position against trade (31); insider front ran trade (26); trade near vote (22); insider followed trade (16); hearing proximity trade (13).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":26,"totalFindings":151,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","count":31},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":22},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":16},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":13},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":9},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":2},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P5_LOBBY_SPIKE_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000601","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_L000601","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Landsman's campaign paid $10,688 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: LANDSMAN LAW GROUP ($10,688)","explanation":"Greg Landsman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $10,688 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: LANDSMAN LAW GROUP ($10,688 across 1 payments, services: LEGAL SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":10688,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"LANDSMAN LAW GROUP","total":10688,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]}],"surname":"landsman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OH01194&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P140_L000601","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greg Landsman disclosed 1 large-bracket trade (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL KR $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Greg Landsman has filed 1 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL KR $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-05-09.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":1,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":250001,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","date":"2025-05-09","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_L000601","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Landsman executed 10 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL URI (6d apart)","explanation":"Greg Landsman has 10 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL URI 2023-01-12 → 2023-01-18 (6d) · BUY→SELL URI 2024-06-03 → 2024-06-20 (17d) · BUY→SELL AMP 2025-02-26 → 2025-03-27 (29d) · BUY→SELL CRWD 2025-02-26 → 2025-03-27 (29d) · BUY→SELL AMZN 2025-02-20 → 2025-02-26 (6d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":10,"samples":[{"ticker":"URI","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-01-12","date2":"2023-01-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"URI","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-06-03","date2":"2024-06-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AMP","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-02-26","date2":"2025-03-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CRWD","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-02-26","date2":"2025-03-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-02-20","date2":"2025-02-26","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UBER","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-05-25","date2":"2023-06-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LLY","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-01-18","date2":"2023-02-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"FANG","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-10-18","date2":"2023-11-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_L000601","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greg Landsman's PAC funding concentrates 46% in Labor ($0.07M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Greg Landsman's PAC donors concentrate 46% in the Labor industry — $0.07M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.07M · Technology $0.04M · Agriculture $0.01M · Legal $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":46.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.07,"Technology":0.04,"Agriculture":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH01194/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_L000601","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Landsman triggers 59 HIGH-severity findings across 31 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Greg Landsman accumulates 59 HIGH-severity findings across 31 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":59,"distinctDetectorTypes":31}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_L000601","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Landsman triggers 32 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Greg Landsman accumulates findings across 32 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 32 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":32,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P2","P4","P5","P7","P9","P14","P15","P17","P18","P19","P20","P32","P33","P36","P40","P41","P37","P42","P43","P45","P47","P48","P49","P61","P65","P78","P90","P140","P141"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_L000601_2025-03-27","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Landsman — 37 trades on 2025-03-27","explanation":"Greg Landsman disclosed 37 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-03-27). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-03-27","count":37}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_L000601","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greg Landsman — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (160/161)","explanation":"Greg Landsman's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":161,"atBracket":160,"pct":"99.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_L000601","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Landsman — 55 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Greg Landsman has traded 55 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":55,"sample":["KR","BLK","MSFT","CRM","SPG","DIS","URI","DG","AMP","PH"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_L000601_NVDA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Landsman — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker NVDA","explanation":"Greg Landsman traded NVDA on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NVDA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NVDA","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_L000601","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Landsman — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Greg Landsman has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["CRWD","UBER"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"W000821":[{"id":"P1_W000821_cclluv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 0d BEFORE HR 5473 — \"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5473 \"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of 2018\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-04-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5473","title":"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of 2018","introducedDate":"2025-04-21","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205473"]},{"id":"P1_W000821_dc1a67","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 5473 — \"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5473 \"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of 2018\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-04-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5473","title":"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of 2018","introducedDate":"2025-04-21","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205473"]},{"id":"P1_W000821_qzojdc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 5473 — \"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 5473 \"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of 2018\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-04-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5473","title":"Better Pain Management Through Better Data Act of 2018","introducedDate":"2025-04-21","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205473"]},{"id":"P1_W000821_j2phnj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMZN 12d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 12 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-03-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_W000821_jd5eh0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NVDA 12d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 12 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-03-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_W000821_mofsd7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 12d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 12 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-03-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_W000821_y3qdyr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 12d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 12 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-03-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_W000821_czhsfp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY GOOGL 12d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 12 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-03-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_2qr3ed","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"WESTERMAN VICTORY FUND gave $240,337 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $240,337 from WESTERMAN VICTORY FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WESTERMAN VICTORY FUND","total":240337.46,"count":9,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_ee9jbw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLO gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_hpcjxh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUT gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_g4l1mj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MURPHY OIL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION  gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MURPHY OIL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MURPHY OIL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_btof15","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_daa05k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION'S TIAPAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION'S TIAPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_shk0av","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CISCOMANI FOR CONGRESS gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CISCOMANI FOR CONGRESS, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CISCOMANI FOR CONGRESS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_8byd2i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FEDEX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from FEDEX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FEDEX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_rj0dyj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION PAC (DEC PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION PAC (DEC PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION PAC (DEC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_e8oqdb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CLEAN POWER ASSOCIATION CLEANPO gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN CLEAN POWER ASSOCIATION CLEANPOWER PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CLEAN POWER ASSOCIATION CLEANPOWER PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_o6r6rj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_guymmh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PHILLIPS 66 PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PHILLIPS 66 PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PHILLIPS 66 PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_rk4ejd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTI gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_exs48u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PIONEER NATURAL RESOURCES USA, INC. FEDE gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PIONEER NATURAL RESOURCES USA, INC. FEDERAL PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PIONEER NATURAL RESOURCES USA, INC. FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_ea5lw6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_5wzcve","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EQUITRANS MIDSTREAM CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EQUITRANS MIDSTREAM CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EQUITRANS MIDSTREAM CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P2_W000821_93hj1i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Westerman","http://westerman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000821"]},{"id":"P6_W000821_x910xk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$882,575 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","explanation":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE spent $882,575 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00042366","name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","support":882575.4299999999,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00042366/"]},{"id":"P7_W000821_py1k1a","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,229,732 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,229,732 opposing this member across 492 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7229731.840000002,"totalSupport":1190259.5199999989,"events":492,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":7157328.660000001},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":72403.18}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000821_5sxhpi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,550 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $79,550 across 77 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,895.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548180","date":"2018-03-31","amount":79550,"count":77,"baseline":6895,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548180/"]},{"id":"P15_W000821_85p0xe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,650 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 14.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $51,650 across 47 contributions — 14.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,624.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548180","date":"2013-09-30","amount":51650,"count":47,"baseline":3624,"ratio":14.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548180/"]},{"id":"P17_W000821_AVGO_2025-04-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-17 and 2025-04-23, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-04-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-17 to 2025-04-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000821_EMR_2025-02-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-25 and 2025-03-03, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2025-02-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"}],"span":"2025-02-25 to 2025-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000821_TMO_2025-04-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-21 and 2025-04-28, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000595","name":"Julia Letlow"}],"span":"2025-04-21 to 2025-04-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000821_UNP_2025-04-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UNP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-15 and 2025-04-21, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UNP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-04-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UNP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"}],"span":"2025-04-15 to 2025-04-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000821_CAT_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000821_CAT_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2025-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"W000821","name":"Bruce Westerman"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000821_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bruce Westerman executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":10,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":10,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-04-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-3,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000821_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"39 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bruce Westerman executed 39 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ASML","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Designation of Papahānaumokuākea National Marine Sanctuary","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Designation of Papahānaumokuākea National Marine Sanctuary","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000821_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bruce Westerman executed 17 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DB","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting Requirement Revision and Deadline Extension","agency":"Treasury Department, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network","date":"2025-03-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting Requirement Revision and Deadline Extension","agency":"Treasury Department, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network","date":"2025-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000821_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bruce Westerman executed 8 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Buprenorphine Treatment via Telemedicine Encounter and Continuity of Care via Telemedicine for Veterans Aff","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Buprenorphine Treatment via Telemedicine Encounter and Continuity of Care via Telemedicine for Veterans Aff","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000821_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bruce Westerman executed 8 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SU","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Sandusky Bay, Sandusky, OH","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Sandusky Bay, Sandusky, OH","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000821_3sf3u3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bruce Westerman campaign paid $138,506 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: CRATE & BARREL","explanation":"Bruce Westerman's campaign paid 38 disbursements totaling $138,506 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE & BARREL","total":46102.03999999999,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":24774.36,"date":"2023-02-13","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":4279.22,"date":"2025-03-11","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":4160.53,"date":"2017-10-04","description":"HQ ACCOUNT-FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE, BRAD","total":35500,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":7500,"date":"2007-03-23","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":5000,"date":"2007-02-14","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":3000,"date":"2008-09-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE, DARRELL","total":14639.6,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE, DARRELL","amount":4239.6,"date":"2005-06-13","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: SEE BELOW TRAVEL/PARKING/","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CRATE, DARRELL","amount":3300,"date":"2024-08-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CRATE, DARRELL","amount":2700,"date":"2018-09-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE AND BARREL","total":11300.400000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE AND BARREL","amount":3360.62,"date":"2018-12-20","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CRATE AND BARREL","amount":3224.8,"date":"2021-04-09","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRATE AND BARREL","amount":2815.71,"date":"2019-01-23","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE FOR BRICK MAYOR 2025","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE FOR BRICK MAYOR 2025","amount":5000,"date":"2025-04-17","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE, AMY MRS.","total":3300,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE, AMY MRS.","amount":3300,"date":"2024-08-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CRATE%20%26%20BARREL"]},{"id":"P20_W000821_w9jiw9","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2558117.42,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-04-21","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_W000821_Energy","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"51% of PAC dollars ($315,337) come from Energy industry","explanation":"Bruce Westerman receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Energy issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Energy","amount":315337.45999999996,"share":51,"totalPAC":618020.83,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":315337.45999999996,"share":51},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":100000,"share":16.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":59483.369999999995,"share":9.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":45000,"share":7.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_W000821_p1puvw","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 2 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Bruce Westerman's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"CENTER FOR SPORTFISHING POLICY PAC AKA CENTER PAC","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Moroccan-American Center for Policy, Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CENTER FOR SPORTFISHING POLICY PAC AKA CENTER PAC","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Center for International Policy","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P33_W000821","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sits on committees regulating Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Technology, Energy, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":39},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":8},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000821","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing; 2 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology + 1 more)","explanation":"Bruce Westerman has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 2 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":45,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_W000821_CVX_20250401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in CVX 29 days before FTC action","explanation":"Bruce Westerman traded CVX within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-04-01","title":"FTC Seeks Public Comment on Petition to Modify Chevron-Hess Final Order","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-seeks-public-comment-petition-modify-chevron-hess-final-order"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-seeks-public-comment-petition-modify-chevron-hess-final-order"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_GOOGL_20250320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $GOOGL 1 day after a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-03-19","adsh":"0000950170-25-041829","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_ORCL_20250421","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ORCL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $ORCL 3 days after a corporate insider (HENLEY JEFFREY  (CIK 0001206100)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"HENLEY JEFFREY  (CIK 0001206100)","filingDate":"2025-04-18","adsh":"0001127602-25-012377","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_HD_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $HD 3 days after a corporate insider (Deaton John A.  (CIK 0001892944)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Deaton John A.  (CIK 0001892944)","filingDate":"2025-02-28","adsh":"0000354950-25-000046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_CCI_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CCI 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $CCI 3 days after a corporate insider (Jones Tammy  (CIK 0001669769)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCI","filer":"Jones Tammy  (CIK 0001669769)","filingDate":"2025-02-28","adsh":"0001051470-25-000047","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_PFE_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PFE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $PFE 3 days after a corporate insider (McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)","filingDate":"2025-02-28","adsh":"0001225208-25-002613","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_DE_20250421","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $DE 3 days after a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2025-04-18","adsh":"0001140361-25-014571","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_NOW_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NOW 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $NOW 4 days after a corporate insider (PAPPAS BILL  (CIK 0001787586)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"PAPPAS BILL  (CIK 0001787586)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001099219-25-000058","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_ABT_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $ABT 4 days after a corporate insider (Boudreau Philip P  (CIK 0001805099)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Boudreau Philip P  (CIK 0001805099)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001415889-25-005885","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_CCI_20250421","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CCI 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $CCI 4 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCI","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2025-04-17","adsh":"0001539497-25-001164","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_ISRG_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ISRG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $ISRG 4 days after a corporate insider (Brosius Mark  (CIK 0002010300)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ISRG","filer":"Brosius Mark  (CIK 0002010300)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001035267-25-000056","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_BP_20250421","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $BP 4 days after a corporate insider (Lutzker Joshua Adam  (CIK 0001886815)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BP","filer":"Lutzker Joshua Adam  (CIK 0001886815)","filingDate":"2025-04-17","adsh":"0000950170-25-055588","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_AAPL_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AAPL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $AAPL 4 days after a corporate insider (Gorsky Alex  (CIK 0001453149)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Gorsky Alex  (CIK 0001453149)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0000320193-25-000031","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_PFE_20250421","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PFE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $PFE 4 days after a corporate insider (BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)","filingDate":"2025-04-17","adsh":"0001225208-25-004260","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_CVX_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CVX 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $CVX 4 days after a corporate insider (Moyo Dambisa F  (CIK 0001656418)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"Moyo Dambisa F  (CIK 0001656418)","filingDate":"2025-02-27","adsh":"0001127602-25-007119","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_C_20250421","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $C 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $C 4 days after a corporate insider (Rubenstein Sarah  (CIK 0001829270)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"Rubenstein Sarah  (CIK 0001829270)","filingDate":"2025-04-17","adsh":"0001415889-25-010917","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_GOOGL_20250303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $GOOGL 5 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-02-26","adsh":"0000950170-25-028131","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000821_BA_20250408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $BA 5 days after a corporate insider (Pope Stephanie F  (CIK 0001920795)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Pope Stephanie F  (CIK 0001920795)","filingDate":"2025-04-03","adsh":"0001225208-25-004029","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_MDT_20250304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MDT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $MDT 1 day before a corporate insider (Marinaro Michael  (CIK 0001984186)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Marinaro Michael  (CIK 0001984186)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001613103-25-000030"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_BSX_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BSX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $BSX 1 day before a corporate insider (Brown Vance R  (CIK 0001868243)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Brown Vance R  (CIK 0001868243)","filingDate":"2025-04-22","adsh":"0001225208-25-004327"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_PG_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $PG 1 day before a corporate insider (Singh Sumeet  (CIK 0001838817)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Singh Sumeet  (CIK 0001838817)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001004980-25-000041"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_ABT_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $ABT 1 day before a corporate insider (Shroff Eric  (CIK 0002058129)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Shroff Eric  (CIK 0002058129)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001415889-25-006794"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_TMO_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TMO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $TMO 1 day before a corporate insider (Lowery Frederick M.  (CIK 0001777440)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"Lowery Frederick M.  (CIK 0001777440)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001127602-25-007931"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_WMT_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $WMT 1 day before a corporate insider (STEPHENSON RANDALL L  (CIK 0001183428)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"STEPHENSON RANDALL L  (CIK 0001183428)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001127602-25-007897"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_CMI_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CMI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $CMI 1 day before a corporate insider (Barner Sharon R  (CIK 0001541520)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMI","filer":"Barner Sharon R  (CIK 0001541520)","filingDate":"2025-03-04","adsh":"0001225208-25-002854"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_V_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $V 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $V 2 days before a corporate insider (Griffith William J.G.  (CIK 0001688124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Griffith William J.G.  (CIK 0001688124)","filingDate":"2025-04-23","adsh":"0000950170-25-057455"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_ORCL_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ORCL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $ORCL 2 days before a corporate insider (CONRADES GEORGE H  (CIK 0001106231)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"CONRADES GEORGE H  (CIK 0001106231)","filingDate":"2025-04-23","adsh":"0001127602-25-012498"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_AMZN_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $AMZN 2 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_ADBE_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $ADBE 2 days before a corporate insider (Biggs M. Brett  (CIK 0001662848)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Biggs M. Brett  (CIK 0001662848)","filingDate":"2025-04-23","adsh":"0001628280-25-019447"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_AVGO_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AVGO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $AVGO 2 days before a corporate insider (HARTENSTEIN EDDY W  (CIK 0001142524)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"HARTENSTEIN EDDY W  (CIK 0001142524)","filingDate":"2025-04-23","adsh":"0001730168-25-000043"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_CVX_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CVX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $CVX 2 days before a corporate insider (MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)","filingDate":"2025-03-05","adsh":"0001127602-25-008376"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_NOW_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NOW 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $NOW 3 days before a corporate insider (Donnally James O  (CIK 0002032141)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"Donnally James O  (CIK 0002032141)","filingDate":"2025-04-24","adsh":"0001140361-25-015429"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_BAC_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BAC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $BAC 3 days before a corporate insider (ALMEIDA JOSE E  (CIK 0001216761)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"ALMEIDA JOSE E  (CIK 0001216761)","filingDate":"2025-04-24","adsh":"0001127602-25-012590"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_PFE_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PFE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $PFE 3 days before a corporate insider (McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)","filingDate":"2025-03-06","adsh":"0001225208-25-003070"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_RIO_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RIO 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $RIO 3 days before a corporate insider (Stark Ronald B  (CIK 0001329875)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RIO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RIO","filer":"Stark Ronald B  (CIK 0001329875)","filingDate":"2025-03-06","adsh":"0000950103-25-003125"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_DE_20250408","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $DE 3 days before a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2025-04-11","adsh":"0001140361-25-013478"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_GOOGL_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $GOOGL 4 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-03-07","adsh":"0000950170-25-035540"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_ISRG_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ISRG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $ISRG 4 days before a corporate insider (Johnson Amal M  (CIK 0001388397)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ISRG","filer":"Johnson Amal M  (CIK 0001388397)","filingDate":"2025-04-25","adsh":"0001035267-25-000125"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_ISRG_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ISRG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $ISRG 4 days before a corporate insider (Brosius Mark  (CIK 0002010300)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ISRG","filer":"Brosius Mark  (CIK 0002010300)","filingDate":"2025-03-07","adsh":"0001035267-25-000084"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_AAPL_20250421","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $AAPL 4 days before a corporate insider (Parekh Kevan  (CIK 0002050912)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Parekh Kevan  (CIK 0002050912)","filingDate":"2025-04-25","adsh":"0000320193-25-000051"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_WMT_20250320","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $WMT 4 days before a corporate insider (Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)","filingDate":"2025-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-25-010308"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_DE_20250303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman buy $DE 4 days before a corporate insider (SOFTBANK GROUP CORP.  (CIK 0001065521)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"SOFTBANK GROUP CORP.  (CIK 0001065521)","filingDate":"2025-03-07","adsh":"0001493152-25-009612"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_GOOGL_20250320","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bruce Westerman sell $GOOGL 6 days before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-03-26","adsh":"0000950170-25-045574"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000821_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+14 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Bruce Westerman accumulated 39 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 14 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":14,"totalRaw":39}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-05-13_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $RTX 22 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 214-word floor speech on 2025-05-13 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1682) to amend the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act to provide for lifetime National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Passe…\"). The member sell $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 22 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":214,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1682) to amend the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act to provide for lifetime National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Passe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/13/171/80/CREC-2025-05-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/13/171/80/CREC-2025-05-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-05-13_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WMT 22 days before a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 1152-word floor speech on 2025-05-13 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1829) to require the Secretary of Agriculture to convey certain lands within the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, and for other purpo…\"). The member sell $WMT (a Staples-sector stock) 22 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":1152,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1829) to require the Secretary of Agriculture to convey certain lands within the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, and for other purpo","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/13/171/80/CREC-2025-05-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/13/171/80/CREC-2025-05-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-05-13_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DE 22 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 244-word floor speech on 2025-05-13 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 249) to redesignate certain fa- cilities at Paterson Great Falls Na- tional Historical Park in honor of Con- gressman Bill Pascrell, Jr…\"). The member sell $DE (a Industrials-sector stock) 22 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":244,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 249) to redesignate certain fa- cilities at Paterson Great Falls Na- tional Historical Park in honor of Con- gressman Bill Pascrell, Jr","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/13/171/80/CREC-2025-05-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/13/171/80/CREC-2025-05-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-05-08_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $XOM 17 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 208-word floor speech on 2025-05-08 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. I left out one of the other amend- ments my colleagues across the aisle filed. They wanted to rename the Gulf the gulf of ignorance. Now, I do…\"). The member sell $XOM (a Energy-sector stock) 17 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":208,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. I left out one of the other amend- ments my colleagues across the aisle filed. They wanted to rename the Gulf the gulf of ignorance. Now, I do","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/08/171/77/CREC-2025-05-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/08/171/77/CREC-2025-05-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-05-01_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 10 days before a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 386-word floor speech on 2025-05-01 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from California (Mr. LA MALFA ) for all of his efforts on this. He is a farmer. He knows about agriculture.…\"). The member sell $WMT (a Staples-sector stock) 10 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-05-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":386,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from California (Mr. LA MALFA ) for all of his efforts on this. He is a farmer. He knows about agriculture.","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/01/171/73/CREC-2025-05-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/05/01/171/73/CREC-2025-05-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-04-29_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DE 8 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 738-word floor speech on 2025-04-29 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.J. Res. 60, led by Representative MALOY. This is an important effort that will overturn an onerous and unn…\"). The member sell $DE (a Industrials-sector stock) 8 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-04-29","chamber":"House","wordCount":738,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.J. Res. 60, led by Representative MALOY. This is an important effort that will overturn an onerous and unn","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/04/29/171/71/CREC-2025-04-29-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/04/29/171/71/CREC-2025-04-29-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-04-29_Consumer","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SBUX 8 days before a Consumer floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 243-word floor speech on 2025-04-29 that the classifier tagged Consumer sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I will point out that the idea that passing this Congressional Review Act would restrict all off-road vehicle access is just not…\"). The member sell $SBUX (a Consumer-sector stock) 8 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-04-29","chamber":"House","wordCount":243,"sector":"Consumer","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I will point out that the idea that passing this Congressional Review Act would restrict all off-road vehicle access is just not ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/04/29/171/71/CREC-2025-04-29-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/04/29/171/71/CREC-2025-04-29-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-03-06_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RTX 3 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 254-word floor speech on 2025-03-06 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, pur- suant to House Resolution 177, I call up the joint resolution (S.J. Res. 11) pro- viding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule sub…\"). The member buy $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-03-06","chamber":"House","wordCount":254,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, pur- suant to House Resolution 177, I call up the joint resolution (S.J. Res. 11) pro- viding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule sub","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/03/06/171/43/CREC-2025-03-06-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/03/06/171/43/CREC-2025-03-06-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-03-06_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNP 2 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 346-word floor speech on 2025-03-06 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, our country is at a point where we need more energy and every form of energy when we look at the demands for data processing, whe…\"). The member buy $UNP (a Industrials-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-03-06","chamber":"House","wordCount":346,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, our country is at a point where we need more energy and every form of energy when we look at the demands for data processing, whe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/03/06/171/43/CREC-2025-03-06-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/03/06/171/43/CREC-2025-03-06-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-03-06_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $XOM 3 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 566-word floor speech on 2025-03-06 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time to close. I urge my colleagues to vote in favor of S.J. Res. 11. I thank my colleagues across the aisle for actually making our point on why this reg…\"). The member buy $XOM (a Energy-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-03-06","chamber":"House","wordCount":566,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time to close. I urge my colleagues to vote in favor of S.J. Res. 11. I thank my colleagues across the aisle for actually making our point on why this reg","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/03/06/171/43/CREC-2025-03-06-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/03/06/171/43/CREC-2025-03-06-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-02-25_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 6 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 314-word floor speech on 2025-02-25 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chair, I rise today in support of the fiscal year 2025 budget resolution. My constituents know firsthand how the failed policies of the left resulted…\"). The member buy $COST (a Staples-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-02-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":314,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chair, I rise today in support of the fiscal year 2025 budget resolution. My constituents know firsthand how the failed policies of the left resulted","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/25/171/37/CREC-2025-02-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/25/171/37/CREC-2025-02-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-02-07_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $XOM 24 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 456-word floor speech on 2025-02-07 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 26, the Protecting American Energy Production Act. H.R. 26, introduced by Congressman PFLUGER, wo…\"). The member buy $XOM (a Energy-sector stock) 24 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-02-07","chamber":"House","wordCount":456,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 26, the Protecting American Energy Production Act. H.R. 26, introduced by Congressman PFLUGER, wo","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/07/171/26/CREC-2025-02-07-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/07/171/26/CREC-2025-02-07-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-02-05_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $COST 26 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 330-word floor speech on 2025-02-05 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 836) to require the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, and the Secretary of the Interior to cond…\"). The member buy $COST (a Staples-sector stock) 26 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-02-05","chamber":"House","wordCount":330,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 836) to require the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, and the Secretary of the Interior to cond","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/05/171/24/CREC-2025-02-05-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/05/171/24/CREC-2025-02-05-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000821_2025-02-05_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RTX 26 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Bruce Westerman delivered a 510-word floor speech on 2025-02-05 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. I rise in strong support of Congress- man VALADAO’s bill, the Emergency Wildfire Fighting Technology Act of 2025. This timely legislation offe…\"). The member buy $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 26 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-02-05","chamber":"House","wordCount":510,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. I rise in strong support of Congress- man VALADAO’s bill, the Emergency Wildfire Fighting Technology Act of 2025. This timely legislation offe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/05/171/24/CREC-2025-02-05-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/02/05/171/24/CREC-2025-02-05-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_W000821_CAT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CAT — CATERPILLAR's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Bruce Westerman executed 3 reported trades in $CAT (CATERPILLAR). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CATERPILLAR INC. PAC (CATPAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","parent":"CATERPILLAR","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CATERPILLAR INC. PAC (CATPAC)","parent":"CATERPILLAR","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CATERPILLAR%20INC.%20PAC%20(CATPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CATERPILLAR%20INC.%20PAC%20(CATPAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_W000821_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Bruce Westerman executed 2 reported trades in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_W000821_CVX","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $CVX — CHEVRON's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Bruce Westerman executed 2 reported trades in $CVX (CHEVRON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","parent":"CHEVRON","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-03"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","parent":"CHEVRON","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CHEVRON%20EMPLOYEES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20CHEVRON%20CORPORATION"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CHEVRON%20EMPLOYEES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20CHEVRON%20CORPORATION","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_W000821","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"46 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $339,483.37","explanation":"Bruce Westerman received campaign contributions totaling $339,483.37 from 46 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 44 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FIRST IRAQI BANK ($41,183.37); DALLAS SAFARI CLUB ($10,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($10,000); AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":46,"totalDollars":339483.37,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL BANK","ldaClient":"FIRST IRAQI BANK","donorTotal":41183.369999999995,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SAFARI CLUB INTERNATIONAL PAC (SCI-PAC)","ldaClient":"DALLAS SAFARI CLUB","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS INC.","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_W000821","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $79,550 on 2018-03-31 (11.5× normal)","explanation":"Bruce Westerman's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $79,550 on 2018-03-31 — 11.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":131200,"maxRatio":14.3,"maxAmount":79550},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-03-31","amount":79550,"ratio":11.5,"baselineDaily":6895,"count":77,"cmteId":"C00548180","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00548180&min_date=2018-03-31&max_date=2018-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-09-30","amount":51650,"ratio":14.3,"baselineDaily":3624,"count":47,"cmteId":"C00548180","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00548180&min_date=2013-09-30&max_date=2013-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548180/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00548180&min_date=2018-03-31&max_date=2018-03-31"]},{"id":"P65_W000821_2025-04-21","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"95 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-04-21 — 95 unique tickers","explanation":"Bruce Westerman executed 95 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-04-21 to 2025-04-21), spanning 95 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-04-21","windowEnd":"2025-04-21","tradeCount":95,"uniqueTickers":95,"totalDisclosedTrades":208,"sampleTickers":["CFRUY","WMT","SONY","DE","ADDYY","RTX","CRARY","ITW","META","AAPL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000821","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 21 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 110 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bruce Westerman appears in 21 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 110 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 21 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); committee pac conflict (17); insider followed trade (17); speech advocacy trade (14); trade near vote (8).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":21,"totalFindings":110,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":17},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":8},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000821","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_W000821","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bruce Westerman named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: WESTERMAN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Bruce Westerman appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: WESTERMAN VICTORY FUND (C00706507, $1.2M receipts, treasurer CRATE, BRADLEY T). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.25,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00706507","name":"WESTERMAN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1249753.9,"treasurer":"CRATE, BRADLEY T","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706507/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706507/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00706507/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_W000821","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bruce Westerman draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.4M PAC / $23.4M total)","explanation":"Bruce Westerman's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.4M of $23.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.39,"pacSharePct":44.7,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4AR04048"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AR04048/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_W000821","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bruce Westerman executed 18 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL WMT (17d apart)","explanation":"Bruce Westerman has 18 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL WMT 2025-03-03 → 2025-03-20 (17d) · BUY→SELL SONY 2025-03-24 → 2025-04-21 (28d) · BUY→SELL DE 2025-04-08 → 2025-04-21 (13d) · BUY→SELL ITW 2025-04-08 → 2025-04-21 (13d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2025-03-03 → 2025-03-20 (17d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":18,"samples":[{"ticker":"WMT","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-03","date2":"2025-03-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SONY","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-24","date2":"2025-04-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DE","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-08","date2":"2025-04-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ITW","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-08","date2":"2025-04-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-03","date2":"2025-03-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AVGO","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-03","date2":"2025-03-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ASAZY","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-08","date2":"2025-04-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PG","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-03","date2":"2025-03-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_W000821","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bruce Westerman's PAC funding concentrates 36% in Finance ($0.05M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Bruce Westerman's PAC donors concentrate 36% in the Finance industry — $0.05M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.05M · Agriculture $0.03M · Oil & Gas $0.03M · Energy $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":36.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.05,"Agriculture":0.03,"Oil & Gas":0.03,"Energy":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Technology":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AR04048/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_W000821","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bruce Westerman triggers 28 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bruce Westerman accumulates 28 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":28,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_W000821_2025-04-21","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bruce Westerman — 95 trades on 2025-04-21","explanation":"Bruce Westerman disclosed 95 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-04-21). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-04-21","count":95}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_W000821","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bruce Westerman — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (208/208)","explanation":"Bruce Westerman's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":208,"atBracket":208,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_W000821","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bruce Westerman — 98 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Bruce Westerman has traded 98 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":98,"sample":["CFRUY","WMT","SONY","DE","ADDYY","RTX","CRARY","ITW","META","AAPL"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001244":[{"id":"P1_M001244_1cirif","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY HWM 1d after HR 770 — \"Accountability for Veterans Act\"","explanation":"Member traded HWM (Defense) within 1 days of HR 770 \"Accountability for Veterans Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-04-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 770","title":"Accountability for Veterans Act","introducedDate":"2025-04-03","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20770"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_cqgfd1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ET 1d after HR 2144 — \"No Fuel Credits for Batteries Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 1 days of HR 2144 \"No Fuel Credits for Batteries Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2025-04-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2144","title":"No Fuel Credits for Batteries Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-04-03","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202144"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_t5lwgz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY JPM 0d BEFORE S 530 — \"A bill to require the president of the Federal Res…\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 0 days of S 530 \"A bill to require the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to be ap\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-04-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 530","title":"A bill to require the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to be appointed by the President, by and with th","introducedDate":"2025-04-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20530"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_end5um","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY SMCI 1d BEFORE S 792 — \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SMCI (Technology) within 1 days of S 792 \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMCI","date":"2025-03-25","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 792","title":"Government Spectrum Valuation Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20792"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_f4es8t","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SMCI 2d BEFORE S 792 — \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SMCI (Technology) within 2 days of S 792 \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMCI","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 792","title":"Government Spectrum Valuation Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20792"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_ebjbcj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE HR 7572 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HR 7572 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-03-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7572","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207572"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_rvy9ke","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NVDA 1d BEFORE HR 7572 — \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act…\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 1 days of HR 7572 \"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-03-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7572","title":"SNAP E&T Data And Technical Assistance (DATA) Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207572"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_tv4jt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY LLY 9d after HR 121 — \"No Vaccine Passports Act\"","explanation":"Member traded LLY (Pharma) within 9 days of HR 121 \"No Vaccine Passports Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-03-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 121","title":"No Vaccine Passports Act","introducedDate":"2025-02-25","daysDiff":9}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20121"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_th9x7y","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL HWM 3d BEFORE HRES 16 — \"Recognizing Russian actions in Ukraine as a genoci…\"","explanation":"Member traded HWM (Defense) within 3 days of HRES 16 \"Recognizing Russian actions in Ukraine as a genocide.\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-02-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 16","title":"Recognizing Russian actions in Ukraine as a genocide.","introducedDate":"2025-02-27","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%2016"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_i1a8nd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMD 5d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMD (Technology) within 5 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2025-02-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_wmw4nk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ASML 5d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded ASML (Technology) within 5 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ASML","date":"2025-02-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_r7n3a7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SMCI 5d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded SMCI (Technology) within 5 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMCI","date":"2025-02-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_r7n3a7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SMCI 5d after HR 334 — \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establi…\"","explanation":"Member traded SMCI (Technology) within 5 days of HR 334 \"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural st\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMCI","date":"2025-02-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 334","title":"To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded vo","introducedDate":"2025-02-19","daysDiff":5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20334"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_x32k3a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMAT 3d after HR 1038 — \"Enhancing Administrative Reviews for Broadband Dep…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMAT (Technology) within 3 days of HR 1038 \"Enhancing Administrative Reviews for Broadband Deployment Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2025-01-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1038","title":"Enhancing Administrative Reviews for Broadband Deployment Act","introducedDate":"2025-01-24","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201038"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_vm42cw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY AMAT 1d BEFORE HRES 29 — \"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded AMAT (Technology) within 1 days of HRES 29 \"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.\", sponsored by Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2025-01-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 29","title":"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.","introducedDate":"2025-01-23","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47]","sponsorBioguide":"S000030","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%2029"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_145261","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY MU 1d BEFORE HRES 29 — \"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded MU (Technology) within 1 days of HRES 29 \"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.\", sponsored by Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2025-01-22","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 29","title":"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.","introducedDate":"2025-01-23","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47]","sponsorBioguide":"S000030","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%2029"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_1jvvre","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY HWM 1d BEFORE HRES 66 — \"Supporting the establishment and full funding of a…\" · sponsor D-OH","explanation":"Member traded HWM (Defense) within 1 days of HRES 66 \"Supporting the establishment and full funding of a staff exchange program betwee\", sponsored by Rep. Kaptur, Marcy [D-OH-9].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-01-22","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 66","title":"Supporting the establishment and full funding of a staff exchange program between the House of Representatives and the P","introducedDate":"2025-01-23","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Kaptur, Marcy [D-OH-9]","sponsorBioguide":"K000009","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"OH","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%2066"]},{"id":"P1_M001244_sv1axl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL OKTA 2d BEFORE HRES 29 — \"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded OKTA (Technology) within 2 days of HRES 29 \"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.\", sponsored by Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OKTA","date":"2025-01-21","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 29","title":"Calling for Internet freedom in Vietnam.","introducedDate":"2025-01-23","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Sanchez, Loretta [D-CA-47]","sponsorBioguide":"S000030","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%2029"]},{"id":"P3_M001244_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 78% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 9 Defense bills, this member voted YES 7 times (78%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":9,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":78},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":2,"sells":1,"netBuy":1,"total":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001244_a51pxe","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,062,741 / spent $295,287","explanation":"This member sponsors 1 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00896092","cmteName":"FLORIDA LEADS","year":"2026","totalReceipts":1062741.2,"totalDisbursements":295287.2,"cashOnHand":767453.94}],"totalRaised":1062741.2,"totalSpent":295287.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001244_wk5ikz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -11%)","explanation":"Of $1,215,567 in itemized individual contributions, $902,529 (74%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1215567,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-136994,"$200.01-$499":31848,"$500-$999":70116,"$1000-$1999":348068,"$2000 and over":902529},"megaShare":74.2,"smallDonorShare":-11.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001244_j4xice","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$105,905 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $105,905 across 52 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,459.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00895763","date":"2025-06-30","amount":105905,"count":52,"baseline":8459,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00895763/"]},{"id":"P15_M001244_j4gwpe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,500 donation spike on 2025-11-25 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-25 this committee recorded $60,500 across 37 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,355.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00895763","date":"2025-11-25","amount":60500,"count":37,"baseline":6355,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00895763/"]},{"id":"P15_M001244_j4vldt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,442 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $59,442 across 52 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,331.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00895763","date":"2025-09-30","amount":59442,"count":52,"baseline":6331,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00895763/"]},{"id":"P15_M001244_j4zfay","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,260 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $50,260 across 29 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,194.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00895763","date":"2025-03-31","amount":50260,"count":29,"baseline":5194,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00895763/"]},{"id":"P18_M001244_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ashley Moody executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-7,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-01-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking and Importing Marine Mammals; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to U.S. Navy Repair and Replacement of the Q8 Bulk","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-12-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001244_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ashley Moody executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Canada Limited Partnership (Type Certificate Previously Held by C Series Aircraft Limit","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-03-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001244_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ashley Moody executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-04-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"FDIC Official Signs and Advertising Requirements, False Advertising, Misrepresentation of Insured Status, and Misuse of ","agency":"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2025-03-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001244_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ashley Moody executed 12 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMCI","date":"2025-03-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMCI","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-03-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-03-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Connect America Fund, Alaska Connect Fund, ETC Annual Reports and Certifications, Telecommunications Carriers Eligible T","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Connect America Fund, Alaska Connect Fund, ETC Annual Reports and Certifications, Telecommunications Carriers Eligible T","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001244_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ashley Moody executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-03-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Administrative Simplification: Modifications of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Nati","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-02-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001244_j8k2lj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ashley Moody campaign paid $1,611,476 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: QUICK RESPONSE COMMUNICATIONS, LLC","explanation":"Ashley Moody's campaign paid 47 disbursements totaling $1,611,476 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"QUICK RESPONSE COMMUNICATIONS, LLC","total":650000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"QUICK RESPONSE COMMUNICATIONS, LLC","amount":650000,"date":"2020-11-19","description":"DIGITAL MARKETING","surnameMatched":"quick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOODY, CAMERON","total":256599.66999999998,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON","amount":16600,"date":"2012-09-20","description":"CONSULTING - CONVENTION OPERATIONS","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON","amount":15541.11,"date":"2012-02-01","description":"CONSULTING - CONVENTION OPERATIONS","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON","amount":15000,"date":"2011-07-12","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"QUICK RESPONSE COMMUNICATIONS LLC","total":194721.94999999995,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"QUICK RESPONSE COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":143517.8,"date":"2020-09-15","description":"EXEMPT PARTY ACTIVITY-VOTER REGISTRATION FORM PACKETS","surnameMatched":"quick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"QUICK RESPONSE COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":17068.05,"date":"2020-07-27","description":"PRINTING & DESIGN SERVICES","surnameMatched":"quick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"QUICK RESPONSE COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":17068.05,"date":"2020-07-15","description":"PRINTING & DESIGN SERVICES","surnameMatched":"quick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOODY, CAMERON DENNIS","total":85500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON DENNIS","amount":34200,"date":"2019-10-17","description":"LOGISTICS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON DENNIS","amount":25650,"date":"2020-06-12","description":"LOGISTICS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON DENNIS","amount":25650,"date":"2020-02-24","description":"LOGISTICS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SOUTH LAKE QUICK PRINT","total":81527.58,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SOUTH LAKE QUICK PRINT","amount":46661.83,"date":"2022-05-11","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"quick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SOUTH LAKE QUICK PRINT","amount":34865.75,"date":"2024-04-26","description":"PALM CARDS/TRIFOLDS/PRINTING","surnameMatched":"quick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOODY, CAMERON D","total":70000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON D","amount":15000,"date":"2004-08-19","description":"MOTORPOOL SECURITY","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON D","amount":15000,"date":"2004-11-29","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON D","amount":15000,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"moody","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=QUICK%20RESPONSE%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P29_M001244_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MOODY, Ashley Brooke voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from host"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001244","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 32 total findings","explanation":"Ashley Moody has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":32,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_M001244_NVDA_20250320","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NVDA in 2025-Q1 while NVIDIA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ashley Moody executed a buy in NVDA during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NVIDIA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["NVIDIA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001244_LLY_20250306","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LLY in 2025-Q1 while ELI LILLY AND COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ashley Moody executed a buy in LLY during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, ELI LILLY & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-06","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","ELI LILLY & COMPANY","LILLY USA, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001244_NVDA_20250321","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ashley Moody buy $NVDA 4 days after a corporate insider (BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)","filingDate":"2025-03-17","adsh":"0001045810-25-000056","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001244_HWM_20250224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HWM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ashley Moody sell $HWM 4 days after a corporate insider (Giacobbe Ken  (CIK 0001688603)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HWM","filer":"Giacobbe Ken  (CIK 0001688603)","filingDate":"2025-02-20","adsh":"0001104659-25-015749","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001244_MU_20250122","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MU 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ashley Moody buy $MU 5 days after a corporate insider (ARNZEN APRIL S  (CIK 0001632063)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"ARNZEN APRIL S  (CIK 0001632063)","filingDate":"2025-01-17","adsh":"0001562180-25-000406","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001244_NVDA_20250320","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ashley Moody buy $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)","filingDate":"2025-03-21","adsh":"0001045810-25-000068"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001244_MU_20250122","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MU 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ashley Moody buy $MU 2 days before a corporate insider (RAY MICHAEL CHARLES  (CIK 0001593199)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"RAY MICHAEL CHARLES  (CIK 0001593199)","filingDate":"2025-01-24","adsh":"0001562180-25-000509"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001244_AMD_20250224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMD 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ashley Moody buy $AMD 7 days before a corporate insider (Su Lisa T  (CIK 0001405109)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"Su Lisa T  (CIK 0001405109)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0000002488-25-000030"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_M001244_ADCT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ADCT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Ashley Moody disclosed an asset position in $ADCT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ADCT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ADCT","assetName":"ADCT - Adc Therapeutics Sa","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ADCT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001244_AMAT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $AMAT — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Ashley Moody disclosed an asset position in $AMAT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AMAT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMAT","assetName":"AMAT - Applied Materials","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMAT","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001244_NVDA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $NVDA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Ashley Moody disclosed an asset position in $NVDA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $NVDA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NVDA","assetName":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp Strike price: $105.00 | Put Expires: 3/21/25","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NVDA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001244_AMD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $AMD — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Ashley Moody disclosed an asset position in $AMD on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AMD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMD","assetName":"AMD - Adv Micro Devices","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMD","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001244_ASML","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $ASML — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Ashley Moody disclosed an asset position in $ASML on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ASML per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ASML","assetName":"ASML - ASML Holding N.V. - New York Registry Shares","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ASML","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001244_SMCI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $SMCI — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Ashley Moody disclosed an asset position in $SMCI on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $SMCI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SMCI","assetName":"SMCI - Super Micro Computer","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SMCI","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-25"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_M001244_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 2 Energy stocks (XOM, VLO)","explanation":"Ashley Moody discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM, VLO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","VLO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P62_M001244","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $105,905 on 2025-06-30 (12.5× normal)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $105,905 on 2025-06-30 — 12.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":105905,"maxRatio":12.5,"maxAmount":105905},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":105905,"ratio":12.5,"baselineDaily":8459,"count":52,"cmteId":"C00895763","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00895763&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00895763/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00895763&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"]},{"id":"P63_M001244","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 62 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Ashley Moody's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 62 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): VSCIX, PDGIX, FLCNX, TFDXX, XOM, SNV, TRV, TFC, VLO, WFC, JEPQ, BAC, TTTXX, BP, RF, … (47 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":62,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["VSCIX","PDGIX","FLCNX","TFDXX","XOM","SNV","TRV","TFC","VLO","WFC","JEPQ","BAC","TTTXX","BP","RF","YRD","ARCT","ARDX","AUR","EDIT","MRAM","HRTX","NKTX","SLDB","RBOT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_M001244","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 13 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$4.0M","explanation":"Ashley Moody's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 13 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $3,958,004. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Commercial Real Estate #1 Description: C (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Commercial Real Estate #4 Description: Y (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000); Residential Real Estate Investment #1 De (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); Residential Real Estate Investment #2 De (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); Commercial Real Estate #2 Description: C (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":13,"totalEstMidpoint":3958004,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Commercial Real Estate #1 Description: Commercial Real Estate #1 (Tampa, FL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate #4 Description: Young & Moody Building (Plant City, FL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"name":"Residential Real Estate Investment #1 Description: Condominium (Longboat Key, FL)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"name":"Residential Real Estate Investment #2 Description: Condominiums (Treasure Island, FL)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate #2 Description: Commercial Real Estate #2 (Clearwater, FL) Filer comment: 2024 K-1 not yet available; estimate based on 2023 K-1.","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_M001244","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 3 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at Special Olympics Florida Clermont, FL","explanation":"Ashley Moody's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 3 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Special Olympics Florida Clermont, FL (Nonprofit Organization); Other (Board Member) at Florida Statewide Council on Opioid Abatement Tallahassee, F (Other (State Council Created b); Other (Chair) at FL Statewide Council on Human Trafficking Tallahassee, FL (Other (State Council Created b).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":3,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2019 to May 2025","role":"Director","entity":"Special Olympics Florida Clermont, FL","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Apr 2019 to Jan 2025","role":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"Florida Statewide Council on Opioid Abatement Tallahassee, FL","entityType":"Other (State Council Created by FL Statute)"},{"dates":"Mar 2020 to Jan 2025","role":"Other (Chair)","entity":"FL Statewide Council on Human Trafficking Tallahassee, FL","entityType":"Other (State Council Created by FL Statute)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_M001244","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$152,027 in outside earned income — top source: State of Florida Tallahassee, FL ($$152,027.00)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $152,027 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Florida Tallahassee, FL ($152,027.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":152027,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Florida Tallahassee, FL","amount":"$152,027.00","amountNumeric":152027}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001244","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 53 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ashley Moody appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 53 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (18); senate pfd holding trade (6); reg rule trade proximity (5); daily donation spike (4); insider followed trade (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":53,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":18},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001244","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P81_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ashley Moody discloses 44 speculative derivatives — NVDA - Nvidia Corp Strike price: $105.00 | Put Expires: 3/21/25","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 44 qualifying instruments: 44 speculative + 0 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: NVDA - Nvidia Corp Strike price: $105.00 | Put Expires: 3/21 · AMAT - Applied Materials Strike price: $165.00 | Put Expires · NVDA - Nvidia Corp Strike price: $145.00 | Call Expires: 2/2.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":44,"compensationCount":0,"speculative":[{"asset":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp Strike price: $105.00 | Put Expires: 3/21/25","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"AMAT - Applied Materials Strike price: $165.00 | Put Expires: 3/21/25","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp Strike price: $145.00 | Call Expires: 2/21/2025","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"AMAT - Applied Materials Strike price: $180.00 | Call Expires: 2/21/2025","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"QQQM - Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF Strike price: $220.00 | Call Expires: 2/21/2025","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"ASML - ASML Holding N.V. - New York Registry Shares Strike price: $750.00 | Call Expires: 2/21/2025","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"compensation":[],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ashley Moody discloses 14 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 14 unascertainable, 9% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 14 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 14 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 9% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Missouri Midway LLC Company: Missouri Midway LLC (Largo, FL) Description: Holding Company for Undeve (--) · Artzibushev - University One Limited Partnership Company: Artzibushev - University One Limited Partn (--) · Gulf to Bay JV Partners LLC Company: Gulf to Bay JV Partners LLC (Tampa, FL) Description: Holding Co (--) · First Tampa Alexander LLC Company: First Tampa Alexander LLC (Plant City, FL) Description: Holding C (--) · State of Florida Deferred Compensation Plan (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":14,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":14,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.094,"samples":[{"asset":"Missouri Midway LLC Company: Missouri Midway LLC (Largo, FL) Description: Holding Company for Undeve","value":"--"},{"asset":"Artzibushev - University One Limited Partnership Company: Artzibushev - University One Limited Partn","value":"--"},{"asset":"Gulf to Bay JV Partners LLC Company: Gulf to Bay JV Partners LLC (Tampa, FL) Description: Holding Co","value":"--"},{"asset":"First Tampa Alexander LLC Company: First Tampa Alexander LLC (Plant City, FL) Description: Holding C","value":"--"},{"asset":"State of Florida Deferred Compensation Plan","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ashley Moody discloses 15 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 15 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Missouri Midway LLC Company: Missouri Midway LLC (Largo, FL) · Undeveloped Land/Real Estate Investment #4 Description: Unde · Artzibushev - University One Limited Partnership Company: Ar · Commercial Real Estate #1 Description: Commercial Real Estat.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":15,"properties":[{"name":"Missouri Midway LLC Company: Missouri Midway LLC (Largo, FL) Description: Holding Company for Undeveloped Land","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Undeveloped Land/Real Estate Investment #4 Description: Undeveloped Land #4 (Largo, FL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Artzibushev - University One Limited Partnership Company: Artzibushev - University One Limited Partnership (Ta","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate #1 Description: Commercial Real Estate #1 (Tampa, FL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate #4 Description: Young & Moody Building (Plant City, FL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Residential Real Estate Investment #1 Description: Condominium (Longboat Key, FL)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Undeveloped Land/Real Estate Investment #1 Description: Land Parcel Identifier 074800776438000 (Yancey County,","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Undeveloped Land/Real Estate Investment #2 Description: Land Parcel Identifier 203439-000, 090127-000 (Plant C","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody discloses 2 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Artzibushev - University One Limited Partnership Company: Ar · Moody Family Investments LP Company: Moody Family Investment.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"Artzibushev - University One Limited Partnership Company: Artzibushev - University One Limited Partnership (Ta","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Moody Family Investments LP Company: Moody Family Investments LP (Lexington, SC) Description: Limited Partners","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P88_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Commercial Real Estate #1 Description: Commercial Real Estate #1 (Tampa, FL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_M001244","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ashley Moody's campaign paid $519,059 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: MOODY, CAMERON ($256,600)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 31 payments totaling $519,059 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MOODY, CAMERON ($256,600 across 17 payments, services: CONSULTING - CONVENTION OPERATIONS · EVENT CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":519059.07,"paymentCount":31,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON","total":256599.66999999998,"count":17,"descriptions":["CONSULTING - CONVENTION OPERATIONS","EVENT CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON DENNIS","total":85500,"count":3,"descriptions":["LOGISTICS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MOODY, CAMERON D","total":70000,"count":5,"descriptions":["MOTORPOOL SECURITY","LEGAL CONSULTING FEES","CONVENTION CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"MOODY, VANESSA","total":40000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MOODY STREET PICTURES","total":32813,"count":2,"descriptions":["PAC MEDIA CONSULTING SERVICES","PRODUCTION (MEDIA)"]}],"surname":"moody"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S6FL00640&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P95_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2025 PFD — IAU - ishares Gold Trust","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: IAU - ishares Gold Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"IAU - ishares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Bank of America","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.125% (20) from Bank of America.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.125% (20)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Bank of America Tampa, FL","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P102_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Special Olympics Florida Clermont,","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Special Olympics Florida Clermont,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Special Olympics Florida Clermont, FL","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Aug 2019 to May 2025"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P104_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Moody's 2025 PFD lists 2 entities bearing the surname \"Moody\" — top: Commercial Real Estate #4 Description:","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 2 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Moody\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Commercial Real Estate #4 Description: (asset) · Moody Family Investments LP Company: (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Moody","count":2,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Commercial Real Estate #4 Description: Young & Moody Building (Plant City, FL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Moody Family Investments LP Company: Moody Family Investments LP (Lexington, SC) Description: Limite","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 17 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), AAPL ($20.9M), XOM ($9.4M)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 17 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $110.6M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · XOM ($9.4M, 31 filings) · NVDA ($7.8M, 21 filings) · DELL ($6.8M, 21 filings) · AMD ($6.2M, 24 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":17,"totalLobbyAcrossM":110.59,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"XOM","totalLobby":9370000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"NVDA","totalLobby":7800000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"NVIDIA"},{"ticker":"DELL","totalLobby":6800000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC."},{"ticker":"AMD","totalLobby":6190000,"recordCount":24,"topClient":"ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC."},{"ticker":"DIS","totalLobby":5750000,"recordCount":28,"topClient":"THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY"},{"ticker":"ARDX","totalLobby":4650000,"recordCount":39,"topClient":"ARDELYX INC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 3 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), AMAT (2,738), BAC (2,063)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 15,696 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · AMAT (2,738 patents) · BAC (2,063 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"totalPatents":15696,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"AMAT","patentCount":2738,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BAC","patentCount":2063,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P109_M001244","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.4M total receipts) — top: ASHLEY MOODY VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Ashley Moody appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: ASHLEY MOODY VICTORY FUND (C00896332, $5.4M receipts, treasurer QUICK, KIRSTEN). Active years: 1, first seen 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.44,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00896332","name":"ASHLEY MOODY VICTORY FUND","receipts":5441418.46,"treasurer":"QUICK, KIRSTEN","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00896332/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00896332/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00896332/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P112_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P112_PFD_SIN_INDUSTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 2 sin-industry tickers on 2025 PFD across 1 category — Gambling (PENN, WYNN)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in sin / vice / controversial industries across 1 category: Gambling — PENN, WYNN. These industries are subject to ongoing federal regulatory debate and aligned with specific committee jurisdictions: tobacco (FDA Center for Tobacco Products, federal excise tax), alcohol (TTB regulation), gambling (state-by-state but federal sports-betting / online-poker debates), firearms (ATF rules, gun-control legislation in Senate Judiciary), private prisons (BOP contracts, ICE detention contracts, criminal-justice reform), and coal (EPA emissions rules, Mining Safety, federal-lands leases). When a senator holds these positions while voting on related legislation, the personal-portfolio conflict is direct and visible to constituents.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sin_industry","year":"2025","industries":[{"industry":"Gambling","holdings":[{"ticker":"PENN","asset":"PENN - Penn Entertainment Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"WYNN","asset":"WYNN - Wynn Resorts Ltd","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"totalCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products","https://www.atf.gov/"]},{"id":"P114_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — AAPL, AMZN","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: AAPL (None (or less than $1,001)) · AMZN (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com Inc","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P116_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 4 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — AMAT, NVDA, AMD, ASML","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: AMAT ($100,001 - $250,000) · NVDA ($1,001 - $15,000) · AMD ($15,001 - $50,000) · ASML ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMAT","asset":"AMAT - Applied Materials","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp Strike price: $105.00 | Put Expires: 3/21/25","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMD","asset":"AMD - Adv Micro Devices","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ASML","asset":"ASML - ASML Holding N.V. - New York Registry Shares","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — TRV","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: TRV ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TRV","asset":"TRV - The Travelers Companies Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P120_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 4 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — TFC, WFC, BAC, RF","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: TFC ($1,001 - $15,000) · WFC ($15,001 - $50,000) · BAC ($100,001 - $250,000) · RF ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TFC","asset":"TFC - Truist Financial Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WFC","asset":"WFC - Wells Fargo & Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BAC","asset":"BAC - Bank of America Corp","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"RF","asset":"RF - Regions Financial Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P121_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P121_PFD_AUTO_HOLDING_NHTSA","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 1 auto-industry ticker on 2025 PFD — TSLA","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major auto manufacturers, EV makers, or auto suppliers (Tesla TSLA, GM, Ford F, Stellantis STLA, Rivian RIVN, Lucid LCID, plus suppliers like Mobileye MBLY, Aptiv APTV, Magna MGA, BorgWarner BWA). The Inflation Reduction Act EV tax credit ($7,500/vehicle subject to sourcing rules) is a directly portfolio-relevant policy lever; NHTSA recall enforcement and CAFE rule-making move auto-stock prices materially. Holdings: TSLA ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_auto_nhtsa","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TSLA","asset":"TSLA - Tesla Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onAutoCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.nhtsa.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 3 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — XOM, VLO, BP","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: XOM ($1,001 - $15,000) · VLO ($15,001 - $50,000) · BP ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"XOM","asset":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VLO","asset":"VLO - Valero Energy Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BP","asset":"BP - BP PLC","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — senator on HELP/Finance/Aging — BMRN","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate HELP, Finance, Aging, or Judiciary committees — bodies with primary jurisdiction over Medicare drug-pricing negotiation (Inflation Reduction Act), FDA approval pathways, biosimilar exclusivity, the 340B drug-pricing program, Medicare Part D reform, and PBM (pharmacy benefit manager) reform. Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: BMRN (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BMRN","asset":"BMRN - Biomarin Pharmaceuticals Strike price: $95.00 | Call Expires: 3/15/24","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onPharmaCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P126_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 1 publicly-traded REIT ticker on 2025 PFD — DLR","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holding — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: DLR (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"DLR","asset":"DLR - Digital Realty Trust","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P130_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody's 2025 PFD: 47% of 38 classified ticker holdings in Technology (18/38)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows ticker-holding concentration in a single sector — 18 of 38 classified holdings (47%) are in Technology. Concentration is the inverse of diversification: when a senator's portfolio leans this heavily toward one industry, every regulatory decision affecting that industry has outsized impact on their personal balance sheet. The senator's wealth tracks Technology-sector beta directly — federal-policy shocks to Technology (taxes, regulations, antitrust enforcement, subsidies, sanctions) move their net worth more than they would for a diversified portfolio. Sector breakdown: Technology (18) · Finance (7) · Consumer (7) · Energy (3) · Real Estate (3).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sector_concentration","year":"2025","totalClassified":38,"sectorCounts":{"Technology":18,"Finance":7,"Consumer":7,"Energy":3,"Real Estate":3},"topSector":"Technology","concentration":0.474,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P131_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody's 2025 PFD lists 62 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 62 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): VSCIX, PDGIX, FLCNX, TFDXX, XOM, SNV, TRV, TFC, VLO, WFC.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":62,"sampleTickers":["VSCIX","PDGIX","FLCNX","TFDXX","XOM","SNV","TRV","TFC","VLO","WFC","JEPQ","BAC","TTTXX","BP","RF","YRD","ARCT","ARDX","AUR","EDIT","MRAM","HRTX","NKTX","SLDB","RBOT","SYM","YEXT","ADCT","AMAT","CCL"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_M001244","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $15.9M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Ashley Moody's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $15.9M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 327; earned-income on first filing: $153,027.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":15895755.5,"assetCount":327,"earnedIncome":153027,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_M001244","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Moody disclosed 6 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY SMCI $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Ashley Moody has filed 6 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY SMCI $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-03-25 · BUY NVDA $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-03-20 · BUY LLY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-03-06 · BUY AMD $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-02-24.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":6,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":600006,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"SMCI","action":"BUY","date":"2025-03-25","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","date":"2025-03-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","date":"2025-03-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","date":"2025-02-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","date":"2025-01-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","date":"2025-01-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001244","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY SMCI (1d apart)","explanation":"Ashley Moody has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY SMCI 2025-03-24 → 2025-03-25 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"SMCI","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2025-03-24","date2":"2025-03-25","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001244","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Moody triggers 19 HIGH-severity findings across 47 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ashley Moody accumulates 19 HIGH-severity findings across 47 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":19,"distinctDetectorTypes":47}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M001244","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Moody triggers 48 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Ashley Moody accumulates findings across 48 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 48 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":48,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P29","P36","P37","P42","P43","P53","P54","P62","P63","P68","P70","P71","P78","P81","P83","P84","P85","P88","P90","P95","P96","P102","P104"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P159_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody holds 2 non-US-domiciled stocks on 2025 PFD across 2 countries — BP (United Kingdom), ASML (Netherlands)","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 2 countries (United Kingdom, Netherlands). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: BP (United Kingdom, $50,001 - $100,000) · ASML (Netherlands, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":2,"countries":["United Kingdom","Netherlands"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"BP","country":"United Kingdom","asset":"BP - BP PLC","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"ASML","country":"Netherlands","asset":"ASML - ASML Holding N.V. - New York Registry Shares","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P172_FL_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"FL delegation: Ashley Moody & Rick Scott both flagged on 20 shared detector types (6 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from FL — Ashley Moody and Rick Scott — are flagged on the same 20 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 6 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P11, P15, P19, P29, P36, P53, P54, P62.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"FL","otherSenatorBid":"S001217","otherSenatorName":"Rick Scott","sharedDetectorCount":20,"sharedHighCount":6,"sharedDetectors":["P11","P15","P19","P29","P36","P53","P54","P62","P63","P68","P70","P71","P83","P84","P85","P88"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001244","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001217"]},{"id":"P173_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P192_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M001244_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Moody — 106 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Ashley Moody's 2025 Senate PFD shows 106 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":106,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2a8e3a84-ea4e-41c8-8653-1dc74abeade9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S000929":[{"id":"P1_S000929_uwk782","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SPG 1d BEFORE HR 4008 — \"To designate the facility of the United States Pos…\" · sponsor R-NC","explanation":"Member traded SPG (RealEstate) within 1 days of HR 4008 \"To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1639 Di\", sponsored by Rep. Myrick, Sue Wilkins [R-NC-9].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","date":"2025-02-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4008","title":"To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1639 Dickerson Boulevard in Monroe, North Carol","introducedDate":"2025-02-04","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Myrick, Sue Wilkins [R-NC-9]","sponsorBioguide":"M001134","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204008"]},{"id":"P1_S000929_lo5172","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL SPG 0d BEFORE HR 2481 — \"Fair Manufactured Housing Lending Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SPG (RealEstate) within 0 days of HR 2481 \"Fair Manufactured Housing Lending Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","date":"2024-09-20","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2481","title":"Fair Manufactured Housing Lending Act","introducedDate":"2024-09-20","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202481"]},{"id":"P1_S000929_dy2i6e","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SPG 6d after HR 7782 — \"Green New Deal for Public Housing Act\"","explanation":"Member traded SPG (RealEstate) within 6 days of HR 7782 \"Green New Deal for Public Housing Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","date":"2024-06-28","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7782","title":"Green New Deal for Public Housing Act","introducedDate":"2024-06-22","daysDiff":6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207782"]},{"id":"P1_S000929_jnvch7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY SPG 4d BEFORE HR 1099 — \"To provide for extension of existing and expiring…\" · sponsor D-NJ","explanation":"Member traded SPG (RealEstate) within 4 days of HR 1099 \"To provide for extension of existing and expiring agreements under the Moving-to\", sponsored by Rep. Sires, Albio [D-NJ-13].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","date":"2024-02-02","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1099","title":"To provide for extension of existing and expiring agreements under the Moving-to-Work program of the Department of Housi","introducedDate":"2024-02-06","daysDiff":-4,"sponsorName":"Rep. Sires, Albio [D-NJ-13]","sponsorBioguide":"S001165","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NJ","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201099"]},{"id":"P1_S000929_h912cf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SPG 12d after HRES 1078 — \"Promoting and supporting the goals and ideals of t…\"","explanation":"Member traded SPG (RealEstate) within 12 days of HRES 1078 \"Promoting and supporting the goals and ideals of the Fair Housing Act and recogn\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","date":"2023-01-10","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 1078","title":"Promoting and supporting the goals and ideals of the Fair Housing Act and recognizing April 2022 as Fair Housing Month, ","introducedDate":"2022-12-29","daysDiff":12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%201078"]},{"id":"P2_S000929_4vbt7d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"RESPONSE AI gave $9,900 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Victoria Spartz serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology) and received $9,900 from RESPONSE AI, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"RESPONSE AI","total":9900,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S000929","https://www.citact.org/senator-victoria-spartz-r-noblesville-district-20","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/victoria-spartz"]},{"id":"P6_S000929_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$393,599 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $393,599 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":393598.85000000003,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_S000929_38068o","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,433,077 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,433,077 opposing this member across 115 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8433077.040000003,"totalSupport":897887.2000000001,"events":115,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":3969758.5000000005},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2658024.1},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":893942.03},{"name":"CHC BOLD PAC","oppose":820821.3},{"name":"PRINCIPLED LEADERS PAC","oppose":75000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S000929_klczu0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $174,956 / spent $170,052","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00764134","cmteName":"FREE MARKET FUND","year":"2020","totalReceipts":100,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":100},{"cmteId":"C00764134","cmteName":"FREE MARKET FUND","year":"2022","totalReceipts":93304.4,"totalDisbursements":42485.3,"cashOnHand":50919.14},{"cmteId":"C00764134","cmteName":"FREE MARKET FUND","year":"2024","totalReceipts":46833.1,"totalDisbursements":97345.8,"cashOnHand":406.47},{"cmteId":"C00764134","cmteName":"FREE MARKET FUND","year":"2026","totalReceipts":34718.7,"totalDisbursements":30220.8,"cashOnHand":4904.43}],"totalRaised":174956.2,"totalSpent":170051.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S000929_brbti1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,802 donation spike on 2025-04-25 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-04-25 this committee recorded $70,802 across 59 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,834.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00737767","date":"2025-04-25","amount":70802,"count":59,"baseline":6834,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00737767/"]},{"id":"P15_S000929_qfqqpi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,000 donation spike on 2024-03-28 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-28 this committee recorded $60,000 across 37 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,771.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00737767","date":"2024-03-28","amount":60000,"count":37,"baseline":6771,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00737767/"]},{"id":"P15_S000929_f8lds4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,262 donation spike on 2022-04-14 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-04-14 this committee recorded $52,262 across 354 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,223.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00737767","date":"2022-04-14","amount":52262,"count":354,"baseline":4223,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00737767/"]},{"id":"P18_S000929_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Victoria Spartz executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2021-02-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Adding Mining as a Sector of Projects Eligible for Coverage Under Title 41 of the Fixing America's Surface Transportatio","agency":"Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council","date":"2021-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S000929_b137qg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Victoria Spartz campaign paid $2,351,749 to 23 surname-matched vendors, top: SPARTZ, VICTORIA HON.","explanation":"Victoria Spartz's campaign paid 107 disbursements totaling $2,351,749 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SPARTZ, VICTORIA HON.","total":1672044.5399999998,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"SPARTZ, VICTORIA HON.","amount":426000,"date":"2023-01-30","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"spartz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SPARTZ, VICTORIA HON.","amount":250000,"date":"2023-01-30","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"spartz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SPARTZ, VICTORIA HON.","amount":150000,"date":"2023-01-30","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"spartz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","total":44000,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":10000,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"NONFEDERAL: CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2017-09-06","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-08","description":"VA STATE LEVEL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","total":42500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-06-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":5000,"date":"2006-03-15","description":"CONSULTING - POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","total":30000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2001-10-15","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","amount":5000,"date":"2005-02-10","description":"GOVERNOR'S RACE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SPARTZ"]},{"id":"P23_S000929_1rii","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 trades in SPG (RealEstate) — 88% of this member's 24 total trades","explanation":"Victoria Spartz has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"SPG","count":21,"buys":20,"sells":1,"sector":"RealEstate","firstDate":"2021-01-22","lastDate":"2025-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S000929_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SPARTZ, Victoria voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S000929","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Victoria Spartz has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S000929_SPG_20250403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Victoria Spartz buy $SPG 1 day after a corporate insider (GLASSCOCK LARRY C  (CIK 0001189793)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"GLASSCOCK LARRY C  (CIK 0001189793)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001415889-25-009554","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000929_SPG_20211005","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Victoria Spartz buy $SPG 1 day after a corporate insider (SELIG STEFAN M  (CIK 0001709407)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"SELIG STEFAN M  (CIK 0001709407)","filingDate":"2021-10-04","adsh":"0001179110-21-009126","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S000929_SPG_20220514","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SPG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Victoria Spartz buy $SPG 3 days after a corporate insider (STEWART MARTA R  (CIK 0001272064)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"STEWART MARTA R  (CIK 0001272064)","filingDate":"2022-05-11","adsh":"0001415889-22-004871","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000929_LUV_20210518","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LUV 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Victoria Spartz sell $LUV 2 days before a corporate insider (BROOKS DOUGLAS H  (CIK 0001186331)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LUV","filer":"BROOKS DOUGLAS H  (CIK 0001186331)","filingDate":"2021-05-20","adsh":"0000092380-21-000110"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000929_SPG_20230503","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SPG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Victoria Spartz buy $SPG 2 days before a corporate insider (LEWIS RANDALL J  (CIK 0001123485)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"LEWIS RANDALL J  (CIK 0001123485)","filingDate":"2023-05-05","adsh":"0001415889-23-007420"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000929_SPG_20210512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SPG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Victoria Spartz buy $SPG 2 days before a corporate insider (Aeppel Glyn  (CIK 0001340262)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"Aeppel Glyn  (CIK 0001340262)","filingDate":"2021-05-14","adsh":"0001179110-21-005373"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000929_SPG_20211005","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPG 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Victoria Spartz buy $SPG 7 days before a corporate insider (Snow Ian K  (CIK 0001327044)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"Snow Ian K  (CIK 0001327044)","filingDate":"2021-10-12","adsh":"0000899243-21-040011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_S000929","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $48,200","explanation":"Victoria Spartz received campaign contributions totaling $48,200 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,200); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000); INDIANA FARM BUREAU, INC. ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($5,000); SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":48200,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13200,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INDIANA FARM BUREAU INC ELECT PAC","ldaClient":"INDIANA FARM BUREAU, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 150 PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC. CANDIDATE FUND","ldaClient":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S000929","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $70,802 on 2025-04-25 (10.4× normal)","explanation":"Victoria Spartz's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $70,802 on 2025-04-25 — 10.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":123064,"maxRatio":12.4,"maxAmount":70802},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-04-25","amount":70802,"ratio":10.4,"baselineDaily":6834,"count":59,"cmteId":"C00737767","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00737767&min_date=2025-04-25&max_date=2025-04-25"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-04-14","amount":52262,"ratio":12.4,"baselineDaily":4223,"count":354,"cmteId":"C00737767","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00737767&min_date=2022-04-14&max_date=2022-04-14"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00737767/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00737767&min_date=2025-04-25&max_date=2025-04-25"]},{"id":"P78_S000929","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 26 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Victoria Spartz appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 26 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: trade near vote (5); insider front ran trade (4); daily donation spike (3); insider followed trade (3); committee pac conflict (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":26,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":5},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S000929","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_S000929","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Victoria Spartz named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Victoria Spartz appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Victoria Spartz","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-victoria-spartz/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-victoria-spartz/"]},{"id":"P90_S000929","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Victoria Spartz's campaign paid $20,997 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: SPARTZ, JASON ($20,997)","explanation":"Victoria Spartz's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $20,997 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SPARTZ, JASON ($20,997 across 2 payments, services: SIGN INSTALLATION & REMOVAL · SEE BELOW). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":20996.5,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SPARTZ, JASON","total":20996.5,"count":2,"descriptions":["SIGN INSTALLATION & REMOVAL","SEE BELOW"]}],"surname":"spartz"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0IN05326&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P140_S000929","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Victoria Spartz disclosed 6 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 3 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL SPG $1,000,001 - $5,000,000","explanation":"Victoria Spartz has filed 6 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 3 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL SPG $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2024-09-20 · BUY SPG $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2021-06-10 · SELL LUV $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-05-18 · SELL ALK $250,001 - $500,000 on 2021-05-17.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":6,"veryHighCount":3,"lowerBoundSum":2050006,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"SPG","action":"SELL","date":"2024-09-20","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","date":"2021-06-10","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"LUV","action":"SELL","date":"2021-05-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ALK","action":"SELL","date":"2021-05-17","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","date":"2021-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LUV","action":"SELL","date":"2021-02-04","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S000929","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Victoria Spartz triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Victoria Spartz accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P191_S000929_SPG","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Victoria Spartz — 21 disclosed trades in single ticker SPG","explanation":"Victoria Spartz traded SPG on 21 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SPG trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SPG","count":21}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"W000830":[{"id":"P1_W000830_b3tzom","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL NFLX 1d BEFORE HR 1925 — \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of…\"","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 1 days of HR 1925 \"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1925","title":"Emerging Digital Identity Ecosystem Report Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-28","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201925"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_n4c0q5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL V 2d BEFORE S 792 — \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded V (Technology) within 2 days of S 792 \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 792","title":"Government Spectrum Valuation Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20792"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_f17dqn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 2d BEFORE S 792 — \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 2 days of S 792 \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 792","title":"Government Spectrum Valuation Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20792"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_4zd3hj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL JPM 2d BEFORE HR 446 — \"Endowment Tax Fairness Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JPM (Finance) within 2 days of HR 446 \"Endowment Tax Fairness Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 446","title":"Endowment Tax Fairness Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20446"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_d8h0ce","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NEE 7d after HR 1281 — \"Natural GAS Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded NEE (Energy) within 7 days of HR 1281 \"Natural GAS Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1281","title":"Natural GAS Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-17","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201281"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_t233m9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL INTC 2d BEFORE S 792 — \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 2 days of S 792 \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 792","title":"Government Spectrum Valuation Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20792"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_3ms2er","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LMT 3d after HR 1935 — \"Protecting Military Assets Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded LMT (Defense) within 3 days of HR 1935 \"Protecting Military Assets Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1935","title":"Protecting Military Assets Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201935"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_1tfqbg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BAC 2d BEFORE HR 446 — \"Endowment Tax Fairness Act\"","explanation":"Member traded BAC (Finance) within 2 days of HR 446 \"Endowment Tax Fairness Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 446","title":"Endowment Tax Fairness Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20446"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_z8a287","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL TXN 2d BEFORE S 792 — \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\"","explanation":"Member traded TXN (Technology) within 2 days of S 792 \"Government Spectrum Valuation Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 792","title":"Government Spectrum Valuation Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%20792"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_566cay","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL RTX 3d after HR 1935 — \"Protecting Military Assets Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded RTX (Defense) within 3 days of HR 1935 \"Protecting Military Assets Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1935","title":"Protecting Military Assets Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201935"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_zc1yf8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AEP 7d after HR 1281 — \"Natural GAS Act of 2025\"","explanation":"Member traded AEP (Energy) within 7 days of HR 1281 \"Natural GAS Act of 2025\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1281","title":"Natural GAS Act of 2025","introducedDate":"2025-03-17","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201281"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_qrf2is","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MDT 3d BEFORE HR 1785 — \"Preventing Medicare Telefraud Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MDT (Healthcare) within 3 days of HR 1785 \"Preventing Medicare Telefraud Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1785","title":"Preventing Medicare Telefraud Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-27","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201785"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_1u0atf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MMC 2d BEFORE HR 446 — \"Endowment Tax Fairness Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MMC (Finance) within 2 days of HR 446 \"Endowment Tax Fairness Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 446","title":"Endowment Tax Fairness Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20446"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_a55dxz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNP 2d BEFORE S. 1161 — \"Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignat…\" · sponsor D-MA","explanation":"Member traded UNP (Transportation) within 2 days of S. 1161 \"Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act\", sponsored by Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"S. 1161","title":"Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA]","sponsorBioguide":"M000133","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S.%201161"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_2wp55v","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL C 2d BEFORE HR 446 — \"Endowment Tax Fairness Act\"","explanation":"Member traded C (Finance) within 2 days of HR 446 \"Endowment Tax Fairness Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 446","title":"Endowment Tax Fairness Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-26","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20446"]},{"id":"P1_W000830_t6juma","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL JNJ 3d after HR 372 — \"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act\"","explanation":"Member traded JNJ (Pharma) within 3 days of HR 372 \"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 372","title":"Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Act","introducedDate":"2025-03-21","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20372"]},{"id":"P2_W000830_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"George Whitesides serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://signalscv.com/2025/02/whitesides-announces-committee-assignments-2/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/santa-clarita-signal-whitesides-announces-committee-assignments/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/rep-george-whitesides-celebrates-house-armed-services-committee-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_W000830_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"George Whitesides serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://signalscv.com/2025/02/whitesides-announces-committee-assignments-2/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/santa-clarita-signal-whitesides-announces-committee-assignments/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/rep-george-whitesides-celebrates-house-armed-services-committee-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_W000830_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"George Whitesides serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://signalscv.com/2025/02/whitesides-announces-committee-assignments-2/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/santa-clarita-signal-whitesides-announces-committee-assignments/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/rep-george-whitesides-celebrates-house-armed-services-committee-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_W000830_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"George Whitesides serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://signalscv.com/2025/02/whitesides-announces-committee-assignments-2/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/santa-clarita-signal-whitesides-announces-committee-assignments/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/rep-george-whitesides-celebrates-house-armed-services-committee-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_W000830_c173cw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY A gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"George Whitesides serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://signalscv.com/2025/02/whitesides-announces-committee-assignments-2/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/santa-clarita-signal-whitesides-announces-committee-assignments/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/rep-george-whitesides-celebrates-house-armed-services-committee-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_W000830_nermfu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEFENSE, ECONOMIC RENEWAL, EDUCATION AND gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"George Whitesides serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DEFENSE, ECONOMIC RENEWAL, EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEFENSE, ECONOMIC RENEWAL, EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://signalscv.com/2025/02/whitesides-announces-committee-assignments-2/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/santa-clarita-signal-whitesides-announces-committee-assignments/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/rep-george-whitesides-celebrates-house-armed-services-committee-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_W000830_4pduwc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (E gave $4,268 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"George Whitesides serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,268 from ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (EDAF PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (EDAF PAC)","total":4268.36,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://signalscv.com/2025/02/whitesides-announces-committee-assignments-2/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/santa-clarita-signal-whitesides-announces-committee-assignments/","https://whitesides.house.gov/2025/01/16/rep-george-whitesides-celebrates-house-armed-services-committee-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P6_W000830_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,014,460 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HMP (also direct donor)","explanation":"HMP spent $3,014,460 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"HMP","support":3014460.19,"oppose":0,"events":13},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HMP","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_W000830_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,984,705 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $1,984,705 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1984705.03,"oppose":0,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P7_W000830_rpf2as","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $10,310,768 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $10,310,768 opposing this member across 133 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":10310767.99,"totalSupport":5109350.249999999,"events":133,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":7875922.72},{"name":"NRCC","oppose":2285224.99},{"name":"Congressional Leadership Fund","oppose":149620.28}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000830_d90118","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,219 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,219 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10218.7,"oppose":0,"net":10218.7,"events":3,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":8795.91,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":1422.79,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_W000830_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8550 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,012,924 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8550× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,012,924. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":8550,"total":3012924,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000830_l7hwj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,550 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $66,550 across 43 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,375.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00834028","date":"2025-03-31","amount":66550,"count":43,"baseline":9375,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00834028/"]},{"id":"P17_W000830_DEO_2025-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-18 and 2025-03-24, 4 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001325","name":"Sheri Biggs"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"W000830","name":"George Whitesides"}],"span":"2025-03-18 to 2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000830_DEO_2025-03-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DEO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-03-19 and 2025-03-24, 3 members took the same direction on DEO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DEO","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DEO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001234","name":"Kelly Morrison"},{"bioguideId":"W000830","name":"George Whitesides"}],"span":"2025-03-19 to 2025-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000830_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member George Whitesides executed 5 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Fishery; 2025 Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Specifi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-02-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Connect America Fund, Alaska Connect Fund, ETC Annual Reports and Certifications, Telecommunications Carriers Eligible T","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000830_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member George Whitesides executed 4 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of Compliance Dates for Standards for Covered Clearing Agencies for U.S. Treasury Securities and Application o","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-03-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of Compliance Dates for Standards for Covered Clearing Agencies for U.S. Treasury Securities and Application o","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000830_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member George Whitesides executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"State Safety Oversight","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Transit Administration","date":"2025-02-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"State Safety Oversight","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Transit Administration","date":"2025-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000830_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member George Whitesides executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-18,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-18,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000830_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member George Whitesides executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Food Labeling: Nutrient Content Claims; Definition of Term “Healthy”","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000830_fcjmga","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"George Whitesides campaign paid $398,764 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"George Whitesides's campaign paid 79 disbursements totaling $398,764 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","total":4203,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","amount":4203,"date":"2006-12-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P20_W000830_1qvq","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on committees overseeing Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-03-24","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":2558117.42,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000830","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 38 total findings","explanation":"George Whitesides has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":38,"highSeverityCount":14,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_W000830_INTC_20250401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in INTC 8 days before FTC action","explanation":"George Whitesides sold INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2025-04-01","title":"FTC Order Requires Workado to Back Up Artificial Intelligence Detection Claims","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-3012_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-3012","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-3012. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-3012","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-3012_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on S-3012","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-3012. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-3012","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-3012_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-3012","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-3012. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-3012","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-3012_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on S-3012","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-3012. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-3012","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-3012_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on S-3012","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-3012. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-3012","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/S.-3012-Shutdown-Fairness-Act-SAP.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1-SenAmendment.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-875_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-875","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-875. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-875","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-875_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-875","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-875. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-875","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-875_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-875","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-875. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-875","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-875_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-875","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-875. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-875","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-875_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-875","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-875. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-875","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR875.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-275_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-275","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-275. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-275","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-275_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-275","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-275. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-275","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-275_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-275","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-275. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-275","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-275_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-275","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-275. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-275","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-275_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-275","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-275. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-275","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR275.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-884_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-884","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-884. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-884","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-884_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-884","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-884. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-884","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-884_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-884","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-884. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-884","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-884_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-884","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-884. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-884","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-884_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-884","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-884. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-884","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR884.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2056_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2056","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2056. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2056","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2056_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2056","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2056. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2056","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2056_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2056","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2056. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2056","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2056_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2056","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2056. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2056","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2056_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2056","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2056. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2056","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2056.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2096_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2096","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2096. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2096","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2096_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2096","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2096. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2096","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2096_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2096","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2096. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2096","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2096_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2096","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2096. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2096","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2096_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2096","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2096. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2096","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2096.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-1582_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-1582","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-1582. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-1582","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-1582_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on S-1582","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-1582. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-1582","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-1582_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-1582","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-1582. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-1582","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-1582_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on S-1582","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-1582. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-1582","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-1582_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on S-1582","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-1582. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-1582","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S1582.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2931_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2931","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2931. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2931","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2931_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2931","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2931. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2931","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2931_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2931","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2931. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2931","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2931_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2931","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2931. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2931","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2931_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2931","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2931. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2931","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2931-HR2966.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-31_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-31","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-31. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-31","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-31_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-31","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-31. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-31","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-31_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-31","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-31. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-31","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-31_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-31","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-31. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-31","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-31_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-31","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-31. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-31","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR31.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2255_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2255","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2255. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2255","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2255_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2255","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2255. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2255","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2255_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2255","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2255. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2255","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2255_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2255","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2255. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2255","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2255_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2255","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2255. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2255","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2255.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2243_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2243","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2243. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2243","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2243_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2243","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2243. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2243","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2243_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2243","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2243. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2243","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2243_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2243","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2243. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2243","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2243_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2243","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2243. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2243","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2243.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2240_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2240","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2240. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2240","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2240_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2240","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2240. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2240","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2240_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2240","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2240. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2240","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2240_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2240","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2240. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2240","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-2240_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-2240","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-2240. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-2240","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR2240.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-7_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-7","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-7. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-7","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-7_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-7","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-7. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-7","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-7_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-7","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-7. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-7","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-7_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-7","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-7. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-7","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-7_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-7","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-7. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-7","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR7.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-13_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-13","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-13. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-13","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-13_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-13","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-13. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-13","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-13_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-13","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-13. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-13","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-13_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-13","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-13. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-13","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-13_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-13","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-13. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-13","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR13.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-276_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-276","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-276. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-276","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-276_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-276","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-276. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-276","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-276_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-276","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-276. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-276","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-276_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-276","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-276. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-276","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-276_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-276","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-276. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-276","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR276.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hconres-14_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-14","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-14. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-14","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hconres-14_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-14","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-14. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-14","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hconres-14_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-14","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-14. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-14","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hconres-14_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-14","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-14. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-14","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hconres-14_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HCONRES-14","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HCONRES-14. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hconres-14","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HConRes14.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1526_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1526","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1526. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1526","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1526_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1526","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1526. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1526","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1526_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1526","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1526. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1526","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1526_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1526","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1526. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1526","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1526_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1526","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1526. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1526","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1526.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-22_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-22","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-22. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-22","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-22_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-22","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-22. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-22","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-22_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-22","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-22. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-22","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-22_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-22","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-22. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-22","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-22_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-22","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-22. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-22","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR22.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-18_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-18","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-18. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-18","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-18_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-18","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-18. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-18","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-18_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-18","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-18. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-18","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-18_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-18","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-18. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-18","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-18_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-18","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-18. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-18","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR18.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1156_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1156","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1156. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1156","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1156_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1156","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1156. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1156","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1156_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1156","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1156. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1156","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1156_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1156","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1156. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1156","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-1156_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-1156","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-1156. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-1156","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR1156.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-28_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-28","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-28. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-28","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-28_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-28","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-28. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-28","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-28_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-28","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-28. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-28","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-28_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-28","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-28. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-28","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-28_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-28","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-28. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-28","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR28.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-3_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-3","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-3. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-3","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-3_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-3","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-3. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-3","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-3_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-3","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-3. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-3","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-3_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-3","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-3. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-3","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-3_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-3","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-3. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-3","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR3.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-9_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-9","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-9. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-9","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-9_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on S-9","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-9. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-9","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-9_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on S-9","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-9. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-9","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-9_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on S-9","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-9. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-9","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_s-9_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on S-9","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on S-9. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"s-9","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-S9.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-11_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-11","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-11. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-11","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-11_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-11","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-11. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-11","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-11_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-11","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-11. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-11","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-11_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-11","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-11. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-11","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_sjres-11_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on SJRES-11","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on SJRES-11. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"sjres-11","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-SJR11.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hjres-35_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HJRES-35","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HJRES-35. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hjres-35","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hjres-35_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HJRES-35","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HJRES-35. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hjres-35","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hjres-35_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HJRES-35","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HJRES-35. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hjres-35","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hjres-35_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HJRES-35","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HJRES-35. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hjres-35","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hjres-35_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HJRES-35","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HJRES-35. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hjres-35","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HJRes-35.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-77_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-77","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-77. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-77","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-77_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-77","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-77. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-77","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-77_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-77","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-77. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-77","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-77_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-77","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-77. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-77","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-77_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-77","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-77. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position. SAP language: \"supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-77","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR77.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-26_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-26","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-26. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-26","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-26_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-26","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-26. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-26","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-26_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-26","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-26. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-26","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-26_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-26","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-26. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-26","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-26_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-26","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-26. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-26","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR26.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-27_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-27","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-27. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-27","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-27_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-27","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-27. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-27","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-27_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-27","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-27. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-27","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-27_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-27","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-27. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-27","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-27_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-27","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-27. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-27","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR27.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-21_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of MSFT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-21","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-21. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-21","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-21_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JPM within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-21","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-21. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-21","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-21_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of LMT within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-21","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-21. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-21","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-21_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of RTX within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-21","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-21. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-21","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf"]},{"id":"P41_W000830_hr-21_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL of JNJ within 30 days of WH SAP on HR-21","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ within 30 days of the White House issuing a Statement of Administration Policy on HR-21. The trade direction (sell) contradicts the administration's position (a strong veto-threat or strongly-supports stance). SAP language: \"strongly_supports\". Executive-branch policy signals move markets — when a legislator trades contrary to the administration's stated position in the days around the SAP, it suggests they may be positioning against the announced policy direction.","evidence":[{"source":"sap","billSlug":"hr-21","pdfUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf","yearMonth":"2025-03","position":"strongly_supports"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/SAP-HR21.pdf"]},{"id":"P39_W000830_Science__Space__and_Technology","pattern_type":"P39_COMMITTEE_CHAIR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"vice-ranking member of Science, Space, and Technology — 11% of trades in Technology/Telecom stocks","explanation":"George Whitesides serves as vice-ranking member on Science, Space, and Technology, which oversees technology and telecom policy. 4 of their 35 tracked trades are in the sector they regulate (11%). Chairs and ranking members control agenda-setting, markup scheduling, and witness selection — a concentrated portfolio in the same sector is a textbook position-conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"committee_role","committee":"Science, Space, and Technology","chamber":"house","role":"vice-ranking member","sector":"Technology/Telecom"},{"source":"portfolio","totalTrades":35,"sectorTrades":4,"concentrationPct":11,"topTickers":[{"ticker":"NFLX","count":1},{"ticker":"MSFT","count":1},{"ticker":"INTC","count":1},{"ticker":"CMCSA","count":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_W000830_NFLX_20250327","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2025-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in NFLX during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000830_MSFT_20250324","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2025-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in MSFT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000830_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2025-Q1 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JPM during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000830_LMT_20250324","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT in 2025-Q1 while LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in LMT during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, LOCKHEED MARTIN). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000830_RTX_20250324","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of RTX in 2025-Q1 while RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in RTX during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFIL, RTX CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFIL","RTX CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES)","RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_W000830_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2025-Q1 while JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"George Whitesides executed a sell in JNJ during 2025-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC., MEAD JOHNSON & COMPANY, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24","quarter":"2025-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2025-Q1","matchedClients":["JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC.","MEAD JOHNSON & COMPANY, LLC","JOHNSON HEALTH TECH RETAIL INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_W000830_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $JPM 4 days after a corporate insider (Lake Marianne  (CIK 0001566079)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"Lake Marianne  (CIK 0001566079)","filingDate":"2025-03-20","adsh":"0001225208-25-003533","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000830_JNJ_20250324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JNJ 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $JNJ 5 days after a corporate insider (Duato Joaquin  (CIK 0001673401)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Duato Joaquin  (CIK 0001673401)","filingDate":"2025-03-19","adsh":"0000200406-25-000103","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_HD_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $HD 1 day before a corporate insider (Bastek William D  (CIK 0001970134)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Bastek William D  (CIK 0001970134)","filingDate":"2025-03-25","adsh":"0000354950-25-000088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_RCL_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RCL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $RCL 2 days before a corporate insider (Liberty Jason T  (CIK 0001568915)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RCL","filer":"Liberty Jason T  (CIK 0001568915)","filingDate":"2025-03-26","adsh":"0000884887-25-000077"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_JPM_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JPM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $JPM 3 days before a corporate insider (Pinto Daniel E  (CIK 0001555174)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"Pinto Daniel E  (CIK 0001555174)","filingDate":"2025-03-27","adsh":"0001225208-25-003709"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_CB_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CB 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $CB 3 days before a corporate insider (Golub David  (CIK 0001298389)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"Golub David  (CIK 0001298389)","filingDate":"2025-03-27","adsh":"0001930087-25-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_NFLX_20250327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NFLX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $NFLX 6 days before a corporate insider (MATHER ANN  (CIK 0001244892)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFLX","filer":"MATHER ANN  (CIK 0001244892)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001065280-25-000169"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_V_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $V 7 days before a corporate insider (FIG LLC  (CIK 0001245521)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"FIG LLC  (CIK 0001245521)","filingDate":"2025-03-31","adsh":"0001062993-25-006596"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_MCD_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MCD 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $MCD 9 days before a corporate insider (Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001567619-25-000264"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_DIS_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $DIS 9 days before a corporate insider (Darroch Jeremy  (CIK 0001871286)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Darroch Jeremy  (CIK 0001871286)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001744489-25-000085"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_CMCSA_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $CMCSA 9 days before a corporate insider (Baltimore Thomas J Jr  (CIK 0001390946)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Baltimore Thomas J Jr  (CIK 0001390946)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0001225208-25-003901"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000830_UNP_20250324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNP 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"George Whitesides sell $UNP 9 days before a corporate insider (DeLaney William J III  (CIK 0001384151)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"DeLaney William J III  (CIK 0001384151)","filingDate":"2025-04-02","adsh":"0000100885-25-000101"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P45_W000830","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"14% of stock trades (5 of 35) in major federal contractors — top: MCD ($21B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"George Whitesides concentrated 14% of their stock-trading activity (5 of 35 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $130B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"MCD","totalContracts":20990522135.58,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":1},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LIN","totalContracts":28595464870.309998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":1},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NEE","totalContracts":13945196501.249996,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":1},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BAC","totalContracts":13084623839.920002,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":1},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"DIS","totalContracts":53807975218.79,"agency":"Department of Energy","memberTrades":1},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":5,"totalStockTrades":35,"concentrationPct":14,"distinctContractors":5,"topExposure":130423782565.85}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_118087","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 9 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on House Armed Services, which on 2025-04-01 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"118087","title":"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America","date":"2025-04-01T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118087"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118087","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_336775","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 11 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-04-03 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the posture of the United States European Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorizatio…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 11 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336775","title":"Hearings to examine the posture of the United States European Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for fiscal year 2026 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed hearing in SVC-217.","date":"2025-04-03T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336775"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336775","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_336772","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 9 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-04-01 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nomination of Lieutenant General John D. Caine (Retired), to be general and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, D…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336772","title":"Hearings to examine the nomination of Lieutenant General John D. Caine (Retired), to be general and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Defense.","date":"2025-04-01T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336772"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336772","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_336762","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LMT 4 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-03-27 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Troy Meink, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Duffey, of Virginia, to be Under S…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 4 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336762","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Troy Meink, of Virginia, to be Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Duffey, of Virginia, to be Under Secretary for Acquisition and Sustainment, Emil Michael, of Florida, to be Under Secretary for Research and Engineering, and Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-03-27T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336762"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336762","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_336743","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LMT 3 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"Open hearings to examine the United States Strategic Command and United States Space Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request …\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","eventId":"336743","title":"Open hearings to examine the United States Strategic Command and United States Space Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for fiscal year 2026 and Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2025-03-26T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336743"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336743","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_336741","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LMT 3 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"An oversight hearing to examine the status of the Military Service Academies.\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Personnel","eventId":"336741","title":"An oversight hearing to examine the status of the Military Service Academies.","date":"2025-03-26T18:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336741"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336741","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_336752","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NFLX 1 day after a Technology hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, which on 2025-03-25 held a hearing titled \"Closed hearings to examine harnessing artificial intelligence cyber capabilities; to be immediately followed by an open hearing at 3:30 p.m.…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","eventId":"336752","title":"Closed hearings to examine harnessing artificial intelligence cyber capabilities; to be immediately followed by an open hearing at 3:30 p.m. in SR-232A.","date":"2025-03-25T18:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336752"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336752","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_336748","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LMT 2 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-03-25 held a hearing titled \"To receive a closed briefing on the Department of Defense strategy on countering unmanned aerial systems.\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336748","title":"To receive a closed briefing on the Department of Defense strategy on countering unmanned aerial systems.","date":"2025-03-25T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336748"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336748","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_W000830_336704","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 12 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"George Whitesides sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine stabilizing the Military Health System to prepare for large-scale combat operations.\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"336704","title":"Hearings to examine stabilizing the Military Health System to prepare for large-scale combat operations.","date":"2025-03-11T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336704"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336704","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_W000830","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $85,000","explanation":"George Whitesides received campaign contributions totaling $85,000 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":85000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_W000830_2025-03-24","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"35 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-03-24 — 34 unique tickers","explanation":"George Whitesides executed 35 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-03-24 to 2025-03-27), spanning 34 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-03-24","windowEnd":"2025-03-27","tradeCount":35,"uniqueTickers":34,"totalDisclosedTrades":35,"sampleTickers":["MCD","RCL","V","HD","MSFT","LIN","JPM","NEE","INTC","LMT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000830","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 226 total findings across the platform","explanation":"George Whitesides appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 226 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: sap position against trade (155); trade near vote (16); insider front ran trade (10); hearing proximity trade (9); committee pac conflict (7).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":226,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P41_SAP_POSITION_AGAINST_TRADE","count":155},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":16},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000830","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_W000830","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Whitesides named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: WHITESIDES VICTORY FUND","explanation":"George Whitesides appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: WHITESIDES VICTORY FUND (C00842369, $1.2M receipts, treasurer PETTERSON, JAY). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.21,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00842369","name":"WHITESIDES VICTORY FUND","receipts":1205994.42,"treasurer":"PETTERSON, JAY","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842369/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842369/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00842369/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P140_W000830","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Whitesides disclosed 14 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL NFLX $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"George Whitesides has filed 14 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL NFLX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-03-27 · SELL INVA $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-03-25 · SELL MCD $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-03-24 · SELL RCL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-03-24.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":14,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":1700014,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","date":"2025-03-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"INVA","action":"SELL","date":"2025-03-25","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"RCL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2025-03-24","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_W000830","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Whitesides's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Labor ($0.06M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"George Whitesides's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Labor industry — $0.06M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.06M · Education $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Technology $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":40.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.06,"Education":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Technology":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA27111/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_W000830","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"George Whitesides triggers 152 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"George Whitesides accumulates 152 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":152,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_W000830_2025-03-24","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"George Whitesides — 32 trades on 2025-03-24","explanation":"George Whitesides disclosed 32 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-03-24). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-03-24","count":32}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_W000830","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Whitesides — 94% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (33/35)","explanation":"George Whitesides's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 94% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":35,"atBracket":33,"pct":"94.3"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_W000830","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Whitesides — 34 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"George Whitesides has traded 34 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":34,"sample":["PL","NFLX","INVA","MCD","RCL","V","HD","MSFT","LIN","JPM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001205":[{"id":"P1_M001205_f9ob91","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TXN 7d after SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded TXN (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P3_M001205_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 4 Defense bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":2,"sells":1,"netBuy":1,"total":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_M001205_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 73% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 8 times (73%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":8,"yesRate":73},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":3,"sells":1,"netBuy":2,"total":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_M001205_t04dab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,379,243 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AFFORDABLE CHICAGO NOW!","explanation":"AFFORDABLE CHICAGO NOW! spent $4,379,243 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 24 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00935049","name":"AFFORDABLE CHICAGO NOW!","support":4379242.74,"oppose":0,"events":24}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00935049/"]},{"id":"P6_M001205_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,320,837 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $1,320,837 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":1320836.88,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P6_M001205_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$949,288 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $949,288 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 22 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":949287.95,"oppose":0,"events":22}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_M001205_xa1efy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$311,942 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","explanation":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE spent $311,942 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00027466","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","support":311942,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00027466/"]},{"id":"P6_M001205_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$310,322 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $310,322 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":310321.81999999995,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_M001205_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$254,388 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $254,388 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 35 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":254387.99000000008,"oppose":0,"events":35}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P7_M001205_e1qezl","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,142,732 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,142,732 opposing this member across 239 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3142731.76,"totalSupport":7824238.430000001,"events":239,"topAttackers":[{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":996651.37},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":928276.89},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":886072.49},{"name":"PARTNERSHIP FOR AN OPIOD-FREE APPALACHIA","oppose":290000},{"name":"Working Families of Alaska","oppose":18194.2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001205_5wc4tw","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$139,461 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $139,461 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":139675.29,"oppose":214.11,"net":139461.18000000002,"events":64,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":127106.78000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006168","name":"MARYLAND STATE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":4365.34,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":1839.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":1345.29,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1096.28,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001205_140hmh","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $983,713 / spent $906,079","explanation":"This member sponsors 13 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00488155","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE AMERICAN NETWORK DELIVERING INCREASED CONGRESSIONAL EXCELLENCE (CANDICE-PAC)","year":"2010","totalReceipts":79900,"totalDisbursements":51613.4,"cashOnHand":28286.65},{"cmteId":"C00368571","cmteName":"ADVANCE THE MAJORITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":13000,"totalDisbursements":16157.6,"cashOnHand":1887.33},{"cmteId":"C00488155","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE AMERICAN NETWORK DELIVERING INCREASED CONGRESSIONAL EXCELLENCE (CANDICE-PAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":124805,"totalDisbursements":138164.9,"cashOnHand":14926.78},{"cmteId":"C00368571","cmteName":"ADVANCE THE MAJORITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":63000,"totalDisbursements":38710.7,"cashOnHand":26176.65},{"cmteId":"C00488155","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE AMERICAN NETWORK DELIVERING INCREASED CONGRESSIONAL EXCELLENCE (CANDICE-PAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":91039.8,"totalDisbursements":84299.1,"cashOnHand":21667.46}],"totalRaised":983712.7000000001,"totalSpent":906079.1999999998}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001205_ltu8hp","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"85% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $148,516 in itemized individual contributions, $126,266 (85%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":148516,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":1250,"$500-$999":2000,"$1000-$1999":19000,"$2000 and over":126266},"megaShare":85,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001205_TXN_2021-07-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-07-21 and 2021-07-28, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2021-07-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001205","name":"Carol Miller"}],"span":"2021-07-21 to 2021-07-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001205_BTI_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BTI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on BTI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BTI","date":"2019-01-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BTI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"M001199","name":"Brian Mast"},{"bioguideId":"M001205","name":"Carol Miller"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001205_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Carol Miller executed 10 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2025-03-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-03-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-03-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2021-11-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Administrative Simplification: Modifications of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Nati","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-02-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Administrative Simplification: Modifications of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Nati","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-02-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001205_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Carol Miller executed 4 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2025-03-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2025-03-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2021-07-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2020-07-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Technical Amendments to Commission Rules and Forms","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-02-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Technical Amendments to Commission Rules and Forms","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001205_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Carol Miller executed 3 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-11-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2022-08-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2020-08-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Official Seal Description","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2023-10-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment to the Definition of Unmanned Aircraft Accident","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2022-07-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001205_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Carol Miller executed 7 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","date":"2023-11-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2021-07-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2021-03-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-08-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; General Electric Company Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-10-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Department of State Acquisition Regulation; Safety Requirements","agency":"State Department","date":"2021-06-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001205_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Carol Miller executed 5 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2022-11-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2021-07-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2021-03-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2020-07-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revised Reporting Requirements Due to Catastrophic Conditions for Federal Seafood Dealers, Individual Fishing Quota Deal","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-10-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Coastal Migratory Pelagic Resources of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Region; 2020-2021 Commercial Closure for King Mac","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-06-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001205_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Carol Miller executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2021-11-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2021-07-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Government in the Sunshine Act","agency":"Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board","date":"2021-10-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Malpractice Claims by Members of the Uniformed Services; Correction","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2021-06-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_M001205_wwhmpp","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 11 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Carol Miller sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 11 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2025-03-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-03-10","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2818221.0700000003,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-03-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["National Transportation Safety Board","Department of Transportation","Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MCK","date":"2024-05-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":53069221.01000001,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2024-05-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001205_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 255d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (8 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":12,"avgGap":255,"buys":8,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":67,"avgGap":175}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001205_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 235d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (4 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":5,"avgGap":235,"buys":4,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":67,"avgGap":175}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001205_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare BUYs filed 283d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Healthcare (3 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":4,"avgGap":283,"buys":3,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":67,"avgGap":175}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001205","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"49% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 7.6× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 114 disclosed trades, 56 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 7.6× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":56,"total":114,"rate":49.1},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":7.63}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_M001205","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 6 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Carol Miller sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Defense, Finance, Transportation, Telecom, Technology, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":4},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":4},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":5},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001205","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"Carol Miller has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":27,"highSeverityCount":16,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001205_PG_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $PG 1 day after a corporate insider (Thomason David S.  (CIK 0001676160)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Thomason David S.  (CIK 0001676160)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001127602-21-009312","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001205_IRM_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IRM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $IRM 1 day after a corporate insider (Hytinen Barry  (CIK 0001613777)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IRM","filer":"Hytinen Barry  (CIK 0001613777)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001020569-21-000096","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001205_D_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $D 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $D 1 day after a corporate insider (SIMMS JAMES A  (CIK 0001254402)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"SIMMS JAMES A  (CIK 0001254402)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001254402-21-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001205_ABT_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $ABT 2 days after a corporate insider (BRYNELSEN CHARLES  (CIK 0001712459)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"BRYNELSEN CHARLES  (CIK 0001712459)","filingDate":"2021-03-02","adsh":"0001415889-21-001198","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001205_LHX_20211110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LHX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller sell $LHX 2 days after a corporate insider (Gautier Todd W.  (CIK 0001696061)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"Gautier Todd W.  (CIK 0001696061)","filingDate":"2021-11-08","adsh":"0001209191-21-063423","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001205_EOG_20231103","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EOG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $EOG 2 days after a corporate insider (Helms Lloyd W Jr  (CIK 0001576182)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EOG","filer":"Helms Lloyd W Jr  (CIK 0001576182)","filingDate":"2023-11-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-026514","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001205_UNP_20231103","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller sell $UNP 3 days after a corporate insider (Gehringer Eric J  (CIK 0001839176)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"Gehringer Eric J  (CIK 0001839176)","filingDate":"2023-10-31","adsh":"0000100885-23-000221","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001205_PFE_20250310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PFE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller sell $PFE 4 days after a corporate insider (McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"McDermott Michael  (CIK 0001902464)","filingDate":"2025-03-06","adsh":"0001225208-25-003070","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001205_ABT_20200728","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $ABT 5 days after a corporate insider (Salvadori Daniel Gesua Sive  (CIK 0001620564)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Salvadori Daniel Gesua Sive  (CIK 0001620564)","filingDate":"2020-07-23","adsh":"0001179110-20-008463","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_D_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $D 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $D 1 day before a corporate insider (Gerke Mark Raymond  (CIK 0001601016)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Gerke Mark Raymond  (CIK 0001601016)","filingDate":"2021-03-05","adsh":"0001567619-21-005699"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_ABT_20200728","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $ABT 3 days before a corporate insider (Abt John  (CIK 0001639197)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Abt John  (CIK 0001639197)","filingDate":"2020-07-31","adsh":"0001209191-20-044283"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_UPS_20220808","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UPS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $UPS 4 days before a corporate insider (Gutmann Kathleen M.  (CIK 0001611542)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"Gutmann Kathleen M.  (CIK 0001611542)","filingDate":"2022-08-12","adsh":"0001225208-22-009478"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_TGT_20250310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TGT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller sell $TGT 4 days before a corporate insider (LOZANO MONICA C  (CIK 0001179864)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGT","filer":"LOZANO MONICA C  (CIK 0001179864)","filingDate":"2025-03-14","adsh":"0000027419-25-000056"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_CLX_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CLX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $CLX 5 days before a corporate insider (Reynolds Eric H  (CIK 0001631391)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLX","filer":"Reynolds Eric H  (CIK 0001631391)","filingDate":"2021-03-09","adsh":"0001225208-21-004911"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_AMGN_20200728","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMGN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $AMGN 6 days before a corporate insider (MILES AMY E  (CIK 0001248617)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"MILES AMY E  (CIK 0001248617)","filingDate":"2020-08-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-022623"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_PG_20200728","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PG 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $PG 6 days before a corporate insider (PG&E Fire Victim Trust  (CIK 0001816434)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"PG&E Fire Victim Trust  (CIK 0001816434)","filingDate":"2020-08-03","adsh":"0000899243-20-021035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_JNJ_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JNJ 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $JNJ 7 days before a corporate insider (WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)","filingDate":"2021-03-11","adsh":"0001225208-21-005124"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_MO_20200728","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller sell $MO 7 days before a corporate insider (Daniel Karen L  (CIK 0001346985)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"Daniel Karen L  (CIK 0001346985)","filingDate":"2020-08-04","adsh":"0001127602-20-022693"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_D_20210728","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $D 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller sell $D 7 days before a corporate insider (Schultz Roderick A.  (CIK 0001872155)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Schultz Roderick A.  (CIK 0001872155)","filingDate":"2021-08-04","adsh":"0001872155-21-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_WM_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WM 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $WM 8 days before a corporate insider (Foran Joseph Wm  (CIK 0001540655)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WM","filer":"Foran Joseph Wm  (CIK 0001540655)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0001520006-21-000067"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_CSCO_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CSCO 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $CSCO 8 days before a corporate insider (Martinez Maria  (CIK 0001572528)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Martinez Maria  (CIK 0001572528)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-020232"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_HSY_20250310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HSY 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $HSY 8 days before a corporate insider (CRAWFORD VICTOR L.  (CIK 0001449780)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HSY","filer":"CRAWFORD VICTOR L.  (CIK 0001449780)","filingDate":"2025-03-18","adsh":"0001127602-25-009757"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_GILD_20250310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GILD 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $GILD 8 days before a corporate insider (Dickinson Andrew D  (CIK 0001310204)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GILD","filer":"Dickinson Andrew D  (CIK 0001310204)","filingDate":"2025-03-18","adsh":"0001127602-25-009796"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_MCD_20200728","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCD 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller buy $MCD 9 days before a corporate insider (Hoovel Catherine A.  (CIK 0001686304)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Hoovel Catherine A.  (CIK 0001686304)","filingDate":"2020-08-06","adsh":"0001567619-20-014389"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_T_20240508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller sell $T 9 days before a corporate insider (LI SUSAN J  (CIK 0001739092)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"LI SUSAN J  (CIK 0001739092)","filingDate":"2024-05-17","adsh":"0000950103-24-006848"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001205_DGX_20250310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DGX 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Carol Miller sell $DGX 9 days before a corporate insider (PREVOZNIK MICHAEL E  (CIK 0001222679)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DGX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DGX","filer":"PREVOZNIK MICHAEL E  (CIK 0001222679)","filingDate":"2025-03-19","adsh":"0001022079-25-000097"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P58_M001205","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$140K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 91% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Carol Miller received $139,675.29 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($127,106.78 = 91%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":139675.29,"oppose":214.11,"byYear":{"2010":32136.800000000003,"2012":82401.88000000002,"2014":285.33,"2018":9580.41,"2020":3945.73,"2022":2296.7799999999997,"2024":9711.689999999999},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":127106.78000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006168","name":"MARYLAND STATE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":4365.34,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006168/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":1839.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":1345.29,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1096.28,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P65_M001205_2020-07-28","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"28 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-07-28 — 28 unique tickers","explanation":"Carol Miller executed 28 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-07-28 to 2020-08-04), spanning 28 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-07-28","windowEnd":"2020-08-04","tradeCount":28,"uniqueTickers":28,"totalDisclosedTrades":114,"sampleTickers":["MDLZ","ABT","CLX","SPKE","AFL","HAL","PG","CSCO","USB","BECN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001205","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 56 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Carol Miller appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 56 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (17); insider followed trade (9); ie support concentration (6); reg rule trade proximity (6); net buy delayed disclosure (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":56,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":2},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001205","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_M001205","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carol Miller triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Carol Miller accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_M001205","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Carol Miller operates 4 distinct leadership PACs ($1.0M combined receipts)","explanation":"Carol Miller operates 4 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.0M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: CONSERVATIVE AMERICAN NETWORK DELIVERING INCREASED CONGRESSIONAL EXCELLENCE (CANDICE-PAC) (C00488155) · ADVANCE THE MAJORITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (C00368571) · CUT THE BULL PAC (C00691626) · VETS RISING (C00924399).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.98,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00488155","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE AMERICAN NETWORK DELIVERING INCREASED CONGRESSIONAL EXCELLENCE (CANDICE-PAC)"},{"cmteId":"C00368571","cmteName":"ADVANCE THE MAJORITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE"},{"cmteId":"C00691626","cmteName":"CUT THE BULL PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00924399","cmteName":"VETS RISING"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488155/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00368571/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00691626/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00924399/"]},{"id":"P178_M001205_2020-07-28","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carol Miller — 25 trades on 2020-07-28","explanation":"Carol Miller disclosed 25 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-07-28). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-07-28","count":25}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001205","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carol Miller — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (113/114)","explanation":"Carol Miller's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":114,"atBracket":113,"pct":"99.1"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001205","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carol Miller — 79 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Carol Miller has traded 79 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":79,"sample":["AFL","PEP","GILD","PFE","AWK","HON","ITW","LMT","HSY","USB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"K000375":[{"id":"P1_K000375_dmcdbl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMZN 3d BEFORE HR 6671 — \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 201…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 3 days of HR 6671 \"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012\", sponsored by Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-05-17","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6671","title":"Video Privacy Protection Act Amendments Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2024-05-20","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6]","sponsorBioguide":"G000289","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206671"]},{"id":"P7_K000375_wmq61p","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $677,730 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $677,730 opposing this member across 15 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":677730.44,"totalSupport":17499.59,"events":15,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":677730.44}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_K000375_rzbi0d","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$160,064 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $160,064 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":160064,"events":1,"byYear":{"2010":160064},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":160064,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000375_ebw9wt","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,651 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $66,651 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":66650.69000000002,"oppose":0,"net":66650.69000000002,"events":48,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":13608,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":11408.820000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":10231.24,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":9862.5,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002373","name":"MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":8334.89,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000375_NOW_2022-11-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NOW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-11-02 and 2022-11-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on NOW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2022-11-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NOW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"K000375","name":"William R. Keating"}],"span":"2022-11-02 to 2022-11-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000375_NOW_2022-11-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NOW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-11-03 and 2022-11-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on NOW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2022-11-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NOW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"K000375","name":"William R. Keating"}],"span":"2022-11-03 to 2022-11-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000375_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William R. Keating executed 25 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2025-02-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2025-01-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","date":"2025-01-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-01-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revisions to the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2025-01-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Interstate Commerce Commission Regulations; Removal of Chapter","agency":"Federal Register Office","date":"2024-12-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000375_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William R. Keating executed 6 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2024-02-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2024-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-04-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CACI","date":"2021-03-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Identification (ID) Cards for Members of the Uniformed Services, Their Dependents, and Other Eligible Individuals","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2024-02-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Identification (ID) Cards for Members of the Uniformed Services, Their Dependents, and Other Eligible Individuals","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2024-02-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000375_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William R. Keating executed 11 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","date":"2023-06-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2023-02-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","date":"2023-02-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2022-01-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 8G","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-05-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Global Magnitsky Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 3 and 4","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000375_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William R. Keating executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRTX","date":"2022-03-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2021-03-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"New Animal Drugs; Approval of New Animal Drug Applications; Withdrawal of Approval of a New Animal Drug Application; Cha","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; CY 2021 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Payment Policies","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-02-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000375_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William R. Keating executed 4 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2021-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SU","date":"2021-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SU","date":"2021-03-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2021-03-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds; Implementation of Vacatur","agency":"Homeland Security Department","date":"2021-03-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds; Implementation of Vacatur","agency":"Homeland Security Department","date":"2021-03-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000375_k5afit","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"William R. Keating campaign paid $2,286,735 to 38 surname-matched vendors, top: KEATING RESEARCH","explanation":"William R. Keating's campaign paid 156 disbursements totaling $2,286,735 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEATING RESEARCH","total":669750,"count":23,"samples":[{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH","amount":55000,"date":"2019-05-13","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH","amount":50000,"date":"2014-08-14","description":"RESEARCH SERVICES","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH","amount":46000,"date":"2014-10-21","description":"RESEARCH SERVICES","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEATING RESEARCH, INC.","total":581418.37,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH, INC.","amount":55000,"date":"2022-10-27","description":"RESEARCH CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH, INC.","amount":55000,"date":"2022-09-30","description":"RESEARCH CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH, INC.","amount":50000,"date":"2024-05-13","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEATING RESEARCH INC.","total":322500,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH INC.","amount":65000,"date":"2024-09-19","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH INC.","amount":50000,"date":"2024-08-08","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH INC.","amount":45000,"date":"2024-10-01","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'LEARY, JUAN","total":163127.23,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"O'LEARY, JUAN","amount":11301.03,"date":"2024-01-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"O'LEARY, JUAN","amount":10113.04,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"O'LEARY, JUAN","amount":10006.54,"date":"2024-02-09","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'LEARY, ANN","total":112206.19,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"O'LEARY, ANN","amount":28000,"date":"2016-01-22","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"O'LEARY, ANN","amount":21206.19,"date":"2015-10-02","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"O'LEARY, ANN","amount":21000,"date":"2016-07-14","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"leary","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE BILL KEATING COMMITTEE","total":86450,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"THE BILL KEATING COMMITTEE","amount":5400,"date":"2016-08-28","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THE BILL KEATING COMMITTEE","amount":5400,"date":"2017-04-23","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"THE BILL KEATING COMMITTEE","amount":5400,"date":"2018-03-31","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"keating","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KEATING%20RESEARCH"]},{"id":"P21_K000375_Consumer","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Consumer BUYs filed 34d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Consumer (4 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Consumer","count":7,"avgGap":34,"buys":4,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":72,"avgGap":25}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_K000375_Finance","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Finance BUYs filed 33d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Finance (9 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":11,"avgGap":33,"buys":9,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":72,"avgGap":25}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000375","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"William R. Keating has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_K000375_LOW_20240517","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $LOW 1 day after a corporate insider (MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"MARR JOHN S JR  (CIK 0001085536)","filingDate":"2024-05-16","adsh":"0001240085-24-000034","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_MCO_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $MCO 1 day after a corporate insider (HOWELL LLOYD JR  (CIK 0001505488)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCO","filer":"HOWELL LLOYD JR  (CIK 0001505488)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0001209191-21-020755","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_MDT_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MDT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $MDT 1 day after a corporate insider (PARKHILL KAREN L  (CIK 0001527660)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"PARKHILL KAREN L  (CIK 0001527660)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0001127602-21-010841","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_NXPI_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NXPI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $NXPI 1 day after a corporate insider (Kaeser Josef  (CIK 0001782602)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NXPI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NXPI","filer":"Kaeser Josef  (CIK 0001782602)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0001413447-21-000022","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_LRCX_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LRCX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $LRCX 1 day after a corporate insider (Meikle Scott Gerald  (CIK 0001715456)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Meikle Scott Gerald  (CIK 0001715456)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0000707549-21-000075","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_ACN_20250205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ACN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $ACN 1 day after a corporate insider (Macchi Mauro  (CIK 0002030855)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Macchi Mauro  (CIK 0002030855)","filingDate":"2025-02-04","adsh":"0001467373-25-000041","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_MCK_20230608","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $MCK 1 day after a corporate insider (TYLER BRIAN S.  (CIK 0001382297)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCK","filer":"TYLER BRIAN S.  (CIK 0001382297)","filingDate":"2023-06-07","adsh":"0001062993-23-013090","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_VEEV_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VEEV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $VEEV 1 day after a corporate insider (Lequient Frederic  (CIK 0001670015)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VEEV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VEEV","filer":"Lequient Frederic  (CIK 0001670015)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0001209191-21-020947","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_J_20240517","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $J 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $J 2 days after a corporate insider (FERTITTA FRANK J III  (CIK 0000941343)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"J","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"J","filer":"FERTITTA FRANK J III  (CIK 0000941343)","filingDate":"2024-05-15","adsh":"0000950170-24-060766","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_COF_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COF 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $COF 2 days after a corporate insider (FAIRBANK RICHARD D  (CIK 0001238032)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COF","filer":"FAIRBANK RICHARD D  (CIK 0001238032)","filingDate":"2021-03-15","adsh":"0000927628-21-000139","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_LRCX_20250124","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LRCX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $LRCX 3 days after a corporate insider (Mayer Bethany  (CIK 0001405693)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Mayer Bethany  (CIK 0001405693)","filingDate":"2025-01-21","adsh":"0000707549-25-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_GOOGL_20241031","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $GOOGL 3 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0000950170-24-117861","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_AMZN_20240517","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $AMZN 4 days after a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2024-05-13","adsh":"0001018724-24-000089","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_URI_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $URI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $URI 5 days after a corporate insider (Asplund Dale A  (CIK 0001518625)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"Asplund Dale A  (CIK 0001518625)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-020280","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000375_ROST_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ROST 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $ROST 5 days after a corporate insider (RENTLER BARBARA  (CIK 0001238947)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROST","filer":"RENTLER BARBARA  (CIK 0001238947)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0001179110-21-003311","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_BKNG_20230118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BKNG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $BKNG 1 day before a corporate insider (GOULDEN DAVID I  (CIK 0001189179)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"GOULDEN DAVID I  (CIK 0001189179)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0001415889-23-001204"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_NOW_20221109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NOW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $NOW 1 day before a corporate insider (ROSS AARON  (CIK 0001894635)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"ROSS AARON  (CIK 0001894635)","filingDate":"2022-11-10","adsh":"0001209191-22-056377"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_ABNB_20230118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABNB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $ABNB 1 day before a corporate insider (BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0000950170-23-000925"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_PNC_20230213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PNC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $PNC 1 day before a corporate insider (Reilly Robert Q  (CIK 0001454231)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNC","filer":"Reilly Robert Q  (CIK 0001454231)","filingDate":"2023-02-14","adsh":"0001209191-23-009611"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_URI_20240228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $URI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $URI 1 day before a corporate insider (Weinberg Uri  (CIK 0001811030)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"Weinberg Uri  (CIK 0001811030)","filingDate":"2024-02-29","adsh":"0001562180-24-001986"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_ROST_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ROST 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $ROST 1 day before a corporate insider (Marquette Travis  (CIK 0001784967)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROST","filer":"Marquette Travis  (CIK 0001784967)","filingDate":"2021-03-18","adsh":"0001179110-21-003584"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_MCO_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MCO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $MCO 2 days before a corporate insider (Seidman Leslie  (CIK 0001595268)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCO","filer":"Seidman Leslie  (CIK 0001595268)","filingDate":"2021-03-19","adsh":"0001209191-21-022049"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_MSFT_20210414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $MSFT 2 days before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2021-04-16","adsh":"0001062993-21-003692"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_GOOGL_20241031","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $GOOGL 4 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2024-11-04","adsh":"0000950170-24-121043"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_FISV_20220128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FISV 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $FISV 4 days before a corporate insider (Best Kenneth  (CIK 0001407947)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FISV","filer":"Best Kenneth  (CIK 0001407947)","filingDate":"2022-02-01","adsh":"0001209191-22-005991"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_ABNB_20240517","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABNB 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $ABNB 5 days before a corporate insider (Gebbia Joseph  (CIK 0001834171)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"Gebbia Joseph  (CIK 0001834171)","filingDate":"2024-05-22","adsh":"0000950170-24-063607"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_AMZN_20241031","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $AMZN 5 days before a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2024-11-05","adsh":"0001018724-24-000167"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_ADBE_20210610","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADBE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $ADBE 6 days before a corporate insider (Wadhwani David  (CIK 0001494665)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Wadhwani David  (CIK 0001494665)","filingDate":"2021-06-16","adsh":"0000796343-21-000143"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_MCK_20230608","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCK 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $MCK 6 days before a corporate insider (TYLER BRIAN S.  (CIK 0001382297)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCK","filer":"TYLER BRIAN S.  (CIK 0001382297)","filingDate":"2023-06-14","adsh":"0001062993-23-013491"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_CAT_20230921","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $CAT 6 days before a corporate insider (Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$848.75","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)","filingDate":"2023-09-27","adsh":"0001554795-23-000313"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_AZO_20240517","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AZO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating sell $AZO 7 days before a corporate insider (BEDSOLE JENNA M.  (CIK 0001972189)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AZO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AZO","filer":"BEDSOLE JENNA M.  (CIK 0001972189)","filingDate":"2024-05-24","adsh":"0001225208-24-006352"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_BAX_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BAX 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $BAX 7 days before a corporate insider (Stevens Brian  (CIK 0001557559)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAX","filer":"Stevens Brian  (CIK 0001557559)","filingDate":"2021-03-24","adsh":"0001557559-21-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_PG_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PG 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $PG 7 days before a corporate insider (Foster Christopher A  (CIK 0001825948)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Foster Christopher A  (CIK 0001825948)","filingDate":"2021-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-21-011952"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_VRTX_20220329","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VRTX 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $VRTX 7 days before a corporate insider (Sanna Bastiano  (CIK 0001829069)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRTX","filer":"Sanna Bastiano  (CIK 0001829069)","filingDate":"2022-04-05","adsh":"0000899243-22-013705"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_UNH_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $UNH 8 days before a corporate insider (RENWICK GLENN M  (CIK 0001198119)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"RENWICK GLENN M  (CIK 0001198119)","filingDate":"2021-03-25","adsh":"0001209191-21-023053"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_VRSN_20210414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VRSN 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $VRSN 8 days before a corporate insider (Indelicarto Thomas C  (CIK 0001624651)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRSN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRSN","filer":"Indelicarto Thomas C  (CIK 0001624651)","filingDate":"2021-04-22","adsh":"0001624651-21-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_MRK_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MRK 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $MRK 8 days before a corporate insider (Kramer Michael Robert  (CIK 0001744580)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Kramer Michael Robert  (CIK 0001744580)","filingDate":"2021-03-25","adsh":"0000907471-21-000059"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_URI_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $URI 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $URI 8 days before a corporate insider (Weinberg Uri  (CIK 0001811030)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"Weinberg Uri  (CIK 0001811030)","filingDate":"2021-03-25","adsh":"0001645113-21-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_CAT_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CAT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $CAT 9 days before a corporate insider (Johnson Gerald  (CIK 0001772226)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Johnson Gerald  (CIK 0001772226)","filingDate":"2021-03-26","adsh":"0000018230-21-000125"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000375_VEEV_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VEEV 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William R. Keating buy $VEEV 9 days before a corporate insider (Hedley Mary Lynne  (CIK 0001340823)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VEEV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VEEV","filer":"Hedley Mary Lynne  (CIK 0001340823)","filingDate":"2021-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-21-023244"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_K000375_Lockheed_Martin_Corporation_116356","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lockheed Martin Corporation testified before House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation — also a $7,500 donor","explanation":"William R. Keating sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation, which on 2023-09-20 held a hearing titled \"Industry Perspectives on Defense Innovation and Deterrence\". The witness Mr. James Taiclet (Lockheed Martin Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,500 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","eventId":"116356","title":"Industry Perspectives on Defense Innovation and Deterrence","date":"2023-09-20T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Taiclet","witnessOrg":"Lockheed Martin Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116356"},{"source":"donor","name":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EPAC","total":7500,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LOCKHEED%20MARTIN%20EPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116356","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LOCKHEED%20MARTIN%20EPAC"]},{"id":"P48_K000375_116955","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 14 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"William R. Keating sits on House Armed Services, which on 2024-03-12 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"116955","title":"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America","date":"2024-03-12T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116955"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116955","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_K000375_116917","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 9 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel","explanation":"William R. Keating sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel, which on 2024-03-07 held a hearing titled \"\"Department of Defense Monitoring of COVID-19\"\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel","eventId":"116917","title":"\"Department of Defense Monitoring of COVID-19\"","date":"2024-03-07T19:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116917"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116917","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_K000375_116894","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BA 2 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"William R. Keating sits on House Armed Services, which on 2024-02-29 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Defense Secretary Austin’s Unannounced Absence”\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"116894","title":"“A Review of Defense Secretary Austin’s Unannounced Absence”","date":"2024-02-29T15:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116894"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116894","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_K000375_116830","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 14 days before a Defense hearing in House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe","explanation":"William R. Keating sits on House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe, which on 2024-03-12 held a hearing titled \"Going Nuclear on Rosatom: Ending Global Dependence on Putin's Nuclear Energy Sector\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe","eventId":"116830","title":"Going Nuclear on Rosatom: Ending Global Dependence on Putin's Nuclear Energy Sector","date":"2024-03-12T18:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116830"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116830","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_K000375_335508","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 9 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"William R. Keating sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2024-03-07 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the posture of United States Central Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorization Req…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"335508","title":"Hearings to examine the posture of United States Central Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2025 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2024-03-07T15:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335508"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335508","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_K000375_335483","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BA 2 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"William R. Keating sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2024-02-29 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine United States Strategic Command and United States Space Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fisca…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"335483","title":"Hearings to examine United States Strategic Command and United States Space Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2025 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2024-02-29T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335483"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335483","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_K000375_335465","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BA 1 day before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"William R. Keating sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2024-02-28 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine evolving workforce dynamics and the challenges for defense acquisition and defense industrial base personnel.\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"335465","title":"Hearings to examine evolving workforce dynamics and the challenges for defense acquisition and defense industrial base personnel.","date":"2024-02-28T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335465"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335465","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_K000375_NOC","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $NOC — NORTHROP GRUMMAN's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"William R. Keating executed 1 reported trade in $NOC (NORTHROP GRUMMAN). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","parent":"NORTHROP GRUMMAN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","parent":"NORTHROP GRUMMAN","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=EMPLOYEES%20OF%20NORTHROP%20GRUMMAN%20CORPORATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=EMPLOYEES%20OF%20NORTHROP%20GRUMMAN%20CORPORATION%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_K000375","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$67K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 20% from COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","explanation":"William R. Keating received $66,650.69 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION ($13,608 = 20%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":66650.69000000002,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":42229.26000000001,"2012":10149.410000000002,"2014":14589.02},"corpCount":11},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":13608,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":11408.820000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":10231.24,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":9862.5,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002373","name":"MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":8334.89,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002373/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_K000375","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,500","explanation":"William R. Keating received campaign contributions totaling $90,500 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL  ($10,000); OCEAN SPRAY CRANBERRIES ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":90500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"OCEAN SPRAY CRANBERRIES, INC.  POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"OCEAN SPRAY CRANBERRIES","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_K000375_2021-03-17","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"39 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-03-17 — 39 unique tickers","explanation":"William R. Keating executed 39 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-03-17 to 2021-03-17), spanning 39 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-03-17","windowEnd":"2021-03-17","tradeCount":39,"uniqueTickers":39,"totalDisclosedTrades":104,"sampleTickers":["INTU","MSFT","CAT","CACI","NXPI","AZO","COF","CDW","LRCX","ROST"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_K000375","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 67 total findings across the platform","explanation":"William R. Keating appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 67 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (25); insider followed trade (15); hearing proximity trade (7); reg rule trade proximity (5); coordinated trade cluster (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":67,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":25},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000375","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_K000375","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"William R. Keating's campaign paid $778,445 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: KEATING RESEARCH ($669,750)","explanation":"William R. Keating's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 36 payments totaling $778,445 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KEATING RESEARCH ($669,750 across 23 payments, services: RESEARCH · RESEARCH SERVICES · POLLING). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014, 2020, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":778444.8200000001,"paymentCount":36,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KEATING RESEARCH","total":669750,"count":23,"descriptions":["RESEARCH","RESEARCH SERVICES","POLLING"]},{"payee":"KEATING, CHRISTOPHER","total":25000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLLING"]},{"payee":"AMERICAN EXPRESS RAY KEATING","total":21361.940000000002,"count":3,"descriptions":["COMPUTER SUPPLIES/HARDWARE","COMPUTER SERVICES"]},{"payee":"KEATING, BRANDYN","total":20000,"count":2,"descriptions":["DATA & ANALYTICS CONSULTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"KEATING, TOM","total":13000,"count":2,"descriptions":["COMPLIANCE AND OPERATIONS SERVICES"]}],"surname":"keating"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0MA10082&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_K000375","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"William R. Keating draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.1M PAC / $17.2M total)","explanation":"William R. Keating's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.1M of $17.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.17,"pacSharePct":47.3,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0MA10082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MA10082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_K000375","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William R. Keating executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL CVX (28d apart)","explanation":"William R. Keating has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL CVX 2021-03-17 → 2021-04-14 (28d) · BUY→SELL SU 2021-03-17 → 2021-04-14 (28d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"CVX","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-17","date2":"2021-04-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SU","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-17","date2":"2021-04-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_K000375","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William R. Keating triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"William R. Keating accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":21}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_K000375_2021-03-17","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"William R. Keating — 39 trades on 2021-03-17","explanation":"William R. Keating disclosed 39 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-03-17). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-03-17","count":39}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_K000375","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William R. Keating — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (103/104)","explanation":"William R. Keating's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":104,"atBracket":103,"pct":"99.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_K000375","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William R. Keating — 56 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"William R. Keating has traded 56 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":56,"sample":["BJ","PEP","ACN","MSFT","ARMK","LRCX","KLAC","CSGP","FI","AMZN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"G000590":[{"id":"P1_G000590_dc5wsb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 13d after SRES 181 — \"A resolution designating June 10, 2009, as \"Nation…\" · sponsor D-WA","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 13 days of SRES 181 \"A resolution designating June 10, 2009, as \"National Pipeline Safety Day\".\", sponsored by Sen. Murray, Patty [D-WA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2023-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 181","title":"A resolution designating June 10, 2009, as \"National Pipeline Safety Day\".","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. Murray, Patty [D-WA]","sponsorBioguide":"M001111","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"WA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20181"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_x4n7wz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 0d BEFORE HRES 1362 — \"Impeaching Joseph R. Biden, President of the Unite…\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 0 days of HRES 1362 \"Impeaching Joseph R. Biden, President of the United States, for endangering, com\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2022-12-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 1362","title":"Impeaching Joseph R. Biden, President of the United States, for endangering, compromising, and undermining the energy se","introducedDate":"2022-12-29","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%201362"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_2ud6a1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 14d after S 3480 — \"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the…\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 14 days of S 3480 \"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the nuclear forces of the United S\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2022-10-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3480","title":"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the nuclear forces of the United States.","introducedDate":"2022-09-30","daysDiff":14}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203480"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_e4ll4g","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 2d BEFORE S 3480 — \"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the…\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 2 days of S 3480 \"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the nuclear forces of the United S\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2022-09-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3480","title":"A bill to prohibit the use of funds to reduce the nuclear forces of the United States.","introducedDate":"2022-09-30","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203480"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_s9xj44","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ET 1d after HR 1630 — \"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act t…\" · sponsor D-GU","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 1 days of HR 1630 \"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act to include the Territory of Gua\", sponsored by Del. Bordallo, Madeleine Z. [D-GU-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2022-02-09","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1630","title":"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act to include the Territory of Guam in the list of affected areas with res","introducedDate":"2022-02-08","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Del. Bordallo, Madeleine Z. [D-GU-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"B001245","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GU","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201630"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_tdbf0a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ET 1d BEFORE HR 1630 — \"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act t…\" · sponsor D-GU","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 1 days of HR 1630 \"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act to include the Territory of Gua\", sponsored by Del. Bordallo, Madeleine Z. [D-GU-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2022-02-07","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1630","title":"To amend the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act to include the Territory of Guam in the list of affected areas with res","introducedDate":"2022-02-08","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Del. Bordallo, Madeleine Z. [D-GU-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"B001245","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GU","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201630"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_uwisxm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ET 6d BEFORE S 3109 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naph…\" · sponsor D-NC","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 6 days of S 3109 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[\", sponsored by Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2022-01-28","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3109","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[carbonylbis(imino-4,1-phenylene-2,1-diaz","introducedDate":"2022-02-03","daysDiff":-6,"sponsorName":"Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC]","sponsorBioguide":"H001049","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203109"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_pg6yth","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ET 7d BEFORE S 3109 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naph…\" · sponsor D-NC","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 7 days of S 3109 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[\", sponsored by Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2022-01-27","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3109","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,3'-[carbonylbis(imino-4,1-phenylene-2,1-diaz","introducedDate":"2022-02-03","daysDiff":-7,"sponsorName":"Sen. Hagan, Kay R. [D-NC]","sponsorBioguide":"H001049","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203109"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_t9cqx1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PAA 9d after S 2041 — \"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project…\" · sponsor R-ND","explanation":"Member traded PAA (Energy) within 9 days of S 2041 \"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project and provide for environmental\", sponsored by Sen. Hoeven, John [R-ND].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAA","date":"2021-12-29","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2041","title":"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project and provide for environmental protection and government oversight.","introducedDate":"2021-12-20","daysDiff":9,"sponsorName":"Sen. Hoeven, John [R-ND]","sponsorBioguide":"H001061","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"ND","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202041"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_50va31","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 2d after S 2041 — \"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project…\" · sponsor R-ND","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 2 days of S 2041 \"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project and provide for environmental\", sponsored by Sen. Hoeven, John [R-ND].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2021-12-22","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2041","title":"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project and provide for environmental protection and government oversight.","introducedDate":"2021-12-20","daysDiff":2,"sponsorName":"Sen. Hoeven, John [R-ND]","sponsorBioguide":"H001061","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"ND","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202041"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_jp9kb2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ET 1d after S 2041 — \"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project…\" · sponsor R-ND","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 1 days of S 2041 \"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project and provide for environmental\", sponsored by Sen. Hoeven, John [R-ND].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2021-12-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2041","title":"A bill to approve the Keystone XL pipeline project and provide for environmental protection and government oversight.","introducedDate":"2021-12-20","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Sen. Hoeven, John [R-ND]","sponsorBioguide":"H001061","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"ND","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202041"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_6cdff5","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ET 7d after SRES 287 — \"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"Nati…\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 7 days of SRES 287 \"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Da\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2020-10-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 287","title":"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day\".","introducedDate":"2020-09-28","daysDiff":7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20287"]},{"id":"P1_G000590_ff4k0r","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ET 12d BEFORE SRES 287 — \"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"Nati…\"","explanation":"Member traded ET (Energy) within 12 days of SRES 287 \"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Da\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2020-09-16","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 287","title":"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day\".","introducedDate":"2020-09-28","daysDiff":-12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20287"]},{"id":"P11_G000590_6idjx1","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $4,418,934 in itemized individual contributions, $2,687,183 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4418934,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-206399,"$200.01-$499":230520,"$500-$999":528615,"$1000-$1999":1179015,"$2000 and over":2687183},"megaShare":60.8,"smallDonorShare":-4.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000590_kr9gtj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,900 donation spike on 2025-07-31 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-07-31 this committee recorded $54,900 across 19 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,005.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658385","date":"2025-07-31","amount":54900,"count":19,"baseline":5005,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658385/"]},{"id":"P17_G000590_AAL_2021-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-03-16 and 2021-03-23, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-03-16","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000590","name":"Mark E. Green"},{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"F000246","name":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon"}],"span":"2021-03-16 to 2021-03-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000590_AAL_2021-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-03-18 and 2021-03-24, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-03-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"F000246","name":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon"},{"bioguideId":"G000590","name":"Mark E. Green"}],"span":"2021-03-18 to 2021-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000590_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mark E. Green executed 82 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2023-12-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2023-08-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2023-07-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2023-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Atlantic Ocean, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2023-11-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Class C Airspace; Daytona Beach International Airport, Daytona Beach, FL","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-07-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000590_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mark E. Green executed 5 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UAL","date":"2021-08-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":1,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-03-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-12,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UAL","date":"2021-03-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-12,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UAL","date":"2021-03-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2021 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-08-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Montana Rail Link, Inc.-Petition for Rulemaking-Classification of Carriers","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000590_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mark E. Green executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACST","date":"2021-03-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; CY 2021 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Payment Policies","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-02-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_G000590_si4jzx","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74 trades in ET (Energy) — 12% of this member's 610 total trades","explanation":"Mark E. Green has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"ET","count":74,"buys":41,"sells":33,"sector":"Energy","firstDate":"2020-06-10","lastDate":"2023-12-06"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NGL","count":69,"buys":39,"sells":30,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2020-06-10","lastDate":"2025-02-28"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"USAC","count":49,"buys":40,"sells":9,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2020-06-10","lastDate":"2022-04-18"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"SHLX","count":36,"buys":30,"sells":6,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2020-08-10","lastDate":"2021-12-22"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AM","count":35,"buys":24,"sells":11,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2020-06-10","lastDate":"2022-02-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000590","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Mark E. Green has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_G000590_CAPL_20200701","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in CAPL 21 days before FTC action","explanation":"Mark E. Green traded CAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2020-07-01","title":"Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. and CrossAmerica Partners LP Agree to Pay $3.5 Million Civil Penalty to Settle FTC Allegations that they Violated 2018 Order","penalty":3500000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/07/alimentation-couche-tard-inc-crossamerica-partners-lp-agree-pay-35-million-civil-penalty-settle-ftc"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/07/alimentation-couche-tard-inc-crossamerica-partners-lp-agree-pay-35-million-civil-penalty-settle-ftc"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_ET_20230517","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ET 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $ET 1 day after a corporate insider (WARREN KELCY L  (CIK 0001276191)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"WARREN KELCY L  (CIK 0001276191)","filingDate":"2023-05-16","adsh":"0001209191-23-029641","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_ET_20210811","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ET 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $ET 1 day after a corporate insider (WARREN KELCY L  (CIK 0001276191)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"WARREN KELCY L  (CIK 0001276191)","filingDate":"2021-08-10","adsh":"0001209191-21-050651","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_NGL_20211117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NGL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $NGL 1 day after a corporate insider (GUDERIAN BRYAN K  (CIK 0001218401)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NGL","filer":"GUDERIAN BRYAN K  (CIK 0001218401)","filingDate":"2021-11-16","adsh":"0001104659-21-140126","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_ENB_20210924","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ENB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $ENB 1 day after a corporate insider (Bitner Rachel G  (CIK 0001881235)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENB","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENB","filer":"Bitner Rachel G  (CIK 0001881235)","filingDate":"2021-09-23","adsh":"0001881235-21-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_NS_20210219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $NS 1 day after a corporate insider (LUND STEVEN  (CIK 0001033942)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NS","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NS","filer":"LUND STEVEN  (CIK 0001033942)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001021561-21-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_PAA_20210401","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PAA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $PAA 1 day after a corporate insider (Plains All American GP LLC  (CIK 0001490402)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAA","filer":"Plains All American GP LLC  (CIK 0001490402)","filingDate":"2021-03-31","adsh":"0001615619-21-000025","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_USAC_20220106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $USAC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $USAC 1 day after a corporate insider (Smith W Brett  (CIK 0001669774)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USAC","filer":"Smith W Brett  (CIK 0001669774)","filingDate":"2022-01-05","adsh":"0001669774-22-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_USAC_20210505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $USAC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $USAC 1 day after a corporate insider (Smith W Brett  (CIK 0001669774)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USAC","filer":"Smith W Brett  (CIK 0001669774)","filingDate":"2021-05-04","adsh":"0001669774-21-000007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_ENLC_20210707","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ENLC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $ENLC 1 day after a corporate insider (Adams Deborah G  (CIK 0001721563)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENLC","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENLC","filer":"Adams Deborah G  (CIK 0001721563)","filingDate":"2021-07-06","adsh":"0001104659-21-089527","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_BKEP_20210312","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BKEP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $BKEP 1 day after a corporate insider (McLanahan Michael G  (CIK 0001772009)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKEP","filer":"McLanahan Michael G  (CIK 0001772009)","filingDate":"2021-03-11","adsh":"0001437749-21-005738","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_BKEP_20200708","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BKEP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $BKEP 1 day after a corporate insider (Woodward D Andrew  (CIK 0001754330)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKEP","filer":"Woodward D Andrew  (CIK 0001754330)","filingDate":"2020-07-07","adsh":"0001437749-20-014768","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_SHLX_20210811","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SHLX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $SHLX 1 day after a corporate insider (Ledbetter Steven  (CIK 0001733110)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHLX","filer":"Ledbetter Steven  (CIK 0001733110)","filingDate":"2021-08-10","adsh":"0000899243-21-032362","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_NGL_20210218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NGL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $NGL 2 days after a corporate insider (GUDERIAN BRYAN K  (CIK 0001218401)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NGL","filer":"GUDERIAN BRYAN K  (CIK 0001218401)","filingDate":"2021-02-16","adsh":"0001104659-21-023056","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_NGL_20200611","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NGL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $NGL 2 days after a corporate insider (Ciolek John  (CIK 0001801995)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NGL","filer":"Ciolek John  (CIK 0001801995)","filingDate":"2020-06-09","adsh":"0001104659-20-071543","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_NS_20210212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $NS 2 days after a corporate insider (GREEHEY WILLIAM E  (CIK 0001015543)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NS","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NS","filer":"GREEHEY WILLIAM E  (CIK 0001015543)","filingDate":"2021-02-10","adsh":"0001015543-21-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_PAA_20220106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PAA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $PAA 2 days after a corporate insider (Plains All American GP LLC  (CIK 0001490402)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAA","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAA","filer":"Plains All American GP LLC  (CIK 0001490402)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001062993-22-000329","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_ENLC_20210520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ENLC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $ENLC 2 days after a corporate insider (Enfield Holdings, L.P.  (CIK 0001663204)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENLC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENLC","filer":"Enfield Holdings, L.P.  (CIK 0001663204)","filingDate":"2021-05-18","adsh":"0001387131-21-005795","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_AM_20210506","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $AM 2 days after a corporate insider (GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AM","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AM","filer":"GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)","filingDate":"2021-05-04","adsh":"0001209191-21-029994","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_AM_20210415","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $AM 2 days after a corporate insider (GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AM","filer":"GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)","filingDate":"2021-04-13","adsh":"0001209191-21-026431","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_SHLX_20210819","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SHLX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $SHLX 2 days after a corporate insider (Guillory Sean  (CIK 0001848287)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHLX","filer":"Guillory Sean  (CIK 0001848287)","filingDate":"2021-08-17","adsh":"0000899243-21-033348","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_MPLX_20200806","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MPLX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $MPLX 2 days after a corporate insider (Marathon Petroleum Corp  (MPC)  (CIK 0001510295)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPLX","filer":"Marathon Petroleum Corp  (MPC)  (CIK 0001510295)","filingDate":"2020-08-04","adsh":"0001209191-20-044671","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_GEL_20200708","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GEL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $GEL 2 days after a corporate insider (JASTROW KENNETH M II  (CIK 0001041966)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GEL","filer":"JASTROW KENNETH M II  (CIK 0001041966)","filingDate":"2020-07-06","adsh":"0001022321-20-000075","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_SMLP_20200610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SMLP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $SMLP 2 days after a corporate insider (McNally Robert Joseph  (CIK 0001351732)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SMLP","filer":"McNally Robert Joseph  (CIK 0001351732)","filingDate":"2020-06-08","adsh":"0001209191-20-035066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_DCP_20200806","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DCP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $DCP 2 days after a corporate insider (MATHER COURTNEY  (CIK 0001608717)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DCP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DCP","filer":"MATHER COURTNEY  (CIK 0001608717)","filingDate":"2020-08-04","adsh":"0000814453-20-000212","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_USAC_20201211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $USAC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $USAC 3 days after a corporate insider (LONG ERIC D  (CIK 0001265643)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USAC","filer":"LONG ERIC D  (CIK 0001265643)","filingDate":"2020-12-08","adsh":"0001265643-20-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000590_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+22 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Mark E. Green accumulated 47 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 22 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":22,"totalRaw":47}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_ET_20230627","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $ET 1 day before a corporate insider (Chione Ltd  (CIK 0001590232)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"Chione Ltd  (CIK 0001590232)","filingDate":"2023-06-28","adsh":"0001213900-23-052442"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_ET_20230126","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $ET 1 day before a corporate insider (CAISSE DE DEPOT ET PLACEMENT DU QUEBEC  (CIK 0000898286)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"CAISSE DE DEPOT ET PLACEMENT DU QUEBEC  (CIK 0000898286)","filingDate":"2023-01-27","adsh":"0000950142-23-000228"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_ET_20210811","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $ET 1 day before a corporate insider (WARREN KELCY L  (CIK 0001276191)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"WARREN KELCY L  (CIK 0001276191)","filingDate":"2021-08-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-051160"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_ET_20210512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $ET 1 day before a corporate insider (Washburne Ray W  (CIK 0001365562)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"Washburne Ray W  (CIK 0001365562)","filingDate":"2021-05-13","adsh":"0001209191-21-032421"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_NGL_20210506","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $NGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Karlovich Robert W III  (CIK 0001476825)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NGL","filer":"Karlovich Robert W III  (CIK 0001476825)","filingDate":"2021-05-07","adsh":"0001104659-21-063204"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_NS_20210901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $NS 1 day before a corporate insider (Grier Eddie Arthur  (CIK 0001576221)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NS","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NS","filer":"Grier Eddie Arthur  (CIK 0001576221)","filingDate":"2021-09-02","adsh":"0001110805-21-000057"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_PBFX_20210914","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PBFX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $PBFX 1 day before a corporate insider (Jones Bruce A.  (CIK 0001606819)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PBFX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PBFX","filer":"Jones Bruce A.  (CIK 0001606819)","filingDate":"2021-09-15","adsh":"0001209191-21-056112"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_SRLP_20201022","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SRLP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $SRLP 1 day before a corporate insider (Scoff Paul A.  (CIK 0001538484)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SRLP","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SRLP","filer":"Scoff Paul A.  (CIK 0001538484)","filingDate":"2020-10-23","adsh":"0001538484-20-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_BKEP_20210310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BKEP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $BKEP 1 day before a corporate insider (McLanahan Michael G  (CIK 0001772009)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKEP","filer":"McLanahan Michael G  (CIK 0001772009)","filingDate":"2021-03-11","adsh":"0001437749-21-005738"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_ET_20230718","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ET 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $ET 2 days before a corporate insider (FROST PHILLIP MD ET AL  (CIK 0000898860)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"FROST PHILLIP MD ET AL  (CIK 0000898860)","filingDate":"2023-07-20","adsh":"0001493152-23-025086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_ET_20220406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ET 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $ET 2 days before a corporate insider (Grimm Michael K  (CIK 0001349124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"Grimm Michael K  (CIK 0001349124)","filingDate":"2022-04-08","adsh":"0001209191-22-023892"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_NGL_20201110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NGL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $NGL 2 days before a corporate insider (COLLINGSWORTH JAMES M  (CIK 0001206714)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NGL","filer":"COLLINGSWORTH JAMES M  (CIK 0001206714)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001104659-20-124222"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_AM_20210407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $AM 2 days before a corporate insider (MPM BIOVENTURES 2018, L.P.  (CIK 0001729505)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AM","filer":"MPM BIOVENTURES 2018, L.P.  (CIK 0001729505)","filingDate":"2021-04-09","adsh":"0001209191-21-026212"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_PBFX_20201110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PBFX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $PBFX 2 days before a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PBFX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PBFX","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001140361-20-025404"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_MPLX_20211108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MPLX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $MPLX 2 days before a corporate insider (Floerke Gregory Scott  (CIK 0001313785)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPLX","filer":"Floerke Gregory Scott  (CIK 0001313785)","filingDate":"2021-11-10","adsh":"0001209191-21-063794"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_MPLX_20210301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MPLX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $MPLX 2 days before a corporate insider (Templin Donald C.  (CIK 0001521739)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPLX","filer":"Templin Donald C.  (CIK 0001521739)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-017501"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_DCP_20200708","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DCP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $DCP 2 days before a corporate insider (PETERS JERRY L  (CIK 0001237636)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DCP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DCP","filer":"PETERS JERRY L  (CIK 0001237636)","filingDate":"2020-07-10","adsh":"0001209191-20-042182"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_ENLC_20210119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ENLC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $ENLC 3 days before a corporate insider (DAVIS BARRY E  (CIK 0001209814)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENLC","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENLC","filer":"DAVIS BARRY E  (CIK 0001209814)","filingDate":"2021-01-22","adsh":"0001104659-21-006751"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_AM_20210119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $AM 3 days before a corporate insider (EVNIN LUKE  (CIK 0001134657)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AM","filer":"EVNIN LUKE  (CIK 0001134657)","filingDate":"2021-01-22","adsh":"0001209191-21-004983"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_AM_20201005","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $AM 3 days before a corporate insider (GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AM","filer":"GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)","filingDate":"2020-10-08","adsh":"0001209191-20-054322"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_BPMP_20210301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BPMP 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $BPMP 3 days before a corporate insider (Joy Michele F  (CIK 0001623190)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BPMP","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BPMP","filer":"Joy Michele F  (CIK 0001623190)","filingDate":"2021-03-04","adsh":"0000899243-21-009976"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_SMLP_20200707","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SMLP 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $SMLP 3 days before a corporate insider (PETERS JERRY L  (CIK 0001237636)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SMLP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SMLP","filer":"PETERS JERRY L  (CIK 0001237636)","filingDate":"2020-07-10","adsh":"0001209191-20-042182"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_NS_20210219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $NS 4 days before a corporate insider (Munch Robert J  (CIK 0001664807)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NS","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NS","filer":"Munch Robert J  (CIK 0001664807)","filingDate":"2021-02-23","adsh":"0001664807-21-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_BKEP_20210312","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BKEP 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green sell $BKEP 4 days before a corporate insider (Bradshaw Steven M  (CIK 0001477405)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKEP","filer":"Bradshaw Steven M  (CIK 0001477405)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0001437749-21-006115"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_SPH_20200611","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPH 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark E. Green buy $SPH 4 days before a corporate insider (WGL Capital LLC  (CIK 0001547324)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPH","filer":"WGL Capital LLC  (CIK 0001547324)","filingDate":"2020-06-15","adsh":"0000921895-20-001779"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000590_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+48 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Mark E. Green accumulated 73 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 48 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":48,"totalRaw":73}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P65_G000590_2020-08-04","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-08-04 — 21 unique tickers","explanation":"Mark E. Green executed 56 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-08-04 to 2020-08-11), spanning 21 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-08-04","windowEnd":"2020-08-11","tradeCount":56,"uniqueTickers":21,"totalDisclosedTrades":610,"sampleTickers":["PBFX","GMLP","GLP","CEQP","MPLX","WES","USAC","GLOP","NBLX","ET"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000590","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 76 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mark E. Green appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 76 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); trade near vote (13); reg rule trade proximity (3); coordinated trade cluster (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":76,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":13},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000590","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_G000590","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark E. Green disclosed 233 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 102 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL NGL $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Mark E. Green has filed 233 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 102 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL NGL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2025-02-18 · SELL NGL $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-02-03 · SELL NGL $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2025-01-30 · SELL NGL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-09-30.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":233,"veryHighCount":102,"lowerBoundSum":48350233,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"NGL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-02-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-01-30","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","action":"SELL","date":"2024-09-30","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","action":"SELL","date":"2024-06-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-07","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_G000590","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark E. Green executed 95 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL NGL (24d apart)","explanation":"Mark E. Green has 95 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL NGL 2020-09-11 → 2020-10-05 (24d) · SELL→BUY NGL 2020-10-05 → 2020-10-15 (10d) · BUY→SELL NGL 2021-01-19 → 2021-02-18 (30d) · SELL→BUY NGL 2021-03-04 → 2021-03-17 (13d) · BUY→SELL ET 2020-12-10 → 2020-12-11 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":95,"samples":[{"ticker":"NGL","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-09-11","date2":"2020-10-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","days":10,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-10-05","date2":"2020-10-15","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-19","date2":"2021-02-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NGL","days":13,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-03-04","date2":"2021-03-17","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ET","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-12-10","date2":"2020-12-11","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ET","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-04-07","date2":"2021-04-15","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ET","days":18,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-04-15","date2":"2021-05-03","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ET","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-05-27","date2":"2021-06-10","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_G000590","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark E. Green triggers 24 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mark E. Green accumulates 24 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":24,"distinctDetectorTypes":14}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_G000590_2020-06-10","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark E. Green — 33 trades on 2020-06-10","explanation":"Mark E. Green disclosed 33 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-06-10). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-06-10","count":33}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000590","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark E. Green — 39 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Mark E. Green has traded 39 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":39,"sample":["NGL","ET","SPY","USAC","ETRN","ENLC","AM","KNOP","PBFX","SRLP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_G000590_ET","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark E. Green — 74 disclosed trades in single ticker ET","explanation":"Mark E. Green traded ET on 74 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the ET trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"ET","count":74}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"G000599":[{"id":"P1_G000599_bfsx38","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SPGI 1d BEFORE HR 213 — \"To prohibit the use of Federal financial assistanc…\"","explanation":"Member traded SPGI (Finance) within 1 days of HR 213 \"To prohibit the use of Federal financial assistance for a certain high-speed rai\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2025-02-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 213","title":"To prohibit the use of Federal financial assistance for a certain high-speed rail development project in the State of Ca","introducedDate":"2025-02-12","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20213"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_mz2jyp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NOC 14d BEFORE HR 9578 — \"To provide that Donald J. Trump is ineligible to a…\"","explanation":"Member traded NOC (Defense) within 14 days of HR 9578 \"To provide that Donald J. Trump is ineligible to again hold the Office of Presid\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2023-07-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 9578","title":"To provide that Donald J. Trump is ineligible to again hold the Office of President of the United States or to hold any ","introducedDate":"2023-08-02","daysDiff":-14}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%209578"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_68ss98","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY GOOGL 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded GOOGL (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_46l5ba","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CRM 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded CRM (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_u6ontw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_nljhks","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY INTC 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_xbeupv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ABNB 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded ABNB (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_lye5no","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY RBLX 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded RBLX (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_tf4sjo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_xg6jqc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TSLA 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded TSLA (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P1_G000599_ptehu0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AMZN 13d after S 4751 — \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for pu…\"","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 13 days of S 4751 \"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2023-01-31","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 4751","title":"A bill to revise the definition of a broker for purposes of certain reporting requirements with respect to digital asset","introducedDate":"2023-01-18","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%204751"]},{"id":"P2_G000599_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $90,800 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Dan Goldman serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $90,800 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":90800,"count":26,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Homeland Security","Judiciary","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Goldman","http://goldman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_G000599_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dan Goldman serves on committees regulating Defense (Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Homeland Security","Judiciary","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Goldman","http://goldman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P10_G000599_yc2p22","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $202,000 / spent $133,082","explanation":"This member sponsors 1 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00826297","cmteName":"DEMOCRACY ACTION NOW PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":202000,"totalDisbursements":133081.5,"cashOnHand":68918.55}],"totalRaised":202000,"totalSpent":133081.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000599_z1lmvd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"78% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $6,495,296 in itemized individual contributions, $5,061,299 (78%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6495296,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-162142,"$200.01-$499":199589,"$500-$999":367315,"$1000-$1999":1029235,"$2000 and over":5061299},"megaShare":77.9,"smallDonorShare":-2.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000599_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2544 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,552,963 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2544× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,552,963. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":2544,"total":1552963,"years":["2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000599_945gia","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,815 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 14.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $94,815 across 32 contributions — 14.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,480.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00816660","date":"2025-09-30","amount":94815,"count":32,"baseline":6480,"ratio":14.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816660/"]},{"id":"P15_G000599_k8p0wd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,375 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $74,375 across 37 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,242.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00816660","date":"2023-06-30","amount":74375,"count":37,"baseline":11242,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816660/"]},{"id":"P15_G000599_yx216u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,900 donation spike on 2022-08-18 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-18 this committee recorded $72,900 across 52 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,028.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00816660","date":"2022-08-18","amount":72900,"count":52,"baseline":11028,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816660/"]},{"id":"P15_G000599_k8p0wz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,800 donation spike on 2023-06-29 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-29 this committee recorded $56,800 across 24 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,832.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00816660","date":"2023-06-29","amount":56800,"count":24,"baseline":8832,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816660/"]},{"id":"P15_G000599_yx216x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,721 donation spike on 2022-08-15 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-15 this committee recorded $52,721 across 71 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,568.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00816660","date":"2022-08-15","amount":52721,"count":71,"baseline":8568,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816660/"]},{"id":"P17_G000599_NEE_2023-01-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-25 and 2023-01-31, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-01-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-01-25 to 2023-01-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000599_ABBV_2023-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ABBV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-04-03 and 2023-04-10, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ABBV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2023-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABBV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-04-03 to 2023-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000599_LLY_2023-01-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-27 and 2023-02-03, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-01-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-01-27 to 2023-02-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000599_LLY_2023-01-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-31 and 2023-02-07, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-01-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-01-31 to 2023-02-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000599_LLY_2023-02-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-02-02 and 2023-02-07, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-02-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000601","name":"Greg Landsman"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-02-02 to 2023-02-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000599_ENPH_2023-04-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENPH within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-04-06 and 2023-04-10, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on ENPH. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENPH","date":"2023-04-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENPH","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-04-06 to 2023-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000599_FRC_2023-03-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold FRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-15 and 2023-03-20, 4 members took the same direction on FRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FRC","date":"2023-03-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FRC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2023-03-15 to 2023-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000599_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"50 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Goldman executed 50 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2025-02-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CFG","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Rules of Practice for Hearings","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-01-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Technical Amendments to Commission Rules and Forms","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2023-06-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000599_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Goldman executed 10 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2023-07-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2023-06-30"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2023-06-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000599_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"56 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Goldman executed 56 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2023-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2023-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2023-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of the Vaccine Requirements for Head Start Programs","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Children and Families Administration","date":"2023-06-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of the Vaccine Requirements for Head Start Programs","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Children and Families Administration","date":"2023-06-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000599_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"50 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Goldman executed 50 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2023-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TEAM","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STX","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additions of Entities to the Entity List and Removal of Entity From the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-06-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additions of Entities to the Entity List and Removal of Entity From the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-06-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000599_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Goldman executed 21 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OGS","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAL","date":"2023-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCEL","date":"2023-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations To Implement the Big Cat Public Safety Act","agency":"Interior Department, Fish and Wildlife Service","date":"2023-06-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations To Implement the Big Cat Public Safety Act","agency":"Interior Department, Fish and Wildlife Service","date":"2023-06-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000599_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Goldman executed 4 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2023-07-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2023-01-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-01-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UAL","date":"2023-01-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2023-08-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Offer Rate Review; Expanding Access to Rate Relief","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2023-01-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000599_cqfmm4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Goldman campaign paid $7,272,276 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","explanation":"Dan Goldman's campaign paid 166 disbursements totaling $7,272,276 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","total":2769673.8300000005,"count":27,"samples":[{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","amount":401114.17,"date":"2018-12-31","description":"CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","amount":348769.17,"date":"2020-03-31","description":"CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","amount":265509.32,"date":"2011-09-30","description":"DECREASE IN MARKET VALUE","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO","total":2026965.06,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO","amount":2000000,"date":"2008-05-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO","amount":26965.06,"date":"2008-05-15","description":"INTEREST","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BELKIN BURDEN GOLDMAN LLP","total":653504.5,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"BELKIN BURDEN GOLDMAN LLP","amount":321000,"date":"2022-11-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BELKIN BURDEN GOLDMAN LLP","amount":143000,"date":"2022-11-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BELKIN BURDEN GOLDMAN LLP","amount":78000,"date":"2022-11-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.","total":400000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.","amount":350000,"date":"2014-10-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"GOLDMAN, SACHS & CO.","amount":50000,"date":"2014-11-01","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOAK, CARRIER, O'DONNELL, WILKINSON, GOLDMAN & ASS","total":387375,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"DOAK, CARRIER, O'DONNELL, WILKINSON, GOLDMAN & ASS","amount":65390,"date":"2006-10-11","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DOAK, CARRIER, O'DONNELL, WILKINSON, GOLDMAN & ASS","amount":55000,"date":"2006-07-26","description":"PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DOAK, CARRIER, O'DONNELL, WILKINSON, GOLDMAN & ASS","amount":46636,"date":"2006-09-18","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BELKIN BURDEN WENIG & GOLDMAN, LLP","total":350658.87,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"BELKIN BURDEN WENIG & GOLDMAN, LLP","amount":82086.7,"date":"2022-05-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BELKIN BURDEN WENIG & GOLDMAN, LLP","amount":57768.55,"date":"2022-08-18","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BELKIN BURDEN WENIG & GOLDMAN, LLP","amount":41382.8,"date":"2019-02-21","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GOLDMAN%20SACHS%20%26%20CO."]},{"id":"P20_G000599_rn4e09","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Dan Goldman sits on committees overseeing Legal, Technology, Defense and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2025-02-11","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2023-04-10","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MLKN","date":"2023-04-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":26963.89,"agencies":["Department of Defense"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_G000599_Finance","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of PAC dollars ($452,523) come from Finance industry","explanation":"Dan Goldman receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Finance issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Finance","amount":452522.85,"share":68.6,"totalPAC":660122.85,"pacCount":21},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":452522.85,"share":68.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":90800,"share":13.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":42800,"share":6.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":30000,"share":4.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_G000599_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GOLDMAN, Daniel voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":5,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":1,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_G000599","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Dan Goldman sits on committees regulating Legal, Technology, Defense and actively trades in Defense, Technology. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Legal","Technology","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":10},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":50}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000599","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"Dan Goldman has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":39,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_G000599_ABBV_20230712","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of ABBV in 2023-Q3 while ABBVIE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in ABBV during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE, INC., ABBVIE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-12","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["ABBVIE, INC.","ABBVIE INC.","ABBVIE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_RTX_20230712","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of RTX in 2023-Q3 while RTX CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in RTX during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (RTX CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION), RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-12","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["RTX CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION)","RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)","RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_JPM_20230410","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2023-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in JPM during 2023-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC, JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10","quarter":"2023-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JP MORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_WFC_20230410","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of WFC in 2023-Q2 while WELLS FARGO & COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in WFC during 2023-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & COMPANY, WELLS FARGO). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10","quarter":"2023-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q2","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & COMPANY","WELLS FARGO"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_AMZN_20230306","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2023-Q1 while AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in AMZN during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC, AMAZON CORPORATE LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC","AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_JNJ_20230306","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2023-Q1 while JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a buy in JNJ during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU), STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU)","STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP)","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_MSFT_20230306","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2023-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a buy in MSFT during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_UNH_20230306","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2023-Q1 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in UNH during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_TSLA_20230306","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2023-Q1 while TESLA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a buy in TSLA during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA INC, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA INC","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_GOOGL_20230131","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2023-Q1 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a buy in GOOGL during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FKA GOOGLE LLC)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC (FKA GOOGLE LLC)","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_MSFT_20230131","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2023-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in MSFT during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_JNJ_20230131","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2023-Q1 while JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in JNJ during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU), STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["JOHNSON C SMITH UNIVERSITY (FKA JCSU)","STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP)","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_TSLA_20230131","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2023-Q1 while TESLA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in TSLA during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA INC, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA INC","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000599_AMZN_20230131","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2023-Q1 while AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed a sell in AMZN during 2023-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC, AMAZON CORPORATE LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31","quarter":"2023-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC","AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_COF_20230131","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COF 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $COF 1 day after a corporate insider (Zamsky Michael  (CIK 0001938261)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COF","filer":"Zamsky Michael  (CIK 0001938261)","filingDate":"2023-01-30","adsh":"0000927628-23-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_NVDA_20230301","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (HUDSON DAWN E  (CIK 0001219888)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"HUDSON DAWN E  (CIK 0001219888)","filingDate":"2023-02-28","adsh":"0001045810-23-000025","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_PM_20230307","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $PM 1 day after a corporate insider (Barth Werner  (CIK 0001647069)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PM","filer":"Barth Werner  (CIK 0001647069)","filingDate":"2023-03-06","adsh":"0001413329-23-000100","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_NEM_20230301","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $NEM 1 day after a corporate insider (Cage Joshua  (CIK 0001952653)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEM","filer":"Cage Joshua  (CIK 0001952653)","filingDate":"2023-02-28","adsh":"0001062993-23-005129","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_MO_20230203","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $MO 1 day after a corporate insider (RASSIEUR BENJAMIN F III  (CIK 0001182117)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"RASSIEUR BENJAMIN F III  (CIK 0001182117)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001127602-23-003044","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_NOV_20230301","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $NOV 1 day after a corporate insider (Rovig Joseph W  (CIK 0001605155)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOV","filer":"Rovig Joseph W  (CIK 0001605155)","filingDate":"2023-02-28","adsh":"0000899243-23-006493","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_DISH_20230629","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DISH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $DISH 1 day after a corporate insider (ERGEN CHARLES W  (CIK 0000904548)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DISH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DISH","filer":"ERGEN CHARLES W  (CIK 0000904548)","filingDate":"2023-06-28","adsh":"0001415889-23-010403","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_COIN_20230714","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COIN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $COIN 2 days after a corporate insider (Rajaram Gokul  (CIK 0001589043)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"Rajaram Gokul  (CIK 0001589043)","filingDate":"2023-07-12","adsh":"0001209191-23-042074","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_ING_20230331","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ING 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $ING 2 days after a corporate insider (Datta Sanjay  (CIK 0001832808)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ING","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ING","filer":"Datta Sanjay  (CIK 0001832808)","filingDate":"2023-03-29","adsh":"0001628280-23-009724","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_SCHW_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SCHW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $SCHW 3 days after a corporate insider (Murtagh Nigel J  (CIK 0001649599)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Murtagh Nigel J  (CIK 0001649599)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-23-005978","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_CSGP_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CSGP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $CSGP 3 days after a corporate insider (FLORANCE ANDREW C  (CIK 0001066061)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSGP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSGP","filer":"FLORANCE ANDREW C  (CIK 0001066061)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001057352-23-000040","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_AMZN_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001104659-23-028435","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_KHC_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $KHC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $KHC 3 days after a corporate insider (Torres Flavio  (CIK 0001797867)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KHC","filer":"Torres Flavio  (CIK 0001797867)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001637459-23-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_WY_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WY 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $WY 3 days after a corporate insider (Keatley Travis A  (CIK 0001880478)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WY","filer":"Keatley Travis A  (CIK 0001880478)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-23-015620","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_JLL_20230410","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JLL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $JLL 3 days after a corporate insider (Shah Mihir  (CIK 0001790184)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JLL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JLL","filer":"Shah Mihir  (CIK 0001790184)","filingDate":"2023-04-07","adsh":"0001127602-23-012709","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_AVB_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AVB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $AVB 3 days after a corporate insider (SCHULMAN EDWARD M  (CIK 0001219716)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVB","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVB","filer":"SCHULMAN EDWARD M  (CIK 0001219716)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-23-015933","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_PEG_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PEG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $PEG 3 days after a corporate insider (LaRossa Ralph A  (CIK 0001377477)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEG","filer":"LaRossa Ralph A  (CIK 0001377477)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001225208-23-003254","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_INVH_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $INVH 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $INVH 3 days after a corporate insider (SOLLS MARK A  (CIK 0001286752)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INVH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INVH","filer":"SOLLS MARK A  (CIK 0001286752)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-23-015701","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_EA_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $EA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $EA 3 days after a corporate insider (Miele Laura  (CIK 0001670477)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EA","filer":"Miele Laura  (CIK 0001670477)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001127602-23-008819","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_NTRA_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NTRA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $NTRA 3 days after a corporate insider (Chapman Steven Leonard  (CIK 0001711968)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTRA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTRA","filer":"Chapman Steven Leonard  (CIK 0001711968)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001415889-23-004283","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_BILL_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BILL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $BILL 3 days after a corporate insider (Aji Rajesh A.  (CIK 0001795500)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BILL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BILL","filer":"Aji Rajesh A.  (CIK 0001795500)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-23-015768","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_ENPH_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ENPH 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $ENPH 3 days after a corporate insider (RANHOFF DAVID A  (CIK 0001216875)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENPH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENPH","filer":"RANHOFF DAVID A  (CIK 0001216875)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001463101-23-000027","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_SRPT_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SRPT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $SRPT 3 days after a corporate insider (Estepan Ian Michael  (CIK 0001836254)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SRPT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SRPT","filer":"Estepan Ian Michael  (CIK 0001836254)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-23-016055","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_LUMN_20230306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LUMN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $LUMN 3 days after a corporate insider (Chotai Sham  (CIK 0001376254)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUMN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LUMN","filer":"Chotai Sham  (CIK 0001376254)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0000018926-23-000019","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_QS_20230410","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $QS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $QS 3 days after a corporate insider (Holme Timothy  (CIK 0001834249)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QS","filer":"Holme Timothy  (CIK 0001834249)","filingDate":"2023-04-07","adsh":"0001209191-23-023854","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000599_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+43 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Dan Goldman accumulated 68 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 43 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":43,"totalRaw":68}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_MSFT_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001062993-23-001845"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_KR_20230712","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $KR 1 day before a corporate insider (Vemuri Ashok  (CIK 0001586651)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Vemuri Ashok  (CIK 0001586651)","filingDate":"2023-07-13","adsh":"0001209191-23-042166"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_INTC_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $INTC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $INTC 1 day before a corporate insider (NOVICK BARBARA  (CIK 0001059222)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"NOVICK BARBARA  (CIK 0001059222)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-002931"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_NEM_20230301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NEM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $NEM 1 day before a corporate insider (Tabolt Brian  (CIK 0001600664)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEM","filer":"Tabolt Brian  (CIK 0001600664)","filingDate":"2023-03-02","adsh":"0001062993-23-005609"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_USB_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $USB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $USB 1 day before a corporate insider (Runkel Mark G.  (CIK 0001594398)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"Runkel Mark G.  (CIK 0001594398)","filingDate":"2023-03-07","adsh":"0001225208-23-003533"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_MTB_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MTB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $MTB 1 day before a corporate insider (Bojdak Robert J  (CIK 0001296804)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MTB","filer":"Bojdak Robert J  (CIK 0001296804)","filingDate":"2023-03-07","adsh":"0001209191-23-016805"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_MMC_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MMC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $MMC 1 day before a corporate insider (Beswick Paul  (CIK 0001836104)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMC","filer":"Beswick Paul  (CIK 0001836104)","filingDate":"2023-03-07","adsh":"0001127602-23-009291"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_ELAN_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ELAN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $ELAN 1 day before a corporate insider (Simmons Jeffrey N  (CIK 0001479079)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELAN","filer":"Simmons Jeffrey N  (CIK 0001479079)","filingDate":"2023-03-07","adsh":"0001415889-23-004468"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_TEAM_20230410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TEAM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $TEAM 1 day before a corporate insider (Caliel Michael J  (CIK 0001368766)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TEAM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TEAM","filer":"Caliel Michael J  (CIK 0001368766)","filingDate":"2023-04-11","adsh":"0000318833-23-000013"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_ALNY_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ALNY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $ALNY 1 day before a corporate insider (Garg Pushkal  (CIK 0001829252)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALNY","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALNY","filer":"Garg Pushkal  (CIK 0001829252)","filingDate":"2023-03-07","adsh":"0001735276-23-000033"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_HE_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $HE 1 day before a corporate insider (CHUNG PETER Y  (CIK 0001239366)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HE","filer":"CHUNG PETER Y  (CIK 0001239366)","filingDate":"2023-03-07","adsh":"0001415889-23-004398"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_JAZZ_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JAZZ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $JAZZ 1 day before a corporate insider (Swisher Daniel N JR  (CIK 0001323113)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JAZZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JAZZ","filer":"Swisher Daniel N JR  (CIK 0001323113)","filingDate":"2023-03-07","adsh":"0001765581-23-000030"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_ERIC_20230227","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ERIC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $ERIC 1 day before a corporate insider (Fuller William Eric  (CIK 0001378975)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ERIC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ERIC","filer":"Fuller William Eric  (CIK 0001378975)","filingDate":"2023-02-28","adsh":"0001567619-23-003968"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_SBRA_20230301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SBRA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $SBRA 1 day before a corporate insider (Cusack Catherine  (CIK 0001838868)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBRA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBRA","filer":"Cusack Catherine  (CIK 0001838868)","filingDate":"2023-03-02","adsh":"0001862128-23-000027"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_MDT_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MDT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $MDT 2 days before a corporate insider (Kirk Jennifer M  (CIK 0001613343)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Kirk Jennifer M  (CIK 0001613343)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001127602-23-003128"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_SCHW_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SCHW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $SCHW 2 days before a corporate insider (Schwab Charles R.  (CIK 0000923738)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Schwab Charles R.  (CIK 0000923738)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001062993-23-001982"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_COF_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COF 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $COF 2 days before a corporate insider (PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO LLC  (CIK 0001163368)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COF","filer":"PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO LLC  (CIK 0001163368)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0000899243-23-003679"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_PEP_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PEP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $PEP 2 days before a corporate insider (Noell Robert Davis  (CIK 0001472786)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"Noell Robert Davis  (CIK 0001472786)","filingDate":"2023-03-08","adsh":"0001209191-23-017418"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_JNJ_20230306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $JNJ 2 days before a corporate insider (Swanson James D.  (CIK 0001904785)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Swanson James D.  (CIK 0001904785)","filingDate":"2023-03-08","adsh":"0001225208-23-003576"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_KHC_20230301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KHC 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $KHC 2 days before a corporate insider (Torres Flavio  (CIK 0001797867)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KHC","filer":"Torres Flavio  (CIK 0001797867)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0001637459-23-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_VZ_20230410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VZ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman sell $VZ 2 days before a corporate insider (Silliman Craig L.  (CIK 0001629703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Silliman Craig L.  (CIK 0001629703)","filingDate":"2023-04-12","adsh":"0001062993-23-009047"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_MO_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $MO 2 days before a corporate insider (RASSIEUR BENJAMIN F III  (CIK 0001182117)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"RASSIEUR BENJAMIN F III  (CIK 0001182117)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001127602-23-003044"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_HPQ_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HPQ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $HPQ 2 days before a corporate insider (MYERS MARIE  (CIK 0001656326)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HPQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HPQ","filer":"MYERS MARIE  (CIK 0001656326)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001209191-23-006314"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_MTB_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MTB 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $MTB 2 days before a corporate insider (GEISEL GARY N  (CIK 0001224731)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTB","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MTB","filer":"GEISEL GARY N  (CIK 0001224731)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001209191-23-006380"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_UNM_20230301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Goldman buy $UNM 2 days before a corporate insider (Ahmed Elizabeth Claire  (CIK 0001756408)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNM","filer":"Ahmed Elizabeth Claire  (CIK 0001756408)","filingDate":"2023-03-03","adsh":"0000005513-23-000044"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000599_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+82 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Dan Goldman accumulated 107 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 82 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":82,"totalRaw":107}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_G000599_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $18,300 donor","explanation":"Dan Goldman sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $18,300 in contributions across 4 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":18300,"count":4,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P48_G000599_116283","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MRK 14 days before a Pharma hearing in House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance","explanation":"Dan Goldman sits on House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance, which on 2023-07-27 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Drug Enforcement Administration\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $MRK (a Pharma-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance","eventId":"116283","title":"Oversight of the Drug Enforcement Administration","date":"2023-07-27T14:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116283"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116283","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000599_115617","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KO 12 days after a Staples hearing in House Judiciary","explanation":"Dan Goldman sits on House Judiciary, which on 2023-03-28 held a hearing titled \"H. J. Res. 44, Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau o…\" — classified as Staples sector. The member buy $KO (a Staples-sector stock) 12 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary","eventId":"115617","title":"H. J. Res. 44, Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to \"Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'\"","date":"2023-03-28T14:00:00Z","sector":"Staples","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115617"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115617","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000599_115787","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KO 10 days before a Staples hearing in House Judiciary","explanation":"Dan Goldman sits on House Judiciary, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 2640, the Border Security and Enforcement Act of 2023; and\r\nH. J. Res. 44, Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of t…\" — classified as Staples sector. The member buy $KO (a Staples-sector stock) 10 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary","eventId":"115787","title":"H.R. 2640, the Border Security and Enforcement Act of 2023; and\r\nH. J. Res. 44, Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to “Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached ‘Stabilizing Braces.’”","date":"2023-04-19T14:00:00Z","sector":"Staples","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115787"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115787","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000599_333582","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LLY 7 days before a Pharma hearing in Senate Judiciary","explanation":"Dan Goldman sits on Senate Judiciary, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider committee rules, an original resolution authorizing expenditures by the committee for the 118th Congress, S.79,…\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $LLY (a Pharma-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Judiciary","eventId":"333582","title":"Business meeting to consider committee rules, an original resolution authorizing expenditures by the committee for the 118th Congress, S.79, to amend title 35, United States Code, to establish an interagency task force between the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Food and Drug Administration for purposes of sharing information and providing technical assistance with respect to patents, S.113, to require the Federal Trade Commission to study the role of intermediaries in the pharmaceutical supply chain and provide Congress with appropriate policy recommendations, S.142, to prohibit brand name drug companies from compensating generic drug companies to delay the entry of a generic drug into the market, and to prohibit biological product manufacturers from compensating biosimilar and interchangeable companies to delay the entry of biosimilar biological products and interchangeable biological products, S.148, to enable to Federal Trade Commission to deter filing of sham citizen petitions to cover an attempt to interfere with approval of a competing generic drug or biosimilar, to foster competition, and facilitate the efficient review of petitions filed in good faith to raise legitimate public health concerns, S.150, to amend the Federal Trade Commission Act to prohibit product hopping, and the nominations of Nancy G. Abudu, of Georgia, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Eleventh Circuit, Rachel Bloomekatz, of Ohio, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Sixth Circuit, Anthony Devos Johnstone, of Montana, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, Julie Rikelman, of Massachusetts, to be United States Circuit Judge for the First Circuit, Robert Stewart Ballou, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia, Nusrat Jahan Choudhury, Natasha C. Merle, and Ramon Ernesto Reyes, Jr., each to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New York, Jessica G. L. Clarke, Dale E. Ho, and Arun Subramanian, each to be a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York, Todd E. Edelman, to be United States District Judge for the District of Columbia, Kymberly Kathryn Evanson, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Washington, Gordon P. Gallagher, to be United States District Judge for the District of Colorado, Jonathan James Canada Grey, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan, Myong J. Joun, and Julia E. Kobick, both to be a United States District Judge for the District of Massachusetts, Kenly Kiya Kato, and Hernan D. Vera, both to be a United States District Judge for the Central District of California, Colleen R. Lawless, to be United States District Judge for the Central District of Illinois, Rita F. Lin, and P. Casey Pitts, both to be a United States District Judge for the Northern District of California, Andrew G. Schopler, and James Edward Simmons, Jr., both to be a United States District Judge for the Southern District of California, and Rosemarie Hidalgo, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Violence Against Women Office, Amy Lefkowitz Solomon, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Attorney General, Kate E. Brubacher, to be United States Attorney for the District of Kansas, Ismail J. Ramsey, to be United States Attorney for the Northern District of California, and Jill E. Steinberg, to be United States Attorney for the Southern District of Georgia, all of the Department of Justice.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333582"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333582","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_G000599_333502","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LLY on the same day as a Pharma hearing in Senate Judiciary","explanation":"Dan Goldman sits on Senate Judiciary, which on 2023-02-02 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.79, to amend title 35, United States Code, to establish an interagency task force between the United States P…\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $LLY (a Pharma-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Judiciary","eventId":"333502","title":"Business meeting to consider S.79, to amend title 35, United States Code, to establish an interagency task force between the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Food and Drug Administration for purposes of sharing information and providing technical assistance with respect to patents, S.113, to require the Federal Trade Commission to study the role of intermediaries in the pharmaceutical supply chain and provide Congress with appropriate policy recommendations, an original bill entitled, \"Stop STALLING Act\", an original bill entitled \"Preserve Access to Affordable Generics and Biosimilars Act\", an original bill entitled, \"Affordable Prescriptions for Patients Act\", and the nominations of Nancy G. Abudu, of Georgia, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Eleventh Circuit, DeAndrea Gist Benjamin, of South Carolina, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit, Rachel Bloomekatz, of Ohio, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Sixth Circuit, Cindy K. Chung, of Pennsylvania, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Circuit, Bradley N. Garcia, of Maryland, to be United States Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Circuit, Anthony Devos Johnstone, of Montana, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, Maria Araujo Kahn, of Connecticut, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit, Julie Rikelman, of Massachusetts, to be United States Circuit Judge for the First Circuit, Daniel J. Calabretta, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of California, Tiffany M. Cartwright, Jamal N. Whitehead, and Kymberly Kathryn Evanson, each to be a United States District Judge for the Western District of Washington, Nusrat Jahan Choudhury, Natasha C. Merle, and Ramon Ernesto Reyes, Jr., each to be a United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New York, Jessica G. L. Clarke, Dale E. Ho, and Arun Subramanian, each to be a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York, Matthew L. Garcia, to be United States District Judge for the District of New Mexico, Margaret R. Guzman, Myong J. Joun, and Julia E. Kobick, each to be a United States District Judge for the District of Massachusetts, Lindsay C. Jenkins, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois, Kenly Kiya Kato, and Hernan D. Vera, both to be a United States District Judge for the Central District of California, Araceli Martinez-Olguin, Rita F. Lin, and P. Casey Pitts, each to be a United States District Judge for the Northern District of California, Gina R. Mendez-Miro, to be United States District Judge for the District of Puerto Rico, Adrienne C. Nelson, to be United States District Judge for the District of Oregon, Ana C. Reyes, and Todd E. Edelman, both to be a United States District Judge for the District of Columbia, Jamar K. Walker, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia, Robert Stewart Ballou, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia, Gordon P. Gallagher, to be United States District Judge for the District of Colorado, Jonathan James Canada Grey, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan, Colleen R. Lawless, to be United States District Judge for the Central District of Illinois, Andrew G. Schopler, James Edward Simmons, Jr., both to be a United States District Judge for the Southern District of California, and Rosemarie Hidalgo, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the Violence Against Women Office, Amy Lefkowitz Solomon, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Attorney General, and Jill E. Steinberg, to be United States Attorney for the Southern District of Georgia, all of the Department of Justice.","date":"2023-02-02T15:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333502"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333502","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_G000599","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $69,600","explanation":"Dan Goldman received campaign contributions totaling $69,600 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($18,300); BERLIN ROSEN LLC ON BEHALF OF THE PEW CHARITABLE T ($6,300); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS ($5,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":69600,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":18300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BERLIN ROSEN","ldaClient":"BERLIN ROSEN LLC ON BEHALF OF THE PEW CHARITABLE TRUSTS","donorTotal":6300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000599","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $94,815 on 2025-09-30 (14.6× normal)","explanation":"Dan Goldman's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $94,815 on 2025-09-30 — 14.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":94815,"maxRatio":14.6,"maxAmount":94815},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":94815,"ratio":14.6,"baselineDaily":6480,"count":32,"cmteId":"C00816660","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00816660&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816660/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00816660&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"]},{"id":"P65_G000599_2023-07-10","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"488 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-07-10 — 473 unique tickers","explanation":"Dan Goldman executed 488 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-07-10 to 2023-07-14), spanning 473 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-07-10","windowEnd":"2023-07-14","tradeCount":488,"uniqueTickers":473,"totalDisclosedTrades":1183,"sampleTickers":["NCMGY","KKPNY","MKTAY","NGG","STBFY","RIO","CLPBY","KIM","ISNPY","PANDY"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000599","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 115 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dan Goldman appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 115 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); lobbying timeline trade (14); trade near vote (11); coordinated trade cluster (7).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":115,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":11},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":2},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000599","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000599","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Goldman's campaign paid $3,254,445 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. ($2,769,674)","explanation":"Dan Goldman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 42 payments totaling $3,254,445 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. ($2,769,674 across 27 payments, services: CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE · DECREASE IN MARKET VALUE · DECREASE IN VALUE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":3254444.8900000006,"paymentCount":42,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","total":2769673.8300000005,"count":27,"descriptions":["CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE","DECREASE IN MARKET VALUE","DECREASE IN VALUE"]},{"payee":"DOAK, CARRIER, O'DONNELL, WILKINSON, GOLDMAN & ASS","total":387375,"count":11,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","PRODUCTION","MEDIA CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GOLDMAN, VIRGINIA","total":36000,"count":1,"descriptions":["GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO","total":26965.06,"count":1,"descriptions":["INTEREST"]},{"payee":"HARRIS GOLDMAN PRODUCTIONS","total":18431,"count":1,"descriptions":["PAYMENT MADE IN ERROR"]}],"surname":"goldman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NY10308&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P140_G000599","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Goldman disclosed 33 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 4 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL PLD $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Dan Goldman has filed 33 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 4 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL PLD $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-07-12 · SELL NVO $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-07-12 · SELL VZ $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-07-12 · SELL LVMUY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-07-12.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":33,"veryHighCount":4,"lowerBoundSum":4150033,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"PLD","action":"SELL","date":"2023-07-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVO","action":"SELL","date":"2023-07-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","date":"2023-07-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LVMUY","action":"SELL","date":"2023-07-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"RIO","action":"SELL","date":"2023-07-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ESLOY","action":"SELL","date":"2023-07-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_G000599","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Goldman executed 11 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY JNJ (3d apart)","explanation":"Dan Goldman has 11 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY JNJ 2023-01-31 → 2023-02-03 (3d) · SELL→BUY TSN 2023-03-06 → 2023-03-07 (1d) · BUY→SELL MOS 2023-04-10 → 2023-04-10 (0d) · BUY→SELL SR 2023-03-01 → 2023-03-06 (5d) · BUY→SELL PFE 2023-03-06 → 2023-03-07 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":11,"samples":[{"ticker":"JNJ","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-01-31","date2":"2023-02-03","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TSN","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-03-06","date2":"2023-03-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MOS","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-04-10","date2":"2023-04-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SR","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-03-01","date2":"2023-03-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PFE","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-03-06","date2":"2023-03-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-01-31","date2":"2023-02-03","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"UAL","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-04-10","date2":"2023-04-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CS","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-02-27","date2":"2023-03-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_G000599","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Goldman's PAC funding concentrates 79% in Finance ($0.45M / $0.57M classified)","explanation":"Dan Goldman's PAC donors concentrate 79% in the Finance industry — $0.45M of $0.57M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.45M · Technology $0.09M · Labor $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.45,"totalPacAmountM":0.57,"concentrationPct":78.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.45,"Technology":0.09,"Labor":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY10308/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_G000599","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Goldman triggers 45 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Dan Goldman accumulates 45 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":45,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_G000599_2023-07-10","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Goldman — 324 trades on 2023-07-10","explanation":"Dan Goldman disclosed 324 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-07-10). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-07-10","count":324}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_G000599","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Goldman — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (1178/1183)","explanation":"Dan Goldman's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":1183,"atBracket":1178,"pct":"99.6"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000599","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Goldman — 709 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Dan Goldman has traded 709 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":709,"sample":["SPGI","SIGCY","WTKWY","NOC","VTR","F","DAR","TMUS","JNJ","T"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_G000599","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Goldman — 7 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Dan Goldman has traded 7 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":7,"tickers":["COIN","AFRM","DDOG","RIVN","SNOW","ABNB","RBLX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"H000601":[{"id":"P1_H000601_dahrgt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL DDOG 9d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded DDOG (Technology) within 9 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DDOG","date":"2021-12-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":-9,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P6_H000601_twnejf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,317,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","explanation":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND spent $1,317,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00760124","name":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","support":1317500,"oppose":0,"events":26}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760124/"]},{"id":"P7_H000601_vt49yj","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,006,805 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,006,805 opposing this member across 139 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1006805,"totalSupport":1803640.2099999995,"events":139,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CONSERVATIVE OUTSIDER PAC","oppose":968000},{"name":"Conservative Outsiders PAC","oppose":35000},{"name":"The New American Populist PAC","oppose":3805}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H000601_uyk254","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $13,418,344 in itemized individual contributions, $9,544,214 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":13418344,"buckets":{"$200 and under":297088,"$200.01-$499":429775,"$500-$999":737421,"$1000-$1999":2409846,"$2000 and over":9544214},"megaShare":71.1,"smallDonorShare":2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H000601_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"67553 employees of RETIRED gave $2,454,990 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 67553× RETIRED = $2,454,990; 913× HOMEMAKER = $1,414,636. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":67553,"total":2454990,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"HOMEMAKER","count":913,"total":1414636,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H000601_2n1w5x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,452 donation spike on 2025-04-18 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-04-18 this committee recorded $81,452 across 199 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,239.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718627","date":"2025-04-18","amount":81452,"count":199,"baseline":10239,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718627/"]},{"id":"P15_H000601_2mzc74","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,155 donation spike on 2025-08-22 — 13.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-22 this committee recorded $79,155 across 135 contributions — 13.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,768.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718627","date":"2025-08-22","amount":79155,"count":135,"baseline":5768,"ratio":13.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718627/"]},{"id":"P15_H000601_9oh0yl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,400 donation spike on 2021-04-30 — 16.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-30 this committee recorded $75,400 across 40 contributions — 16.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,567.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718627","date":"2021-04-30","amount":75400,"count":40,"baseline":4567,"ratio":16.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718627/"]},{"id":"P15_H000601_ocwl5o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,348 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $71,348 across 104 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,950.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718627","date":"2022-06-30","amount":71348,"count":104,"baseline":5950,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718627/"]},{"id":"P15_H000601_2n2j5g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,044 donation spike on 2025-03-18 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-18 this committee recorded $71,044 across 176 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,062.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718627","date":"2025-03-18","amount":71044,"count":176,"baseline":8062,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718627/"]},{"id":"P15_H000601_vzrwn0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,328 donation spike on 2023-08-28 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-08-28 this committee recorded $69,328 across 116 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,781.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718627","date":"2023-08-28","amount":69328,"count":116,"baseline":6781,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718627/"]},{"id":"P15_H000601_vzbxzn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,375 donation spike on 2023-12-19 — 18.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-19 this committee recorded $62,375 across 45 contributions — 18.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,341.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718627","date":"2023-12-19","amount":62375,"count":45,"baseline":3341,"ratio":18.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718627/"]},{"id":"P18_H000601_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bill Hagerty executed 3 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DDOG","date":"2023-12-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DDOG","date":"2021-12-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DDOG","date":"2021-11-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico; Partial Holdb","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-11-28"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Manageme","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-11-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H000601_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bill Hagerty executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-06-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2021-05-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H000601_outz6m","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty campaign paid $79,208 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: MAURA HAGERTY","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's campaign paid 36 disbursements totaling $79,208 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAURA HAGERTY","total":50000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAURA HAGERTY","amount":12500,"date":"2018-08-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"hagerty","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MAURA HAGERTY","amount":12500,"date":"2019-02-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"hagerty","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MAURA HAGERTY","amount":12500,"date":"2019-01-30","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"hagerty","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALSUP, HEATHER D","total":8964.23,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"ALSUP, HEATHER D","amount":1074.19,"date":"2005-11-11","description":"NON FEA SALARIES","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ALSUP, HEATHER D","amount":1074.19,"date":"2005-11-28","description":"NON FEA SALARIES","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ALSUP, HEATHER D","amount":1074.19,"date":"2005-10-12","description":"NON FEA SALARIES","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALSUP, WILLIAM B III","total":3300,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ALSUP, WILLIAM B III","amount":2800,"date":"2020-08-17","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ALSUP, WILLIAM B III","amount":500,"date":"2020-08-17","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALSUP, WILLIAM","total":3000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ALSUP, WILLIAM","amount":1500,"date":"2021-01-26","description":"REISSUE OF CHECK ISSUED 10/23/20","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ALSUP, WILLIAM","amount":1500,"date":"2020-11-23","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALSUP, WILLIAM B. III","total":2900,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ALSUP, WILLIAM B. III","amount":1500,"date":"2022-10-19","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ALSUP, WILLIAM B. III","amount":1400,"date":"2020-09-20","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALSUP, SUNNY JUNG","total":2300,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ALSUP, SUNNY JUNG","amount":2300,"date":"2008-08-28","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"alsup","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MAURA%20HAGERTY"]},{"id":"P29_H000601_7pl5yq","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 18 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAGERTY, William Francis (Bill) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 18 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":660,"date":"2026-01-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H000601","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Bill Hagerty has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_H000601_VRM_20210108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $VRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Hagerty buy $VRM 3 days after a corporate insider (SHUSTEK MICHAEL V  (CIK 0001088193)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRM","filer":"SHUSTEK MICHAEL V  (CIK 0001088193)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0000899243-21-000497","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000601_CEQP_20231106","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CEQP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Hagerty buy $CEQP 1 day before a corporate insider (Judah Janeen S  (CIK 0001736570)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEQP","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CEQP","filer":"Judah Janeen S  (CIK 0001736570)","filingDate":"2023-11-07","adsh":"0000899243-23-020251"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000601_BKEP_20211229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BKEP 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Hagerty sell $BKEP 6 days before a corporate insider (Lewis Matthew R  (CIK 0001685024)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKEP","filer":"Lewis Matthew R  (CIK 0001685024)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001437749-22-000298"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H000601_DDOG_20211108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DDOG 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Hagerty sell $DDOG 7 days before a corporate insider (Le-Quoc Alexis  (CIK 0001783984)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DDOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DDOG","filer":"Le-Quoc Alexis  (CIK 0001783984)","filingDate":"2021-11-15","adsh":"0001209191-21-064469"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_RNR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $RNR — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $RNR on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $RNR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RNR","assetName":"RNR - RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RNR","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_PNFP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $PNFP — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $PNFP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PNFP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PNFP","assetName":"PNFP - Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PNFP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_EQC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $EQC — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $EQC on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $EQC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EQC","assetName":"EQC - Equity Commonwealth","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EQC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_NTRA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $NTRA — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $NTRA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NTRA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NTRA","assetName":"NTRA - Natera, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NTRA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_BA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $BA — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $BA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $BA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BA","assetName":"BA - The Boeing Company","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_QRTEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $QRTEP — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $QRTEP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $QRTEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"QRTEP","assetName":"QRTEP - Qurate Retail, Inc. - 8.0% Fixed Rate Cumulative R","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"QRTEP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_CEQP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CEQP — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $CEQP on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CEQP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CEQP","assetName":"CEQP - Crestwood Equity Partners LP","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/03b313b5-2492-4264-8fa0-2f14bbafde77/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CEQP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/03b313b5-2492-4264-8fa0-2f14bbafde77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_ETRN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ETRN — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $ETRN on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ETRN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ETRN","assetName":"ETRN - Equitrans Midstream Corporation","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/03b313b5-2492-4264-8fa0-2f14bbafde77/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ETRN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/03b313b5-2492-4264-8fa0-2f14bbafde77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_SBNY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $SBNY — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $SBNY on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $SBNY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SBNY","assetName":"SBNY - Signature Bank","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SBNY","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_BKEPP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $BKEPP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $BKEPP on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $BKEPP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BKEPP","assetName":"BKEPP - Blueknight Energy Partners, L.P.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BKEPP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_BKEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $BKEP — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $BKEP on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $BKEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BKEP","assetName":"BKEP - Blueknight Energy Partners, L.P.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BKEP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_NS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $NS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $NS on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NS","assetName":"NS - NuStar Energy L.P.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_CTAA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $CTAA — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $CTAA on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $CTAA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CTAA","assetName":"CTAA - Qwest Corp. NT 7% 2056","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CTAA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-01"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_CCEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CCEP — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $CCEP on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CCEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CCEP","assetName":"CCEP - Coca-Cola European Partners plc","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CCEP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_RHP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $RHP — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $RHP on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $RHP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RHP","assetName":"RHP - Ryman Hospitality Properties, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RHP","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_CLDT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CLDT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $CLDT on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CLDT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CLDT","assetName":"CLDT - Chatham Lodging Trust","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CLDT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_ENVA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ENVA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $ENVA on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ENVA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ENVA","assetName":"ENVA - Enova International, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ENVA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_DDOG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $DDOG — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $DDOG on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $DDOG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DDOG","assetName":"DDOG - Datadog, Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/60b0ee09-78bb-4978-8d67-9cabc45636a0/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DDOG","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-27"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/60b0ee09-78bb-4978-8d67-9cabc45636a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H000601_TACO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $TACO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty disclosed an asset position in $TACO on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $TACO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TACO","assetName":"TACO - Del Taco Restaurants, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/651eee1d-520e-4648-9370-2a5a5ad98555/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TACO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/651eee1d-520e-4648-9370-2a5a5ad98555/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_H000601_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (JNJ) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_H000601_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (BA)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_H000601_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 2 Energy stocks (KMI, PSX)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (KMI, PSX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["KMI","PSX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P62_H000601","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $79,155 on 2025-08-22 (13.7× normal)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $79,155 on 2025-08-22 — 13.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":357606,"maxRatio":18.7,"maxAmount":79155},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-08-22","amount":79155,"ratio":13.7,"baselineDaily":5768,"count":135,"cmteId":"C00718627","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718627&min_date=2025-08-22&max_date=2025-08-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-04-30","amount":75400,"ratio":16.5,"baselineDaily":4567,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00718627","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718627&min_date=2021-04-30&max_date=2021-04-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-06-30","amount":71348,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":5950,"count":104,"cmteId":"C00718627","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718627&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-08-28","amount":69328,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":6781,"count":116,"cmteId":"C00718627","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718627&min_date=2023-08-28&max_date=2023-08-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-12-19","amount":62375,"ratio":18.7,"baselineDaily":3341,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00718627","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718627&min_date=2023-12-19&max_date=2023-12-19"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718627/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718627&min_date=2025-08-22&max_date=2025-08-22"]},{"id":"P63_H000601","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 123 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 123 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): NOBL, DIA, SPY, VUSB, RNR, IAU, MTUM, QUAL, SPDW, SPEM, VOT, VOE, VONG, VONV, VIOG, … (108 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":123,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["NOBL","DIA","SPY","VUSB","RNR","IAU","MTUM","QUAL","SPDW","SPEM","VOT","VOE","VONG","VONV","VIOG","VBR","DBEF","UTPXX","TOIXX","SNOXX","CBAAX","CPGAX","CIPAX","CPPAX","CSX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_H000601","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 16 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$6.2M","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 16 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $6,206,506.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company:  (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Contour Venture Partners, LP Company: Co (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $500,001 - $1,000,000); Contour Venture Partners II, LP Company: (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $500,001 - $1,000,000); Contour Venture Partners III, LP Company (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $250,001 - $500,000); Contour Opportunity Fund Company: Contou (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":16,"totalEstMidpoint":6206506.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: Holds sports and entertainment interests. Filer comment: Asset held by Dependent Child 1 through interest in Liberty Partners, LLC","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Child","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"name":"Contour Venture Partners, LP Company: Contour Venture Partners (Princeton, NJ) Description: Early stage venture capital equity investments","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"name":"Contour Venture Partners II, LP Company: Contour Venture Partners (Princeton, NJ) Description: Early stage venture capital equity investments","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"name":"Contour Venture Partners III, LP Company: Contour Venture Partners (Princeton, NJ) Description: Early stage venture capital equity investments","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"name":"Contour Opportunity Fund Company: Contour Venture Partners (Princeton, NJ) Description: Early stage venture capital equity investments","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_H000601","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $6.8M in personal liabilities (13% leverage of assets) — 10 liability items","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $6,847,504.5 in personal liabilities against $52,018,560.13 in assets — a 13.2% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $6.8M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":6847504.5,"totalAssetMid":52018560.13,"leverageRatio":13.2,"liabCount":10,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2015 · Self · Other (Capital Commitment) · - · N/A% (10 years) · $15,001 - $50,000 · Contour Opportunity Fund, LP New York, New York · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2018 · Self · Other (Capital Commitment) · - · N/A% (10 years) · $15,001 - $50,000 · Contour Venture Partners IV, LP New York, NY · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"3 · 2018 · Self · Other (Capital Commitment) · - · N/A% (10 years) · $15,001 - $50,000 · Contour Opportunity Fund, II, LP New York, NY · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"4 · 2020 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 2.75% (30 Years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · First Bank Nashville, TN · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_H000601","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at William F. Hagerty, IV Living Trust Nashville, TN","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at William F. Hagerty, IV Living Trust Nashville, TN (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2003 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"William F. Hagerty, IV Living Trust Nashville, TN","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_H000601","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,000 in outside earned income — top source: RJ O'Brien and Associates Chicago, IL ($$75,000.00)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2023) reports $125,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: RJ O'Brien and Associates Chicago, IL ($75,000.00, Board Compensation); Hall Capital Management Co, LLC Oklahoma City, Oklahoma ($25,000.00, Board Compensation); Fred Jones Enterprises LLC Oklahoma City, Oklahoma ($25,000.00, Board Compensation).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2023","totalIncome":125000,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Board Compensation","source":"RJ O'Brien and Associates Chicago, IL","amount":"$75,000.00","amountNumeric":75000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Board Compensation","source":"Hall Capital Management Co, LLC Oklahoma City, Oklahoma","amount":"$25,000.00","amountNumeric":25000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Board Compensation","source":"Fred Jones Enterprises LLC Oklahoma City, Oklahoma","amount":"$25,000.00","amountNumeric":25000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_H000601_2021","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 9 new ticker holdings in 2021 not present in prior PFD filings — including IAU, SPEM, ETRN, PSX, ENVA, BAH","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 9 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: IAU, SPEM, ETRN, PSX, ENVA, BAH, FDX, BA, CSCO.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2021,"count":9,"newTickers":["IAU","SPEM","ETRN","PSX","ENVA","BAH","FDX","BA","CSCO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2a6bec1-d597-4bd8-8d93-dc1235a1adea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2a6bec1-d597-4bd8-8d93-dc1235a1adea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H000601","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 21 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 50 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bill Hagerty appears in 21 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 50 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 21 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (19); daily donation spike (7); insider front ran trade (3); pfd holding voted industry (3); reg rule trade proximity (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":21,"totalFindings":50,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":19},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H000601","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_H000601_2021","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 25 ticker holdings between 2020 and 2021 — including DWGHX, TIRRX, DDOG, MALOX, RHHBY, TWO","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 25 ticker holdings present in the 2020 filing but absent in 2021. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: DWGHX, TIRRX, DDOG, MALOX, RHHBY, TWO, CF, GPMT, EQM, VXUS, VWO, LFRFX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2020,2021],"count":25,"divestedTickers":["DWGHX","TIRRX","DDOG","MALOX","RHHBY","TWO","CF","GPMT","EQM","VXUS","VWO","LFRFX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2a6bec1-d597-4bd8-8d93-dc1235a1adea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2a6bec1-d597-4bd8-8d93-dc1235a1adea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty discloses 1 speculative derivative + 4 compensation options — VTI - Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF Strike price: $223.13 | Short Sale Expires…","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 5 qualifying instruments: 1 speculative + 4 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: VTI - Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF Strike price: $223.13  · CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville, TN) Desc · CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville, TN) Desc.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":1,"compensationCount":4,"speculative":[{"asset":"VTI - Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF Strike price: $223.13 | Short Sale Expires: 12/31/2025 Filer comment: Open short position on 09/30/202","type":"Corporate Securities Stock Option","value":"Unascertainable"}],"compensation":[{"asset":"CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville, TN) Description: Healthcare services technology and business. Filer comment: Asset held ","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville, TN) Description: Healthcare services technology and business. Filer comment: Asset held ","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville, TN) Description: Healthcare services technology and business. Filer comment: Asset held ","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville, TN) Description: Healthcare services technology and business. Filer comment: Asset held ","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_H000601_2023","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty filed 2 amendments to the 2023 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Bill Hagerty's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2023 report alone, with 4 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2023,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e82b34b4-1c20-4856-a33f-bcc07850e6af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d0205aa-f610-44e9-94ae-4902e7d02928/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty discloses 15 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 15 unascertainable, 10% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 15 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 15 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 10% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Rollover IRA (--) · SEP IRA (--) · William F. Hagerty IV - Morgan Stanley (--) · DC 1 Irrevocable Trust (--) · Liberty Partners, LLC Company: Liberty Partners, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: LLC for the purpos (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":15,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":15,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.101,"samples":[{"asset":"Rollover IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"SEP IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"William F. Hagerty IV - Morgan Stanley","value":"--"},{"asset":"DC 1 Irrevocable Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Liberty Partners, LLC Company: Liberty Partners, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: LLC for the purpos","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty discloses 11 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 11 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilm · HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Pa · HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilm · HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Pa.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":11,"properties":[{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partnership for p","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited P","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partnership for p","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited P","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partnership for p","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited P","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited P","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partnership for p","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty discloses 21 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 21 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilm · HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Pa · HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilm · HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Pa.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":21,"holdings":[{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partnership for p","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited P","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partnership for p","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited P","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partnership for p","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited P","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited P","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partnership for p","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD: 37 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (25% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 37 reported holdings owned by Spouse (0), Joint (0), or Dependent (37) — 25% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Dependent: DC 1 Irrevocable Trust · Dependent: Schwab (Chicago, IL) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account · Dependent: Liberty Partners, LLC Company: Liberty Partners, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description · Dependent: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC (Nashvill.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":0,"Joint":0,"Dependent":37,"Self":112},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.247,"samples":[{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"DC 1 Irrevocable Trust","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Schwab (Chicago, IL) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Liberty Partners, LLC Company: Liberty Partners, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC (Nashvill","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville, TN) Description: Healthcare ","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD: 6 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · ET ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"ET","asset":"ET - Energy Transfer LP","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Line of Credit for DC 4 Irrevocable Trust Debtor: DC 4 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Accounts Receivable From an Individual","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_H000601","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty's campaign paid $887,974 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: TEAM HAGERTY VICTORY ($607,800)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 47 payments totaling $887,974 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TEAM HAGERTY VICTORY ($607,800 across 36 payments, services: EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM CHRISTIAN HABITZ · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM AMBASSADOR TREVOR TRAINA · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JASON CHANG). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":887974,"paymentCount":47,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TEAM HAGERTY VICTORY","total":607800,"count":36,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM CHRISTIAN HABITZ","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM AMBASSADOR TREVOR TRAINA","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JASON CHANG"]},{"payee":"TEAM HAGERTY","total":230174,"count":7,"descriptions":["EARMARKED DONATIONS","DIRECT CONTRIBUTION","POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MAURA HAGERTY","total":50000,"count":4,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT"]}],"surname":"hagerty"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0TN00169&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty (Tennessee) discloses 3 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: New York (3)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty represents Tennessee but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Tennessee (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: New York: 3. Sample: Capital Partners VI Company: Goldman Sachs (New York, NY) Description: Real Estate Fund (New York) · Silverpeak Legacy Fund, II LP Company: Silverpeak (New York, NY) Description: An alternative investm (New York) · Silverpeak Legacy Fund, III LP Company: Silverpeak (New York, NY) Description: An alternative invest (New York).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Tennessee","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":3,"byState":{"NY":3},"samples":[{"name":"Capital Partners VI Company: Goldman Sachs (New York, NY) Description: Real Estate Fund","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"NY"},{"name":"Silverpeak Legacy Fund, II LP Company: Silverpeak (New York, NY) Description: An alternative investm","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"NY"},{"name":"Silverpeak Legacy Fund, III LP Company: Silverpeak (New York, NY) Description: An alternative invest","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"NY"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P92_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD: 37 holdings owned by Dependent Child (27 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 37 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 27 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: DC 1 Irrevocable Trust · Schwab (Chicago, IL) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account · Liberty Partners, LLC Company: Liberty Partners, L · Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville  · CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":37,"highValueCount":27,"holdings":[{"asset":"DC 1 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Schwab (Chicago, IL) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Liberty Partners, LLC Company: Liberty Partners, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: LLC for the purpos","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC Company: Nashville Soccer Holdings, LLC (Nashville, TN) Description: ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"asset":"CareBridge Company: RSV QOZB LTSS, Inc. (Nashville, TN) Description: Healthcare services technology ","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partner","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description:","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"SNOXX - Schwab Treasury Obligation Money Market","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P95_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2025 PFD — IAU - iShares Gold Trust","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: IAU - iShares Gold Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"IAU - iShares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P104_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD lists 3 entities bearing the surname \"Hagerty\" — top: William F. Hagerty IV -","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 3 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Hagerty\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: William F. Hagerty IV - (asset) · William F. Hagerty, IV Living (position) · Hagerty Consulting Nashville, TN (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Hagerty","count":3,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"William F. Hagerty IV - Morgan Stanley","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account"},{"source":"position","entry":"William F. Hagerty, IV Living Trust Nashville, TN","position":"Trustee"},{"source":"position","entry":"Hagerty Consulting Nashville, TN","position":"Proprietor"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 22 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), FDX ($21.4M), AAPL ($20.9M)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 22 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $188.0M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · FDX ($21.4M, 53 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · SO ($18.9M, 64 filings) · BA ($13.1M, 49 filings) · MSFT ($12.3M, 66 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":22,"totalLobbyAcrossM":188.05,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"FDX","totalLobby":21421000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"FEDEX CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"SO","totalLobby":18940000,"recordCount":64,"topClient":"SOUTHERN COMPANY"},{"ticker":"BA","totalLobby":13050000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"BOEING"},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"JNJ","totalLobby":10940000,"recordCount":58,"topClient":"JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC."},{"ticker":"PSX","totalLobby":8700000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"PHILLIPS 66 COMPANY"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 3 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), MSFT (8,404), BA (4,364)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 23,663 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · BA (4,364 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"totalPatents":23663,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BA","patentCount":4364,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 2 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $181M) — top: BAH ($155.6M), PLTR ($25.3M)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $181M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: BAH ($155.6M, 19 contracts, Department of Health and) · PLTR ($25.3M, 5 contracts, Department of Agriculture).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalContractValueM":180.88,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BAH","total":155609221.67,"count":19,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services","National Aeronautics and Space Administration","Department of Justice"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"PLTR","total":25266115.07,"count":5,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture","Department of the Treasury","Department of Energy"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_H000601","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.4M total receipts) — top: TEAM HAGERTY VICTORY","explanation":"Bill Hagerty appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM HAGERTY VICTORY (C00788448, $5.4M receipts, treasurer SATTERFIELD, DAVID). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.44,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00788448","name":"TEAM HAGERTY VICTORY","receipts":5437962.95,"treasurer":"SATTERFIELD, DAVID","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00788448/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00788448/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00788448/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P114_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — MSFT, AMZN, AAPL, GOOG","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: MSFT ($50,001 - $100,000) · AMZN ($50,001 - $100,000) · AAPL ($100,001 - $250,000) · GOOG ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","asset":"GOOG - Alphabet Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 2 defense-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD — KTOS, BA","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: KTOS ($50,001 - $100,000) · BA ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"KTOS","asset":"KTOS - Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc. - Common","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"BA","asset":"BA - The Boeing Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P117_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 1 agribusiness ticker on 2025 PFD — INGR","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 agribusiness stock holding — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: INGR ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"INGR","asset":"INGR - Ingredion Incorporated","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — ARCC","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: ARCC ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ARCC","asset":"ARCC - Ares Capital Corporation","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P120_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 3 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — PNC, JPM, GS","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: PNC ($100,001 - $250,000) · JPM ($50,001 - $100,000) · GS ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PNC","asset":"PNC - The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Co. Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"GS","asset":"GS - The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P122_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P122_PFD_AIRLINES_HOLDING_AVIATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 1 airline / aerospace ticker on 2025 PFD — BA","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in airlines, aerospace, or aviation suppliers (Delta DAL, American AAL, United UAL, Southwest LUV, Alaska ALK, JetBlue JBLU, plus Boeing BA, eVTOL Joby JOBY, Archer ACHR). Airline mergers (JetBlue / Spirit, Alaska / Hawaiian) require DOT and DOJ approval; FAA reauthorization includes pilot training rules, ATC funding, and consumer-protection mandates. Holdings: BA ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_airlines_aviation","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","asset":"BA - The Boeing Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAviationCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.faa.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 5 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — ET, EPD, EQT, KMI, PSX","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: ET ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · EPD ($500,001 - $1,000,000) · EQT ($15,001 - $50,000) · KMI ($100,001 - $250,000) · PSX (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ET","asset":"ET - Energy Transfer LP","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"EPD","asset":"EPD - Enterprise Products Partners L.P.","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"EQT","asset":"EQT - Eqt Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"KMI","asset":"KMI - Kinder Morgan, Inc.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PSX","asset":"PSX - Phillips 66","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — JNJ","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: JNJ ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P126_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 1 publicly-traded REIT ticker on 2025 PFD — WY","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holding — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: WY ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"WY","asset":"WY - Weyerhaeuser Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 2 asset-manager / PE-firm tickers on 2025 PFD — ICE, BX","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: ICE (None (or less than $1,001)) · BX ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ICE","asset":"ICE - Intercontinental Exchange, Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"BX","asset":"BX - The Blackstone Group Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD lists 77 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 77 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): NOBL, DIA, SPY, VUSB, RNR, IAU, MTUM, QUAL, SPDW, SPEM.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":77,"sampleTickers":["NOBL","DIA","SPY","VUSB","RNR","IAU","MTUM","QUAL","SPDW","SPEM","VOT","VOE","VONG","VONV","VIOG","VBR","DBEF","UTPXX","TOIXX","SNOXX","CBAAX","CPGAX","CIPAX","CPPAX","CSX","DRI","ICE","MDLZ","NSC","NSRGY"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P132_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P132_PFD_PARTNERSHIP_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD lists 21 private-fund / LP / LLC holdings — opaque portfolio profile","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 21 private-fund-structured holdings — limited partnerships, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, fund of funds, family offices. These structures (a) defer income recognition until distributions are made, (b) allow carried-interest tax preference for fund managers, (c) obscure underlying portfolio-company names from the public PFD form (only the fund name is reported), and (d) limit liquidity, reducing the senator's ability to comply with STOCK Act timely-disclosure rules even if they wished to. Heavy concentration in private-fund vehicles is the most opaque PFD asset class — journalists investigating a senator's actual sector exposure must obtain the fund's quarterly investor letters or SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure to see what's inside. Holdings: HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilm · HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Pa · HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilm · HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Pa · HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilm.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_partnership_heavy","year":"2025","count":21,"holdings":[{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partner","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description:","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partner","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description:","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partner","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description:","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP Company: HC 17th and Grand Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description:","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HC D Hill Partners, LP Company: HC D Hill Partners, LP (Wilmington, DE) Description: Limited Partner","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P135_H000601","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty's earliest disclosed PFD (2020) shows $39.0M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2020) shows total assets of $39.0M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 197; earned-income on first filing: $12,500.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2020","totalAssetMid":39013793.5,"assetCount":197,"earnedIncome":12500,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/60b0ee09-78bb-4978-8d67-9cabc45636a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/60b0ee09-78bb-4978-8d67-9cabc45636a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_H000601","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty disclosed 5 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 3 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL PNFP $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Bill Hagerty has filed 5 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 3 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL PNFP $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-12-29 · SELL RNR $250,001 - $500,000 on 2021-12-28 · SELL RHP $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-12-23 · SELL RNR $250,001 - $500,000 on 2021-12-23.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":5,"veryHighCount":3,"lowerBoundSum":1700005,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"PNFP","action":"SELL","date":"2021-12-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"RNR","action":"SELL","date":"2021-12-28","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"RHP","action":"SELL","date":"2021-12-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"RNR","action":"SELL","date":"2021-12-23","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"DDOG","action":"SELL","date":"2021-11-08","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_H000601","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 53 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bill Hagerty accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 53 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":53}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_H000601","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty triggers 54 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Bill Hagerty accumulates findings across 54 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 54 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":54,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P6","P7","P11","P14","P15","P18","P19","P29","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P62","P63","P68","P69","P70","P71","P74","P78","P79","P81","P82","P83","P84","P85","P87","P88"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P159_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty holds 1 non-US-domiciled stock on 2025 PFD across 1 country — NSRGY (Switzerland)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 1 country (Switzerland). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: NSRGY (Switzerland, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":1,"countries":["Switzerland"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"NSRGY","country":"Switzerland","asset":"NSRGY - Nestle S.A.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P163_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P163_PFD_MULTIPLE_FAMILY_TRUSTS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD lists 8 distinct trust entities — sophisticated estate-planning architecture","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 distinct trust holdings — family trusts, irrevocable trusts, generation-skipping trusts (GST), grantor trusts, charitable remainder/lead trusts (CRT/CLT), GRATs, GRUTs, QPRTs, or dynasty trusts. Multiple-trust portfolios indicate sophisticated estate-planning architecture: each trust serves a different tax-deferral or wealth-transfer function. Heavy trust use shifts asset disclosure away from direct ownership while still concentrating economic benefit in the senator's household. Journalists should identify each trust's beneficiaries (spouse, children, grandchildren) and trustees (named individual or financial institution) to map the actual control structure. Trust entities: DC 1 Irrevocable Trust · DC 2 Irrevocable Trust · DC 3 Irrevocable Trust · DC 4 Irrevocable Trust · Line of Credit for DC 1 Irrevocable Trust Debtor: DC 1 Irrev.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_multiple_family_trusts","year":"2025","count":8,"trusts":[{"name":"DC 1 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"},{"name":"DC 2 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"},{"name":"DC 3 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"},{"name":"DC 4 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"},{"name":"Line of Credit for DC 1 Irrevocable Trust Debtor: DC 1 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Accounts Receivable From an Individual","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Line of Credit for DC 2 Irrevocable Trust Debtor: DC 2 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Accounts Receivable From an Individual","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Line of Credit for DC 3 Irrevocable Trust Debtor: DC 3 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Accounts Receivable From an Individual","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Line of Credit for DC 4 Irrevocable Trust Debtor: DC 4 Irrevocable Trust","type":"Accounts Receivable From an Individual","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/abusive-trust-tax-evasion-schemes-questions-and-answers"]},{"id":"P164_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD shows 2 inherited-wealth indicators — top: Silverpeak Legacy Fund, II LP Company: Silverpeak (New York, NY) Descr","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 holdings explicitly described as inherited (Inherited IRA, Estate of, Beneficiary of, Legacy fund, Bequest). Inherited assets are functionally distinct from earned wealth: they were transferred at death and typically come with stepped-up basis (IRC Section 1014), generation-skipping considerations, and minimum-distribution rules (post-SECURE Act 10-year payout for non-spouse beneficiaries). Heavy inherited-wealth holdings indicate intergenerational wealth transmission — relevant context for the senator's votes on estate tax, stepped-up basis preservation, SECURE Act amendments, and trust-and-estate tax policy. Inherited holdings: Silverpeak Legacy Fund, II LP Company: Silverpeak (New York, · Silverpeak Legacy Fund, III LP Company: Silverpeak (New York.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_inherited_wealth","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"name":"Silverpeak Legacy Fund, II LP Company: Silverpeak (New York, NY) Description: An alternative investment manage","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Silverpeak Legacy Fund, III LP Company: Silverpeak (New York, NY) Description: An alternative investment manag","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions"]},{"id":"P169_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD initiated 1 large new ticker position (≥$100K) — top: SNOXX ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 new ticker position in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: SNOXX ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"SNOXX","asset":"SNOXX - Schwab Treasury Obligation Money Market","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/03b313b5-2492-4264-8fa0-2f14bbafde77/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/03b313b5-2492-4264-8fa0-2f14bbafde77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_TN_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TN delegation: Bill Hagerty & Marsha Blackburn both flagged on 9 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from TN — Bill Hagerty and Marsha Blackburn — are flagged on the same 9 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P11, P29, P36, P81, P82, P83.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"TN","juniorSenatorBid":"B001243","juniorSenatorName":"Marsha Blackburn","sharedDetectorCount":9,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P11","P29","P36","P81","P82","P83","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000601","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001243"]},{"id":"P175_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 PFD reports $6.85M in total liabilities (10 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $6.85M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 10 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 13% of total assets ($52.02M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":6.85,"totalAssetMidM":52.02,"liabCount":10,"leverageRatio":0.132,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_H000601","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty — 90% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (27/30)","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 90% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":30,"atBracket":27,"pct":"90.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_H000601_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Hagerty — 87 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Bill Hagerty's 2025 Senate PFD shows 87 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":87,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36009def-6b4a-4333-a164-75c3b2302752/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B000574":[{"id":"P1_B000574_a3bwn2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL VTR 1d BEFORE HR 2481 — \"Fair Manufactured Housing Lending Act\"","explanation":"Member traded VTR (RealEstate) within 1 days of HR 2481 \"Fair Manufactured Housing Lending Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTR","date":"2024-09-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 2481","title":"Fair Manufactured Housing Lending Act","introducedDate":"2024-09-20","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%202481"]},{"id":"P1_B000574_p4f9n1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY BAX 0d BEFORE HR 5470 — \"Veteran Medical Exams for Distant Areas Act\"","explanation":"Member traded BAX (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 5470 \"Veteran Medical Exams for Distant Areas Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAX","date":"2024-07-09","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5470","title":"Veteran Medical Exams for Distant Areas Act","introducedDate":"2024-07-09","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205470"]},{"id":"P1_B000574_tphsy1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMZN 5d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 5 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-02-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":5,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_B000574_9w2wbo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 7d BEFORE SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-10-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P17_B000574_GE_2017-12-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-12-26 and 2018-01-02, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2017-12-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001107","name":"Carlos Curbelo"}],"span":"2017-12-26 to 2018-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_QCOM_2021-05-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-05-28 and 2021-06-02, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2021-05-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"}],"span":"2021-05-28 to 2021-06-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_QCOM_2018-02-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-02-27 and 2018-03-05, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2018-02-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2018-02-27 to 2018-03-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_WBD_2024-07-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-07-02 and 2024-07-09, 3 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2024-07-02 to 2024-07-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_CNC_2022-09-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CNC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-09-21 and 2022-09-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CNC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2022-09-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CNC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"}],"span":"2022-09-21 to 2022-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_VIAC_2020-02-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought VIAC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-24 and 2020-03-02, 3 members took the same direction on VIAC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","date":"2020-02-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VIAC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2020-02-24 to 2020-03-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_VIAC_2020-02-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought VIAC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-25 and 2020-03-02, 3 members took the same direction on VIAC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","date":"2020-02-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VIAC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2020-02-25 to 2020-03-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_VIAC_2020-02-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought VIAC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-26 and 2020-03-02, 3 members took the same direction on VIAC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","date":"2020-02-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VIAC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2020-02-26 to 2020-03-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_RTX_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-07, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_RTN_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-03, 4 members took the same direction on RTN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_RTN_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RTN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-03, 3 members took the same direction on RTN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_TWX_2018-06-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TWX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-06-15 and 2018-06-15, 3 members took the same direction on TWX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWX","date":"2018-06-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TWX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000397","name":"Zoe Lofgren"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-06-15 to 2018-06-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_FRC_2023-03-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold FRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-15 and 2023-03-20, 4 members took the same direction on FRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FRC","date":"2023-03-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FRC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2023-03-15 to 2023-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B000574_FRC_2023-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-16 and 2023-03-20, 3 members took the same direction on FRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FRC","date":"2023-03-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FRC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2023-03-16 to 2023-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B000574_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Earl Blumenauer executed 30 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2024-04-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2024-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2024-02-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Strengthening the Ability of Consumers To Stop Robocalls","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Ensuring the Reliability and Resiliency of the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline; Rules Concerning Disruptions to Communicat","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2024-01-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B000574_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Earl Blumenauer executed 26 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2024-04-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2023-07-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2023-03-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2022-05-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating Contact Information and Grammatical Terminology in OFAC Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Electronic-Filing Requirements for Specified Returns and Other Documents; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2023-06-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B000574_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Earl Blumenauer executed 6 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2024-04-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2022-03-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2022-02-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation: Trade Agreements Thresholds","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policies and Procedures for the Protection of Proprietary Rights in Technical Information Proposed for Release to Foreig","agency":"Defense Department, Navy Department","date":"2022-02-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B000574_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Earl Blumenauer executed 9 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2022-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2022-03-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2022-03-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Jagua (Genipin-Glycine) Blue; Confirmation of Effective Date","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Radiation Oncology (RO) Model","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2022-08-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B000574_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Earl Blumenauer executed 4 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","date":"2023-12-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-5,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","date":"2022-09-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","date":"2022-03-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","date":"2022-02-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Travel Regulation (FTR); Sustainable Transportation for Official Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel","agency":"General Services Administration","date":"2023-12-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Travel Regulation; Common Carrier Transportation","agency":"General Services Administration","date":"2022-09-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_B000574_Defense","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Defense BUYs filed 35d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Defense (5 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":6,"avgGap":35,"buys":5,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":166,"avgGap":24}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_B000574_1nz9","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57 trades in NWN (Other) — 15% of this member's 374 total trades","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NWN","count":57,"buys":50,"sells":7,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2014-03-21","lastDate":"2024-11-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B000574_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OR D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BLUMENAUER, Earl voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B000574","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Defense)","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Defense","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_B000574_CRM_20220224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $CRM 1 day after a corporate insider (Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)","filingDate":"2022-02-23","adsh":"0001127602-22-006397","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_T_20221005","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $T 1 day after a corporate insider (Erickson Gayn  (CIK 0001364097)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Erickson Gayn  (CIK 0001364097)","filingDate":"2022-10-04","adsh":"0001654954-22-013326","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_CARR_20220803","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CARR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $CARR 1 day after a corporate insider (Bettis Carr  (CIK 0001586216)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CARR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CARR","filer":"Bettis Carr  (CIK 0001586216)","filingDate":"2022-08-02","adsh":"0001415889-22-008130","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_NWN_20221115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NWN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $NWN 1 day after a corporate insider (MCCURDY DAVID K  (CIK 0001069010)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NWN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NWN","filer":"MCCURDY DAVID K  (CIK 0001069010)","filingDate":"2022-11-14","adsh":"0001567619-22-020143","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_F_20230816","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $F 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $F 2 days after a corporate insider (Anne Farnham Rankin Trust 8/15/2012  (CIK 0001567884)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Anne Farnham Rankin Trust 8/15/2012  (CIK 0001567884)","filingDate":"2023-08-14","adsh":"0001127602-23-022506","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_SO_20240404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $SO 2 days after a corporate insider (Traube Robert J.  (CIK 0001791403)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SO","filer":"Traube Robert J.  (CIK 0001791403)","filingDate":"2024-04-02","adsh":"0001423774-24-000089","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_LEG_20210528","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LEG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $LEG 2 days after a corporate insider (Padmanabhan Srikanth  (CIK 0001671209)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LEG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LEG","filer":"Padmanabhan Srikanth  (CIK 0001671209)","filingDate":"2021-05-26","adsh":"0001127602-21-018050","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_IP_20220314","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $IP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $IP 3 days after a corporate insider (RIVERSTONE HOLDINGS LLC  (CIK 0001247497)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IP","filer":"RIVERSTONE HOLDINGS LLC  (CIK 0001247497)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0001104659-22-032897","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_QCOM_20220314","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $QCOM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $QCOM 3 days after a corporate insider (ACEVEDO SYLVIA  (CIK 0001829225)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"ACEVEDO SYLVIA  (CIK 0001829225)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0001888316-22-000019","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_DGX_20200302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DGX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $DGX 3 days after a corporate insider (PREVOZNIK MICHAEL E  (CIK 0001222679)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DGX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DGX","filer":"PREVOZNIK MICHAEL E  (CIK 0001222679)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0001022079-20-000063","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_VTR_20220218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $VTR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $VTR 3 days after a corporate insider (Probst Robert F  (CIK 0001531510)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTR","filer":"Probst Robert F  (CIK 0001531510)","filingDate":"2022-02-15","adsh":"0000740260-22-000051","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_BWA_20200409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BWA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $BWA 3 days after a corporate insider (Nowlan Kevin  (CIK 0001506074)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BWA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BWA","filer":"Nowlan Kevin  (CIK 0001506074)","filingDate":"2020-04-06","adsh":"0001225208-20-006086","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_NWN_20210813","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NWN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $NWN 3 days after a corporate insider (MCCURDY DAVID K  (CIK 0001069010)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NWN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NWN","filer":"MCCURDY DAVID K  (CIK 0001069010)","filingDate":"2021-08-10","adsh":"0001567619-21-014942","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_NWN_20201113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NWN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $NWN 3 days after a corporate insider (Wilhoite Charles A.  (CIK 0001749674)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NWN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NWN","filer":"Wilhoite Charles A.  (CIK 0001749674)","filingDate":"2020-11-10","adsh":"0001567619-20-019076","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_IMAX_20220617","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $IMAX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $IMAX 3 days after a corporate insider (Pamon Steve  (CIK 0001823125)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IMAX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IMAX","filer":"Pamon Steve  (CIK 0001823125)","filingDate":"2022-06-14","adsh":"0001214659-22-008025","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_CB_20200302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CB 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $CB 4 days after a corporate insider (BANCROFT PHILIP V  (CIK 0001164390)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"BANCROFT PHILIP V  (CIK 0001164390)","filingDate":"2020-02-27","adsh":"0001209191-20-013322","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_PFE_20210507","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PFE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $PFE 4 days after a corporate insider (BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)","filingDate":"2021-05-03","adsh":"0001225208-21-007392","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_C_20220314","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $C 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $C 4 days after a corporate insider (Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)","filingDate":"2022-03-10","adsh":"0001209191-22-018046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_NWN_20230815","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NWN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $NWN 4 days after a corporate insider (Peverett Jane L  (CIK 0001407314)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NWN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NWN","filer":"Peverett Jane L  (CIK 0001407314)","filingDate":"2023-08-11","adsh":"0001733998-23-000059","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_NWN_20220513","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NWN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $NWN 4 days after a corporate insider (Lee Karen  (CIK 0001839510)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NWN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NWN","filer":"Lee Karen  (CIK 0001839510)","filingDate":"2022-05-09","adsh":"0001567619-22-009822","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_NWN_20210514","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NWN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $NWN 4 days after a corporate insider (MCCURDY DAVID K  (CIK 0001069010)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NWN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NWN","filer":"MCCURDY DAVID K  (CIK 0001069010)","filingDate":"2021-05-10","adsh":"0001567619-21-009424","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_FE_20220211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $FE 4 days after a corporate insider (Park Hyun  (CIK 0001322841)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FE","filer":"Park Hyun  (CIK 0001322841)","filingDate":"2022-02-07","adsh":"0001127602-22-003539","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_BAC_20200429","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BAC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $BAC 5 days after a corporate insider (Zuber Maria T  (CIK 0001688454)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"Zuber Maria T  (CIK 0001688454)","filingDate":"2020-04-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-014453","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_GD_20200310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $GD 5 days after a corporate insider (Malcolm Mark  (CIK 0001491662)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"Malcolm Mark  (CIK 0001491662)","filingDate":"2020-03-05","adsh":"0001209191-20-016504","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_VTR_20220314","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VTR 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $VTR 5 days after a corporate insider (Liebbe Gregory R  (CIK 0001655010)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTR","filer":"Liebbe Gregory R  (CIK 0001655010)","filingDate":"2022-03-09","adsh":"0000740260-22-000077","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B000574_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+2 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer accumulated 27 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 2 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":2,"totalRaw":27}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_IP_20231108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $IP 1 day before a corporate insider (HORING JEFF  (CIK 0001119324)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IP","filer":"HORING JEFF  (CIK 0001119324)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0000899140-23-001042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_MSFT_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001626431-20-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_AMZN_20240212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2024-02-13","adsh":"0001018724-24-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_CB_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $CB 1 day before a corporate insider (MEDINI PAUL BENNETT  (CIK 0001267926)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"MEDINI PAUL BENNETT  (CIK 0001267926)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-014984"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_KR_20220314","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $KR 1 day before a corporate insider (Tuffin Mark C  (CIK 0001595371)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Tuffin Mark C  (CIK 0001595371)","filingDate":"2022-03-15","adsh":"0001209191-22-018761"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_KR_20210127","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $KR 1 day before a corporate insider (SODERBERG SHAWN MARIE  (CIK 0001591851)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"SODERBERG SHAWN MARIE  (CIK 0001591851)","filingDate":"2021-01-28","adsh":"0001209191-21-005921"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_MCK_20220224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MCK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $MCK 1 day before a corporate insider (Joshi Kriten  (CIK 0001778263)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCK","filer":"Joshi Kriten  (CIK 0001778263)","filingDate":"2022-02-25","adsh":"0001062993-22-005769"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_QCOM_20220314","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $QCOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $QCOM 1 day before a corporate insider (ROSENFELD IRENE B  (CIK 0001082930)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"ROSENFELD IRENE B  (CIK 0001082930)","filingDate":"2022-03-15","adsh":"0001888316-22-000020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_DGX_20220224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DGX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $DGX 1 day before a corporate insider (GUINAN MARK  (CIK 0001505998)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DGX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DGX","filer":"GUINAN MARK  (CIK 0001505998)","filingDate":"2022-02-25","adsh":"0001022079-22-000017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_WBD_20240709","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WBD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $WBD 2 days before a corporate insider (Campbell Bruce  (CIK 0001421985)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Campbell Bruce  (CIK 0001421985)","filingDate":"2024-07-11","adsh":"0001437107-24-000148"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_GD_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $GD 2 days before a corporate insider (Malcolm Mark  (CIK 0001491662)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"Malcolm Mark  (CIK 0001491662)","filingDate":"2020-03-05","adsh":"0001209191-20-016504"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_HPQ_20200602","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HPQ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $HPQ 2 days before a corporate insider (BENNETT ROBERT R  (CIK 0001119603)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HPQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HPQ","filer":"BENNETT ROBERT R  (CIK 0001119603)","filingDate":"2020-06-04","adsh":"0001562180-20-004283"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_VTR_20220223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VTR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $VTR 2 days before a corporate insider (Probst Robert F  (CIK 0001531510)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTR","filer":"Probst Robert F  (CIK 0001531510)","filingDate":"2022-02-25","adsh":"0000740260-22-000063"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_STAY_20210615","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $STAY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $STAY 2 days before a corporate insider (Anand Kapila K  (CIK 0001679166)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STAY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STAY","filer":"Anand Kapila K  (CIK 0001679166)","filingDate":"2021-06-17","adsh":"0000895345-21-000589"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_PFE_20220314","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PFE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $PFE 3 days before a corporate insider (BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)","filingDate":"2022-03-17","adsh":"0001225208-22-004807"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_UL_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $UL 3 days before a corporate insider (HAQ MAHMUD UL  (CIK 0001611078)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UL","filer":"HAQ MAHMUD UL  (CIK 0001611078)","filingDate":"2020-03-06","adsh":"0001493152-20-003550"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_AMGN_20200501","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMGN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $AMGN 4 days before a corporate insider (REESE DAVID M  (CIK 0001748434)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"REESE DAVID M  (CIK 0001748434)","filingDate":"2020-05-05","adsh":"0001127602-20-015556"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_MDT_20200403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MDT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $MDT 4 days before a corporate insider (OLEARY DENISE M  (CIK 0001145159)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"OLEARY DENISE M  (CIK 0001145159)","filingDate":"2020-04-07","adsh":"0001127602-20-013435"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_INTC_20200724","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $INTC 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $INTC 4 days before a corporate insider (SWAN ROBERT HOLMES  (CIK 0001218363)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"SWAN ROBERT HOLMES  (CIK 0001218363)","filingDate":"2020-07-28","adsh":"0001127602-20-022178"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_SBUX_20220314","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SBUX 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $SBUX 4 days before a corporate insider (ALLISON RICHARD E JR  (CIK 0001622500)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ALLISON RICHARD E JR  (CIK 0001622500)","filingDate":"2022-03-18","adsh":"0001127602-22-009987"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_VIAC_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VIAC 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $VIAC 4 days before a corporate insider (Seligman Nicole  (CIK 0001683100)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIAC","filer":"Seligman Nicole  (CIK 0001683100)","filingDate":"2020-03-06","adsh":"0001225208-20-004594"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_RTN_20200403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RTN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $RTN 4 days before a corporate insider (Work Robert O  (CIK 0001714048)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTN","filer":"Work Robert O  (CIK 0001714048)","filingDate":"2020-04-07","adsh":"0001047122-20-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_PEAK_20220223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PEAK 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $PEAK 5 days before a corporate insider (LEVINE PETER  (CIK 0001416237)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEAK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEAK","filer":"LEVINE PETER  (CIK 0001416237)","filingDate":"2022-02-28","adsh":"0001209191-22-013820"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_TEL_20240404","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TEL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer sell $TEL 5 days before a corporate insider (Krubiner Gal  (CIK 0001935363)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TEL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TEL","filer":"Krubiner Gal  (CIK 0001935363)","filingDate":"2024-04-09","adsh":"0001883085-24-000042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_CVS_20200508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CVS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer buy $CVS 5 days before a corporate insider (Lotvin Alan  (CIK 0001472795)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVS","filer":"Lotvin Alan  (CIK 0001472795)","filingDate":"2020-05-13","adsh":"0001127602-20-016337"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B000574_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+29 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer accumulated 54 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 29 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":29,"totalRaw":54}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_B000574_2020-03-27_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MDT 7 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer delivered a 763-word floor speech on 2020-03-27 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, today’s vote is a welcome sign to the hundreds of thousands of Oregonians I represent who are worried about staying healthy, keeping their job, and paying their bills. This legislation is…\"). The member buy $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 7 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-03-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":763,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, today’s vote is a welcome sign to the hundreds of thousands of Oregonians I represent who are worried about staying healthy, keeping their job, and paying their bills. This legislation is","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/27/CREC-2020-03-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/27/CREC-2020-03-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B000574_2018-05-16_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 7 days before a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer delivered a 766-word floor speech on 2018-05-16 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the gentleman’s courtesy in allowing us to join in this conversa- tion, and I strongly identify with what the Representative from the other Portland just said. In fact, North…\"). The member buy $WMT (a Staples-sector stock) 7 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-05-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":766,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the gentleman’s courtesy in allowing us to join in this conversa- tion, and I strongly identify with what the Representative from the other Portland just said. In fact, North","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/05/16/164/80/CREC-2018-05-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/05/16/164/80/CREC-2018-05-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B000574_2018-02-13_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 15 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer delivered a 358-word floor speech on 2018-02-13 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, had I been present for the vote today on H.R. 4533—To designate the health care system of the Department of Veterans Affairs in Lex- ington, Kentucky, as the ‘‘Lexington VA Health Care Sy…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 15 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-02-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":358,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, had I been present for the vote today on H.R. 4533—To designate the health care system of the Department of Veterans Affairs in Lex- ington, Kentucky, as the ‘‘Lexington VA Health Care Sy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/02/13/164/28/CREC-2018-02-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/02/13/164/28/CREC-2018-02-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_B000574_2022-03-10","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"36 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2022-03-10 — 34 unique tickers","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer executed 36 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2022-03-10 to 2022-03-14), spanning 34 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2022-03-10","windowEnd":"2022-03-14","tradeCount":36,"uniqueTickers":34,"totalDisclosedTrades":374,"sampleTickers":["APD","GOOGL","USB","SBUX","CSCO","FRC","INTC","DIS","SIEGY","SAP"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B000574","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 83 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 83 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (14); reg rule trade proximity (5); trade near vote (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":83,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":14},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B000574","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_B000574","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl Blumenauer draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.1M PAC / $30.2M total)","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.1M of $30.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.06,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.16,"pacSharePct":56.6,"cycleCount":29,"fecId":"H6OR03064"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OR03064/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_B000574","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earl Blumenauer disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL PART INTEREST $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL PART INTEREST $250,001 - $500,000 on 2021-04-15 · BUY PART INTEREST $100,001 - $250,000 on 2013-11-01.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":350002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"PART INTEREST","action":"SELL","date":"2021-04-15","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"PART INTEREST","action":"BUY","date":"2013-11-01","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_B000574","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl Blumenauer executed 42 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL NWN (6d apart)","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer has 42 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL NWN 2015-11-13 → 2015-11-19 (6d) · BUY→SELL NWN 2017-02-16 → 2017-02-17 (1d) · BUY→SELL NWN 2017-11-16 → 2017-11-21 (5d) · BUY→SELL NWN 2018-02-15 → 2018-03-07 (20d) · SELL→BUY NWN 2020-08-11 → 2020-08-14 (3d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":42,"samples":[{"ticker":"NWN","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-11-13","date2":"2015-11-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NWN","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-02-16","date2":"2017-02-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"NWN","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-11-16","date2":"2017-11-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"NWN","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-02-15","date2":"2018-03-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NWN","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-08-11","date2":"2020-08-14","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NWN","days":18,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-01-28","date2":"2022-02-15","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VTR","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-23","date2":"2022-03-14","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MDT","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-18","date2":"2022-03-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_B000574","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earl Blumenauer triggers 21 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer accumulates 21 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":21,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_B000574_2022-03-14","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl Blumenauer — 34 trades on 2022-03-14","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer disclosed 34 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2022-03-14). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2022-03-14","count":34}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_B000574","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earl Blumenauer — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (373/374)","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":374,"atBracket":373,"pct":"99.7"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B000574","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl Blumenauer — 116 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer has traded 116 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":116,"sample":["NWN","VTR","MDT","WBD","BAX","CVS","V","DGX","TEL","CAT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_B000574_EndBigOilTaxSubsidie","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earl Blumenauer sponsored \"End Big Oil Tax Subsidies Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"End Big Oil Tax Subsidies Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_B000574_PersonalizeYourCareA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earl Blumenauer sponsored \"Personalize Your Care Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Personalize Your Care Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_B000574_NWN","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl Blumenauer — 57 disclosed trades in single ticker NWN","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer traded NWN on 57 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NWN trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NWN","count":57}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_B000574","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Earl Blumenauer — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Earl Blumenauer has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000574","https://www.congress.gov/member/earl-blumenauer/B000574"]}],"G000589":[{"id":"P1_G000589_4zyyuy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL WAL 0d BEFORE HR 9021 — \"No Tax Breaks for Drug Ads Act\"","explanation":"Member traded WAL (Finance) within 0 days of HR 9021 \"No Tax Breaks for Drug Ads Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2024-11-15","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 9021","title":"No Tax Breaks for Drug Ads Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-15","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%209021"]},{"id":"P2_G000589_9fajpl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Lance Gooden serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lance_Gooden","https://gooden.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://www.ciclt.net/sn/leg_app/po_detail.aspx?ClientCode=slt&P_IDEO=txush05"]},{"id":"P6_G000589_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$824,667 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $824,667 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":824666.5,"oppose":0,"events":14},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_G000589_ucl9o7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$420,714 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NO LABELS ACTION, INC.","explanation":"NO LABELS ACTION, INC. spent $420,714 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00680983","name":"NO LABELS ACTION, INC.","support":420713.73000000004,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680983/"]},{"id":"P6_G000589_udl5kr","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$255,088 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OUR CONSERVATIVE TEXAS FUTURE","explanation":"OUR CONSERVATIVE TEXAS FUTURE spent $255,088 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00666305","name":"OUR CONSERVATIVE TEXAS FUTURE","support":255088.13,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666305/"]},{"id":"P7_G000589_l5g6u7","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,118,751 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,118,751 opposing this member across 156 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4118751.260000001,"totalSupport":1698505.5899999996,"events":156,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1889817.6700000002},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":1559966.23},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":517299.70999999996},{"name":"Priorities USA Action","oppose":151667.65}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000589_e8trzy","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,523 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $71,523 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":71522.78000000001,"oppose":0,"net":71522.78000000001,"events":23,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":63431.920000000006,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":4155.2,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3537.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":397.95,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000589_2dcmlh","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $156,500 / spent $157,344","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00383422","cmteName":"AMERICANS FOR REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":20500,"totalDisbursements":18844,"cashOnHand":2500},{"cmteId":"C00383422","cmteName":"AMERICANS FOR REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":29000,"totalDisbursements":26800,"cashOnHand":4700},{"cmteId":"C00383422","cmteName":"AMERICANS FOR REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":28500,"totalDisbursements":13300,"cashOnHand":19900},{"cmteId":"C00383422","cmteName":"AMERICANS FOR REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":27000,"totalDisbursements":38177.1,"cashOnHand":8722.92},{"cmteId":"C00383422","cmteName":"AMERICANS FOR REPUBLICAN LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":46500,"totalDisbursements":46080.6,"cashOnHand":9142.32}],"totalRaised":156500,"totalSpent":157344}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000589_ms9uwc","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"78% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $2,455,400 in itemized individual contributions, $1,922,852 (78%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2455400,"buckets":{"$200 and under":1766,"$200.01-$499":50638,"$500-$999":148274,"$1000-$1999":331870,"$2000 and over":1922852},"megaShare":78.3,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000589_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lance Gooden executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2024-11-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Crystal Springs of Napa Valley Viticultural Area; Modification of the Calistoga Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2024-10-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000589_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lance Gooden executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRO","date":"2024-07-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; M/V DALI, Transit From the Maryland/Virginia Line, Chesapeake Bay, Thimble Shoal Channel, Norfolk Harbor, a","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-06-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000589_par3oy","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lance Gooden campaign paid $369,676 to 2 surname-matched vendors, top: TODD P'POOL FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL","explanation":"Lance Gooden's campaign paid 3 disbursements totaling $369,676 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TODD P'POOL FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL","total":266975.85,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"TODD P'POOL FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL","amount":240000,"date":"2011-10-24","description":"DIRECT CONTRIBUTION- NON FEDERAL ELECTION","surnameMatched":"pool","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"TODD P'POOL FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL","amount":26975.85,"date":"2011-11-28","description":"DIRECT CONTRIBUTION- NON FEDERAL ELECTION","surnameMatched":"pool","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POOL HOUSE","total":102700,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POOL HOUSE","amount":102700,"date":"2022-10-13","description":"TELEVISION AD BUY REFERRING TO REP. GARRETT GRAVES- GRAVES DELIVERS","surnameMatched":"pool","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TODD%20P'POOL%20FOR%20ATTORNEY%20GENERAL"]},{"id":"P36_G000589","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Lance Gooden has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_G000589_WAL_20241115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WAL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lance Gooden sell $WAL 3 days before a corporate insider (Jarvi Jessica H  (CIK 0001981756)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WAL","filer":"Jarvi Jessica H  (CIK 0001981756)","filingDate":"2024-11-18","adsh":"0001212545-24-000305"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P58_G000589","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$72K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 89% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Lance Gooden received $71,522.78 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($63,431.92 = 89%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":71522.78000000001,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":13396.14,"2012":7773.12,"2014":10893.33,"2016":2158.56,"2018":37301.63,"2022":494.21999999999997},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":63431.920000000006,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":4155.2,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3537.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":397.95,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000589","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $111,845.83","explanation":"Lance Gooden received campaign contributions totaling $111,845.83 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FARM CREDIT BANK OF TEXAS ($21,845.83); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($10,000); ANESTHESIA PRACTICE CONSULTANTS PC (OBO MICHIGANDE ($10,000); DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":111845.83,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK OF TEXAS","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT BANK OF TEXAS","donorTotal":21845.83,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"METROPOLITAN ANESTHESIA CONSULTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ANESTHESIA PRACTICE CONSULTANTS PC (OBO MICHIGANDERS FOR FAIR HEALTHCARE)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_G000589","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 16 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lance Gooden appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 16 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (3); reg rule trade proximity (2); trade near vote (1); committee pac conflict (1); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":16,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000589","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_G000589","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lance Gooden named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: GOODEN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Lance Gooden appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GOODEN VICTORY FUND (C00764126, $1.2M receipts, treasurer PHILLIPS, ROBERT III). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.17,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00764126","name":"GOODEN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1171718.65,"treasurer":"PHILLIPS, ROBERT III","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00764126/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00764126/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00764126/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_G000589","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lance Gooden draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.6M PAC / $12.0M total)","explanation":"Lance Gooden's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.6M of $12.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12,"pacSharePct":47.1,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8TX05144"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX05144/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001220":[{"id":"P1_M001220_136jbi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 2d BEFORE HR 8469 — \"Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce Act of 2024\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 2 days of HR 8469 \"Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce Act of 2024\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-11-13","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8469","title":"Diverse Cybersecurity Workforce Act of 2024","introducedDate":"2024-11-15","daysDiff":-2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208469"]},{"id":"P6_M001220_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$971,553 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $971,553 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":971552.88,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P10_M001220_9g4x6y","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $246,996 / spent $189,879","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00829663","cmteName":"NOT SO OLD FASHIONED PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":15000,"totalDisbursements":592.5,"cashOnHand":14407.5},{"cmteId":"C00829663","cmteName":"NOT SO OLD FASHIONED PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":131146.5,"totalDisbursements":132313.2,"cashOnHand":13240.84},{"cmteId":"C00829663","cmteName":"NOT SO OLD FASHIONED PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":100849.7,"totalDisbursements":56973.6,"cashOnHand":57116.85}],"totalRaised":246996.2,"totalSpent":189879.30000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001220_7fe6qd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,975 donation spike on 2024-03-29 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-29 this committee recorded $63,975 across 57 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,670.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00791392","date":"2024-03-29","amount":63975,"count":57,"baseline":5670,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00791392/"]},{"id":"P15_M001220_jl265i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,847 donation spike on 2021-12-14 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-14 this committee recorded $59,847 across 35 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,556.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00791392","date":"2021-12-14","amount":59847,"count":35,"baseline":9556,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00791392/"]},{"id":"P18_M001220_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Morgan McGarvey executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2024-11-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2023-10-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans Exemption Threshold","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve System, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau","date":"2024-10-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 1, 1A, 1B, and 2","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-09-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001220_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Morgan McGarvey executed 13 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-11-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-11-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-11-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2024-11-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updated License Exception Implemented Export Controls (IEC) Eligible Items and Destinations","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2024-10-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updated License Exception Implemented Export Controls (IEC) Eligible Items and Destinations","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2024-10-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001220_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Morgan McGarvey executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2024-07-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2024-06-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standards for Accessible Medical Diagnostic Equipment","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2024-07-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standards for Accessible Medical Diagnostic Equipment","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2024-07-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001220_dm2z8z","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Morgan McGarvey campaign paid $387,230 to 33 surname-matched vendors, top: GALVIN TECHNOLOGIES INDIANAPOLIS, LLC","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey's campaign paid 76 disbursements totaling $387,230 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GALVIN TECHNOLOGIES INDIANAPOLIS, LLC","total":98215,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"GALVIN TECHNOLOGIES INDIANAPOLIS, LLC","amount":15403.13,"date":"2009-11-20","description":"WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GALVIN TECHNOLOGIES INDIANAPOLIS, LLC","amount":15403.12,"date":"2009-11-06","description":"WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GALVIN TECHNOLOGIES INDIANAPOLIS, LLC","amount":12272.5,"date":"2010-03-12","description":"WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GALVIN, JENNIFER","total":69310.48,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"GALVIN, JENNIFER","amount":35000,"date":"2021-10-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GALVIN, JENNIFER","amount":10000,"date":"2020-09-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GALVIN, JENNIFER","amount":10000,"date":"2021-02-12","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GALVIN, CHRISTOPHER","total":52631.5,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"GALVIN, CHRISTOPHER","amount":31031.5,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GALVIN, CHRISTOPHER","amount":5600,"date":"2020-08-26","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GALVIN, CHRISTOPHER","amount":5600,"date":"2023-09-21","description":"DISGORGED CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GALVIN, ELIZABETH","total":20900,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"GALVIN, ELIZABETH","amount":7000,"date":"2025-09-26","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GALVIN, ELIZABETH","amount":3500,"date":"2025-10-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GALVIN, ELIZABETH","amount":2800,"date":"2020-09-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GALVIN & ASSOCIATES LLC","total":16016.02,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"GALVIN & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":5516.02,"date":"2025-08-12","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GALVIN & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":3000,"date":"2025-09-07","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GALVIN & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":2750,"date":"2012-11-19","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GALVIN, ALYSE S","total":15799.74,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GALVIN, ALYSE S","amount":8082,"date":"2022-04-19","description":"REIMBURSEMENTS- DETAILS BELOW IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GALVIN, ALYSE S","amount":2714.84,"date":"2020-12-04","description":"REIMBURSEMENTS- DETAILS BELOW IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GALVIN, ALYSE S","amount":2565,"date":"2018-07-09","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"galvin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GALVIN%20TECHNOLOGIES%20INDIANAPOLIS"]},{"id":"P36_M001220","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001220_SCHW_20231005","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SCHW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey buy $SCHW 1 day after a corporate insider (Masrani Bharat  (CIK 0001343539)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Masrani Bharat  (CIK 0001343539)","filingDate":"2023-10-04","adsh":"0001062993-23-019017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001220_NVDA_20240531","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)","filingDate":"2024-05-30","adsh":"0001045810-24-000130","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001220_TWLO_20230825","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TWLO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey sell $TWLO 3 days after a corporate insider (DONIO ELENA A.  (CIK 0001219068)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWLO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TWLO","filer":"DONIO ELENA A.  (CIK 0001219068)","filingDate":"2023-08-22","adsh":"0001447669-23-000181","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001220_TSLA_20241025","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey buy $TSLA 3 days before a corporate insider (Taneja Vaibhav  (CIK 0001771340)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Taneja Vaibhav  (CIK 0001771340)","filingDate":"2024-10-28","adsh":"0001771340-24-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001220_SCHW_20241113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SCHW 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey sell $SCHW 5 days before a corporate insider (Ellis Stephen A  (CIK 0001561563)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Ellis Stephen A  (CIK 0001561563)","filingDate":"2024-11-18","adsh":"0001561563-24-000019"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001220_AMZN_20241113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey sell $AMZN 6 days before a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2024-11-19","adsh":"0001018724-24-000185"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001220_NVDA_20230307","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey buy $NVDA 7 days before a corporate insider (Teter Tim  (CIK 0001696841)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Teter Tim  (CIK 0001696841)","filingDate":"2023-03-14","adsh":"0001045810-23-000047"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P52_M001220_AMZN","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $AMZN — AMAZON's PAC also donated $7,363.26","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey executed 2 reported trades in $AMZN (AMAZON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AMAZON.COM\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,363.26 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","parent":"AMAZON","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-07"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AMAZON.COM","parent":"AMAZON","total":7363.26,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON.COM"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON.COM","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_M001220","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $139,298.57","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey received campaign contributions totaling $139,298.57 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 19 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CITIZENS BANK, N.A. ($14,298.57); UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEME ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000); NATIONAL THOROUGHBRED RACING ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":139298.57,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CITIZENS BANK","ldaClient":"CITIZENS BANK, N.A.","donorTotal":14298.57,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","ldaClient":"UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL THOROUGHBRED RACING ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL THOROUGHBRED RACING ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001220","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $63,975 on 2024-03-29 (11.3× normal)","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $63,975 on 2024-03-29 — 11.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":63975,"maxRatio":11.3,"maxAmount":63975},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-29","amount":63975,"ratio":11.3,"baselineDaily":5670,"count":57,"cmteId":"C00791392","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00791392&min_date=2024-03-29&max_date=2024-03-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00791392/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00791392&min_date=2024-03-29&max_date=2024-03-29"]},{"id":"P78_M001220","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (4); reg rule trade proximity (3); insider followed trade (3); daily donation spike (2); trade near vote (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001220","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_M001220","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Morgan McGarvey executed 5 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY NVDA (7d apart)","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey has 5 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY NVDA 2023-02-28 → 2023-03-07 (7d) · BUY→SELL TSLA 2024-10-25 → 2024-11-13 (19d) · BUY→SELL DJT 2024-11-06 → 2024-11-08 (2d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2024-08-13 → 2024-08-19 (6d) · BUY→SELL DAL 2024-06-28 → 2024-07-23 (25d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":5,"samples":[{"ticker":"NVDA","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-02-28","date2":"2023-03-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-10-25","date2":"2024-11-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DJT","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-11-06","date2":"2024-11-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-08-13","date2":"2024-08-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DAL","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-06-28","date2":"2024-07-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_M001220","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Morgan McGarvey's PAC funding concentrates 69% in Finance ($0.27M / $0.40M classified)","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey's PAC donors concentrate 69% in the Finance industry — $0.27M of $0.40M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.27M · Technology $0.04M · Labor $0.03M · Defense $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.27,"totalPacAmountM":0.4,"concentrationPct":69.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.27,"Technology":0.04,"Labor":0.03,"Defense":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2KY03206/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_M001220","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Morgan McGarvey — DW-NOMINATE -0.50 vs KY delegation mean 0.12 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Morgan McGarvey's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.50) is 1.6 standard deviations from the KY delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"KY","memberScore":-0.502,"delegationMean":0.11784615384615388,"zscore":"1.55"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000168":[{"id":"P1_S000168_ajoqo0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY OXY 8d BEFORE HR 7346 — \"Climate and Health Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded OXY (Energy) within 8 days of HR 7346 \"Climate and Health Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","date":"2024-10-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7346","title":"Climate and Health Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-02","daysDiff":-8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207346"]},{"id":"P1_S000168_1w1sz1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CWEN 8d BEFORE HR 7346 — \"Climate and Health Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded CWEN (Energy) within 8 days of HR 7346 \"Climate and Health Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CWEN","date":"2024-10-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7346","title":"Climate and Health Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-11-02","daysDiff":-8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207346"]},{"id":"P1_S000168_8s8vkl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NFE 9d BEFORE HJRES 88 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded NFE (Energy) within 9 days of HJRES 88 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFE","date":"2024-05-01","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 88","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Sec","introducedDate":"2024-05-10","daysDiff":-9}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2088"]},{"id":"P1_S000168_qk0h9d","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CWEN 14d BEFORE HJRES 88 — \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chap…\"","explanation":"Member traded CWEN (Energy) within 14 days of HJRES 88 \"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CWEN","date":"2024-04-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 88","title":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Sec","introducedDate":"2024-05-10","daysDiff":-14}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2088"]},{"id":"P3_S000168_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 67% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 2 times (67%). In the same period they made 8 BUYS vs 4 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":2,"yesRate":67},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":8,"sells":4,"netBuy":4,"total":12}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_S000168_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$972,609 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $972,609 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 94 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":972608.9199999997,"oppose":0,"events":94}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_S000168_7hdiq4","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,941,971 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,941,971 opposing this member across 210 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2941970.8400000003,"totalSupport":1531244.4500000002,"events":210,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1031865.39},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":763073.3099999999},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":636299.61},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":139443.66999999998},{"name":"CHANGE NOW","oppose":98912.66}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S000168_6qahkk","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$43,827 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $43,827 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":43827.16,"oppose":0,"net":43827.16,"events":28,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":25169.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":11071.06,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":4194,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":1426.7400000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1326.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S000168_5o4074","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $674,360 / spent $652,673","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00769695","cmteName":"FREEDOM FORCE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":283665,"totalDisbursements":218119.8,"cashOnHand":57151.62},{"cmteId":"C00769695","cmteName":"FREEDOM FORCE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":306392.3,"totalDisbursements":346543.9,"cashOnHand":16999.99},{"cmteId":"C00769695","cmteName":"FREEDOM FORCE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":84302.6,"totalDisbursements":88008.8,"cashOnHand":13293.84}],"totalRaised":674359.9,"totalSpent":652672.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S000168_74jlpg","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"83% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $8,182,481 in itemized individual contributions, $6,767,306 (83%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":8182481,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-680190,"$200.01-$499":250875,"$500-$999":549759,"$1000-$1999":1294731,"$2000 and over":6767306},"megaShare":82.7,"smallDonorShare":-8.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S000168_oc4lh4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,250 donation spike on 2018-09-28 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-28 this committee recorded $95,250 across 67 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,685.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00671859","date":"2018-09-28","amount":95250,"count":67,"baseline":10685,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00671859/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_lm24gg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$168,635 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $168,635 across 102 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,852.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2020-06-30","amount":168635,"count":102,"baseline":13852,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_k2ba16","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$133,156 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $133,156 across 105 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,958.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2022-03-31","amount":133156,"count":105,"baseline":12958,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_lm41f1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$112,566 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $112,566 across 144 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,603.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2020-09-30","amount":112566,"count":144,"baseline":15603,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_yqpk97","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,125 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $106,125 across 61 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,790.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2021-03-31","amount":106125,"count":61,"baseline":9790,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_h65zlz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,500 donation spike on 2019-09-21 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-21 this committee recorded $91,500 across 33 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,148.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2019-09-21","amount":91500,"count":33,"baseline":12148,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_lm07fg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,900 donation spike on 2020-03-06 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-06 this committee recorded $85,900 across 44 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,803.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2020-03-06","amount":85900,"count":44,"baseline":6803,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_k27g41","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,446 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $85,446 across 70 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,486.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2022-09-30","amount":85446,"count":70,"baseline":10486,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_h5qnxc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,200 donation spike on 2019-12-20 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-20 this committee recorded $81,200 across 36 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,303.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2019-12-20","amount":81200,"count":36,"baseline":10303,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P15_S000168_nyxhlh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,250 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $78,250 across 28 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,330.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714261","date":"2025-06-30","amount":78250,"count":28,"baseline":5330,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/"]},{"id":"P18_S000168_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Maria Salazar executed 12 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AR","date":"2024-10-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","date":"2024-10-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CWEN","date":"2024-10-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AR","date":"2024-08-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"North Carolina: Final Approval of State Underground Storage Tank Program Revisions, Codification, and Incorporation by R","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2024-10-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expanded Burial Benefits","agency":"Veterans Affairs Department","date":"2024-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S000168_sc6goe","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maria Salazar campaign paid $2,477,948 to 58 surname-matched vendors, top: MARKS & SOKOLOV LLC","explanation":"Maria Salazar's campaign paid 247 disbursements totaling $2,477,948 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARKS & SOKOLOV LLC","total":346657.02,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MARKS & SOKOLOV LLC","amount":131841.9,"date":"2020-11-23","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARKS & SOKOLOV LLC","amount":125400,"date":"2020-12-30","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARKS & SOKOLOV LLC","amount":59415.12,"date":"2020-12-04","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SALAZAR, MARIA ELVIRA","total":275968.82,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SALAZAR, MARIA ELVIRA","amount":62000,"date":"2021-05-17","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"salazar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SALAZAR, MARIA ELVIRA","amount":62000,"date":"2021-05-11","description":"PAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"salazar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SALAZAR, MARIA ELVIRA","amount":50000,"date":"2021-05-17","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"salazar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ON YOUR MARKS","total":229005.11000000002,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"ON YOUR MARKS","amount":37482.1,"date":"2014-01-04","description":"ADVERTISING: SIGN DESIGN AND PRINTING","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ON YOUR MARKS","amount":33091.57,"date":"2014-07-31","description":"ADVERTISING: SIGN DESIGN AND PRINTING","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ON YOUR MARKS","amount":18967,"date":"2008-04-07","description":"YARD SIGNS","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARKS, STEPHEN","total":183198.66,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MARKS, STEPHEN","amount":163077.95,"date":"2018-09-15","description":"","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MARKS, STEPHEN","amount":14044.71,"date":"2007-12-11","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MARKS, STEPHEN","amount":6076,"date":"2008-09-26","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"marks","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARKS%20%26%20SOKOLOV%20LLC"]},{"id":"P25_S000168_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of PAC dollars ($1,221,435) come from Party industry","explanation":"Maria Salazar receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1221434.6400000001,"share":73.3,"totalPAC":1667307.9000000004,"pacCount":7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1221434.6400000001,"share":73.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":196289.5,"share":11.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":131814.09,"share":7.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":111169.67,"share":6.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S000168","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"20% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.1× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 25 disclosed trades, 5 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.1× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":5,"total":25,"rate":20},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.11}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S000168","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Maria Salazar has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S000168_LNG_20230516","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LNG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Maria Salazar sell $LNG 1 day after a corporate insider (Edwards Brian E  (CIK 0001948618)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LNG","filer":"Edwards Brian E  (CIK 0001948618)","filingDate":"2023-05-15","adsh":"0000003570-23-000069","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000168_OKE_20230516","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $OKE 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Maria Salazar sell $OKE 10 days before a corporate insider (MOGG JIM W  (CIK 0001237472)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OKE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OKE","filer":"MOGG JIM W  (CIK 0001237472)","filingDate":"2023-05-26","adsh":"0001237472-23-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_S000168","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $19,800","explanation":"Maria Salazar received campaign contributions totaling $19,800 from 3 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION ($6,600); JOSEPH MILTON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS ($6,600); ROBERT ALLEN LAW ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":3,"totalDollars":19800,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SCHWAB, CHARLES","ldaClient":"CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MILTON, JOSEPH","ldaClient":"JOSEPH MILTON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLEN, ROBERT N. MR. JR.","ldaClient":"ROBERT ALLEN LAW","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S000168","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $168,635 on 2020-06-30 (12.2× normal)","explanation":"Maria Salazar's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $168,635 on 2020-06-30 — 12.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":572066,"maxRatio":14.7,"maxAmount":168635},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-06-30","amount":168635,"ratio":12.2,"baselineDaily":13852,"count":102,"cmteId":"C00714261","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714261&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":133156,"ratio":10.3,"baselineDaily":12958,"count":105,"cmteId":"C00714261","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714261&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-31","amount":106125,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":9790,"count":61,"cmteId":"C00714261","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714261&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-03-06","amount":85900,"ratio":12.6,"baselineDaily":6803,"count":44,"cmteId":"C00714261","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714261&min_date=2020-03-06&max_date=2020-03-06"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":78250,"ratio":14.7,"baselineDaily":5330,"count":28,"cmteId":"C00714261","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714261&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714261/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714261&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_S000168","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Maria Salazar appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (10); trade near vote (4); vote trade alignment (1); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":10},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S000168","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S000168","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maria Salazar's campaign paid $33,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: SALAZAR, FRANCISCO G. ($18,000)","explanation":"Maria Salazar's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $33,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SALAZAR, FRANCISCO G. ($18,000 across 1 payments, services: CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE). Cycles covered: 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":33000,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SALAZAR, FRANCISCO G.","total":18000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE"]},{"payee":"SALAZAR, ROGER","total":15000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEE"]}],"surname":"salazar"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8FL27185&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_S000168","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maria Salazar named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.6M total receipts) — top: SALAZAR VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Maria Salazar appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: SALAZAR VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00769711, $3.6M receipts, treasurer MARKS, NANCY). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.58,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00769711","name":"SALAZAR VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":3575383.49,"treasurer":"MARKS, NANCY","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00769711/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00769711/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00769711/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P140_S000168","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maria Salazar disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY ET $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Maria Salazar has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY ET $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-03-13 · SELL TYG $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-03-13 · BUY CANO $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-02-14.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":450003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ET","action":"BUY","date":"2023-03-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TYG","action":"SELL","date":"2023-03-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CANO","action":"BUY","date":"2022-02-14","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_S000168","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maria Salazar's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($0.13M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Maria Salazar's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $0.13M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.13M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.13,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.13}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8FL27185/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"J000307":[{"id":"P1_J000307_7b6g1d","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 8929 — \"User Data Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 8929 \"User Data Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-09-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8929","title":"User Data Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-09-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208929"]},{"id":"P2_J000307_gmz1ln","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"JKLC VICTORY FUND gave $23,578 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John James serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $23,578 from JKLC VICTORY FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JKLC VICTORY FUND","total":23578.15,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000307","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_(Michigan_politician)","https://www.gongwer.com/directories/bio.cfm?nameid=488901"]},{"id":"P2_J000307_suung4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LEAN FORWARD AMERICA FUND gave $13,374 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John James serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $13,374 from LEAN FORWARD AMERICA FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LEAN FORWARD AMERICA FUND","total":13374.12,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000307","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_(Michigan_politician)","https://www.gongwer.com/directories/bio.cfm?nameid=488901"]},{"id":"P2_J000307_igdbp0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION-PAC EARMARKS gave $7,800 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"John James serves on committees regulating Energy (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $7,800 from REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION-PAC EARMARKS, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION-PAC EARMARKS","total":7799.9,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000307","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_(Michigan_politician)","https://www.gongwer.com/directories/bio.cfm?nameid=488901"]},{"id":"P2_J000307_6xek9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICHIGAN VICTORY FUND 2024 gave $6,700 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John James serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $6,700 from MICHIGAN VICTORY FUND 2024, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICHIGAN VICTORY FUND 2024","total":6700,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000307","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_(Michigan_politician)","https://www.gongwer.com/directories/bio.cfm?nameid=488901"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_uv4j5j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,227,086 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americas PAC","explanation":"Americas PAC spent $2,227,086 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00559906","name":"Americas PAC","support":2227086,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00559906/"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,767,913 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $1,767,913 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 110 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":1767913.4299999997,"oppose":0,"events":110}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_x91pen","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,518,374 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Michigan Republican Party","explanation":"Michigan Republican Party spent $1,518,374 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00041160","name":"Michigan Republican Party","support":1518374.4,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00041160/"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,503,839 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Conservatives Fund","explanation":"Senate Conservatives Fund spent $1,503,839 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 299 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"Senate Conservatives Fund","support":1503838.8499999999,"oppose":0,"events":299}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_vaise1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,420,978 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ESAFund","explanation":"ESAFund spent $1,420,978 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489856","name":"ESAFund","support":1420978.44,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489856/"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_uczyil","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$607,188 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OUTSIDER PAC","explanation":"OUTSIDER PAC spent $607,188 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00678920","name":"OUTSIDER PAC","support":607187.5,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00678920/"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_tx76zo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$572,770 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC. spent $572,770 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00750182","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","support":572770.3600000001,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750182/"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_tyrcim","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$465,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BETTER FUTURE MI FUND","explanation":"BETTER FUTURE MI FUND spent $465,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00725317","name":"BETTER FUTURE MI FUND","support":465000,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00725317/"]},{"id":"P6_J000307_twnejf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$270,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","explanation":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND spent $270,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00760124","name":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","support":270000,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760124/"]},{"id":"P7_J000307_6xgn0f","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $52,185,827 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $52,185,827 opposing this member across 989 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":52185826.529999994,"totalSupport":12642979.359999985,"events":989,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":34398246.86},{"name":"HMP","oppose":7780358.009999999},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","oppose":3558144.4499999997},{"name":"NEA Advocacy Fund","oppose":1509172.65},{"name":"MI Planned Parenthood Votes","oppose":1481881.0500000003}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_J000307_5cgesn","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,193 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $56,193 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":56193.26,"oppose":0,"net":56193.26,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":54624.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1568.81,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_J000307_l9bjsd","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $429,585 / spent $427,838","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00774588","cmteName":"MISSION FIRST PEOPLE ALWAYS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":402998.9,"totalDisbursements":281666.2,"cashOnHand":143139.45},{"cmteId":"C00774588","cmteName":"MISSION FIRST PEOPLE ALWAYS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":26586,"totalDisbursements":146171.6,"cashOnHand":23553.85}],"totalRaised":429584.9,"totalSpent":427837.80000000005}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_J000307_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"46353 employees of RETIRED gave $10,508,916 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 46353× RETIRED = $10,508,916; 18787× RETIRED = $2,186,388; 5149× SELF-EMPLOYED = $2,132,003. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":46353,"total":10508916,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":18787,"total":2186388,"years":["2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":5149,"total":2132003,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000307_5284f9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$356,314 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $356,314 across 1439 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $55,951.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00651208","date":"2020-06-30","amount":356314,"count":1439,"baseline":55951,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651208/"]},{"id":"P15_J000307_jqj7n7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$338,167 donation spike on 2021-01-05 — 17.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-01-05 this committee recorded $338,167 across 177 contributions — 17.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,404.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00651208","date":"2021-01-05","amount":338167,"count":177,"baseline":19404,"ratio":17.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651208/"]},{"id":"P15_J000307_xpzzmc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$306,328 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $306,328 across 292 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,351.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00651208","date":"2019-09-30","amount":306328,"count":292,"baseline":30351,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651208/"]},{"id":"P15_J000307_xq1wkx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$241,649 donation spike on 2019-06-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-30 this committee recorded $241,649 across 180 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,658.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00651208","date":"2019-06-30","amount":241649,"count":180,"baseline":30658,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651208/"]},{"id":"P15_J000307_jqlrlc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$223,876 donation spike on 2021-05-06 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-05-06 this committee recorded $223,876 across 167 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,039.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00651208","date":"2021-05-06","amount":223876,"count":167,"baseline":21039,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651208/"]},{"id":"P15_J000307_7yqtlf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$165,473 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $165,473 across 106 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,225.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00651208","date":"2017-12-31","amount":165473,"count":106,"baseline":18225,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651208/"]},{"id":"P15_J000307_cwihk1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,052 donation spike on 2025-07-01 — 26.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-07-01 this committee recorded $86,052 across 35 contributions — 26.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,210.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00803502","date":"2025-07-01","amount":86052,"count":35,"baseline":3210,"ratio":26.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00803502/"]},{"id":"P17_J000307_LRCX_2024-07-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LRCX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-07-26 and 2024-08-02, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on LRCX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2024-07-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LRCX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001236","name":"John Boozman"},{"bioguideId":"J000307","name":"John James"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2024-07-26 to 2024-08-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000307_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"52 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John James executed 52 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTSH","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Allocation of Spectrum for Non-Federal Space Launch Operations; Federal Earth Stations Communicating With Non-Federal Fi","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2024-08-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Allocation of Spectrum for Non-Federal Space Launch Operations; Federal Earth Stations Communicating With Non-Federal Fi","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2024-08-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000307_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John James executed 8 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2024-01-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Changes to the Medicare Advantage and the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit Program for Contract Year","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2024-08-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Changes to the Medicare Advantage and the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit Program for Contract Year","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2024-08-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000307_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John James executed 13 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WEC","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulations; Recurring Marine Events, Sector Key West, Update; Correction","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-08-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulations; Recurring Marine Events, Sector Key West, Update; Correction","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-08-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000307_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John James executed 30 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$985.47"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation Models","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, National Credit Union Administration, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Federal Housing Finance Agency","date":"2024-08-07"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation Models","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, National Credit Union Administration, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Federal Housing Finance Agency","date":"2024-08-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000307_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John James executed 6 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2024-08-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2024-08-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000307_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John James executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2024-08-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Reciprocal Switching for Inadequate Service; Correction","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2024-08-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000307_ioydp1","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John James campaign paid $57,139,327 to 70 surname-matched vendors, top: HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","explanation":"John James's campaign paid 347 disbursements totaling $57,139,327 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","total":16047051.340000002,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":4975772.54,"date":"2020-12-22","description":"RECOUNT: PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":3233764.7,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":2045740.8,"date":"2019-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RENACCI, JAMES B.","total":7472505.109999999,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RENACCI, JAMES B.","amount":4000000,"date":"2018-05-09","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"james","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RENACCI, JAMES B.","amount":3472505.11,"date":"2018-11-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"james","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","total":5938193.489999999,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","amount":1305785.7,"date":"2004-09-29","description":"FEA:DIRECT MAIL - GOTV","surnameMatched":"james","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","amount":1023003.28,"date":"2006-09-01","description":"FEA:DIRECT MAIL - GOTV","surnameMatched":"james","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","amount":957000,"date":"2004-10-12","description":"FEA:EXEMPT/SLATE CARDS-GOTV","surnameMatched":"james","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES, VIRGINIA","total":3058894,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES, VIRGINIA","amount":1029793,"date":"2024-03-22","description":"IN-KIND - STOCK DONATION","surnameMatched":"james","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JAMES, VIRGINIA","amount":1021891,"date":"2023-08-16","description":"IN-KIND - DONATION MADE BY STOCK","surnameMatched":"james","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JAMES, VIRGINIA","amount":1007210,"date":"2022-10-12","description":"IN-KIND - DONATION MADE BY STOCK","surnameMatched":"james","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","total":2826716.8,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":387369.26,"date":"2015-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":310000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"ONLINE ADS","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":276454.73,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"ADVERTISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BMO HARRIS","total":2610678.69,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":1100000,"date":"2024-07-09","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":999999,"date":"2024-08-29","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":510679.69,"date":"2024-09-19","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HARRIS%20SIKES%20MEDIA%20LLC"]},{"id":"P20_J000307_26939t","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 13 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"John James sits on committees overseeing Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas and traded 13 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":155609221.67,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services","Department of Commerce","Department of Defense"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2818221.0700000003,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CAH","date":"2024-09-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":5157653.909999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_J000307_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare BUYs filed 144d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Healthcare (10 buys vs 9 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":19,"avgGap":144,"buys":10,"sells":9},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":183,"avgGap":136}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_J000307_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 164d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (12 buys vs 10 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":22,"avgGap":164,"buys":12,"sells":10},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":183,"avgGap":136}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_J000307_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of PAC dollars ($2,620,101) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"John James receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":2620101.2699999996,"share":71.9,"totalPAC":3642076.2199999993,"pacCount":14},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":2620101.2699999996,"share":71.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":605893.16,"share":16.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":149708,"share":4.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":118037.82999999999,"share":3.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_J000307_duqhzw","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"DATWYLER THOMAS\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00869743","name":"LEAN FORWARD AMERICA FUND","treasurer":"DATWYLER THOMAS"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00868174","name":"JKLC VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"DATWYLER THOMAS"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00830810","name":"PROTECT THE HOUSE 2024","treasurer":"DATWYLER THOMAS"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_J000307","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"53% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 8.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 266 disclosed trades, 142 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 8.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":142,"total":266,"rate":53.4},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":8.29}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_J000307","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 7 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"John James sits on committees regulating Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas and actively trades in Healthcare, Technology, Telecom, Pharma, Energy, Defense, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":19},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":52},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":8},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":8},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":13},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":6},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_J000307","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"John James has findings in 17 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":17,"totalFindings":40,"highSeverityCount":22,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_J000307_SO_20231201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in SO 21 days before FTC action","explanation":"John James traded SO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-12-01","title":"FTC Order Requires Old Southern Brass to Pay for False Claims of “Made in the USA” and Veteran Affiliations","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/12/ftc-order-requires-old-southern-brass-pay-false-claims-made-usa-veteran-affiliations"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/12/ftc-order-requires-old-southern-brass-pay-false-claims-made-usa-veteran-affiliations"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_ADP_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $ADP 1 day after a corporate insider (Haynesworth Linnie M  (CIK 0001790292)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADP","filer":"Haynesworth Linnie M  (CIK 0001790292)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0001225208-23-010133","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_CSCO_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CSCO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $CSCO 1 day after a corporate insider (Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)","filingDate":"2024-09-03","adsh":"0001127602-24-023288","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_ZBRA_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ZBRA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $ZBRA 1 day after a corporate insider (Burns Bill  (CIK 0001644617)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZBRA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZBRA","filer":"Burns Bill  (CIK 0001644617)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0000877212-23-000160","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_JNJ_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JNJ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $JNJ 1 day after a corporate insider (Decker Robert J  (CIK 0001798703)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Decker Robert J  (CIK 0001798703)","filingDate":"2024-09-03","adsh":"0001225208-24-008326","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_NVDA_20240313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2024-03-12","adsh":"0001045810-24-000062","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_WFC_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WFC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $WFC 1 day after a corporate insider (DAVIS RICHARD K  (CIK 0001185480)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"DAVIS RICHARD K  (CIK 0001185480)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0001127602-23-027095","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_TXN_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TXN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $TXN 1 day after a corporate insider (Roberts Mark T.  (CIK 0001859255)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXN","filer":"Roberts Mark T.  (CIK 0001859255)","filingDate":"2024-09-03","adsh":"0001127602-24-023315","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_BK_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $BK 1 day after a corporate insider (Horowitz Joshua  (CIK 0001612424)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BK","filer":"Horowitz Joshua  (CIK 0001612424)","filingDate":"2024-09-03","adsh":"0001654954-24-011437","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_WMT_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $WMT 1 day after a corporate insider (Nicholas Christopher James  (CIK 0001992808)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Nicholas Christopher James  (CIK 0001992808)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0001127602-23-027123","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_META_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0000950103-23-016150","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_ROST_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ROST 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $ROST 1 day after a corporate insider (Rost Nicholas  (CIK 0001880681)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROST","filer":"Rost Nicholas  (CIK 0001880681)","filingDate":"2023-11-09","adsh":"0001591698-23-000240","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_WEC_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WEC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $WEC 1 day after a corporate insider (Straka Mary Beth  (CIK 0001647118)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WEC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WEC","filer":"Straka Mary Beth  (CIK 0001647118)","filingDate":"2024-09-03","adsh":"0000107815-24-000228","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_UNH_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $UNH 2 days after a corporate insider (WITTY ANDREW  (CIK 0001711304)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"WITTY ANDREW  (CIK 0001711304)","filingDate":"2023-11-08","adsh":"0000731766-23-000066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_TMO_20240306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $TMO 2 days after a corporate insider (CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)","filingDate":"2024-03-04","adsh":"0001127602-24-008146","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_DG_20240603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $DG 3 days after a corporate insider (TSG7 A AIV VI Holdings-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001882775)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"TSG7 A AIV VI Holdings-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001882775)","filingDate":"2024-05-31","adsh":"0000950170-24-067562","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_AVGO_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AVGO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $AVGO 3 days after a corporate insider (Kawwas Charlie B  (CIK 0001608425)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Kawwas Charlie B  (CIK 0001608425)","filingDate":"2023-11-07","adsh":"0001730168-23-000086","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_ITW_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ITW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $ITW 3 days after a corporate insider (Brutto Daniel J  (CIK 0001415303)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ITW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ITW","filer":"Brutto Daniel J  (CIK 0001415303)","filingDate":"2023-11-07","adsh":"0001415303-23-000009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_MMC_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MMC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $MMC 3 days after a corporate insider (Jones John Jude  (CIK 0001959460)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMC","filer":"Jones John Jude  (CIK 0001959460)","filingDate":"2023-11-07","adsh":"0001127602-23-026945","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_UL_20240506","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $UL 3 days after a corporate insider (Chapin Linda S  (CIK 0001939945)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UL","filer":"Chapin Linda S  (CIK 0001939945)","filingDate":"2024-05-03","adsh":"0001493152-24-017799","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_AMZN_20231110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $AMZN 4 days after a corporate insider (Selipsky Adam  (CIK 0001684974)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Selipsky Adam  (CIK 0001684974)","filingDate":"2023-11-06","adsh":"0001104659-23-114815","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_V_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $V 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $V 5 days after a corporate insider (Leonard Green & Partners, L.P.  (CIK 0001175523)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Leonard Green & Partners, L.P.  (CIK 0001175523)","filingDate":"2024-08-30","adsh":"0000950170-24-102513","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_CTSH_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CTSH 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $CTSH 5 days after a corporate insider (Schot Abraham  (CIK 0001970614)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTSH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTSH","filer":"Schot Abraham  (CIK 0001970614)","filingDate":"2024-08-30","adsh":"0001058290-24-000274","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_BAC_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BAC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $BAC 5 days after a corporate insider (Nguyen Thong M  (CIK 0001618734)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"Nguyen Thong M  (CIK 0001618734)","filingDate":"2024-08-30","adsh":"0001127602-24-023233","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_MDLZ_20240305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MDLZ 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $MDLZ 5 days after a corporate insider (Valle Gustavo Carlos  (CIK 0001801568)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDLZ","filer":"Valle Gustavo Carlos  (CIK 0001801568)","filingDate":"2024-02-29","adsh":"0000950170-24-023208","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000307_HON_20240904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HON 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $HON 5 days after a corporate insider (Hon Hsiao-Wuen  (CIK 0001715983)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Hon Hsiao-Wuen  (CIK 0001715983)","filingDate":"2024-08-30","adsh":"0001280263-24-000039","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_GOOGL_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2024-09-05","adsh":"0000950170-24-103909"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_CB_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $CB 1 day before a corporate insider (ATIEH MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001072501)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"ATIEH MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001072501)","filingDate":"2024-09-05","adsh":"0001213900-24-075871"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_TMO_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TMO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $TMO 1 day before a corporate insider (CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)","filingDate":"2024-09-05","adsh":"0001127602-24-023564"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_AVB_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AVB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $AVB 1 day before a corporate insider (Howard Christopher B.  (CIK 0001862706)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVB","filer":"Howard Christopher B.  (CIK 0001862706)","filingDate":"2024-09-05","adsh":"0000950170-24-103989"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_PEG_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PEG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $PEG 1 day before a corporate insider (LaRossa Ralph A  (CIK 0001377477)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEG","filer":"LaRossa Ralph A  (CIK 0001377477)","filingDate":"2024-09-05","adsh":"0001225208-24-008483"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_ADP_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $ADP 2 days before a corporate insider (Black Maria  (CIK 0001608466)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADP","filer":"Black Maria  (CIK 0001608466)","filingDate":"2024-09-06","adsh":"0001225208-24-008523"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_ACN_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ACN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $ACN 2 days before a corporate insider (Sharma Manish  (CIK 0001911109)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Sharma Manish  (CIK 0001911109)","filingDate":"2024-09-06","adsh":"0001467373-24-000262"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_MRK_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MRK 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $MRK 3 days before a corporate insider (Oosthuizen Johannes Jacobus  (CIK 0001916310)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Oosthuizen Johannes Jacobus  (CIK 0001916310)","filingDate":"2023-11-13","adsh":"0001127602-23-027135"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_COP_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COP 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $COP 3 days before a corporate insider (Giraud C William  (CIK 0001476294)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COP","filer":"Giraud C William  (CIK 0001476294)","filingDate":"2023-11-13","adsh":"0001209191-23-055037"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_ROST_20240813","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ROST 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $ROST 3 days before a corporate insider (Rost Nicholas  (CIK 0001880681)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROST","filer":"Rost Nicholas  (CIK 0001880681)","filingDate":"2024-08-16","adsh":"0001591698-24-000163"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_SKX_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SKX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $SKX 3 days before a corporate insider (BLAIR KATHERINE J.  (CIK 0001777032)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SKX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SKX","filer":"BLAIR KATHERINE J.  (CIK 0001777032)","filingDate":"2023-11-13","adsh":"0001209191-23-054956"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_MSFT_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (Young Christopher David  (CIK 0001647655)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Young Christopher David  (CIK 0001647655)","filingDate":"2023-11-14","adsh":"0001062993-23-020839"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_LPLA_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LPLA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $LPLA 4 days before a corporate insider (Arnold Dan H.  (CIK 0001487487)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LPLA","filer":"Arnold Dan H.  (CIK 0001487487)","filingDate":"2023-11-14","adsh":"0001397911-23-000166"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_HUM_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HUM 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $HUM 4 days before a corporate insider (RAMASWAMI RAJIV  (CIK 0001483009)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HUM","filer":"RAMASWAMI RAJIV  (CIK 0001483009)","filingDate":"2023-11-14","adsh":"0000950170-23-063970"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_RGA_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RGA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $RGA 4 days before a corporate insider (LARSON TODD C  (CIK 0001184441)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RGA","filer":"LARSON TODD C  (CIK 0001184441)","filingDate":"2023-11-14","adsh":"0000898174-23-000143"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_MSFT_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $MSFT 5 days before a corporate insider (Mason Mark  (CIK 0001487290)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Mason Mark  (CIK 0001487290)","filingDate":"2024-09-09","adsh":"0001062993-24-016340"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_AXTA_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AXTA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $AXTA 5 days before a corporate insider (Massey Anthony  (CIK 0001775582)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXTA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXTA","filer":"Massey Anthony  (CIK 0001775582)","filingDate":"2023-11-15","adsh":"0001209191-23-055412"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_LH_20240306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LH 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $LH 5 days before a corporate insider (Summy Amy B.  (CIK 0001805303)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LH","filer":"Summy Amy B.  (CIK 0001805303)","filingDate":"2024-03-11","adsh":"0001127602-24-009300"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_PGR_20240410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PGR 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $PGR 6 days before a corporate insider (Snyder Barbara R  (CIK 0001496583)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Snyder Barbara R  (CIK 0001496583)","filingDate":"2024-04-16","adsh":"0001127602-24-012955"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_ACN_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ACN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $ACN 6 days before a corporate insider (Shook Ellyn  (CIK 0001600370)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Shook Ellyn  (CIK 0001600370)","filingDate":"2023-11-16","adsh":"0001467373-23-000365"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_UNH_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $UNH 6 days before a corporate insider (HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)","filingDate":"2024-09-10","adsh":"0000731766-24-000264"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_VZ_20240326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)","filingDate":"2024-04-01","adsh":"0001062993-24-007482"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_WAB_20240214","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WAB 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $WAB 6 days before a corporate insider (Schweitzer Pascal  (CIK 0001767838)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WAB","filer":"Schweitzer Pascal  (CIK 0001767838)","filingDate":"2024-02-20","adsh":"0000943452-24-000028"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_DG_20231110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DG 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James buy $DG 7 days before a corporate insider (TSG7 A AIV VI Holdings-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001882775)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"TSG7 A AIV VI Holdings-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001882775)","filingDate":"2023-11-17","adsh":"0000950170-23-064962"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_TT_20240904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John James sell $TT 7 days before a corporate insider (Griffith William J.G.  (CIK 0001688124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TT","filer":"Griffith William J.G.  (CIK 0001688124)","filingDate":"2024-09-11","adsh":"0000950170-24-105613"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000307_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+19 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John James accumulated 44 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 19 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":19,"totalRaw":44}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_J000307_2024-09-25_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 21 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"John James delivered a 202-word floor speech on 2024-09-25 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today to congratulate the West Point class of 2024 for graduating this past spring and for their continued commit- ment to service. It is no small feat. I, myself, a West Point g…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-09-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":202,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today to congratulate the West Point class of 2024 for graduating this past spring and for their continued commit- ment to service. It is no small feat. I, myself, a West Point g","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/09/25/170/150/CREC-2024-09-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/09/25/170/150/CREC-2024-09-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_J000307_2024-09-17_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ABT 13 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"John James delivered a 310-word floor speech on 2024-09-17 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Washington (Mrs. RODGERS ), my chairwoman, friend, and mentor, for her stellar lead- ership and for giving me a shot. One of the big reasons why I ran for Con…\"). The member sell $ABT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-09-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":310,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Washington (Mrs. RODGERS ), my chairwoman, friend, and mentor, for her stellar lead- ership and for giving me a shot. One of the big reasons why I ran for Con","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/09/17/170/144/CREC-2024-09-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/09/17/170/144/CREC-2024-09-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_J000307","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$56K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 97% from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATI","explanation":"John James received $56,193.26 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION ($54,624.45 = 97%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":56193.26,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2018":18234.49,"2020":37319.6,"2022":18584.34},"corpCount":6},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":54624.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1568.81,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005152/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_J000307","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $338,167 on 2021-01-05 (17.4× normal)","explanation":"John James's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $338,167 on 2021-01-05 — 17.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":954423,"maxRatio":26.8,"maxAmount":338167},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-01-05","amount":338167,"ratio":17.4,"baselineDaily":19404,"count":177,"cmteId":"C00651208","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00651208&min_date=2021-01-05&max_date=2021-01-05"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-30","amount":306328,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":30351,"count":292,"cmteId":"C00651208","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00651208&min_date=2019-09-30&max_date=2019-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-05-06","amount":223876,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":21039,"count":167,"cmteId":"C00651208","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00651208&min_date=2021-05-06&max_date=2021-05-06"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-07-01","amount":86052,"ratio":26.8,"baselineDaily":3210,"count":35,"cmteId":"C00803502","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00803502&min_date=2025-07-01&max_date=2025-07-01"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651208/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00651208&min_date=2021-01-05&max_date=2021-01-05"]},{"id":"P65_J000307_2024-08-28","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"120 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2024-08-28 — 118 unique tickers","explanation":"John James executed 120 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2024-08-28 to 2024-09-04), spanning 118 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2024-08-28","windowEnd":"2024-09-04","tradeCount":120,"uniqueTickers":118,"totalDisclosedTrades":266,"sampleTickers":["ROST","GOOG","UBER","UPS","ABT","CSCO","CCI","GPC","MDLZ","CTSH"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_J000307","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 25 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 98 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John James appears in 25 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 98 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 25 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (25); ie support concentration (9); daily donation spike (7); reg rule trade proximity (6).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":25,"totalFindings":98,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":25},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":9},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/J000307","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_J000307","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John James's campaign paid $9,663,240 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES ($5,938,193)","explanation":"John James's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 13 payments totaling $9,663,240 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES ($5,938,193 across 7 payments, services: FEA:DIRECT MAIL - GOTV · FEA:EXEMPT/SLATE CARDS-GOTV · POSTAGE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":9663240.49,"paymentCount":13,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","total":5938193.489999999,"count":7,"descriptions":["FEA:DIRECT MAIL - GOTV","FEA:EXEMPT/SLATE CARDS-GOTV","POSTAGE"]},{"payee":"BARKSDALE, JAMES","total":2250000,"count":3,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN - CONVERTED TO CONTRIBUTIO","LOAN FORGIVEN-CONVERTED TO CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"GRAF PERSONAL FUNDS, JAMES","total":500047,"count":1,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"BENDER, JAMES C","total":500000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"HARLAN, JAMES K.","total":475000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVENESS"]}],"surname":"james"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2MI10150&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_J000307","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John James named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($10.8M total receipts) — top: JOHN JAMES FOR MICHIGAN","explanation":"John James appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $10.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: JOHN JAMES FOR MICHIGAN (C00806612, $10.8M receipts, treasurer CRATE, BRADLEY). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":10.8,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00806612","name":"JOHN JAMES FOR MICHIGAN","receipts":10795694.729999999,"treasurer":"CRATE, BRADLEY","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00806612/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00806612/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00806612/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P141_J000307","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John James executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY MDT (15d apart)","explanation":"John James has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY MDT 2024-06-03 → 2024-06-18 (15d) · BUY→SELL UBER 2024-08-28 → 2024-09-04 (7d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"MDT","days":15,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-06-03","date2":"2024-06-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UBER","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-08-28","date2":"2024-09-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_J000307","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John James's PAC funding concentrates 70% in Finance ($0.12M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"John James's PAC donors concentrate 70% in the Finance industry — $0.12M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.12M · Labor $0.04M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.12,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":69.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.12,"Labor":0.04,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MI10150/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_J000307","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John James triggers 35 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John James accumulates 35 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":35,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_J000307","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"John James triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John James accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P2","P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P17","P18","P19","P20","P21","P25","P27","P32","P33","P36","P40","P42","P43","P49","P58","P62","P65","P78","P90","P109","P141","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_J000307_2024-09-04","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John James — 116 trades on 2024-09-04","explanation":"John James disclosed 116 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2024-09-04). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2024-09-04","count":116}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_J000307","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John James — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (265/266)","explanation":"John James's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":266,"atBracket":265,"pct":"99.6"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_J000307","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John James — 141 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John James has traded 141 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":141,"sample":["ABT","CSCO","CCI","GPC","MDLZ","CTSH","OTIS","HD","BDX","ABBV"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_J000307","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John James — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"John James has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["UBER","AFRM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"B001248":[{"id":"P1_B001248_1lzwvb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ILMN 4d after HR 6821 — \"Healthy Farms Healthy Watersheds Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded ILMN (Healthcare) within 4 days of HR 6821 \"Healthy Farms Healthy Watersheds Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ILMN","date":"2024-09-03","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6821","title":"Healthy Farms Healthy Watersheds Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-08-30","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206821"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_5z4dxe","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ILMN 0d BEFORE HR 6821 — \"Healthy Farms Healthy Watersheds Act of 2023\"","explanation":"Member traded ILMN (Healthcare) within 0 days of HR 6821 \"Healthy Farms Healthy Watersheds Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ILMN","date":"2024-08-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6821","title":"Healthy Farms Healthy Watersheds Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-08-30","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206821"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_7ve59p","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL RY 0d BEFORE HR 3366 — \"To amend the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creat…\"","explanation":"Member traded RY (Finance) within 0 days of HR 3366 \"To amend the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 to reauthorize\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2024-07-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 3366","title":"To amend the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 to reauthorize the First Responder Network Authority.","introducedDate":"2024-07-25","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%203366"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_2h1b4w","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ILMN 5d after HR 487 — \"To waive the 35-mile requirement for designation o…\" · sponsor D-MO","explanation":"Member traded ILMN (Healthcare) within 5 days of HR 487 \"To waive the 35-mile requirement for designation of a critical access hospital u\", sponsored by Rep. Skelton, Ike [D-MO-4].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ILMN","date":"2024-02-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 487","title":"To waive the 35-mile requirement for designation of a critical access hospital under the Medicare program.","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":5,"sponsorName":"Rep. Skelton, Ike [D-MO-4]","sponsorBioguide":"S000465","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"MO","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20487"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_ch8ta1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PANW 2d after HR 141 — \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP…\" · sponsor R-CA","explanation":"Member traded PANW (Technology) within 2 days of HR 141 \"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to pr\", sponsored by Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2024-02-09","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 141","title":"To require those applying for, and renewing, SCHIP, TAA, and ATAA benefits to present documentation proving both citizen","introducedDate":"2024-02-07","daysDiff":2,"sponsorName":"Rep. Gallegly, Elton [R-CA-24]","sponsorBioguide":"G000021","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20141"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_65e97a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PRU 8d after HJRES 97 — \"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Departme…\"","explanation":"Member traded PRU (Finance) within 8 days of HJRES 97 \"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relati\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","date":"2023-08-22","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 97","title":"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relating to \"Public Charge Ground of Inadmissi","introducedDate":"2023-08-14","daysDiff":8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2097"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_2xfr5n","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CME 5d BEFORE HJRES 97 — \"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Departme…\"","explanation":"Member traded CME (Finance) within 5 days of HJRES 97 \"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relati\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2023-08-09","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 97","title":"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relating to \"Public Charge Ground of Inadmissi","introducedDate":"2023-08-14","daysDiff":-5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2097"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_nuzfc7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY RY 5d BEFORE HJRES 97 — \"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Departme…\"","explanation":"Member traded RY (Finance) within 5 days of HJRES 97 \"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relati\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2023-08-09","amount":"$15,001","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 97","title":"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relating to \"Public Charge Ground of Inadmissi","introducedDate":"2023-08-14","daysDiff":-5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2097"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_3xzmpi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY BX 5d BEFORE HJRES 97 — \"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Departme…\"","explanation":"Member traded BX (Finance) within 5 days of HJRES 97 \"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relati\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2023-08-09","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 97","title":"Disapproving of the rule submitted by the Department of Homeland Security relating to \"Public Charge Ground of Inadmissi","introducedDate":"2023-08-14","daysDiff":-5}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2097"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_adkakd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 1d after SRES 385 — \"A resolution supporting the designation of the wee…\"","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 1 days of SRES 385 \"A resolution supporting the designation of the week of September 19 through Sept\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2023-01-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 385","title":"A resolution supporting the designation of the week of September 19 through September 25, 2021, as \"Telehealth Awareness","introducedDate":"2023-01-02","daysDiff":1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20385"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_t4q7b8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL SYK 3d BEFORE SRES 385 — \"A resolution supporting the designation of the wee…\"","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 3 days of SRES 385 \"A resolution supporting the designation of the week of September 19 through Sept\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2022-12-30","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 385","title":"A resolution supporting the designation of the week of September 19 through September 25, 2021, as \"Telehealth Awareness","introducedDate":"2023-01-02","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20385"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_k7ms8q","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MS 6d after SRES 379 — \"A resolution to authorize the production of record…\"","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 6 days of SRES 379 \"A resolution to authorize the production of records by the Permanent Subcommitte\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2022-11-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 379","title":"A resolution to authorize the production of records by the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on ","introducedDate":"2022-11-05","daysDiff":6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20379"]},{"id":"P1_B001248_en6lqu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MS 13d after SRES 739 — \"A resolution authorizing the printing with illustr…\"","explanation":"Member traded MS (Finance) within 13 days of SRES 739 \"A resolution authorizing the printing with illustrations of a document entitled \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2022-10-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 739","title":"A resolution authorizing the printing with illustrations of a document entitled \"Committee on Appropriations, United Sta","introducedDate":"2022-09-24","daysDiff":13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20739"]},{"id":"P17_B001248_GE_2014-03-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-03-07 and 2014-03-13, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2014-03-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"B001248","name":"Michael C. Burgess"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2014-03-07 to 2014-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001248_TXN_2023-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-04-03 and 2023-04-10, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2023-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"B001248","name":"Michael C. Burgess"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2023-04-03 to 2023-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001248_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael C. Burgess executed 22 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2024-07-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2024-07-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2024-07-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RY","date":"2024-01-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Capital Magnet Fund","agency":"Treasury Department, Community Development Financial Institutions Fund","date":"2024-06-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Purpose Acquisition Companies, Shell Companies, and Projections; Correction","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2024-06-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001248_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael C. Burgess executed 6 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2024-07-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-3,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2023-12-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-3,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2023-12-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-3,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2023-12-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-4,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standards for Accessible Medical Diagnostic Equipment","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2024-07-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Travel Regulation (FTR); Sustainable Transportation for Official Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel","agency":"General Services Administration","date":"2023-12-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001248_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael C. Burgess executed 8 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2024-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2024-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2024-01-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2023-12-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Principles of Reasonable Cost Reimbursement; Payment for End-Stage Renal Disease Services; Prospectively Determined Paym","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2024-03-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Principles of Reasonable Cost Reimbursement; Payment for End-Stage Renal Disease Services; Prospectively Determined Paym","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2024-03-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001248_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael C. Burgess executed 19 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2024-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2024-02-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2024-01-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2024-01-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands; Final 2024 and 2025 Harvest Specif","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-03-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Improving Outage Reporting for Submarine Cables and Enhanced Submarine Cable Outage Data","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2024-01-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001248_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael C. Burgess executed 7 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2024-03-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2024-01-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2024-01-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2024-01-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2024-02-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Hélicoptères Guimbal Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-12-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_B001248_1rqd","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"21 trades in SYK (Healthcare) — 17% of this member's 123 total trades","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"SYK","count":21,"buys":1,"sells":20,"sector":"Healthcare","firstDate":"2021-10-14","lastDate":"2023-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_B001248_ABBV_20230706","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABBV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $ABBV 1 day after a corporate insider (RAPP EDWARD J  (CIK 0001171780)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"RAPP EDWARD J  (CIK 0001171780)","filingDate":"2023-07-05","adsh":"0001415889-23-010774","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001248_MSFT_20211202","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (STANTON JOHN W  (CIK 0000904858)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"STANTON JOHN W  (CIK 0000904858)","filingDate":"2021-11-30","adsh":"0001062993-21-011811","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001248_BX_20231208","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $BX 3 days after a corporate insider (Blackstone Holdings III L.P.  (CIK 0001404073)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"Blackstone Holdings III L.P.  (CIK 0001404073)","filingDate":"2023-12-05","adsh":"0000899243-23-020548","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001248_ABT_20220107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ABT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $ABT 3 days after a corporate insider (Gonzalez Patricia Paola  (CIK 0001879701)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Gonzalez Patricia Paola  (CIK 0001879701)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001415889-22-000232","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001248_CI_20211119","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CI 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $CI 4 days after a corporate insider (Newton Tyler  (CIK 0001645317)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CI","filer":"Newton Tyler  (CIK 0001645317)","filingDate":"2021-11-15","adsh":"0001209191-21-064552","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001248_UPS_20230809","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UPS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $UPS 5 days after a corporate insider (MOISON FRANCK J  (CIK 0001227252)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"MOISON FRANCK J  (CIK 0001227252)","filingDate":"2023-08-04","adsh":"0001225208-23-007996","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_AMD_20230809","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $AMD 1 day before a corporate insider (PENG VICTOR  (CIK 0001182953)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"PENG VICTOR  (CIK 0001182953)","filingDate":"2023-08-10","adsh":"0000002488-23-000141"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_XOM_20240102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $XOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $XOM 1 day before a corporate insider (Hietala Kaisa  (CIK 0001868531)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Hietala Kaisa  (CIK 0001868531)","filingDate":"2024-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-24-000244"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_CC_20230809","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $CC 1 day before a corporate insider (Coliseum Capital Management, LLC  (CIK 0001409751)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CC","filer":"Coliseum Capital Management, LLC  (CIK 0001409751)","filingDate":"2023-08-10","adsh":"0000899243-23-017992"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_SYK_20220321","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SYK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $SYK 2 days before a corporate insider (Boehnlein Glenn S  (CIK 0001670936)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Boehnlein Glenn S  (CIK 0001670936)","filingDate":"2022-03-23","adsh":"0000310764-22-000049"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_MSFT_20230915","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SMITH BRADFORD L  (CIK 0001193119)","filingDate":"2023-09-19","adsh":"0001062993-23-018291"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_MS_20221007","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $MS 4 days before a corporate insider (MORGAN STANLEY  (MS, MS-PA, MS-PE, MS-PF, MS-PI, MS-PK, MS-PL, MS-PO, MS-PP, MS-PQ, MSTLW)  (CIK 0000895421)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"MORGAN STANLEY  (MS, MS-PA, MS-PE, MS-PF, MS-PI, MS-PK, MS-PL, MS-PO, MS-PP, MS-PQ, MSTLW)  (CIK 0000895421)","filingDate":"2022-10-11","adsh":"0000899243-22-033416"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_BBY_20240226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BBY 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $BBY 4 days before a corporate insider (SCHULZE RICHARD M  (CIK 0001006394)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BBY","filer":"SCHULZE RICHARD M  (CIK 0001006394)","filingDate":"2024-03-01","adsh":"0001225208-24-003379"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_WBA_20240301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WBA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $WBA 4 days before a corporate insider (Heckman Todd  (CIK 0001987929)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBA","filer":"Heckman Todd  (CIK 0001987929)","filingDate":"2024-03-05","adsh":"0001618921-24-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_PANW_20231208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PANW 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $PANW 5 days before a corporate insider (Key John P.  (CIK 0001772458)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PANW","filer":"Key John P.  (CIK 0001772458)","filingDate":"2023-12-13","adsh":"0001209191-23-058496"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_CI_20230224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CI 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $CI 5 days before a corporate insider (Lee James CI  (CIK 0001773423)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CI","filer":"Lee James CI  (CIK 0001773423)","filingDate":"2023-03-01","adsh":"0001209191-23-014291"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_DIS_20221116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $DIS 6 days before a corporate insider (IGER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001207394)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"IGER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001207394)","filingDate":"2022-11-22","adsh":"0001744489-22-000208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_MSFT_20230224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $MSFT 6 days before a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2023-03-02","adsh":"0001062993-23-005625"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_SYK_20230317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYK 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $SYK 6 days before a corporate insider (Berry William E Jr  (CIK 0001600806)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Berry William E Jr  (CIK 0001600806)","filingDate":"2023-03-23","adsh":"0000310764-23-000039"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_AAP_20230224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAP 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $AAP 6 days before a corporate insider (Schechtman Natalie  (CIK 0001675001)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAP","filer":"Schechtman Natalie  (CIK 0001675001)","filingDate":"2023-03-02","adsh":"0001158449-23-000045"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_BX_20231208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BX 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $BX 7 days before a corporate insider (BX GATES ML-2 HOLDCO LLC  (CIK 0001884864)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"BX GATES ML-2 HOLDCO LLC  (CIK 0001884864)","filingDate":"2023-12-15","adsh":"0000899243-23-020644"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_BX_20230809","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BX 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $BX 7 days before a corporate insider (BX GATES ML-2 HOLDCO LLC  (CIK 0001884864)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"BX GATES ML-2 HOLDCO LLC  (CIK 0001884864)","filingDate":"2023-08-16","adsh":"0000899243-23-018177"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_MSFT_20230410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2023-04-18","adsh":"0001062993-23-009292"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_SYK_20221025","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYK 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $SYK 8 days before a corporate insider (Stiles Spencer S  (CIK 0001886430)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Stiles Spencer S  (CIK 0001886430)","filingDate":"2022-11-02","adsh":"0000310764-22-000108"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_SYK_20220127","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYK 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $SYK 8 days before a corporate insider (Berry William E Jr  (CIK 0001600806)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"Berry William E Jr  (CIK 0001600806)","filingDate":"2022-02-04","adsh":"0000310764-22-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_XOM_20240311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $XOM 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $XOM 8 days before a corporate insider (Talley Darrin L  (CIK 0001918108)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Talley Darrin L  (CIK 0001918108)","filingDate":"2024-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-24-010621"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_BBY_20230822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BBY 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $BBY 9 days before a corporate insider (Hartman Todd G.  (CIK 0001773763)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBY","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BBY","filer":"Hartman Todd G.  (CIK 0001773763)","filingDate":"2023-08-31","adsh":"0001225208-23-008594"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_BX_20230224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BX 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess buy $BX 10 days before a corporate insider (BTAS NQ Holdings L.L.C.  (CIK 0001770693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"BTAS NQ Holdings L.L.C.  (CIK 0001770693)","filingDate":"2023-03-06","adsh":"0000899243-23-007234"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001248_VLO_20240112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VLO 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess sell $VLO 10 days before a corporate insider (Gorder Joseph W  (CIK 0001350220)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VLO","filer":"Gorder Joseph W  (CIK 0001350220)","filingDate":"2024-01-22","adsh":"0001350220-24-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P45_B001248","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"11% of stock trades (14 of 123) in major federal contractors — top: UPS ($63B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess concentrated 11% of their stock-trading activity (14 of 123 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $126B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"UPS","totalContracts":63305478307.75998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":7},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"DIS","totalContracts":53807975218.79,"agency":"Department of Energy","memberTrades":5},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"AMD","totalContracts":8961624636.999998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":14,"totalStockTrades":123,"concentrationPct":11,"distinctContractors":3,"topExposure":126075078163.54999}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001248_2023-03-28_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PSX 8 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess delivered a 471-word floor speech on 2023-03-28 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding. I do want to rise in support of the rule and in support of the underlying bill. It is interesting that our Secretary of Energy, Secretary Granholm, cam…\"). The member buy $PSX (a Energy-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-03-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":471,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding. I do want to rise in support of the rule and in support of the underlying bill. It is interesting that our Secretary of Energy, Secretary Granholm, cam","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/28/169/56/CREC-2023-03-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/28/169/56/CREC-2023-03-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001248_2022-07-28_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMZN 13 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess delivered a 488-word floor speech on 2022-07-28 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, this morning we are here to talk about the rule for the CHIPS Act to provide $76 billion for semiconductor manufac- turing and authorizing $200 billion over 10 years for research and in…\"). The member sell $AMZN (a Technology-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-07-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":488,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, this morning we are here to talk about the rule for the CHIPS Act to provide $76 billion for semiconductor manufac- turing and authorizing $200 billion over 10 years for research and in","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/28/168/126/CREC-2022-07-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/28/168/126/CREC-2022-07-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001248_2021-12-07_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABT 5 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess delivered a 528-word floor speech on 2021-12-07 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, you just have to ask yourself what in the heck is going on here. Doctors across this country, our heroes in the healthcare fight that we have been in the last 2 years, are facing signific…\"). The member buy $ABT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 5 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-12-07","chamber":"House","wordCount":528,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, you just have to ask yourself what in the heck is going on here. Doctors across this country, our heroes in the healthcare fight that we have been in the last 2 years, are facing signific","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/07/167/211/CREC-2021-12-07-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/07/167/211/CREC-2021-12-07-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P138_B001248","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael C. Burgess draws 61% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.1M PAC / $28.3M total)","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess's FEC-bulk record shows 61% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.1M of $28.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.28,"pacSharePct":60.6,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H2TX26093"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX26093/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_B001248","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael C. Burgess executed 18 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY ILMN (0d apart)","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess has 18 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY ILMN 2024-01-02 → 2024-01-02 (0d) · BUY→SELL ILMN 2024-02-12 → 2024-02-12 (0d) · BUY→SELL RY 2024-01-10 → 2024-01-10 (0d) · BUY→SELL RY 2024-07-16 → 2024-07-16 (0d) · BUY→SELL UPS 2023-12-14 → 2023-12-14 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":18,"samples":[{"ticker":"ILMN","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-01-02","date2":"2024-01-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ILMN","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-02-12","date2":"2024-02-12","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RY","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-01-10","date2":"2024-01-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RY","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-07-16","date2":"2024-07-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UPS","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-12-14","date2":"2023-12-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UPS","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-12-15","date2":"2023-12-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PANW","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-12-08","date2":"2024-01-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"VLO","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-12-08","date2":"2024-01-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_B001248","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael C. Burgess triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 10 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 10 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":10}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_B001248","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael C. Burgess — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (122/123)","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":123,"atBracket":122,"pct":"99.2"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B001248","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael C. Burgess — 35 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess has traded 35 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":35,"sample":["ILMN","RY","UPS","ITIP","ABBV","MRK","IBM","XOM","WBA","BBY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_B001248_HealthCarePriceTrans","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael C. Burgess sponsored \"Health Care Price Transparency Promotion Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Health Care Price Transparency Promotion Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_B001248_SYK","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael C. Burgess — 21 disclosed trades in single ticker SYK","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess traded SYK on 21 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SYK trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SYK","count":21}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_B001248","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael C. Burgess — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Michael C. Burgess has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001248","https://www.congress.gov/member/michael-c.-burgess/B001248"]}],"D000617":[{"id":"P1_D000617_bob0tw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL MSFT 0d BEFORE HR 8415 — \"Strengthening Cybersecurity in Health Care Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 0 days of HR 8415 \"Strengthening Cybersecurity in Health Care Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-08-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 8415","title":"Strengthening Cybersecurity in Health Care Act","introducedDate":"2024-08-31","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%208415"]},{"id":"P1_D000617_e604ty","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 9d after S 2586 — \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty…\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 9 days of S 2586 \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for m\", sponsored by Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2019-03-05","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2586","title":"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for measuring equipment for telecommunication","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":9,"sponsorName":"Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]","sponsorBioguide":"F000062","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202586"]},{"id":"P1_D000617_jqbkrw","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 4d after S 2586 — \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty…\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 4 days of S 2586 \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for m\", sponsored by Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2019-02-28","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2586","title":"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for measuring equipment for telecommunication","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":4,"sponsorName":"Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]","sponsorBioguide":"F000062","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202586"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $30,600 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $30,600 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":30600,"count":5,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_htmh2y","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PREMERA BLUE CROSS POLITICAL ACTION COMM gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from PREMERA BLUE CROSS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PREMERA BLUE CROSS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_hj7igi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTER gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_o7bxr4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE AS gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Finance (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_7tc1if","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INS gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_b2hbjc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_8osx54","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Finance (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_c5qonj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Finance (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_l9pg3w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUN gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_wf6p8i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF TH gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Defense (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF THE INT'L AS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF THE INT'L AS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Defense (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_d4tzes","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_oqbv0s","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES I gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES INC PAC; AKA ACP SERVICES PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES INC PAC; AKA ACP SERVICES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Finance (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P2_D000617_p1jw93","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY A gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVENTIONS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVENTIONS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Agriculture","Agriculture","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1836","https://delbene.house.gov/about/full-biography.htm","https://itif.org/person/suzan-delbene/"]},{"id":"P9_D000617_68azdn","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,026 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $67,026 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":67026.03999999998,"oppose":0,"net":67026.03999999998,"events":39,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":18369.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001003","name":"WASHINGTON EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":15198.810000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":9783.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7049.17,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004023","name":"SEIU WA STATE COUNCIL","support":4806.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_D000617_iwehj6","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,067,974 / spent $2,868,704","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00576090","cmteName":"EVERGREEN PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":33170,"totalDisbursements":26643.6,"cashOnHand":6526.36},{"cmteId":"C00576090","cmteName":"EVERGREEN PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":140128,"totalDisbursements":128034.5,"cashOnHand":18619.84},{"cmteId":"C00576090","cmteName":"EVERGREEN PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":354140.8,"totalDisbursements":337331.5,"cashOnHand":35429.14},{"cmteId":"C00576090","cmteName":"EVERGREEN PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":428700,"totalDisbursements":449948.8,"cashOnHand":14180.37},{"cmteId":"C00844720","cmteName":"DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","year":"2024","totalReceipts":179965.7,"totalDisbursements":143453.7,"cashOnHand":36512.01}],"totalRaised":3067974.3000000003,"totalSpent":2868703.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000617_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Suzan DelBene executed 22 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-08-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-02-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2023-08-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2023-08-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries; Closure of the Angling Category Gulf of Maine Area T","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-08-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services Wittenberg and Shawano, Wisconsin","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2024-01-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000617_3hdbei","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzan DelBene campaign paid $3,445,216 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Suzan DelBene's campaign paid 128 disbursements totaling $3,445,216 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","total":1272618.0199999998,"count":42,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":87716.64,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47720.39,"date":"2024-10-24","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47670.76,"date":"2025-05-06","description":"REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","total":925210,"count":40,"samples":[{"payee":"DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","amount":100000,"date":"2025-09-28","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"delbene","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","amount":52900,"date":"2023-03-20","description":"EARMARK OF DAVID CORNFIELD","surnameMatched":"delbene","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","amount":50000,"date":"2023-04-09","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"delbene","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","total":644292.1699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":57101.49,"date":"2025-07-10","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":49837.55,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":40333.9,"date":"2023-06-08","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","total":439416.06000000006,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":38708.18,"date":"2022-10-21","description":"FUNDRAISING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":37204.16,"date":"2023-02-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENESES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":36897.93,"date":"2020-01-08","description":"CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","total":133303.82,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":25129.53,"date":"2013-12-31","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":22000,"date":"2013-08-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC.","total":30376.35,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC.","amount":30376.35,"date":"2023-12-07","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES , TRANSPORTATION & EVENT EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ANGERHOLZER%20BROZ%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P20_D000617_nyco1j","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sits on committees overseeing Legal, Technology, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2021-06-18","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","contractTotal":25266115.07,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture","Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BMI","date":"2016-06-09","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":20404.65,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TRMB","date":"2016-06-09","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":15314.8,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_D000617_1ex9w","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"58 trades in MSFT (Technology) — 26% of this member's 222 total trades","explanation":"Suzan DelBene has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"MSFT","count":58,"buys":39,"sells":19,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2015-08-31","lastDate":"2024-08-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_D000617_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of PAC dollars ($488,935) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Suzan DelBene receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":488935,"share":64.4,"totalPAC":759535,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":488935,"share":64.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":45000,"share":5.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":40600,"share":5.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":30000,"share":3.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000617","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"Suzan DelBene has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":27,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20240831","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-31","quarter":"2024-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20240229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2024-Q1 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2024-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-29","quarter":"2024-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2024-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20230831","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2023-Q3 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-31","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20230830","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2023-Q3 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-30","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20220209","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2022-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-09","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20211018","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2021-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-18","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20210903","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2021-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-03","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20210831","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-31","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20210830","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-30","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20210304","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2021-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20201201","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2020-Q4 while CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-01","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20200902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2020-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-02","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20200831","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2020-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-31","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20200728","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2020-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-28","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20200302","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2020-Q1 while CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20190904","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2019-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2019-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-04","quarter":"2019-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20190903","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2019-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2019-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-03","quarter":"2019-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20190828","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2019-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2019-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-28","quarter":"2019-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20190305","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2019-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-05","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20190228","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2019-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20181213","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2018-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-13","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20180904","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2018-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2018-09-04","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20180831","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2018-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-31","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20180829","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2018-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a buy in MSFT during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-29","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_MSFT_20180301","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2018-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed a sell in MSFT during 2018-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-01","quarter":"2018-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P38_D000617_Technology_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology PACs gave $15K in 2022 — 344.8× baseline — after 17-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed 17 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $15,000 — 344.8× the member's all-cycle baseline of $44/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":17},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Technology","amount":15000,"baseline":44,"ratio":"344.8"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_D000617_MSFT_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sell $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-002319","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000617_MSFT_20210903","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sell $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)","filingDate":"2021-09-01","adsh":"0001062993-21-008123","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000617_PLTR_20210618","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PLTR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene buy $PLTR 3 days after a corporate insider (Karp Alexander C.  (CIK 0001823951)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLTR","filer":"Karp Alexander C.  (CIK 0001823951)","filingDate":"2021-06-15","adsh":"0001209191-21-040766","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000617_MSFT_20230831","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2023-09-01","adsh":"0001062993-23-017419"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000617_MSFT_20210831","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene buy $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Althoff Judson  (CIK 0001868758)","filingDate":"2021-09-01","adsh":"0001062993-21-008123"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000617_MSFT_20201201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Walmsley Emma N  (CIK 0001795429)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Walmsley Emma N  (CIK 0001795429)","filingDate":"2020-12-02","adsh":"0001760862-20-000017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000617_MSFT_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene buy $MSFT 2 days before a corporate insider (Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001626431-20-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000617_MSFT_20240229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sell $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (Young Christopher David  (CIK 0001647655)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Young Christopher David  (CIK 0001647655)","filingDate":"2024-03-04","adsh":"0001062993-24-005291"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000617_MSFT_20200902","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sell $MSFT 7 days before a corporate insider (SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0001819285-20-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000617_MSFT_20240831","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sell $MSFT 9 days before a corporate insider (Mason Mark  (CIK 0001487290)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Mason Mark  (CIK 0001487290)","filingDate":"2024-09-09","adsh":"0001062993-24-016340"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_D000617_The_Home_Depot_117588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-08-16 held a hearing titled \"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest\". The witness Karen Dewalt (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117588","title":"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest","date":"2024-08-16T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Karen Dewalt","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000617_Independence_Blue_Cross_119201","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Independence Blue Cross testified before House Ways and Means — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Suzan DelBene sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2026-04-21 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee Hearing on Protecting Patients and Taxpayers: Cracking Down on Medicare Fraud\". The witness Mr. Christopher Deery (Independence Blue Cross) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"119201","title":"Full Committee Hearing on Protecting Patients and Taxpayers: Cracking Down on Medicare Fraud","date":"2026-04-21T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Christopher Deery","witnessOrg":"Independence Blue Cross","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119201"},{"source":"donor","name":"PREMERA BLUE CROSS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PREMERA%20BLUE%20CROSS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119201","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PREMERA%20BLUE%20CROSS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P49_D000617_2020-02-06_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 25 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Suzan DelBene delivered a 182-word floor speech on 2020-02-06 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today in strong support of Federal pri- vacy legislation. With every new app that is downloaded or website that is used, people run the risk of turning over their most sensitive…\"). The member buy $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 25 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-02-06","chamber":"House","wordCount":182,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today in strong support of Federal pri- vacy legislation. With every new app that is downloaded or website that is used, people run the risk of turning over their most sensitive ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/02/06/CREC-2020-02-06-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/02/06/CREC-2020-02-06-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_D000617_MSFT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"58 trades in $MSFT — MICROSOFT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed 58 reported trades in $MSFT (MICROSOFT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","parent":"MICROSOFT","tradeCount":58,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-31"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-31"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC","parent":"MICROSOFT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC%20-%20MSVPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC%20-%20MSVPAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_D000617","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$67K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 27% from AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","explanation":"Suzan DelBene received $67,026.04 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE ($18,369.72 = 27%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":67026.03999999998,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":5681.2300000000005,"2012":42601.55,"2014":17458.420000000002,"2016":1284.84},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":18369.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001003","name":"WASHINGTON EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":15198.810000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001003/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":9783.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7049.17,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004023","name":"SEIU WA STATE COUNCIL","support":4806.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004023/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_D000617","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"40 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $647,250","explanation":"Suzan DelBene received campaign contributions totaling $647,250 from 40 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 37 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FOR ISRAEL ($404,250); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($31,400); PREMERA BLUE CROSS ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRU ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":40,"totalDollars":647250,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FOR ISRAEL","donorTotal":404250,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":31400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PREMERA BLUE CROSS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"PREMERA BLUE CROSS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_D000617_2014-05-12","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"33 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2014-05-12 — 33 unique tickers","explanation":"Suzan DelBene executed 33 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2014-05-12 to 2014-05-14), spanning 33 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2014-05-12","windowEnd":"2014-05-14","tradeCount":33,"uniqueTickers":33,"totalDisclosedTrades":222,"sampleTickers":["EOG","HASI","NES","CCC","MIXT","ERII","CREE","FLTX","AYI","CBI"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_D000617","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 82 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Suzan DelBene appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 82 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (36); committee pac conflict (17); insider front ran trade (7); trade near vote (3); insider followed trade (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":82,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":36},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":17},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000617","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_D000617","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzan DelBene's campaign paid $935,210 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND ($925,210)","explanation":"Suzan DelBene's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 41 payments totaling $935,210 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND ($925,210 across 40 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION · EARMARK OF DAVID CORNFIELD · CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":935210,"paymentCount":41,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","total":925210,"count":40,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","EARMARK OF DAVID CORNFIELD","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"DELBENE VICTORY 2012","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"delbene"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0WA08046&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_D000617","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Suzan DelBene named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.3M total receipts) — top: DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","explanation":"Suzan DelBene appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND (C00833590, $3.3M receipts, treasurer PERSICO, TIMOTHY). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.32,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00833590","name":"DELBENE DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND","receipts":3322431.02,"treasurer":"PERSICO, TIMOTHY","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833590/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833590/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00833590/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_D000617","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Suzan DelBene ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.9M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Suzan DelBene's FEC-bulk record shows $18.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $52.5M (PAC: $18.9M, individual: $21.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.51,"lifetimeIndividualM":21.61,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0WA08046"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WA08046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_D000617","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Suzan DelBene draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.9M PAC / $52.5M total)","explanation":"Suzan DelBene's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.9M of $52.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.51,"pacSharePct":36.1,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0WA08046"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WA08046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_D000617","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzan DelBene disclosed 37 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 18 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL MSFT $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Suzan DelBene has filed 37 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 18 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL MSFT $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-08-31 · SELL MSFT $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-02-29 · SELL MSFT $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2023-08-31 · SELL MSFT $250,001 - $500,000 on 2023-08-30.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":37,"veryHighCount":18,"lowerBoundSum":58400037,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2024-08-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2024-02-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2023-08-31","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2023-08-30","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","date":"2022-02-09","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2021-10-18","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_D000617","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzan DelBene executed 21 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL MSFT (1d apart)","explanation":"Suzan DelBene has 21 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL MSFT 2016-08-31 → 2016-09-01 (1d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2017-08-31 → 2017-09-05 (5d) · SELL→BUY MSFT 2017-09-05 → 2017-09-29 (24d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2018-02-28 → 2018-03-01 (1d) · SELL→BUY MSFT 2018-03-01 → 2018-03-29 (28d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":21,"samples":[{"ticker":"MSFT","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-08-31","date2":"2016-09-01","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-08-31","date2":"2017-09-05","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":24,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-09-05","date2":"2017-09-29","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-02-28","date2":"2018-03-01","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":28,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-03-01","date2":"2018-03-29","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-08-31","date2":"2018-09-04","amount1":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","amount2":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":24,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-09-04","date2":"2018-09-28","amount1":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-02-28","date2":"2019-03-05","amount1":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","amount2":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_D000617","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Suzan DelBene triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Suzan DelBene accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_D000617","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Suzan DelBene operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($3.1M combined receipts)","explanation":"Suzan DelBene operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $3.1M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: EVERGREEN PAC (C00576090) · DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND (C00844720).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3.07,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00576090","cmteName":"EVERGREEN PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00844720","cmteName":"DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY FUND"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576090/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844720/"]},{"id":"P178_D000617_2016-06-09","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzan DelBene — 32 trades on 2016-06-09","explanation":"Suzan DelBene disclosed 32 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-06-09). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-06-09","count":32}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_D000617","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Suzan DelBene — 87% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (194/222)","explanation":"Suzan DelBene's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 87% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":222,"atBracket":194,"pct":"87.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_D000617","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Suzan DelBene — 63 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Suzan DelBene has traded 63 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":63,"sample":["MSFT","PLTR","MN","ELRC","3305779","4491235","BWA","BMI","B1W8P14","CAFD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_D000617","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzan DelBene — 29 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Suzan DelBene disclosed 29 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":222,"noTickerTrades":29}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_D000617_MSFT","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzan DelBene — 58 disclosed trades in single ticker MSFT","explanation":"Suzan DelBene traded MSFT on 58 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the MSFT trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"MSFT","count":58}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P37_D000617_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+11 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Suzan DelBene accumulated 36 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 11 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 11 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":11,"totalRaw":36,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":11,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000617"]}],"M001135":[{"id":"P1_M001135_xdhzkm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AON 1d BEFORE HR 5990 — \"Border Enforcement, Security, and Trade (BEST) Fac…\"","explanation":"Member traded AON (Finance) within 1 days of HR 5990 \"Border Enforcement, Security, and Trade (BEST) Facilitation Act of 2023\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AON","date":"2024-07-02","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 5990","title":"Border Enforcement, Security, and Trade (BEST) Facilitation Act of 2023","introducedDate":"2024-07-03","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%205990"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_5iq8rf","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MSFT 6d after HR 7841 — \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 6 days of HR 7841 \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-07-02","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7841","title":"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-06-26","daysDiff":6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207841"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_yszks4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NVDA 6d after HR 7841 — \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\"","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 6 days of HR 7841 \"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-07-02","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 7841","title":"Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act","introducedDate":"2024-06-26","daysDiff":6}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%207841"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_bzp952","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MDT 13d BEFORE HCONRES 58 — \"Expressing the sense of Congress that any effort t…\" · sponsor D-RI","explanation":"Member traded MDT (Healthcare) within 13 days of HCONRES 58 \"Expressing the sense of Congress that any effort to reengineer the health care s\", sponsored by Rep. Langevin, James R. [D-RI-2].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"HCONRES 58","title":"Expressing the sense of Congress that any effort to reengineer the health care system in the United States should incorp","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Langevin, James R. [D-RI-2]","sponsorBioguide":"L000559","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HCONRES%2058"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_kn9a49","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 13d BEFORE HR 465 — \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security…\" · sponsor D-TX","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 13 days of HR 465 \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensur\", sponsored by Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 465","title":"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensure coverage without a 5-year delay of cer","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29]","sponsorBioguide":"G000410","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20465"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_81nnol","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MA 13d BEFORE HR 92 — \"To amend titles XI and XIX of the Social Security…\" · sponsor D-VI","explanation":"Member traded MA (Finance) within 13 days of HR 92 \"To amend titles XI and XIX of the Social Security Act to remove the cap on Medic\", sponsored by Del. Christensen, Donna M. [D-VI-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 92","title":"To amend titles XI and XIX of the Social Security Act to remove the cap on Medicaid payments for Puerto Rico, the Virgin","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Del. Christensen, Donna M. [D-VI-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"C000380","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"VI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2092"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_s9t8x4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MRK 13d BEFORE HR 91 — \"To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act…\" · sponsor D-VI","explanation":"Member traded MRK (Pharma) within 13 days of HR 91 \"To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to authorize the shipment of p\", sponsored by Del. Christensen, Donna M. [D-VI-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 91","title":"To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to authorize the shipment of prescription drugs between the States and","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Del. Christensen, Donna M. [D-VI-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"C000380","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"VI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2091"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_4lad45","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CRM 13d BEFORE HR 465 — \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security…\" · sponsor D-TX","explanation":"Member traded CRM (Technology) within 13 days of HR 465 \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensur\", sponsored by Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 465","title":"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensure coverage without a 5-year delay of cer","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29]","sponsorBioguide":"G000410","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20465"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_lat548","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LRCX 13d BEFORE HR 465 — \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security…\" · sponsor D-TX","explanation":"Member traded LRCX (Technology) within 13 days of HR 465 \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensur\", sponsored by Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 465","title":"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensure coverage without a 5-year delay of cer","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29]","sponsorBioguide":"G000410","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20465"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_ted3u3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CFG 13d BEFORE HR 92 — \"To amend titles XI and XIX of the Social Security…\" · sponsor D-VI","explanation":"Member traded CFG (Finance) within 13 days of HR 92 \"To amend titles XI and XIX of the Social Security Act to remove the cap on Medic\", sponsored by Del. Christensen, Donna M. [D-VI-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CFG","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 92","title":"To amend titles XI and XIX of the Social Security Act to remove the cap on Medicaid payments for Puerto Rico, the Virgin","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Del. Christensen, Donna M. [D-VI-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"C000380","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"VI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%2092"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_k5xfe","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GIS 13d BEFORE HR 1233 — \"To amend the Consolidated Farm and Rural Developme…\" · sponsor D-IA","explanation":"Member traded GIS (Agriculture) within 13 days of HR 1233 \"To amend the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to suspend a limitation\", sponsored by Rep. Boswell, Leonard L. [D-IA-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1233","title":"To amend the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to suspend a limitation on the period for which certain borrowe","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Boswell, Leonard L. [D-IA-3]","sponsorBioguide":"B000652","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"IA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201233"]},{"id":"P1_M001135_8hy4ot","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL INTU 13d BEFORE HR 465 — \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security…\" · sponsor D-TX","explanation":"Member traded INTU (Technology) within 13 days of HR 465 \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensur\", sponsored by Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2024-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 465","title":"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensure coverage without a 5-year delay of cer","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29]","sponsorBioguide":"G000410","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20465"]},{"id":"P14_M001135_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4609 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,795,656 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4609× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,795,656. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4609,"total":2795656,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001135_ABT_2024-07-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-07-02 and 2024-07-05, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"}],"span":"2024-07-02 to 2024-07-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001135_APD_2024-06-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold APD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-06-27 and 2024-07-02, 3 members took the same direction on APD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","date":"2024-06-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"APD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"}],"span":"2024-06-27 to 2024-07-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001135_ACN_2022-07-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-07-15 and 2022-07-19, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2022-07-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2022-07-15 to 2022-07-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001135_ACN_2022-07-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-07-27 and 2022-08-01, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2022-07-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2022-07-27 to 2022-08-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001135_CME_2022-03-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CME within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-03-03 and 2022-03-07, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on CME. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2022-03-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CME","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"}],"span":"2022-03-03 to 2022-03-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001135_SNAP_2021-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold SNAP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-02-19 and 2021-02-25, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on SNAP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNAP","date":"2021-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SNAP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"N000192","name":"Marie Newman"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2021-02-19 to 2021-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001135_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"49 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kathy E. Manning executed 49 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2024-08-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Advisory Committee; Allergenic Products Advisory Committee; Termination; Removal From List of Standing Committees","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-07-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Laboratory Accreditation for Analyses of Foods; Program Implementation; Determination of Sufficient Laboratory Capacity ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2024-06-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001135_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"66 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kathy E. Manning executed 66 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AON","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AON","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Customer Information","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2024-06-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Customer Information","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2024-06-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001135_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"170 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kathy E. Manning executed 170 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Crab Rationalization Program","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-06-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Crab Rationalization Program","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-06-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001135_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kathy E. Manning executed 10 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-01-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2023-04-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2022-08-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Rule","agency":"Defense Department, Engineers Corps","date":"2024-06-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Defense and Space S.A. (Formerly Known as Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A.) Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2024-01-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001135_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kathy E. Manning executed 16 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2022-10-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2022-08-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2022-08-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRO","date":"2022-08-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Disapproval; New York and New Jersey; Interstate Transport Infrastructure SIP Requirements for the 2008 Ozone N","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2022-09-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Priorities, Requirements, Definitions, and Selection Criteria-Expanding Opportunity Through Quality Charter School","agency":"Education Department","date":"2022-07-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001135_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kathy E. Manning executed 5 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2022-10-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2022-10-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2022-08-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2022-07-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":6,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Travel Regulation; Common Carrier Transportation","agency":"General Services Administration","date":"2022-09-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Travel Regulation; Common Carrier Transportation","agency":"General Services Administration","date":"2022-09-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001135_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 51d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (97 buys vs 73 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":170,"avgGap":51,"buys":97,"sells":73},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":466,"avgGap":39}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001135_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Healthcare BUYs filed 48d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Healthcare (26 buys vs 13 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":39,"avgGap":48,"buys":26,"sells":13},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":466,"avgGap":39}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_M001135_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MANNING, Kathy E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001135","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing; 3 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 2 more)","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 3 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":28,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_M001135_V_20220615","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2022-Q2 while VISA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning executed a sell in V during 2022-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA, INC., VISA USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-15","quarter":"2022-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q2","matchedClients":["VISA, INC.","VISA USA, INC.","VISA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_MA_20221012","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $MA 1 day after a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2022-10-11","adsh":"0001140361-22-036823","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_AMT_20220615","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $AMT 1 day after a corporate insider (PERRY MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001260775)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"PERRY MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001260775)","filingDate":"2022-06-14","adsh":"0001225208-22-008051","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_CRM_20240123","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $CRM 1 day after a corporate insider (Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)","filingDate":"2024-01-22","adsh":"0001828972-24-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_LRCX_20240702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LRCX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $LRCX 1 day after a corporate insider (Fernandes Neil J  (CIK 0001966598)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Fernandes Neil J  (CIK 0001966598)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0000707549-24-000084","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_GOOG_20220727","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-07-26","adsh":"0001209191-22-043227","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_EL_20210430","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $EL 1 day after a corporate insider (Pillar Invest Corp  (CIK 0001534428)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"Pillar Invest Corp  (CIK 0001534428)","filingDate":"2021-04-29","adsh":"0000899243-21-017527","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_EL_20210115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $EL 1 day after a corporate insider (Hunt Holdings Limited Partnership  (CIK 0001788338)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"Hunt Holdings Limited Partnership  (CIK 0001788338)","filingDate":"2021-01-14","adsh":"0000950142-21-000106","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_NKE_20240702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NKE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $NKE 1 day after a corporate insider (SWAN ROBERT HOLMES  (CIK 0001218363)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NKE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NKE","filer":"SWAN ROBERT HOLMES  (CIK 0001218363)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001127602-24-019550","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_MU_20210115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $MU 1 day after a corporate insider (BHATIA MANISH H  (CIK 0001689498)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"BHATIA MANISH H  (CIK 0001689498)","filingDate":"2021-01-14","adsh":"0001062993-21-000386","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_T_20221012","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $T 1 day after a corporate insider (DANESH FARIBA  (CIK 0001228855)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"DANESH FARIBA  (CIK 0001228855)","filingDate":"2022-10-11","adsh":"0001654954-22-013585","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_HD_20240702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $HD 1 day after a corporate insider (ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001140361-24-032046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_NVDA_20240702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"BURGESS ROBERT K  (CIK 0001198782)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001045810-24-000197","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_NVDA_20210622","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)","filingDate":"2021-06-21","adsh":"0001045810-21-000112","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_INTU_20240123","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INTU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $INTU 1 day after a corporate insider (Yuan Eric S.  (CIK 0001773298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTU","filer":"Yuan Eric S.  (CIK 0001773298)","filingDate":"2024-01-22","adsh":"0001062993-24-001131","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_DHR_20220715","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DHR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $DHR 1 day after a corporate insider (SCHWIETERS JOHN T  (CIK 0001187930)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHR","filer":"SCHWIETERS JOHN T  (CIK 0001187930)","filingDate":"2022-07-14","adsh":"0000313616-22-000161","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_MRK_20220805","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $MRK 1 day after a corporate insider (Williams David Michael  (CIK 0001820958)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Williams David Michael  (CIK 0001820958)","filingDate":"2022-08-04","adsh":"0001127602-22-020468","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_QCOM_20240702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $QCOM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $QCOM 1 day after a corporate insider (THOMPSON JAMES H  (CIK 0001559656)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"THOMPSON JAMES H  (CIK 0001559656)","filingDate":"2024-07-01","adsh":"0001888316-24-000047","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_MAS_20220720","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MAS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $MAS 1 day after a corporate insider (STERN ZACHARY M  (CIK 0001462935)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MAS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MAS","filer":"STERN ZACHARY M  (CIK 0001462935)","filingDate":"2022-07-19","adsh":"0000899243-22-026323","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_HPQ_20220803","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HPQ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $HPQ 1 day after a corporate insider (MYERS MARIE  (CIK 0001656326)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HPQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HPQ","filer":"MYERS MARIE  (CIK 0001656326)","filingDate":"2022-08-02","adsh":"0001209191-22-043907","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_MTCH_20210618","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MTCH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $MTCH 1 day after a corporate insider (Sine Jared F.  (CIK 0001678432)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTCH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MTCH","filer":"Sine Jared F.  (CIK 0001678432)","filingDate":"2021-06-17","adsh":"0000891103-21-000034","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_MTCH_20210224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MTCH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $MTCH 1 day after a corporate insider (Eigenmann Philip D  (CIK 0001721984)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTCH","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MTCH","filer":"Eigenmann Philip D  (CIK 0001721984)","filingDate":"2021-02-23","adsh":"0000891103-21-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_INFO_20210325","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INFO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $INFO 1 day after a corporate insider (MCWHINNEY DEBORAH D  (CIK 0001116722)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INFO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INFO","filer":"MCWHINNEY DEBORAH D  (CIK 0001116722)","filingDate":"2021-03-24","adsh":"0001598014-21-000054","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_INFO_20210316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INFO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $INFO 1 day after a corporate insider (Boyd Peter E.  (CIK 0001739816)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INFO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INFO","filer":"Boyd Peter E.  (CIK 0001739816)","filingDate":"2021-03-15","adsh":"0001214659-21-003146","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_DPZ_20220720","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DPZ 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $DPZ 2 days after a corporate insider (WEINER RUSSELL J  (CIK 0001622458)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DPZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DPZ","filer":"WEINER RUSSELL J  (CIK 0001622458)","filingDate":"2022-07-18","adsh":"0001209191-22-042437","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_GOOG_20220805","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $GOOG 2 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-08-03","adsh":"0001209191-22-044072","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001135_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+24 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning accumulated 49 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 24 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":24,"totalRaw":49}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_AMT_20221012","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $AMT 1 day before a corporate insider (PERRY MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001260775)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"PERRY MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001260775)","filingDate":"2022-10-13","adsh":"0001225208-22-010961"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_CRM_20240123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $CRM 1 day before a corporate insider (Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)","filingDate":"2024-01-24","adsh":"0001828972-24-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_COF_20220803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COF 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $COF 1 day before a corporate insider (PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO LLC  (CIK 0001163368)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COF","filer":"PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO LLC  (CIK 0001163368)","filingDate":"2022-08-04","adsh":"0000899243-22-027727"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_ADBE_20210325","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (Chen Gloria  (CIK 0001795424)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Chen Gloria  (CIK 0001795424)","filingDate":"2021-03-26","adsh":"0000796343-21-000067"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_ABT_20220727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $ABT 1 day before a corporate insider (Abt John  (CIK 0001639197)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Abt John  (CIK 0001639197)","filingDate":"2022-07-28","adsh":"0001209191-22-043398"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_CB_20240702","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $CB 1 day before a corporate insider (Lupica John J  (CIK 0001527836)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"Lupica John J  (CIK 0001527836)","filingDate":"2024-07-03","adsh":"0001213900-24-058797"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_PFE_20221012","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PFE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $PFE 1 day before a corporate insider (BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)","filingDate":"2022-10-13","adsh":"0001225208-22-010962"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_MRK_20240123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MRK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $MRK 1 day before a corporate insider (Williams David Michael  (CIK 0001820958)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Williams David Michael  (CIK 0001820958)","filingDate":"2024-01-24","adsh":"0001127602-24-002032"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_CAT_20240702","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CAT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $CAT 1 day before a corporate insider (Funk Paul II  (CIK 0002027952)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Funk Paul II  (CIK 0002027952)","filingDate":"2024-07-03","adsh":"0001554795-24-000168"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_LMT_20220727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $LMT 1 day before a corporate insider (TAICLET JAMES D JR  (CIK 0001218672)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMT","filer":"TAICLET JAMES D JR  (CIK 0001218672)","filingDate":"2022-07-28","adsh":"0001225208-22-009029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_INFO_20210316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $INFO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $INFO 1 day before a corporate insider (ROSENTHAL JAMES A  (CIK 0001509446)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INFO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INFO","filer":"ROSENTHAL JAMES A  (CIK 0001509446)","filingDate":"2021-03-17","adsh":"0001598014-21-000045"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_AMT_20220615","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $AMT 2 days before a corporate insider (HORMATS ROBERT D  (CIK 0001029613)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"HORMATS ROBERT D  (CIK 0001029613)","filingDate":"2022-06-17","adsh":"0001053507-22-000085"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_GOOG_20220727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $GOOG 2 days before a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2022-07-29","adsh":"0001209191-22-043551"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_EL_20220727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $EL 2 days before a corporate insider (ROOT JONATHAN D  (CIK 0001225480)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"ROOT JONATHAN D  (CIK 0001225480)","filingDate":"2022-07-29","adsh":"0001062993-22-016924"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_TSLA_20220912","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $TSLA 2 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2022-09-14","adsh":"0001771364-22-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_KEY_20220720","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KEY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $KEY 2 days before a corporate insider (DD Global Holdings Ltd  (CIK 0001835925)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KEY","filer":"DD Global Holdings Ltd  (CIK 0001835925)","filingDate":"2022-07-22","adsh":"0001104659-22-081983"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_ILMN_20211026","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ILMN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $ILMN 2 days before a corporate insider (Aravanis Alexander  (CIK 0001812464)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ILMN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ILMN","filer":"Aravanis Alexander  (CIK 0001812464)","filingDate":"2021-10-28","adsh":"0001127602-21-027761"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_MAS_20220803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MAS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $MAS 2 days before a corporate insider (LISTWIN DONALD J  (CIK 0001211436)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MAS","filer":"LISTWIN DONALD J  (CIK 0001211436)","filingDate":"2022-08-05","adsh":"0001406666-22-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_REG_20220803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $REG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $REG 2 days before a corporate insider (BLANKENSHIP C RONALD  (CIK 0001171118)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"REG","filer":"BLANKENSHIP C RONALD  (CIK 0001171118)","filingDate":"2022-08-05","adsh":"0001567619-22-015066"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_AMGN_20210430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMGN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $AMGN 3 days before a corporate insider (HOLLEY CHARLES M  (CIK 0001216478)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"HOLLEY CHARLES M  (CIK 0001216478)","filingDate":"2021-05-03","adsh":"0001127602-21-015041"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_LRCX_20210430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LRCX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $LRCX 3 days before a corporate insider (Bettinger Douglas R  (CIK 0001469469)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Bettinger Douglas R  (CIK 0001469469)","filingDate":"2021-05-03","adsh":"0000707549-21-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_CSCO_20220715","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CSCO 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $CSCO 3 days before a corporate insider (Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)","filingDate":"2022-07-18","adsh":"0001127602-22-019399"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_GOOGL_20240702","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $GOOGL 3 days before a corporate insider (CHAVEZ R. MARTIN  (CIK 0001157983)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"CHAVEZ R. MARTIN  (CIK 0001157983)","filingDate":"2024-07-05","adsh":"0000950170-24-081827"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_GOOG_20240123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning sell $GOOG 3 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2024-01-26","adsh":"0001209191-24-002324"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_GOOG_20220805","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning buy $GOOG 3 days before a corporate insider (Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)","filingDate":"2022-08-08","adsh":"0001209191-22-044748"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001135_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+91 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning accumulated 116 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 91 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":91,"totalRaw":116}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2024-07-10_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LMT 8 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 298-word floor speech on 2024-07-10 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise to honor the late Corporal Matthew A. Wyatt. After graduating from high school in June 2001, Corporal Wyatt made the courageous decision to serve his coun- try. He joined the Marin…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 8 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-07-10","chamber":"House","wordCount":298,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise to honor the late Corporal Matthew A. Wyatt. After graduating from high school in June 2001, Corporal Wyatt made the courageous decision to serve his coun- try. He joined the Marin","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/07/10/170/114/CREC-2024-07-10-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/07/10/170/114/CREC-2024-07-10-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2024-07-09_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JNJ 7 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 258-word floor speech on 2024-07-09 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman for his hard work and friendship. Mr. Speaker, for far too long, mil- lions of veterans exposed to toxins like burn pits and contaminated water did not receive the ca…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 7 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-07-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":258,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman for his hard work and friendship. Mr. Speaker, for far too long, mil- lions of veterans exposed to toxins like burn pits and contaminated water did not receive the ca","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/07/09/170/113/CREC-2024-07-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/07/09/170/113/CREC-2024-07-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2024-06-25_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 7 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 501-word floor speech on 2024-06-25 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank my good friend, Representative LUCY MC BATH, for her courage and her per- sistence in taking a mother’s unbear- able pain following the loss of her son, Jordan, and turning that p…\"). The member buy $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 7 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-06-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":501,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank my good friend, Representative LUCY MC BATH, for her courage and her per- sistence in taking a mother’s unbear- able pain following the loss of her son, Jordan, and turning that p","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/06/25/170/106/CREC-2024-06-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/06/25/170/106/CREC-2024-06-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2024-06-14_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 18 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 187-word floor speech on 2024-06-14 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, last week, I traveled with my colleagues to Normandy to commemorate the 80th anniversary of D-Day, the battle that turned the tide of World War II and led to the defeat of the Nazis. I me…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 18 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-06-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":187,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, last week, I traveled with my colleagues to Normandy to commemorate the 80th anniversary of D-Day, the battle that turned the tide of World War II and led to the defeat of the Nazis. I me","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/06/14/170/101/CREC-2024-06-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/06/14/170/101/CREC-2024-06-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2024-02-13_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 21 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 416-word floor speech on 2024-02-13 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. I rise in strong support of H.R. 3016, the IGO Anti-Boycott Act. I strongly support legislative efforts to combat international boycotts tha…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-02-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":416,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. I rise in strong support of H.R. 3016, the IGO Anti-Boycott Act. I strongly support legislative efforts to combat international boycotts tha","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/02/13/170/28/CREC-2024-02-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/02/13/170/28/CREC-2024-02-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2024-02-05_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MDT 13 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 453-word floor speech on 2024-02-05 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to celebrate Dr. Henry Smith of Cone Health upon his retirement. For nearly 30 years, Dr. Smith has been saving lives in our community as an interventional cardiologist. His…\"). The member buy $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-02-05","chamber":"House","wordCount":453,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to celebrate Dr. Henry Smith of Cone Health upon his retirement. For nearly 30 years, Dr. Smith has been saving lives in our community as an interventional cardiologist. His ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/02/05/170/20/CREC-2024-02-05-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/02/05/170/20/CREC-2024-02-05-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2023-04-25_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LMT 3 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 479-word floor speech on 2023-04-25 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of this resolution, and I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, 75 years ago, the State of Israel joined the community of na- tions when it decl…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 3 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-04-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":479,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of this resolution, and I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, 75 years ago, the State of Israel joined the community of na- tions when it decl","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/04/25/169/69/CREC-2023-04-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/04/25/169/69/CREC-2023-04-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2022-07-29_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 2 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 277-word floor speech on 2022-07-29 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, the CHIPS and Science Act is critical leg- islation to ramp up American produc- tion of semiconductor chips. Our economy relies on these chips, which are key components in every- thing…\"). The member sell $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-07-29","chamber":"House","wordCount":277,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, the CHIPS and Science Act is critical leg- islation to ramp up American produc- tion of semiconductor chips. Our economy relies on these chips, which are key components in every- thing ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/29/168/127/CREC-2022-07-29-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/29/168/127/CREC-2022-07-29-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2022-07-18_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNP 2 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 187-word floor speech on 2022-07-18 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today to celebrate a recent mile- stone in my home State of North Caro- lina. CNBC just recognized North Caro- lina as America’s Top State for Busi- ness in 2022. Thanks to the A…\"). The member buy $UNP (a Industrials-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-07-18","chamber":"House","wordCount":187,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today to celebrate a recent mile- stone in my home State of North Caro- lina. CNBC just recognized North Caro- lina as America’s Top State for Busi- ness in 2022. Thanks to the A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/18/168/118/CREC-2022-07-18-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/18/168/118/CREC-2022-07-18-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2022-07-15_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ on the same day as a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 218-word floor speech on 2022-07-15 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, in the Supreme Court decision to over- turn Roe v. Wade, Justice Thomas wrote an alarming concurring opinion explicitly calling for the reconsider- ation of the constitutional right to…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) on the same day as the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-07-15","chamber":"House","wordCount":218,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, in the Supreme Court decision to over- turn Roe v. Wade, Justice Thomas wrote an alarming concurring opinion explicitly calling for the reconsider- ation of the constitutional right to ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/15/168/117/CREC-2022-07-15-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/15/168/117/CREC-2022-07-15-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2022-06-22_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 28 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 605-word floor speech on 2022-06-22 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank Mr. CICILLINE for holding this Special Order. I am proud to rise to cel- ebrate Pride Month. This month, we honor the many con- tributions of the LGBTQ community while recognizi…\"). The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 28 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-06-22","chamber":"House","wordCount":605,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank Mr. CICILLINE for holding this Special Order. I am proud to rise to cel- ebrate Pride Month. This month, we honor the many con- tributions of the LGBTQ community while recognizi","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/06/22/168/106/CREC-2022-06-22-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/06/22/168/106/CREC-2022-06-22-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2022-06-21_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NOW 6 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 707-word floor speech on 2022-06-21 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1934) to direct the Federal Gov- ernment to provide assistance and technical expertise to enhance the rep- resentation and leadership o…\"). The member sell $NOW (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-06-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":707,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1934) to direct the Federal Gov- ernment to provide assistance and technical expertise to enhance the rep- resentation and leadership o","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/06/21/168/105/CREC-2022-06-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/06/21/168/105/CREC-2022-06-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2021-09-23_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 29 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 168-word floor speech on 2021-09-23 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of H.R. 5323, the Iron Dome Supplemental Appro- priations Act. Israel is our most important, most reliable, and only democratic ally in the Middle East. The…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 29 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-09-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":168,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of H.R. 5323, the Iron Dome Supplemental Appro- priations Act. Israel is our most important, most reliable, and only democratic ally in the Middle East. The","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/23/167/165/CREC-2021-09-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-22"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/23/167/165/CREC-2021-09-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001135_2021-09-22_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 30 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning delivered a 201-word floor speech on 2021-09-22 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of the bipar- tisan National Defense Authorization Act, and I urge my colleagues to sup- port the bill and my five amendments included in the bill. My State…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 30 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-09-22","chamber":"House","wordCount":201,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of the bipar- tisan National Defense Authorization Act, and I urge my colleagues to sup- port the bill and my five amendments included in the bill. My State","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/22/167/164/CREC-2021-09-22-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-22"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/22/167/164/CREC-2021-09-22-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_M001135_2022-07-27","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"113 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2022-07-27 — 95 unique tickers","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning executed 113 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2022-07-27 to 2022-08-03), spanning 95 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2022-07-27","windowEnd":"2022-08-03","tradeCount":113,"uniqueTickers":95,"totalDisclosedTrades":598,"sampleTickers":["AAPL","GOOGL","LRCX","NVDA","GIS","PYPL","DIS","SYY","WMT","ACN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001135","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 97 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 97 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); speech advocacy trade (14); trade near vote (12); coordinated trade cluster (6).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":97,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":12},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001135","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_M001135","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kathy E. Manning executed 89 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY SBUX (0d apart)","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning has 89 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY SBUX 2022-07-27 → 2022-07-27 (0d) · SELL→BUY PFE 2022-09-12 → 2022-10-12 (30d) · SELL→BUY AON 2022-07-27 → 2022-07-27 (0d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2022-07-15 → 2022-07-27 (12d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2022-07-27 → 2022-07-27 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":89,"samples":[{"ticker":"SBUX","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-07-27","date2":"2022-07-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PFE","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-09-12","date2":"2022-10-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AON","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-07-27","date2":"2022-07-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":12,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-07-15","date2":"2022-07-27","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-07-27","date2":"2022-07-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CNC","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-07-27","date2":"2022-07-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WMT","days":12,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-07-15","date2":"2022-07-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WMT","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-07-27","date2":"2022-07-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001135","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kathy E. Manning triggers 33 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning accumulates 33 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":33,"distinctDetectorTypes":14}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_M001135_2022-08-03","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kathy E. Manning — 57 trades on 2022-08-03","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning disclosed 57 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2022-08-03). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2022-08-03","count":57}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001135","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kathy E. Manning — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (598/598)","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":598,"atBracket":598,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001135","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kathy E. Manning — 163 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning has traded 163 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":163,"sample":["SBUX","PFE","AON","AAPL","CNC","CAT","WMT","CB","GRMN","GOOGL"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001135_NVDA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kathy E. Manning — 18 disclosed trades in single ticker NVDA","explanation":"Kathy E. Manning traded NVDA on 18 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NVDA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NVDA","count":18}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001035":[{"id":"P1_C001035_gu8ber","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AKAM 13d BEFORE S 3206 — \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastruct…\"","explanation":"Member traded AKAM (Technology) within 13 days of S 3206 \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","date":"2022-12-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3206","title":"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that impose new information reporting requ","introducedDate":"2023-01-02","daysDiff":-13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203206"]},{"id":"P1_C001035_3d62dm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AMZN 0d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded AMZN (Technology) within 0 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-01-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P1_C001035_8qv7j9","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NVDA 0d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded NVDA (Technology) within 0 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2022-01-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P3_C001035_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Healthcare bills while net-buying Healthcare stocks","explanation":"On 4 Healthcare bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 8 BUYS vs 3 SELLS in Healthcare stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Healthcare","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","buys":8,"sells":3,"netBuy":5,"total":11}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_C001035_ubwj99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,705,689 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from 1820 PAC","explanation":"1820 PAC spent $2,705,689 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00698126","name":"1820 PAC","support":2705689,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00698126/"]},{"id":"P6_C001035_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,701,609 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $2,701,609 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":2701609.3,"oppose":0,"events":13},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR HOME CARE PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_C001035_xa1efy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,523,113 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NRSC","explanation":"NRSC spent $1,523,113 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 32 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00027466","name":"NRSC","support":1523113.1900000004,"oppose":0,"events":32}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00027466/"]},{"id":"P6_C001035_uguimb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$770,299 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","explanation":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC. spent $770,299 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00608943","name":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","support":770298.6000000001,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608943/"]},{"id":"P6_C001035_uvu68r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$745,556 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC","explanation":"Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC spent $745,556 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00540443","name":"Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC","support":745556.25,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540443/"]},{"id":"P6_C001035_tuvicg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$649,801 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from TEXANS FOR FREEDOM","explanation":"TEXANS FOR FREEDOM spent $649,801 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00797332","name":"TEXANS FOR FREEDOM","support":649801,"oppose":0,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00797332/"]},{"id":"P6_C001035_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$630,083 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","explanation":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION spent $630,083 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":630082.52,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P6_C001035_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$618,711 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Leadership Fund","explanation":"Senate Leadership Fund spent $618,711 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":618711.1799999999,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P7_C001035_yv7cie","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $53,862,456 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $53,862,456 opposing this member across 2024 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":53862455.510000005,"totalSupport":14529477.280000042,"events":2024,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":27415264.129999995},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":4688192.49},{"name":"DSCC","oppose":4647250},{"name":"Priorities USA Action","oppose":2812113},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":2057458.5400000003}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_C001035_4f7gmm","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,960,277 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 7 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,960,277 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1960277.15,"events":7,"byYear":{"2020":1960277.15},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":1455978,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":250000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30000848","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","total":194899.15,"events":3},{"cmteId":"C30003230","name":"PATIENTS USA","total":59400,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001035_9ktlug","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$136,767 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $136,767 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":152004.06,"oppose":15236.760000000002,"net":136767.3,"events":36,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":61566.36,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005327","name":"GEORGIA CREDIT UNION LEAGUE","support":60800,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":20430.83,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":12002.510000000002,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":7742.299999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001035_ytoloe","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $322,222 / spent $263,386","explanation":"This member sponsors 1 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00802595","cmteName":"OVERHAUL PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":322222.1,"totalDisbursements":263386.3,"cashOnHand":62678.46}],"totalRaised":322222.1,"totalSpent":263386.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001035_GILD_2017-02-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GILD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-02-27 and 2017-03-06, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on GILD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2017-02-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GILD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"}],"span":"2017-02-27 to 2017-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001035_PX_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-10-31, 5 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001035_PX_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-10-31, 4 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001035_PX_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-10-31, 3 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001035_GE_2014-03-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-03-07 and 2014-03-13, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2014-03-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"B001248","name":"Michael C. Burgess"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2014-03-07 to 2014-03-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001035_EBAY_2014-01-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold EBAY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-01-23 and 2014-01-28, 3 members took the same direction on EBAY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EBAY","date":"2014-01-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EBAY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"}],"span":"2014-01-23 to 2014-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001035_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susan Collins executed 3 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","date":"2022-12-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-01-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2022-01-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Surfclam and Ocean Quahog Fisheries; 2023 Fishing Quotas for Atlantic Surfclams and Ocean Quahogs; and Suspensi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-11-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension of the Authorized Restricted Tow Times in Lieu of Turtle Excluder Devices for an Additional 30 Days by Shrimp ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-12-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001035_x2who9","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins campaign paid $652,708 to 20 surname-matched vendors, top: VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","explanation":"Susan Collins's campaign paid 87 disbursements totaling $652,708 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","total":44000,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":10000,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"NONFEDERAL: CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2017-09-06","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-08","description":"VA STATE LEVEL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","total":42500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-06-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":5000,"date":"2006-03-15","description":"CONSULTING - POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","total":30000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2001-10-15","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","amount":5000,"date":"2005-02-10","description":"GOVERNOR'S RACE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, JERRY","total":15000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, JERRY","amount":15000,"date":"2005-10-25","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VIRGINIANS%20FOR%20JERRY%20KILGORE"]},{"id":"P25_C001035_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of PAC dollars ($474,894) come from Party industry","explanation":"Susan Collins receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":474894.1000000001,"share":60.2,"totalPAC":788511.5200000001,"pacCount":41},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":474894.1000000001,"share":60.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":85317.42,"share":10.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":70000,"share":8.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":50000,"share":6.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001035","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 25 total findings","explanation":"Susan Collins has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":25,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001035_CARR_20220106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CARR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan Collins sell $CARR 2 days after a corporate insider (Bettis Carr  (CIK 0001586216)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CARR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CARR","filer":"Bettis Carr  (CIK 0001586216)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001179110-22-000129","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001035_VFC_20220106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VFC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan Collins sell $VFC 2 days after a corporate insider (MCMULLEN W RODNEY  (CIK 0001188115)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VFC","filer":"MCMULLEN W RODNEY  (CIK 0001188115)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001127602-22-000511","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001035_AKAM_20221220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AKAM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan Collins sell $AKAM 4 days after a corporate insider (Salem-Jackson Kim  (CIK 0001845739)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AKAM","filer":"Salem-Jackson Kim  (CIK 0001845739)","filingDate":"2022-12-16","adsh":"0001086222-22-000280","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001035_DNKN_20201216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DNKN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan Collins sell $DNKN 1 day before a corporate insider (SMITH ROLAND  (CIK 0001036513)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DNKN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DNKN","filer":"SMITH ROLAND  (CIK 0001036513)","filingDate":"2020-12-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-064038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001035_CARR_20220106","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CARR 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan Collins sell $CARR 4 days before a corporate insider (Carr Janet A  (CIK 0001756317)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CARR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CARR","filer":"Carr Janet A  (CIK 0001756317)","filingDate":"2022-01-10","adsh":"0001567619-22-000951"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_C001035_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_119152","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Susan Collins sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2026-04-16 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"119152","title":"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA","date":"2026-04-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20CELLULAR%20CORP%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20CELLULAR%20CORP%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001035_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_118241","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Susan Collins sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2025-05-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"118241","title":"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard","date":"2025-05-14T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20CELLULAR%20CORP%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20CELLULAR%20CORP%20PAC"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_GOOGL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $GOOGL — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $GOOGL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GOOGL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GOOGL","assetName":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GOOGL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_AMZN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $AMZN — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $AMZN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $AMZN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMZN","assetName":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMZN","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-02"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-05-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_BA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $BA — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $BA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $BA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BA","assetName":"BA - The Boeing Company","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BA","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-03-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_COP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $COP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $COP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $COP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"COP","assetName":"COP - ConocoPhillips","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"COP","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-12-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_HSY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $HSY — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $HSY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $HSY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HSY","assetName":"HSY - The Hershey Company Common Stock","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HSY","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-07-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-03-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-03"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-03-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_NVDA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $NVDA — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $NVDA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NVDA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NVDA","assetName":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation - Common Stock","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NVDA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_ROP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $ROP — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $ROP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $ROP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ROP","assetName":"ROP - Roper Technologies, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ROP","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_WCN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $WCN — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $WCN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $WCN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WCN","assetName":"WCN - Waste Connections, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WCN","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_HSIC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $HSIC — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $HSIC on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $HSIC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HSIC","assetName":"HSIC - Henry Schein, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e223492b-0b9e-47fc-9d64-ad7aa7fa7cde/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HSIC","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-07-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e223492b-0b9e-47fc-9d64-ad7aa7fa7cde/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_UL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $UL — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $UL on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $UL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"UL","assetName":"UL - Unilever PLC","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e223492b-0b9e-47fc-9d64-ad7aa7fa7cde/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"UL","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-05-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e223492b-0b9e-47fc-9d64-ad7aa7fa7cde/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_RHT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $RHT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $RHT on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $RHT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RHT","assetName":"RHT - Red Hat, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/307370a0-baff-4602-ba63-5ce34a0661cf/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RHT","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-31"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-08-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/307370a0-baff-4602-ba63-5ce34a0661cf/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_HON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $HON — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $HON on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $HON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HON","assetName":"HON - Honeywell International Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3535c6af-595c-4feb-bce4-10b10ec56dd4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HON","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-07"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3535c6af-595c-4feb-bce4-10b10ec56dd4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_NSRGY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $NSRGY — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $NSRGY on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $NSRGY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NSRGY","assetName":"NSRGY - Nestlé S.A. Filer comment: (Trust)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3535c6af-595c-4feb-bce4-10b10ec56dd4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NSRGY","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-04"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-07-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3535c6af-595c-4feb-bce4-10b10ec56dd4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_PX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $PX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $PX on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $PX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PX","assetName":"PX - Praxair Inc. Filer comment: This entry represents the pre-merger Praxair stock and its associat","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3535c6af-595c-4feb-bce4-10b10ec56dd4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PX","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-31"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-04-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3535c6af-595c-4feb-bce4-10b10ec56dd4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CVS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Health Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/162368f8-1b2c-46a2-9382-83084176a859/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-01-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/162368f8-1b2c-46a2-9382-83084176a859/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_FB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $FB — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $FB on their 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $FB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FB","assetName":"FB - Facebook, Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/162368f8-1b2c-46a2-9382-83084176a859/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FB","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-24"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-05-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/162368f8-1b2c-46a2-9382-83084176a859/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_GILD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $GILD — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $GILD on their 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $GILD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GILD","assetName":"GILD - Gilead Sciences, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/162368f8-1b2c-46a2-9382-83084176a859/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GILD","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-02"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/162368f8-1b2c-46a2-9382-83084176a859/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_RHHBY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $RHHBY — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $RHHBY on their 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $RHHBY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RHHBY","assetName":"RHHBY - Roche Holding AG","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/162368f8-1b2c-46a2-9382-83084176a859/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RHHBY","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-02"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-05-07"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/162368f8-1b2c-46a2-9382-83084176a859/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_ESRX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $ESRX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $ESRX on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $ESRX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ESRX","assetName":"ESRX - Express Scripts Holding Company","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/307868ca-486a-433d-86cc-ab6df2a13042/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ESRX","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-12-16"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-05-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/307868ca-486a-433d-86cc-ab6df2a13042/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_DVFAX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $DVFAX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $DVFAX on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $DVFAX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DVFAX","assetName":"DVFAX - Cohen & Steers Dividend Value A","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/247047c4-04e0-4216-9d2d-615b07f2ddf6/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DVFAX","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-12-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/247047c4-04e0-4216-9d2d-615b07f2ddf6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_AXP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $AXP — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $AXP on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $AXP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AXP","assetName":"AXP - American Express Company","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/247047c4-04e0-4216-9d2d-615b07f2ddf6/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AXP","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-20"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/247047c4-04e0-4216-9d2d-615b07f2ddf6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_SRCL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $SRCL — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $SRCL on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $SRCL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SRCL","assetName":"SRCL - Stericycle, Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/247047c4-04e0-4216-9d2d-615b07f2ddf6/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SRCL","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-12-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/247047c4-04e0-4216-9d2d-615b07f2ddf6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_GE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $GE — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed an asset position in $GE on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $GE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GE","assetName":"GE - General Electric Company (NYSE) Filer comment: Sold prior to end of 2014","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d7f94883-c414-4257-92eb-7cfdf448d2ca/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GE","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-07-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-03-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-01-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d7f94883-c414-4257-92eb-7cfdf448d2ca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_C001035_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 5 Healthcare stocks (DHR, JNJ, TMO, UNH, CVS)","explanation":"Susan Collins discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (DHR, JNJ, TMO, UNH, CVS) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["DHR","JNJ","TMO","UNH","CVS"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_C001035_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 2 Defense stocks (BA, RTX)","explanation":"Susan Collins discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA, RTX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA","RTX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_C001035_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 5 Energy stocks (COP, PSX, XOM, SLB, CVX)","explanation":"Susan Collins discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (COP, PSX, XOM, SLB, CVX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["COP","PSX","XOM","SLB","CVX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P57_C001035","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1960K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 74% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Susan Collins was the target of $1,960,277.15 in electioneering communications across 7 events from 4 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($1,455,978 = 74% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1960277.15,"events":7,"pacCount":4,"byYear":{"2020":1960277.15}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":1455978,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":250000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002851/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30000848","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","total":194899.15,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30000848/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003230","name":"PATIENTS USA","total":59400,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003230/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_C001035","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$152K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 41% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Susan Collins received $152,004.06 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($61,566.36 = 41%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":152004.06,"oppose":15236.760000000002,"byYear":{"2012":15788.370000000003,"2014":65313.17999999999,"2016":33627.729999999996,"2018":185.91,"2020":52325.63000000001,"2022":6805.5},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":61566.36,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005327","name":"GEORGIA CREDIT UNION LEAGUE","support":60800,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005327/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":20430.83,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005798/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":12002.510000000002,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":7742.299999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_C001035","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (10 total findings) — ie support concentration (8), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Susan Collins triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 10 total findings across them: ie support concentration (8), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":10,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":8},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_C001035","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $140,317.42","explanation":"Susan Collins received campaign contributions totaling $140,317.42 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FIRSTRUST SAVINGS BANK ($75,317.42); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($10,000); CONCRETE MASONRY AND HARDSCAPES ASSOCIATION (FORME ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL BOTTLED WATER ASSOCIATION (IBWA) ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":140317.41999999998,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"BANGOR SAVINGS BANK","ldaClient":"FIRSTRUST SAVINGS BANK","donorTotal":75317.42,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CONCRETE MASONRY ASSOC. PAC","ldaClient":"CONCRETE MASONRY AND HARDSCAPES ASSOCIATION (FORMERLY NAT'L CONCRETEMASONRYASSN)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BOTTLED WATER ASSOC PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BOTTLED WATER ASSOCIATION (IBWA)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_C001035","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses holdings in 223 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Susan Collins's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 223 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): VOYA, INGIX, FASMX, FSKAX, VEU, IRA, SNOXX, FIGRX, VWSUX, VTI, IJH, SPY, VIG, LIL, ACN, … (208 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":223,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["VOYA","INGIX","FASMX","FSKAX","VEU","IRA","SNOXX","FIGRX","VWSUX","VTI","IJH","SPY","VIG","LIL","ACN","GOOGL","AMZN","AMT","AWK","AME","APH","AON","AAPL","BA","SCHW"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_C001035_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 5 Healthcare stocks (DHR, JNJ, TMO, UNH, CVS) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Susan Collins's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 5 Healthcare stocks — DHR, JNJ, TMO, UNH, CVS — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2016). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["DHR","JNJ","TMO","UNH","CVS"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2016","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da9491f1-e92d-4592-a831-83d8d2484f6a/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da9491f1-e92d-4592-a831-83d8d2484f6a/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001035_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Defense stocks (BA, RTX) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Susan Collins's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Defense stocks — BA, RTX — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA","RTX"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/733d2eb1-37f7-4605-82da-57d84920c37c/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/733d2eb1-37f7-4605-82da-57d84920c37c/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001035_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 5 Energy stocks (COP, PSX, XOM, SLB, CVX) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Susan Collins's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 5 Energy stocks — COP, PSX, XOM, SLB, CVX — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2015). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["COP","PSX","XOM","SLB","CVX"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/18ec5284-5fab-4e3d-9d1c-0b362f153e5e/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/18ec5284-5fab-4e3d-9d1c-0b362f153e5e/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001035_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 7 Finance stocks (SCHW, JPM, MA, WFC, AXP, BAC, GS) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Susan Collins's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 7 Finance stocks — SCHW, JPM, MA, WFC, AXP, BAC, GS — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["SCHW","JPM","MA","WFC","AXP","BAC","GS"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/733d2eb1-37f7-4605-82da-57d84920c37c/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/733d2eb1-37f7-4605-82da-57d84920c37c/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_C001035_2014-05-07","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2014-05-07 — 64 unique tickers","explanation":"Susan Collins executed 64 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2014-05-07 to 2014-05-07), spanning 64 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2014-05-07","windowEnd":"2014-05-07","tradeCount":64,"uniqueTickers":64,"totalDisclosedTrades":336,"sampleTickers":["ESRX","RPM","WFC","OHI","DLR","PACW","NEE","BAC","FLY","VVC"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P67_C001035_Industrials","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 3 Industrials bills AND holds 4 Industrials stocks (UNP, MMM, HON, GE)","explanation":"Susan Collins has sponsored 3 bills affecting the Industrials sector AND simultaneously holds 4 publicly-traded Industrials stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (UNP, MMM, HON, GE). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: S 856 (2025-08-14), S 112 (2025-01-14), S 1496 (2025-08-14).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Industrials","count":3,"sample":[{"key":"111_S_856","title":"Commercial Truck Highway Safety Demonstration Program Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/856"},{"key":"112_S_112","title":"A bill to authorize the application of State law with respect to vehicle weight limitations on the I","introducedDate":"2025-01-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/112"},{"key":"112_S_1496","title":"Ethical Shipping Inspections Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1496"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Industrials","tickers":["UNP","MMM","HON","GE"],"totalCount":4,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P67_C001035_Energy","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 6 Energy bills AND holds 5 Energy stocks (COP, PSX, XOM, SLB, CVX)","explanation":"Susan Collins has sponsored 6 bills affecting the Energy sector AND simultaneously holds 5 publicly-traded Energy stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (COP, PSX, XOM, SLB, CVX). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: S 855 (2026-03-24), S 737 (2026-03-24), S 1396 (2025-04-07), S 1667 (2025-08-14), S 1830 (2025-04-07).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Energy","count":6,"sample":[{"key":"111_S_855","title":"A bill to establish an Energy Assistance Fund to guarantee low-interest loans for the purchase and i","introducedDate":"2026-03-24","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/855"},{"key":"111_S_737","title":"A bill to amend the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to authorize the Secretary of Energ","introducedDate":"2026-03-24","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/737"},{"key":"111_S_1396","title":"A bill to direct the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development to carr","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1396"},{"key":"111_S_1667","title":"Abrupt Climate Change Research Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1667"},{"key":"111_S_1830","title":"Federal Agency Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1830"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["COP","PSX","XOM","SLB","CVX"],"totalCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P67_C001035_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 5 Healthcare bills AND holds 5 Healthcare stocks (DHR, JNJ, TMO, UNH, CVS)","explanation":"Susan Collins has sponsored 5 bills affecting the Healthcare sector AND simultaneously holds 5 publicly-traded Healthcare stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (DHR, JNJ, TMO, UNH, CVS). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: S 1123 (2025-08-14), S 2814 (2025-12-06), S 3315 (2025-08-14), S 227 (2025-12-05), S 659 (2025-08-14).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Healthcare","count":5,"sample":[{"key":"111_S_1123","title":"Medicare Rural Home Health Preservation Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1123"},{"key":"111_S_2814","title":"Home Health Care Planning Improvement Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-12-06","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2814"},{"key":"111_S_3315","title":"Home Health Care Access Protection Act of 2010","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3315"},{"key":"112_S_227","title":"Home Health Care Planning Improvement Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/227"},{"key":"112_S_659","title":"Home Health Care Access Protection Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/659"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["DHR","JNJ","TMO","UNH","CVS"],"totalCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P74_C001035_2015","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Acquired 40 new ticker holdings in 2015 not present in prior PFD filings — including TFX, EPR, AMLP, ADP, CMCSK, DD","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 40 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: TFX, EPR, AMLP, ADP, CMCSK, DD, XOM, KMB, MRK, MSFT, NSRGY, PEP.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2015,"count":40,"newTickers":["TFX","EPR","AMLP","ADP","CMCSK","DD","XOM","KMB","MRK","MSFT","NSRGY","PEP"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d7f94883-c414-4257-92eb-7cfdf448d2ca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d7f94883-c414-4257-92eb-7cfdf448d2ca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001035","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 26 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 221 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Susan Collins appears in 26 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 221 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 26 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (171); ie support concentration (8); coordinated trade cluster (6); spouse holding industry vote (4); trade near vote (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":26,"totalFindings":221,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":171},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":8},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":6},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","count":3},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001035","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_C001035_2015","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 90 ticker holdings between 2014 and 2015 — including MLPRX, ASHCX, MFCDX, CAIBX, ACE, ALL","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 90 ticker holdings present in the 2014 filing but absent in 2015. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: MLPRX, ASHCX, MFCDX, CAIBX, ACE, ALL, AMZN, AIG, BAC, BIIB, BMY, CELG.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2014,2015],"count":90,"divestedTickers":["MLPRX","ASHCX","MFCDX","CAIBX","ACE","ALL","AMZN","AIG","BAC","BIIB","BMY","CELG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d7f94883-c414-4257-92eb-7cfdf448d2ca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d7f94883-c414-4257-92eb-7cfdf448d2ca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P80_C001035","pattern_type":"P80_TRIPLE_SECTOR_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triple-overlap conflict in 1 sector: Finance — appears in PFD holdings, donor industries, AND committee jurisdiction","explanation":"Susan Collins has triple-axis conflict-of-interest exposure in 1 sector — Finance. For each of these sectors, the senator simultaneously: (1) holds publicly-traded stock per their Senate annual financial disclosure, (2) receives campaign contributions from PACs/donors in that industry, AND (3) serves on a Senate committee with jurisdiction over the industry's federal regulation. Three-way alignment is the cleanest position-conflict signal — each axis alone could be coincidental, but the combination establishes a settled pattern. The PELOSI Act recusal language would specifically require recusal from votes affecting these sectors. Sectors flagged: Finance.","evidence":[{"source":"triple_overlap","sectors":["Finance"],"allPfdSectors":["Technology","Defense","Finance","Energy","Healthcare","Pharma","Utilities","Staples","Industrials","Consumer","Telecom"],"allDonorSectors":["Finance","Telecom","Energy"],"allCommitteeSectors":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins's 2025 PFD: 89 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (94% of 95 reported assets)","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 89 reported holdings owned by Spouse (86), Joint (3), or Dependent (0) — 94% of 95 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: TDBank (Bangor, ME) Type: Checking · Joint: TDBank (Bangor, ME) Type: Certificate of Deposit · Spouse: TDBank (Bangor, ME) Type: Savings · Spouse: TDBank (Bangor, ME) Type: Certificate of Deposit.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":86,"Joint":3,"Dependent":0,"Self":5},"totalAssets":95,"familyShare":0.937,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TDBank (Bangor, ME) Type: Checking","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TDBank (Bangor, ME) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"TDBank (Bangor, ME) Type: Savings","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"TDBank (Bangor, ME) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bangor Savings Bank (Bangor, Maine) Type: Checking","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_C001035","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins filed 4 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 104 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Susan Collins has filed 4 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 104 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2015 (104d late, filed 08/27/2015) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020) · 2015 (82d late, filed 08/05/2015) · 2023 (71d late, filed 07/25/2023).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":4,"maxDaysLate":104,"samples":[{"year":2015,"filingDate":"08/27/2015","daysLate":104,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d7f94883-c414-4257-92eb-7cfdf448d2ca/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/307370a0-baff-4602-ba63-5ce34a0661cf/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"08/05/2015","daysLate":82,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/extension-notice/regular/16dc666b-93de-4f7a-ad64-a2d71fb4dae8/","title":"Annual Report for 2014 Due Date Extension 1 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"07/25/2023","daysLate":71,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e223492b-0b9e-47fc-9d64-ad7aa7fa7cde/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d7f94883-c414-4257-92eb-7cfdf448d2ca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/307370a0-baff-4602-ba63-5ce34a0661cf/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/extension-notice/regular/16dc666b-93de-4f7a-ad64-a2d71fb4dae8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo San","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 7.25% (7/1 ARM) from Wells Fargo San.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"7.25% (7/1 ARM)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo San Francisco, CA","incurred":"2012"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P99_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Global Public Strategies LLC","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Global Public Strategies LLC Dallas, (Self-Employment Income (Consulting Fee)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income (Consulting Fee)","payer":"Global Public Strategies LLC Dallas, TX","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P106_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins holds 25 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), AAPL ($20.9M), MRK ($19.8M)","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 25 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $222.3M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · MRK ($19.8M, 49 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings) · UNH ($17.0M, 31 filings) · BA ($13.1M, 49 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":25,"totalLobbyAcrossM":222.3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"MRK","totalLobby":19810000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO. INC."},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"UNH","totalLobby":16960000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC."},{"ticker":"BA","totalLobby":13050000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"BOEING"},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"NEE","totalLobby":11089640,"recordCount":65,"topClient":"NEXTERA ENERGY RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 4 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), MSFT (8,404), BA (4,364)","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 24,694 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · BA (4,364 patents) · MA (1,031 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":4,"totalPatents":24694,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BA","patentCount":4364,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MA","patentCount":1031,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 3 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $380M) — top: MRK ($361.3M), ACN ($15.8M), RTX ($2.6M)","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $380M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: MRK ($361.3M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · ACN ($15.8M, 8 contracts, Department of Commerce) · RTX ($2.6M, 3 contracts, Department of Transportation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"totalContractValueM":379.72,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","total":361340129.54,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"ACN","total":15822726.309999999,"count":8,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy","Department of Homeland Security"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"RTX","total":2558117.42,"count":3,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P111_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P111_SPONSORED_SECTOR_BILL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins sponsored sector-aligned bills × holds matching PFD tickers in 1 sector — top: healthcare (4 bills, DHR, JNJ, TMO)","explanation":"Susan Collins has sponsored ≥3 bills in 1 non-generic sector AND simultaneously holds ≥3 stock tickers per their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure that map to the same sector. The sector-aligned-sponsorship + sector-aligned-portfolio combination is a clean conflict signal — every bill the senator pushes that affects these sectors moves their personal balance sheet through stock-price effects. Bill classification uses the Officium AI taxonomy (tax / finance / healthcare / pharma / defense / energy / transportation / tech / crypto / housing / agriculture); ticker-to-sector mapping uses the ~150-company classification we use across the platform. Aligned sectors: healthcare (sponsored 4 bills · holds DHR, JNJ, TMO, UNH).","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_sector_holding","year":"2025","alignedCount":1,"aligned":[{"kind":"healthcare","sponsoredCount":4,"sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["DHR","JNJ","TMO","UNH"]}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/member/susan-collins/C001035"]},{"id":"P113_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P113_PFD_HEALTH_INSURER_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins holds 1 major US health-insurer ticker on 2025 PFD — UNH","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US health insurers (UnitedHealth UNH, Elevance/Anthem ELV, Cigna CI, Humana HUM, Centene CNC, Molina MOH). Health-insurer stock prices are directly affected by these policies — every committee vote on Medicare physician fee schedules, Medicare Advantage star ratings, prior-authorization requirements, or ACA risk-adjustment formulas moves the held stocks. This is the cleanest single-sector conflict signal next to defense contractors. Holdings: UNH ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_health_insurer","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"UNH","asset":"UNH - UnitedHealth Group Incorporated Filer comment: (Trust)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onHealthCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.cms.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P114_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — GOOGL, AMZN, AAPL, MSFT","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: GOOGL ($100,001 - $250,000) · AMZN ($50,001 - $100,000) · AAPL ($100,001 - $250,000) · MSFT ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins holds 2 defense-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD — BA, RTX","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: BA ($15,001 - $50,000) · RTX ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","asset":"BA - The Boeing Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"RTX","asset":"RTX - Rtx Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 2 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Foreign Relations/Banking — MCHP, NVDA","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. The senator sits on Commerce, Foreign Relations, Banking, Appropriations, or Intelligence — committees with direct jurisdiction over these policies. Holdings: MCHP ($15,001 - $50,000) · NVDA ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MCHP","asset":"MCHP - Microchip Technology Incorporated","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - NVIDIA Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onChipCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 2 insurance tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Banking/Finance — AON, GL","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Banking, Finance, Indian Affairs, or Appropriations — committees with jurisdiction over federal flood insurance reauthorization, terrorism risk insurance backstop (TRIA), federal cyber-insurance pool proposals, McCarran-Ferguson Act state-vs-federal regulation debates, and ACA insurance-market policy. Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: AON ($15,001 - $50,000) · GL (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AON","asset":"AON - Aon plc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GL","asset":"GL - Globe Life Inc.","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onInsCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P120_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins holds 2 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — JPM, USB","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: JPM ($15,001 - $50,000) · USB ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JPMorgan Chase & Co. Filer comment: (Trust)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"USB","asset":"USB - U.S. Bancorp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P122_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P122_PFD_AIRLINES_HOLDING_AVIATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 1 airline / aerospace ticker on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Aviation — BA","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in airlines, aerospace, or aviation suppliers (Delta DAL, American AAL, United UAL, Southwest LUV, Alaska ALK, JetBlue JBLU, plus Boeing BA, eVTOL Joby JOBY, Archer ACHR). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Commerce, Aviation subcommittee, Appropriations Transportation, or Judiciary Antitrust — committees with primary jurisdiction over FAA reauthorization (every 5 years), airline-merger reviews, slot allocations at congested airports, pilot fatigue rules, and DOT consumer-protection rules. Airline mergers (JetBlue / Spirit, Alaska / Hawaiian) require DOT and DOJ approval; FAA reauthorization includes pilot training rules, ATC funding, and consumer-protection mandates. Holdings: BA ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_airlines_aviation","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","asset":"BA - The Boeing Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAviationCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.faa.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 2 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Energy/Environment — COP, PSX","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Energy & Natural Resources, Environment & Public Works, Interior, or Finance — committees with primary jurisdiction over federal oil-and-gas leases (BLM Form 3160), pipeline permitting (FERC), strategic petroleum reserve releases, methane-emission standards, and Inflation Reduction Act clean-energy tax-credit policies. Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: COP ($15,001 - $50,000) · PSX ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"COP","asset":"COP - ConocoPhillips","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"PSX","asset":"PSX - Phillips 66 Filer comment: (Trust)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 2 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on HELP/Finance/Aging — JNJ, MRK","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate HELP, Finance, Aging, or Judiciary committees — bodies with primary jurisdiction over Medicare drug-pricing negotiation (Inflation Reduction Act), FDA approval pathways, biosimilar exclusivity, the 340B drug-pricing program, Medicare Part D reform, and PBM (pharmacy benefit manager) reform. Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: JNJ ($15,001 - $50,000) · MRK ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MRK","asset":"MRK - Merck & Co. Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P125_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins holds 1 clean-energy / renewables ticker on 2025 PFD — senator on Energy/Environment — NEE","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in clean-energy or renewables companies — solar (First Solar FSLR, Enphase ENPH, SolarEdge SEDG, Sunrun RUN), wind / utility-scale (NextEra NEE, Brookfield Renewables BEP, AES), grid storage (Quanta Services PWR, EnerSys ENS), nuclear (Cameco CCJ, Centrus Energy LEU, BWX Technologies), or EV charging (ChargePoint CHPT, EVgo EVGO, Blink BLNK). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Energy & Natural Resources, Environment & Public Works, Finance, or Appropriations — committees with direct jurisdiction over Inflation Reduction Act clean-energy tax credits ($369B over 10 years), DOE loan programs, Renewable Fuel Standard, and federal-lands renewable-leasing. Senators voting on the IRA's continuation, expansion, or repeal hold portfolios that move with their votes — every committee mark-up affecting renewable-energy tax credits or DOE loan guarantees moves these stocks. Holdings: NEE ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_clean_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NEE","asset":"NEE - NextEra Energy, Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.energy.gov/policy/inflation-reduction-act"]},{"id":"P126_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins holds 1 publicly-traded REIT ticker on 2025 PFD — AMT","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holding — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: AMT ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMT","asset":"AMT - American Tower Corporation","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins holds 2 asset-manager / PE-firm tickers on 2025 PFD — SCHW, CME","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: SCHW ($15,001 - $50,000) · CME ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"SCHW","asset":"SCHW - The Charles Schwab Corporation","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CME","asset":"CME - CME Group Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins's 2025 PFD lists 56 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 56 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): VOYA, INGIX, FASMX, FSKAX, VEU, IRA, SNOXX, FIGRX, VWSUX, VTI.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":56,"sampleTickers":["VOYA","INGIX","FASMX","FSKAX","VEU","IRA","SNOXX","FIGRX","VWSUX","VTI","IJH","SPY","VIG","LIL","ACN","GOOGL","AMZN","AMT","AWK","AME","APH","AON","AAPL","BA","SCHW","CME","COP","DHR","ECL","GL"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_C001035","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $25.2M across 22 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Susan Collins's FEC-bulk record shows $25.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $128.8M (PAC: $25.2M, individual: $88.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":25.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":128.81,"lifetimeIndividualM":88.48,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6ME00159"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6ME00159/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_C001035","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $129M across 22 cycles","explanation":"Susan Collins's FEC-bulk record shows $128.8M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":128.81,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6ME00159"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6ME00159/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_C001035","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL RHT (30d apart)","explanation":"Susan Collins has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL RHT 2014-03-04 → 2014-04-03 (30d) · SELL→BUY TOLLX 2014-12-15 → 2014-12-18 (3d) · BUY→SELL M 2014-04-07 → 2014-05-07 (30d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"RHT","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-03-04","date2":"2014-04-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TOLLX","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-12-15","date2":"2014-12-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"M","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-04-07","date2":"2014-05-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_C001035","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins's PAC funding concentrates 57% in Finance ($0.09M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Susan Collins's PAC donors concentrate 57% in the Finance industry — $0.09M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.09M · Labor $0.03M · Pharma $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":56.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.09,"Labor":0.03,"Pharma":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6ME00159/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_C001035","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins triggers 22 HIGH-severity findings across 54 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Susan Collins accumulates 22 HIGH-severity findings across 54 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":22,"distinctDetectorTypes":54}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_C001035","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins triggers 55 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Susan Collins accumulates findings across 55 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 55 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":55,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P17","P18","P19","P25","P36","P42","P43","P47","P53","P54","P57","P58","P59","P61","P63","P64","P65","P67","P74","P78","P79","P80","P87"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_C001035","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,199 sponsored, 6,584 cosponsored","explanation":"Susan Collins's congress.gov record shows 1,199 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1199,"cosponsoredCount":6584,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/susan-m.-collins/C001035","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_C001035","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,584 cosponsored, 1,199 sponsored","explanation":"Susan Collins's congress.gov record shows 6,584 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6584,"sponsoredCount":1199,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/susan-m.-collins/C001035","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P160_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins's 2025 PFD shows 5 broad-market index funds (9% of 56 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 of 56 ticker holdings (9%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: FSKAX, VEU, VTI, IJH, SPY.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":5,"totalTickers":56,"ratio":0.09,"broadTickers":["FSKAX","VEU","VTI","IJH","SPY"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Global Public Strategies LLC (Self-Employment Income (Consulting Fee))","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Self-Employment Income (Consulting Fee) from Global Public Strategies LLC (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income (Consulting Fee)","payer":"Global Public Strategies LLC Dallas, TX","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f2f01d23-0af5-4958-984c-e97e7b2f8544/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f2f01d23-0af5-4958-984c-e97e7b2f8544/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_ME_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ME delegation: Susan Collins & Angus King both flagged on 35 shared detector types (9 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from ME — Susan Collins and Angus King — are flagged on the same 35 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 9 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P17, P18, P19.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"ME","juniorSenatorBid":"K000383","juniorSenatorName":"Angus King","sharedDetectorCount":35,"sharedHighCount":9,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P17","P18","P19","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P58","P61","P63"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001035","https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000383"]},{"id":"P178_C001035_2014-05-07","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins — 64 trades on 2014-05-07","explanation":"Susan Collins disclosed 64 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2014-05-07). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2014-05-07","count":64}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001035","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (335/336)","explanation":"Susan Collins's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":336,"atBracket":335,"pct":"99.7"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001035","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susan Collins — 218 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Susan Collins has traded 218 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":218,"sample":["GL","AKAM","HSY","UL","CARR","AMZN","NVDA","LIN","HSIC","VFC"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P181_C001035","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins — 89 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Susan Collins sponsored 89 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":89}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_C001035_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan Collins — 64 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Susan Collins's 2025 Senate PFD shows 64 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":64,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dfde21c-e97b-43ff-99ed-150fb29dfcdc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_C001035","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan Collins — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($64.4M)","explanation":"Susan Collins is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $64.4M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":64403314,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6ME00159/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P53_C001035_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+146 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Susan Collins accumulated 171 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 146 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 143 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":146,"totalRaw":171,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":143}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001035"]}],"T000488":[{"id":"P1_T000488_l127et","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 11d BEFORE HR 465 — \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security…\" · sponsor D-TX","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 11 days of HR 465 \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensur\", sponsored by Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-01-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 465","title":"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensure coverage without a 5-year delay of cer","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-11,"sponsorName":"Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29]","sponsorBioguide":"G000410","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20465"]},{"id":"P1_T000488_l127et","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 11d BEFORE HR 465 — \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security…\" · sponsor D-TX","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 11 days of HR 465 \"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensur\", sponsored by Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-01-25","amount":"$15,001","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 465","title":"To amend titles XIX and XXI of the Social Security Act to permit States to ensure coverage without a 5-year delay of cer","introducedDate":"2024-02-05","daysDiff":-11,"sponsorName":"Rep. Green, Gene [D-TX-29]","sponsorBioguide":"G000410","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20465"]},{"id":"P1_T000488_vo8hnr","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL APO 13d after S 2939 — \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to re…\" · sponsor R-SC","explanation":"Member traded APO (Finance) within 13 days of S 2939 \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of\", sponsored by Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","date":"2023-01-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2939","title":"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC]","sponsorBioguide":"D000595","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"SC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202939"]},{"id":"P1_T000488_byt88z","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CG 13d after S 2939 — \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to re…\" · sponsor R-SC","explanation":"Member traded CG (Finance) within 13 days of S 2939 \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of\", sponsored by Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CG","date":"2023-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2939","title":"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC]","sponsorBioguide":"D000595","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"SC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202939"]},{"id":"P1_T000488_tulbe7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BX 13d after S 2939 — \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to re…\" · sponsor R-SC","explanation":"Member traded BX (Finance) within 13 days of S 2939 \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of\", sponsored by Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2023-01-23","amount":"$50,001","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2939","title":"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC]","sponsorBioguide":"D000595","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"SC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202939"]},{"id":"P1_T000488_hd0pgn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BIIB 13d after SRES 539 — \"A resolution designating May 24, 2010, as \"Prescri…\" · sponsor D-PA","explanation":"Member traded BIIB (Pharma) within 13 days of SRES 539 \"A resolution designating May 24, 2010, as \"Prescription Drug Disposal Awareness \", sponsored by Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","date":"2023-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 539","title":"A resolution designating May 24, 2010, as \"Prescription Drug Disposal Awareness Day\".","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA]","sponsorBioguide":"C001070","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"PA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20539"]},{"id":"P1_T000488_xzlqs3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CHRS 13d after SRES 539 — \"A resolution designating May 24, 2010, as \"Prescri…\" · sponsor D-PA","explanation":"Member traded CHRS (Pharma) within 13 days of SRES 539 \"A resolution designating May 24, 2010, as \"Prescription Drug Disposal Awareness \", sponsored by Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRS","date":"2023-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 539","title":"A resolution designating May 24, 2010, as \"Prescription Drug Disposal Awareness Day\".","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA]","sponsorBioguide":"C001070","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"PA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20539"]},{"id":"P1_T000488_lqo585","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL KKR 13d after S 2939 — \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to re…\" · sponsor R-SC","explanation":"Member traded KKR (Finance) within 13 days of S 2939 \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of\", sponsored by Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","date":"2023-01-23","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2939","title":"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC]","sponsorBioguide":"D000595","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"SC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202939"]},{"id":"P1_T000488_unz4i","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AXP 13d after S 2939 — \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to re…\" · sponsor R-SC","explanation":"Member traded AXP (Finance) within 13 days of S 2939 \"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of\", sponsored by Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2023-01-23","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2939","title":"A bill to amend title 31, United States Code to require an audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","introducedDate":"2023-01-10","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. DeMint, Jim [R-SC]","sponsorBioguide":"D000595","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"SC","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202939"]},{"id":"P2_T000488_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Shri Thanedar serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shri_Thanedar","https://www.detroitchamber.com/bios/shri-thanedar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000488"]},{"id":"P2_T000488_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Shri Thanedar serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shri_Thanedar","https://www.detroitchamber.com/bios/shri-thanedar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000488"]},{"id":"P4_T000488_Technology","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology trades filed 46d late on avg — overall avg only 33d","explanation":"In Technology (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 46.1 days — versus 32.6 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":15,"avgGap":46},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":28,"avgGap":33},{"source":"pac","sector":"Technology","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_T000488_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,010,142 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $1,010,142 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":1010142,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P7_T000488_50fv1r","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,188,284 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,188,284 opposing this member across 11 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2188284.0100000002,"totalSupport":1012792.83,"events":11,"topAttackers":[{"name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","oppose":1428679.1800000002},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":759604.83}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000488_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shri Thanedar executed 15 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-04-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-04-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2024-04-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-04-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer From Virginia to Massachusetts","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-03-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer From Virginia to Massachusetts","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000488_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shri Thanedar executed 8 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2023-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","date":"2023-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","date":"2023-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CG","date":"2023-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Determination","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-12-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Determination","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-12-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000488_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Shri Thanedar executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","date":"2023-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRS","date":"2023-01-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Cardiovascular Devices; Classification of the Adjunctive Hemodynamic Indicator With Decision Point","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-12-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Cardiovascular Devices; Classification of the Adjunctive Hemodynamic Indicator With Decision Point","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-12-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000488_fsa08x","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shri Thanedar campaign paid $1,100 to 2 surname-matched vendors, top: THANEDAR, SHRI REP.","explanation":"Shri Thanedar's campaign paid 2 disbursements totaling $1,100 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THANEDAR, SHRI REP.","total":1000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THANEDAR, SHRI REP.","amount":1000,"date":"2023-09-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"thanedar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THANEDAR, PRAMOD","total":100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THANEDAR, PRAMOD","amount":100,"date":"2026-01-15","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"thanedar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THANEDAR"]},{"id":"P25_T000488_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"55% of PAC dollars ($216,623) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Shri Thanedar receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":216622.57,"share":54.8,"totalPAC":395522.57,"pacCount":23},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":216622.57,"share":54.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":51200,"share":12.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":29000,"share":7.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":17500,"share":4.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_T000488","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"17% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 35 disclosed trades, 6 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.7× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":6,"total":35,"rate":17.1},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":2.66}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000488","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Shri Thanedar has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_T000488_TSLA_20220801","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2022-Q3 while TESLA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Shri Thanedar executed a sell in TSLA during 2022-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA INC, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-01","quarter":"2022-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA INC","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_T000488_TSLA_20220801","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $TSLA 3 days after a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2022-07-29","adsh":"0001790565-22-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000488_GOOG_20240402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GOOG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $GOOG 4 days after a corporate insider (WALKER JOHN KENT  (CIK 0001238734)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"WALKER JOHN KENT  (CIK 0001238734)","filingDate":"2024-03-29","adsh":"0001209191-24-005134","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000488_WMT_20230123","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WMT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $WMT 4 days after a corporate insider (Kumar Suresh  (CIK 0001781198)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Kumar Suresh  (CIK 0001781198)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0001127602-23-001844","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000488_COIN_20221220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COIN 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $COIN 5 days after a corporate insider (Lutke Tobias  (CIK 0001666546)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"Lutke Tobias  (CIK 0001666546)","filingDate":"2022-12-15","adsh":"0001679788-22-000139","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_GOOG_20240125","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $GOOG 1 day before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2024-01-26","adsh":"0001209191-24-002324"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_TSLA_20220801","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Wilson-Thompson Kathleen  (CIK 0001331680)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Wilson-Thompson Kathleen  (CIK 0001331680)","filingDate":"2022-08-02","adsh":"0001771340-22-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_GOOG_20240402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $GOOG 2 days before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2024-04-04","adsh":"0001209191-24-005228"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_BIIB_20230123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BIIB 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $BIIB 4 days before a corporate insider (Izzar Rachid  (CIK 0001875506)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BIIB","filer":"Izzar Rachid  (CIK 0001875506)","filingDate":"2023-01-27","adsh":"0001127602-23-002481"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_AMZN_20240402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $AMZN 6 days before a corporate insider (Selipsky Adam  (CIK 0001684974)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Selipsky Adam  (CIK 0001684974)","filingDate":"2024-04-08","adsh":"0001018724-24-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_MSFT_20240125","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $MSFT 7 days before a corporate insider (STANTON JOHN W  (CIK 0000904858)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"STANTON JOHN W  (CIK 0000904858)","filingDate":"2024-02-01","adsh":"0001062993-24-001771"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_BX_20230123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BX 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $BX 7 days before a corporate insider (BMA VI L.L.C.  (CIK 0001556083)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001","tradeDate":"2023-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"BMA VI L.L.C.  (CIK 0001556083)","filingDate":"2023-01-30","adsh":"0000899243-23-002981"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_AXP_20230123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AXP 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $AXP 9 days before a corporate insider (Grosfield Howard  (CIK 0001957990)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Grosfield Howard  (CIK 0001957990)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-002838"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_WMT_20230123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $WMT 10 days before a corporate insider (Chojnowski David  (CIK 0001502438)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Chojnowski David  (CIK 0001502438)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001127602-23-003197"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000488_JD_20220422","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JD 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sell $JD 10 days before a corporate insider (Finley John David  (CIK 0001851034)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JD","filer":"Finley John David  (CIK 0001851034)","filingDate":"2022-05-02","adsh":"0001209191-22-026450"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_T000488_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ELEVATOR%20CONSTRUCTORS%20PAC%2F%20INTN'L%20%20UNION%20OF%20ELEVATOR%20CONSTRUCTORS%20(NEC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ELEVATOR%20CONSTRUCTORS%20PAC%2F%20INTN'L%20%20UNION%20OF%20ELEVATOR%20CONSTRUCTORS%20(NEC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_T000488_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $18,300 donor","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $18,300 in contributions across 4 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":18300,"count":4,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P48_T000488_116802","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 13 days before a Technology hearing in Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","explanation":"Shri Thanedar sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection, which on 2024-02-06 held a hearing titled \"\"Securing Operational Technology: A Deep Dive into the Water Sector\"\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 13 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection","eventId":"116802","title":"\"Securing Operational Technology: A Deep Dive into the Water Sector\"","date":"2024-02-06T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116802"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116802","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_T000488","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $68,300","explanation":"Shri Thanedar received campaign contributions totaling $68,300 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($18,300); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($10,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":68300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":18300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION PAC (AAHOA PAC)","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_T000488","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 40 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Shri Thanedar appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 40 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (10); trade near vote (9); insider followed trade (4); reg rule trade proximity (3); committee pac conflict (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":40,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":9},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":2},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000488","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_T000488","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shri Thanedar triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Shri Thanedar accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_T000488_2023-01-23","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shri Thanedar — 15 trades on 2023-01-23","explanation":"Shri Thanedar disclosed 15 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-01-23). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-01-23","count":15}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_T000488","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shri Thanedar — 91% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (32/35)","explanation":"Shri Thanedar's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 91% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":35,"atBracket":32,"pct":"91.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"R000305":[{"id":"P1_R000305_kwmod4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY AAPL 7d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 7 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2021-12-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":-7,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P6_R000305_d0l0gm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$673,776 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND ","explanation":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO spent $673,776 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011172","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":673776,"oppose":671718,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011172/"]},{"id":"P6_R000305_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$306,889 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Majority PAC","explanation":"Senate Majority PAC spent $306,889 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"Senate Majority PAC","support":306889,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P7_R000305_5prcp2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $25,885,590 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $25,885,590 opposing this member across 9774 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":25885590.21999999,"totalSupport":2289455.8699995265,"events":9774,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":13599585.390000004},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","oppose":3097652.259999998},{"name":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action","oppose":2315126.89},{"name":"GROW NC STRONG INC","oppose":2274430.6500000004},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":2221004}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_R000305_r2b6q3","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$341,148 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $341,148 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":341148,"events":3,"byYear":{"2010":341148},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":223148,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30001788","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION","total":118000,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_R000305_mn8ico","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,373 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $76,373 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":76373.15999999999,"oppose":0,"net":76373.15999999999,"events":29,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":30242.729999999996,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":15202.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":8849.8,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":6732.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":5325.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000305_7ftaus","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $382,821 / spent $360,249","explanation":"This member sponsors 11 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00493239","cmteName":"TAXPAYERS INCENSED BY GOVERNMENT EXCESS AND REGULATION PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":56130,"totalDisbursements":50955.2,"cashOnHand":5174.85},{"cmteId":"C00493239","cmteName":"TAXPAYERS INCENSED BY GOVERNMENT EXCESS AND REGULATION PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":41696.2,"totalDisbursements":39258.9,"cashOnHand":7612.13},{"cmteId":"C00493239","cmteName":"TAXPAYERS INCENSED BY GOVERNMENT EXCESS AND REGULATION PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":53500,"totalDisbursements":48987.2,"cashOnHand":12124.93},{"cmteId":"C00493239","cmteName":"TAXPAYERS INCENSED BY GOVERNMENT EXCESS AND REGULATION PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":50150,"totalDisbursements":51946.6,"cashOnHand":10328.34},{"cmteId":"C00749879","cmteName":"AMERICAN MACCARONI","year":"2020","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":382821.4,"totalSpent":360248.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_R000305_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21638 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $4,780,180 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 21638× NOT EMPLOYED = $4,780,180; 5307× SELF EMPLOYED = $1,601,419; 4830× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,564,111. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":21638,"total":4780180,"years":["2015","2016","2017"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":5307,"total":1601419,"years":["2015","2016","2017"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4830,"total":1564111,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000305_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Deborah Ross executed 16 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-04-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2023-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2023-02-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2023-01-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; 2024 Recreational Fishing Season and Closure Date for Bl","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-03-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Jig Gear in the Western Regulatory Are","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-03-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000305_lnsfzs","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Deborah Ross campaign paid $15,212,170 to 86 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Deborah Ross's campaign paid 221 disbursements totaling $15,212,170 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","total":1774854.14,"count":23,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","amount":235168,"date":"2006-09-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","amount":150000,"date":"2004-10-28","description":"ELECTIONEERING DISBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","amount":125000,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"TV BUY FOR CHACHING","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS","total":1091034.95,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS","amount":115310.13,"date":"2004-10-06","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS","amount":106560,"date":"2004-10-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS","amount":106208.25,"date":"2004-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRAY ROBINSON","total":1003003.75,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","amount":974127.8,"date":"2018-12-03","description":"LEGAL PROCEEDINGS-ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","amount":28875.95,"date":"2019-02-26","description":"LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P35_R000305_d0l0gm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO both supported ($673,776) and opposed ($671,718) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Deborah Ross advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C90011172","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":673776,"oppose":671718,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011172/"]},{"id":"P35_R000305_d0mexq","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS INC. both supported ($110,000) and opposed ($310,000) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Deborah Ross advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C90013798","name":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS INC.","support":110000,"oppose":310000,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013798/"]},{"id":"P36_R000305","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Deborah Ross has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_R000305_MSFT_20230130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deborah Ross sell $MSFT 2 days before a corporate insider (PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001062993-23-001845"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000305_CLF_20210427","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CLF 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deborah Ross buy $CLF 3 days before a corporate insider (Yocum Arlene M  (CIK 0001342861)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLF","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLF","filer":"Yocum Arlene M  (CIK 0001342861)","filingDate":"2021-04-30","adsh":"0000764065-21-000160"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000305_MSFT_20220127","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deborah Ross sell $MSFT 5 days before a corporate insider (SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)","filingDate":"2022-02-01","adsh":"0001062993-22-002057"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000305_LRCX_20210427","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LRCX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deborah Ross buy $LRCX 6 days before a corporate insider (Bettinger Douglas R  (CIK 0001469469)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Bettinger Douglas R  (CIK 0001469469)","filingDate":"2021-05-03","adsh":"0000707549-21-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000305_DIS_20211228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DIS 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deborah Ross buy $DIS 7 days before a corporate insider (Chang Amy  (CIK 0001551504)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Chang Amy  (CIK 0001551504)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001744489-22-000023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000305_ALB_20211228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ALB 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deborah Ross buy $ALB 7 days before a corporate insider (Tozier Scott  (CIK 0001511133)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALB","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALB","filer":"Tozier Scott  (CIK 0001511133)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0000915913-22-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000305_MSFT_20230410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deborah Ross sell $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2023-04-18","adsh":"0001062993-23-009292"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P57_R000305","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$341K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 65% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Deborah Ross was the target of $341,148 in electioneering communications across 3 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($223,148 = 65% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":341148,"events":3,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":341148}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":223148,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001788","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION","total":118000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001788/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_R000305","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$76K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 40% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Deborah Ross received $76,373.16 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($30,242.73 = 40%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":76373.15999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":16831.4,"2012":1719.43,"2014":26533.3,"2016":31289.03,"2022":312.5},"corpCount":14},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":30242.729999999996,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":15202.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":8849.8,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":6732.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":5325.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_R000305","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (4 total findings) — ie support concentration (2), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Deborah Ross triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 4 total findings across them: ie support concentration (2), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":4,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":2},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_R000305","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $139,000","explanation":"Deborah Ross received campaign contributions totaling $139,000 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION ($9,000); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":139000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_R000305","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 24 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Deborah Ross appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 24 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (7); ie support concentration (2); both sides ie (2); trade near vote (1); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":24,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000305","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_R000305","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deborah Ross named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.5M total receipts) — top: ROSS VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Deborah Ross appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: ROSS VICTORY FUND (C00618355, $1.5M receipts, treasurer JACKSON, SUSAN). Active years: 1, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.47,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00618355","name":"ROSS VICTORY FUND","receipts":1470962.33,"treasurer":"JACKSON, SUSAN","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00618355/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00618355/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00618355/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_R000305","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deborah Ross draws 30% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.7M PAC / $15.5M total)","explanation":"Deborah Ross's FEC-bulk record shows 30% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.7M of $15.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.53,"pacSharePct":30.3,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0NC02125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NC02125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_R000305","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Deborah Ross's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.18M classified)","explanation":"Deborah Ross's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.18M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.04M · Finance $0.01M · Energy $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.18,"concentrationPct":40.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.04,"Finance":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Pharma":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NC02125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_R000305","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Deborah Ross operates 3 distinct leadership PACs ($0.4M combined receipts)","explanation":"Deborah Ross operates 3 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.4M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: TAXPAYERS INCENSED BY GOVERNMENT EXCESS AND REGULATION PAC (C00493239) · AMERICAN MACCARONI (C00749879) · CAROLINA VICTORY FUND (C00768408).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.38,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00493239","cmteName":"TAXPAYERS INCENSED BY GOVERNMENT EXCESS AND REGULATION PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00749879","cmteName":"AMERICAN MACCARONI"},{"cmteId":"C00768408","cmteName":"CAROLINA VICTORY FUND"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493239/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00749879/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768408/"]},{"id":"P197_R000305","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deborah Ross — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Deborah Ross has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["U","CRWD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000462":[{"id":"P1_F000462_uzo8h2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL COP 3d after S 3718 — \"A bill to prohibit the importation of petroleum an…\"","explanation":"Member traded COP (Energy) within 3 days of S 3718 \"A bill to prohibit the importation of petroleum and petroleum products from the \".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2023-09-08","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3718","title":"A bill to prohibit the importation of petroleum and petroleum products from the Russian Federation.","introducedDate":"2023-09-05","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203718"]},{"id":"P2_F000462_exn5w6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MORGAN STANLEY gave $44,378 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Lois Frankel serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $44,378 from MORGAN STANLEY, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MORGAN STANLEY","total":44378.07,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://frankel.house.gov/about/committeesandcaucuses.htm","https://frankel.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=243","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000462"]},{"id":"P2_F000462_8br81k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Lois Frankel serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://frankel.house.gov/about/committeesandcaucuses.htm","https://frankel.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=243","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000462"]},{"id":"P2_F000462_5pcdnf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Lois Frankel serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://frankel.house.gov/about/committeesandcaucuses.htm","https://frankel.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=243","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000462"]},{"id":"P3_F000462_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 66 BUYS vs 54 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":66,"sells":54,"netBuy":12,"total":120}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P7_F000462_ryogl","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $864,581 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $864,581 opposing this member across 579 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":864581.4,"totalSupport":227180.39999999988,"events":579,"topAttackers":[{"name":"YG ACTION FUND","oppose":660450},{"name":"PROTECT AMERICA PAC","oppose":106500},{"name":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","oppose":80175},{"name":"American Liberty Fund","oppose":15000},{"name":"Stop Socialism Now PAC","oppose":2456.4}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_F000462_xpciid","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$14,546 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $14,546 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":14545.920000000002,"oppose":0,"net":14545.920000000002,"events":4,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":9228.36,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":4673.63,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":643.93,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_F000462_t5094t","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,819,353 / spent $1,307,106","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00545137","cmteName":"LEADERSHIP OPPORTUNITY INNOVATION SERVICE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":102700,"totalDisbursements":103108.5,"cashOnHand":342.13},{"cmteId":"C00545137","cmteName":"LEADERSHIP OPPORTUNITY INNOVATION SERVICE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":54000,"totalDisbursements":49796.3,"cashOnHand":4545.88},{"cmteId":"C00545137","cmteName":"LEADERSHIP OPPORTUNITY INNOVATION SERVICE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":16500,"totalDisbursements":19626.7,"cashOnHand":1419.2},{"cmteId":"C00545137","cmteName":"LEADERSHIP OPPORTUNITY INNOVATION SERVICE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":52000,"totalDisbursements":41503.5,"cashOnHand":11915.66},{"cmteId":"C00899435","cmteName":"ELECT EVERY DEMOCRAT PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":1486652.9,"totalDisbursements":986524.2,"cashOnHand":500128.73}],"totalRaised":1819352.9,"totalSpent":1307105.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_F000462_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2853 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,653,241 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2853× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,653,241. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":2853,"total":1653241,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000462_aqjjq0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,400 donation spike on 2013-03-29 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-29 this committee recorded $85,400 across 51 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,829.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494856","date":"2013-03-29","amount":85400,"count":51,"baseline":7829,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494856/"]},{"id":"P15_F000462_4gxmz6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,065 donation spike on 2020-08-17 — 15.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-17 this committee recorded $76,065 across 36 contributions — 15.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,992.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494856","date":"2020-08-17","amount":76065,"count":36,"baseline":4992,"ratio":15.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494856/"]},{"id":"P15_F000462_uxrxsf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,150 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $57,150 across 25 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,691.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494856","date":"2015-03-31","amount":57150,"count":25,"baseline":7691,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494856/"]},{"id":"P17_F000462_CMCSA_2018-05-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-05-08 and 2018-05-15, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2018-05-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"}],"span":"2018-05-08 to 2018-05-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_PM_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-28, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_DHR_2019-02-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-02-28 and 2019-03-06, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-02-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-02-28 to 2019-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_DHR_2019-03-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-01 and 2019-03-06, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-03-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-03-01 to 2019-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_DHR_2019-03-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-06 and 2019-03-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-03-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2019-03-06 to 2019-03-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_CB_2020-01-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-07 and 2020-01-14, 4 members took the same direction on CB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","date":"2020-01-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CB","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-01-07 to 2020-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_CB_2020-01-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-08 and 2020-01-14, 3 members took the same direction on CB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","date":"2020-01-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-01-08 to 2020-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_MDT_2015-01-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought MDT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-21 and 2015-01-27, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on MDT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2015-01-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MDT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2015-01-21 to 2015-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_BSX_2020-03-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BSX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-26 and 2020-03-30, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BSX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BSX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-03-26 to 2020-03-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_BSX_2023-04-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BSX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-04-19 and 2023-04-26, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BSX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2023-04-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BSX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-04-19 to 2023-04-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_TMO_2018-11-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-28 and 2018-11-30, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2018-11-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-11-28 to 2018-11-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_TMO_2019-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-12-12 and 2019-12-18, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2019-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"L000557","name":"John Larson"}],"span":"2019-12-12 to 2019-12-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_CI_2019-08-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-12 and 2019-08-14, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","date":"2019-08-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"}],"span":"2019-08-12 to 2019-08-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_TT_2022-07-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-07-15 and 2022-07-22, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on TT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TT","date":"2022-07-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"}],"span":"2022-07-15 to 2022-07-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_LMT_2022-01-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-12 and 2022-01-19, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2022-01-12 to 2022-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_LMT_2022-01-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-14 and 2022-01-21, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2022-01-14 to 2022-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_LMT_2022-01-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-18 and 2022-01-21, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2022-01-18 to 2022-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_FRC_2023-03-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold FRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-15 and 2023-03-20, 4 members took the same direction on FRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FRC","date":"2023-03-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FRC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2023-03-15 to 2023-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000462_FRC_2023-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-16 and 2023-03-20, 3 members took the same direction on FRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FRC","date":"2023-03-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FRC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2023-03-16 to 2023-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000462_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"51 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lois Frankel executed 51 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANG","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LNT","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Electronic Provision of Records During an Audit","agency":"Interior Department, Natural Resources Revenue Office","date":"2023-08-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Electronic Provision of Records During an Audit","agency":"Interior Department, Natural Resources Revenue Office","date":"2023-08-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000462_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"105 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lois Frankel executed 105 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additional Guidance on Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit Program","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2023-08-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additional Guidance on Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit Program","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2023-08-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000462_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lois Frankel executed 22 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BWXT","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR): State Department Directorate of Defense Trade Controls Filing Requirement and Clarifica","agency":"Commerce Department, Census Bureau","date":"2023-08-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR): State Department Directorate of Defense Trade Controls Filing Requirement and Clarifica","agency":"Commerce Department, Census Bureau","date":"2023-08-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000462_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lois Frankel executed 33 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revocation of Uses of Partially Hydrogenated Oils in Foods","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-08-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revocation of Uses of Partially Hydrogenated Oils in Foods","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-08-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000462_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lois Frankel executed 5 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":9,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":9,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2023-06-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2022-11-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":12,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2023 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2023-08-30"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2023 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2023-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000462_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lois Frankel executed 22 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSNC","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SEDG","date":"2023-08-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Modification of the West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Inseason Action #17","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-08-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Modification of the West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Inseason Action #17","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-08-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000462_s8kfbv","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lois Frankel campaign paid $590,204 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","explanation":"Lois Frankel's campaign paid 105 disbursements totaling $590,204 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","total":166155.06,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-08-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-07-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2004-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","total":158643.75,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-01-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-04-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2003-06-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRANKEL, LOIS J.","total":100000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"FRANKEL, LOIS J.","amount":50000,"date":"2012-08-22","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"frankel","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"FRANKEL, LOIS J.","amount":30000,"date":"2012-11-19","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"frankel","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"FRANKEL, LOIS J.","amount":20000,"date":"2013-04-19","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"frankel","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","total":65116,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":4225,"date":"2003-11-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":3997.5,"date":"2003-04-07","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":3607.5,"date":"2003-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","total":53305.219999999994,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-12-03","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-11-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRANKEL, ADAM","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FRANKEL, ADAM","amount":20000,"date":"2024-12-23","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"frankel","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JANICA%20KYRIACOPOULOS"]},{"id":"P20_F000462_ti37wk","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 15 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Lois Frankel sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 15 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MCK","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":53069221.01000001,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BIO","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":58575.59,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2023-09-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_F000462","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Lois Frankel sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense and actively trades in Finance, Healthcare, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":217},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":83},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":47}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000462","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 40 total findings","explanation":"Lois Frankel has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":40,"highSeverityCount":12,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_F000462_Finance_2014","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance PACs gave $5K in 2016 — 4.3× baseline — after 8-trade concentration in 2014","explanation":"Lois Frankel executed 8 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2014 cycle. In the following cycle (2016), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $5,000 — 4.3× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,166/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2014","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":8},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2016,"sector":"Finance","amount":5000,"baseline":1166,"ratio":"4.3"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_F000462_Technology_2014","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology PACs gave $5K in 2016 — 3.0× baseline — after 6-trade concentration in 2014","explanation":"Lois Frankel executed 6 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2014 cycle. In the following cycle (2016), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $5,000 — 3.0× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,651/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2014","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":6},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2016,"sector":"Technology","amount":5000,"baseline":1651,"ratio":"3.0"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_F000462_Healthcare_2016","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $5K in 2018 — 67.0× baseline — after 10-trade concentration in 2016","explanation":"Lois Frankel executed 10 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2016 cycle. In the following cycle (2018), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $5,000 — 67.0× the member's all-cycle baseline of $75/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2016","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":10},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2018,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":5000,"baseline":75,"ratio":"67.0"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_F000462_Finance_2016","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Finance PACs gave $5K in 2018 — 2.3× baseline — after 15-trade concentration in 2016","explanation":"Lois Frankel executed 15 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2016 cycle. In the following cycle (2018), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $5,000 — 2.3× the member's all-cycle baseline of $2,166/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2016","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":15},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2018,"sector":"Finance","amount":5000,"baseline":2166,"ratio":"2.3"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_F000462_Healthcare_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $5K in 2020 — 4.7× baseline — after 18-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Lois Frankel executed 18 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $5,000 — 4.7× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,075/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":18},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":5000,"baseline":1075,"ratio":"4.7"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_F000462_DG_20230606","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $DG 1 day after a corporate insider (Santana Ralph  (CIK 0001580218)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"Santana Ralph  (CIK 0001580218)","filingDate":"2023-06-05","adsh":"0001062993-23-012883","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_MDT_20210505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $MDT 1 day after a corporate insider (Goldsmith Andrea Jo  (CIK 0001730514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Goldsmith Andrea Jo  (CIK 0001730514)","filingDate":"2021-05-04","adsh":"0001127602-21-015315","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_PGR_20210324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $PGR 1 day after a corporate insider (Callahan Patrick K  (CIK 0001638126)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Callahan Patrick K  (CIK 0001638126)","filingDate":"2021-03-23","adsh":"0001127602-21-011783","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_MHK_20200311","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MHK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $MHK 1 day after a corporate insider (De Cock Paul F  (CIK 0001759234)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MHK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MHK","filer":"De Cock Paul F  (CIK 0001759234)","filingDate":"2020-03-10","adsh":"0000851968-20-000031","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_ACN_20220907","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $ACN 1 day after a corporate insider (McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)","filingDate":"2022-09-06","adsh":"0001467373-22-000276","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_ACN_20211117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $ACN 1 day after a corporate insider (Tang Frank Kui  (CIK 0001607964)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Tang Frank Kui  (CIK 0001607964)","filingDate":"2021-11-16","adsh":"0001467373-21-000283","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_SHW_20220413","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SHW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $SHW 1 day after a corporate insider (POON CHRISTINE A  (CIK 0001189014)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHW","filer":"POON CHRISTINE A  (CIK 0001189014)","filingDate":"2022-04-12","adsh":"0001209191-22-024101","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_PLD_20230503","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $PLD 1 day after a corporate insider (Modjtabai Avid  (CIK 0001331834)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"Modjtabai Avid  (CIK 0001331834)","filingDate":"2023-05-02","adsh":"0001209191-23-026622","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_HON_20200219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HON 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $HON 1 day after a corporate insider (James Mark R.  (CIK 0001417954)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"James Mark R.  (CIK 0001417954)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0000950117-20-000076","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_BLK_20230202","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BLK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $BLK 1 day after a corporate insider (Cohen Stephen  (CIK 0001855412)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Cohen Stephen  (CIK 0001855412)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-002986","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_BLK_20221207","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BLK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $BLK 1 day after a corporate insider (Meade Christopher J.  (CIK 0001689023)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Meade Christopher J.  (CIK 0001689023)","filingDate":"2022-12-06","adsh":"0001127602-22-026990","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_PFE_20201014","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PFE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $PFE 1 day after a corporate insider (DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)","filingDate":"2020-10-13","adsh":"0001225208-20-012436","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_GD_20220504","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $GD 1 day after a corporate insider (Gallopoulos Gregory S  (CIK 0001477746)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"Gallopoulos Gregory S  (CIK 0001477746)","filingDate":"2022-05-03","adsh":"0001209191-22-026661","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_COP_20200304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $COP 1 day after a corporate insider (NIBLOCK ROBERT A  (CIK 0001219923)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COP","filer":"NIBLOCK ROBERT A  (CIK 0001219923)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-014882","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_SO_20200610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $SO 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SO","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-06-09","adsh":"0001771364-20-000008","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_OLLI_20210928","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $OLLI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $OLLI 1 day after a corporate insider (FLEISHMAN STANLEY  (CIK 0001203751)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OLLI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OLLI","filer":"FLEISHMAN STANLEY  (CIK 0001203751)","filingDate":"2021-09-27","adsh":"0001140361-21-032581","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_SON_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SON 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $SON 1 day after a corporate insider (FLORSHEIM THOMAS W  (CIK 0000900533)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SON","filer":"FLORSHEIM THOMAS W  (CIK 0000900533)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0001638599-21-000359","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_HPP_20230105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HPP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $HPP 1 day after a corporate insider (Shimoda Sanford Dale  (CIK 0001490865)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HPP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HPP","filer":"Shimoda Sanford Dale  (CIK 0001490865)","filingDate":"2023-01-04","adsh":"0001482512-23-000037","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_PGR_20210310","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $PGR 2 days after a corporate insider (Broz Steven  (CIK 0001665574)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Broz Steven  (CIK 0001665574)","filingDate":"2021-03-08","adsh":"0001127602-21-009671","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_KLAC_20230908","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KLAC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $KLAC 2 days after a corporate insider (Khan Ahmad A.  (CIK 0001642452)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KLAC","filer":"Khan Ahmad A.  (CIK 0001642452)","filingDate":"2023-09-06","adsh":"0000950170-23-046725","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_CI_20230405","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CI 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $CI 2 days after a corporate insider (SUBIN NEIL S  (CIK 0001201333)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CI","filer":"SUBIN NEIL S  (CIK 0001201333)","filingDate":"2023-04-03","adsh":"0001213900-23-026313","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_ETN_20201111","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ETN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $ETN 2 days after a corporate insider (CRITELLI MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001188584)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"CRITELLI MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001188584)","filingDate":"2020-11-09","adsh":"0001551182-20-000196","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_TRV_20210210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TRV 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $TRV 2 days after a corporate insider (Third Rock Ventures III, L.P.  (CIK 0001569705)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRV","filer":"Third Rock Ventures III, L.P.  (CIK 0001569705)","filingDate":"2021-02-08","adsh":"0000899243-21-005161","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_MKL_20230908","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MKL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $MKL 2 days after a corporate insider (MARKEL STEVEN A  (CIK 0001184575)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MKL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MKL","filer":"MARKEL STEVEN A  (CIK 0001184575)","filingDate":"2023-09-06","adsh":"0001096343-23-000191","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_CL_20210128","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $CL 2 days after a corporate insider (KRAMER JAMES S  (CIK 0001492812)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CL","filer":"KRAMER JAMES S  (CIK 0001492812)","filingDate":"2021-01-26","adsh":"0001209191-21-005366","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000462_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+36 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Lois Frankel accumulated 61 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 36 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":36,"totalRaw":61}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_DG_20230606","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $DG 1 day before a corporate insider (Chadwick Ana Maria  (CIK 0001842494)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"Chadwick Ana Maria  (CIK 0001842494)","filingDate":"2023-06-07","adsh":"0001062993-23-013091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_AXP_20201001","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AXP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $AXP 1 day before a corporate insider (WILLIAMS RONALD A  (CIK 0001185243)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"WILLIAMS RONALD A  (CIK 0001185243)","filingDate":"2020-10-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-026184"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_BR_20200427","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $BR 1 day before a corporate insider (B. Riley Financial, Inc.  (RILY, RILYG, RILYK, RILYL, RILYM, RILYN, RILYP, RILYT, RILYZ)  (CIK 0001464790)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BR","filer":"B. Riley Financial, Inc.  (RILY, RILYG, RILYK, RILYL, RILYM, RILYN, RILYP, RILYT, RILYZ)  (CIK 0001464790)","filingDate":"2020-04-28","adsh":"0001213900-20-010320"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_MS_20210217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $MS 1 day before a corporate insider (WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001209191-21-011861"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_MRK_20230802","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MRK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $MRK 1 day before a corporate insider (Romanelli Joseph  (CIK 0001938322)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Romanelli Joseph  (CIK 0001938322)","filingDate":"2023-08-03","adsh":"0001127602-23-021936"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_SWK_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SWK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $SWK 1 day before a corporate insider (STOCKTON DMITRI L  (CIK 0001614734)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SWK","filer":"STOCKTON DMITRI L  (CIK 0001614734)","filingDate":"2021-09-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-025503"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_ETN_20201111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ETN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $ETN 1 day before a corporate insider (FEARON RICHARD H  (CIK 0001188586)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"FEARON RICHARD H  (CIK 0001188586)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001551182-20-000198"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_IR_20200219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $IR 1 day before a corporate insider (Camuti Paul A  (CIK 0001526987)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IR","filer":"Camuti Paul A  (CIK 0001526987)","filingDate":"2020-02-20","adsh":"0001466258-20-000075"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_PCAR_20230907","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PCAR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $PCAR 1 day before a corporate insider (Pigott John  (CIK 0001318907)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PCAR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PCAR","filer":"Pigott John  (CIK 0001318907)","filingDate":"2023-09-08","adsh":"0001225208-23-008807"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_DD_20200528","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $DD 1 day before a corporate insider (du Pont Eleuthere I  (CIK 0001349330)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DD","filer":"du Pont Eleuthere I  (CIK 0001349330)","filingDate":"2020-05-29","adsh":"0001349330-20-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_PXD_20220330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PXD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $PXD 1 day before a corporate insider (KLEINMAN MARK H  (CIK 0001219151)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PXD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PXD","filer":"KLEINMAN MARK H  (CIK 0001219151)","filingDate":"2022-03-31","adsh":"0001038357-22-000057"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_HES_20220110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HES 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $HES 1 day before a corporate insider (WALTER LUC  (CIK 0001276468)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HES","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HES","filer":"WALTER LUC  (CIK 0001276468)","filingDate":"2022-01-11","adsh":"0001127602-22-001292"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_DG_20200527","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $DG 2 days before a corporate insider (RHODES WILLIAM C III  (CIK 0001080992)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"RHODES WILLIAM C III  (CIK 0001080992)","filingDate":"2020-05-29","adsh":"0000029534-20-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_PGR_20230322","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PGR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $PGR 2 days before a corporate insider (Broz Steven  (CIK 0001665574)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Broz Steven  (CIK 0001665574)","filingDate":"2023-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-23-011272"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_HAS_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HAS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $HAS 2 days before a corporate insider (HORIZON KINETICS ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC  (CIK 0001056823)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HAS","filer":"HORIZON KINETICS ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC  (CIK 0001056823)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0001207097-23-000044"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_MHK_20200311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MHK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $MHK 2 days before a corporate insider (BALCAEN FILIP  (CIK 0001667348)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MHK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MHK","filer":"BALCAEN FILIP  (CIK 0001667348)","filingDate":"2020-03-13","adsh":"0000851968-20-000035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_BSX_20230329","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BSX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $BSX 2 days before a corporate insider (Mirviss Jeffrey B.  (CIK 0001566094)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Mirviss Jeffrey B.  (CIK 0001566094)","filingDate":"2023-03-31","adsh":"0001225208-23-004332"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_PPG_20230419","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PPG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $PPG 2 days before a corporate insider (LIGOCKI KATHLEEN  (CIK 0001261013)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"LIGOCKI KATHLEEN  (CIK 0001261013)","filingDate":"2023-04-21","adsh":"0001209191-23-025082"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_ADSK_20230131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ADSK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $ADSK 2 days before a corporate insider (Blum Steven M  (CIK 0001515843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADSK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADSK","filer":"Blum Steven M  (CIK 0001515843)","filingDate":"2023-02-02","adsh":"0000769397-23-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_MCK_20220207","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MCK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $MCK 2 days before a corporate insider (Hinton James H.  (CIK 0001905630)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCK","filer":"Hinton James H.  (CIK 0001905630)","filingDate":"2022-02-09","adsh":"0001062993-22-003300"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_SHW_20230220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SHW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel buy $SHW 2 days before a corporate insider (CRONIN JANE M.  (CIK 0001688222)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHW","filer":"CRONIN JANE M.  (CIK 0001688222)","filingDate":"2023-02-22","adsh":"0001209191-23-011730"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_PM_20200506","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $PM 2 days before a corporate insider (Polet Robert  (CIK 0001528347)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PM","filer":"Polet Robert  (CIK 0001528347)","filingDate":"2020-05-08","adsh":"0001182489-20-000098"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_WAT_20210804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WAT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $WAT 2 days before a corporate insider (SALICE THOMAS P  (CIK 0001186873)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WAT","filer":"SALICE THOMAS P  (CIK 0001186873)","filingDate":"2021-08-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-023222"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_PFE_20201014","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PFE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $PFE 2 days before a corporate insider (BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)","filingDate":"2020-10-16","adsh":"0001225208-20-012517"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_DD_20221130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lois Frankel sell $DD 2 days before a corporate insider (Jacobson Matthew  (CIK 0001783518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DD","filer":"Jacobson Matthew  (CIK 0001783518)","filingDate":"2022-12-02","adsh":"0000899243-22-037474"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000462_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+78 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Lois Frankel accumulated 103 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 78 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":78,"totalRaw":103}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_F000462_2020-01-09_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 6 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lois Frankel delivered a 183-word floor speech on 2020-01-09 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I am holding in my hand a pill cutter. Pharmacists tell me that it is one of the most popular gadgets in the drug- store. Why? Because many prescription drugs are so unaffordable that,…\"). The member sell $DHR (a Healthcare-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":183,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I am holding in my hand a pill cutter. Pharmacists tell me that it is one of the most popular gadgets in the drug- store. Why? Because many prescription drugs are so unaffordable that, ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/09/166/5/CREC-2020-01-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/09/166/5/CREC-2020-01-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000462_2018-05-24_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 1 day before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Lois Frankel delivered a 160-word floor speech on 2018-05-24 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair- man, I want to thank the committee for including language that will au- thorize the Department of Defense to include the role of women in their re- search on the National Strategy on Counte…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-05-24","chamber":"House","wordCount":160,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Chair- man, I want to thank the committee for including language that will au- thorize the Department of Defense to include the role of women in their re- search on the National Strategy on Counte","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/05/24/CREC-2018-05-24-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/05/24/CREC-2018-05-24-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000462_2017-03-21_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MDT 1 day after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lois Frankel delivered a 177-word floor speech on 2017-03-21 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I rise to talk about the Republican’s sick plan to repeal the Affordable Care Act and replace it with TrumpCare, where the wealthy will get huge tax cuts and the rest of America will pa…\"). The member buy $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 1 day after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-03-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":177,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I rise to talk about the Republican’s sick plan to repeal the Affordable Care Act and replace it with TrumpCare, where the wealthy will get huge tax cuts and the rest of America will pa","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/03/21/163/49/CREC-2017-03-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-22"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/03/21/163/49/CREC-2017-03-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000462_2017-02-16_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $OXY 2 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Lois Frankel delivered a 181-word floor speech on 2017-02-16 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, Russia is an alarming force in the world, a nuclear power with an author- itarian President, menacing our Euro- pean allies with invasion into Ukraine and threats of incursion into othe…\"). The member sell $OXY (a Energy-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-02-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":181,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, Russia is an alarming force in the world, a nuclear power with an author- itarian President, menacing our Euro- pean allies with invasion into Ukraine and threats of incursion into othe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/02/16/163/28/CREC-2017-02-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/02/16/163/28/CREC-2017-02-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000462_2017-02-16_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BSX 15 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lois Frankel delivered a 188-word floor speech on 2017-02-16 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, for women to thrive in the economic and social opportunities of our Nation, we must have the ability to control our own reproductive lives with full access to healthcare choices. Now, h…\"). The member sell $BSX (a Healthcare-sector stock) 15 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-02-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":188,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, for women to thrive in the economic and social opportunities of our Nation, we must have the ability to control our own reproductive lives with full access to healthcare choices. Now, h","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/02/16/163/28/CREC-2017-02-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/02/16/163/28/CREC-2017-02-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000462_2017-01-24_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BSX 8 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lois Frankel delivered a 162-word floor speech on 2017-01-24 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Colorado. Madam Speaker, for women to thrive in the economic and social opportuni- ties of our Nation, we must have the ability to control our own reproduct…\"). The member sell $BSX (a Healthcare-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-01-24","chamber":"House","wordCount":162,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Colorado. Madam Speaker, for women to thrive in the economic and social opportuni- ties of our Nation, we must have the ability to control our own reproduct","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/01/24/CREC-2017-01-24-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/01/24/CREC-2017-01-24-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000462_2015-10-23_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DHR 2 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lois Frankel delivered a 162-word floor speech on 2015-10-23 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, here we go again. Today, we saw the Republicans’ lat- est attempt to punish Planned Parent- hood, one of the Nation’s premier healthcare organizations, only because it provides an array…\"). The member buy $DHR (a Healthcare-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-10-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":162,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, here we go again. Today, we saw the Republicans’ lat- est attempt to punish Planned Parent- hood, one of the Nation’s premier healthcare organizations, only because it provides an array","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/10/23/CREC-2015-10-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-11-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-11-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-10-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/10/23/CREC-2015-10-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_F000462_MS","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 trades in $MS — MORGAN STANLEY's PAC also donated $88,756.14","explanation":"Lois Frankel executed 8 reported trades in $MS (MORGAN STANLEY). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MORGAN STANLEY\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $88,756.14 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","parent":"MORGAN STANLEY","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-21"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MORGAN STANLEY","parent":"MORGAN STANLEY","total":88756.14,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MORGAN%20STANLEY"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MORGAN%20STANLEY","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_F000462_NOC","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 trades in $NOC — NORTHROP GRUMMAN's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Lois Frankel executed 16 reported trades in $NOC (NORTHROP GRUMMAN). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","parent":"NORTHROP GRUMMAN","tradeCount":16,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-03"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN PAC","parent":"NORTHROP GRUMMAN","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=EMPLOYEES%20OF%20NORTHROP%20GRUMMAN%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=EMPLOYEES%20OF%20NORTHROP%20GRUMMAN%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_F000462","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $153,378.07","explanation":"Lois Frankel received campaign contributions totaling $153,378.07 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 4 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MORGAN STANLEY ($44,378.07); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); SOUTHERN GLAZER'S WINE AND SPIRITS, LLC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":153378.07,"exactMatches":4,"top":[{"donorName":"MORGAN STANLEY","ldaClient":"MORGAN STANLEY","donorTotal":44378.07,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SOUTHERN GLAZER'S WINE & SPIRITS PAC","ldaClient":"SOUTHERN GLAZER'S WINE AND SPIRITS, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_F000462","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $85,400 on 2013-03-29 (10.9× normal)","explanation":"Lois Frankel's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $85,400 on 2013-03-29 — 10.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":161465,"maxRatio":15.2,"maxAmount":85400},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-03-29","amount":85400,"ratio":10.9,"baselineDaily":7829,"count":51,"cmteId":"C00494856","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00494856&min_date=2013-03-29&max_date=2013-03-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-08-17","amount":76065,"ratio":15.2,"baselineDaily":4992,"count":36,"cmteId":"C00494856","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00494856&min_date=2020-08-17&max_date=2020-08-17"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494856/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00494856&min_date=2013-03-29&max_date=2013-03-29"]},{"id":"P65_F000462_2023-09-01","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"97 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-09-01 — 93 unique tickers","explanation":"Lois Frankel executed 97 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-09-01 to 2023-09-08), spanning 93 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-09-01","windowEnd":"2023-09-08","tradeCount":97,"uniqueTickers":93,"totalDisclosedTrades":1521,"sampleTickers":["DG","MRK","JCI","ABBV","PCAR","MAR","EXPD","COLD","IT","WAT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_F000462","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 110 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lois Frankel appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 110 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (19); speech advocacy trade (7); reg rule trade proximity (6).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":110,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":19},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000462","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_F000462","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lois Frankel's campaign paid $39,461 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: FRANKEL, ADAM ($20,000)","explanation":"Lois Frankel's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $39,461 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FRANKEL, ADAM ($20,000 across 1 payments, services: COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":39461.130000000005,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FRANKEL, ADAM","total":20000,"count":1,"descriptions":["COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FRANKEL, SYDNEY","total":12000,"count":2,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FRANKEL, EMANUELA","total":7461.13,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"frankel"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2FL14053&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P141_F000462","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lois Frankel executed 17 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY MCK (1d apart)","explanation":"Lois Frankel has 17 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY MCK 2019-09-24 → 2019-09-25 (1d) · BUY→SELL MCK 2022-02-07 → 2022-03-02 (23d) · SELL→BUY MCK 2022-03-02 → 2022-03-08 (6d) · BUY→SELL PCAR 2023-09-07 → 2023-09-08 (1d) · BUY→SELL ABBV 2023-09-06 → 2023-09-08 (2d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":17,"samples":[{"ticker":"MCK","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-09-24","date2":"2019-09-25","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MCK","days":23,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-07","date2":"2022-03-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MCK","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-03-02","date2":"2022-03-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PCAR","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-07","date2":"2023-09-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ABBV","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-06","date2":"2023-09-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CASY","days":9,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-08-21","date2":"2019-08-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TT","days":2,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-07-20","date2":"2022-07-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"KVUE","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-08-10","date2":"2023-09-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_F000462","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lois Frankel's PAC funding concentrates 41% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"Lois Frankel's PAC donors concentrate 41% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Finance $0.04M · Agriculture $0.01M · Labor $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":40.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Finance":0.04,"Agriculture":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL14053/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_F000462","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lois Frankel triggers 51 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Lois Frankel accumulates 51 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":51,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_F000462","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lois Frankel operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.8M combined receipts)","explanation":"Lois Frankel operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.8M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: LEADERSHIP OPPORTUNITY INNOVATION SERVICE PAC (C00545137) · ELECT EVERY DEMOCRAT PAC (C00899435).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":1.82,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00545137","cmteName":"LEADERSHIP OPPORTUNITY INNOVATION SERVICE PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00899435","cmteName":"ELECT EVERY DEMOCRAT PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545137/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00899435/"]},{"id":"P178_F000462_2023-09-08","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lois Frankel — 91 trades on 2023-09-08","explanation":"Lois Frankel disclosed 91 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-09-08). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-09-08","count":91}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_F000462","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lois Frankel — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (1521/1521)","explanation":"Lois Frankel's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":1521,"atBracket":1521,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_F000462","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lois Frankel — 353 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Lois Frankel has traded 353 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":353,"sample":["MAR","EXPD","COLD","IT","WAT","ADSK","ARE","LOW","DUK","MMC"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_F000462_MRK","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lois Frankel — 23 disclosed trades in single ticker MRK","explanation":"Lois Frankel traded MRK on 23 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the MRK trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"MRK","count":23}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"G000061":[{"id":"P1_G000061_y1a7z3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TSLA 13d BEFORE S 3206 — \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastruct…\"","explanation":"Member traded TSLA (Technology) within 13 days of S 3206 \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-12-20","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3206","title":"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that impose new information reporting requ","introducedDate":"2023-01-02","daysDiff":-13}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203206"]},{"id":"P1_G000061_655vab","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TSLA 13d after SRES 309 — \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Intern…\" · sponsor D-OR","explanation":"Member traded TSLA (Technology) within 13 days of SRES 309 \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small bus\", sponsored by Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-01-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 309","title":"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small businesses.","introducedDate":"2022-01-12","daysDiff":13,"sponsorName":"Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]","sponsorBioguide":"W000779","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"OR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20309"]},{"id":"P14_G000061_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32716 employees of RETIRED gave $3,919,132 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 32716× RETIRED = $3,919,132. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":32716,"total":3919132,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000061_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Garcia executed 24 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2023-06-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2023-06-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-12-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-09-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Pacific Halibut Fisheries of the West Coast; 2023 Catch Sharing Plan and Recreational Management Measures; Correction","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-05-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Coastal Migratory Pelagic Resources in the Gulf of Mexic","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-05-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000061_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Garcia executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-12-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-13,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-07-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-1,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Filing Fee Waiver Requests","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-12-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policy Statement on Factors Considered in Assessing Civil Monetary Penalties on Small Entities","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-07-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000061_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Garcia executed 4 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-11-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-08-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-06-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-06-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Compliance With Court Orders by Personnel and Command Sponsored Family Members","agency":"Defense Department, Army Department","date":"2020-10-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2020-08; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2020-07-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_G000061_is2zbx","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Mike Garcia sits on committees overseeing Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TXT","date":"2022-07-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":9394901.36,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-11-13","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":95000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_G000061_1jeb8","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 trades in TSLA (Technology) — 39% of this member's 51 total trades","explanation":"Mike Garcia has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"TSLA","count":20,"buys":9,"sells":11,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2020-05-21","lastDate":"2023-06-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_G000061_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GARCIA, Mike voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1228,"date":"2024-12-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Never Again Education Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1222,"date":"2024-12-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1221,"date":"2024-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Federal Judiciary Stabilization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":8,"peerNay":10,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_G000061","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Mike Garcia sits on committees regulating Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare and actively trades in Technology, Transportation, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Healthcare"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":24},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":4},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000061","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Mike Garcia has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_G000061_TSLA_20230612","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2023-Q2 while TESLA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Mike Garcia executed a sell in TSLA during 2023-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA INC, TESLA INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-12","quarter":"2023-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q2","matchedClients":["TESLA INC","TESLA INC.","TESLA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000061_TSLA_20220929","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2022-Q3 while TESLA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Mike Garcia executed a buy in TSLA during 2022-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA INC, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-29","quarter":"2022-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA INC","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000061_TSLA_20201207","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2020-Q4 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Mike Garcia executed a sell in TSLA during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-07","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA INC","TESLA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20220223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2022-02-22","adsh":"0001771364-22-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20200521","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-05-20","adsh":"0001771364-20-000007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20201123","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 4 days after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-11-19","adsh":"0001771364-20-000022","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TXT_20220712","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TXT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TXT 4 days after a corporate insider (FRANKLIN RESOURCES INC  (BEN)  (CIK 0000038777)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXT","filer":"FRANKLIN RESOURCES INC  (BEN)  (CIK 0000038777)","filingDate":"2022-07-08","adsh":"0001225208-22-008723","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_UBER_20200603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UBER 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $UBER 5 days after a corporate insider (Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Hazelbaker Jill  (CIK 0001775297)","filingDate":"2020-05-29","adsh":"0001562180-20-004022","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20230612","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 5 days after a corporate insider (Zhu Xiaotong  (CIK 0001972928)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Zhu Xiaotong  (CIK 0001972928)","filingDate":"2023-06-07","adsh":"0001972928-23-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20220125","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 5 days after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2022-01-20","adsh":"0001771364-22-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20211025","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 5 days after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-10-20","adsh":"0001771364-21-000013","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20211004","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 5 days after a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2021-09-29","adsh":"0001790565-21-000014","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20201117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 5 days after a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001790565-20-000019","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000061_TSLA_20201026","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 5 days after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-10-21","adsh":"0001771364-20-000020","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20220929","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2022-09-30","adsh":"0001790565-22-000013"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20201207","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-12-08","adsh":"0001790565-20-000020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20201117","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSLA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 2 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-11-19","adsh":"0001771364-20-000022"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20201026","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSLA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 2 days before a corporate insider (Musk Kimbal  (CIK 0001494731)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Musk Kimbal  (CIK 0001494731)","filingDate":"2020-10-28","adsh":"0001494731-20-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_SBUX_20200616","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SBUX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $SBUX 2 days before a corporate insider (Walker Jill  (CIK 0001769616)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Walker Jill  (CIK 0001769616)","filingDate":"2020-06-18","adsh":"0001127602-20-020070"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_GME_20210621","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GME 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $GME 3 days before a corporate insider (Grube James  (CIK 0001840480)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GME","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GME","filer":"Grube James  (CIK 0001840480)","filingDate":"2021-06-24","adsh":"0001326380-21-000078"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20230612","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 4 days before a corporate insider (Zhu Xiaotong  (CIK 0001972928)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Zhu Xiaotong  (CIK 0001972928)","filingDate":"2023-06-16","adsh":"0001972928-23-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20211025","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 4 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2021-10-29","adsh":"0001790565-21-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_BA_20201113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $BA 4 days before a corporate insider (Aguirre Sergio A.  (CIK 0001738955)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Aguirre Sergio A.  (CIK 0001738955)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-058616"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20220223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 7 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001790565-22-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TXT_20220712","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TXT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TXT 8 days before a corporate insider (FRANKLIN RESOURCES INC  (BEN)  (CIK 0000038777)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXT","filer":"FRANKLIN RESOURCES INC  (BEN)  (CIK 0000038777)","filingDate":"2022-07-20","adsh":"0001225208-22-008862"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20221220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia sell $TSLA 9 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2022-12-29","adsh":"0001790565-22-000017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20210412","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 9 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-04-21","adsh":"0001771364-21-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000061_TSLA_20200904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Garcia buy $TSLA 10 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-09-14","adsh":"0001790565-20-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P78_G000061","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 39 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mike Garcia appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 39 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (14); insider followed trade (11); reg rule trade proximity (3); lobbying timeline trade (3); trade near vote (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":39,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":11},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000061","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_G000061","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Garcia executed 7 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL TSLA (3d apart)","explanation":"Mike Garcia has 7 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL TSLA 2020-11-13 → 2020-11-16 (3d) · SELL→BUY TSLA 2020-11-16 → 2020-11-17 (1d) · BUY→SELL TSLA 2020-11-17 → 2020-11-23 (6d) · BUY→SELL VXX 2020-11-16 → 2020-12-11 (25d) · BUY→SELL AAL 2020-10-26 → 2020-11-09 (14d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":7,"samples":[{"ticker":"TSLA","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-13","date2":"2020-11-16","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-11-16","date2":"2020-11-17","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-17","date2":"2020-11-23","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"VXX","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-16","date2":"2020-12-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAL","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-10-26","date2":"2020-11-09","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-24","date2":"2020-12-10","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"FAS","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-10-26","date2":"2020-11-05","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_G000061","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Garcia triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mike Garcia accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":13}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_G000061","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Garcia — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (51/51)","explanation":"Mike Garcia's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":51,"atBracket":51,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_G000061_TSLA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Garcia — 20 disclosed trades in single ticker TSLA","explanation":"Mike Garcia traded TSLA on 20 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the TSLA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"TSLA","count":20}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001180":[{"id":"P1_S001180_89ztnt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY BMY 4d after SRES 127 — \"A resolution recognizing the 250th anniversary of…\"","explanation":"Member traded BMY (Pharma) within 4 days of SRES 127 \"A resolution recognizing the 250th anniversary of the Perelman School of Medicin\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2022-11-08","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 127","title":"A resolution recognizing the 250th anniversary of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20127"]},{"id":"P1_S001180_9fa5xj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL FITB 3d after SRES 379 — \"A resolution to authorize the production of record…\"","explanation":"Member traded FITB (Finance) within 3 days of SRES 379 \"A resolution to authorize the production of records by the Permanent Subcommitte\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","date":"2022-11-08","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 379","title":"A resolution to authorize the production of records by the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on ","introducedDate":"2022-11-05","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20379"]},{"id":"P1_S001180_434qqy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY SLB 7d BEFORE SRES 573 — \"A resolution designating October 8, 2016, as \"Nati…\"","explanation":"Member traded SLB (Energy) within 7 days of SRES 573 \"A resolution designating October 8, 2016, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Da\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2022-10-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 573","title":"A resolution designating October 8, 2016, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day\".","introducedDate":"2022-11-02","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20573"]},{"id":"P1_S001180_misbsl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY UNP 14d BEFORE SRES 454 — \"A resolution recognizing the Transportation Commun…\"","explanation":"Member traded UNP (Transportation) within 14 days of SRES 454 \"A resolution recognizing the Transportation Community Awareness and Emergency Re\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2022-10-21","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 454","title":"A resolution recognizing the Transportation Community Awareness and Emergency Response program on its 30th anniversary.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":-14}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20454"]},{"id":"P1_S001180_8r4lsc","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY NOW 0d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded NOW (Technology) within 0 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2022-01-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":0,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P18_S001180_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kurt Schrader executed 13 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2022-11-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2022-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HPE","date":"2022-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-04-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2022 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-10-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"International Trademark Classification Changes","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2022-10-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001180_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kurt Schrader executed 14 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYF","date":"2022-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2022-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","date":"2022-11-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2022-04-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Debit Card Interchange Fees and Routing","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2022-10-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Debit Card Interchange Fees and Routing","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2022-10-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001180_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kurt Schrader executed 4 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2022-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2022-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2022-01-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-06-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Submission of Food and Drug Administration Import Data in the Automated Commercial Environment for Veterinary Devices","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-10-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Submission of Food and Drug Administration Import Data in the Automated Commercial Environment for Veterinary Devices","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-10-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001180_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kurt Schrader executed 7 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2022-10-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2022-10-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2022-03-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2022-02-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2022-09-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2022-09-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001180_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kurt Schrader executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2022-10-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-28,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Bylaws","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2022-11-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001180_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Agriculture trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kurt Schrader executed 1 Agriculture-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTR","date":"2022-03-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-14,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001180_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kurt Schrader executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2022-03-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2022-02-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2021-05-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2021-03-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff Privacy Program","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2022-02-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2022-04; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2022-01-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_S001180_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 30d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (4 buys vs 0 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":4,"avgGap":30,"buys":4,"sells":0},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":70,"avgGap":22}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_S001180_MSFT_20221123","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2022-Q4 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kurt Schrader executed a buy in MSFT during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-23","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001180_AAPL_20220421","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2022-Q2 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kurt Schrader executed a buy in AAPL during 2022-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., RAPPLER INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-21","quarter":"2022-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","RAPPLER INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001180_XOM_20220317","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2022-Q1 while EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kurt Schrader executed a buy in XOM during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-17","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001180_GD_20220307","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GD in 2022-Q1 while GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kurt Schrader executed a buy in GD during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION, GENERAL DYNAMICS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-07","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION","GENERAL DYNAMICS","GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001180_XOM_20220225","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2022-Q1 while EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kurt Schrader executed a buy in XOM during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-25","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001180_UNH_20210913","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2021-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kurt Schrader executed a buy in UNH during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-13","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001180_LMT_20210312","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT in 2021-Q1 while LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kurt Schrader executed a sell in LMT during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-12","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_UNH_20210608","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $UNH 1 day after a corporate insider (WITTY ANDREW  (CIK 0001711304)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"WITTY ANDREW  (CIK 0001711304)","filingDate":"2021-06-07","adsh":"0001209191-21-038594","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_CTLT_20210106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CTLT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $CTLT 1 day after a corporate insider (Gunther Scott  (CIK 0001705828)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTLT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTLT","filer":"Gunther Scott  (CIK 0001705828)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001596783-21-000017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_V_20210811","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $V 2 days after a corporate insider (Versant Vantage I, L.P.  (CIK 0001765253)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Versant Vantage I, L.P.  (CIK 0001765253)","filingDate":"2021-08-09","adsh":"0000899243-21-032172","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_NOW_20220106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $NOW 2 days after a corporate insider (Jacqueline Hourigan Rice  (CIK 0001637150)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"Jacqueline Hourigan Rice  (CIK 0001637150)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0000926282-22-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_VZ_20220225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $VZ 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $VZ 3 days after a corporate insider (Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)","filingDate":"2022-02-22","adsh":"0001062993-22-005033","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_ETN_20210913","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ETN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $ETN 3 days after a corporate insider (Ryerkerk Lori  (CIK 0001449522)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"Ryerkerk Lori  (CIK 0001449522)","filingDate":"2021-09-10","adsh":"0001104659-21-114709","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_MSCI_20221206","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSCI 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader sell $MSCI 4 days after a corporate insider (RIEFLER LINDA H  (CIK 0001366334)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSCI","filer":"RIEFLER LINDA H  (CIK 0001366334)","filingDate":"2022-12-02","adsh":"0001209191-22-059388","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_T_20210608","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $T 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $T 4 days after a corporate insider (Murray Robin P.  (CIK 0001717449)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Murray Robin P.  (CIK 0001717449)","filingDate":"2021-06-04","adsh":"0001638599-21-000502","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_NVDA_20211214","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $NVDA 4 days after a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2021-12-10","adsh":"0001045810-21-000185","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_BLK_20210210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BLK 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader sell $BLK 5 days after a corporate insider (Shedlin Gary  (CIK 0001572242)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Shedlin Gary  (CIK 0001572242)","filingDate":"2021-02-05","adsh":"0001127602-21-004255","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001180_TMO_20210811","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TMO 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $TMO 5 days after a corporate insider (CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)","filingDate":"2021-08-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-023270","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_NOC_20220215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NOC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $NOC 1 day before a corporate insider (Jones Thomas H  (CIK 0001834674)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOC","filer":"Jones Thomas H  (CIK 0001834674)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0001628280-22-002859"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_LMT_20210315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $LMT 1 day before a corporate insider (St John Frank A  (CIK 0001728300)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMT","filer":"St John Frank A  (CIK 0001728300)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0001225208-21-005381"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_CTLT_20210106","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CTLT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $CTLT 1 day before a corporate insider (Gunther Scott  (CIK 0001705828)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTLT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTLT","filer":"Gunther Scott  (CIK 0001705828)","filingDate":"2021-01-07","adsh":"0001596783-21-000024"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_SPGI_20220228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SPGI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $SPGI 2 days before a corporate insider (MCWHINNEY DEBORAH D  (CIK 0001116722)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPGI","filer":"MCWHINNEY DEBORAH D  (CIK 0001116722)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0000899243-22-008797"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_JNJ_20210608","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $JNJ 2 days before a corporate insider (WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)","filingDate":"2021-06-10","adsh":"0001225208-21-009208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_GD_20220307","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $GD 2 days before a corporate insider (HANEY CECIL D  (CIK 0001769664)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"HANEY CECIL D  (CIK 0001769664)","filingDate":"2022-03-09","adsh":"0001209191-22-017568"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_C_20210621","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $C 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $C 3 days before a corporate insider (TA ASSOCIATES, L.P.  (CIK 0001034569)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"TA ASSOCIATES, L.P.  (CIK 0001034569)","filingDate":"2021-06-24","adsh":"0001209191-21-043090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_XOM_20220225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $XOM 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $XOM 4 days before a corporate insider (Littleton Stephen A  (CIK 0001807216)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Littleton Stephen A  (CIK 0001807216)","filingDate":"2022-03-01","adsh":"0001127602-22-007434"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_NVDA_20211214","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $NVDA 6 days before a corporate insider (JONES HARVEY C  (CIK 0001197650)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"JONES HARVEY C  (CIK 0001197650)","filingDate":"2021-12-20","adsh":"0001045810-21-000189"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_SYF_20221108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SYF 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $SYF 7 days before a corporate insider (Alves Paget Leonard  (CIK 0001315419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYF","filer":"Alves Paget Leonard  (CIK 0001315419)","filingDate":"2022-11-15","adsh":"0001601712-22-000268"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_AVGO_20221108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $AVGO 7 days before a corporate insider (TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)","filingDate":"2022-11-15","adsh":"0001730168-22-000107"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_NOC_20210514","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOC 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $NOC 7 days before a corporate insider (Jones Thomas H  (CIK 0001834674)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOC","filer":"Jones Thomas H  (CIK 0001834674)","filingDate":"2021-05-21","adsh":"0001628280-21-010943"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_UNH_20210913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $UNH 8 days before a corporate insider (BURKE RICHARD T  (CIK 0000905023)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"BURKE RICHARD T  (CIK 0000905023)","filingDate":"2021-09-21","adsh":"0001209191-21-057045"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_PEP_20221108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PEP 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $PEP 9 days before a corporate insider (Noell Robert Davis  (CIK 0001472786)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"Noell Robert Davis  (CIK 0001472786)","filingDate":"2022-11-17","adsh":"0001209191-22-057535"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_IQV_20201219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IQV 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $IQV 9 days before a corporate insider (DANHAKL JOHN G  (CIK 0001162644)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IQV","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IQV","filer":"DANHAKL JOHN G  (CIK 0001162644)","filingDate":"2020-12-28","adsh":"0001478242-20-000082"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001180_UNH_20210621","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kurt Schrader buy $UNH 10 days before a corporate insider (HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)","filingDate":"2021-07-01","adsh":"0001209191-21-044562"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P136_S001180","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kurt Schrader ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.7M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Kurt Schrader's FEC-bulk record shows $19.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $31.0M (PAC: $19.7M, individual: $10.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.96,"lifetimeIndividualM":10.25,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8OR05107"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OR05107/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001180","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kurt Schrader draws 64% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.7M PAC / $31.0M total)","explanation":"Kurt Schrader's FEC-bulk record shows 64% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.7M of $31.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.96,"pacSharePct":63.6,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H8OR05107"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OR05107/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_S001180","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kurt Schrader disclosed 40 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 20 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL MSCI $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Kurt Schrader has filed 40 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 20 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL MSCI $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-12-06 · BUY PEP $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2022-11-08 · BUY IMCB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-11-08 · BUY BBN $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-11-08.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":40,"veryHighCount":20,"lowerBoundSum":9500040,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"MSCI","action":"SELL","date":"2022-12-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PEP","action":"BUY","date":"2022-11-08","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"IMCB","action":"BUY","date":"2022-11-08","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BBN","action":"BUY","date":"2022-11-08","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","action":"BUY","date":"2022-11-08","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ISHC","action":"BUY","date":"2022-11-08","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S001180","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kurt Schrader executed 8 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY CCI (0d apart)","explanation":"Kurt Schrader has 8 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY CCI 2022-11-08 → 2022-11-08 (0d) · SELL→BUY XOM 2021-06-09 → 2021-06-10 (1d) · BUY→SELL BX 2021-10-29 → 2021-11-08 (10d) · SELL→BUY AXAC 2021-09-07 → 2021-09-14 (7d) · BUY→SELL AXAC 2021-09-14 → 2021-09-22 (8d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":8,"samples":[{"ticker":"CCI","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-11-08","date2":"2022-11-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-06-09","date2":"2021-06-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BX","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-10-29","date2":"2021-11-08","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AXAC","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-09-07","date2":"2021-09-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AXAC","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-09-14","date2":"2021-09-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-09-14","date2":"2021-09-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SE","days":21,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-04-23","date2":"2021-05-14","amount1":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LMT","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-03-12","date2":"2021-03-15","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001180","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kurt Schrader triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 10 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Kurt Schrader accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 10 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":10}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001180_2022-11-08","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kurt Schrader — 19 trades on 2022-11-08","explanation":"Kurt Schrader disclosed 19 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2022-11-08). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2022-11-08","count":19}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001180","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kurt Schrader — 76 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Kurt Schrader has traded 76 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":76,"sample":["VRNG","ELN","MSCI","MSFT","SYF","BNS","PEP","IMCB","BBN","AXP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S001180_ToamendtheGrandRonde","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kurt Schrader sponsored \"To amend the Grand Ronde Reservation Act to make technical c\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Kurt Schrader has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend the Grand Ronde Reservation Act to make technical corrections, and for other purposes."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_S001180","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kurt Schrader — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Kurt Schrader has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001180","https://www.congress.gov/member/kurt-schrader/S001180"]}],"G000563":[{"id":"P1_G000563_akracj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MDT 4d after SRES 805 — \"A resolution supporting the designation of the wee…\"","explanation":"Member traded MDT (Healthcare) within 4 days of SRES 805 \"A resolution supporting the designation of the week of September 18 through Sept\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2022-12-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 805","title":"A resolution supporting the designation of the week of September 18 through September 24, 2022, as \"Telehealth Awareness","introducedDate":"2022-12-17","daysDiff":4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20805"]},{"id":"P1_G000563_xc9yf2","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL INTC 12d BEFORE S 3206 — \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastruct…\"","explanation":"Member traded INTC (Technology) within 12 days of S 3206 \"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act th\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2022-12-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3206","title":"A bill to repeal the provisions of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that impose new information reporting requ","introducedDate":"2023-01-02","daysDiff":-12}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203206"]},{"id":"P1_G000563_yihao0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BA 2d after SRES 349 — \"A resolution commemorating and honoring the servic…\" · sponsor D-RI","explanation":"Member traded BA (Defense) within 2 days of SRES 349 \"A resolution commemorating and honoring the service and sacrifice of members of \", sponsored by Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-12-22","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 349","title":"A resolution commemorating and honoring the service and sacrifice of members of the United States Armed Forces and their","introducedDate":"2021-12-20","daysDiff":2,"sponsorName":"Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]","sponsorBioguide":"W000802","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"RI","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20349"]},{"id":"P3_G000563_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":3,"sells":0,"netBuy":3,"total":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000563_x33tx7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,250 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $70,250 across 59 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,674.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466516","date":"2011-06-30","amount":70250,"count":59,"baseline":9674,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466516/"]},{"id":"P15_G000563_ieq6pg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,500 donation spike on 2012-05-24 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-24 this committee recorded $56,500 across 24 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,184.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466516","date":"2012-05-24","amount":56500,"count":24,"baseline":5184,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466516/"]},{"id":"P17_G000563_ABBV_2020-11-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABBV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-11-16 and 2020-11-20, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ABBV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2020-11-16","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABBV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"G000563","name":"Bob Gibbs"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2020-11-16 to 2020-11-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000563_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bob Gibbs executed 13 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2022-12-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-09-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-05-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2022-02-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Surfclam and Ocean Quahog Fisheries; 2023 Fishing Quotas for Atlantic Surfclams and Ocean Quahogs; and Suspensi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-11-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"International Fisheries; Pacific Tuna Fisheries; 2022-2024 Commercial Fishing Restrictions for Pacific Bluefin Tuna in t","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-08-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000563_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bob Gibbs executed 6 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2022-08-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2021-11-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2021-11-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2020-11-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) Proficiency Testing Regulations Related to Analytes and Accept","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2022-07-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Omnibus COVID-19 Health Care Staff Vaccination","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000563_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bob Gibbs executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-12-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2019-12-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation: Revision of Definition of “Commercial Item”; Correction","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2021-11-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Conditions: Airbus Defense and Space Model No. C-295 Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-01-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000563_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bob Gibbs executed 6 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2021-11-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2021-05-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","date":"2020-01-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-01-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extending the Duration of the AP1000 Design Certification","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2021-10-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Flupyradifurone; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2021-04-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_G000563_9x2p72","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sits on committees overseeing Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-12-22","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BRKR","date":"2020-11-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":401513.95999999996,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2018-04-17","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":293987.42,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_G000563_1nq3","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"23 trades in NLY (Other) — 13% of this member's 172 total trades","explanation":"Bob Gibbs has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NLY","count":23,"buys":16,"sells":7,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2016-01-21","lastDate":"2020-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_G000563","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sits on committees regulating Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Technology, Telecom, Agriculture, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":30},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":8},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Agriculture","count":4},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000563","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Bob Gibbs has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_G000563_BA_20190429","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BA in 2019-Q2 while BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bob Gibbs executed a sell in BA during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BOEING COMPANY, THE BOEING COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-29","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["BOEING COMPANY","THE BOEING COMPANY","THE BOEING COMPANY (F.N.A. AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_G000563_BA_20211222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $BA 2 days after a corporate insider (CALHOUN DAVID L  (CIK 0001233152)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"CALHOUN DAVID L  (CIK 0001233152)","filingDate":"2021-12-20","adsh":"0001225208-21-015153","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000563_ABBV_20201117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABBV 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs buy $ABBV 5 days after a corporate insider (SALEKI-GERHARDT AZITA  (CIK 0001563545)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"SALEKI-GERHARDT AZITA  (CIK 0001563545)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001179110-20-011059","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000563_XOM_20211109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $XOM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs buy $XOM 5 days after a corporate insider (Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)","filingDate":"2021-11-04","adsh":"0001127602-21-028410","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000563_SJM_20200108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SJM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $SJM 5 days after a corporate insider (OATEY GARY A  (CIK 0001251547)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SJM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SJM","filer":"OATEY GARY A  (CIK 0001251547)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-000847","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_WBD_20220804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WBD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $WBD 1 day before a corporate insider (Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)","filingDate":"2022-08-05","adsh":"0001437107-22-000213"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_IR_20210511","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $IR 1 day before a corporate insider (Reisdorf Kelly L  (CIK 0001794008)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IR","filer":"Reisdorf Kelly L  (CIK 0001794008)","filingDate":"2021-05-12","adsh":"0001616318-21-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_XOM_20200102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $XOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $XOM 1 day before a corporate insider (WELDON WILLIAM C  (CIK 0001189019)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"WELDON WILLIAM C  (CIK 0001189019)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-000818"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_DD_20220804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $DD 1 day before a corporate insider (CURTIN TERRENCE R  (CIK 0001401842)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DD","filer":"CURTIN TERRENCE R  (CIK 0001401842)","filingDate":"2022-08-05","adsh":"0001666700-22-000052"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_MRVL_20211115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MRVL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $MRVL 2 days before a corporate insider (Jarnac Dean E Jr.  (CIK 0001787184)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"Jarnac Dean E Jr.  (CIK 0001787184)","filingDate":"2021-11-17","adsh":"0001209191-21-064999"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_AAPL_20220511","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs buy $AAPL 2 days before a corporate insider (BELL JAMES A  (CIK 0001182047)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"BELL JAMES A  (CIK 0001182047)","filingDate":"2022-05-13","adsh":"0000320193-22-000063"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_ETP_20200519","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ETP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs buy $ETP 2 days before a corporate insider (He Wei-Wu  (CIK 0001542073)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETP","filer":"He Wei-Wu  (CIK 0001542073)","filingDate":"2020-05-21","adsh":"0001104659-20-064841"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_NEO_20211109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEO 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $NEO 3 days before a corporate insider (Daly David  (CIK 0001320267)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEO","filer":"Daly David  (CIK 0001320267)","filingDate":"2021-11-12","adsh":"0001077183-21-000247"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_F_20220623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $F 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs buy $F 4 days before a corporate insider (Gores Alec E  (CIK 0001322454)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Gores Alec E  (CIK 0001322454)","filingDate":"2022-06-27","adsh":"0000899243-22-024193"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_LLY_20220804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs sell $LLY 8 days before a corporate insider (Weems Alonzo  (CIK 0001869672)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Weems Alonzo  (CIK 0001869672)","filingDate":"2022-08-12","adsh":"0000059478-22-000198"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000563_T_20191223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bob Gibbs buy $T 10 days before a corporate insider (RANKIN VICTOIRE G  (CIK 0001247947)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"RANKIN VICTOIRE G  (CIK 0001247947)","filingDate":"2020-01-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-000254"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_G000563_2019-07-11_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 30 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Bob Gibbs delivered a 610-word floor speech on 2019-07-11 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, since the beginning of this year, so much of our time in this Chamber has been used to move one messaging bill after another. Many of these bills are thinly-veiled attacks on the Preside…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 30 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-07-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":610,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, since the beginning of this year, so much of our time in this Chamber has been used to move one messaging bill after another. Many of these bills are thinly-veiled attacks on the Preside","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/11/165/116/CREC-2019-07-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/11/165/116/CREC-2019-07-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000563_2019-04-30_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BA 1 day before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Bob Gibbs delivered a 153-word floor speech on 2019-04-30 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. I rise today to support H.R. 1449, sponsored by Representative KELLY . H.R. 1449 names a post office in Olym- pia Fields, Illinois, in honor o…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-04-30","chamber":"House","wordCount":153,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. I rise today to support H.R. 1449, sponsored by Representative KELLY . H.R. 1449 names a post office in Olym- pia Fields, Illinois, in honor o","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/30/CREC-2019-04-30-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/30/CREC-2019-04-30-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000563_2018-09-13_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 21 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Bob Gibbs delivered a 387-word floor speech on 2018-09-13 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to offer legislation to honor a good man, a faithful public servant, a veteran, and a friend to the people of the great state of Ohio by renaming the Post Office in Ashland,…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 21 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-09-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":387,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to offer legislation to honor a good man, a faithful public servant, a veteran, and a friend to the people of the great state of Ohio by renaming the Post Office in Ashland, ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/13/CREC-2018-09-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/13/CREC-2018-09-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000563_2018-04-26_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CAT 9 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Bob Gibbs delivered a 186-word floor speech on 2018-04-26 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, this bill does a number of important things for our aviation industry, for safety, and for the traveling public, including pro- viding stable funding and a clear regu- latory framework.…\"). The member buy $CAT (a Industrials-sector stock) 9 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-04-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":186,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, this bill does a number of important things for our aviation industry, for safety, and for the traveling public, including pro- viding stable funding and a clear regu- latory framework. ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/04/26/CREC-2018-04-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/04/26/CREC-2018-04-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000563_2016-05-24_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KO 14 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Bob Gibbs delivered a 3892-word floor speech on 2016-05-24 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I submit the following letters of support that we received for the bill last week: A letter from nearly 100 organizations sup- porting H.R. 897, including: the National Asso- ciation of…\"). The member buy $KO (a Staples-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-05-24","chamber":"House","wordCount":3892,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I submit the following letters of support that we received for the bill last week: A letter from nearly 100 organizations sup- porting H.R. 897, including: the National Asso- ciation of","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/24/162/82/CREC-2016-05-24-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/24/162/82/CREC-2016-05-24-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_G000563_2016-05-17_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KO 21 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Bob Gibbs delivered a 2814-word floor speech on 2016-05-17 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD the following letters of support: A letter from nearly 100 organiza- tions supporting H.R. 897, including the National Association of State Depart- ments of Agricu…\"). The member buy $KO (a Staples-sector stock) 21 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-05-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":2814,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD the following letters of support: A letter from nearly 100 organiza- tions supporting H.R. 897, including the National Association of State Depart- ments of Agricu","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/17/162/78/CREC-2016-05-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/17/162/78/CREC-2016-05-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P78_G000563","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 37 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bob Gibbs appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 37 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (11); speech advocacy trade (6); reg rule trade proximity (4); insider followed trade (4); trade near vote (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":37,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":11},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000563","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_G000563","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Gibbs draws 56% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.0M PAC / $14.3M total)","explanation":"Bob Gibbs's FEC-bulk record shows 56% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.0M of $14.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.32,"pacSharePct":56,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0OH18077"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0OH18077/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_G000563","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Gibbs executed 8 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL STM (8d apart)","explanation":"Bob Gibbs has 8 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL STM 2021-11-16 → 2021-11-24 (8d) · BUY→SELL QS 2021-11-15 → 2021-11-24 (9d) · BUY→SELL NLY 2016-06-23 → 2016-06-30 (7d) · SELL→BUY NLY 2017-08-22 → 2017-09-20 (29d) · BUY→SELL NLY 2017-09-20 → 2017-10-05 (15d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":8,"samples":[{"ticker":"STM","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-16","date2":"2021-11-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"QS","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-15","date2":"2021-11-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NLY","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-06-23","date2":"2016-06-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NLY","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-08-22","date2":"2017-09-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NLY","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-09-20","date2":"2017-10-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NLY","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-03-09","date2":"2018-03-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NLY","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-06-13","date2":"2018-07-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NLY","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-08-27","date2":"2018-09-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_G000563","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Gibbs triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bob Gibbs accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_G000563","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Gibbs — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (170/172)","explanation":"Bob Gibbs's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":172,"atBracket":170,"pct":"98.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000563","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Gibbs — 79 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Bob Gibbs has traded 79 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":79,"sample":["COHR","MDT","INTC","F","AAPL","LLY","DD","WBD","GOOGL","TGT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_G000563_NLY","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Gibbs — 23 disclosed trades in single ticker NLY","explanation":"Bob Gibbs traded NLY on 23 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NLY trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NLY","count":23}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_G000563","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Gibbs — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Bob Gibbs has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000563","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-gibbs/G000563"]}],"L000559":[{"id":"P1_L000559_czzrbd","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL META 10d after SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded META (Technology) within 10 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2022-11-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":10}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_7zvypv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ABNB 3d after SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded ABNB (Technology) within 3 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","date":"2022-11-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_anc1oa","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ABNB 0d BEFORE SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded ABNB (Technology) within 0 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","date":"2022-11-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_1ixzcn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL DASH 0d BEFORE SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded DASH (Technology) within 0 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","date":"2022-11-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_tli0w0","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY SQ 3d BEFORE SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded SQ (Technology) within 3 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","date":"2022-11-01","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":-3}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_ydsmxm","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL SQ 7d BEFORE SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded SQ (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","date":"2022-10-28","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_gmql5w","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ABNB 8d BEFORE SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded ABNB (Technology) within 8 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","date":"2022-10-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":-8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_knpfme","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL ABNB 14d BEFORE SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded ABNB (Technology) within 14 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","date":"2022-10-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":-14}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_dkzvyy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY PYPL 1d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded PYPL (Technology) within 1 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2022-01-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P1_L000559_i6q2a4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL Z 4d BEFORE SRES 292 — \"A resolution condemning the brutal and senseless a…\"","explanation":"Member traded Z (Finance) within 4 days of SRES 292 \"A resolution condemning the brutal and senseless attack at a country music festi\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"Z","date":"2021-12-31","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 292","title":"A resolution condemning the brutal and senseless attack at a country music festival in Las Vegas, Nevada, honoring the m","introducedDate":"2022-01-04","daysDiff":-4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20292"]},{"id":"P3_L000559_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 8 BUYS vs 7 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":8,"sells":7,"netBuy":1,"total":15}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000559_GNRC_2021-09-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GNRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-09-30 and 2021-10-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GNRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","date":"2021-09-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GNRC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"L000559","name":"James R. Langevin"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2021-09-30 to 2021-10-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000559_GNRC_2022-05-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GNRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-05-05 and 2022-05-11, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GNRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","date":"2022-05-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GNRC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000559","name":"James R. Langevin"}],"span":"2022-05-05 to 2022-05-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000559_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"91 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member James R. Langevin executed 91 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2022-11-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","date":"2022-11-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","date":"2022-11-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","date":"2022-11-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of A","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-10-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"International Trademark Classification Changes","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2022-10-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000559_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member James R. Langevin executed 15 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"Z","date":"2022-02-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"Z","date":"2022-01-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"Z","date":"2021-12-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"Z","date":"2021-12-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Applicable Schedule Amount","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-01-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2021-12-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000559_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member James R. Langevin executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-03-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-03-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Exclusion of Demurrage Regulation From Certain Class Exemptions","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-03-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Exclusion of Demurrage Regulation From Certain Class Exemptions","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_L000559_3v2ihw","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56 trades in GNRC (Industrial) — 14% of this member's 404 total trades","explanation":"James R. Langevin has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"GNRC","count":56,"buys":31,"sells":25,"sector":"Industrial","firstDate":"2020-10-26","lastDate":"2022-12-20"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"BABA","count":46,"buys":20,"sells":26,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-08-11","lastDate":"2022-02-11"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"HUYA","count":44,"buys":25,"sells":19,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2018-06-19","lastDate":"2020-07-20"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"FB","count":42,"buys":10,"sells":32,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2014-12-08","lastDate":"2022-06-08"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"SQ","count":28,"buys":11,"sells":17,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2021-02-22","lastDate":"2022-11-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_L000559","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"12% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 1.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 404 disclosed trades, 49 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 1.9× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":49,"total":404,"rate":12.1},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":1.88}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000559","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"James R. Langevin has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_L000559_META_20221114","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of META in 2022-Q4 while AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a sell in META during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY, META PLATFORMS, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-14","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC AND BARIATRIC SURGERY","META PLATFORMS, INC.","PRECISION CASTPARTS CORP FORMERLY KNOWN AS TITANIUM METALS CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_AAPL_20210702","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q3 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-02","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_AAPL_20210115","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2021-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a buy in AAPL during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_TSLA_20190715","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2019-Q3 while TESLA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a sell in TSLA during 2019-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, INC., TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-15","quarter":"2019-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_TSLA_20190322","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2019-Q1 while TESLA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a buy in TSLA during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, INC., TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-22","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_TSLA_20190315","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2019-Q1 while TESLA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a buy in TSLA during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, INC., TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-15","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_TSLA_20181024","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2018-Q4 while TESLA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a sell in TSLA during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, INC., TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-24","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_NFLX_20181016","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2018-Q4 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a sell in NFLX during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-16","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_TSLA_20180928","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2018-Q3 while TESLA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a buy in TSLA during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA INC, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-09-28","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA INC","TESLA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000559_NFLX_20180719","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2018-Q3 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James R. Langevin executed a buy in NFLX during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-19","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_ABNB_20220920","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABNB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $ABNB 1 day after a corporate insider (BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)","filingDate":"2022-09-19","adsh":"0000899243-22-031463","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_ABNB_20220907","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABNB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $ABNB 1 day after a corporate insider (BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)","filingDate":"2022-09-06","adsh":"0000899243-22-030425","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_SQ_20220908","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SQ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $SQ 1 day after a corporate insider (Whiteley Sivan  (CIK 0001735067)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Whiteley Sivan  (CIK 0001735067)","filingDate":"2022-09-07","adsh":"0001209191-22-049040","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_FB_20220406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $FB 1 day after a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2022-04-05","adsh":"0001649749-22-000074","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_GNRC_20220511","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GNRC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $GNRC 1 day after a corporate insider (Roedel Kathryn V  (CIK 0001321557)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Roedel Kathryn V  (CIK 0001321557)","filingDate":"2022-05-10","adsh":"0001437749-22-011739","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_ABNB_20220526","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ABNB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $ABNB 3 days after a corporate insider (BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)","filingDate":"2022-05-23","adsh":"0000899243-22-019264","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_SQ_20221028","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SQ 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $SQ 3 days after a corporate insider (NOBLE WILLIAM B  (CIK 0001253564)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"NOBLE WILLIAM B  (CIK 0001253564)","filingDate":"2022-10-25","adsh":"0001567619-22-018781","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_FB_20210226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $FB 3 days after a corporate insider (Edmondson Travis K  (CIK 0001811032)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Edmondson Travis K  (CIK 0001811032)","filingDate":"2021-02-23","adsh":"0001649749-21-000025","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_GNRC_20221205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GNRC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $GNRC 3 days after a corporate insider (Jagdfeld Aaron  (CIK 0001483001)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Jagdfeld Aaron  (CIK 0001483001)","filingDate":"2022-12-02","adsh":"0001437749-22-028328","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_GNRC_20220225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GNRC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $GNRC 3 days after a corporate insider (Morgan Bennett J  (CIK 0001307660)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Morgan Bennett J  (CIK 0001307660)","filingDate":"2022-02-22","adsh":"0001437749-22-004066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_ABNB_20220729","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ABNB 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $ABNB 4 days after a corporate insider (Johnson Belinda J.  (CIK 0001694150)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"Johnson Belinda J.  (CIK 0001694150)","filingDate":"2022-07-25","adsh":"0000899243-22-026649","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_SQ_20210222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SQ 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $SQ 4 days after a corporate insider (Most Lisa M.  (CIK 0001727982)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Most Lisa M.  (CIK 0001727982)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001637110-21-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_FB_20210315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FB 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $FB 5 days after a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2021-03-10","adsh":"0001649749-21-000053","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_META_20221101","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $META 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $META 5 days after a corporate insider (Lambert Anne Barber  (CIK 0001886866)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Lambert Anne Barber  (CIK 0001886866)","filingDate":"2022-10-27","adsh":"0000899243-22-034334","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000559_GNRC_20210510","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GNRC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $GNRC 5 days after a corporate insider (Morgan Bennett J  (CIK 0001307660)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Morgan Bennett J  (CIK 0001307660)","filingDate":"2021-05-05","adsh":"0001437749-21-010950","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_ABNB_20220526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ABNB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $ABNB 1 day before a corporate insider (Johnson Belinda J.  (CIK 0001694150)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"Johnson Belinda J.  (CIK 0001694150)","filingDate":"2022-05-27","adsh":"0000899243-22-019945"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_FB_20220404","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2022-04-05","adsh":"0001649749-22-000074"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_FB_20220201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)","filingDate":"2022-02-02","adsh":"0001649749-22-000020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_FB_20200803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (Edmondson Travis K  (CIK 0001811032)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Edmondson Travis K  (CIK 0001811032)","filingDate":"2020-08-04","adsh":"0001649749-20-000147"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_PYPL_20220215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PYPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $PYPL 1 day before a corporate insider (Karczmer Aaron  (CIK 0001694660)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Karczmer Aaron  (CIK 0001694660)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0001633917-22-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_GNRC_20220602","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GNRC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $GNRC 1 day before a corporate insider (Jagdfeld Aaron  (CIK 0001483001)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Jagdfeld Aaron  (CIK 0001483001)","filingDate":"2022-06-03","adsh":"0001437749-22-014247"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_SQ_20221101","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SQ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $SQ 3 days before a corporate insider (Ahuja Amrita  (CIK 0001765417)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Ahuja Amrita  (CIK 0001765417)","filingDate":"2022-11-04","adsh":"0001209191-22-055830"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_SQ_20220613","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SQ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $SQ 3 days before a corporate insider (Brooks Amy  (CIK 0001791777)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Brooks Amy  (CIK 0001791777)","filingDate":"2022-06-16","adsh":"0001209191-22-037531"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_FB_20210226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $FB 3 days before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001649749-21-000035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_GNRC_20221129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GNRC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $GNRC 3 days before a corporate insider (Jagdfeld Aaron  (CIK 0001483001)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Jagdfeld Aaron  (CIK 0001483001)","filingDate":"2022-12-02","adsh":"0001437749-22-028328"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_GNRC_20211105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GNRC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $GNRC 3 days before a corporate insider (LAMPEREUR ANDREW  (CIK 0001210581)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"LAMPEREUR ANDREW  (CIK 0001210581)","filingDate":"2021-11-08","adsh":"0001437749-21-025687"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_FB_20220520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $FB 4 days before a corporate insider (McWhorter Stuart C  (CIK 0001424592)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"McWhorter Stuart C  (CIK 0001424592)","filingDate":"2022-05-24","adsh":"0001649749-22-000124"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_GNRC_20220218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GNRC 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $GNRC 4 days before a corporate insider (Morgan Bennett J  (CIK 0001307660)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Morgan Bennett J  (CIK 0001307660)","filingDate":"2022-02-22","adsh":"0001437749-22-004066"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_SQ_20221020","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SQ 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $SQ 5 days before a corporate insider (NOBLE WILLIAM B  (CIK 0001253564)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"NOBLE WILLIAM B  (CIK 0001253564)","filingDate":"2022-10-25","adsh":"0001567619-22-018781"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_SQ_20210331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SQ 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $SQ 5 days before a corporate insider (Whiteley Sivan  (CIK 0001735067)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Whiteley Sivan  (CIK 0001735067)","filingDate":"2021-04-05","adsh":"0001209191-21-025426"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_GNRC_20220225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GNRC 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $GNRC 6 days before a corporate insider (Kanuru Rajendra Kumar  (CIK 0001806673)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Kanuru Rajendra Kumar  (CIK 0001806673)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001437749-22-005182"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_GNRC_20210429","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GNRC 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $GNRC 6 days before a corporate insider (Morgan Bennett J  (CIK 0001307660)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Morgan Bennett J  (CIK 0001307660)","filingDate":"2021-05-05","adsh":"0001437749-21-010950"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_ABNB_20220810","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABNB 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $ABNB 7 days before a corporate insider (BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABNB","filer":"BALOGH ARISTOTLE N  (CIK 0001216924)","filingDate":"2022-08-17","adsh":"0000899243-22-028994"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_SQ_20220928","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SQ 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $SQ 7 days before a corporate insider (Dale Ajmere  (CIK 0001683645)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Dale Ajmere  (CIK 0001683645)","filingDate":"2022-10-05","adsh":"0001209191-22-052840"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_FB_20200127","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FB 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $FB 7 days before a corporate insider (Exum James L.  (CIK 0001703317)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Exum James L.  (CIK 0001703317)","filingDate":"2020-02-03","adsh":"0001649749-20-000019"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_ALXN_20210709","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ALXN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $ALXN 7 days before a corporate insider (Goff Brian  (CIK 0001546216)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALXN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALXN","filer":"Goff Brian  (CIK 0001546216)","filingDate":"2021-07-16","adsh":"0000899866-21-000051"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_FB_20220215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $FB 8 days before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2022-02-23","adsh":"0001649749-22-000024"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_PYPL_20210208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin sell $PYPL 8 days before a corporate insider (Auerbach Jonathan  (CIK 0001643693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Auerbach Jonathan  (CIK 0001643693)","filingDate":"2021-02-16","adsh":"0001633917-21-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_GNRC_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GNRC 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $GNRC 8 days before a corporate insider (Pettit Thomas F  (CIK 0001613910)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Pettit Thomas F  (CIK 0001613910)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0001437749-21-005966"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_GNRC_20210209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GNRC 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James R. Langevin buy $GNRC 8 days before a corporate insider (Zarcone Dominick P  (CIK 0001635955)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GNRC","filer":"Zarcone Dominick P  (CIK 0001635955)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001437749-21-003126"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000559_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+4 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"James R. Langevin accumulated 29 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 4 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":4,"totalRaw":29}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_L000559_2022-11-15_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $META 1 day before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"James R. Langevin delivered a 288-word floor speech on 2022-11-15 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, it has been the honor and privilege of a lifetime to serve the people of Rhode Island’s Second Congressional District for the last 22 years. Together we have accomplished so much, from…\"). The member sell $META (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-11-15","chamber":"House","wordCount":288,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, it has been the honor and privilege of a lifetime to serve the people of Rhode Island’s Second Congressional District for the last 22 years. Together we have accomplished so much, from ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/11/15/168/176/CREC-2022-11-15-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-01"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/11/15/168/176/CREC-2022-11-15-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000559_2022-04-07_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PYPL 11 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"James R. Langevin delivered a 249-word floor speech on 2022-04-07 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, this is an important week for the fu- ture of American diplomacy, especially as it relates to cybersecurity. An open, interoperable, reliable, and secure internet is foundational to U.S…\"). The member sell $PYPL (a Technology-sector stock) 11 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-04-07","chamber":"House","wordCount":249,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, this is an important week for the fu- ture of American diplomacy, especially as it relates to cybersecurity. An open, interoperable, reliable, and secure internet is foundational to U.S","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/04/07/168/62/CREC-2022-04-07-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-18"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-17"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/04/07/168/62/CREC-2022-04-07-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000559_2021-07-26_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NFLX 10 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"James R. Langevin delivered a 851-word floor speech on 2021-07-26 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of S. 2382. As the author of the Na- tional Cyber Director Act, I commend Senators PORTMAN and PETERS for of- f…\"). The member buy $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 10 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-07-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":851,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of S. 2382. As the author of the Na- tional Cyber Director Act, I commend Senators PORTMAN and PETERS for of- f","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/26/167/130/CREC-2021-07-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/26/167/130/CREC-2021-07-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000559_2019-07-25_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HON 22 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"James R. Langevin delivered a 211-word floor speech on 2019-07-25 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, to- morrow we celebrate the 29th anniver- sary of the Americans with Disabilities Act, a groundbreaking civil rights law that has improved the lives of millions across the Nation, inclu…\"). The member buy $HON (a Industrials-sector stock) 22 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-07-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":211,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, to- morrow we celebrate the 29th anniver- sary of the Americans with Disabilities Act, a groundbreaking civil rights law that has improved the lives of millions across the Nation, inclu","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/25/165/126/CREC-2019-07-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/25/165/126/CREC-2019-07-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000559_2019-07-09_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 6 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"James R. Langevin delivered a 253-word floor speech on 2019-07-09 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise with deep sadness to remember a lumi- nary in the field of cybersecurity. Michael Assante passed away last Friday. The many tributes that have poured in from people in the ICS secu…\"). The member buy $AMZN (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-07-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":253,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise with deep sadness to remember a lumi- nary in the field of cybersecurity. Michael Assante passed away last Friday. The many tributes that have poured in from people in the ICS secu","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/09/165/114/CREC-2019-07-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/09/165/114/CREC-2019-07-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000559_2018-09-27_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NFLX 17 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"James R. Langevin delivered a 218-word floor speech on 2018-09-27 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise to commemorate National Cybersecu- rity Awareness Month, which begins October 1. As the cofounder and co- chair of the Congressional Cybersecu- rity Caucus with my good friend Chai…\"). The member sell $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 17 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-09-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":218,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise to commemorate National Cybersecu- rity Awareness Month, which begins October 1. As the cofounder and co- chair of the Congressional Cybersecu- rity Caucus with my good friend Chai","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/27/164/160/CREC-2018-09-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-25"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-24"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-09-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/27/164/160/CREC-2018-09-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000559_2018-09-04_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NFLX 6 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"James R. Langevin delivered a 497-word floor speech on 2018-09-04 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding, and I want to recognize and thank the gen- tleman from Texas for his leadership on this issue as well as for his leader- ship as chairman of the Subcom…\"). The member sell $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-09-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":497,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding, and I want to recognize and thank the gen- tleman from Texas for his leadership on this issue as well as for his leader- ship as chairman of the Subcom","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/04/164/146/CREC-2018-09-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-09-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/04/164/146/CREC-2018-09-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000559_2018-06-19_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NFLX 30 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"James R. Langevin delivered a 232-word floor speech on 2018-06-19 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time. In closing, I once again thank Chair- man DONOVAN from the great State of New York for his support of this bill and for his comments, and I thank th…\"). The member buy $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 30 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-06-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":232,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time. In closing, I once again thank Chair- man DONOVAN from the great State of New York for his support of this bill and for his comments, and I thank th","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/06/19/164/102/CREC-2018-06-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/06/19/164/102/CREC-2018-06-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P78_L000559","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 78 total findings across the platform","explanation":"James R. Langevin appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 78 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (15); trade near vote (10); lobbying timeline trade (10); speech advocacy trade (8).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":78,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":10},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000559","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_L000559","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James R. Langevin draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.2M PAC / $23.0M total)","explanation":"James R. Langevin's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.2M of $23.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.05,"pacSharePct":44.4,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H0RI02139"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0RI02139/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_L000559","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James R. Langevin disclosed 43 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL META $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"James R. Langevin has filed 43 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL META $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-11-14 · BUY ABNB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-10-27 · SELL ABNB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-10-21 · SELL SQ $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-08-05.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":43,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":4300043,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"META","action":"SELL","date":"2022-11-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ABNB","action":"BUY","date":"2022-10-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ABNB","action":"SELL","date":"2022-10-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","date":"2022-08-05","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","date":"2022-03-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","action":"BUY","date":"2022-02-01","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_L000559","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James R. Langevin executed 136 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL GNRC (0d apart)","explanation":"James R. Langevin has 136 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL GNRC 2021-02-09 → 2021-02-09 (0d) · SELL→BUY GNRC 2021-02-09 → 2021-03-04 (23d) · BUY→SELL GNRC 2021-03-29 → 2021-03-31 (2d) · SELL→BUY GNRC 2021-04-29 → 2021-05-10 (11d) · BUY→SELL GNRC 2021-05-12 → 2021-05-27 (15d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":136,"samples":[{"ticker":"GNRC","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-02-09","date2":"2021-02-09","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","days":23,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-02-09","date2":"2021-03-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-29","date2":"2021-03-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","days":11,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-04-29","date2":"2021-05-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-05-12","date2":"2021-05-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-07-16","date2":"2021-07-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-10-01","date2":"2021-10-15","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GNRC","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-10-28","date2":"2021-11-03","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_L000559","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James R. Langevin triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"James R. Langevin accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_L000559","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James R. Langevin — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (403/404)","explanation":"James R. Langevin's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":404,"atBracket":403,"pct":"99.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_L000559","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James R. Langevin — 32 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"James R. Langevin has traded 32 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":32,"sample":["GNRC","META","ABNB","DASH","SQ","PYPL","FB","NFLX","Z","GOOGL"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000559_WoodPawcatuckWatersh","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James R. Langevin sponsored \"Wood-Pawcatuck Watershed Protection Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"James R. Langevin has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Wood-Pawcatuck Watershed Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_L000559_GNRC","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James R. Langevin — 56 disclosed trades in single ticker GNRC","explanation":"James R. Langevin traded GNRC on 56 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the GNRC trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"GNRC","count":56}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_L000559","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James R. Langevin — 6 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"James R. Langevin has traded 6 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":6,"tickers":["ABNB","DASH","SQ","RIVN","BYND","CRWD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_L000559","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"James R. Langevin — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"James R. Langevin has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000559","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-r.-langevin/L000559"]}],"L000579":[{"id":"P1_L000579_rxmky7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ZTS 9d BEFORE SRES 595 — \"A resolution designating the week of April 18 thro…\"","explanation":"Member traded ZTS (Pharma) within 9 days of SRES 595 \"A resolution designating the week of April 18 through April 24, 2022, as \"Nation\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2022-08-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 595","title":"A resolution designating the week of April 18 through April 24, 2022, as \"National Osteopathic Medicine Week\".","introducedDate":"2022-09-04","daysDiff":-9}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20595"]},{"id":"P1_L000579_81jdpz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL GOOG 2d after SRES 309 — \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Intern…\" · sponsor D-OR","explanation":"Member traded GOOG (Technology) within 2 days of SRES 309 \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small bus\", sponsored by Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2022-01-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 309","title":"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small businesses.","introducedDate":"2022-01-12","daysDiff":2,"sponsorName":"Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]","sponsorBioguide":"W000779","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"OR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20309"]},{"id":"P1_L000579_pc13ql","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY BA 11d BEFORE HR 1238 — \"To prohibit the presence in the United States of a…\" · sponsor R-AZ","explanation":"Member traded BA (Defense) within 11 days of HR 1238 \"To prohibit the presence in the United States of any alien formerly detained at \", sponsored by Rep. Shadegg, John B. [R-AZ-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2019-11-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1238","title":"To prohibit the presence in the United States of any alien formerly detained at the Department of Defense detention faci","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-11,"sponsorName":"Rep. Shadegg, John B. [R-AZ-3]","sponsorBioguide":"S000275","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AZ","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201238"]},{"id":"P3_L000579_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 6 times (75%). In the same period they made 41 BUYS vs 33 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":6,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":41,"sells":33,"netBuy":8,"total":74}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000579_v1a9b1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,920 donation spike on 2012-09-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-30 this committee recorded $51,920 across 61 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,940.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00498212","date":"2012-09-30","amount":51920,"count":61,"baseline":5940,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498212/"]},{"id":"P17_L000579_CMCSA_2017-10-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-10 and 2017-10-13, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2017-10-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001107","name":"Carlos Curbelo"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"}],"span":"2017-10-10 to 2017-10-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000579_GE_2017-05-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-05-15 and 2017-05-18, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2017-05-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"}],"span":"2017-05-15 to 2017-05-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000579_ECL_2020-04-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ECL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-20 and 2020-04-27, 3 members took the same direction on ECL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECL","date":"2020-04-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ECL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"}],"span":"2020-04-20 to 2020-04-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000579_TJX_2020-05-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TJX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-19 and 2020-05-26, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on TJX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","date":"2020-05-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TJX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"}],"span":"2020-05-19 to 2020-05-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000579_FDX_2016-01-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-08 and 2016-01-15, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on FDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2016-01-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"G000551","name":"Raúl M. Grijalva"},{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"}],"span":"2016-01-08 to 2016-01-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000579_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Alan S. Lowenthal executed 37 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2022-12-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2022-09-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2022-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-06-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; 2022 Management Area 1A Possession Limit Adjustme","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-11-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additions of Entities to the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2022-08-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000579_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Alan S. Lowenthal executed 38 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2022-11-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2022-07-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2022-06-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2022-05-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Modernization of the Customs Broker Regulations","agency":"Homeland Security Department, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Treasury Department","date":"2022-10-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2022-06-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000579_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Alan S. Lowenthal executed 3 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2022-08-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-07-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2020-07-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; FY 2023 Inpatient Psychiatric Facilities Prospective Payment System-Rate Update and Quality Reporting-","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2022-07-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Milk and Cream Products and Yogurt Products; Final Rule To Revoke the Standards for Lowfat Yogurt and Nonfat Yogurt and ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2021-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000579_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Alan S. Lowenthal executed 31 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2022-06-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KTOS","date":"2021-05-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KTOS","date":"2021-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KTOS","date":"2021-05-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2022-05-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Statement of Policy on Waiving Ground Safety Regulations at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Vandenberg Air Force Base,","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-04-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000579_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Alan S. Lowenthal executed 5 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2020-07-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2020-03-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2020-03-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$405.32"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2020-03-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of 30-Day Processing Provision for Asylum Applicant-Related Form I-765 Employment Authorization Applications","agency":"Homeland Security Department","date":"2020-06-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures; Miscellaneous Amendment","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_L000579_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Alan S. Lowenthal cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2014-12-19","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":9,"sector":"Finance"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2014-12-09","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":6,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_L000579_64tb9f","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65 trades in RUN (Other) — 6% of this member's 1144 total trades","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"RUN","count":65,"buys":21,"sells":44,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2018-08-20","lastDate":"2022-01-14"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"VSLR","count":33,"buys":19,"sells":14,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2019-08-09","lastDate":"2020-07-08"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"SH","count":31,"buys":14,"sells":17,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2019-10-02","lastDate":"2020-11-09"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"KTOS","count":27,"buys":15,"sells":12,"sector":"Defense","firstDate":"2020-09-03","lastDate":"2021-05-14"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"BKI","count":26,"buys":18,"sells":8,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2019-03-01","lastDate":"2020-01-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000579","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_L000579_GOOG_20200304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-015710","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_AMZN_20200903","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (Zapolsky David  (CIK 0001557979)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Zapolsky David  (CIK 0001557979)","filingDate":"2020-09-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-024639","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_TJX_20200527","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TJX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $TJX 1 day after a corporate insider (BERKERY ROSEMARY T  (CIK 0001182323)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"BUY","amount":"$835.94","tradeDate":"2020-05-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"BERKERY ROSEMARY T  (CIK 0001182323)","filingDate":"2020-05-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-032042","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_FIS_20210603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FIS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $FIS 1 day after a corporate insider (Stallings James B JR  (CIK 0001573715)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FIS","filer":"Stallings James B JR  (CIK 0001573715)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001136893-21-000142","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_IFF_20210204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IFF 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $IFF 1 day after a corporate insider (Strzelecki Angela  (CIK 0001843595)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IFF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IFF","filer":"Strzelecki Angela  (CIK 0001843595)","filingDate":"2021-02-03","adsh":"0001225208-21-001614","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_BSX_20210806","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BSX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BSX 2 days after a corporate insider (Nanavaty Maulik  (CIK 0001529708)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Nanavaty Maulik  (CIK 0001529708)","filingDate":"2021-08-04","adsh":"0001225208-21-011122","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_BSX_20221021","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BSX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BSX 3 days after a corporate insider (Carruthers Wendy  (CIK 0001563565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Carruthers Wendy  (CIK 0001563565)","filingDate":"2022-10-18","adsh":"0001225208-22-011013","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_TMUS_20221104","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TMUS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $TMUS 3 days after a corporate insider (Ray Neville R  (CIK 0001576185)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Ray Neville R  (CIK 0001576185)","filingDate":"2022-11-01","adsh":"0001283699-22-000145","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_BA_20200305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BA 3 days after a corporate insider (Caret Leanne G  (CIK 0001668346)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Caret Leanne G  (CIK 0001668346)","filingDate":"2020-03-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-003947","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_SPCE_20210204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SPCE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $SPCE 3 days after a corporate insider (Stonepeak Catarina Holdings LLC  (CIK 0001656530)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPCE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPCE","filer":"Stonepeak Catarina Holdings LLC  (CIK 0001656530)","filingDate":"2021-02-01","adsh":"0000905148-21-000105","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_RUN_20200619","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $RUN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $RUN 3 days after a corporate insider (Fletcher Aaron G.L.  (CIK 0001789490)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RUN","action":"SELL","amount":"$80.83","tradeDate":"2020-06-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RUN","filer":"Fletcher Aaron G.L.  (CIK 0001789490)","filingDate":"2020-06-16","adsh":"0001789490-20-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_TMUS_20220517","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TMUS 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $TMUS 4 days after a corporate insider (SIEVERT G MICHAEL  (CIK 0001182438)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"SIEVERT G MICHAEL  (CIK 0001182438)","filingDate":"2022-05-13","adsh":"0001283699-22-000088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_CCK_20220304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CCK 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $CCK 4 days after a corporate insider (GOH HOCK HUAT  (CIK 0001748351)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCK","filer":"GOH HOCK HUAT  (CIK 0001748351)","filingDate":"2022-02-28","adsh":"0001437749-22-004559","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_DKNG_20200629","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DKNG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $DKNG 4 days after a corporate insider (Park Jason  (CIK 0001810235)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DKNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$269.33","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DKNG","filer":"Park Jason  (CIK 0001810235)","filingDate":"2020-06-25","adsh":"0001104659-20-076912","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_VSLR_20200317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $VSLR 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $VSLR 4 days after a corporate insider (SMITH ELLEN  (CIK 0001805612)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSLR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VSLR","filer":"SMITH ELLEN  (CIK 0001805612)","filingDate":"2020-03-13","adsh":"0001209191-20-019065","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_NEE_20200324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NEE 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $NEE 5 days after a corporate insider (May James Michael  (CIK 0001769378)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"May James Michael  (CIK 0001769378)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0000753308-20-000099","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_COLD_20210315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COLD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $COLD 5 days after a corporate insider (Boehler Fred W  (CIK 0001557302)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COLD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COLD","filer":"Boehler Fred W  (CIK 0001557302)","filingDate":"2021-03-10","adsh":"0001455863-21-000054","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_RUN_20201013","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RUN 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $RUN 5 days after a corporate insider (Plagemann Thomas G.  (CIK 0001618828)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RUN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RUN","filer":"Plagemann Thomas G.  (CIK 0001618828)","filingDate":"2020-10-08","adsh":"0001209191-20-054294","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_BXMT_20200615","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BXMT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BXMT 5 days after a corporate insider (Armer Douglas N.  (CIK 0001595261)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BXMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BXMT","filer":"Armer Douglas N.  (CIK 0001595261)","filingDate":"2020-06-10","adsh":"0001209191-20-035704","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000579_VSLR_20200622","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VSLR 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $VSLR 5 days after a corporate insider (Allred L. Chance  (CIK 0001618793)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSLR","action":"SELL","amount":"$500.31","tradeDate":"2020-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VSLR","filer":"Allred L. Chance  (CIK 0001618793)","filingDate":"2020-06-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-037302","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_BSX_20210803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BSX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BSX 1 day before a corporate insider (Nanavaty Maulik  (CIK 0001529708)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Nanavaty Maulik  (CIK 0001529708)","filingDate":"2021-08-04","adsh":"0001225208-21-011122"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_DECK_20211104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DECK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $DECK 1 day before a corporate insider (Burwick David A  (CIK 0001318320)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DECK","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DECK","filer":"Burwick David A  (CIK 0001318320)","filingDate":"2021-11-05","adsh":"0001593968-21-002362"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_GM_20210112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $GM 1 day before a corporate insider (Carlisle Stephen K.  (CIK 0001817794)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","action":"BUY","amount":"$474.06","tradeDate":"2021-01-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GM","filer":"Carlisle Stephen K.  (CIK 0001817794)","filingDate":"2021-01-13","adsh":"0001467858-21-000022"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_SCI_20211109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SCI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $SCI 1 day before a corporate insider (UNGAR EDWARD W  (CIK 0001216617)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCI","filer":"UNGAR EDWARD W  (CIK 0001216617)","filingDate":"2021-11-10","adsh":"0001104659-21-136637"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_SPCE_20200603","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SPCE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $SPCE 1 day before a corporate insider (Kreeger Craig S  (CIK 0001790017)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPCE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPCE","filer":"Kreeger Craig S  (CIK 0001790017)","filingDate":"2020-06-04","adsh":"0001790017-20-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_RUN_20201007","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RUN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $RUN 1 day before a corporate insider (Plagemann Thomas G.  (CIK 0001618828)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RUN","action":"SELL","amount":"$486.57","tradeDate":"2020-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RUN","filer":"Plagemann Thomas G.  (CIK 0001618828)","filingDate":"2020-10-08","adsh":"0001209191-20-054294"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_BX_20221114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BX 2 days before a corporate insider (BMA VI L.L.C.  (CIK 0001556083)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BX","filer":"BMA VI L.L.C.  (CIK 0001556083)","filingDate":"2022-11-16","adsh":"0000899243-22-036048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_APD_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $APD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $APD 2 days before a corporate insider (Davis Lisa Ann  (CIK 0001706496)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APD","filer":"Davis Lisa Ann  (CIK 0001706496)","filingDate":"2020-03-11","adsh":"0001225208-20-004834"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_FB_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $FB 3 days before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2021-02-26","adsh":"0001649749-21-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_MDT_20220729","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $MDT 4 days before a corporate insider (Martha Geoffrey  (CIK 0001560409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Martha Geoffrey  (CIK 0001560409)","filingDate":"2022-08-02","adsh":"0001127602-22-020196"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_SPCE_20200313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SPCE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $SPCE 4 days before a corporate insider (Vieco USA, Inc.  (CIK 0001791281)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPCE","action":"SELL","amount":"$117.79","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPCE","filer":"Vieco USA, Inc.  (CIK 0001791281)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0000899243-20-008627"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_BKNG_20211215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BKNG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BKNG 5 days before a corporate insider (Fogel Glenn D  (CIK 0001516908)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"Fogel Glenn D  (CIK 0001516908)","filingDate":"2021-12-20","adsh":"0001179110-21-011135"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_CRM_20220922","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $CRM 5 days before a corporate insider (Taylor Bret Steven  (CIK 0001610312)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Taylor Bret Steven  (CIK 0001610312)","filingDate":"2022-09-27","adsh":"0001127602-22-023033"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_BSX_20210806","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BSX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BSX 5 days before a corporate insider (Thepaut Eric Francis Yves  (CIK 0001631992)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Thepaut Eric Francis Yves  (CIK 0001631992)","filingDate":"2021-08-11","adsh":"0001225208-21-011391"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_BA_20200305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $BA 5 days before a corporate insider (KEATING TIMOTHY JOHN  (CIK 0001436135)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"KEATING TIMOTHY JOHN  (CIK 0001436135)","filingDate":"2020-03-10","adsh":"0001225208-20-004793"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_SPCE_20210127","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SPCE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $SPCE 5 days before a corporate insider (Stonepeak Catarina Holdings LLC  (CIK 0001656530)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPCE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPCE","filer":"Stonepeak Catarina Holdings LLC  (CIK 0001656530)","filingDate":"2021-02-01","adsh":"0000905148-21-000105"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_ADSK_20210317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADSK 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $ADSK 6 days before a corporate insider (Di Fronzo Pascal W  (CIK 0001394844)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADSK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADSK","filer":"Di Fronzo Pascal W  (CIK 0001394844)","filingDate":"2021-03-23","adsh":"0001209191-21-022713"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_AMZN_20200903","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $AMZN 6 days before a corporate insider (McGrath Judith A  (CIK 0001612243)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"McGrath Judith A  (CIK 0001612243)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0000899243-20-024790"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_ADBE_20211215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADBE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $ADBE 6 days before a corporate insider (Garfield Mark S.  (CIK 0001602315)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Garfield Mark S.  (CIK 0001602315)","filingDate":"2021-12-21","adsh":"0000796343-21-000254"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_TJX_20220406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TJX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $TJX 6 days before a corporate insider (Canestrari Kenneth  (CIK 0001620874)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"Canestrari Kenneth  (CIK 0001620874)","filingDate":"2022-04-12","adsh":"0001209191-22-024165"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_NEE_20200721","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $NEE 6 days before a corporate insider (Reagan Ronald R  (CIK 0001798344)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"Reagan Ronald R  (CIK 0001798344)","filingDate":"2020-07-27","adsh":"0000753308-20-000152"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_TMUS_20200213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMUS 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $TMUS 6 days before a corporate insider (Ewens Peter A  (CIK 0001576183)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$669.93","tradeDate":"2020-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Ewens Peter A  (CIK 0001576183)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001283699-20-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_SCI_20220927","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SCI 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $SCI 6 days before a corporate insider (TALOR EYAL  (CIK 0001238028)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCI","filer":"TALOR EYAL  (CIK 0001238028)","filingDate":"2022-10-03","adsh":"0001236215-22-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_DKNG_20200520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DKNG 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal sell $DKNG 6 days before a corporate insider (Nada Hany M  (CIK 0001810238)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DKNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DKNG","filer":"Nada Hany M  (CIK 0001810238)","filingDate":"2020-05-26","adsh":"0001104659-20-065943"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_UBER_20200826","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal buy $UBER 7 days before a corporate insider (West Tony  (CIK 0001626201)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$258.65","tradeDate":"2020-08-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"West Tony  (CIK 0001626201)","filingDate":"2020-09-02","adsh":"0001562180-20-005782"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000579_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+13 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal accumulated 38 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 13 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":13,"totalRaw":38}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_L000579_2020-03-04_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BSX 7 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal delivered a 417-word floor speech on 2020-03-04 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I would like to thank my colleagues, Representatives TLAIB and PRESSLEY , for yielding and allowing me to speak. As we all know, this morning the Su- preme Court heard the oral arguments…\"). The member sell $BSX (a Healthcare-sector stock) 7 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-03-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":417,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I would like to thank my colleagues, Representatives TLAIB and PRESSLEY , for yielding and allowing me to speak. As we all know, this morning the Su- preme Court heard the oral arguments ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/04/166/43/CREC-2020-03-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$460.82","tradeDate":"2020-03-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$614.21","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/04/166/43/CREC-2020-03-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000579_2018-07-18_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PSX 12 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal delivered a 341-word floor speech on 2018-07-18 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to the rule. I want to return to the fact that it is a scientific fact that climate change is occurring and that human activity is the primary cause of that change. I…\"). The member sell $PSX (a Energy-sector stock) 12 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-07-18","chamber":"House","wordCount":341,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in opposition to the rule. I want to return to the fact that it is a scientific fact that climate change is occurring and that human activity is the primary cause of that change. I","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/07/18/164/121/CREC-2018-07-18-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/07/18/164/121/CREC-2018-07-18-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000579_2018-05-23_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 19 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal delivered a 336-word floor speech on 2018-05-23 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Chairman, I am a little surprised that someone from Kentucky is spon- soring this amendment, because if this amendment were to become law…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 19 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-05-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":336,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Chairman, I am a little surprised that someone from Kentucky is spon- soring this amendment, because if this amendment were to become law","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/05/23/164/85/CREC-2018-05-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/05/23/164/85/CREC-2018-05-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000579_2017-04-28_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 12 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal delivered a 157-word floor speech on 2017-04-28 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, this Sunday, April 30, marks 42 years since the fall of Saigon, commemorated as Black April in Vietnamese-American communities across the United States. Along with Congresswoman LOFGREN,…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-04-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":157,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, this Sunday, April 30, marks 42 years since the fall of Saigon, commemorated as Black April in Vietnamese-American communities across the United States. Along with Congresswoman LOFGREN, ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/04/28/CREC-2017-04-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/04/28/CREC-2017-04-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000579_2015-12-16_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PYPL 22 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal delivered a 323-word floor speech on 2015-12-16 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"I thank the gen- tlewoman for yielding. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 3878, the Strengthening Cybersecurity Information Sharing and Coordination in Our Ports Act of 2015. Mr. Speaker, in sout…\"). The member sell $PYPL (a Technology-sector stock) 22 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-12-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":323,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"I thank the gen- tlewoman for yielding. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 3878, the Strengthening Cybersecurity Information Sharing and Coordination in Our Ports Act of 2015. Mr. Speaker, in sout","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/12/16/161/183/CREC-2015-12-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-14"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/12/16/161/183/CREC-2015-12-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_L000579_2018-01-02","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"23 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-01-02 — 18 unique tickers","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal executed 23 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-01-02 to 2018-01-09), spanning 18 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-01-02","windowEnd":"2018-01-09","tradeCount":23,"uniqueTickers":18,"totalDisclosedTrades":1144,"sampleTickers":["BLK","BIP","MA","AAPL","UNH","RDS.B","OREX","PSX","DLPH","APTV"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000579","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 70 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 70 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (20); coordinated trade cluster (5); reg rule trade proximity (5); speech advocacy trade (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":70,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":20},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000579","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_L000579","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alan S. Lowenthal draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.0M PAC / $8.7M total)","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.0M of $8.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.99,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.72,"pacSharePct":57.3,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2CA00104"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA00104/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_L000579","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alan S. Lowenthal executed 10 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY ADSK (0d apart)","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal has 10 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY ADSK 2017-05-03 → 2017-05-03 (0d) · SELL→BUY RUN 2020-02-27 → 2020-03-17 (19d) · SELL→BUY RUN 2020-10-07 → 2020-10-13 (6d) · BUY→SELL BLK 2018-11-07 → 2018-11-14 (7d) · BUY→SELL DD 2021-01-27 → 2021-02-04 (8d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":10,"samples":[{"ticker":"ADSK","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-05-03","date2":"2017-05-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RUN","days":19,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-02-27","date2":"2020-03-17","amount1":"$104.25","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RUN","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-10-07","date2":"2020-10-13","amount1":"$324.38","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BLK","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-07","date2":"2018-11-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DD","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-27","date2":"2021-02-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BABA","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-30","date2":"2020-12-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VSLR","days":25,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-02-20","date2":"2020-03-16","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"QGEN","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-09-13","date2":"2019-10-08","amount1":"$135.55","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_L000579","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan S. Lowenthal triggers 14 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal accumulates 14 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":14,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P180_L000579","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alan S. Lowenthal — 179 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal has traded 179 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":179,"sample":["ATVI","GTLS","CRM","BX","TJX","TMUS","ECL","BSX","CCK","SCI"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_L000579_RUN","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alan S. Lowenthal — 65 disclosed trades in single ticker RUN","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal traded RUN on 65 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the RUN trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"RUN","count":65}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_L000579","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan S. Lowenthal — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Alan S. Lowenthal has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["UBER","COIN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"T000479":[{"id":"P1_T000479_itzcd4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY XOM 11d after S 2508 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on carbonic…\" · sponsor D-CT","explanation":"Member traded XOM (Energy) within 11 days of S 2508 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on carbonic dihydrazide.\", sponsored by Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2019-03-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2508","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on carbonic dihydrazide.","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":11,"sponsorName":"Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT]","sponsorBioguide":"B001277","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CT","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202508"]},{"id":"P1_T000479_8c5fun","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY XOM 2d BEFORE S 2591 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultravio…\" · sponsor D-DE","explanation":"Member traded XOM (Energy) within 2 days of S 2591 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultraviolet lamps filled with deuteriu\", sponsored by Sen. Carper, Thomas R. [D-DE].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2019-02-21","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2591","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultraviolet lamps filled with deuterium gas.","introducedDate":"2019-02-23","daysDiff":-2,"sponsorName":"Sen. Carper, Thomas R. [D-DE]","sponsorBioguide":"C000174","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"DE","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202591"]},{"id":"P11_T000479_7o0nyg","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -22%)","explanation":"Of $3,530,797 in itemized individual contributions, $3,136,581 (89%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3530797,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-775504,"$200.01-$499":131783,"$500-$999":368534,"$1000-$1999":669403,"$2000 and over":3136581},"megaShare":88.8,"smallDonorShare":-22}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000479_ihzz88","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$168,511 donation spike on 2022-03-11 — 18.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-11 this committee recorded $168,511 across 75 contributions — 18.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,943.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653634","date":"2022-03-11","amount":168511,"count":75,"baseline":8943,"ratio":18.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653634/"]},{"id":"P15_T000479_ihzz89","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,437 donation spike on 2022-03-10 — 25× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-10 this committee recorded $79,437 across 32 contributions — 25× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,175.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653634","date":"2022-03-10","amount":79437,"count":32,"baseline":3175,"ratio":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653634/"]},{"id":"P15_T000479_flyinm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,750 donation spike on 2019-03-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-31 this committee recorded $68,750 across 66 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,865.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653634","date":"2019-03-31","amount":68750,"count":66,"baseline":8865,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653634/"]},{"id":"P15_T000479_x6e9ej","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,400 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $57,400 across 32 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,883.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653634","date":"2021-03-31","amount":57400,"count":32,"baseline":6883,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653634/"]},{"id":"P15_T000479_flyio9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,210 donation spike on 2019-03-29 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-29 this committee recorded $55,210 across 28 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,917.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653634","date":"2019-03-29","amount":55210,"count":28,"baseline":6917,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653634/"]},{"id":"P17_T000479_GD_2019-03-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-25 and 2019-04-01, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on GD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2019-03-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2019-03-25 to 2019-04-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_PM_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-28, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_CCI_2019-03-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CCI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-20 and 2019-03-25, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CCI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","date":"2019-03-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CCI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-20 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_CCI_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CCI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-25, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CCI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CCI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_RDS.B_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-25, 4 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_RDS.B_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-25, 3 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_GE_2020-03-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-17 and 2020-03-23, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2020-03-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"}],"span":"2020-03-17 to 2020-03-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_ADP_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ADP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-26, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on ADP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ADP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_BIIB_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BIIB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-26, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BIIB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BIIB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_MO_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-04, 3 members took the same direction on MO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","date":"2019-01-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"M001199","name":"Brian Mast"},{"bioguideId":"P000034","name":"Frank Pallone"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_KMI_2019-03-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold KMI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-25 and 2019-03-28, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on KMI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2019-03-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KMI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-03-25 to 2019-03-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000479_BTI_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BTI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on BTI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BTI","date":"2019-01-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BTI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"M001199","name":"Brian Mast"},{"bioguideId":"M001205","name":"Carol Miller"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000479_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Van Taylor executed 15 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","date":"2022-11-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2022-11-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2022-11-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-03-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Upper Mississippi River Mile Marker 485.3-485.9 Davenport, IA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2022-10-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Upper Mississippi River Mile Marker 485.3-485.9 Davenport, IA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2022-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000479_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Van Taylor executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCO","date":"2022-11-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Electronic Recordkeeping Requirements for Broker-Dealers, Security-Based Swap Dealers, and Major Security-Based Swap Par","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2022-11-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000479_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Van Taylor executed 4 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2022-11-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2022-11-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2020-03-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2020-03-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food and Current Good","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-10-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food and Current Good","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_T000479_1t08","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Van Taylor sits on committees overseeing Defense, Finance, Real Estate and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2019-03-25","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_T000479_1v7a","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"43 trades in XOM (Energy) — 11% of this member's 386 total trades","explanation":"Van Taylor has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"XOM","count":43,"buys":4,"sells":39,"sector":"Energy","firstDate":"2019-01-10","lastDate":"2022-11-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000479","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy)","explanation":"Van Taylor has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":25,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_T000479_LLY_20221128","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LLY in 2022-Q4 while ELI LILLY AND COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Van Taylor executed a sell in LLY during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, LILLY USA, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-28","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","LILLY USA, LLC","ELI LILLY & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000479_CVX_20221128","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2022-Q4 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Van Taylor executed a sell in CVX during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-28","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000479_XOM_20221128","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2022-Q4 while EXXON MOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Van Taylor executed a sell in XOM during 2022-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-28","quarter":"2022-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q4","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000479_XOM_20200313","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2020-Q1 while EXXON MOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Van Taylor executed a sell in XOM during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000479_LLY_20200313","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LLY in 2020-Q1 while ELI LILLY AND COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Van Taylor executed a sell in LLY during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, TIBER CREEK HEALTH STRATEGIES, INC. (ON BEHALF OF ELI LILLY AND COMPANY)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["ELI LILLY AND COMPANY","TIBER CREEK HEALTH STRATEGIES, INC. (ON BEHALF OF ELI LILLY AND COMPANY)","ELI LILLY & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_T000479_MSFT_20190325","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2019-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Van Taylor executed a sell in MSFT during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-25","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_T000479_WMT_20200317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Van Taylor sell $WMT 1 day after a corporate insider (Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-010874","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000479_BMY_20200313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BMY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Van Taylor sell $BMY 1 day after a corporate insider (Dubow Adam  (CIK 0001744507)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BMY","filer":"Dubow Adam  (CIK 0001744507)","filingDate":"2020-03-12","adsh":"0000014272-20-000116","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000479_XOM_20200110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $XOM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Van Taylor sell $XOM 4 days after a corporate insider (Woods Darren W  (CIK 0001555145)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Woods Darren W  (CIK 0001555145)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0001127602-20-001148","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000479_XOM_20221128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $XOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Van Taylor sell $XOM 1 day before a corporate insider (Gibbs Jon M.  (CIK 0001853120)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Gibbs Jon M.  (CIK 0001853120)","filingDate":"2022-11-29","adsh":"0001127602-22-026474"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000479_XOM_20200102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $XOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Van Taylor sell $XOM 1 day before a corporate insider (WELDON WILLIAM C  (CIK 0001189019)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"WELDON WILLIAM C  (CIK 0001189019)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-000818"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000479_CVX_20221128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CVX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Van Taylor sell $CVX 2 days before a corporate insider (Pate R. Hewitt  (CIK 0001469419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"Pate R. Hewitt  (CIK 0001469419)","filingDate":"2022-11-30","adsh":"0001127602-22-026558"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000479_WMT_20200317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WMT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Van Taylor sell $WMT 2 days before a corporate insider (McLay Kathryn J.  (CIK 0001794573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"McLay Kathryn J.  (CIK 0001794573)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011530"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000479_XOM_20200313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $XOM 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Van Taylor sell $XOM 6 days before a corporate insider (Swiger Andrew P  (CIK 0001376719)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Swiger Andrew P  (CIK 0001376719)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011408"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P65_T000479_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"238 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2019-03-18 — 220 unique tickers","explanation":"Van Taylor executed 238 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2019-03-18 to 2019-03-25), spanning 220 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2019-03-18","windowEnd":"2019-03-25","tradeCount":238,"uniqueTickers":220,"totalDisclosedTrades":386,"sampleTickers":["AAP","BLK","MO","BKNG","ABBV","ZTS","HAS","GRUB","PXD","KLIC"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_T000479","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 41 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Van Taylor appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 41 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: coordinated trade cluster (12); lobbying timeline trade (6); daily donation spike (5); insider front ran trade (5); reg rule trade proximity (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":41,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":12},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000479","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_T000479","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Van Taylor disclosed 12 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 9 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL ZBH $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Van Taylor has filed 12 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 9 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL ZBH $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-11-28 · SELL MCO $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-11-28 · SELL LLY $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2022-11-28 · SELL CVX $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2022-11-28.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":12,"veryHighCount":9,"lowerBoundSum":4800012,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ZBH","action":"SELL","date":"2022-11-28","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MCO","action":"SELL","date":"2022-11-28","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","date":"2022-11-28","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","date":"2022-11-28","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","date":"2022-11-28","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","action":"SELL","date":"2022-11-28","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_T000479","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Van Taylor executed 18 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY XOM (6d apart)","explanation":"Van Taylor has 18 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY XOM 2019-02-15 → 2019-02-21 (6d) · BUY→SELL XOM 2019-02-21 → 2019-02-21 (0d) · SELL→BUY XOM 2019-03-07 → 2019-03-07 (0d) · BUY→SELL XOM 2019-03-14 → 2019-03-14 (0d) · SELL→BUY XOM 2019-10-30 → 2019-11-07 (8d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":18,"samples":[{"ticker":"XOM","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-02-15","date2":"2019-02-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-02-21","date2":"2019-02-21","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-03-07","date2":"2019-03-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-03-14","date2":"2019-03-14","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","days":8,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-10-30","date2":"2019-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-11-07","date2":"2019-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"APC","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-08-09","date2":"2019-08-23","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GRUB","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-03-08","date2":"2019-03-25","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_T000479","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Van Taylor triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Van Taylor accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_T000479_2019-03-25","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Van Taylor — 236 trades on 2019-03-25","explanation":"Van Taylor disclosed 236 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2019-03-25). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2019-03-25","count":236}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_T000479","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Van Taylor — 98% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (377/386)","explanation":"Van Taylor's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 98% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":386,"atBracket":377,"pct":"97.7"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_T000479","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Van Taylor — 241 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Van Taylor has traded 241 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":241,"sample":["OXY","SSLTY","ZBH","MCO","ZIMV","LLY","CVX","XOM","BMY","RNGR"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_T000479_XOM","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Van Taylor — 43 disclosed trades in single ticker XOM","explanation":"Van Taylor traded XOM on 43 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the XOM trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"XOM","count":43}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"N000192":[{"id":"P1_N000192_jgj5hj","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL ZM 1d BEFORE SRES 309 — \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Intern…\" · sponsor D-OR","explanation":"Member traded ZM (Technology) within 1 days of SRES 309 \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small bus\", sponsored by Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZM","date":"2022-01-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 309","title":"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small businesses.","introducedDate":"2022-01-12","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]","sponsorBioguide":"W000779","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"OR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20309"]},{"id":"P1_N000192_k8dctl","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 6d BEFORE HRES 649 — \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representativ…\" · sponsor D-GA","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 6 days of HRES 649 \"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work t\", sponsored by Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2021-12-31","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HRES 649","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Congress should work to eliminate the facilitated sexual explo","introducedDate":"2022-01-06","daysDiff":-6,"sponsorName":"Rep. Barrow, John [D-GA-12]","sponsorBioguide":"B001252","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"GA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HRES%20649"]},{"id":"P15_N000192_xyttvc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,219 donation spike on 2022-08-02 — 14.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-02 this committee recorded $75,219 across 49 contributions — 14.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,211.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00636670","date":"2022-08-02","amount":75219,"count":49,"baseline":5211,"ratio":14.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636670/"]},{"id":"P17_N000192_FDX_2021-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-03-22 and 2021-03-29, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on FDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2021-03-22","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000192","name":"Marie Newman"},{"bioguideId":"F000246","name":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon"}],"span":"2021-03-22 to 2021-03-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000192_SNAP_2021-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold SNAP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-02-19 and 2021-02-25, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on SNAP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNAP","date":"2021-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SNAP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"N000192","name":"Marie Newman"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2021-02-19 to 2021-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000192_BABA_2021-01-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-01-22 and 2021-01-28, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-01-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"N000192","name":"Marie Newman"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"}],"span":"2021-01-22 to 2021-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000192_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"111 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marie Newman executed 111 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2022-11-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2022-02-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZM","date":"2022-01-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2022-01-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2022 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-10-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Information Security Controls: Cybersecurity Items; Delay of Effective Date","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2022-01-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000192_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marie Newman executed 11 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2021-09-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2021-09-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","date":"2021-08-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2021-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Virginia Peninsula Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2021-08-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Procedures for the Commission's Use of Certain Authorities Under Rule 21F-3(b)(3) and Rule 21F-6 of the Securities Excha","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2021-08-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000192_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marie Newman executed 13 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-04-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-04-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2021-03-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2021-03-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"New Animal Drugs; Approval of New Animal Drug Applications","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2021-04-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Medicare Coverage of Innovative Technology (MCIT) and Definition of “Reasonable and Necessary”; Delay ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000192_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marie Newman executed 18 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":4,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2021-04-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2021-04-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-4,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2021-03-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-7,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Montana Rail Link, Inc.-Petition for Rulemaking-Classification of Carriers","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Montana Rail Link, Inc.-Petition for Rulemaking-Classification of Carriers","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000192_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marie Newman executed 8 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2021-03-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2021-02-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2021-01-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2021-01-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Brorphine in Schedule I","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration","date":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; International Aero Engines AG Turbofan Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-01-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000192_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marie Newman executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-01-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-01-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Design Criteria for Dam and Lake Projects","agency":"Defense Department, Engineers Corps","date":"2021-01-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Screening the Ready Reserve","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-12-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_N000192_1k1bo3","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Marie Newman sits on committees overseeing Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2021-03-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":21811577.12,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2021-03-26","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["National Transportation Safety Board","Department of Transportation","Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-01-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_N000192","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"24% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 279 disclosed trades, 66 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.7× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":66,"total":279,"rate":23.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.67}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_N000192","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Marie Newman sits on committees regulating Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance and actively trades in Technology, Finance, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":111},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":11},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":21}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_N000192","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Technology)","explanation":"Marie Newman has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Technology","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_N000192_NFLX_20210827","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2021-Q3 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in NFLX during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC., NETFLIX INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-27","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC.","NETFLIX INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210802","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2021-Q3 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in TSLA during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-02","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210706","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2021-Q3 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a buy in TSLA during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-06","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210702","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2021-Q3 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in TSLA during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-02","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210430","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2021-Q2 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a buy in TSLA during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-30","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210422","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2021-Q2 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in TSLA during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-22","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210419","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2021-Q2 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a buy in TSLA during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-19","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_NFLX_20210412","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2021-Q2 while NETFLIX INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a buy in NFLX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX INC, NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-12","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX INC","NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_NFLX_20210409","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2021-Q2 while NETFLIX INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in NFLX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX INC, NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX INC","NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_NFLX_20210405","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2021-Q2 while NETFLIX INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a buy in NFLX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX INC, NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX INC","NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_NFLX_20210405","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2021-Q2 while NETFLIX INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in NFLX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX INC, NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX INC","NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_NFLX_20210401","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2021-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in NFLX during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-01","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210401","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2021-Q1 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in TSLA during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-01","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210329","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2021-Q1 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a buy in TSLA during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-29","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_TSLA_20210211","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2021-Q1 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a buy in TSLA during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-11","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_NFLX_20210125","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2021-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a buy in NFLX during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-25","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_N000192_NFLX_20210122","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2021-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Marie Newman executed a sell in NFLX during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-22","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_DIS_20210219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DIS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $DIS 1 day after a corporate insider (Parker Mary Jayne  (CIK 0001473846)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Parker Mary Jayne  (CIK 0001473846)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001744489-21-000048","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_TSLA_20210422","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-04-21","adsh":"0001771364-21-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_ETN_20210226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ETN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $ETN 1 day after a corporate insider (Connor Christopher M  (CIK 0001181680)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"Connor Christopher M  (CIK 0001181680)","filingDate":"2021-02-25","adsh":"0001551182-21-000033","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_TRV_20210205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TRV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $TRV 1 day after a corporate insider (Frey Daniel S.  (CIK 0001751992)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRV","filer":"Frey Daniel S.  (CIK 0001751992)","filingDate":"2021-02-04","adsh":"0001127602-21-003935","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_EA_20210204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $EA 1 day after a corporate insider (Bilbey Matthew  (CIK 0001741191)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EA","filer":"Bilbey Matthew  (CIK 0001741191)","filingDate":"2021-02-03","adsh":"0001127602-21-003768","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_R_20210319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $R 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $R 1 day after a corporate insider (BRC Partners Opportunity Fund, LP  (CIK 0001642765)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"R","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"R","filer":"BRC Partners Opportunity Fund, LP  (CIK 0001642765)","filingDate":"2021-03-18","adsh":"0001213900-21-016437","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_WMT_20210114","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $WMT 2 days after a corporate insider (Kumar Suresh  (CIK 0001781198)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Kumar Suresh  (CIK 0001781198)","filingDate":"2021-01-12","adsh":"0001127602-21-001538","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_XOM_20210205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $XOM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $XOM 2 days after a corporate insider (Zulkiflee Wan  (CIK 0001843797)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Zulkiflee Wan  (CIK 0001843797)","filingDate":"2021-02-03","adsh":"0001127602-21-003653","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_XOM_20210108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $XOM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $XOM 2 days after a corporate insider (Braly Angela F  (CIK 0001321458)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Braly Angela F  (CIK 0001321458)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-000915","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_GM_20210115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $GM 2 days after a corporate insider (Carlisle Stephen K.  (CIK 0001817794)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GM","filer":"Carlisle Stephen K.  (CIK 0001817794)","filingDate":"2021-01-13","adsh":"0001467858-21-000022","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_W_20210820","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $W 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $W 2 days after a corporate insider (ONEX CORP  (CIK 0000937226)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"ONEX CORP  (CIK 0000937226)","filingDate":"2021-08-18","adsh":"0000895345-21-000736","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_PTON_20210212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PTON 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $PTON 2 days after a corporate insider (Boone Karen  (CIK 0001561290)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PTON","filer":"Boone Karen  (CIK 0001561290)","filingDate":"2021-02-10","adsh":"0001639825-21-000030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_CHWY_20210108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CHWY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $CHWY 2 days after a corporate insider (Helfrick Susan  (CIK 0001777084)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHWY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHWY","filer":"Helfrick Susan  (CIK 0001777084)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-000982","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_TRUP_20210521","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TRUP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $TRUP 2 days after a corporate insider (Tooth Margaret  (CIK 0001657025)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRUP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRUP","filer":"Tooth Margaret  (CIK 0001657025)","filingDate":"2021-05-19","adsh":"0001371285-21-000158","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_MCD_20210108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MCD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $MCD 3 days after a corporate insider (Georgiadis Mary Margaret Hastings  (CIK 0001401333)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Georgiadis Mary Margaret Hastings  (CIK 0001401333)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001567619-21-000163","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_MSFT_20210122","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $MSFT 3 days after a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2021-01-19","adsh":"0001760862-21-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_TSLA_20210322","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $TSLA 3 days after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-03-19","adsh":"0001771364-21-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_MRNA_20210129","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MRNA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $MRNA 3 days after a corporate insider (Andres Juan  (CIK 0001760670)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRNA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRNA","filer":"Andres Juan  (CIK 0001760670)","filingDate":"2021-01-26","adsh":"0001127602-21-002587","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_MRNA_20210108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MRNA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $MRNA 3 days after a corporate insider (Andres Juan  (CIK 0001760670)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRNA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRNA","filer":"Andres Juan  (CIK 0001760670)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001127602-21-000619","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_W_20210319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $W 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $W 3 days after a corporate insider (Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)","filingDate":"2021-03-16","adsh":"0001209191-21-020957","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_ATVI_20210806","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ATVI 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $ATVI 3 days after a corporate insider (Macartney Claudine  (CIK 0001712088)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATVI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATVI","filer":"Macartney Claudine  (CIK 0001712088)","filingDate":"2021-08-03","adsh":"0001352027-21-000065","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_LMND_20210315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMND 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $LMND 3 days after a corporate insider (Peters John Sheldon  (CIK 0001816299)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMND","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMND","filer":"Peters John Sheldon  (CIK 0001816299)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0001691421-21-000028","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_TGNA_20210412","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TGNA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $TGNA 3 days after a corporate insider (Witmer Melinda  (CIK 0001511674)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGNA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGNA","filer":"Witmer Melinda  (CIK 0001511674)","filingDate":"2021-04-09","adsh":"0001214659-21-004094","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_KR_20210201","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KR 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $KR 4 days after a corporate insider (SODERBERG SHAWN MARIE  (CIK 0001591851)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"SODERBERG SHAWN MARIE  (CIK 0001591851)","filingDate":"2021-01-28","adsh":"0001209191-21-005921","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_COIN_20221121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COIN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $COIN 4 days after a corporate insider (Lutke Tobias  (CIK 0001666546)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"Lutke Tobias  (CIK 0001666546)","filingDate":"2022-11-17","adsh":"0001679788-22-000121","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000192_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+12 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Marie Newman accumulated 37 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 12 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":12,"totalRaw":37}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_CCL_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CCL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $CCL 1 day before a corporate insider (Anderson Peter C.  (CIK 0001835123)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCL","filer":"Anderson Peter C.  (CIK 0001835123)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_FB_20210802","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (Green Kristen  (CIK 0001770152)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Green Kristen  (CIK 0001770152)","filingDate":"2021-08-03","adsh":"0000899243-21-031414"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_PTON_20210401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PTON 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $PTON 1 day before a corporate insider (Garavaglia Mariana  (CIK 0001816415)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PTON","filer":"Garavaglia Mariana  (CIK 0001816415)","filingDate":"2021-04-02","adsh":"0001639825-21-000129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_TWTR_20210121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TWTR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $TWTR 1 day before a corporate insider (Montano Michael  (CIK 0001747295)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TWTR","filer":"Montano Michael  (CIK 0001747295)","filingDate":"2021-01-22","adsh":"0001418091-21-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_CCL_20210208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CCL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $CCL 2 days before a corporate insider (Anderson Peter C.  (CIK 0001835123)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCL","filer":"Anderson Peter C.  (CIK 0001835123)","filingDate":"2021-02-10","adsh":"0001127602-21-004801"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_TSLA_20210719","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $TSLA 2 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-07-21","adsh":"0001771364-21-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_TSLA_20210419","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $TSLA 2 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-04-21","adsh":"0001771364-21-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_TSLA_20210217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $TSLA 2 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-02-19","adsh":"0001771364-21-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_COIN_20221121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COIN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $COIN 2 days before a corporate insider (HAAS ALESIA J  (CIK 0001668711)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"HAAS ALESIA J  (CIK 0001668711)","filingDate":"2022-11-23","adsh":"0001679788-22-000130"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_SNAP_20210208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SNAP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $SNAP 2 days before a corporate insider (Coles Joanna  (CIK 0001699323)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNAP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNAP","filer":"Coles Joanna  (CIK 0001699323)","filingDate":"2021-02-10","adsh":"0001209191-21-009486"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_W_20210126","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $W 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $W 2 days before a corporate insider (Newman James W. Jr.  (CIK 0001718364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"Newman James W. Jr.  (CIK 0001718364)","filingDate":"2021-01-28","adsh":"0001213900-21-005041"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_PTON_20210908","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PTON 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $PTON 2 days before a corporate insider (Thomas-Graham Pamela  (CIK 0001327431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PTON","filer":"Thomas-Graham Pamela  (CIK 0001327431)","filingDate":"2021-09-10","adsh":"0001639825-21-000290"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_PTON_20210208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PTON 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $PTON 2 days before a corporate insider (Boone Karen  (CIK 0001561290)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PTON","filer":"Boone Karen  (CIK 0001561290)","filingDate":"2021-02-10","adsh":"0001639825-21-000030"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_CHWY_20210405","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CHWY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $CHWY 2 days before a corporate insider (Marte Mario Jesus  (CIK 0001777085)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHWY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHWY","filer":"Marte Mario Jesus  (CIK 0001777085)","filingDate":"2021-04-07","adsh":"0001127602-21-013467"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_CHWY_20210201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CHWY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $CHWY 2 days before a corporate insider (Helfrick Susan  (CIK 0001777084)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHWY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHWY","filer":"Helfrick Susan  (CIK 0001777084)","filingDate":"2021-02-03","adsh":"0001127602-21-003694"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_CHWY_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CHWY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $CHWY 2 days before a corporate insider (Helfrick Susan  (CIK 0001777084)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHWY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHWY","filer":"Helfrick Susan  (CIK 0001777084)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-000982"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_LMND_20210315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LMND 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $LMND 2 days before a corporate insider (Seidman Becker Caryn  (CIK 0001466453)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMND","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMND","filer":"Seidman Becker Caryn  (CIK 0001466453)","filingDate":"2021-03-17","adsh":"0001691421-21-000032"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_LMND_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMND 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $LMND 2 days before a corporate insider (Peters John Sheldon  (CIK 0001816299)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMND","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMND","filer":"Peters John Sheldon  (CIK 0001816299)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001691421-21-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_IBM_20210329","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IBM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $IBM 3 days before a corporate insider (LIVERIS ANDREW N  (CIK 0001269971)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBM","filer":"LIVERIS ANDREW N  (CIK 0001269971)","filingDate":"2021-04-01","adsh":"0001562180-21-002517"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_TSLA_20210618","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $TSLA 3 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-06-21","adsh":"0001771364-21-000008"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_ETN_20210226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ETN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $ETN 3 days before a corporate insider (RUIZ STERNADT PAULO  (CIK 0001773340)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"RUIZ STERNADT PAULO  (CIK 0001773340)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001551182-21-000087"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_TRV_20210205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TRV 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $TRV 3 days before a corporate insider (Third Rock Ventures III, L.P.  (CIK 0001569705)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRV","filer":"Third Rock Ventures III, L.P.  (CIK 0001569705)","filingDate":"2021-02-08","adsh":"0000899243-21-005161"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_FDX_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FDX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman sell $FDX 3 days before a corporate insider (SMITH FREDERICK W  (CIK 0001197611)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FDX","filer":"SMITH FREDERICK W  (CIK 0001197611)","filingDate":"2021-01-07","adsh":"0001127602-21-001208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_CHWY_20210301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHWY 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $CHWY 3 days before a corporate insider (Bowman Stacy  (CIK 0001778320)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHWY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHWY","filer":"Bowman Stacy  (CIK 0001778320)","filingDate":"2021-03-04","adsh":"0001127602-21-009411"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_CHWY_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHWY 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Marie Newman buy $CHWY 3 days before a corporate insider (Mehta Satish  (CIK 0001778095)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHWY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHWY","filer":"Mehta Satish  (CIK 0001778095)","filingDate":"2021-02-19","adsh":"0001127602-21-006753"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000192_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+38 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Marie Newman accumulated 63 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 38 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":38,"totalRaw":63}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P65_N000192_2021-02-05","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"28 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-02-05 — 18 unique tickers","explanation":"Marie Newman executed 28 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-02-05 to 2021-02-12), spanning 18 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-02-05","windowEnd":"2021-02-12","tradeCount":28,"uniqueTickers":18,"totalDisclosedTrades":279,"sampleTickers":["IBM","XOM","YETI","CCL","TRV","CHWY","MET","AAPL","ZM","PTON"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_N000192","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 86 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Marie Newman appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 86 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); lobbying timeline trade (17); reg rule trade proximity (6); coordinated trade cluster (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":86,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/N000192","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_N000192","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marie Newman executed 121 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL COIN (0d apart)","explanation":"Marie Newman has 121 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL COIN 2021-04-16 → 2021-04-16 (0d) · BUY→SELL COIN 2021-07-23 → 2021-07-30 (7d) · SELL→BUY COIN 2021-08-13 → 2021-08-13 (0d) · SELL→BUY COIN 2021-11-05 → 2021-11-09 (4d) · BUY→SELL COIN 2021-11-09 → 2021-11-09 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":121,"samples":[{"ticker":"COIN","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-04-16","date2":"2021-04-16","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"COIN","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-07-23","date2":"2021-07-30","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"COIN","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-08-13","date2":"2021-08-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"COIN","days":4,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-11-05","date2":"2021-11-09","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"COIN","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-09","date2":"2021-11-09","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"COIN","days":9,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-11-09","date2":"2021-11-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"COIN","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-18","date2":"2021-12-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"COIN","days":28,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-12-07","date2":"2022-01-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_N000192","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marie Newman triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Marie Newman accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":14}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_N000192_2021-02-19","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marie Newman — 11 trades on 2021-02-19","explanation":"Marie Newman disclosed 11 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-02-19). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-02-19","count":11}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_N000192","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marie Newman — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (279/279)","explanation":"Marie Newman's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":279,"atBracket":279,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_N000192","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marie Newman — 60 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Marie Newman has traded 60 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":60,"sample":["COIN","ATVI","ZM","AAPL","BBY","CRM","HIPO","DIS","RIVN","AMZN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_N000192_TSLA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marie Newman — 24 disclosed trades in single ticker TSLA","explanation":"Marie Newman traded TSLA on 24 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the TSLA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"TSLA","count":24}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_N000192","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marie Newman — 3 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Marie Newman has traded 3 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":3,"tickers":["COIN","ZM","RIVN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000246":[{"id":"P1_F000246_wa4kwv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL TWTR 4d BEFORE SRES 369 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of student d…\"","explanation":"Member traded TWTR (Technology) within 4 days of SRES 369 \"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Di\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","date":"2022-10-31","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 369","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of student data privacy and recognizing Digital Learning Day.","introducedDate":"2022-11-04","daysDiff":-4}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20369"]},{"id":"P1_F000246_ucare1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TWTR 12d after SRES 309 — \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Intern…\" · sponsor D-OR","explanation":"Member traded TWTR (Technology) within 12 days of SRES 309 \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small bus\", sponsored by Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","date":"2022-01-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 309","title":"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small businesses.","introducedDate":"2022-01-12","daysDiff":12,"sponsorName":"Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]","sponsorBioguide":"W000779","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"OR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20309"]},{"id":"P1_F000246_q6yq6n","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY TWTR 7d after SRES 309 — \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Intern…\" · sponsor D-OR","explanation":"Member traded TWTR (Technology) within 7 days of SRES 309 \"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small bus\", sponsored by Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","date":"2022-01-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 309","title":"A resolution supporting the preservation of Internet entrepreneurs and small businesses.","introducedDate":"2022-01-12","daysDiff":7,"sponsorName":"Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]","sponsorBioguide":"W000779","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"OR","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20309"]},{"id":"P1_F000246_40p00p","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY BA 14d BEFORE HR 1034 — \"To amend title 36, United States Code, to designat…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded BA (Defense) within 14 days of HR 1034 \"To amend title 36, United States Code, to designate the Honor and Remember Flag \", sponsored by Rep. Forbes, J. Randy [R-VA-4].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-04-05","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1034","title":"To amend title 36, United States Code, to designate the Honor and Remember Flag created by Honor and Remember, Inc., as ","introducedDate":"2021-04-19","daysDiff":-14,"sponsorName":"Rep. Forbes, J. Randy [R-VA-4]","sponsorBioguide":"F000445","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201034"]},{"id":"P2_F000246_4xld5z","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATI gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (COGNIZANT PAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (COGNIZANT PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Oversight and Reform","Oversight and Reform","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000246","https://fallon.house.gov/about/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pat-fallon/"]},{"id":"P2_F000246_9fajpl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Oversight and Reform","Oversight and Reform","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000246","https://fallon.house.gov/about/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pat-fallon/"]},{"id":"P2_F000246_4sg1e2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $4,000 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Oversight and Reform","Oversight and Reform","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000246","https://fallon.house.gov/about/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-pat-fallon/"]},{"id":"P3_F000246_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 82% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 9 times (82%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":9,"yesRate":82},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":2,"sells":0,"netBuy":2,"total":2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_F000246_tyaquw","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,217,169 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Reason To Believe PAC","explanation":"Reason To Believe PAC spent $3,217,169 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00730317","name":"Reason To Believe PAC","support":3217169,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00730317/"]},{"id":"P6_F000246_uu2eil","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$614,382 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FLORIDIANS FOR A STRONG MIDDLE CLASS","explanation":"FLORIDIANS FOR A STRONG MIDDLE CLASS spent $614,382 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00577049","name":"FLORIDIANS FOR A STRONG MIDDLE CLASS","support":614382.1799999999,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00577049/"]},{"id":"P7_F000246_42yrtz","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $14,891,839 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $14,891,839 opposing this member across 70 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":14891838.8,"totalSupport":3832879.32,"events":70,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DSCC","oppose":9868563.8},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":5023275}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_F000246_ba1jwy","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 9%)","explanation":"Of $3,267,210 in itemized individual contributions, $1,987,124 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3267209.5300000003,"buckets":{"$200 and under":279105.4,"$200.01-$499":157596.1,"$500-$999":223602.05,"$1000-$1999":619782,"$2000 and over":1987123.98},"megaShare":60.8,"smallDonorShare":8.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_F000246_63cgyy","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100% of itemized donations from outside TX","explanation":"Only $0 of $1,954,087 itemized individual contributions came from TX. The rest — $1,954,087 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"TX","homeStateTotal":0,"outOfStateTotal":1954087,"outOfStateShare":100,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"MA024","amount":461839},{"stateZip3":"MA021","amount":447661},{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":93874},{"stateZip3":"MA020","amount":66406},{"stateZip3":"DC200","amount":58489}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000246_FDX_2021-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-03-22 and 2021-03-29, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on FDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2021-03-22","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000192","name":"Marie Newman"},{"bioguideId":"F000246","name":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon"}],"span":"2021-03-22 to 2021-03-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000246_AAL_2021-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-03-16 and 2021-03-23, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-03-16","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000590","name":"Mark E. Green"},{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"F000246","name":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon"}],"span":"2021-03-16 to 2021-03-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000246_AAL_2021-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-03-18 and 2021-03-24, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-03-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"F000246","name":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon"},{"bioguideId":"G000590","name":"Mark E. Green"}],"span":"2021-03-18 to 2021-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000246_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"66 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed 66 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","date":"2022-10-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","date":"2022-01-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","date":"2022-01-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","date":"2021-12-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-10-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Electronic Submission of a Sequence Listing, a Large Table, or a Computer Program Listing Appendix in Patent Application","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2021-12-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000246_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed 16 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2021-11-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-17,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-10-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2021-10-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2021-10-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Petition for Rulemaking-Railroad Consolidation Procedures-Exemption for Emergency Temporary Trackage Rights","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-12-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Internal Personnel Rules and Practices of the NTSB","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2021-10-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000246_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed 16 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2021-10-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2021-10-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2021-08-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2021-06-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fluazinam; Pesticide Tolerances","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2021-09-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Camden Labor Day Fireworks, Camden Harbor; Camden, ME","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2021-09-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000246_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed 12 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-10-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-06-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-04-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-04-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2021-09-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Voluntary Education Programs","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2021-05-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000246_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","date":"2021-05-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","date":"2021-01-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act Disclosure","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Qualified Transportation Fringe, Transportation and Commuting Expenses Under Section 274","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-12-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000246_5jtzno","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon campaign paid $385,720 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: FALLON PARK CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon's campaign paid 30 disbursements totaling $385,720 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FALLON PARK CONSULTING LLC","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FALLON PARK CONSULTING LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2025-12-16","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FALLON, BRIAN","total":75800,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FALLON, BRIAN","amount":20000,"date":"2017-03-09","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"FALLON, BRIAN","amount":20000,"date":"2017-04-12","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"FALLON, BRIAN","amount":15000,"date":"2024-04-29","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FALLON RESEARCH","total":46500,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FALLON RESEARCH","amount":17000,"date":"2008-02-04","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FALLON RESEARCH","amount":8500,"date":"2006-03-17","description":"REP PRIMARY VOTER SURVEY","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FALLON RESEARCH","amount":8000,"date":"2018-10-23","description":"NON FEDERAL IE- POLLING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FALLON RESEARCH & COMMUNICATIONS","total":43900,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FALLON RESEARCH & COMMUNICATIONS","amount":12000,"date":"2006-10-20","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FALLON RESEARCH & COMMUNICATIONS","amount":10000,"date":"2006-08-10","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FALLON RESEARCH & COMMUNICATIONS","amount":10000,"date":"2006-07-13","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STRICKLAND, FALLON","total":33483.65,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"STRICKLAND, FALLON","amount":6742.33,"date":"2026-01-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"STRICKLAND, FALLON","amount":6685.33,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"STRICKLAND, FALLON","amount":6685.33,"date":"2025-11-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLURE, FALLON","total":22143.1,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLURE, FALLON","amount":14343.1,"date":"2025-10-27","description":"PERSONNEL FROM NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MCCLURE, FALLON","amount":7800,"date":"2025-12-03","description":"PERSONNEL FROM NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"fallon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FALLON%20PARK%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P31_F000246_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $3,832,879 supporting member — 1.4× their own $2,751,982 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.4×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":3832879.32,"events":70},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":2751982},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.39},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"DSCC","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"NRSC","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Reason To Believe PAC","support":3217169}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_F000246","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"52% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 8.1× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 171 disclosed trades, 89 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 8.1× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":89,"total":171,"rate":52},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":8.08}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_F000246","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sits on committees regulating Defense, Technology and actively trades in Technology, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Technology"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":66},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":12}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000246","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 25 total findings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":25,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20211018","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2021-Q4 while CHEVRON, USA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in CVX during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON, USA, INC., CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-18","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_AAPL_20210719","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q3 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-19","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20210629","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2021-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in CVX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-29","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20210628","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2021-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in CVX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-28","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_MSFT_20210621","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2021-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in MSFT during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-21","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20210527","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2021-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in CVX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-27","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_MSFT_20210526","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20210518","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2021-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in CVX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-18","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20210420","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2021-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in CVX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_AAPL_20210420","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2021-Q2 while APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in AAPL during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT","APPLE INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_AAPL_20210419","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q2 while APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-19","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT","APPLE INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_MSFT_20210419","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2021-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in MSFT during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-19","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_AAPL_20210419","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q2 while APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-19","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLETON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT","APPLE INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_UNH_20210405","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2021-Q2 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in UNH during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC., UNITEDHEALTH GROUP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20210405","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2021-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in CVX during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_BA_20210405","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of BA in 2021-Q2 while BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in BA during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BOEING COMPANY, BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["BOEING COMPANY","BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION","THE BOEING COMPANY (F.N.A. AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_BA_20210322","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BA in 2021-Q1 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in BA during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, BOEING COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-22","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING COMPANY","BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20210322","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2021-Q1 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in CVX during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-22","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_MSFT_20210223","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_BA_20210223","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of BA in 2021-Q1 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in BA during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, BOEING COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING COMPANY","BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_AAPL_20210223","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2021-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in AAPL during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_CVX_20210223","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2021-Q1 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in CVX during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_BA_20210222","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BA in 2021-Q1 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in BA during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, BOEING COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING COMPANY","BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_AAPL_20210222","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2021-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a buy in AAPL during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_MSFT_20210217","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2021-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed a sell in MSFT during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-17","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_CVX_20210223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CVX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $CVX 1 day after a corporate insider (HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)","filingDate":"2021-02-22","adsh":"0001127602-21-007050","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_VZ_20210420","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $VZ 1 day after a corporate insider (Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)","filingDate":"2021-04-19","adsh":"0001062993-21-003708","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_VZ_20210323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $VZ 1 day after a corporate insider (Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)","filingDate":"2021-03-22","adsh":"0001062993-21-002879","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_AAL_20210223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $AAL 1 day after a corporate insider (PARKER W DOUGLAS  (CIK 0001249552)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAL","filer":"PARKER W DOUGLAS  (CIK 0001249552)","filingDate":"2021-02-22","adsh":"0001225208-21-003309","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_PYPL_20211119","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PYPL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $PYPL 2 days after a corporate insider (Donahoe John J  (CIK 0001321240)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Donahoe John J  (CIK 0001321240)","filingDate":"2021-11-17","adsh":"0001633917-21-000181","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_CRWD_20210624","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CRWD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $CRWD 2 days after a corporate insider (Maheshwari Abhishek  (CIK 0001808557)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWD","filer":"Maheshwari Abhishek  (CIK 0001808557)","filingDate":"2021-06-22","adsh":"0000950103-21-009204","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_CRM_20210527","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $CRM 3 days after a corporate insider (Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)","filingDate":"2021-05-24","adsh":"0001127602-21-017928","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_DIS_20210405","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DIS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $DIS 3 days after a corporate insider (deSouza Francis A  (CIK 0001520943)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"deSouza Francis A  (CIK 0001520943)","filingDate":"2021-04-02","adsh":"0001744489-21-000085","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_MSFT_20210419","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $MSFT 3 days after a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2021-04-16","adsh":"0001062993-21-003692","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_VZ_20210408","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VZ 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $VZ 3 days after a corporate insider (Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)","filingDate":"2021-04-05","adsh":"0001611593-21-000015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_VZ_20211119","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VZ 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $VZ 4 days after a corporate insider (Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)","filingDate":"2021-11-15","adsh":"0001062993-21-010793","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_PYPL_20210223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PYPL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $PYPL 5 days after a corporate insider (Alford Peggy  (CIK 0001736236)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Alford Peggy  (CIK 0001736236)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001633917-21-000046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_BA_20211004","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $BA 5 days after a corporate insider (Dandridge Edward Lee  (CIK 0001825015)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Dandridge Edward Lee  (CIK 0001825015)","filingDate":"2021-09-29","adsh":"0001225208-21-012591","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_F000246_FDX_20211004","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FDX 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $FDX 5 days after a corporate insider (WALSH PAUL S  (CIK 0001197616)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FDX","filer":"WALSH PAUL S  (CIK 0001197616)","filingDate":"2021-09-29","adsh":"0001127602-21-026046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_SQ_20211004","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SQ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $SQ 1 day before a corporate insider (Henry Alyssa  (CIK 0001658470)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Henry Alyssa  (CIK 0001658470)","filingDate":"2021-10-05","adsh":"0001209191-21-059625"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_FB_20210524","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (McWhorter Stuart C  (CIK 0001424592)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"McWhorter Stuart C  (CIK 0001424592)","filingDate":"2021-05-25","adsh":"0001649749-21-000110"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_CVX_20210527","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CVX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $CVX 1 day before a corporate insider (Umpleby III Donald J  (CIK 0001566320)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"Umpleby III Donald J  (CIK 0001566320)","filingDate":"2021-05-28","adsh":"0001127602-21-018342"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_BA_20211004","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $BA 1 day before a corporate insider (Harris Stayce D.  (CIK 0001860749)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Harris Stayce D.  (CIK 0001860749)","filingDate":"2021-10-05","adsh":"0001225208-21-012939"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_UNH_20210405","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNH 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $UNH 2 days before a corporate insider (FOX SAUL A  (CIK 0001099187)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"FOX SAUL A  (CIK 0001099187)","filingDate":"2021-04-07","adsh":"0001209191-21-025978"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_PYPL_20211115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PYPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $PYPL 2 days before a corporate insider (Donahoe John J  (CIK 0001321240)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Donahoe John J  (CIK 0001321240)","filingDate":"2021-11-17","adsh":"0001633917-21-000181"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_AAPL_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $AAPL 2 days before a corporate insider (WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)","filingDate":"2021-02-25","adsh":"0000320193-21-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_FB_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $FB 3 days before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2021-02-26","adsh":"0001649749-21-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_TWTR_20211004","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TWTR 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $TWTR 3 days before a corporate insider (Montano Michael  (CIK 0001747295)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TWTR","filer":"Montano Michael  (CIK 0001747295)","filingDate":"2021-10-07","adsh":"0001418091-21-000192"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_AMAT_20210405","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMAT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $AMAT 4 days before a corporate insider (ADDIEGO GINETTO  (CIK 0001318062)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"ADDIEGO GINETTO  (CIK 0001318062)","filingDate":"2021-04-09","adsh":"0001127602-21-013578"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_TWTR_20211119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TWTR 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $TWTR 4 days before a corporate insider (Montano Michael  (CIK 0001747295)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TWTR","filer":"Montano Michael  (CIK 0001747295)","filingDate":"2021-11-23","adsh":"0001418091-21-000229"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_VZ_20210706","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)","filingDate":"2021-07-12","adsh":"0001062993-21-006444"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_VZ_20210526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)","filingDate":"2021-06-01","adsh":"0001062993-21-005151"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_AAL_20210526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $AAL 6 days before a corporate insider (Rose Crystal  (CIK 0001319052)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAL","filer":"Rose Crystal  (CIK 0001319052)","filingDate":"2021-06-01","adsh":"0001127602-21-018445"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_MSFT_20210526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $MSFT 7 days before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001062993-21-005309"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_BA_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $BA 7 days before a corporate insider (Verbeck Robert E  (CIK 0001604570)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Verbeck Robert E  (CIK 0001604570)","filingDate":"2021-03-02","adsh":"0001225208-21-004351"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_DOCU_20210602","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DOCU 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $DOCU 7 days before a corporate insider (Solvik Peter  (CIK 0001686308)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOCU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOCU","filer":"Solvik Peter  (CIK 0001686308)","filingDate":"2021-06-09","adsh":"0001261333-21-000112"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_MSFT_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-002319"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_CRWD_20210624","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CRWD 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon sell $CRWD 8 days before a corporate insider (Watzinger Gerhard  (CIK 0001445832)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRWD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRWD","filer":"Watzinger Gerhard  (CIK 0001445832)","filingDate":"2021-07-02","adsh":"0000950103-21-010065"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_CVX_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CVX 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $CVX 8 days before a corporate insider (MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001127602-21-009167"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000246_TWTR_20220124","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TWTR 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon buy $TWTR 10 days before a corporate insider (Personette Sarah  (CIK 0001667675)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TWTR","filer":"Personette Sarah  (CIK 0001667675)","filingDate":"2022-02-03","adsh":"0001418091-22-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_F000246_2021-09-22_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 12 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon delivered a 1088-word floor speech on 2021-09-22 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise in opposition to amendment 35, and I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. The amendment would establish an online public directory of political ap- pointees at the Office o…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-09-22","chamber":"House","wordCount":1088,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise in opposition to amendment 35, and I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. The amendment would establish an online public directory of political ap- pointees at the Office o","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/22/167/164/CREC-2021-09-22-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/09/22/167/164/CREC-2021-09-22-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000246_2021-06-22_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BA 2 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon delivered a 207-word floor speech on 2021-06-22 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today to recognize the life of my god- father and uncle, William James Leavy—a life very well-lived, he passed away February 16, 2021. Bill Leavy was married to his wife, my aunt…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-06-22","chamber":"House","wordCount":207,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today to recognize the life of my god- father and uncle, William James Leavy—a life very well-lived, he passed away February 16, 2021. Bill Leavy was married to his wife, my aunt","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/06/22/167/108/CREC-2021-06-22-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/06/22/167/108/CREC-2021-06-22-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_F000246_2021-04-21_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon delivered a 299-word floor speech on 2021-04-21 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, the Biden infrastructure plan is another classic example of the old bait-and- switch. Much like the COVID relief bill, where only 9 percent of the $1.9 trillion price tag actually went…\"). The member sell $AMZN (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-04-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":299,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, the Biden infrastructure plan is another classic example of the old bait-and- switch. Much like the COVID relief bill, where only 9 percent of the $1.9 trillion price tag actually went ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/04/21/167/69/CREC-2021-04-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-21"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/04/21/167/69/CREC-2021-04-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_F000246","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $81,304.52","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon received campaign contributions totaling $81,304.52 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,679.2); RECALL RICK SNYDER PAC ($10,025.32); TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($9,600); TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC. ($8,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":81304.52,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13679.2,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SNYDER, RICK","ldaClient":"RECALL RICK SNYDER PAC","donorTotal":10025.32,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":9600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (TOYOTA/LEXUS PAC)","ldaClient":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC.","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_F000246_2021-04-19","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"25 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-04-19 — 13 unique tickers","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed 25 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-04-19 to 2021-04-20), spanning 13 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-04-19","windowEnd":"2021-04-20","tradeCount":25,"uniqueTickers":13,"totalDisclosedTrades":171,"sampleTickers":["AAPL","PYPL","MSFT","FDX","AMAT","CAT","DIS","AAL","AMZN","FB"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_F000246","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 94 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 94 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (28); insider front ran trade (21); insider followed trade (14); reg rule trade proximity (5); trade near vote (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":94,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":28},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":21},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000246","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_F000246","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Pat Fallon, Representative Chris Jacobs, an","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-pat-1/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Pat Fallon","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-pat/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-pat-1/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-pat/"]},{"id":"P90_F000246","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon's campaign paid $231,827 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: FALLON, BRIAN ($75,800)","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 24 payments totaling $231,827 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FALLON, BRIAN ($75,800 across 5 payments, services: NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING · COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2018, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":231826.74999999994,"paymentCount":24,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FALLON, BRIAN","total":75800,"count":5,"descriptions":["NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FALLON RESEARCH","total":46500,"count":5,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING","REP PRIMARY VOTER SURVEY","NON FEDERAL IE- POLLING"]},{"payee":"FALLON RESEARCH & COMMUNICATIONS","total":43900,"count":5,"descriptions":["POLLING","DWNPMT ON POLLING"]},{"payee":"STRICKLAND, FALLON","total":33483.65,"count":5,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"MCCLURE, FALLON","total":22143.1,"count":2,"descriptions":["PERSONNEL FROM NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT"]}],"surname":"fallon"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0TX04219&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_F000246","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.5M total receipts) — top: FALLON VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: FALLON VICTORY FUND (C00765552, $1.5M receipts, treasurer HUSTED, GEORGE). Active years: 4, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.54,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00765552","name":"FALLON VICTORY FUND","receipts":1538991,"treasurer":"HUSTED, GEORGE","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765552/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765552/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00765552/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_F000246","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.0M PAC / $5.5M total)","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.0M of $5.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.5,"pacSharePct":37,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0TX04219"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TX04219/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_F000246","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon disclosed 67 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 20 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL VZ $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon has filed 67 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 20 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL VZ $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-01-07 · BUY LUV $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-11-19 · BUY PYPL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-11-15 · SELL CVX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-10-18.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":67,"veryHighCount":20,"lowerBoundSum":10700067,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","date":"2022-01-07","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"LUV","action":"BUY","date":"2021-11-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","date":"2021-11-15","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","date":"2021-10-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CRWD","action":"SELL","date":"2021-10-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SQ","action":"BUY","date":"2021-10-04","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_F000246","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon executed 67 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY TWTR (0d apart)","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon has 67 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY TWTR 2021-11-19 → 2021-11-19 (0d) · BUY→SELL TWTR 2021-12-16 → 2021-12-16 (0d) · SELL→BUY VZ 2021-03-23 → 2021-03-23 (0d) · BUY→SELL VZ 2021-03-23 → 2021-04-07 (15d) · SELL→BUY VZ 2021-04-20 → 2021-04-20 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":67,"samples":[{"ticker":"TWTR","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-11-19","date2":"2021-11-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TWTR","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-12-16","date2":"2021-12-16","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"VZ","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-03-23","date2":"2021-03-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VZ","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-23","date2":"2021-04-07","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VZ","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-04-20","date2":"2021-04-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"LUV","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-05-27","date2":"2021-05-27","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LUV","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-06-29","date2":"2021-06-29","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PYPL","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-19","date2":"2021-01-19","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_F000246","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon triggers 26 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon accumulates 26 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":26,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_F000246_2021-04-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon — 18 trades on 2021-04-20","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon disclosed 18 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-04-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-04-20","count":18}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_F000246","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon — 88% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (151/171)","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 88% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":171,"atBracket":151,"pct":"88.3"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_F000246_CVX","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon — 16 disclosed trades in single ticker CVX","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon traded CVX on 16 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the CVX trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"CVX","count":16}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_F000246","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["CRWD","SQ"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P37_F000246_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon accumulated 28 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000246"]}],"S001190":[{"id":"P1_S001190_jxhpdy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL NFLX 3d BEFORE HR 6012 — \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded NFLX (Technology) within 3 days of HR 6012 \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain \", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2019-11-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206012"]},{"id":"P1_S001190_o8oy4g","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL FDX 4d BEFORE SRES 195 — \"A resolution commemorating the 150th anniversary o…\" · sponsor R-MA","explanation":"Member traded FDX (Transportation) within 4 days of SRES 195 \"A resolution commemorating the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Massachu\", sponsored by Sen. Brown, Scott P. [R-MA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2019-02-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 195","title":"A resolution commemorating the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambrid","introducedDate":"2019-02-23","daysDiff":-4,"sponsorName":"Sen. Brown, Scott P. [R-MA]","sponsorBioguide":"B001268","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"MA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20195"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_fxoqm6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL AC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_grvluj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICA gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_i31bsg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC'), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC')","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_x5cvd3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and 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Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign 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Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_3gs5oh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AXPPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AXPPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_f2b98q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES P gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_v5nr1m","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_qemiiu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_8ho51b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_trjkn7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC. POLITICAL ACTION C gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001190_k6lzol","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"QP HEALTH CARE SERVICES, LLC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from QP HEALTH CARE SERVICES, LLC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"QP HEALTH CARE SERVICES, LLC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Oversight and Government Reform","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Schneider","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001190","http://schneider.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_S001190_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$271,004 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $271,004 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":271003.73,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P7_S001190_s13akr","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,702,010 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,702,010 opposing this member across 205 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7702010.009999999,"totalSupport":351397.48,"events":205,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":7034252.949999999},{"name":"New Prosperity Foundation; The","oppose":277897.16000000003},{"name":"Defending Main Street SuperPAC Inc.","oppose":155725.36},{"name":"AMERICAN UNITY PAC INC","oppose":80609},{"name":"MOVEON.ORG POLITICAL ACTION","oppose":49438.689999999995}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001190_wxpr2t","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,221 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $90,221 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":90220.67,"oppose":0,"net":90220.67,"events":59,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":39161.2,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":20412.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":13350,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":6824.0199999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70005731","name":"SEIU HEALTHCARE ILLINOIS AND INDIANA","support":4544.16,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001190_4wojs7","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,115,118 / spent $1,026,513","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00655423","cmteName":"BRIDGE THE GAP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":70528.8,"totalDisbursements":47950.4,"cashOnHand":22578.35},{"cmteId":"C00655423","cmteName":"BRIDGE THE GAP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":193251,"totalDisbursements":210992.1,"cashOnHand":4837.29},{"cmteId":"C00655423","cmteName":"BRIDGE THE GAP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":179000,"totalDisbursements":153758.5,"cashOnHand":30078.8},{"cmteId":"C00655423","cmteName":"BRIDGE THE GAP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":406208,"totalDisbursements":389861.1,"cashOnHand":46425.66},{"cmteId":"C00655423","cmteName":"BRIDGE THE GAP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":266130,"totalDisbursements":223950.9,"cashOnHand":88604.77}],"totalRaised":1115117.8,"totalSpent":1026513}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001190_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12157 employees of RETIRED gave $2,307,476 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 12157× RETIRED = $2,307,476; 5920× SELF = $1,446,383. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":12157,"total":2307476,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":5920,"total":1446383,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2029"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001190_idd7t3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,882 donation spike on 2016-09-30 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-30 this committee recorded $77,882 across 236 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,947.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495952","date":"2016-09-30","amount":77882,"count":236,"baseline":10947,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495952/"]},{"id":"P15_S001190_3ox0mh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,485 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $72,485 across 75 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,310.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495952","date":"2015-06-30","amount":72485,"count":75,"baseline":8310,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495952/"]},{"id":"P15_S001190_pntmv0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,200 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $62,200 across 68 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,486.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495952","date":"2013-09-30","amount":62200,"count":68,"baseline":6486,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495952/"]},{"id":"P15_S001190_azh9lk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,753 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $58,753 across 72 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,877.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495952","date":"2014-06-30","amount":58753,"count":72,"baseline":8877,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495952/"]},{"id":"P15_S001190_x1no3z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,243 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $58,243 across 58 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,727.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495952","date":"2017-03-31","amount":58243,"count":58,"baseline":6727,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495952/"]},{"id":"P15_S001190_hu3agk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,434 donation spike on 2024-03-18 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-18 this committee recorded $56,434 across 37 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,288.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495952","date":"2024-03-18","amount":56434,"count":37,"baseline":7288,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495952/"]},{"id":"P15_S001190_wiiuob","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,253 donation spike on 2025-05-21 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-05-21 this committee recorded $54,253 across 40 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,789.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495952","date":"2025-05-21","amount":54253,"count":40,"baseline":4789,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495952/"]},{"id":"P17_S001190_LIN_2019-06-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-06-20 and 2019-06-24, 3 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2019-06-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001190","name":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"}],"span":"2019-06-20 to 2019-06-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001190_QCOM_2019-04-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-17 and 2019-04-24, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2019-04-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001190","name":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider"}],"span":"2019-04-17 to 2019-04-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001190_CELG_2017-10-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CELG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-20 and 2017-10-27, 3 members took the same direction on CELG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CELG","date":"2017-10-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CELG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"S001190","name":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2017-10-20 to 2017-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001190_qwakw3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider campaign paid $2,119,729 to 36 surname-matched vendors, top: LEVY RESTAURANTS","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider's campaign paid 61 disbursements totaling $2,119,729 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LEVY RESTAURANTS","total":590805.2499999999,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"LEVY RESTAURANTS","amount":99999,"date":"2024-07-12","description":"EVENT EXPENSE FOOD & BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LEVY RESTAURANTS","amount":77266.27,"date":"2024-07-08","description":"EVENT EXPENSE FOOD & BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LEVY RESTAURANTS","amount":67189.48,"date":"2024-07-12","description":"EVENT EXPENSE FOOD & BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LEVY PREMIUM FOOD SERVICE, LP","total":352948.42,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LEVY PREMIUM FOOD SERVICE, LP","amount":293154.75,"date":"2024-08-06","description":"FUNDRAISING EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LEVY PREMIUM FOOD SERVICE, LP","amount":59793.67,"date":"2024-09-04","description":"FUNDRAISING EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LEVY, LEORA","total":330877.32,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"LEVY, LEORA","amount":250000,"date":"2022-04-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LEVY, LEORA","amount":29225.56,"date":"2022-06-30","description":"CANDIDATE IN-KIND SEE MEMO ITEMS","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LEVY, LEORA","amount":27291.05,"date":"2022-06-30","description":"CANDIDATE IN-KIND - SEE MEMO ITEMS","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LEORA LEVY FOR U.S. SENATE, INC.","total":132837.22,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LEORA LEVY FOR U.S. SENATE, INC.","amount":58972.41,"date":"2022-10-21","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LEORA LEVY FOR U.S. SENATE, INC.","amount":50570.27,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LEORA LEVY FOR U.S. SENATE, INC.","amount":23294.54,"date":"2022-11-04","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LEVY-AMWAY ARENA-GROUP","total":126973.3,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LEVY-AMWAY ARENA-GROUP","amount":99999.99,"date":"2019-06-15","description":"AMEX PMT [SB21B.35321]: FACILITY RENTAL","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"LEVY-AMWAY ARENA-GROUP","amount":26973.31,"date":"2019-06-19","description":"AMEX PMT [SB21B.35321]: FACILITY RENTAL","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WRIGHT MARSH & LEVY","total":70464.84,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WRIGHT MARSH & LEVY","amount":70464.84,"date":"2023-05-24","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"levy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LEVY%20RESTAURANTS"]},{"id":"P20_S001190_miqjc0","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sits on committees overseeing Defense, Finance, Healthcare and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2019-06-20","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CDW","date":"2019-03-11","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","contractTotal":27304422.45,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S001190","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"15% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 131 disclosed trades, 20 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":20,"total":131,"rate":15.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":2.37}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_S001190","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sits on committees regulating Defense, Finance, Healthcare and actively trades in Finance, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":17},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001190","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 36 total findings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":36,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_S001190_MA_20190620","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2019-Q2 while MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in MA during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE, MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-20","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED","MASTERCARD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_GOOGL_20190620","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2019-Q2 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in GOOGL during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-20","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE","GOOGLE, INC. ON BEHALF OF X"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_AMZN_20190620","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2019-Q2 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in AMZN during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-20","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON","AMAZON WEB SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_MSFT_20190620","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2019-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in MSFT during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-20","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","FIDELIS GOVERNMENT RELATIONS (ON BEHALF OF MICROSOFT)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_AMZN_20190619","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2019-Q2 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in AMZN during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-19","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON","AMAZON WEB SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_MSFT_20190619","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2019-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in MSFT during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-19","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","FIDELIS GOVERNMENT RELATIONS (ON BEHALF OF MICROSOFT)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_MA_20190619","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2019-Q2 while MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in MA during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE, MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-19","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED","MASTERCARD"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_JPM_20180504","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2018-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in JPM during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-04","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_JPM_20180417","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2018-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in JPM during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-17","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_JPM_20171023","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2017-Q4 while JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a buy in JPM during 2017-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A., JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-23","quarter":"2017-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q4","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE BANK N.A.","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_GOOGL_20141218","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2014-Q4 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in GOOGL during 2014-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-12-18","quarter":"2014-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001190_GOOG_20141218","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOG in 2014-Q4 while GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed a sell in GOOG during 2014-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-12-18","quarter":"2014-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q4","matchedClients":["GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_S001190_TRUP_20200812","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TRUP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sell $TRUP 1 day after a corporate insider (Tooth Margaret  (CIK 0001657025)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRUP","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRUP","filer":"Tooth Margaret  (CIK 0001657025)","filingDate":"2020-08-11","adsh":"0001371285-20-000191","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001190_TRUP_20211207","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TRUP 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sell $TRUP 5 days after a corporate insider (LEVITAN DAN  (CIK 0001202435)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRUP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRUP","filer":"LEVITAN DAN  (CIK 0001202435)","filingDate":"2021-12-02","adsh":"0001371285-21-000314","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001190_TRUP_20200812","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TRUP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sell $TRUP 2 days before a corporate insider (LEVITAN DAN  (CIK 0001202435)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRUP","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRUP","filer":"LEVITAN DAN  (CIK 0001202435)","filingDate":"2020-08-14","adsh":"0001104659-20-095650"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001190_TRUP_20211210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TRUP 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sell $TRUP 5 days before a corporate insider (LOW MURRAY B  (CIK 0001231933)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRUP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRUP","filer":"LOW MURRAY B  (CIK 0001231933)","filingDate":"2021-12-15","adsh":"0001371285-21-000318"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_S001190_Elevance_Health_118887","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elevance Health testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2026-01-22 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee Hearing with Health Insurance CEOs\". The witness Ms. Gail Boudreaux (Elevance Health) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"118887","title":"Full Committee Hearing with Health Insurance CEOs","date":"2026-01-22T19:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Gail Boudreaux","witnessOrg":"Elevance Health","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118887"},{"source":"donor","name":"ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ELEVANCE%20HEALTH%2C%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118887","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ELEVANCE%20HEALTH%2C%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001190_Compassion_Home_Health_Care_118003","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Compassion Home Health Care testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"After the Hospital: Ensuring Access to Quality Post-Acute Care\". The witness Dr. Dana Madison (Compassion Home Health Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118003","title":"After the Hospital: Ensuring Access to Quality Post-Acute Care","date":"2025-03-11T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Dana Madison","witnessOrg":"Compassion Home Health Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118003"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118003","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001190_Duly_Health_Care_117466","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Duly Health & Care testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2024-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Improving Value-Based Care for Patients and Providers\". The witness Dr. Matthew Philip (Duly Health & Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"117466","title":"Improving Value-Based Care for Patients and Providers","date":"2024-06-26T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Matthew Philip","witnessOrg":"Duly Health & Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117466"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117466","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001190_National_Association_of_Profes_116290","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Professional Employer Organizations testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight — also a $7,500 donor","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight, which on 2023-07-27 held a hearing titled \"The Employee Retention Tax Credit Experience: Confusion, Delays, and Fraud\". The witness Mr. Pat Cleary (National Association of Professional Employer Organizations) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,500 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight","eventId":"116290","title":"The Employee Retention Tax Credit Experience: Confusion, Delays, and Fraud","date":"2023-07-27T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Pat Cleary","witnessOrg":"National Association of Professional Employer Organizations","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116290"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYER ORGANIZATIONS PAC (NAPEO PAC)","total":7500,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20PROFESSIONAL%20EMPLOYER%20ORGANIZATIONS%20PAC%20(NAPEO%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116290","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20PROFESSIONAL%20EMPLOYER%20ORGANIZATIONS%20PAC%20(NAPEO%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P49_S001190_2019-05-23_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TMO 28 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider delivered a 208-word floor speech on 2019-05-23 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, the American people sent a clear mes- sage that they want action to lower the cost and improve the quality of healthcare. I am pleased that, over the past month, this House has done ex-…\"). The member sell $TMO (a Healthcare-sector stock) 28 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-05-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":208,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, the American people sent a clear mes- sage that they want action to lower the cost and improve the quality of healthcare. I am pleased that, over the past month, this House has done ex-","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/23/CREC-2019-05-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/23/CREC-2019-05-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_S001190","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$90K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 43% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider received $90,220.67 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($39,161.2 = 43%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":90220.67,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":3610.31,"2012":24300.31,"2014":20218.050000000003,"2016":11800.619999999997,"2018":23090.26,"2024":7201.12},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":39161.2,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":20412.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":13350,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":6824.0199999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005731","name":"SEIU HEALTHCARE ILLINOIS AND INDIANA","support":4544.16,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005731/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S001190","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $217,500","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider received campaign contributions totaling $217,500 from 33 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 33 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL ($10,000); THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES, INC. AND ITS AFFILIAT ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC ($10,000); ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":33,"totalDollars":217500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES, INC. AND ITS AFFILIATES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC')","ldaClient":"CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001190","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $54,253 on 2025-05-21 (11.3× normal)","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $54,253 on 2025-05-21 — 11.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":54253,"maxRatio":11.3,"maxAmount":54253},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-05-21","amount":54253,"ratio":11.3,"baselineDaily":4789,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00495952","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00495952&min_date=2025-05-21&max_date=2025-05-21"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495952/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00495952&min_date=2025-05-21&max_date=2025-05-21"]},{"id":"P65_S001190_2019-06-19","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"23 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2019-06-19 — 16 unique tickers","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed 23 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2019-06-19 to 2019-06-20), spanning 16 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2019-06-19","windowEnd":"2019-06-20","tradeCount":23,"uniqueTickers":16,"totalDisclosedTrades":131,"sampleTickers":["AMZN","PGR","TTD","MSFT","MA","HD","TDOC","QCOM","FB","FISV"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001190","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 23 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 62 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider appears in 23 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 62 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 23 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (15); lobbying timeline trade (12); daily donation spike (7); hearing witness donor (4); coordinated trade cluster (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":23,"totalFindings":62,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":15},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001190","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P136_S001190","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.9M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider's FEC-bulk record shows $17.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $63.2M (PAC: $17.9M, individual: $44.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":63.2,"lifetimeIndividualM":44.09,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2IL10068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL10068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_S001190","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $63M across 16 cycles","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider's FEC-bulk record shows $63.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":63.2,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H2IL10068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL10068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_S001190","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider disclosed 99 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 23 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL TRUP $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider has filed 99 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 23 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL TRUP $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-12-17 · SELL TRUP $250,001 - $500,000 on 2020-08-12 · SELL FISV $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-06-20 · SELL TXN $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-06-20.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":99,"veryHighCount":23,"lowerBoundSum":13850099,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"TRUP","action":"SELL","date":"2020-12-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TRUP","action":"SELL","date":"2020-08-12","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"FISV","action":"SELL","date":"2019-06-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TXN","action":"SELL","date":"2019-06-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","date":"2019-06-20","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","date":"2019-06-20","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S001190","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider executed 10 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY TRUP (0d apart)","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider has 10 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY TRUP 2021-12-10 → 2021-12-10 (0d) · BUY→SELL FISV 2019-05-24 → 2019-06-19 (26d) · BUY→SELL PGR 2019-05-24 → 2019-06-19 (26d) · BUY→SELL CDW 2019-02-19 → 2019-03-11 (20d) · BUY→SELL ATR 2019-02-05 → 2019-03-05 (28d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":10,"samples":[{"ticker":"TRUP","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-12-10","date2":"2021-12-10","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"FISV","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-05-24","date2":"2019-06-19","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"PGR","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-05-24","date2":"2019-06-19","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"CDW","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-02-19","date2":"2019-03-11","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ATR","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-02-05","date2":"2019-03-05","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"LEN","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-11","date2":"2017-10-27","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LEN","days":25,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-21","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"DAL","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-12-12","date2":"2018-01-08","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001190","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 28 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 28 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":28}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001190_2019-06-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider — 13 trades on 2019-06-20","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider disclosed 13 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2019-06-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2019-06-20","count":13}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001190","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider — 58 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider has traded 58 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":58,"sample":["MFH","TRUP","NFLX","FISV","TXN","FB","MA","GOOGL","HD","DXCM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"B001274":[{"id":"P1_B001274_w5ngqh","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TFC 8d BEFORE HR 4068 — \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Tec…\" · sponsor R-AL","explanation":"Member traded TFC (Finance) within 8 days of HR 4068 \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of H\", sponsored by Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2020-02-02","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4068","title":"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of Homeland Security to contract with an ind","introducedDate":"2020-02-10","daysDiff":-8,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]","sponsorBioguide":"R000575","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204068"]},{"id":"P3_B001274_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 67% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 12 Energy bills, this member voted YES 8 times (67%). In the same period they made 12 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":12,"yesCount":8,"yesRate":67},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":12,"sells":1,"netBuy":11,"total":13}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001274_jb3ohk","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $5,026,027 in itemized individual contributions, $3,188,145 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5026027,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-209158,"$200.01-$499":343355,"$500-$999":555008,"$1000-$1999":1148677,"$2000 and over":3188145},"megaShare":63.4,"smallDonorShare":-4.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001274_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2959 employees of NONE gave $1,414,296 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2959× NONE = $1,414,296. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":2959,"total":1414296,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001274_ytrb54","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$300,796 donation spike on 2022-07-14 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-07-14 this committee recorded $300,796 across 118 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,476.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464149","date":"2022-07-14","amount":300796,"count":118,"baseline":21476,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001274_k5ah0m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,800 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 15.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $120,800 across 48 contributions — 15.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,823.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464149","date":"2021-03-31","amount":120800,"count":48,"baseline":7823,"ratio":15.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001274_k5dnwr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,350 donation spike on 2021-08-19 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-19 this committee recorded $88,350 across 98 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,497.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464149","date":"2021-08-19","amount":88350,"count":98,"baseline":10497,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001274_k5cdz6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,945 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 16.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $84,945 across 60 contributions — 16.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,264.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464149","date":"2021-06-30","amount":84945,"count":60,"baseline":5264,"ratio":16.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001274_ytor80","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,652 donation spike on 2022-03-29 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-29 this committee recorded $73,652 across 86 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,846.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464149","date":"2022-03-29","amount":73652,"count":86,"baseline":7846,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001274_ytqo4p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,570 donation spike on 2022-06-03 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-03 this committee recorded $56,570 across 59 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,946.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464149","date":"2022-06-03","amount":56570,"count":59,"baseline":8946,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464149/"]},{"id":"P17_B001274_DUK_2018-09-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DUK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-09-18 and 2018-09-25, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on DUK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2018-09-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DUK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"},{"bioguideId":"B001274","name":"Mo Brooks"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-09-18 to 2018-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001274_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mo Brooks executed 7 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2021-09-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DUK","date":"2021-01-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2020-06-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2020-06-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-08-30"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Second and Subsequent Notifications","agency":"Labor Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-12-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001274_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mo Brooks executed 4 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2021-08-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-09-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-07-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-03-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Calendar Year 2021 Alternative Payment Model (APM) Incentive Payment Advisory for Clinicians-Request f","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-07-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Office of Regulatory Affairs Division Director; Technical Amendments","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-08-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001274_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mo Brooks executed 4 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2021-02-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2020-10-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2020-02-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2020-01-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Management's Discussion and Analysis, Selected Financial Data, and Supplementary Financial Information","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2021-01-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Deduction for Foreign-Derived Intangible Income and Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income; Correcting Amendment","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001274_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mo Brooks executed 4 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2021-02-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-04-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2020-02-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","date":"2020-01-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Provisions; Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Amendm","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-01-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 in the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-03-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_B001274_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 32d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (3 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":4,"avgGap":32,"buys":3,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":43,"avgGap":21}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001274_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BROOKS, Mo voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_B001274","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"12% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 1.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 101 disclosed trades, 12 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 1.7× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":12,"total":101,"rate":11.9},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":1.73}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001274","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy)","explanation":"Mo Brooks has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_B001274_T_20210305","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in T 25 days before SEC action","explanation":"Mo Brooks sold T within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2021-03-05","title":"AT&T, Inc., et al.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045"]},{"id":"P42_B001274_D_20210929","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $D 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks buy $D 1 day after a corporate insider (TOBIAS DAVID  (CIK 0001582097)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"TOBIAS DAVID  (CIK 0001582097)","filingDate":"2021-09-28","adsh":"0001096906-21-002383","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001274_CSCO_20200211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CSCO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks sell $CSCO 1 day before a corporate insider (Robbins Charles  (CIK 0001559655)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Robbins Charles  (CIK 0001559655)","filingDate":"2020-02-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-008957"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001274_WFC_20200102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks sell $WFC 1 day before a corporate insider (Hewett Wayne M.  (CIK 0001500124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Hewett Wayne M.  (CIK 0001500124)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-000430"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001274_PFE_20200701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PFE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks buy $PFE 1 day before a corporate insider (DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-009380"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001274_D_20200601","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $D 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks buy $D 1 day before a corporate insider (LEUNG SIMON  (CIK 0001270709)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"LEUNG SIMON  (CIK 0001270709)","filingDate":"2020-06-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-018352"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001274_D_20200429","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $D 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks buy $D 2 days before a corporate insider (TOBIAS DAVID  (CIK 0001582097)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"TOBIAS DAVID  (CIK 0001582097)","filingDate":"2020-05-01","adsh":"0001445866-20-000529"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001274_T_20210208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $T 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks sell $T 4 days before a corporate insider (Schara William V  (CIK 0001353941)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Schara William V  (CIK 0001353941)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001052918-21-000027"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001274_BSX_20200205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BSX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks sell $BSX 6 days before a corporate insider (Sorenson John Bradley  (CIK 0001629277)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Sorenson John Bradley  (CIK 0001629277)","filingDate":"2020-02-11","adsh":"0001225208-20-001937"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001274_D_20210929","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $D 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mo Brooks buy $D 8 days before a corporate insider (Shah Dharmesh  (CIK 0001620814)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Shah Dharmesh  (CIK 0001620814)","filingDate":"2021-10-07","adsh":"0001209191-21-060000"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_B001274_2019-12-11_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CVS 22 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Mo Brooks delivered a 668-word floor speech on 2019-12-11 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, 106—nearly half—of House Demo- crats have cosponsored the socialists’ Lower Drug Costs Now Act. I will not mince words: Socialized medicine causes worse healthcare at higher costs with…\"). The member sell $CVS (a Healthcare-sector stock) 22 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-12-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":668,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, 106—nearly half—of House Demo- crats have cosponsored the socialists’ Lower Drug Costs Now Act. I will not mince words: Socialized medicine causes worse healthcare at higher costs with ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001274_2019-04-02_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 30 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Mo Brooks delivered a 699-word floor speech on 2019-04-02 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, for 75 years, America has been the greatest nation in world history. Amer- ica’s standard of living is envied by most. America’s military is un- matched. America is a beacon of free- do…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 30 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-04-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":699,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, for 75 years, America has been the greatest nation in world history. Amer- ica’s standard of living is envied by most. America’s military is un- matched. America is a beacon of free- do","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/02/165/57/CREC-2019-04-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/02/165/57/CREC-2019-04-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P78_B001274","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mo Brooks appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (8); daily donation spike (6); reg rule trade proximity (4); speech advocacy trade (2); trade near vote (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001274","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_B001274","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mo Brooks executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY LEE (29d apart)","explanation":"Mo Brooks has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY LEE 2019-03-13 → 2019-04-11 (29d) · SELL→BUY APT 2019-02-07 → 2019-02-14 (7d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"LEE","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-03-13","date2":"2019-04-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"APT","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-02-07","date2":"2019-02-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_B001274","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mo Brooks triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mo Brooks accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_B001274","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mo Brooks — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (101/101)","explanation":"Mo Brooks's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":101,"atBracket":101,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B001274","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mo Brooks — 41 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Mo Brooks has traded 41 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":41,"sample":["VZ","AATC","T","D","PFE","BRK.B","TFC","CSCO","LEE","DUK"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_B001274_LEE","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mo Brooks — 14 disclosed trades in single ticker LEE","explanation":"Mo Brooks traded LEE on 14 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the LEE trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"LEE","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_B001274","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mo Brooks — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Mo Brooks has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001274","https://www.congress.gov/member/mo-brooks/B001274"]}],"J000305":[{"id":"P1_J000305_j5vwt8","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL TRV 7d BEFORE SRES 742 — \"A resolution designating the first week of Decembe…\"","explanation":"Member traded TRV (Finance) within 7 days of SRES 742 \"A resolution designating the first week of December 2018, and supporting the des\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","date":"2021-04-09","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 742","title":"A resolution designating the first week of December 2018, and supporting the designation of each first week of December ","introducedDate":"2021-04-16","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20742"]},{"id":"P1_J000305_kn31fn","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL LPLA 7d BEFORE SRES 742 — \"A resolution designating the first week of Decembe…\"","explanation":"Member traded LPLA (Finance) within 7 days of SRES 742 \"A resolution designating the first week of December 2018, and supporting the des\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","date":"2021-04-09","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 742","title":"A resolution designating the first week of December 2018, and supporting the designation of each first week of December ","introducedDate":"2021-04-16","daysDiff":-7}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20742"]},{"id":"P6_J000305_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,362,547 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $2,362,547 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 41 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":2362546.63,"oppose":410315.21,"events":41}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P7_J000305_h4220z","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,115,728 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,115,728 opposing this member across 78 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1115727.5099999998,"totalSupport":2436779.25,"events":78,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":410315.21},{"name":"DMFI PAC","oppose":424944.77999999997},{"name":"American Heartland PAC","oppose":140000},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":59217.52000000001},{"name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","oppose":50000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_J000305_ghntfa","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,780 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $97,780 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":97779.73999999998,"oppose":0,"net":97779.73999999998,"events":13,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":97779.73999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006242","name":"CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS BALLOT ISSUES","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006234","name":"DIGNITY CA SEIU LOCAL 2015","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_J000305_8dy64p","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 3%)","explanation":"Of $4,805,187 in itemized individual contributions, $2,978,747 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4805187,"buckets":{"$200 and under":158714,"$200.01-$499":263234,"$500-$999":487750,"$1000-$1999":916742,"$2000 and over":2978747},"megaShare":62,"smallDonorShare":3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000305_83ki1v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$161,742 donation spike on 2018-07-09 — 17.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-09 this committee recorded $161,742 across 65 contributions — 17.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,022.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660837","date":"2018-07-09","amount":161742,"count":65,"baseline":9022,"ratio":17.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660837/"]},{"id":"P15_J000305_mri6kg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,000 donation spike on 2017-12-29 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-29 this committee recorded $63,000 across 35 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,323.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660837","date":"2017-12-29","amount":63000,"count":35,"baseline":7323,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660837/"]},{"id":"P15_J000305_mri6jt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,580 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $61,580 across 38 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,488.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660837","date":"2017-12-31","amount":61580,"count":38,"baseline":9488,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660837/"]},{"id":"P15_J000305_7dy8fa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,150 donation spike on 2022-02-28 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-28 this committee recorded $54,150 across 40 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,025.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00767046","date":"2022-02-28","amount":54150,"count":40,"baseline":5025,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00767046/"]},{"id":"P15_J000305_7e05cu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,200 donation spike on 2022-05-12 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-12 this committee recorded $52,200 across 25 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,343.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00767046","date":"2022-05-12","amount":52200,"count":25,"baseline":6343,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00767046/"]},{"id":"P18_J000305_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sara Jacobs executed 5 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2021-07-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORA","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2021-02-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Snapper-Grouper Resources of the South Atlantic; 2021 Re","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-06-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expanding Flexible Use of the 3.7 to 4.2 GHz Band","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2021-03-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000305_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sara Jacobs executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2021-02-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zone; San Diego Bay, San Diego, CA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2021-03-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Tanapag Harbor, Saipan, CNMI","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2021-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000305_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sara Jacobs executed 4 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","date":"2021-02-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2021-02-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendments to the Commission's Rules of Practice; Correction","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2021-03-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendments to the Commission's Rules of Practice; Correction","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2021-03-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000305_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sara Jacobs executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":4,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Montana Rail Link, Inc.-Petition for Rulemaking-Classification of Carriers","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000305_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sara Jacobs executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Medicare Coverage of Innovative Technology (MCIT) and Definition of “Reasonable and Necessary”; Delay ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Medicare Coverage of Innovative Technology (MCIT) and Definition of “Reasonable and Necessary”; Delay ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000305_3l616q","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sara Jacobs campaign paid $11,273,254 to 51 surname-matched vendors, top: JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES","explanation":"Sara Jacobs's campaign paid 353 disbursements totaling $11,273,254 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES","total":1779601.82,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES","amount":168711.72,"date":"2018-03-13","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"jacobson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES","amount":150483,"date":"2018-04-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"jacobson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES","amount":128720.46,"date":"2018-02-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"jacobson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES LLC","total":1076434.6099999999,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES LLC","amount":117764.58,"date":"2020-10-06","description":"MAIL VOL.PROCESD CA48ROUDAGEN","surnameMatched":"jacobson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES LLC","amount":112044.6,"date":"2018-04-10","description":"ADVERTISING - TV","surnameMatched":"jacobson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"JACOBSON & ZILBER STRATEGIES LLC","amount":57636.08,"date":"2018-04-26","description":"ADVERTISING - TV","surnameMatched":"jacobson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","total":1066568.5,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":442124.5,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":370000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":254444,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","total":1040766.4699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":121159.09,"date":"2007-05-09","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":82312.4,"date":"2007-12-13","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":64500,"date":"2008-12-09","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","total":1012838.1000000001,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":60279.08,"date":"2010-12-31","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":56171.17,"date":"2011-12-12","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":45681.21,"date":"2010-12-17","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACOBS, NICHOLAS","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JACOBS, NICHOLAS","amount":1000000,"date":"2025-04-15","description":"SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"jacobs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACOBSON%20%26%20ZILBER%20STRATEGIES"]},{"id":"P20_J000305_1jew6","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sits on committees overseeing Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TTEK","date":"2021-04-09","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":1595727.06,"agencies":["Department of Defense"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_J000305","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"79% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 12.2× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 52 disclosed trades, 41 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 12.2× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":41,"total":52,"rate":78.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":12.24}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_J000305_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Women Vote! both supported ($2,362,547) and opposed ($410,315) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sara Jacobs advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":2362546.63,"oppose":410315.21,"events":41}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P36_J000305","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Sara Jacobs has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_J000305_AAPL_20210706","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q3 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Sara Jacobs executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-06","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_J000305_MRK_20210409","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2021-Q2 while MERCK & CO., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Sara Jacobs executed a sell in MRK during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO., INC., MERCK). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK","MERCK & CO., INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_PYPL_20210219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $PYPL 1 day after a corporate insider (Alford Peggy  (CIK 0001736236)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Alford Peggy  (CIK 0001736236)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001633917-21-000046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_FSLR_20210219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FSLR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $FSLR 2 days after a corporate insider (KENNEDY R CRAIG  (CIK 0001245053)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FSLR","filer":"KENNEDY R CRAIG  (CIK 0001245053)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006188","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_ACN_20210409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $ACN 2 days after a corporate insider (Unruch Joel  (CIK 0001783059)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Unruch Joel  (CIK 0001783059)","filingDate":"2021-04-07","adsh":"0001467373-21-000114","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_LPLA_20210219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LPLA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs buy $LPLA 2 days after a corporate insider (Simonich Brent  (CIK 0001644152)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LPLA","filer":"Simonich Brent  (CIK 0001644152)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001397911-21-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_JLL_20210409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JLL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $JLL 2 days after a corporate insider (Shah Mihir  (CIK 0001790184)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JLL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JLL","filer":"Shah Mihir  (CIK 0001790184)","filingDate":"2021-04-07","adsh":"0001127602-21-013448","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_VFC_20210409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VFC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $VFC 2 days after a corporate insider (Roberts Carol L  (CIK 0001341790)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VFC","filer":"Roberts Carol L  (CIK 0001341790)","filingDate":"2021-04-07","adsh":"0001127602-21-013365","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_IPG_20210409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $IPG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $IPG 3 days after a corporate insider (Samartsev Igor  (CIK 0001378545)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IPG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IPG","filer":"Samartsev Igor  (CIK 0001378545)","filingDate":"2021-04-06","adsh":"0001111928-21-000075","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_FSLR_20210409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FSLR 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $FSLR 4 days after a corporate insider (KENNEDY R CRAIG  (CIK 0001245053)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FSLR","filer":"KENNEDY R CRAIG  (CIK 0001245053)","filingDate":"2021-04-05","adsh":"0001127602-21-013213","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_VZ_20210409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VZ 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $VZ 4 days after a corporate insider (Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)","filingDate":"2021-04-05","adsh":"0001611593-21-000015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000305_AGR_20210409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AGR 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $AGR 4 days after a corporate insider (Solomont Alan D  (CIK 0001339767)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AGR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AGR","filer":"Solomont Alan D  (CIK 0001339767)","filingDate":"2021-04-05","adsh":"0001634997-21-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000305_LIN_20210409","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LIN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $LIN 4 days before a corporate insider (LIN CHUANG I  (CIK 0001185981)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"LIN CHUANG I  (CIK 0001185981)","filingDate":"2021-04-13","adsh":"0001437749-21-008814"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000305_LPLA_20210219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LPLA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs buy $LPLA 6 days before a corporate insider (Seese Scott  (CIK 0001712038)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LPLA","filer":"Seese Scott  (CIK 0001712038)","filingDate":"2021-02-25","adsh":"0001397911-21-000043"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000305_FSLR_20210219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FSLR 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $FSLR 10 days before a corporate insider (Buehler Patrick James  (CIK 0001819686)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FSLR","filer":"Buehler Patrick James  (CIK 0001819686)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001127602-21-008355"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000305_VZ_20210409","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $VZ 10 days before a corporate insider (Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)","filingDate":"2021-04-19","adsh":"0001062993-21-003708"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000305_BK_20210219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BK 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sara Jacobs sell $BK 10 days before a corporate insider (Fortson Ben J.  (CIK 0001695233)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BK","filer":"Fortson Ben J.  (CIK 0001695233)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001104659-21-030088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_J000305_2021-03-19_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UPS 21 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Sara Jacobs delivered a 192-word floor speech on 2021-03-19 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, before COVID–19 more than 40 percent of San Diego kids were already living in families experiencing poverty. Childhood poverty was a problem be- fore COVID–19, and we know it has only w…\"). The member sell $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 21 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-03-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":192,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, before COVID–19 more than 40 percent of San Diego kids were already living in families experiencing poverty. Childhood poverty was a problem be- fore COVID–19, and we know it has only w","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/03/19/CREC-2021-03-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/03/19/CREC-2021-03-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_J000305","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$98K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Sara Jacobs received $97,779.74 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($97,779.74 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":97779.73999999998,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2020":97779.73999999998,"2022":329.88},"corpCount":4},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":97779.73999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006242","name":"CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS BALLOT ISSUES","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006242/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001227/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006234","name":"DIGNITY CA SEIU LOCAL 2015","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006234/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_J000305","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $161,742 on 2018-07-09 (17.9× normal)","explanation":"Sara Jacobs's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $161,742 on 2018-07-09 — 17.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":215892,"maxRatio":17.9,"maxAmount":161742},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-07-09","amount":161742,"ratio":17.9,"baselineDaily":9022,"count":65,"cmteId":"C00660837","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00660837&min_date=2018-07-09&max_date=2018-07-09"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-02-28","amount":54150,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":5025,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00767046","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00767046&min_date=2022-02-28&max_date=2022-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660837/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00660837&min_date=2018-07-09&max_date=2018-07-09"]},{"id":"P65_J000305_2021-04-09","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"41 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-04-09 — 41 unique tickers","explanation":"Sara Jacobs executed 41 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-04-09 to 2021-04-09), spanning 41 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-04-09","windowEnd":"2021-04-09","tradeCount":41,"uniqueTickers":41,"totalDisclosedTrades":52,"sampleTickers":["MKC","FSLR","TRV","UPS","RGA","UL","ACN","AGR","TTEK","OMCL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_J000305","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 42 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Sara Jacobs appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 42 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (10); daily donation spike (5); reg rule trade proximity (5); insider front ran trade (5); trade near vote (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":42,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/J000305","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_J000305","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sara Jacobs's campaign paid $1,025,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: JACOBS, NICHOLAS ($1,000,000)","explanation":"Sara Jacobs's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $1,025,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JACOBS, NICHOLAS ($1,000,000 across 1 payments, services: SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1025000,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JACOBS, NICHOLAS","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"BISKUPIC & JACOBS S.C.","total":25000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]}],"surname":"jacobs"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CA49074&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_J000305","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sara Jacobs named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.0M total receipts) — top: SARA JACOBS HOUSE VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Sara Jacobs appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: SARA JACOBS HOUSE VICTORY FUND (C00831479, $1.0M receipts, treasurer PETTERSON, JAY). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.04,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00831479","name":"SARA JACOBS HOUSE VICTORY FUND","receipts":1044884,"treasurer":"PETTERSON, JAY","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831479/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831479/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00831479/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P152_J000305","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sara Jacobs operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.0M combined receipts)","explanation":"Sara Jacobs operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.0M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: MORE ACTION THAN TALK PAC (C00823120) · NIAGARA FRONTIER PAC (C00785444).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.04,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00823120","cmteName":"MORE ACTION THAN TALK PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00785444","cmteName":"NIAGARA FRONTIER PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00823120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00785444/"]},{"id":"P178_J000305_2021-04-09","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sara Jacobs — 41 trades on 2021-04-09","explanation":"Sara Jacobs disclosed 41 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-04-09). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-04-09","count":41}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_J000305","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sara Jacobs — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (52/52)","explanation":"Sara Jacobs's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":52,"atBracket":52,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_J000305","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sara Jacobs — 47 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Sara Jacobs has traded 47 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":47,"sample":["AAPL","MKC","FSLR","TRV","UPS","RGA","UL","ACN","AGR","TTEK"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001203":[{"id":"P1_M001203_enryfv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL K 14d after HJRES 104 — \"Disapproving a rule submitted by the Department of…\" · sponsor R-LA","explanation":"Member traded K (Agriculture) within 14 days of HJRES 104 \"Disapproving a rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to Temporary N\", sponsored by Rep. Alexander, Rodney [R-LA-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","date":"2019-11-29","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 104","title":"Disapproving a rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to Temporary Non-agricultural Employment of H-2B Alien","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Rep. Alexander, Rodney [R-LA-5]","sponsorBioguide":"A000361","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"LA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%20104"]},{"id":"P1_M001203_oeruta","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY K 11d after HJRES 104 — \"Disapproving a rule submitted by the Department of…\" · sponsor R-LA","explanation":"Member traded K (Agriculture) within 11 days of HJRES 104 \"Disapproving a rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to Temporary N\", sponsored by Rep. Alexander, Rodney [R-LA-5].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","date":"2019-11-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 104","title":"Disapproving a rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to Temporary Non-agricultural Employment of H-2B Alien","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":11,"sponsorName":"Rep. Alexander, Rodney [R-LA-5]","sponsorBioguide":"A000361","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"LA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%20104"]},{"id":"P1_M001203_it53z3","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL REG 11d after HJRES 32 — \"Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the…\" · sponsor D-IL","explanation":"Member traded REG (RealEstate) within 11 days of HJRES 32 \"Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States respecting the r\", sponsored by Rep. Jackson, Jesse L., Jr. [D-IL-2].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REG","date":"2019-11-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"RealEstate"},{"source":"bill","number":"HJRES 32","title":"Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States respecting the right to decent, safe, sanitary, and affo","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":11,"sponsorName":"Rep. Jackson, Jesse L., Jr. [D-IL-2]","sponsorBioguide":"J000283","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"IL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HJRES%2032"]},{"id":"P1_M001203_r3l7ts","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL PTON 4d after HR 6012 — \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded PTON (Technology) within 4 days of HR 6012 \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain \", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","date":"2019-11-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":4,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206012"]},{"id":"P1_M001203_xlbsnt","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SJM 4d after S 2509 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programm…\" · sponsor D-IA","explanation":"Member traded SJM (Agriculture) within 4 days of S 2509 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programmable controllers certified by \", sponsored by Sen. Harkin, Tom [D-IA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SJM","date":"2019-02-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2509","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programmable controllers certified by the importer as designed for use in agri","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":4,"sponsorName":"Sen. Harkin, Tom [D-IA]","sponsorBioguide":"H000206","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"IA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202509"]},{"id":"P1_M001203_yq5nl4","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL K 13d BEFORE S 2509 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programm…\" · sponsor D-IA","explanation":"Member traded K (Agriculture) within 13 days of S 2509 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programmable controllers certified by \", sponsored by Sen. Harkin, Tom [D-IA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","date":"2019-02-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2509","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programmable controllers certified by the importer as designed for use in agri","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":-13,"sponsorName":"Sen. Harkin, Tom [D-IA]","sponsorBioguide":"H000206","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"IA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202509"]},{"id":"P14_M001203_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21827 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $6,576,684 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 21827× NOT EMPLOYED = $6,576,684; 5405× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,925,873. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":21827,"total":6576684,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":5405,"total":1925873,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001203_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tom Malinowski executed 24 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","date":"2021-05-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","date":"2021-05-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","date":"2021-04-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","date":"2021-04-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Auction of AM and FM Broadcast Construction Permits Scheduled for July 27, 2021; Notice of Filing Requirements, Minimum ","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2021-04-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services; Columbia, Missouri","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2021-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001203_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tom Malinowski executed 5 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","date":"2020-11-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","date":"2020-10-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SU","date":"2020-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","date":"2020-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Pennsylvania; Attainment Plan for the Indiana, Pennsylvania Nonattainment Area for the 2010 Sulfur Di","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2020-10-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Class E Airspace; Guntersville, AL","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-09-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001203_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tom Malinowski executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2020-11-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2020-08-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Contract Year 2021 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medicare Prescripti","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"New Animal Drugs; Withdrawal of Approval of Abbreviated New Animal Drug Application","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-07-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001203_Energy","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy BUYs filed 434d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Energy (4 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":7,"avgGap":434,"buys":4,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":78,"avgGap":415}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001203","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 13.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 322 disclosed trades, 289 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 13.9× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":289,"total":322,"rate":89.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":13.94}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001203_AI_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $AI 1 day after a corporate insider (Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AI","filer":"Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-017188","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_EPD_20200319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EPD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $EPD 1 day after a corporate insider (WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EPD","filer":"WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0001209191-20-020094","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_AMRC_20210309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMRC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $AMRC 1 day after a corporate insider (Georgeoff Robert  (CIK 0001843683)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMRC","filer":"Georgeoff Robert  (CIK 0001843683)","filingDate":"2021-03-08","adsh":"0001488139-21-000040","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_FLXN_20200512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FLXN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $FLXN 1 day after a corporate insider (Arkowitz David  (CIK 0001296999)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FLXN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FLXN","filer":"Arkowitz David  (CIK 0001296999)","filingDate":"2020-05-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-028249","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_MRK_20201106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRK 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $MRK 2 days after a corporate insider (Kramer Michael Robert  (CIK 0001744580)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Kramer Michael Robert  (CIK 0001744580)","filingDate":"2020-11-04","adsh":"0000907471-20-000147","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_AMRC_20210526","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMRC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $AMRC 2 days after a corporate insider (Murley Thomas S  (CIK 0001688408)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMRC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMRC","filer":"Murley Thomas S  (CIK 0001688408)","filingDate":"2021-05-24","adsh":"0001488139-21-000073","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_AMRC_20201218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMRC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $AMRC 3 days after a corporate insider (Anderson David  (CIK 0001496684)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMRC","filer":"Anderson David  (CIK 0001496684)","filingDate":"2020-12-15","adsh":"0001488139-20-000132","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_PEP_20200303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PEP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $PEP 4 days after a corporate insider (Flum Joshua Matthew  (CIK 0001412223)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"Flum Joshua Matthew  (CIK 0001412223)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0001127602-20-008398","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_DASH_20210302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DASH 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $DASH 4 days after a corporate insider (TC Group Cayman Investment Holdings, L.P.  (CIK 0001475444)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DASH","filer":"TC Group Cayman Investment Holdings, L.P.  (CIK 0001475444)","filingDate":"2021-02-26","adsh":"0000899243-21-008431","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_HRL_20200303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HRL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $HRL 4 days after a corporate insider (PIPPINS DAKOTA A  (CIK 0001192939)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HRL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HRL","filer":"PIPPINS DAKOTA A  (CIK 0001192939)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0001179110-20-002519","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_EVBG_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $EVBG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $EVBG 4 days after a corporate insider (GRAYSON BRUNS H  (CIK 0001204899)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EVBG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EVBG","filer":"GRAYSON BRUNS H  (CIK 0001204899)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001209191-20-019345","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_QDEL_20210223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $QDEL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $QDEL 4 days after a corporate insider (Ranalli Tamara A.  (CIK 0001822508)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QDEL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QDEL","filer":"Ranalli Tamara A.  (CIK 0001822508)","filingDate":"2021-02-19","adsh":"0001209191-21-012578","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_ANIK_20200302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ANIK 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $ANIK 4 days after a corporate insider (Cheung Sylvia  (CIK 0001572857)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANIK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANIK","filer":"Cheung Sylvia  (CIK 0001572857)","filingDate":"2020-02-27","adsh":"0001171843-20-001358","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001203_YEXT_20201006","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $YEXT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $YEXT 5 days after a corporate insider (Ferrentino Marc  (CIK 0001823020)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"YEXT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"YEXT","filer":"Ferrentino Marc  (CIK 0001823020)","filingDate":"2020-10-01","adsh":"0001614178-20-000389","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_DASH_20210518","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DASH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $DASH 1 day before a corporate insider (Institutional Venture Partners XIV, L.P.  (CIK 0001550180)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DASH","filer":"Institutional Venture Partners XIV, L.P.  (CIK 0001550180)","filingDate":"2021-05-19","adsh":"0001209191-21-034262"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_GFN_20210420","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GFN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $GFN 1 day before a corporate insider (Gagnon Neil  (CIK 0001070170)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GFN","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GFN","filer":"Gagnon Neil  (CIK 0001070170)","filingDate":"2021-04-21","adsh":"0001019056-21-000270"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_GFN_20201203","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GFN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $GFN 1 day before a corporate insider (Gagnon Neil  (CIK 0001070170)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GFN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GFN","filer":"Gagnon Neil  (CIK 0001070170)","filingDate":"2020-12-04","adsh":"0001019056-20-000617"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_GFN_20201202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GFN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $GFN 1 day before a corporate insider (ROSZAK JAMES B  (CIK 0001251492)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GFN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GFN","filer":"ROSZAK JAMES B  (CIK 0001251492)","filingDate":"2020-12-03","adsh":"0001251492-20-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_ANIK_20200226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ANIK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $ANIK 1 day before a corporate insider (Cheung Sylvia  (CIK 0001572857)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANIK","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001","tradeDate":"2020-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANIK","filer":"Cheung Sylvia  (CIK 0001572857)","filingDate":"2020-02-27","adsh":"0001171843-20-001358"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_AMRC_20201110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMRC 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $AMRC 2 days before a corporate insider (Sakellaris George P  (CIK 0001496665)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMRC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMRC","filer":"Sakellaris George P  (CIK 0001496665)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001488139-20-000077"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_HOLX_20210312","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HOLX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $HOLX 3 days before a corporate insider (HANTSON LUDWIG  (CIK 0001491435)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOLX","filer":"HANTSON LUDWIG  (CIK 0001491435)","filingDate":"2021-03-15","adsh":"0001127602-21-010626"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_CL_20200310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $CL 3 days before a corporate insider (Mulato James  (CIK 0001693402)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CL","filer":"Mulato James  (CIK 0001693402)","filingDate":"2020-03-13","adsh":"0001209191-20-018846"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_EVBG_20200313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EVBG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $EVBG 3 days before a corporate insider (GRAYSON BRUNS H  (CIK 0001204899)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EVBG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EVBG","filer":"GRAYSON BRUNS H  (CIK 0001204899)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001209191-20-019345"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_QDEL_20210511","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $QDEL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $QDEL 3 days before a corporate insider (Michael Edward L.  (CIK 0001391823)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QDEL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QDEL","filer":"Michael Edward L.  (CIK 0001391823)","filingDate":"2021-05-14","adsh":"0001209191-21-032967"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_FIVN_20210226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FIVN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $FIVN 3 days before a corporate insider (Burdiek Michael J  (CIK 0001324293)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIVN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FIVN","filer":"Burdiek Michael J  (CIK 0001324293)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001288847-21-000032"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_FLXN_20200508","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FLXN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $FLXN 3 days before a corporate insider (Arkowitz David  (CIK 0001296999)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FLXN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FLXN","filer":"Arkowitz David  (CIK 0001296999)","filingDate":"2020-05-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-028249"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_ANIK_20200128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ANIK 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $ANIK 3 days before a corporate insider (Shabbir Anik  (CIK 0001751728)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANIK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANIK","filer":"Shabbir Anik  (CIK 0001751728)","filingDate":"2020-01-31","adsh":"0001209191-20-005806"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_EQIX_20200401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EQIX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $EQIX 5 days before a corporate insider (Luby William K  (CIK 0001311364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EQIX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EQIX","filer":"Luby William K  (CIK 0001311364)","filingDate":"2020-04-06","adsh":"0001645635-20-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_AI_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AI 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $AI 5 days before a corporate insider (Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AI","filer":"Blavatnik Len  (CIK 0001326628)","filingDate":"2021-03-09","adsh":"0001209191-21-019115"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_CSLT_20201113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CSLT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $CSLT 5 days before a corporate insider (Bondurant William  (CIK 0001792295)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSLT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSLT","filer":"Bondurant William  (CIK 0001792295)","filingDate":"2020-11-18","adsh":"0001209191-20-059157"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_BL_20210217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $BL 6 days before a corporate insider (PRAGER MORGAN KAROLE  (CIK 0001183627)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BL","filer":"PRAGER MORGAN KAROLE  (CIK 0001183627)","filingDate":"2021-02-23","adsh":"0001209191-21-013365"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_AMRC_20210526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMRC 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $AMRC 7 days before a corporate insider (Anderson David  (CIK 0001496684)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMRC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMRC","filer":"Anderson David  (CIK 0001496684)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001488139-21-000080"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_EQIX_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EQIX 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $EQIX 8 days before a corporate insider (Miller Simon  (CIK 0001751921)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EQIX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EQIX","filer":"Miller Simon  (CIK 0001751921)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0001645635-20-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_EVBG_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EVBG 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $EVBG 8 days before a corporate insider (HUFF PHILLIP E  (CIK 0001764375)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EVBG","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EVBG","filer":"HUFF PHILLIP E  (CIK 0001764375)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-017179"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_DASH_20210302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DASH 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski sell $DASH 9 days before a corporate insider (Yandell Keith  (CIK 0001833552)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DASH","filer":"Yandell Keith  (CIK 0001833552)","filingDate":"2021-03-11","adsh":"0001209191-21-019998"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_SPG_20200325","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPG 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $SPG 9 days before a corporate insider (Simon Eli  (CIK 0001803666)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"Simon Eli  (CIK 0001803666)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001179110-20-004593"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001203_TDC_20210426","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TDC 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Malinowski buy $TDC 10 days before a corporate insider (Olsen Joanne Beth  (CIK 0001742169)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDC","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TDC","filer":"Olsen Joanne Beth  (CIK 0001742169)","filingDate":"2021-05-06","adsh":"0001209191-21-030668"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P141_M001203","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Malinowski executed 23 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY AMRC (25d apart)","explanation":"Tom Malinowski has 23 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY AMRC 2020-10-16 → 2020-11-10 (25d) · BUY→SELL AMRC 2020-11-10 → 2020-11-10 (0d) · BUY→SELL AMRC 2020-12-29 → 2021-01-06 (8d) · SELL→BUY DASH 2021-01-11 → 2021-01-15 (4d) · BUY→SELL PTON 2019-10-22 → 2019-11-19 (28d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":23,"samples":[{"ticker":"AMRC","days":25,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-10-16","date2":"2020-11-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMRC","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-10","date2":"2020-11-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMRC","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-12-29","date2":"2021-01-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"DASH","days":4,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-01-11","date2":"2021-01-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"PTON","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-10-22","date2":"2019-11-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"PTON","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-04-21","date2":"2021-05-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"QDEL","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-04-27","date2":"2021-05-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GFN","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-12-02","date2":"2020-12-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001203","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Malinowski triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 8 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tom Malinowski accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 8 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":8}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_M001203","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Malinowski — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (321/322)","explanation":"Tom Malinowski's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":322,"atBracket":321,"pct":"99.7"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001203","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Malinowski — 88 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Tom Malinowski has traded 88 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":88,"sample":["AMRC","CELC","APPAD","DASH","PTON","QDEL","HNST","LL","PCRX","TDC"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001203_AMRC","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Malinowski — 13 disclosed trades in single ticker AMRC","explanation":"Tom Malinowski traded AMRC on 13 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AMRC trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AMRC","count":13}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"I000024":[{"id":"P1_I000024_j3xnke","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BAM 10d after HR 4068 — \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Tec…\" · sponsor R-AL","explanation":"Member traded BAM (Finance) within 10 days of HR 4068 \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of H\", sponsored by Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAM","date":"2020-02-20","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4068","title":"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of Homeland Security to contract with an ind","introducedDate":"2020-02-10","daysDiff":10,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]","sponsorBioguide":"R000575","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204068"]},{"id":"P1_I000024_xjacd6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL BAM 14d BEFORE HR 4068 — \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Tec…\" · sponsor R-AL","explanation":"Member traded BAM (Finance) within 14 days of HR 4068 \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of H\", sponsored by Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAM","date":"2020-01-27","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4068","title":"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of Homeland Security to contract with an ind","introducedDate":"2020-02-10","daysDiff":-14,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]","sponsorBioguide":"R000575","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204068"]},{"id":"P1_I000024_b8it7h","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL DHR 5d after S 3232 — \"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986…\" · sponsor D-NJ","explanation":"Member traded DHR (Healthcare) within 5 days of S 3232 \"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Patient Protection and\", sponsored by Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-03-01","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3232","title":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to extend, expand, ","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":5,"sponsorName":"Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ]","sponsorBioguide":"M000639","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NJ","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203232"]},{"id":"P17_I000024_DHR_2019-02-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-02-28 and 2019-03-06, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-02-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-02-28 to 2019-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_I000024_DHR_2019-03-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-01 and 2019-03-06, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-03-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-03-01 to 2019-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_I000024_GE_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-11-05, 4 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-10-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"H001041","name":"Dean Heller"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_I000024_GE_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"H001041","name":"Dean Heller"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_I000024_BMY_2016-08-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-05 and 2016-08-11, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2016-08-05 to 2016-08-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_I000024_CELG_2018-11-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CELG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-09 and 2018-11-16, 3 members took the same direction on CELG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CELG","date":"2018-11-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CELG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"}],"span":"2018-11-09 to 2018-11-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_I000024_AGN_2018-02-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-02-22 and 2018-02-28, 3 members took the same direction on AGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AGN","date":"2018-02-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"}],"span":"2018-02-22 to 2018-02-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_I000024_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member James M. Inhofe executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRSP","date":"2021-01-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRSP","date":"2020-12-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Department of Health and Human Services Good Guidance Practices","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2020-12-07"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Most Favored Nation (MFN) Model","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-11-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_I000024_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member James M. Inhofe executed 6 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2020-12-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAM","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAM","date":"2020-03-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2020-03-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Limitation on Deduction for Dividends Received From Certain Foreign Corporations and Amounts Eligible for Section 954 Lo","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Business Loan Program Temporary Changes; Paycheck Protection Program-Requirements-Loan Forgiveness","agency":"Small Business Administration, Treasury Department","date":"2020-06-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_I000024_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member James M. Inhofe executed 7 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-07-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2020-07-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2020-04-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-04-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Snapper-Grouper Resources of the South Atlantic; 2020 Re","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-06-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Snapper-Grouper Resources of the South Atlantic; 2020 Re","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-06-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_I000024_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OK R delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"INHOFE, James Mountain voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Colette Dodson Honorable, of Arkansas, to be a Member of the Federal Energy Regu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_I000024_V_20200413","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2020-Q2 while VISA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in V during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA, VISA INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-13","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["VISA","VISA INC.","VISA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_MSFT_20200413","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2020-Q2 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in MSFT during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-13","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_V_20190115","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2019-Q1 while VISA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in V during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA INC, VISA USA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-15","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["VISA INC","VISA USA, INC.","VISA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_AMZN_20190115","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2019-Q1 while AMAZON.COM SERVICES, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in AMZN during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM SERVICES, INC., AMAZON). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-15","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM SERVICES, INC.","AMAZON","AMAZON.COM"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_MRK_20190111","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2019-Q1 while MERCK had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in MRK during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK, MERCK & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-11","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["MERCK","MERCK & CO.","INTERVET INC., D/B/A MERCK ANIMAL HEALTH"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_UNH_20180503","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2018-Q2 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in UNH during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-03","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_XOM_20180503","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2018-Q2 while EXXON MOBIL CORP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in XOM during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL CORP, EXXON MOBIL). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-03","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL","HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_AAPL_20180501","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2018-Q2 while TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in AAPL during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-01","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLE, INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_UNH_20180111","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2018-Q1 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a buy in UNH during 2018-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-11","quarter":"2018-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q1","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_XOM_20171113","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2017-Q4 while EXXON MOBIL CORP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a buy in XOM during 2017-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL CORP, EXXON MOBIL). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-13","quarter":"2017-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q4","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL","EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_MSFT_20170720","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2017-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a buy in MSFT during 2017-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-20","quarter":"2017-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_JNJ_20170609","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2017-Q2 while JOHNSON MATTHEY INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in JNJ during 2017-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON MATTHEY INC., JOHNSON CONTROLS INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-09","quarter":"2017-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q2","matchedClients":["JOHNSON MATTHEY INC.","JOHNSON CONTROLS INC","S.C. JOHNSON & SON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_UNH_20170609","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2017-Q2 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a buy in UNH during 2017-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-09","quarter":"2017-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q2","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_WFC_20170119","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of WFC in 2017-Q1 while WELLS FARGO & COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a sell in WFC during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & COMPANY, WELLS FARGO & CO). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-19","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & COMPANY","WELLS FARGO & CO","WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_I000024_MRK_20150709","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MRK in 2015-Q3 while MERCK & CO INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"James M. Inhofe executed a buy in MRK during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO INC, MERCK & CO., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-09","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO INC","MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK & CO. INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P43_I000024_AAPL_20200127","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James M. Inhofe sell $AAPL 2 days before a corporate insider (GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)","filingDate":"2020-01-29","adsh":"0000320193-20-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_I000024_2018-10-10_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GE on the same day as a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"James M. Inhofe delivered a 1159-word floor speech on 2018-10-10 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. President, I don’t think that is necessary because I think I was scheduled to do that anyway. What we are going to be addressing here in just a few minutes is a very sig- nificant piece of legisla…\"). The member buy $GE (a Industrials-sector stock) on the same day as the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-10-10","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":1159,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. President, I don’t think that is necessary because I think I was scheduled to do that anyway. What we are going to be addressing here in just a few minutes is a very sig- nificant piece of legisla","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/10/10/164/168/CREC-2018-10-10-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-31"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/10/10/164/168/CREC-2018-10-10-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_I000024_2018-09-18_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GE 22 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"James M. Inhofe delivered a 346-word floor speech on 2018-09-18 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. President, I am pleased to recognize Mr. Gary Johnson on the occasion of his retirement. Gary has served as the airport director for the city of Stillwater Regional Airport, SWO for the past 32 ye…\"). The member buy $GE (a Industrials-sector stock) 22 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-09-18","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":346,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. President, I am pleased to recognize Mr. Gary Johnson on the occasion of his retirement. Gary has served as the airport director for the city of Stillwater Regional Airport, SWO for the past 32 ye","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/18/164/155/CREC-2018-09-18-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/09/18/164/155/CREC-2018-09-18-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_I000024_2015-07-30_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GE 21 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"James M. Inhofe delivered a 177-word floor speech on 2015-07-30 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"I thank the Senator for raising this issue and for his commit- ment to helping to pass a long-term surface transportation bill. The Sen- ator is correct about the time con- straints the Senate is unde…\"). The member buy $GE (a Industrials-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-07-30","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":177,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"I thank the Senator for raising this issue and for his commit- ment to helping to pass a long-term surface transportation bill. The Sen- ator is correct about the time con- straints the Senate is unde","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/07/30/161/122/CREC-2015-07-30-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/07/30/161/122/CREC-2015-07-30-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_I000024_2015-07-30_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COF 28 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"James M. Inhofe delivered a 3446-word floor speech on 2015-07-30 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. President, I do ap- preciate the comments from the Sen- ator from Nevada. It is a reminder that a lot of people think almost all of this act is from the Environment and Pub- lic Works Committee. A…\"). The member sell $COF (a Finance-sector stock) 28 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-07-30","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":3446,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. President, I do ap- preciate the comments from the Sen- ator from Nevada. It is a reminder that a lot of people think almost all of this act is from the Environment and Pub- lic Works Committee. A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/07/30/161/122/CREC-2015-07-30-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-08-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/07/30/161/122/CREC-2015-07-30-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P136_I000024","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James M. Inhofe ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.0M across 22 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"James M. Inhofe's FEC-bulk record shows $18.0M in lifetime PAC contributions across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $51.7M (PAC: $18.0M, individual: $30.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":51.72,"lifetimeIndividualM":30.58,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S4OK00083"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OK00083/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_I000024","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"James M. Inhofe draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.0M PAC / $51.7M total)","explanation":"James M. Inhofe's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.0M of $51.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":51.72,"pacSharePct":34.8,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"S4OK00083"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OK00083/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_I000024","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James M. Inhofe disclosed 9 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL PG $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"James M. Inhofe has filed 9 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL PG $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-01-13 · SELL KMX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-01-16 · SELL AMZN $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-01-15 · SELL MRK $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-01-11.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":9,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":900009,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","date":"2020-01-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"KMX","action":"SELL","date":"2019-01-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","date":"2019-01-15","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","date":"2019-01-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"DAL","action":"BUY","date":"2017-12-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HBI","action":"SELL","date":"2017-10-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_I000024","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James M. Inhofe executed 5 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY XPO (27d apart)","explanation":"James M. Inhofe has 5 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY XPO 2018-09-28 → 2018-10-25 (27d) · BUY→SELL GE 2018-10-10 → 2018-10-31 (21d) · BUY→SELL BMY 2017-02-01 → 2017-02-28 (27d) · BUY→SELL CVS 2017-09-15 → 2017-10-11 (26d) · BUY→SELL NGIPX 2015-06-22 → 2015-07-09 (17d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":5,"samples":[{"ticker":"XPO","days":27,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-09-28","date2":"2018-10-25","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"GE","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-10-10","date2":"2018-10-31","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-02-01","date2":"2017-02-28","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CVS","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-09-15","date2":"2017-10-11","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"NGIPX","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-06-22","date2":"2015-07-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_I000024_2018-05-03","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James M. Inhofe — 16 trades on 2018-05-03","explanation":"James M. Inhofe disclosed 16 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-05-03). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-05-03","count":16}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_I000024","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James M. Inhofe — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (217/217)","explanation":"James M. Inhofe's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":217,"atBracket":217,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_I000024","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James M. Inhofe — 90 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"James M. Inhofe has traded 90 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":90,"sample":["CRSP","BLK","AAPL","AMZN","BAM","V","MSFT","C","DHR","INTU"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_I000024_CLR","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James M. Inhofe — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker CLR","explanation":"James M. Inhofe traded CLR on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the CLR trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"CLR","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_I000024","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"James M. Inhofe — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"James M. Inhofe has served 7 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/I000024","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-m.-inhofe/I000024"]}],"R000307":[{"id":"P1_R000307_aoqmeb","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY BA 2d after SRES 313 — \"A resolution designating the week of October 30 th…\"","explanation":"Member traded BA (Defense) within 2 days of SRES 313 \"A resolution designating the week of October 30 through November 3, 2017, as \"Na\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-12-07","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 313","title":"A resolution designating the week of October 30 through November 3, 2017, as \"National Veterans Small Business Week\".","introducedDate":"2020-12-05","daysDiff":2}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20313"]},{"id":"P1_R000307_tbymsg","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BA 1d BEFORE SRES 313 — \"A resolution designating the week of October 30 th…\"","explanation":"Member traded BA (Defense) within 1 days of SRES 313 \"A resolution designating the week of October 30 through November 3, 2017, as \"Na\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-12-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 313","title":"A resolution designating the week of October 30 through November 3, 2017, as \"National Veterans Small Business Week\".","introducedDate":"2020-12-05","daysDiff":-1}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20313"]},{"id":"P1_R000307_glvrqu","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY MA 3d BEFORE HR 441 — \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any pers…\" · sponsor R-MT","explanation":"Member traded MA (Finance) within 3 days of HR 441 \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies ap\", sponsored by Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2019-11-12","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 441","title":"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies appropriate security personnel of suspicio","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-3,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"R000571","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"MT","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20441"]},{"id":"P1_R000307_e3dtqo","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY NOC 11d BEFORE HR 1238 — \"To prohibit the presence in the United States of a…\" · sponsor R-AZ","explanation":"Member traded NOC (Defense) within 11 days of HR 1238 \"To prohibit the presence in the United States of any alien formerly detained at \", sponsored by Rep. Shadegg, John B. [R-AZ-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2019-11-04","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 1238","title":"To prohibit the presence in the United States of any alien formerly detained at the Department of Defense detention faci","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-11,"sponsorName":"Rep. Shadegg, John B. [R-AZ-3]","sponsorBioguide":"S000275","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AZ","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%201238"]},{"id":"P17_R000307_TJX_2020-04-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TJX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-28 and 2020-05-01, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on TJX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","date":"2020-04-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TJX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"},{"bioguideId":"R000307","name":"Pat Roberts"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-04-28 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000307_BA_2020-03-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-25 and 2020-03-27, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on BA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-03-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"R000307","name":"Pat Roberts"},{"bioguideId":"C001120","name":"Dan Crenshaw"}],"span":"2020-03-25 to 2020-03-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000307_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pat Roberts executed 15 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-12-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-12-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-12-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Repeal of DFARS Clauses Related to Taxes Applied to Foreign Contracts","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2020-11-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Repeal of DFARS Clauses Related to Taxes Applied to Foreign Contracts","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2020-11-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000307_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"70 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pat Roberts executed 70 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-12-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","date":"2020-12-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2020-12-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2020-12-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea Subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutia","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-11-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea Subarea of the Bering Sea and Aleutia","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-11-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000307_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pat Roberts executed 5 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-07-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-07-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-3,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-06-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-10,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policy Statement on Factors Considered in Assessing Civil Monetary Penalties on Small Entities","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-07-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policy Statement on Factors Considered in Assessing Civil Monetary Penalties on Small Entities","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-07-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000307_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pat Roberts executed 4 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2020-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2020-04-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2020-01-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2020-01-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":4,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Permissible Interest on Loans That Are Sold, Assigned, or Otherwise Transferred","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency","date":"2020-06-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulatory Capital Rule: Revised Transition of the Current Expected Credit Losses Methodology for Allowances","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2020-03-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000307_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pat Roberts executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Veterinary Accreditation Program","agency":"Agriculture Department, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","date":"2020-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Veterinary Accreditation Program","agency":"Agriculture Department, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","date":"2020-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_R000307_Defense","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Defense bills","explanation":"Member Pat Roberts cast Defense-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2014-12-19","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":4,"sector":"Defense"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_R000307_7pjd16","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"48 trades in NFLX (Technology) — 12% of this member's 394 total trades","explanation":"Pat Roberts has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NFLX","count":48,"buys":30,"sells":18,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2014-03-06","lastDate":"2020-09-04"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AAPL","count":46,"buys":32,"sells":14,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2014-03-03","lastDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"BA","count":22,"buys":15,"sells":7,"sector":"Defense","firstDate":"2014-12-19","lastDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NVDA","count":22,"buys":14,"sells":8,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2017-09-28","lastDate":"2020-12-21"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"FB","count":20,"buys":12,"sells":8,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2014-03-05","lastDate":"2020-08-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_R000307_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with KS R delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROBERTS, Charles Patrick (Pat) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Daniel J. Santos, of Virginia, to be a Member of the Defense Nuclear Facilities "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000307","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Defense)","explanation":"Pat Roberts has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Defense","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_R000307_AAPL_20201216","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q4 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-16","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200904","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2020-Q3 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a buy in NFLX during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC., NETFLIX INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC.","NETFLIX INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200904","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2020-Q3 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in NFLX during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC., NETFLIX INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC.","NETFLIX INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_MSFT_20200904","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2020-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in MSFT during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_AAPL_20200902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2020-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a buy in AAPL during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-02","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_TSLA_20200901","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2020-Q3 while TESLA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in TSLA during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, INC., TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC","TESLA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_AAPL_20200827","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-27","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_TSLA_20200803","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2020-Q3 while TESLA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a buy in TSLA during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, INC., TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-03","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC","TESLA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_AAPL_20200803","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2020-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a buy in AAPL during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-03","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_AAPL_20200731","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q3 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-31","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_MA_20200702","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2020-Q3 while MASTERCARD had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in MA during 2020-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD, MASTERCARD (FORMERLY FINICITY)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-02","quarter":"2020-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q3","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD","MASTERCARD (FORMERLY FINICITY)","MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_AMZN_20200424","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2020-Q2 while AMAZON.COM, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in AMZN during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, INC., AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-24","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM, INC.","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200415","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2020-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in NFLX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-15","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200415","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2020-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in NFLX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-15","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200409","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2020-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a buy in NFLX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-09","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200406","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2020-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in NFLX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200306","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2020-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a buy in NFLX during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-06","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200302","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2020-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in NFLX during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20200302","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2020-Q1 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in NFLX during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_MA_20200106","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2020-Q1 while MASTERCARD had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in MA during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD, MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-06","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD","MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NOC_20190621","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NOC in 2019-Q2 while NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in NOC during 2019-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION, NORTHROP GRUMMAN). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-21","quarter":"2019-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q2","matchedClients":["NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION","NORTHROP GRUMMAN","NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_AAPL_20180730","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2018-Q3 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in AAPL during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-30","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_BA_20180730","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BA in 2018-Q3 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in BA during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, THE BOEING COMPANY (F.N.A. AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-30","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","THE BOEING COMPANY (F.N.A. AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.)","BOEING COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20180625","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2018-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a buy in NFLX during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-25","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_NFLX_20180622","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of NFLX in 2018-Q2 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed a sell in NFLX during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-22","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_NVDA_20200529","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)","filingDate":"2020-05-28","adsh":"0001045810-20-000069","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_W_20200916","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $W 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $W 1 day after a corporate insider (Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)","filingDate":"2020-09-15","adsh":"0001209191-20-050383","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_TSLA_20201221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $TSLA 3 days after a corporate insider (Gracias Antonio J.  (CIK 0001495158)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Gracias Antonio J.  (CIK 0001495158)","filingDate":"2020-12-18","adsh":"0001495158-20-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_TSLA_20201211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $TSLA 3 days after a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-12-08","adsh":"0001790565-20-000020","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_AAPL_20200827","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $AAPL 3 days after a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2020-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-20-000064","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_AAPL_20200302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $AAPL 3 days after a corporate insider (WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0000320193-20-000035","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_AMZN_20200110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $AMZN 4 days after a corporate insider (NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0001127602-20-001164","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_NFLX_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NFLX 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $NFLX 4 days after a corporate insider (KILGORE LESLIE J  (CIK 0001218352)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFLX","filer":"KILGORE LESLIE J  (CIK 0001218352)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001065280-20-000137","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_NFLX_20200110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NFLX 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $NFLX 4 days after a corporate insider (MATHER ANN  (CIK 0001244892)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFLX","filer":"MATHER ANN  (CIK 0001244892)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0001065280-20-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_DAL_20201116","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DAL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $DAL 4 days after a corporate insider (Jacobson Paul A  (CIK 0001543655)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DAL","filer":"Jacobson Paul A  (CIK 0001543655)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001683168-20-003823","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_W_20201117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $W 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $W 4 days after a corporate insider (Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)","filingDate":"2020-11-13","adsh":"0001209191-20-058393","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_BBY_20201013","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BBY 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $BBY 5 days after a corporate insider (SCHULZE RICHARD M  (CIK 0001006394)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BBY","filer":"SCHULZE RICHARD M  (CIK 0001006394)","filingDate":"2020-10-08","adsh":"0001225208-20-012335","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_WMT_20200324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WMT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $WMT 5 days after a corporate insider (McLay Kathryn J.  (CIK 0001794573)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"McLay Kathryn J.  (CIK 0001794573)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011530","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_BA_20201221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $BA 5 days after a corporate insider (Verbeck Robert E  (CIK 0001604570)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Verbeck Robert E  (CIK 0001604570)","filingDate":"2020-12-16","adsh":"0001225208-20-014756","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_TGT_20200706","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TGT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $TGT 5 days after a corporate insider (SANDO JILL  (CIK 0001800768)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGT","filer":"SANDO JILL  (CIK 0001800768)","filingDate":"2020-07-01","adsh":"0001225208-20-009364","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000307_GOLD_20200818","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOLD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $GOLD 5 days after a corporate insider (Gold Mark Stephen  (CIK 0001531332)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOLD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOLD","filer":"Gold Mark Stephen  (CIK 0001531332)","filingDate":"2020-08-13","adsh":"0001179110-20-008985","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_V_20201116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $V 1 day before a corporate insider (Green Equity Investors Side V, L.P.  (CIK 0001449643)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Green Equity Investors Side V, L.P.  (CIK 0001449643)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-058843"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_TSLA_20201207","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-12-08","adsh":"0001790565-20-000020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_WMT_20200819","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $WMT 1 day before a corporate insider (Chojnowski David  (CIK 0001502438)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Chojnowski David  (CIK 0001502438)","filingDate":"2020-08-20","adsh":"0001127602-20-023998"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_BA_20201116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $BA 1 day before a corporate insider (Aguirre Sergio A.  (CIK 0001738955)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Aguirre Sergio A.  (CIK 0001738955)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-058616"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_TSLA_20200803","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TSLA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $TSLA 2 days before a corporate insider (Guillen Jerome M  (CIK 0001584518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Guillen Jerome M  (CIK 0001584518)","filingDate":"2020-08-05","adsh":"0001584518-20-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_AMZN_20200504","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $AMZN 2 days before a corporate insider (Jassy Andrew R  (CIK 0001374545)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Jassy Andrew R  (CIK 0001374545)","filingDate":"2020-05-06","adsh":"0001127602-20-015670"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_BBY_20201013","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BBY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $BBY 2 days before a corporate insider (Rasmussen Steven R  (CIK 0001511157)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BBY","filer":"Rasmussen Steven R  (CIK 0001511157)","filingDate":"2020-10-15","adsh":"0000108985-20-000109"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_AAPL_20200427","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $AAPL 3 days before a corporate insider (JUNG ANDREA  (CIK 0001051401)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"JUNG ANDREA  (CIK 0001051401)","filingDate":"2020-04-30","adsh":"0000320193-20-000054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_NVDA_20200914","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $NVDA 4 days before a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2020-09-18","adsh":"0001045810-20-000159"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_MSFT_20200904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $MSFT 5 days before a corporate insider (SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0001819285-20-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_NVDA_20200306","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $NVDA 5 days before a corporate insider (Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)","filingDate":"2020-03-11","adsh":"0001045810-20-000035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_COST_20201104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COST 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $COST 6 days before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-11-10","adsh":"0001567619-20-019109"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_ZM_20201202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ZM 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $ZM 6 days before a corporate insider (Napolitano Janet  (CIK 0001821008)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZM","filer":"Napolitano Janet  (CIK 0001821008)","filingDate":"2020-12-08","adsh":"0001585521-20-000301"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_TSLA_20201211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $TSLA 7 days before a corporate insider (Gracias Antonio J.  (CIK 0001495158)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Gracias Antonio J.  (CIK 0001495158)","filingDate":"2020-12-18","adsh":"0001495158-20-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_SQ_20201222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SQ 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $SQ 7 days before a corporate insider (Ahuja Amrita  (CIK 0001765417)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Ahuja Amrita  (CIK 0001765417)","filingDate":"2020-12-29","adsh":"0001209191-20-065372"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_WMT_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $WMT 7 days before a corporate insider (Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-010874"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_XOM_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $XOM 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $XOM 7 days before a corporate insider (Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012570"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_BA_20201207","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $BA 7 days before a corporate insider (Hiebler Jessica M  (CIK 0001486569)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"Hiebler Jessica M  (CIK 0001486569)","filingDate":"2020-12-14","adsh":"0001562180-20-007224"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_W_20201117","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $W 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $W 7 days before a corporate insider (Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"W","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"W","filer":"Howley W Nicholas  (CIK 0001352573)","filingDate":"2020-11-24","adsh":"0001209191-20-060402"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_BYND_20200904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BYND 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $BYND 7 days before a corporate insider (Lane Raymond J.  (CIK 0001166598)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BYND","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BYND","filer":"Lane Raymond J.  (CIK 0001166598)","filingDate":"2020-09-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-050180"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_AAL_20200604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAL 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $AAL 8 days before a corporate insider (CAHILL JOHN T  (CIK 0001197000)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAL","filer":"CAHILL JOHN T  (CIK 0001197000)","filingDate":"2020-06-12","adsh":"0001225208-20-008914"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_TSLA_20201221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts sell $TSLA 9 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-12-30","adsh":"0001790565-20-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_NVDA_20200211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $NVDA 9 days before a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2020-02-20","adsh":"0001045810-20-000020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_WMT_20200324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $WMT 9 days before a corporate insider (Walton Steuart L  (CIK 0001675503)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Walton Steuart L  (CIK 0001675503)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012871"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000307_BBY_20200818","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BBY 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pat Roberts buy $BBY 10 days before a corporate insider (MOHAN RAJENDRA M  (CIK 0001253507)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BBY","filer":"MOHAN RAJENDRA M  (CIK 0001253507)","filingDate":"2020-08-28","adsh":"0001225208-20-011089"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_R000307_2020-08-05_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WMT 14 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Pat Roberts delivered a 893-word floor speech on 2020-08-05 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. President, I rise today to join my many colleagues fa- miliar with agriculture—the farmers, ranchers, growers, everybody in the food chain—and my thanks to Senator ERNST for really starting this,…\"). The member buy $WMT (a Staples-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-08-05","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":893,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. President, I rise today to join my many colleagues fa- miliar with agriculture—the farmers, ranchers, growers, everybody in the food chain—and my thanks to Senator ERNST for really starting this, ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/08/05/166/139/CREC-2020-08-05-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/08/05/166/139/CREC-2020-08-05-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_R000307_2020-05-20_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOC 9 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Pat Roberts delivered a 1063-word floor speech on 2020-05-20 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. President, I thank Senator YOUNG and Senator COL- LINS, who have just preceded me and set the tone, as only they can do, with regard to honoring Memorial Day. It is truly an honor to stand on the…\"). The member buy $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-05-20","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":1063,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. President, I thank Senator YOUNG and Senator COL- LINS, who have just preceded me and set the tone, as only they can do, with regard to honoring Memorial Day. It is truly an honor to stand on the ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/05/20/166/95/CREC-2020-05-20-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/05/20/166/95/CREC-2020-05-20-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_R000307_2019-11-06_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NOC 2 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Pat Roberts delivered a 868-word floor speech on 2019-11-06 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. President, thank you to my colleagues from West Vir- ginia, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and now the great State of Montana. The distinguished Senator from Mon- tana is sitting at the desk that was oc-…\"). The member buy $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-11-06","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":868,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. President, thank you to my colleagues from West Vir- ginia, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and now the great State of Montana. The distinguished Senator from Mon- tana is sitting at the desk that was oc-","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/11/06/CREC-2019-11-06-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/11/06/CREC-2019-11-06-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_R000307_2018-02-05","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"21 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-02-05 — 12 unique tickers","explanation":"Pat Roberts executed 21 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-02-05 to 2018-02-05), spanning 12 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-02-05","windowEnd":"2018-02-05","tradeCount":21,"uniqueTickers":12,"totalDisclosedTrades":394,"sampleTickers":["FB","NVDA","NFLX","BA","LMT","ETY","AMZN","NOC","COST","AAPL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_R000307","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 98 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Pat Roberts appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 98 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (38); insider front ran trade (25); insider followed trade (16); reg rule trade proximity (5); trade near vote (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":98,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":38},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":25},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":16},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000307","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P136_R000307","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pat Roberts ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.7M across 19 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Pat Roberts's FEC-bulk record shows $18.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $39.2M (PAC: $18.7M, individual: $17.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.74,"lifetimeReceiptsM":39.25,"lifetimeIndividualM":17.61,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6KS00080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6KS00080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_R000307","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pat Roberts draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.7M PAC / $39.2M total)","explanation":"Pat Roberts's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.7M of $39.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.74,"lifetimeReceiptsM":39.25,"pacSharePct":47.8,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"S6KS00080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6KS00080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_R000307","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pat Roberts disclosed 9 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL ETY $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Pat Roberts has filed 9 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL ETY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-12-21 · SELL AAPL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-12-16 · SELL NFLX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-04-15 · SELL NFLX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-04-06.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":9,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":900009,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ETY","action":"SELL","date":"2020-12-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","date":"2020-12-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","date":"2020-04-15","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","date":"2020-04-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","date":"2020-03-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","date":"2020-03-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_R000307","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pat Roberts executed 81 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY COST (20d apart)","explanation":"Pat Roberts has 81 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY COST 2020-11-04 → 2020-11-24 (20d) · SELL→BUY BA 2015-03-11 → 2015-03-17 (6d) · SELL→BUY BA 2018-02-05 → 2018-02-05 (0d) · BUY→SELL BA 2020-08-05 → 2020-09-04 (30d) · SELL→BUY BA 2020-11-09 → 2020-11-16 (7d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":81,"samples":[{"ticker":"COST","days":20,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-11-04","date2":"2020-11-24","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BA","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-03-11","date2":"2015-03-17","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BA","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-02-05","date2":"2018-02-05","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"BA","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-05","date2":"2020-09-04","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BA","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-11-09","date2":"2020-11-16","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BA","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-16","date2":"2020-12-04","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BA","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-12-04","date2":"2020-12-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":4,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-03-03","date2":"2014-03-07","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_R000307","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pat Roberts triggers 15 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Pat Roberts accumulates 15 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":15,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_R000307_2018-02-05","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pat Roberts — 21 trades on 2018-02-05","explanation":"Pat Roberts disclosed 21 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-02-05). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-02-05","count":21}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_R000307","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pat Roberts — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (394/394)","explanation":"Pat Roberts's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":394,"atBracket":394,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_R000307","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pat Roberts — 61 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Pat Roberts has traded 61 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":61,"sample":["COST","PLUG","BA","AAPL","SQ","NVDA","W","EXPI","ETY","TSLA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_R000307_NFLX","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pat Roberts — 48 disclosed trades in single ticker NFLX","explanation":"Pat Roberts traded NFLX on 48 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NFLX trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NFLX","count":48}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_R000307","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pat Roberts — 3 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Pat Roberts has traded 3 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":3,"tickers":["SQ","ZM","BYND"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_R000307","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pat Roberts — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Pat Roberts has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":116}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000307","https://www.congress.gov/member/pat-roberts/R000307"]},{"id":"P37_R000307_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+13 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Pat Roberts accumulated 38 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 13 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 13 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":13,"totalRaw":38,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":13,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000307"]}],"G000584":[{"id":"P1_G000584_c66vk1","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CNI 2d after SRES 195 — \"A resolution commemorating the 150th anniversary o…\" · sponsor R-MA","explanation":"Member traded CNI (Transportation) within 2 days of SRES 195 \"A resolution commemorating the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Massachu\", sponsored by Sen. Brown, Scott P. [R-MA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNI","date":"2019-02-25","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 195","title":"A resolution commemorating the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambrid","introducedDate":"2019-02-23","daysDiff":2,"sponsorName":"Sen. Brown, Scott P. [R-MA]","sponsorBioguide":"B001268","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"MA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20195"]},{"id":"P17_G000584_GE_2018-02-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-02-06 and 2018-02-08, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-02-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000626","name":"Warren Davidson"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"C001107","name":"Carlos Curbelo"}],"span":"2018-02-06 to 2018-02-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_AAGIY_2019-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AAGIY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-08 and 2019-04-09, 3 members took the same direction on AAGIY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAGIY","date":"2019-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAGIY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-08 to 2019-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_PM_2018-12-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-17 and 2018-12-21, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-12-17 to 2018-12-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_NPSNY_2019-01-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NPSNY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-30 and 2019-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on NPSNY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NPSNY","date":"2019-01-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NPSNY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-30 to 2019-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_RDS.B_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-25, 4 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_RDS.B_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-25, 3 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_QCOM_2019-01-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-28 and 2019-02-04, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2019-01-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"}],"span":"2019-01-28 to 2019-02-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_KHC_2018-11-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-13 and 2018-11-19, 4 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2018-11-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-11-13 to 2018-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_KHC_2018-11-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-14 and 2018-11-19, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2018-11-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-11-14 to 2018-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_KHC_2019-09-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-09-11 and 2019-09-11, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2019-09-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001199","name":"Brian Mast"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-09-11 to 2019-09-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_RHHBY_2020-04-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RHHBY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-14 and 2020-04-15, 3 members took the same direction on RHHBY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RHHBY","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RHHBY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"R000609","name":"John Rutherford"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2020-04-14 to 2020-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_FANUY_2019-01-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FANUY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-11 and 2019-01-18, 3 members took the same direction on FANUY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANUY","date":"2019-01-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FANUY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-11 to 2019-01-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_FANUY_2019-01-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FANUY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-15 and 2019-01-18, 3 members took the same direction on FANUY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANUY","date":"2019-01-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FANUY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-15 to 2019-01-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_RHHBY_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RHHBY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on RHHBY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RHHBY","date":"2019-01-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RHHBY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_CSGP_2020-09-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CSGP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-09-23 and 2020-09-25, 3 members took the same direction on CSGP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSGP","date":"2020-09-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CSGP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2020-09-23 to 2020-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_RIO_2019-04-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RIO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-10 and 2019-04-15, 3 members took the same direction on RIO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RIO","date":"2019-04-10","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RIO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-10 to 2019-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_YNDX_2018-10-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought YNDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-22 and 2018-10-25, 3 members took the same direction on YNDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"YNDX","date":"2018-10-22","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"YNDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-22 to 2018-10-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_CHL_2019-03-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CHL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-15 and 2019-03-21, 3 members took the same direction on CHL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHL","date":"2019-03-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CHL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-03-15 to 2019-03-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_DASTY_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DASTY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-22, 3 members took the same direction on DASTY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASTY","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DASTY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_DASTY_2019-03-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DASTY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-19 and 2019-03-22, 3 members took the same direction on DASTY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASTY","date":"2019-03-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DASTY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-03-19 to 2019-03-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_FMX_2019-04-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FMX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-05 and 2019-04-10, 3 members took the same direction on FMX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FMX","date":"2019-04-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FMX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-05 to 2019-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_JGCCY_2019-05-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold JGCCY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-10 and 2019-05-17, 3 members took the same direction on JGCCY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JGCCY","date":"2019-05-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"JGCCY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-05-10 to 2019-05-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_BAYRY_2019-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BAYRY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-11 and 2019-04-15, 3 members took the same direction on BAYRY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAYRY","date":"2019-04-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BAYRY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-11 to 2019-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_MONOY_2019-03-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MONOY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-20 and 2019-03-25, 3 members took the same direction on MONOY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MONOY","date":"2019-03-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MONOY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-03-20 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_G000584_LVMUY_2019-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LVMUY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-02-19 and 2019-02-25, 3 members took the same direction on LVMUY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LVMUY","date":"2019-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LVMUY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-02-19 to 2019-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000584_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Gianforte executed 15 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALGN","date":"2020-11-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GWRE","date":"2020-10-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZBRA","date":"2020-09-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2020-08-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Magnuson-Stevens Act Provisions; Fisheries Off West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery; 2019-2020 Biennial S","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-10-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Uniform License Renewal, Discontinuance of Operation, and Geographic Partitioning and Spectrum Disaggregation Rules and ","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2020-09-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000584_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Gianforte executed 3 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TEVA","date":"2020-11-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","date":"2020-10-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WST","date":"2020-09-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Head Start Designation Renewal System","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Children and Families Administration","date":"2020-10-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Alternative Payment Model (APM) Incentive Payment Advisory for Clinicians-Request for Current Billing ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-09-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000584_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Gianforte executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNI","date":"2020-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":6,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNI","date":"2020-01-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":5,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2020 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000584_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Gianforte executed 3 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2020-01-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2019-12-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-23,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-03-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety-Related Railroad Employees","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Railroad Administration","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000584_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Gianforte executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DB","date":"2020-03-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DB","date":"2019-12-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Provisions Pertaining to Certain Investments in the United States by Foreign Persons and Provisions Pertaining to Certai","agency":"Treasury Department, Investment Security Office","date":"2020-02-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Relating to Withholding and Reporting Tax on Certain U.S. Source Income Paid to Foreign Persons","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_G000584_BP_20201113","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BP in 2020-Q4 while BP AMERICA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed a sell in BP during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BP AMERICA, INC., BP AMERICA, INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-13","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["BP AMERICA, INC.","BP AMERICA, INC","BP AMERICA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000584_XOM_20191210","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2019-Q4 while EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed a sell in XOM during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-10","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000584_XOM_20190128","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2019-Q1 while EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed a buy in XOM during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-28","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000584_JNJ_20190128","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2019-Q1 while JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed a sell in JNJ during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC., JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-28","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.","JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY","JOHNSON & JOHNSON VISION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000584_WFC_20181221","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of WFC in 2018-Q4 while WELLS FARGO & COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed a buy in WFC during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-21","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000584_XOM_20181221","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2018-Q4 while EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed a sell in XOM during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-21","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL)","EXXON MOBIL CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000584_WFC_20181119","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of WFC in 2018-Q4 while WELLS FARGO & COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed a sell in WFC during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-11-19","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000584_WFC_20171011","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of WFC in 2017-Q4 while WELLS FARGO & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed a buy in WFC during 2017-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & CO, WELLS FARGO & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-11","quarter":"2017-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q4","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & CO","WELLS FARGO & COMPANY","INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WELLS FARGO & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_EXLS_20200206","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EXLS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $EXLS 1 day after a corporate insider (Nicolelli Maurizio  (CIK 0001472650)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXLS","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXLS","filer":"Nicolelli Maurizio  (CIK 0001472650)","filingDate":"2020-02-05","adsh":"0001104659-20-011334","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_ERIC_20200318","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ERIC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $ERIC 1 day after a corporate insider (Fuller William Eric  (CIK 0001378975)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ERIC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ERIC","filer":"Fuller William Eric  (CIK 0001378975)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001567619-20-006599","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_PLYA_20200109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLYA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $PLYA 1 day after a corporate insider (Hymel Ryan Paul  (CIK 0001706820)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLYA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLYA","filer":"Hymel Ryan Paul  (CIK 0001706820)","filingDate":"2020-01-08","adsh":"0001123292-20-000121","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_PAYC_20200205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PAYC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $PAYC 2 days after a corporate insider (Evans Jon  (CIK 0001737656)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAYC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAYC","filer":"Evans Jon  (CIK 0001737656)","filingDate":"2020-02-03","adsh":"0000899243-20-002609","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_SNA_20200205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SNA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $SNA 2 days after a corporate insider (STEBBINS DONALD J  (CIK 0001193795)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNA","filer":"STEBBINS DONALD J  (CIK 0001193795)","filingDate":"2020-02-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-003183","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_THR_20200626","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $THR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $THR 3 days after a corporate insider (VAN DER SALM JOHANNES RENE  (CIK 0001519535)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"THR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"THR","filer":"VAN DER SALM JOHANNES RENE  (CIK 0001519535)","filingDate":"2020-06-23","adsh":"0001489096-20-000136","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_MSM_20200109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $MSM 3 days after a corporate insider (KELLY DENIS F  (CIK 0001242901)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSM","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSM","filer":"KELLY DENIS F  (CIK 0001242901)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0001003078-20-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_VSAT_20201116","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VSAT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $VSAT 4 days after a corporate insider (Kimbro Melinda Michele  (CIK 0001653953)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VSAT","filer":"Kimbro Melinda Michele  (CIK 0001653953)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-058120","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_VAC_20201116","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VAC 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $VAC 4 days after a corporate insider (Kane-Hanan Lizabeth  (CIK 0001532737)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VAC","filer":"Kane-Hanan Lizabeth  (CIK 0001532737)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-057814","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_STAY_20201118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $STAY 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $STAY 5 days after a corporate insider (WALLMAN RICHARD F  (CIK 0001198092)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STAY","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STAY","filer":"WALLMAN RICHARD F  (CIK 0001198092)","filingDate":"2020-11-13","adsh":"0000895345-20-001088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000584_CATM_20200624","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CATM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $CATM 5 days after a corporate insider (GUPTA RAHUL  (CIK 0001231126)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CATM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CATM","filer":"GUPTA RAHUL  (CIK 0001231126)","filingDate":"2020-06-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-020096","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_TECH_20201013","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TECH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $TECH 1 day before a corporate insider (Industrial Tech Partners, LLC  (CIK 0001816600)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TECH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TECH","filer":"Industrial Tech Partners, LLC  (CIK 0001816600)","filingDate":"2020-10-14","adsh":"0001213900-20-031233"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_CSGP_20200924","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CSGP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $CSGP 1 day before a corporate insider (Glosserman Michael J  (CIK 0001436265)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSGP","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSGP","filer":"Glosserman Michael J  (CIK 0001436265)","filingDate":"2020-09-25","adsh":"0001057352-20-000103"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_VSAT_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VSAT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $VSAT 1 day before a corporate insider (Peterman Ken Allen  (CIK 0001575173)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VSAT","filer":"Peterman Ken Allen  (CIK 0001575173)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001209191-20-016291"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_UBS_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UBS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $UBS 1 day before a corporate insider (UBS Group AG  (UBS)  (CIK 0001610520)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBS","filer":"UBS Group AG  (UBS)  (CIK 0001610520)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0000899243-20-008981"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_VEEV_20200619","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VEEV 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $VEEV 3 days before a corporate insider (Wallach Matthew J  (CIK 0001585819)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VEEV","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VEEV","filer":"Wallach Matthew J  (CIK 0001585819)","filingDate":"2020-06-22","adsh":"0001209191-20-038261"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_RIO_20200113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RIO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $RIO 4 days before a corporate insider (Del Rio Frank J  (CIK 0001625861)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RIO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RIO","filer":"Del Rio Frank J  (CIK 0001625861)","filingDate":"2020-01-17","adsh":"0001104659-20-005157"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_PLYA_20200109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLYA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $PLYA 4 days before a corporate insider (COLDEN TRACY M J  (CIK 0001272023)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLYA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLYA","filer":"COLDEN TRACY M J  (CIK 0001272023)","filingDate":"2020-01-13","adsh":"0001123292-20-000134"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_SAN_20201113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SAN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $SAN 5 days before a corporate insider (COLUMN GROUP III, LP  (CIK 0001668159)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SAN","filer":"COLUMN GROUP III, LP  (CIK 0001668159)","filingDate":"2020-11-18","adsh":"0000899243-20-031483"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_AYI_20200429","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AYI 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $AYI 5 days before a corporate insider (MCCULLOUGH ROBERT F  (CIK 0001223225)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AYI","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AYI","filer":"MCCULLOUGH ROBERT F  (CIK 0001223225)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0001144215-20-000062"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_THR_20200626","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $THR 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $THR 6 days before a corporate insider (Sorrentino Charles A  (CIK 0001357776)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"THR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"THR","filer":"Sorrentino Charles A  (CIK 0001357776)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001489096-20-000166"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_ALGN_20201118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ALGN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $ALGN 6 days before a corporate insider (Morici John  (CIK 0001689552)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALGN","filer":"Morici John  (CIK 0001689552)","filingDate":"2020-11-24","adsh":"0001209191-20-060300"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_LII_20201013","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LII 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $LII 6 days before a corporate insider (COOPER JANET KATHERINE  (CIK 0001122792)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LII","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LII","filer":"COOPER JANET KATHERINE  (CIK 0001122792)","filingDate":"2020-10-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-027168"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_STAY_20200701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $STAY 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $STAY 6 days before a corporate insider (GEOGA DOUGLAS GERARD  (CIK 0001214021)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STAY","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STAY","filer":"GEOGA DOUGLAS GERARD  (CIK 0001214021)","filingDate":"2020-07-07","adsh":"0000895345-20-000789"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_AMED_20201013","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMED 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $AMED 7 days before a corporate insider (Ginn Scott G  (CIK 0001543701)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMED","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMED","filer":"Ginn Scott G  (CIK 0001543701)","filingDate":"2020-10-20","adsh":"0000896262-20-000025"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_WPP_20201113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WPP 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $WPP 7 days before a corporate insider (Warburg Pincus Private Equity IX, L.P.  (CIK 0001332737)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WPP","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WPP","filer":"Warburg Pincus Private Equity IX, L.P.  (CIK 0001332737)","filingDate":"2020-11-20","adsh":"0001104659-20-128098"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_WST_20200924","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WST 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $WST 8 days before a corporate insider (ZENNER PATRICK J  (CIK 0001139036)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WST","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WST","filer":"ZENNER PATRICK J  (CIK 0001139036)","filingDate":"2020-10-02","adsh":"0001562180-20-006202"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_AQUA_20200211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AQUA 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $AQUA 8 days before a corporate insider (Gregg Judd A.  (CIK 0001514445)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AQUA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AQUA","filer":"Gregg Judd A.  (CIK 0001514445)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0000895345-20-000234"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_SNA_20200205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SNA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $SNA 9 days before a corporate insider (STEBBINS DONALD J  (CIK 0001193795)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNA","filer":"STEBBINS DONALD J  (CIK 0001193795)","filingDate":"2020-02-14","adsh":"0001127602-20-005723"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_ALC_20200605","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ALC 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $ALC 10 days before a corporate insider (Rose Crystal  (CIK 0001319052)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALC","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALC","filer":"Rose Crystal  (CIK 0001319052)","filingDate":"2020-06-15","adsh":"0001127602-20-019564"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_OSW_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $OSW 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte buy $OSW 10 days before a corporate insider (FLUXMAN LEONARD I  (CIK 0001063623)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OSW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OSW","filer":"FLUXMAN LEONARD I  (CIK 0001063623)","filingDate":"2020-03-13","adsh":"0000899243-20-008257"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000584_ORAN_20201113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORAN 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Gianforte sell $ORAN 10 days before a corporate insider (HALLERAN ARTHUR  (CIK 0001533178)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORAN","filer":"HALLERAN ARTHUR  (CIK 0001533178)","filingDate":"2020-11-23","adsh":"0001493152-20-022339"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_G000584_2020-02-11_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SLB 29 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Greg Gianforte delivered a 849-word floor speech on 2020-02-11 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Texas, par- ticularly for reminding us of the need to rebalance and reclaim our Article I authority from the runaway bureauc- racy that we have here in Washin…\"). The member buy $SLB (a Energy-sector stock) 29 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-02-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":849,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Texas, par- ticularly for reminding us of the need to rebalance and reclaim our Article I authority from the runaway bureauc- racy that we have here in Washin","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/02/11/166/28/CREC-2020-02-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/02/11/166/28/CREC-2020-02-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_G000584_2018-12-20","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"158 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-12-20 — 156 unique tickers","explanation":"Greg Gianforte executed 158 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-12-20 to 2018-12-27), spanning 156 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-12-20","windowEnd":"2018-12-27","tradeCount":158,"uniqueTickers":156,"totalDisclosedTrades":1302,"sampleTickers":["EVH","GNTX","CNSL","SMTA","TLSNY","SBRA","T","OMI","SHPG","VLEEY"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_G000584","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Gianforte disclosed 305 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 31 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL CHL $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Greg Gianforte has filed 305 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 31 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL CHL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-12-21 · BUY VSAT $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-12-18 · SELL IWN $250,001 - $500,000 on 2020-12-18 · SELL IWN $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2020-12-15.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":305,"veryHighCount":31,"lowerBoundSum":36650305,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"CHL","action":"SELL","date":"2020-12-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VSAT","action":"BUY","date":"2020-12-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"IWN","action":"SELL","date":"2020-12-18","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"IWN","action":"SELL","date":"2020-12-15","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"THR","action":"BUY","date":"2020-12-15","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HHC","action":"BUY","date":"2020-12-15","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_G000584","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Gianforte executed 29 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL IWN (29d apart)","explanation":"Greg Gianforte has 29 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL IWN 2020-11-16 → 2020-12-15 (29d) · BUY→SELL THR 2019-01-03 → 2019-01-23 (20d) · BUY→SELL BBVA 2020-01-03 → 2020-01-13 (10d) · SELL→BUY HSBC 2019-12-10 → 2019-12-10 (0d) · BUY→SELL HSBC 2019-12-10 → 2019-12-11 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":29,"samples":[{"ticker":"IWN","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-16","date2":"2020-12-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"THR","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-01-03","date2":"2019-01-23","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BBVA","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-03","date2":"2020-01-13","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"HSBC","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-12-10","date2":"2019-12-10","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HSBC","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-12-10","date2":"2019-12-11","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HSBC","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-18","date2":"2020-03-27","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GWRE","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-10-26","date2":"2018-11-21","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"YNDX","days":10,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-01-03","date2":"2020-01-13","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_G000584_2018-12-21","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Gianforte — 142 trades on 2018-12-21","explanation":"Greg Gianforte disclosed 142 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-12-21). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-12-21","count":142}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_G000584","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greg Gianforte — 97% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (1267/1302)","explanation":"Greg Gianforte's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 97% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":1302,"atBracket":1267,"pct":"97.3"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000584","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Gianforte — 497 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Greg Gianforte has traded 497 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":497,"sample":["CHL","VSAT","IWN","CATM","THR","HHC","WW","OSW","DASTY","IFNNY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_G000584_VSAT","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Gianforte — 13 disclosed trades in single ticker VSAT","explanation":"Greg Gianforte traded VSAT on 13 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the VSAT trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"VSAT","count":13}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001062":[{"id":"P1_C001062_r5cq12","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CVX 8d after SRES 287 — \"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"Nati…\"","explanation":"Member traded CVX (Energy) within 8 days of SRES 287 \"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Da\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-10-06","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 287","title":"A resolution designating October 8, 2017, as \"National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day\".","introducedDate":"2020-09-28","daysDiff":8}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20287"]},{"id":"P1_C001062_qyru5q","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY ABT 0d BEFORE SRES 324 — \"A resolution designating November 9, 2017, as \"Nat…\"","explanation":"Member traded ABT (Healthcare) within 0 days of SRES 324 \"A resolution designating November 9, 2017, as \"National Diabetes Heart Health Aw\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2020-09-28","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 324","title":"A resolution designating November 9, 2017, as \"National Diabetes Heart Health Awareness Day\", coinciding with American D","introducedDate":"2020-09-28","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20324"]},{"id":"P1_C001062_qyru5q","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ABT 0d BEFORE SRES 324 — \"A resolution designating November 9, 2017, as \"Nat…\"","explanation":"Member traded ABT (Healthcare) within 0 days of SRES 324 \"A resolution designating November 9, 2017, as \"National Diabetes Heart Health Aw\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2020-09-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 324","title":"A resolution designating November 9, 2017, as \"National Diabetes Heart Health Awareness Day\", coinciding with American D","introducedDate":"2020-09-28","daysDiff":0}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20324"]},{"id":"P17_C001062_BDX_2019-04-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-18 and 2019-04-23, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2019-04-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"}],"span":"2019-04-18 to 2019-04-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_LLY_2016-01-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-22 and 2016-01-29, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2016-01-22","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000413","name":"Ed Whitfield"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"}],"span":"2016-01-22 to 2016-01-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_ACN_2015-06-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-06-26 and 2015-07-01, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2015-06-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2015-06-26 to 2015-07-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_GE_2018-01-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-01-18 and 2018-01-22, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-01-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"}],"span":"2018-01-18 to 2018-01-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_GE_2018-09-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-09-24 and 2018-09-27, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-09-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001041","name":"Dean Heller"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"}],"span":"2018-09-24 to 2018-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_BDX_2020-05-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-19 and 2020-05-22, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2020-05-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"}],"span":"2020-05-19 to 2020-05-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_BMY_2016-08-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-11 and 2016-08-18, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2016-08-11 to 2016-08-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_BMY_2016-08-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-15 and 2016-08-18, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2016-08-15 to 2016-08-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_GILD_2016-08-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GILD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-11 and 2016-08-16, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on GILD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2016-08-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GILD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2016-08-11 to 2016-08-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_GE_2018-08-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-08-28 and 2018-08-30, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-08-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"R000591","name":"Martha Roby"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"}],"span":"2018-08-28 to 2018-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001062_FDX_2016-01-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-08 and 2016-01-15, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on FDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2016-01-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"G000551","name":"Raúl M. Grijalva"},{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"}],"span":"2016-01-08 to 2016-01-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001062_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member K. Michael Conaway executed 3 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-11-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-11-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Filing Fee Waiver Requests","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-12-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Filing Fee Waiver Requests","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-12-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001062_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member K. Michael Conaway executed 5 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-10-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-10-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-08-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-07-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Alternative Payment Model (APM) Incentive Payment Advisory for Clinicians-Request for Current Billing ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-09-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Alternative Payment Model (APM) Incentive Payment Advisory for Clinicians-Request for Current Billing ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-09-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001062_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member K. Michael Conaway executed 17 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2020-10-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2020-09-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2020-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","date":"2020-08-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standardized Approach for Calculating the Exposure Amount of Derivative Contracts; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2020-09-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Financial Crimes Enforcement Network; Withdrawal of the Notice of Finding Involving Banco Delta Asia SARL (BDA)","agency":"Treasury Department, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network","date":"2020-08-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001062_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member K. Michael Conaway executed 10 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-10-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-10-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-10-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2020-08-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Waiver and Extension of the Project Period for a Grant that Provides Rehabilitation Short-Term Training to the Cli","agency":"Education Department","date":"2020-09-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tiafenacil; Pesticide Tolerances","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2020-09-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001062_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member K. Michael Conaway executed 12 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-10-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2020-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-09-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2020-09-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 Meters) Leng","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-09-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-08-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001062_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member K. Michael Conaway executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-07-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2020-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"TRICARE Pharmacy Benefits Program Reforms","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-06-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking and Importing Marine Mammals; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to U.S. Navy Construction Activities at Naval Weap","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_C001062_3v7iu7","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 7 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway sits on committees overseeing Defense, Technology, Agriculture and traded 7 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2019-10-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TRMB","date":"2017-11-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15314.8,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2016-09-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":36050542.61,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"OTEX","date":"2016-09-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":429305.19,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IT","date":"2016-09-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":1883692.3399999999,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture","Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C001062_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member K. Michael Conaway cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APA","date":"2014-12-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":7,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAL","date":"2014-12-03","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":2,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_C001062","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway sits on committees regulating Defense, Technology, Agriculture and actively trades in Technology, Defense, Agriculture. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Technology","Agriculture"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":110},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":23},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Agriculture","count":13}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001062","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 23 total findings","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":23,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_C001062_TGT_20150301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in TGT 20 days before FTC action","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway sold TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2015-03-01","title":"Court Orders Ringleader of Scam Targeting Seniors Banned From Telemarketing","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2015/03/court-orders-ringleader-scam-targeting-seniors-banned-telemarketing"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-09","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2015/03/court-orders-ringleader-scam-targeting-seniors-banned-telemarketing"]},{"id":"P37_C001062_JNJ_20201016","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2020-Q4 while JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway executed a buy in JNJ during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC., JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-16","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.","JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001062_AMZN_20200701","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2020-Q2 while AMAZON.COM, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway executed a buy in AMZN during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, INC., AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM, INC.","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001062_AMZN_20200519","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2020-Q2 while AMAZON.COM, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway executed a buy in AMZN during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, INC., AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM, INC.","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001062_AAPL_20200415","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2020-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway executed a buy in AAPL during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-15","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_C001062_NBL_20201006","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NBL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $NBL 1 day after a corporate insider (WYRSCH MARTHA B  (CIK 0001275686)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NBL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NBL","filer":"WYRSCH MARTHA B  (CIK 0001275686)","filingDate":"2020-10-05","adsh":"0000899243-20-027244","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001062_AAPL_20201016","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AAPL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $AAPL 3 days after a corporate insider (Maestri Luca  (CIK 0001513362)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Maestri Luca  (CIK 0001513362)","filingDate":"2020-10-13","adsh":"0000320193-20-000086","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001062_AEP_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AEP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $AEP 4 days after a corporate insider (Beasley J Barnie  (CIK 0001302418)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AEP","filer":"Beasley J Barnie  (CIK 0001302418)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001398889-20-000076","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_V_20200810","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $V 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway sell $V 1 day before a corporate insider (General Catalyst GP V, LLC  (CIK 0001550975)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"General Catalyst GP V, LLC  (CIK 0001550975)","filingDate":"2020-08-11","adsh":"0000899243-20-022023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_PFE_20200701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PFE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $PFE 1 day before a corporate insider (DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-009380"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_HD_20200519","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $HD 2 days before a corporate insider (JANA PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001159159)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"JANA PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001159159)","filingDate":"2020-05-21","adsh":"0000902664-20-002176"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_CWB_20200810","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CWB 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $CWB 2 days before a corporate insider (Chadwick Suzanne Marie  (CIK 0001820886)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CWB","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CWB","filer":"Chadwick Suzanne Marie  (CIK 0001820886)","filingDate":"2020-08-12","adsh":"0001567619-20-014889"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_CARR_20200519","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CARR 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway sell $CARR 3 days before a corporate insider (Bettis Carr  (CIK 0001586216)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CARR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CARR","filer":"Bettis Carr  (CIK 0001586216)","filingDate":"2020-05-22","adsh":"0001104659-20-065509"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_SPY_20200210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPY 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $SPY 4 days before a corporate insider (Brooks Michael J  (CIK 0001779126)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPY","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPY","filer":"Brooks Michael J  (CIK 0001779126)","filingDate":"2020-02-14","adsh":"0001654954-20-001654"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_VIG_20200311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VIG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway sell $VIG 5 days before a corporate insider (Vig Rajneesh  (CIK 0001498071)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIG","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIG","filer":"Vig Rajneesh  (CIK 0001498071)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001370755-20-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_DRI_20201130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DRI 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $DRI 9 days before a corporate insider (WASHOW LAWRENCE E  (CIK 0001189747)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DRI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DRI","filer":"WASHOW LAWRENCE E  (CIK 0001189747)","filingDate":"2020-12-09","adsh":"0000074046-20-000096"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_LUV_20201130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LUV 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $LUV 9 days before a corporate insider (BIEGLER DAVID W  (CIK 0001222590)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LUV","filer":"BIEGLER DAVID W  (CIK 0001222590)","filingDate":"2020-12-09","adsh":"0000092380-20-000156"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_DRI_20200413","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DRI 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway buy $DRI 10 days before a corporate insider (ATKINS M SHAN  (CIK 0001260096)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DRI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DRI","filer":"ATKINS M SHAN  (CIK 0001260096)","filingDate":"2020-04-23","adsh":"0001225208-20-006677"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_TJX_20200601","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TJX 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway sell $TJX 10 days before a corporate insider (Canestrari Kenneth  (CIK 0001620874)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"Canestrari Kenneth  (CIK 0001620874)","filingDate":"2020-06-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-036060"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001062_SPY_20200908","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SPY 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway sell $SPY 10 days before a corporate insider (Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPY","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPY","filer":"Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)","filingDate":"2020-09-18","adsh":"0001654954-20-010224"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P65_C001062_2016-09-12","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"191 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2016-09-12 — 191 unique tickers","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway executed 191 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2016-09-12 to 2016-09-13), spanning 191 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2016-09-12","windowEnd":"2016-09-13","tradeCount":191,"uniqueTickers":191,"totalDisclosedTrades":1006,"sampleTickers":["INTC","MSCI","DHR","FLR","WEX","WAT","INTU","CBS","KLAC","BSX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001062","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 45 total findings across the platform","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 45 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (12); coordinated trade cluster (11); reg rule trade proximity (6); lobbying timeline trade (4); trade near vote (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":45,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":11},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001062","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_C001062","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"K. Michael Conaway draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.2M PAC / $25.7M total)","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.2M of $25.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.25,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.72,"pacSharePct":47.6,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H4TX19136"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX19136/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_C001062","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"K. Michael Conaway disclosed 5 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL SDY $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway has filed 5 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL SDY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-03-11 · BUY USMC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-02-24 · BUY SPY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-02-24 · BUY GSLC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-02-24.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":5,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":500005,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"SDY","action":"SELL","date":"2020-03-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"USMC","action":"BUY","date":"2020-02-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","action":"BUY","date":"2020-02-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GSLC","action":"BUY","date":"2020-02-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VDC","action":"BUY","date":"2020-02-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_C001062","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"K. Michael Conaway executed 22 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL FDN (15d apart)","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway has 22 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL FDN 2020-02-24 → 2020-03-10 (15d) · BUY→SELL GSLC 2020-02-24 → 2020-03-11 (16d) · BUY→SELL VIG 2020-02-24 → 2020-03-11 (16d) · BUY→SELL CVX 2020-10-06 → 2020-10-16 (10d) · BUY→SELL VDC 2020-02-24 → 2020-03-10 (15d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":22,"samples":[{"ticker":"FDN","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-24","date2":"2020-03-10","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"GSLC","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-24","date2":"2020-03-11","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"VIG","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-24","date2":"2020-03-11","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"CVX","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-10-06","date2":"2020-10-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"VDC","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-24","date2":"2020-03-10","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","days":28,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-10-10","date2":"2019-11-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AEP","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-11-21","date2":"2018-12-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AEP","days":19,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-03-18","date2":"2020-04-06","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_C001062","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"K. Michael Conaway triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_C001062_2016-09-12","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"K. Michael Conaway — 190 trades on 2016-09-12","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway disclosed 190 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-09-12). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-09-12","count":190}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001062","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"K. Michael Conaway — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (1006/1006)","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":1006,"atBracket":1006,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001062","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"K. Michael Conaway — 341 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway has traded 341 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":341,"sample":["DGRO","FDN","GSLC","VIG","AAL","DRI","LUV","JNJ","BX","CVX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001062_AAPL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"K. Michael Conaway — 19 disclosed trades in single ticker AAPL","explanation":"K. Michael Conaway traded AAPL on 19 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AAPL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AAPL","count":19}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000594":[{"id":"P1_L000594_kxn6nx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CME 14d after HR 4068 — \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Tec…\" · sponsor R-AL","explanation":"Member traded CME (Finance) within 14 days of HR 4068 \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of H\", sponsored by Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2020-02-24","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4068","title":"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of Homeland Security to contract with an ind","introducedDate":"2020-02-10","daysDiff":14,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]","sponsorBioguide":"R000575","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204068"]},{"id":"P1_L000594_iwumag","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY ICE 8d after HR 4068 — \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Tec…\" · sponsor R-AL","explanation":"Member traded ICE (Finance) within 8 days of HR 4068 \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of H\", sponsored by Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2020-02-18","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4068","title":"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of Homeland Security to contract with an ind","introducedDate":"2020-02-10","daysDiff":8,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]","sponsorBioguide":"R000575","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204068"]},{"id":"P14_L000594_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"348050 employees of RETIRED gave $18,689,217 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 348050× RETIRED = $18,689,217; 14920× NONE = $2,655,153; 22587× SELF EMPLOYED = $2,474,651. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":348050,"total":18689217,"years":["2020","2021"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":14920,"total":2655153,"years":["2019","2020","2021"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":22587,"total":2474651,"years":["2019","2020","2021"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000594_mefh2p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,784,876 donation spike on 2020-11-09 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-09 this committee recorded $1,784,876 across 8604 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $191,058.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00729608","date":"2020-11-09","amount":1784876,"count":8604,"baseline":191058,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00729608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000594_mefh23","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,435,740 donation spike on 2020-11-10 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-10 this committee recorded $1,435,740 across 10549 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $240,478.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00729608","date":"2020-11-10","amount":1435740,"count":10549,"baseline":240478,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00729608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000594_mefh2q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,145,471 donation spike on 2020-11-08 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-08 this committee recorded $1,145,471 across 6436 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $129,794.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00729608","date":"2020-11-08","amount":1145471,"count":6436,"baseline":129794,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00729608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000594_mefh2r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,052,487 donation spike on 2020-11-07 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-07 this committee recorded $1,052,487 across 7087 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $91,781.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00729608","date":"2020-11-07","amount":1052487,"count":7087,"baseline":91781,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00729608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000594_7qjpfe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$973,365 donation spike on 2021-03-24 — 17.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-24 this committee recorded $973,365 across 1030 contributions — 17.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $55,963.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00729608","date":"2021-03-24","amount":973365,"count":1030,"baseline":55963,"ratio":17.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00729608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000594_mefh2s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$612,970 donation spike on 2020-11-06 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-06 this committee recorded $612,970 across 4404 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $56,109.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00729608","date":"2020-11-06","amount":612970,"count":4404,"baseline":56109,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00729608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000594_mefh2t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$309,380 donation spike on 2020-11-05 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-05 this committee recorded $309,380 across 2561 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $35,295.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00729608","date":"2020-11-05","amount":309380,"count":2561,"baseline":35295,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00729608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000594_mefh2u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$153,459 donation spike on 2020-11-04 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-04 this committee recorded $153,459 across 1282 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,980.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00729608","date":"2020-11-04","amount":153459,"count":1282,"baseline":24980,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00729608/"]},{"id":"P17_L000594_EMR_2020-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-16 and 2020-03-20, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2020-03-16","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-03-16 to 2020-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_EMR_2020-03-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-17 and 2020-03-20, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2020-03-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-03-17 to 2020-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_AFL_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AFL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-07, 3 members took the same direction on AFL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AFL","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AFL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_EMR_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2020-04-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_BKNG_2020-03-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-05 and 2020-03-12, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2020-03-05","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-03-05 to 2020-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_BKNG_2020-03-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-11 and 2020-03-18, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2020-03-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-03-11 to 2020-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_BKNG_2020-03-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-02 and 2020-03-09, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2020-03-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-03-02 to 2020-03-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_BKNG_2020-03-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-05 and 2020-03-12, 4 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2020-03-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-03-05 to 2020-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_BKNG_2020-03-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-06 and 2020-03-12, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2020-03-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-03-06 to 2020-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_HON_2020-02-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-05 and 2020-02-11, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2020-02-05","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-02-05 to 2020-02-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_CAT_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_CAT_2020-04-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-14 and 2020-04-16, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-04-14 to 2020-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_CAT_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"W000779","name":"Ron Wyden"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_DD_2020-02-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-26 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on DD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","date":"2020-02-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-02-26 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_DD_2020-02-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-27 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on DD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","date":"2020-02-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-02-27 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_DD_2020-02-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-28 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on DD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","date":"2020-02-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-02-28 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_RTX_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-07, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 5 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_RTN_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-03, 4 members took the same direction on RTN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000594_RTN_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RTN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-03, 3 members took the same direction on RTN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000594_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"57 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Loeffler executed 57 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2020-09-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2020-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2020-07-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2020-05-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Alisos Canyon Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2020-08-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Alisos Canyon Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2020-08-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000594_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Loeffler executed 30 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTSH","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2020-04-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 in the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-03-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 in the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-03-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000594_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Loeffler executed 7 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-22,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000594_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Loeffler executed 13 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tobacco Products; Required Warnings for Cigarette Packages and Advertisements","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tobacco Products; Required Warnings for Cigarette Packages and Advertisements","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000594_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Loeffler executed 12 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-03-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-03-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000594_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kelly Loeffler executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2020-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Guard Bureau Privacy Program","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Guard Bureau Privacy Program","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_L000594_mh6tmt","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 7 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sits on committees overseeing Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Defense and traded 7 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","contractTotal":293987.42,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ADM","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","contractTotal":19389500,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CAH","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","contractTotal":5157653.909999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_L000594","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sits on committees regulating Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Defense and actively trades in Healthcare, Pharma, Agriculture, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":13},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Agriculture","count":13},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000594","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 41 total findings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":41,"highSeverityCount":17,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_L000594_ABBV_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of ABBV in 2020-Q2 while ABBVIE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in ABBV during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE, INC., ABBVIE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["ABBVIE, INC.","ABBVIE INC.","ABBVIE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_BP_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BP in 2020-Q2 while BP AMERICA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in BP during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BP AMERICA, INC., BP AMERICA, INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["BP AMERICA, INC.","BP AMERICA, INC","BP AMERICA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_XOM_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2020-Q2 while EXXON MOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in XOM during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL, EXXONMOBIL). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL","EXXONMOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_GS_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2020-Q2 while THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in GS during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_BP_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BP in 2020-Q2 while BP AMERICA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in BP during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BP AMERICA, INC., BP AMERICA, INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["BP AMERICA, INC.","BP AMERICA, INC","BP AMERICA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_GOOGL_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOGL in 2020-Q2 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in GOOGL during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE INC.","WING (FORMERLY X (GOOGLE INC ))"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_CVX_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2020-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in CVX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON CORP","CHEVRON CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_PFE_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of PFE in 2020-Q2 while PFIZER INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in PFE during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (PFIZER INC., PFIZER, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["PFIZER INC.","PFIZER, INC.","PFIZER INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_CVX_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2020-Q2 while CHEVRON U.S.A. INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a buy in CVX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A. INC., CHEVRON CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON CORP","CHEVRON CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_RTX_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of RTX in 2020-Q2 while RAYTHEON COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a buy in RTX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (RAYTHEON COMPANY, RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["RAYTHEON COMPANY","RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)","RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_AAPL_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_BAC_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2020-Q2 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in BAC during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION","BANK OF AMERICA, N.A."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_LMT_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT in 2020-Q2 while LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in LMT during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP, LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_GS_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GS in 2020-Q2 while THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a buy in GS during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_MSFT_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2020-Q2 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in MSFT during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_RTX_20200407","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of RTX in 2020-Q2 while RAYTHEON COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in RTX during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (RAYTHEON COMPANY, RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["RAYTHEON COMPANY","RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON COMPANY)","RTX CORPORATION AND AFFILIATES (FKA RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP. AND AFFILIATES)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_CVX_20200320","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2020-Q1 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a buy in CVX during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_CVX_20200316","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2020-Q1 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a buy in CVX during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-16","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_CVX_20200310","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2020-Q1 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a buy in CVX during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.","CHEVRON CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_L000594_XOM_20200214","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2020-Q1 while EXXON MOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed a sell in XOM during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-14","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_TDG_20200318","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TDG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $TDG 1 day after a corporate insider (Dunn Mervin  (CIK 0001298803)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TDG","filer":"Dunn Mervin  (CIK 0001298803)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-019508","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_DOW_20200414","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $DOW 1 day after a corporate insider (Yohannes Daniel  (CIK 0001699621)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOW","filer":"Yohannes Daniel  (CIK 0001699621)","filingDate":"2020-04-13","adsh":"0001225208-20-006420","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_VZ_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $VZ 1 day after a corporate insider (Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)","filingDate":"2020-04-06","adsh":"0001611593-20-000106","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_DD_20200221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $DD 1 day after a corporate insider (ICONIQ STRATEGIC PARTNERS II, L.P.  (CIK 0001619710)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DD","filer":"ICONIQ STRATEGIC PARTNERS II, L.P.  (CIK 0001619710)","filingDate":"2020-02-20","adsh":"0000899243-20-005402","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_AIG_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AIG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $AIG 1 day after a corporate insider (VARIABLE ANNUITY LIFE INSURANCE CO /TX/  (CIK 0000910586)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AIG","filer":"VARIABLE ANNUITY LIFE INSURANCE CO /TX/  (CIK 0000910586)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-021247","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_DFS_20200205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DFS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $DFS 1 day after a corporate insider (Hughes Brian  (CIK 0001675883)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DFS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DFS","filer":"Hughes Brian  (CIK 0001675883)","filingDate":"2020-02-04","adsh":"0001209191-20-006712","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_CTXS_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CTXS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $CTXS 1 day after a corporate insider (VAN ROTTERDAM JEROEN  (CIK 0001717899)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTXS","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTXS","filer":"VAN ROTTERDAM JEROEN  (CIK 0001717899)","filingDate":"2020-04-06","adsh":"0000877890-20-000147","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_AMZN_20200227","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $AMZN 2 days after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0000899243-20-005753","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_CVX_20200304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CVX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $CVX 2 days after a corporate insider (Frank John  (CIK 0001372819)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"Frank John  (CIK 0001372819)","filingDate":"2020-03-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-008690","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_K_20200221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $K 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $K 2 days after a corporate insider (Sandberg Sheryl  (CIK 0001366010)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"K","filer":"Sandberg Sheryl  (CIK 0001366010)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-006611","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_ADM_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ADM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $ADM 3 days after a corporate insider (McClain Mark D.  (CIK 0001722498)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADM","filer":"McClain Mark D.  (CIK 0001722498)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-019665","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_CAH_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CAH 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $CAH 3 days after a corporate insider (Mayer Jessica L  (CIK 0001771383)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAH","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAH","filer":"Mayer Jessica L  (CIK 0001771383)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0000721371-20-000029","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_HIG_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HIG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $HIG 3 days after a corporate insider (FETTER TREVOR  (CIK 0001205447)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HIG","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HIG","filer":"FETTER TREVOR  (CIK 0001205447)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001225208-20-005234","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_ARNA_20200210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ARNA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $ARNA 3 days after a corporate insider (Aurentz Vincent  (CIK 0001657494)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARNA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARNA","filer":"Aurentz Vincent  (CIK 0001657494)","filingDate":"2020-02-07","adsh":"0001209191-20-007535","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_KO_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KO 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $KO 4 days after a corporate insider (Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001318568-20-000078","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_ABT_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $ABT 4 days after a corporate insider (Scoggins Christopher J  (CIK 0001772286)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Scoggins Christopher J  (CIK 0001772286)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001179110-20-004686","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_T_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $T 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $T 4 days after a corporate insider (RANKIN ALFRED M ET AL  (CIK 0000904532)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"RANKIN ALFRED M ET AL  (CIK 0000904532)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013196","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_PRU_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PRU 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $PRU 4 days after a corporate insider (KRAPEK KARL J  (CIK 0001238288)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PRU","filer":"KRAPEK KARL J  (CIK 0001238288)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-010905","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_MPC_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MPC 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $MPC 4 days after a corporate insider (Al Khayyal Abdulaziz Fahd  (CIK 0001627197)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPC","filer":"Al Khayyal Abdulaziz Fahd  (CIK 0001627197)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-022972","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_CVS_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CVS 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $CVS 4 days after a corporate insider (Lynch Karen S  (CIK 0001333760)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVS","filer":"Lynch Karen S  (CIK 0001333760)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013236","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_EBAY_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $EBAY 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $EBAY 4 days after a corporate insider (Lee Jae Hyun  (CIK 0001646842)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EBAY","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EBAY","filer":"Lee Jae Hyun  (CIK 0001646842)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001789843-20-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_CAT_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CAT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $CAT 4 days after a corporate insider (CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001654648-20-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_AIZ_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AIZ 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $AIZ 4 days after a corporate insider (Colberg Alan B.  (CIK 0001516501)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AIZ","filer":"Colberg Alan B.  (CIK 0001516501)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001209191-20-019310","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_VTR_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VTR 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $VTR 4 days after a corporate insider (Martino Roxanne M  (CIK 0001676558)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTR","filer":"Martino Roxanne M  (CIK 0001676558)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0000740260-20-000077","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_HIG_20200309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HIG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $HIG 4 days after a corporate insider (Lewis Scott R.  (CIK 0001576319)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HIG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HIG","filer":"Lewis Scott R.  (CIK 0001576319)","filingDate":"2020-03-05","adsh":"0001225208-20-004426","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000594_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+7 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler accumulated 32 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 7 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":7,"totalRaw":32}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_EMR_20200205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EMR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $EMR 1 day before a corporate insider (KENDLE CANDACE B  (CIK 0001055097)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EMR","filer":"KENDLE CANDACE B  (CIK 0001055097)","filingDate":"2020-02-06","adsh":"0000950138-20-000078"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_AMZN_20200224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0000899243-20-005753"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_DD_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $DD 1 day before a corporate insider (CURTIN TERRENCE R  (CIK 0001401842)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DD","filer":"CURTIN TERRENCE R  (CIK 0001401842)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001666700-20-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_RTX_20200407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RTX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $RTX 1 day before a corporate insider (Kennedy Thomas A  (CIK 0001495635)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTX","filer":"Kennedy Thomas A  (CIK 0001495635)","filingDate":"2020-04-08","adsh":"0000947871-20-000333"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_DG_20200317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $DG 2 days before a corporate insider (Kindy Michael J  (CIK 0001672204)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"Kindy Michael J  (CIK 0001672204)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0000029534-20-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_ICE_20200218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ICE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $ICE 2 days before a corporate insider (Seiders Roy J  (CIK 0001679611)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","action":"BUY","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ICE","filer":"Seiders Roy J  (CIK 0001679611)","filingDate":"2020-02-20","adsh":"0001104659-20-023510"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_TDG_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TDG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $TDG 2 days before a corporate insider (BARR DAVID  (CIK 0001239309)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TDG","filer":"BARR DAVID  (CIK 0001239309)","filingDate":"2020-03-20","adsh":"0001209191-20-020492"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_COST_20200407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COST 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $COST 2 days before a corporate insider (COST TIMOTHY  (CIK 0001174702)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"COST TIMOTHY  (CIK 0001174702)","filingDate":"2020-04-09","adsh":"0001567619-20-007755"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_CME_20200226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CME 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $CME 2 days before a corporate insider (Pankau Ronald A.  (CIK 0001523463)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CME","filer":"Pankau Ronald A.  (CIK 0001523463)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0001156375-20-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_AIZ_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AIZ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $AIZ 2 days before a corporate insider (Mergelmeyer Gene  (CIK 0001407462)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AIZ","filer":"Mergelmeyer Gene  (CIK 0001407462)","filingDate":"2020-03-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-018158"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_HIG_20200407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HIG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $HIG 2 days before a corporate insider (Rodden Lori A  (CIK 0001790524)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HIG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HIG","filer":"Rodden Lori A  (CIK 0001790524)","filingDate":"2020-04-09","adsh":"0001225208-20-006303"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_ARNA_20200226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ARNA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $ARNA 2 days before a corporate insider (SPECTOR STEVEN W  (CIK 0001170362)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARNA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARNA","filer":"SPECTOR STEVEN W  (CIK 0001170362)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0001209191-20-014125"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_PRU_20200313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PRU 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $PRU 3 days before a corporate insider (KRAPEK KARL J  (CIK 0001238288)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PRU","filer":"KRAPEK KARL J  (CIK 0001238288)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-010905"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_LULU_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LULU 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $LULU 3 days before a corporate insider (Wilson Dennis J.  (CIK 0001407029)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LULU","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LULU","filer":"Wilson Dennis J.  (CIK 0001407029)","filingDate":"2020-03-06","adsh":"0000899243-20-007432"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_DFS_20200121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DFS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $DFS 3 days before a corporate insider (Walcott Wanjiku Juanita  (CIK 0001781373)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DFS","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DFS","filer":"Walcott Wanjiku Juanita  (CIK 0001781373)","filingDate":"2020-01-24","adsh":"0000905148-20-000129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_AFL_20200214","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AFL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $AFL 4 days before a corporate insider (BEAVER STEVEN KENT  (CIK 0001776900)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AFL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AFL","filer":"BEAVER STEVEN KENT  (CIK 0001776900)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0000004977-20-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_RTN_20200403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RTN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $RTN 4 days before a corporate insider (Work Robert O  (CIK 0001714048)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTN","filer":"Work Robert O  (CIK 0001714048)","filingDate":"2020-04-07","adsh":"0001047122-20-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_PANW_20200304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PANW 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $PANW 5 days before a corporate insider (Arora Nikesh  (CIK 0001468233)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PANW","filer":"Arora Nikesh  (CIK 0001468233)","filingDate":"2020-03-09","adsh":"0001209191-20-017267"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_CAT_20200414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $CAT 6 days before a corporate insider (CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)","filingDate":"2020-04-20","adsh":"0001654648-20-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_FB_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $FB 7 days before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2020-03-10","adsh":"0001649749-20-000062"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_KEY_20200407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KEY 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $KEY 7 days before a corporate insider (Key Daniel P  (CIK 0001765650)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEY","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KEY","filer":"Key Daniel P  (CIK 0001765650)","filingDate":"2020-04-14","adsh":"0001127602-20-013694"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_AIG_20200327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AIG 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler buy $AIG 7 days before a corporate insider (Porrino Peter R  (CIK 0001528881)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AIG","filer":"Porrino Peter R  (CIK 0001528881)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001225208-20-006046"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_FB_20200224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $FB 8 days before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001649749-20-000034"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_HON_20200205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $HON 8 days before a corporate insider (Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)","filingDate":"2020-02-13","adsh":"0001562180-20-001148"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_VTR_20200407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VTR 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler sell $VTR 8 days before a corporate insider (Martino Roxanne M  (CIK 0001676558)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTR","filer":"Martino Roxanne M  (CIK 0001676558)","filingDate":"2020-04-15","adsh":"0000740260-20-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000594_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+10 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler accumulated 35 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 10 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":10,"totalRaw":35}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_L000594_2020-03-22_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RTX 16 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler delivered a 682-word floor speech on 2020-03-22 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam President, I want to begin with my gratitude and respect for those on the frontlines in Georgia and across America today. The doctors, nurses, first responders, em- ployees in our grocery stores…\"). The member buy $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 16 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-03-22","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":682,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam President, I want to begin with my gratitude and respect for those on the frontlines in Georgia and across America today. The doctors, nurses, first responders, em- ployees in our grocery stores","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/22/166/56/CREC-2020-03-22-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/22/166/56/CREC-2020-03-22-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_L000594_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"135 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-04-07 — 91 unique tickers","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler executed 135 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14), spanning 91 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-04-07","windowEnd":"2020-04-14","tradeCount":135,"uniqueTickers":91,"totalDisclosedTrades":264,"sampleTickers":["DD","AFL","GOOGL","UL","CR","WMT","CVX","DIS","PANW","ABT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000594","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 116 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 116 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (22); lobbying timeline trade (20); daily donation spike (8).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":116,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":22},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":20},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000594","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P137_L000594","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Loeffler ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $203M across 3 cycles","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler's FEC-bulk record shows $202.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 3 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":202.89,"cycleCount":3,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0GA00526"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0GA00526/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_L000594","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Loeffler disclosed 103 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 23 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY ICE $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler has filed 103 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 23 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY ICE $250,001 - $500,000 on 2020-09-23 · SELL ICE $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2020-09-23 · SELL ICE $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 on 2020-07-22 · SELL ICE $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2020-05-20.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":103,"veryHighCount":23,"lowerBoundSum":37100103,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ICE","action":"BUY","date":"2020-09-23","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","action":"SELL","date":"2020-09-23","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","action":"SELL","date":"2020-07-22","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","action":"SELL","date":"2020-05-20","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","action":"SELL","date":"2020-05-20","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","action":"BUY","date":"2020-05-20","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_L000594","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Loeffler executed 59 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ICE (0d apart)","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler has 59 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ICE 2020-02-26 → 2020-02-26 (0d) · SELL→BUY ICE 2020-05-20 → 2020-05-20 (0d) · BUY→SELL ICE 2020-09-23 → 2020-09-23 (0d) · BUY→SELL CAT 2020-04-07 → 2020-04-14 (7d) · SELL→BUY DD 2020-02-21 → 2020-02-28 (7d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":59,"samples":[{"ticker":"ICE","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-26","date2":"2020-02-26","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-05-20","date2":"2020-05-20","amount1":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-09-23","date2":"2020-09-23","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"CAT","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-07","date2":"2020-04-14","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"DD","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-02-21","date2":"2020-02-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"DD","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-07","date2":"2020-04-07","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CTSH","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-07","date2":"2020-04-14","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HIG","days":11,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-03-09","date2":"2020-03-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_L000594","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Loeffler triggers 34 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler accumulates 34 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":34,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_L000594_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Loeffler — 102 trades on 2020-04-07","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler disclosed 102 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-04-07). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-04-07","count":102}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_L000594","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kelly Loeffler — 90% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (237/264)","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 90% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":264,"atBracket":237,"pct":"89.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_L000594","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Loeffler — 110 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler has traded 110 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":110,"sample":["ICE","CAT","STT","DD","CTSH","HIG","DAL","DOW","AGN","MO"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_L000594_ICE","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kelly Loeffler — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker ICE","explanation":"Kelly Loeffler traded ICE on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the ICE trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"ICE","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001206":[{"id":"P1_S001206_rea8qi","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL UNH 8d BEFORE SRES 97 — \"A resolution affirming the importance of exercise…\" · sponsor D-PA","explanation":"Member traded UNH (Healthcare) within 8 days of SRES 97 \"A resolution affirming the importance of exercise and physical activity as key c\", sponsored by Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","date":"2019-02-15","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 97","title":"A resolution affirming the importance of exercise and physical activity as key components of a healthy lifestyle, includ","introducedDate":"2019-02-23","daysDiff":-8,"sponsorName":"Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA]","sponsorBioguide":"C001070","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"PA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%2097"]},{"id":"P14_S001206_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2549 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,427,859 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2549× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,427,859. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":2549,"total":1427859,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001206_eojmyb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,400 donation spike on 2018-03-21 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-21 this committee recorded $120,400 across 51 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,061.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00672311","date":"2018-03-21","amount":120400,"count":51,"baseline":16061,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00672311/"]},{"id":"P15_S001206_eojmzv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,000 donation spike on 2018-03-07 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-07 this committee recorded $55,000 across 32 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,094.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00672311","date":"2018-03-07","amount":55000,"count":32,"baseline":5094,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00672311/"]},{"id":"P17_S001206_LIN_2019-06-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-06-20 and 2019-06-24, 3 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2019-06-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001190","name":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"}],"span":"2019-06-20 to 2019-06-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_AAGIY_2019-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AAGIY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-08 and 2019-04-09, 3 members took the same direction on AAGIY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAGIY","date":"2019-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAGIY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-08 to 2019-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_NPSNY_2019-01-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NPSNY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-30 and 2019-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on NPSNY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NPSNY","date":"2019-01-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NPSNY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-30 to 2019-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_RDS.B_2019-03-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-11 and 2019-03-18, 3 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"}],"span":"2019-03-11 to 2019-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_RDS.B_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-25, 4 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_RDS.B_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RDS.B within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-25, 3 members took the same direction on RDS.B. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RDS.B","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RDS.B","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_FANUY_2019-01-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FANUY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-11 and 2019-01-18, 3 members took the same direction on FANUY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANUY","date":"2019-01-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FANUY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-11 to 2019-01-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_FANUY_2019-01-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FANUY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-15 and 2019-01-18, 3 members took the same direction on FANUY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANUY","date":"2019-01-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FANUY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-15 to 2019-01-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_RHHBY_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RHHBY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on RHHBY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RHHBY","date":"2019-01-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RHHBY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_RIO_2019-04-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RIO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-10 and 2019-04-15, 3 members took the same direction on RIO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RIO","date":"2019-04-10","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RIO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-10 to 2019-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_CHL_2019-03-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CHL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-15 and 2019-03-21, 3 members took the same direction on CHL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHL","date":"2019-03-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CHL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-03-15 to 2019-03-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_DASTY_2019-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DASTY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-18 and 2019-03-22, 3 members took the same direction on DASTY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASTY","date":"2019-03-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DASTY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-03-18 to 2019-03-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_DASTY_2019-03-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DASTY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-19 and 2019-03-22, 3 members took the same direction on DASTY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DASTY","date":"2019-03-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DASTY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-03-19 to 2019-03-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_FMX_2019-04-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FMX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-05 and 2019-04-10, 3 members took the same direction on FMX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FMX","date":"2019-04-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FMX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-05 to 2019-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_JGCCY_2019-05-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold JGCCY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-10 and 2019-05-17, 3 members took the same direction on JGCCY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JGCCY","date":"2019-05-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"JGCCY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-05-10 to 2019-05-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_BAYRY_2019-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BAYRY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-11 and 2019-04-15, 3 members took the same direction on BAYRY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAYRY","date":"2019-04-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BAYRY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-04-11 to 2019-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_MONOY_2019-03-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MONOY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-20 and 2019-03-25, 3 members took the same direction on MONOY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MONOY","date":"2019-03-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MONOY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-03-20 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001206_LVMUY_2019-02-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LVMUY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-02-19 and 2019-02-25, 3 members took the same direction on LVMUY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LVMUY","date":"2019-02-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LVMUY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-02-19 to 2019-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001206_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Donna E. Shalala executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TEVA","date":"2020-05-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Enforcement Discretion Under HIPAA To Allow Uses and Disclosures of Protected Health Information by Business Associates ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_S001206_dd4jll","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 5 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala sits on committees overseeing Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor and traded 5 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2019-08-28","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2019-08-28","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2019-08-28","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BRKR","date":"2019-06-24","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":401513.95999999996,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IRM","date":"2019-03-06","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":162916.71,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S001206","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"99% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 15.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 559 disclosed trades, 551 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 15.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":551,"total":559,"rate":98.6},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":15.31}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_S001206","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala sits on committees regulating Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor and actively trades in Pharma, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":18},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001206","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_S001206_UNH_20190215","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2019-Q1 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala executed a sell in UNH during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-15","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_S001206_TGNA_20200507","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TGNA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala sell $TGNA 2 days after a corporate insider (NESS SUSAN  (CIK 0001237303)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGNA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGNA","filer":"NESS SUSAN  (CIK 0001237303)","filingDate":"2020-05-05","adsh":"0001214659-20-004094","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001206_LEN_20200513","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LEN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala sell $LEN 1 day before a corporate insider (WILLIAMS LEN E  (CIK 0001375333)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LEN","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LEN","filer":"WILLIAMS LEN E  (CIK 0001375333)","filingDate":"2020-05-14","adsh":"0001209191-20-029219"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_S001206_2019-09-10_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 13 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala delivered a 338-word floor speech on 2019-09-10 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Florida (Mr. HAS- TINGS), my good friend and a distin- guished Congressman, for yielding me time. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of this rule and these t…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-09-10","chamber":"House","wordCount":338,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Florida (Mr. HAS- TINGS), my good friend and a distin- guished Congressman, for yielding me time. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of this rule and these t","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/09/10/CREC-2019-09-10-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/09/10/CREC-2019-09-10-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001206_2019-05-22_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WFC 2 days before a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala delivered a 528-word floor speech on 2019-05-22 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise to celebrate the life of one of the greatest public servants of any age, the indomi- table Alice Rivlin, who died of cancer last week. An intellectual giant with Mid- western sensi…\"). The member buy $WFC (a Finance-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-05-22","chamber":"House","wordCount":528,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise to celebrate the life of one of the greatest public servants of any age, the indomi- table Alice Rivlin, who died of cancer last week. An intellectual giant with Mid- western sensi","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/22/CREC-2019-05-22-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/22/CREC-2019-05-22-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001206_2019-05-09_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 11 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala delivered a 2330-word floor speech on 2019-05-09 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. JACKSON LEE ). Ms. JACKSON LEE. Madam Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Florida for yielding, and I thank her for her leadership…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 11 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-05-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":2330,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. JACKSON LEE ). Ms. JACKSON LEE. Madam Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Florida for yielding, and I thank her for her leadership","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/09/CREC-2019-05-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/09/CREC-2019-05-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001206_2019-05-01_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $COP 19 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala delivered a 151-word floor speech on 2019-05-01 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I have an amendment at the desk. The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: Page 7, after line 5, insert the following: (9) Arti…\"). The member buy $COP (a Energy-sector stock) 19 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-05-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":151,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I have an amendment at the desk. The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: Page 7, after line 5, insert the following: (9) Arti","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/01/CREC-2019-05-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/01/CREC-2019-05-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001206_2019-03-12_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNH 25 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala delivered a 217-word floor speech on 2019-03-12 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, last weekend, I traveled to the Colombia- Venezuela border to see firsthand the catastrophic humanitarian and public health crisis caused by the criminal Maduro regime. I met with refug…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 25 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-03-12","chamber":"House","wordCount":217,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, last weekend, I traveled to the Colombia- Venezuela border to see firsthand the catastrophic humanitarian and public health crisis caused by the criminal Maduro regime. I met with refug","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/12/165/44/CREC-2019-03-12-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/12/165/44/CREC-2019-03-12-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001206_2019-03-06_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COP 29 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala delivered a 290-word floor speech on 2019-03-06 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, last year, we learned that of the 59 EPA hires, roughly a third worked as reg- istered lobbyists or lawyers for fossil fuel producers, chemical manufactur- ers, or other corporate client…\"). The member sell $COP (a Energy-sector stock) 29 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-03-06","chamber":"House","wordCount":290,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, last year, we learned that of the 59 EPA hires, roughly a third worked as reg- istered lobbyists or lawyers for fossil fuel producers, chemical manufactur- ers, or other corporate client","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/06/CREC-2019-03-06-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/06/CREC-2019-03-06-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001206_2019-02-08_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $JNJ 3 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala delivered a 337-word floor speech on 2019-02-08 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, my first friend and mentor in Washington was Chairman Dingell. Big John guided me during all of my years as HHS Sec- retary. He was a towering figure in the House, passionate about heal…\"). The member sell $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-02-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":337,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, my first friend and mentor in Washington was Chairman Dingell. Big John guided me during all of my years as HHS Sec- retary. He was a towering figure in the House, passionate about heal","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/02/08/CREC-2019-02-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/02/08/CREC-2019-02-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_S001206_2019-06-19","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"208 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2019-06-19 — 204 unique tickers","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala executed 208 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2019-06-19 to 2019-06-24), spanning 204 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2019-06-19","windowEnd":"2019-06-24","tradeCount":208,"uniqueTickers":204,"totalDisclosedTrades":559,"sampleTickers":["PACW","EXAS","UMPQ","PDCE","PS","NVCR","LZAGY","AVY","ABEV","NEOG"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001206","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 38 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 38 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: coordinated trade cluster (18); speech advocacy trade (7); daily donation spike (2); trade near vote (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":38,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":18},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001206","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_S001206","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Donna E. Shalala disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL LEN $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL LEN $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-06-19 · SELL LEN $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-05-13 · SELL LEN $250,001 - $500,000 on 2020-05-07.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":450003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"LEN","action":"SELL","date":"2020-06-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LEN","action":"SELL","date":"2020-05-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LEN","action":"SELL","date":"2020-05-07","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S001206","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donna E. Shalala executed 14 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY NSRGY (10d apart)","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala has 14 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY NSRGY 2019-02-05 → 2019-02-15 (10d) · BUY→SELL NVCR 2019-06-19 → 2019-06-24 (5d) · BUY→SELL CXP 2019-06-04 → 2019-06-24 (20d) · BUY→SELL PRA 2019-06-04 → 2019-06-24 (20d) · BUY→SELL UBSI 2019-06-04 → 2019-06-24 (20d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":14,"samples":[{"ticker":"NSRGY","days":10,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-02-05","date2":"2019-02-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NVCR","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-06-19","date2":"2019-06-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CXP","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-06-04","date2":"2019-06-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PRA","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-06-04","date2":"2019-06-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UBSI","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-06-04","date2":"2019-06-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LAUR","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-06-04","date2":"2019-06-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"EXAS","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-06-19","date2":"2019-06-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AVGO","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-06-04","date2":"2019-06-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001206","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donna E. Shalala triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001206_2019-06-24","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donna E. Shalala — 202 trades on 2019-06-24","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala disclosed 202 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2019-06-24). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2019-06-24","count":202}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_S001206","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Donna E. Shalala — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (558/559)","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":559,"atBracket":558,"pct":"99.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001206","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donna E. Shalala — 309 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Donna E. Shalala has traded 309 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":309,"sample":["LEN.B","LEN","TEVA","TGNA","WSO","GCI","MD","MCD","CVX","DOW"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"P000612":[{"id":"P1_P000612_t9cf3c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BAC 11d BEFORE HR 4068 — \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Tec…\" · sponsor R-AL","explanation":"Member traded BAC (Finance) within 11 days of HR 4068 \"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of H\", sponsored by Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2020-01-30","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4068","title":"To require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in the Department of Homeland Security to contract with an ind","introducedDate":"2020-02-10","daysDiff":-11,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]","sponsorBioguide":"R000575","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"AL","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204068"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_vimsfy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY CTSH 1d BEFORE HR 6012 — \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to…\" · sponsor R-TX","explanation":"Member traded CTSH (Technology) within 1 days of HR 6012 \"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain \", sponsored by Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTSH","date":"2019-11-14","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 6012","title":"To authorize the Secretary of Homeland Security to provide to owners of certain intellectual property rights information","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-1,"sponsorName":"Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10]","sponsorBioguide":"M001157","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"TX","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%206012"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_rqowll","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY FDX 4d BEFORE HR 4269 — \"To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Cod…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded FDX (Transportation) within 4 days of HR 4269 \"To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to more comprehensively add\", sponsored by Rep. Griffith, H. Morgan [R-VA-9].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2019-11-11","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4269","title":"To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to more comprehensively address the interstate transportation of fi","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-4,"sponsorName":"Rep. Griffith, H. Morgan [R-VA-9]","sponsorBioguide":"G000568","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204269"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_vdyhzp","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY RF 4d BEFORE HR 441 — \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any pers…\" · sponsor R-MT","explanation":"Member traded RF (Finance) within 4 days of HR 441 \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies ap\", sponsored by Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RF","date":"2019-11-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 441","title":"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies appropriate security personnel of suspicio","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-4,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"R000571","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"MT","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20441"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_rqowll","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY FDX 4d BEFORE HR 4269 — \"To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Cod…\" · sponsor R-VA","explanation":"Member traded FDX (Transportation) within 4 days of HR 4269 \"To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to more comprehensively add\", sponsored by Rep. Griffith, H. Morgan [R-VA-9].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2019-11-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 4269","title":"To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to more comprehensively address the interstate transportation of fi","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-4,"sponsorName":"Rep. Griffith, H. Morgan [R-VA-9]","sponsorBioguide":"G000568","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"VA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%204269"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_2x70iy","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL BWXT 2d after SRES 330 — \"A resolution designating January 27, 2012, as a na…\" · sponsor R-ID","explanation":"Member traded BWXT (Defense) within 2 days of SRES 330 \"A resolution designating January 27, 2012, as a national day of remembrance for \", sponsored by Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BWXT","date":"2019-02-26","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 330","title":"A resolution designating January 27, 2012, as a national day of remembrance for Americans who, during the Cold War, work","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":2,"sponsorName":"Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID]","sponsorBioguide":"C000880","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"ID","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20330"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_oav9w7","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MSFT 1d after S 2586 — \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty…\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded MSFT (Technology) within 1 days of S 2586 \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for m\", sponsored by Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2019-02-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2586","title":"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for measuring equipment for telecommunication","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]","sponsorBioguide":"F000062","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202586"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_j4kicv","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL CSCO 1d after S 2586 — \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty…\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded CSCO (Technology) within 1 days of S 2586 \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for m\", sponsored by Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2019-02-25","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2586","title":"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for measuring equipment for telecommunication","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":1,"sponsorName":"Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]","sponsorBioguide":"F000062","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202586"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_89qlaz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL TRGP 4d BEFORE S 2591 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultravio…\" · sponsor D-DE","explanation":"Member traded TRGP (Energy) within 4 days of S 2591 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultraviolet lamps filled with deuteriu\", sponsored by Sen. Carper, Thomas R. [D-DE].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRGP","date":"2019-02-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2591","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on ultraviolet lamps filled with deuterium gas.","introducedDate":"2019-02-23","daysDiff":-4,"sponsorName":"Sen. Carper, Thomas R. [D-DE]","sponsorBioguide":"C000174","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"DE","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202591"]},{"id":"P1_P000612_d0qes6","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL MOS 5d BEFORE S 2509 — \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programm…\" · sponsor D-IA","explanation":"Member traded MOS (Agriculture) within 5 days of S 2509 \"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programmable controllers certified by \", sponsored by Sen. Harkin, Tom [D-IA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MOS","date":"2019-02-19","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2509","title":"A bill to suspend temporarily the duty on programmable controllers certified by the importer as designed for use in agri","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":-5,"sponsorName":"Sen. Harkin, Tom [D-IA]","sponsorBioguide":"H000206","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"IA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202509"]},{"id":"P13_P000612_1valu","pattern_type":"P13_FRAUD_FILER_EXPOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received contributions from 1 FEC-flagged false/fictitious filer(s)","explanation":"This member's campaign received funds from committee(s) the FEC has flagged for false or fictitious filings — a compliance red flag requiring documentation.","evidence":[{"source":"false_fictitious","name":"MERCER FOR PRESIDENT","total":192000000,"cmteId":"C00428599"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/filings/?data_type=processed&q_filer=C00428599"]},{"id":"P14_P000612_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"217217 employees of RETIRED gave $20,484,629 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 217217× RETIRED = $20,484,629; 21903× SELF-EMPLOYED = $3,847,523; 2796× NONE = $3,383,055. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":217217,"total":20484629,"years":["2013","2014","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":21903,"total":3847523,"years":["2013","2014","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":2796,"total":3383055,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2019","2020"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000612_yhnxwl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,282,513 donation spike on 2020-11-09 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-09 this committee recorded $2,282,513 across 5090 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $286,838.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547570","date":"2020-11-09","amount":2282513,"count":5090,"baseline":286838,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547570/"]},{"id":"P15_P000612_yhnxwk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,393,060 donation spike on 2020-11-08 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-08 this committee recorded $1,393,060 across 3595 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $209,021.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547570","date":"2020-11-08","amount":1393060,"count":3595,"baseline":209021,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547570/"]},{"id":"P15_P000612_yhnxwj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,250,800 donation spike on 2020-11-07 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-07 this committee recorded $1,250,800 across 3484 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $161,776.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547570","date":"2020-11-07","amount":1250800,"count":3484,"baseline":161776,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547570/"]},{"id":"P15_P000612_yhnxwi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,183,612 donation spike on 2020-11-06 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-06 this committee recorded $1,183,612 across 3112 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $119,849.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547570","date":"2020-11-06","amount":1183612,"count":3112,"baseline":119849,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547570/"]},{"id":"P15_P000612_6nw4vf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,081,675 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $1,081,675 across 699 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $151,119.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547570","date":"2014-09-30","amount":1081675,"count":699,"baseline":151119,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547570/"]},{"id":"P15_P000612_6nxew6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,031,000 donation spike on 2014-07-11 — 15.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-07-11 this committee recorded $1,031,000 across 40 contributions — 15.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $66,657.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547570","date":"2014-07-11","amount":1031000,"count":40,"baseline":66657,"ratio":15.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547570/"]},{"id":"P15_P000612_6nzbvm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,008,700 donation spike on 2014-04-01 — 20.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-04-01 this committee recorded $1,008,700 across 6 contributions — 20.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $49,366.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547570","date":"2014-04-01","amount":1008700,"count":6,"baseline":49366,"ratio":20.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547570/"]},{"id":"P15_P000612_lcaf3g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$756,566 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 21.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $756,566 across 53 contributions — 21.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $35,788.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547570","date":"2013-09-30","amount":756566,"count":53,"baseline":35788,"ratio":21.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547570/"]},{"id":"P17_P000612_ENTG_2019-07-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-07-12 and 2019-07-12, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2019-07-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-07-12 to 2019-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_ENTG_2020-01-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-10 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-10 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_ENTG_2020-01-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-13 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-13 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_ENTG_2020-01-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-14 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2020-01-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-14 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_USB_2020-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold USB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-08 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on USB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2020-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"USB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000593","name":"Ed Perlmutter"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-04-08 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_UPS_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UPS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-14, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UPS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UPS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_BK_2015-09-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-09-02 and 2015-09-09, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2015-09-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2015-09-02 to 2015-09-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_QCOM_2017-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-31 and 2017-11-07, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2017-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"},{"bioguideId":"C001075","name":"Bill Cassidy"}],"span":"2017-10-31 to 2017-11-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_QCOM_2017-11-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-11-07 and 2017-11-07, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2017-11-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"},{"bioguideId":"C001075","name":"Bill Cassidy"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2017-11-07 to 2017-11-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_BA_2020-04-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-09 and 2020-04-16, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on BA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-04-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-04-09 to 2020-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_BA_2020-04-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-14 and 2020-04-17, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on BA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C001068","name":"Steve Cohen"}],"span":"2020-04-14 to 2020-04-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_DWDP_2017-09-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DWDP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-09-01 and 2017-09-07, 3 members took the same direction on DWDP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DWDP","date":"2017-09-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DWDP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"}],"span":"2017-09-01 to 2017-09-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_SYY_2020-03-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-20 and 2020-03-27, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-03-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2020-03-20 to 2020-03-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_STT_2019-08-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought STT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-07 and 2019-08-13, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on STT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2019-08-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"STT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-08-07 to 2019-08-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_HCA_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold HCA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on HCA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HCA","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HCA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_BKNG_2019-03-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-26 and 2019-03-26, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2019-03-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-03-26 to 2019-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_GLW_2019-05-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GLW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-08 and 2019-05-15, 3 members took the same direction on GLW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GLW","date":"2019-05-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GLW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-05-08 to 2019-05-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_GLW_2019-05-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GLW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-11 and 2019-05-17, 3 members took the same direction on GLW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GLW","date":"2019-05-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GLW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-05-11 to 2019-05-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_GPK_2020-01-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GPK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-22 and 2020-01-29, 3 members took the same direction on GPK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPK","date":"2020-01-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GPK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"}],"span":"2020-01-22 to 2020-01-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_GPK_2020-01-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GPK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-27 and 2020-01-29, 3 members took the same direction on GPK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPK","date":"2020-01-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GPK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"}],"span":"2020-01-27 to 2020-01-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_CAT_2020-04-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CAT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-14 and 2020-04-16, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CAT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CAT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-04-14 to 2020-04-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_EBAY_2015-07-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold EBAY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-07-21 and 2015-07-27, 3 members took the same direction on EBAY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EBAY","date":"2015-07-21","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EBAY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2015-07-21 to 2015-07-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_BMY_2016-08-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-05 and 2016-08-11, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2016-08-05 to 2016-08-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_GM_2018-07-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-05 and 2018-07-12, 3 members took the same direction on GM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","date":"2018-07-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"}],"span":"2018-07-05 to 2018-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_GM_2018-07-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-06 and 2018-07-12, 3 members took the same direction on GM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","date":"2018-07-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"}],"span":"2018-07-06 to 2018-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000612_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Perdue executed 20 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tobacco Products; Required Warnings for Cigarette Packages and Advertisements","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tobacco Products; Required Warnings for Cigarette Packages and Advertisements","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000612_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Perdue executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2019-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-7,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Guard Bureau Privacy Program","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Guard Bureau Privacy Program","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000612_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Perdue executed 28 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Guidance Under Section 355(e) Regarding Predecessors, Successors, and Limitation on Gain Recognition; Guidance Under Sec","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Guidance Under Section 355(e) Regarding Predecessors, Successors, and Limitation on Gain Recognition; Guidance Under Sec","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000612_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"35 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Perdue executed 35 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PBA","date":"2020-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2020-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LNG","date":"2020-04-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Air Plan Approval; Massachusetts; Infrastructure State Implementation Plan Requirements for the 2015 Ozone Standard","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-03-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000612_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Perdue executed 32 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Sablefish Managed Under the Individual Fishing Quota Program","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Sablefish Managed Under the Individual Fishing Quota Program","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000612_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Perdue executed 7 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2020-04-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-22,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-02-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-6,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_P000612_fu3gfw","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63 trades in DISCA (Other) — 3% of this member's 2004 total trades","explanation":"David Perdue has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"DISCA","count":63,"buys":35,"sells":28,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-03-13","lastDate":"2018-11-27"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"FDC","count":58,"buys":27,"sells":31,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2017-06-02","lastDate":"2019-04-15"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"CZR","count":55,"buys":28,"sells":27,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2017-06-21","lastDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"URBN","count":53,"buys":35,"sells":18,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2017-05-11","lastDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"PFE","count":53,"buys":19,"sells":34,"sector":"Pharma","firstDate":"2015-04-29","lastDate":"2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000612","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 95 total findings","explanation":"David Perdue has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":95,"highSeverityCount":17,"patternsList":["P13_FRAUD_FILER_EXPOSURE","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000612_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+43 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"P000612 accumulated 68 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 43 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 43 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":43,"totalRaw":68,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":43,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000612"]},{"id":"P40_P000612_KN_20180822","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in KN 28 days before SEC action","explanation":"David Perdue sold KN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2018-08-22","title":"Barry M. Kornfeld, et al., Lynette M. Robbins and Knowles Systems, Inc.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24243"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-25","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24243"]},{"id":"P40_P000612_ORCL_20160217","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in ORCL 12 days before SEC action","explanation":"David Perdue traded ORCL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2016-02-17","title":"Randy A. Hamdan and Oracle Consultants, LLC","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23470"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-05","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23470"]},{"id":"P40_P000612_ORCL_20160301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in ORCL 25 days before FTC action","explanation":"David Perdue traded ORCL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2016-03-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order in Oracle Java Security Case","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/03/ftc-approves-final-order-oracle-java-security-case"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-05","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/03/ftc-approves-final-order-oracle-java-security-case"]},{"id":"P40_P000612_SUN_20180301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in SUN 29 days before FTC action","explanation":"David Perdue traded SUN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2018-03-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Imposing Conditions on 7-Eleven’s Acquisition of Nearly 1,100 Retail Fuel Outlets from Competitor Sunoco","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2018/03/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-7-elevens-acquisition-nearly-1100-retail-fuel-outlets"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SUN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-02-09","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SUN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-02-05","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SUN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-31","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2018/03/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-7-elevens-acquisition-nearly-1100-retail-fuel-outlets"]},{"id":"P40_P000612_SYY_20150601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in SYY 26 days before FTC action","explanation":"David Perdue traded SYY within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2015-06-01","title":"Statement by Federal Trade Commission Bureau of Competition Director Debbie Feinstein on the Court Ruling Granting a Preliminary Injunction in the Sysco/U.S. Foods Matter","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2015/06/statement-federal-trade-commission-bureau-competition-director-debbie-feinstein-court-ruling"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-05-06","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2015/06/statement-federal-trade-commission-bureau-competition-director-debbie-feinstein-court-ruling"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_MSFT_20200416","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2020-Q2 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in MSFT during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-16","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","CORNERSTONE GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OBO MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_JNJ_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2020-Q2 while JOHNSON CONTROLS INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in JNJ during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON CONTROLS INC., JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["JOHNSON CONTROLS INC.","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.","STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_AMZN_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2020-Q2 while AMAZON.COM, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in AMZN during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON.COM, INC., AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON.COM, INC.","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_BAC_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2020-Q2 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in BAC during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION","BANK OF AMERICA, N.A."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_MA_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2020-Q2 while MASTERCARD had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in MA during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MASTERCARD, MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["MASTERCARD","MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_AAPL_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q2 while APPLE INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC, APPLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE INC","APPLE INC.","APPLE HOMECARE MEDICAL SUPPLY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_PFE_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of PFE in 2020-Q2 while PFIZER INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in PFE during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (PFIZER INC., PFIZER, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["PFIZER INC.","PFIZER, INC.","PFIZER INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_MRK_20200414","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2020-Q2 while MERCK & CO., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in MRK during 2020-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO., INC., MERCK & CO. INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14","quarter":"2020-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q2","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK & CO. INC.","MERCK & COMPANY, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_MRK_20180116","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MRK in 2018-Q1 while MERCK & CO., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a buy in MRK during 2018-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO., INC., MERCK & CO., INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-16","quarter":"2018-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q1","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK & CO., INC","INTERVET INC., D/B/A MERCK ANIMAL HEALTH"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000612_MRK_20171213","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2017-Q4 while MERCK & CO., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David Perdue executed a sell in MRK during 2017-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO., INC., MERCK & CO INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-13","quarter":"2017-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q4","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK & CO INC","MERCK & CO., INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_ORCL_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $ORCL 1 day after a corporate insider (MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"MOORMAN CHARLES W  (CIK 0001186073)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001127602-20-011994","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_DAL_20200227","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DAL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $DAL 1 day after a corporate insider (Taylor David S  (CIK 0001505989)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DAL","filer":"Taylor David S  (CIK 0001505989)","filingDate":"2020-02-26","adsh":"0001683168-20-000586","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_GPK_20200226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GPK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $GPK 1 day after a corporate insider (Scherger Stephen R.  (CIK 0001546877)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GPK","filer":"Scherger Stephen R.  (CIK 0001546877)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0001209191-20-012499","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_LYV_20200318","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LYV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $LYV 1 day after a corporate insider (Fu Ping  (CIK 0001742720)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LYV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LYV","filer":"Fu Ping  (CIK 0001742720)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001335258-20-000051","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_LNG_20200219","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LNG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $LNG 1 day after a corporate insider (Markowitz Sean N  (CIK 0001556797)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LNG","filer":"Markowitz Sean N  (CIK 0001556797)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0000003570-20-000035","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_HUN_20200317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HUN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $HUN 1 day after a corporate insider (Hankins Anthony P  (CIK 0001314488)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HUN","filer":"Hankins Anthony P  (CIK 0001314488)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001214659-20-002650","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_GEL_20200311","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GEL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $GEL 1 day after a corporate insider (Jesulaitis Kristen O  (CIK 0001694792)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GEL","filer":"Jesulaitis Kristen O  (CIK 0001694792)","filingDate":"2020-03-10","adsh":"0001022321-20-000048","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_UHAL_20200318","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UHAL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $UHAL 1 day after a corporate insider (Willow Grove Holdings LP  (CIK 0001662239)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UHAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UHAL","filer":"Willow Grove Holdings LP  (CIK 0001662239)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001225208-20-005217","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_KR_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $KR 2 days after a corporate insider (KARP ALLAN W  (CIK 0001024680)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"KARP ALLAN W  (CIK 0001024680)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0000899243-20-008896","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_PFE_20200403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PFE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $PFE 2 days after a corporate insider (ROGERS DAWN  (CIK 0001742308)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"ROGERS DAWN  (CIK 0001742308)","filingDate":"2020-04-01","adsh":"0001225208-20-005802","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_GM_20200318","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $GM 2 days after a corporate insider (Lucresca SE  (CIK 0001394212)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GM","filer":"Lucresca SE  (CIK 0001394212)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001104659-20-034170","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_VIAC_20200226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VIAC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $VIAC 2 days after a corporate insider (Byrne Barbara M  (CIK 0001753238)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIAC","filer":"Byrne Barbara M  (CIK 0001753238)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001225208-20-003310","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_PAGP_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PAGP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $PAGP 2 days after a corporate insider (SINNOTT ROBERT V  (CIK 0001188625)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAGP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAGP","filer":"SINNOTT ROBERT V  (CIK 0001188625)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0001615619-20-000052","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_DOW_20200416","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DOW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $DOW 3 days after a corporate insider (Yohannes Daniel  (CIK 0001699621)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOW","filer":"Yohannes Daniel  (CIK 0001699621)","filingDate":"2020-04-13","adsh":"0001225208-20-006420","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_SBUX_20200324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SBUX 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $SBUX 4 days after a corporate insider (Nadella Satya  (CIK 0001513142)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Nadella Satya  (CIK 0001513142)","filingDate":"2020-03-20","adsh":"0001127602-20-011668","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_MRK_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MRK 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $MRK 4 days after a corporate insider (GLOCER THOMAS H  (CIK 0001140799)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"GLOCER THOMAS H  (CIK 0001140799)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012716","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_LYV_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LYV 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $LYV 4 days after a corporate insider (Willard Elizabeth Kathleen  (CIK 0001345871)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LYV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LYV","filer":"Willard Elizabeth Kathleen  (CIK 0001345871)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001335258-20-000060","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_ALB_20200106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ALB 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $ALB 4 days after a corporate insider (KISSAM LUTHER C IV  (CIK 0001266395)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALB","filer":"KISSAM LUTHER C IV  (CIK 0001266395)","filingDate":"2020-01-02","adsh":"0000915913-20-000009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_CZR_20200228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CZR 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $CZR 4 days after a corporate insider (Digilio Monica S  (CIK 0001753207)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CZR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CZR","filer":"Digilio Monica S  (CIK 0001753207)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0000858339-20-000015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_MSM_20200320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $MSM 4 days after a corporate insider (POLLI GREGORY  (CIK 0001671678)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSM","filer":"POLLI GREGORY  (CIK 0001671678)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001003078-20-000116","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_T_20200224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $T 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $T 5 days after a corporate insider (Maguire Michael Baron  (CIK 0001789902)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Maguire Michael Baron  (CIK 0001789902)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001223203-20-000005","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_COST_20200414","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COST 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $COST 5 days after a corporate insider (COST TIMOTHY  (CIK 0001174702)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"COST TIMOTHY  (CIK 0001174702)","filingDate":"2020-04-09","adsh":"0001567619-20-007755","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000612_PBA_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PBA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $PBA 5 days after a corporate insider (CARNEY TIMOTHY  (CIK 0001205110)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PBA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PBA","filer":"CARNEY TIMOTHY  (CIK 0001205110)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001209191-20-022399","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_T_20200226","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $T 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $T 1 day before a corporate insider (Donahue Paul D  (CIK 0001409902)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Donahue Paul D  (CIK 0001409902)","filingDate":"2020-02-27","adsh":"0001225208-20-003702"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_KR_20200317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $KR 1 day before a corporate insider (KARP ALLAN W  (CIK 0001024680)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"KARP ALLAN W  (CIK 0001024680)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0000899243-20-008896"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_SBUX_20200319","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SBUX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $SBUX 1 day before a corporate insider (Nadella Satya  (CIK 0001513142)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Nadella Satya  (CIK 0001513142)","filingDate":"2020-03-20","adsh":"0001127602-20-011668"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_AAPL_20200128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)","filingDate":"2020-01-29","adsh":"0000320193-20-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_DAL_20200225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DAL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $DAL 1 day before a corporate insider (Taylor David S  (CIK 0001505989)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DAL","filer":"Taylor David S  (CIK 0001505989)","filingDate":"2020-02-26","adsh":"0001683168-20-000586"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_LYV_20200316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LYV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $LYV 1 day before a corporate insider (Fu Ping  (CIK 0001742720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LYV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LYV","filer":"Fu Ping  (CIK 0001742720)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001335258-20-000051"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_DD_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $DD 1 day before a corporate insider (CURTIN TERRENCE R  (CIK 0001401842)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DD","filer":"CURTIN TERRENCE R  (CIK 0001401842)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001666700-20-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_ET_20200213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $ET 1 day before a corporate insider (BALL C FRED JR  (CIK 0001248915)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ET","filer":"BALL C FRED JR  (CIK 0001248915)","filingDate":"2020-02-14","adsh":"0001248915-20-000042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_FEYE_20200107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FEYE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $FEYE 1 day before a corporate insider (Robbins William T  (CIK 0001455951)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FEYE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FEYE","filer":"Robbins William T  (CIK 0001455951)","filingDate":"2020-01-08","adsh":"0001209191-20-002620"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_GEL_20200311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GEL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $GEL 1 day before a corporate insider (Jesulaitis Kristen O  (CIK 0001694792)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GEL","filer":"Jesulaitis Kristen O  (CIK 0001694792)","filingDate":"2020-03-12","adsh":"0001022321-20-000052"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_UHAL_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UHAL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $UHAL 1 day before a corporate insider (De Respino Laurence J  (CIK 0001341531)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UHAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UHAL","filer":"De Respino Laurence J  (CIK 0001341531)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001225208-20-005425"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_UHAL_20200317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UHAL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $UHAL 1 day before a corporate insider (De Respino Laurence J  (CIK 0001341531)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UHAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UHAL","filer":"De Respino Laurence J  (CIK 0001341531)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0001225208-20-005343"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_MRK_20200331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MRK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $MRK 2 days before a corporate insider (GLOCER THOMAS H  (CIK 0001140799)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"GLOCER THOMAS H  (CIK 0001140799)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012716"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_BK_20200414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $BK 2 days before a corporate insider (MOGLIA JOSEPH H  (CIK 0001187586)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BK","filer":"MOGLIA JOSEPH H  (CIK 0001187586)","filingDate":"2020-04-16","adsh":"0001104659-20-047735"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_ALB_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ALB 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $ALB 2 days before a corporate insider (KISSAM LUTHER C IV  (CIK 0001266395)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALB","filer":"KISSAM LUTHER C IV  (CIK 0001266395)","filingDate":"2020-01-02","adsh":"0000915913-20-000009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_WPX_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WPX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $WPX 2 days before a corporate insider (Muncrief Richard E  (CIK 0001413122)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WPX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WPX","filer":"Muncrief Richard E  (CIK 0001413122)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001209191-20-016446"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_GLW_20200414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GLW 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $GLW 3 days before a corporate insider (Musser Eric S  (CIK 0001323968)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GLW","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GLW","filer":"Musser Eric S  (CIK 0001323968)","filingDate":"2020-04-17","adsh":"0001127602-20-014049"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_VIAC_20200221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VIAC 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $VIAC 3 days before a corporate insider (Byrne Barbara M  (CIK 0001753238)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIAC","filer":"Byrne Barbara M  (CIK 0001753238)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001225208-20-003310"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_ANTM_20200414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ANTM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $ANTM 3 days before a corporate insider (MCCARTHY GLORIA M  (CIK 0001203671)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANTM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANTM","filer":"MCCARTHY GLORIA M  (CIK 0001203671)","filingDate":"2020-04-17","adsh":"0001156039-20-000025"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_NWS_20200414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NWS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $NWS 3 days before a corporate insider (MURDOCH LACHLAN K  (CIK 0001242818)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NWS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NWS","filer":"MURDOCH LACHLAN K  (CIK 0001242818)","filingDate":"2020-04-17","adsh":"0001567619-20-008107"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_PFE_20200228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PFE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $PFE 4 days before a corporate insider (Dolsten Mikael  (CIK 0001437590)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"Dolsten Mikael  (CIK 0001437590)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001225208-20-004021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_DAL_20200227","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DAL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $DAL 4 days before a corporate insider (Taylor David S  (CIK 0001505989)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DAL","filer":"Taylor David S  (CIK 0001505989)","filingDate":"2020-03-02","adsh":"0001683168-20-000656"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_CAT_20200416","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $CAT 4 days before a corporate insider (CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)","filingDate":"2020-04-20","adsh":"0001654648-20-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_RL_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue buy $RL 4 days before a corporate insider (Smith Andrew Howard  (CIK 0001769658)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RL","filer":"Smith Andrew Howard  (CIK 0001769658)","filingDate":"2020-03-27","adsh":"0001530174-20-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_URI_20200416","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $URI 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Perdue sell $URI 5 days before a corporate insider (HARKHAM URI P  (CIK 0001051410)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"URI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"URI","filer":"HARKHAM URI P  (CIK 0001051410)","filingDate":"2020-04-21","adsh":"0001567619-20-008233"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000612_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+19 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"David Perdue accumulated 44 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 19 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":19,"totalRaw":44}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P52_P000612_BAC","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"43 trades in $BAC — BANK OF AMERICA's PAC also donated $34,000,000","explanation":"David Perdue executed 43 reported trades in $BAC (BANK OF AMERICA). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"BANK OF AMERICA\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $34,000,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","parent":"BANK OF AMERICA","tradeCount":43,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"BANK OF AMERICA","parent":"BANK OF AMERICA","total":34000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=BANK%20OF%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=BANK%20OF%20AMERICA","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_P000612_WFC","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 trades in $WFC — WELLS FARGO's PAC also donated $10,000,000","explanation":"David Perdue executed 6 reported trades in $WFC (WELLS FARGO). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"WELLS FARGO\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","parent":"WELLS FARGO","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-16"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"WELLS FARGO","parent":"WELLS FARGO","total":10000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=WELLS%20FARGO"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=WELLS%20FARGO","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_P000612","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $914,061,700.8","explanation":"David Perdue received campaign contributions totaling $914,061,700.8 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 7 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($285,975,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($143,707,872.04); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($110,000,002.62); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($62,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($51,710,314).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":914061700.8,"exactMatches":7,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":285975000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":143707872.04,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":110000002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":62000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":51710314,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_P000612_2020-04-09","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"160 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-04-09 — 128 unique tickers","explanation":"David Perdue executed 160 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-04-09 to 2020-04-16), spanning 128 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-04-09","windowEnd":"2020-04-16","tradeCount":160,"uniqueTickers":128,"totalDisclosedTrades":2004,"sampleTickers":["ORCL","EQM","CSCO","AXTA","JNJ","COST","STT","AMZN","BAX","FHB"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_P000612","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 122 total findings across the platform","explanation":"David Perdue appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 122 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: coordinated trade cluster (26); insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (23); trade near vote (10); lobbying timeline trade (10).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":122,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":23},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":10},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":5},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P13_FRAUD_FILER_EXPOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000612","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P137_P000612","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Perdue ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $239M across 8 cycles","explanation":"David Perdue's FEC-bulk record shows $239.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 8 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":239.42,"cycleCount":8,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4GA11285"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4GA11285/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_P000612","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Perdue disclosed 60 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 12 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY VOO $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"David Perdue has filed 60 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 12 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY VOO $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-04-16 · BUY SPY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-04-16 · BUY AMLP $250,001 - $500,000 on 2020-04-16 · BUY SPY $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2020-04-15.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":60,"veryHighCount":12,"lowerBoundSum":11550060,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"VOO","action":"BUY","date":"2020-04-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","action":"BUY","date":"2020-04-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMLP","action":"BUY","date":"2020-04-16","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","action":"BUY","date":"2020-04-15","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","action":"BUY","date":"2020-04-15","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"AXTA","action":"SELL","date":"2020-04-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_P000612","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Perdue executed 57 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL WFC (28d apart)","explanation":"David Perdue has 57 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL WFC 2020-03-17 → 2020-04-14 (28d) · BUY→SELL SYY 2020-03-20 → 2020-04-14 (25d) · BUY→SELL T 2019-07-25 → 2019-08-22 (28d) · BUY→SELL DOW 2020-03-26 → 2020-04-14 (19d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2018-11-01 → 2018-11-27 (26d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":57,"samples":[{"ticker":"WFC","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-17","date2":"2020-04-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SYY","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-20","date2":"2020-04-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"T","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-07-25","date2":"2019-08-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"DOW","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-26","date2":"2020-04-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":26,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-11-01","date2":"2018-11-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ENB","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-06","date2":"2020-04-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PBA","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-07","date2":"2020-04-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TRP","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-06","date2":"2020-04-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_P000612","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Perdue's PAC funding concentrates 67% in Finance ($224.71M / $335.83M classified)","explanation":"David Perdue's PAC donors concentrate 67% in the Finance industry — $224.71M of $335.83M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $224.71M · Technology $111.13M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":224.71,"totalPacAmountM":335.83,"concentrationPct":66.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":224.71,"Technology":111.13}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4GA11285/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_P000612","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Perdue triggers 43 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"David Perdue accumulates 43 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":43,"distinctDetectorTypes":20}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_P000612_2020-04-14","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Perdue — 95 trades on 2020-04-14","explanation":"David Perdue disclosed 95 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-04-14). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-04-14","count":95}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_P000612","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Perdue — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (1992/2004)","explanation":"David Perdue's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":2004,"atBracket":1992,"pct":"99.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_P000612","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Perdue — 208 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"David Perdue has traded 208 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":208,"sample":["BMY","VOO","VEA","CAIFX","BA","WFC","COP","TFC","IDV","MSFT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P188_P000612","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Perdue — 7 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"David Perdue disclosed 7 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":2004,"noTickerTrades":7}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_P000612_DISCA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Perdue — 63 disclosed trades in single ticker DISCA","explanation":"David Perdue traded DISCA on 63 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the DISCA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"DISCA","count":63}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"H001061":[{"id":"P1_H001061_6iw2yk","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY PRU 4d after HR 441 — \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any pers…\" · sponsor R-MT","explanation":"Member traded PRU (Finance) within 4 days of HR 441 \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies ap\", sponsored by Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","date":"2019-11-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 441","title":"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies appropriate security personnel of suspicio","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":4,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"R000571","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"MT","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20441"]},{"id":"P1_H001061_8bw3vx","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY IVZ 10d BEFORE HR 441 — \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any pers…\" · sponsor R-MT","explanation":"Member traded IVZ (Finance) within 10 days of HR 441 \"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies ap\", sponsored by Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IVZ","date":"2019-11-05","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance"},{"source":"bill","number":"HR 441","title":"To grant immunity from civil liability to any person who voluntarily notifies appropriate security personnel of suspicio","introducedDate":"2019-11-15","daysDiff":-10,"sponsorName":"Rep. Rehberg, Denny [R-MT-At Large]","sponsorBioguide":"R000571","sponsorParty":"R","sponsorState":"MT","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=HR%20441"]},{"id":"P1_H001061_88q7xz","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL GIS 10d BEFORE SRES 547 — \"A resolution recognizing the 75th anniversary of t…\"","explanation":"Member traded GIS (Agriculture) within 10 days of SRES 547 \"A resolution recognizing the 75th anniversary of the American Tree Farm System.\".","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2018-05-23","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture"},{"source":"bill","number":"SRES 547","title":"A resolution recognizing the 75th anniversary of the American Tree Farm System.","introducedDate":"2018-06-02","daysDiff":-10}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=SRES%20547"]},{"id":"P3_H001061_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 4 Energy bills, this member voted YES 4 times (100%). In the same period they made 6 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":4,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":6,"sells":1,"netBuy":5,"total":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_H001061_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 57d late on avg — overall avg only 20d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 56.8 days — versus 20.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":25,"avgGap":57},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":121,"avgGap":20},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001061_96fsj1","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$21,868 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $21,868 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":21867.66,"oppose":0,"net":21867.66,"events":13,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13889.9,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":6651.57,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":967.89,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":358.3,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001061_qtaug9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,494,770 / spent $2,242,418","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00493072","cmteName":"DAKOTA PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":154249,"totalDisbursements":153840.1,"cashOnHand":408.88},{"cmteId":"C00493072","cmteName":"DAKOTA PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":230786.3,"totalDisbursements":222954.2,"cashOnHand":8240.98},{"cmteId":"C00493072","cmteName":"DAKOTA PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":229018.8,"totalDisbursements":164326.8,"cashOnHand":72933.05},{"cmteId":"C00493072","cmteName":"DAKOTA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":436729.4,"totalDisbursements":285863.5,"cashOnHand":223798.93},{"cmteId":"C00493072","cmteName":"DAKOTA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":413934.5,"totalDisbursements":422173.6,"cashOnHand":215559.81}],"totalRaised":2494769.5,"totalSpent":2242417.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001061_lr3d53","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $198,050 in itemized individual contributions, $144,000 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":198050,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-500,"$200.01-$499":550,"$500-$999":15500,"$1000-$1999":38500,"$2000 and over":144000},"megaShare":72.7,"smallDonorShare":-0.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001061_UA_2016-01-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-06 and 2016-01-06, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on UA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UA","date":"2016-01-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"H001061","name":"John Hoeven"}],"span":"2016-01-06 to 2016-01-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001061_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Hoeven executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","date":"2019-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2019-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety-Related Railroad Employees","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Railroad Administration","date":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety-Related Railroad Employees","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Railroad Administration","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001061_f4b9eh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hoeven campaign paid $577,534 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: HOEVEN 2000","explanation":"John Hoeven's campaign paid 18 disbursements totaling $577,534 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOEVEN 2000","total":491000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"HOEVEN 2000","amount":150000,"date":"2000-09-11","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2000},{"payee":"HOEVEN 2000","amount":80000,"date":"2000-10-06","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2000},{"payee":"HOEVEN 2000","amount":50000,"date":"2000-07-10","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2000}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOEVEN COMMITTEE","total":61501.28,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"HOEVEN COMMITTEE","amount":20000,"date":"2008-08-15","description":"JOHN HOEVEN, GOVERNOR  ND","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HOEVEN COMMITTEE","amount":15000,"date":"2004-11-29","description":"JOHN HOEVEN, GOVERNOR  ND","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HOEVEN COMMITTEE","amount":10000,"date":"2008-09-30","description":"JOHN HOEVEN, GOVERNOR  ND","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOEVEN, MARIE","total":10309.630000000001,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HOEVEN, MARIE","amount":5234.03,"date":"2008-05-21","description":"MONTHLY RETAINER, POSTAGE, MISC SUPPLIES","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HOEVEN, MARIE","amount":5075.6,"date":"2008-06-12","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JENTGENS, ROBERT","total":9323,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JENTGENS, ROBERT","amount":9323,"date":"2008-12-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"jentgens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOEVEN, JOHN SEN","total":5400,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOEVEN, JOHN SEN","amount":5400,"date":"2015-03-31","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"hoeven","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HOEVEN%202000"]},{"id":"P21_H001061_Finance","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Finance BUYs filed 57d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Finance (18 buys vs 7 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":25,"avgGap":57,"buys":18,"sells":7},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":121,"avgGap":20}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001061","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"John Hoeven has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_H001061_XOM_20191105","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2019-Q4 while EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in XOM during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-05","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_XOM_20191104","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2019-Q4 while EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in XOM during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, EXXON MOBIL). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-04","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXON MOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_CVX_20191104","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2019-Q4 while CHEVRON, USA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in CVX during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON, USA, INC., CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-11-04","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON, USA, INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A, INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_NFLX_20190924","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of NFLX in 2019-Q3 while NETFLIX, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in NFLX during 2019-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (NETFLIX, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-24","quarter":"2019-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q3","matchedClients":["NETFLIX, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_AAPL_20190104","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2019-Q1 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in AAPL during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-04","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_AMZN_20180601","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2018-Q2 while AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in AMZN during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC, AMAZON WEB SERVICES). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-01","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_AMZN_20171229","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2017-Q4 while AMAZON CORPORATE LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in AMZN during 2017-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON CORPORATE LLC, AMAZON). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-29","quarter":"2017-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q4","matchedClients":["AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON","AMAZON.COM"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_MRK_20170125","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2017-Q1 while MERCK & CO., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a sell in MRK during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO., INC., MERCK & CO INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-25","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK & CO INC","MERCK"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_ABBV_20170120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of ABBV in 2017-Q1 while ABBVIE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a sell in ABBV during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE INC., ABBVIE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-20","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["ABBVIE INC.","ABBVIE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_PFE_20170120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of PFE in 2017-Q1 while PFIZER, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a sell in PFE during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (PFIZER, INC., PFIZER INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-20","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["PFIZER, INC.","PFIZER INC","PFIZER"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_JNJ_20170120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2017-Q1 while JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a sell in JNJ during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC, JOHNSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-20","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC","JOHNSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL","ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_WFC_20161223","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of WFC in 2016-Q4 while INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WELLS FARGO & COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a sell in WFC during 2016-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WELLS FARGO & COMPANY, WELLS FARGO & CO). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2016-12-23","quarter":"2016-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q4","matchedClients":["INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WELLS FARGO & COMPANY","WELLS FARGO & CO","WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_PFE_20161125","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of PFE in 2016-Q4 while PFIZER had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in PFE during 2016-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (PFIZER, PFIZER INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-11-25","quarter":"2016-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q4","matchedClients":["PFIZER","PFIZER INC","PFIZER, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_MRK_20160128","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MRK in 2016-Q1 while MERCK & CO, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in MRK during 2016-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO, INC, MERCK & CO INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-28","quarter":"2016-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q1","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO, INC","MERCK & CO INC","MERCK & CO., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_AAPL_20160128","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2016-Q1 while GREEN APPLE ACCREDITATIONS & IGAA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in AAPL during 2016-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GREEN APPLE ACCREDITATIONS & IGAA, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-28","quarter":"2016-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q1","matchedClients":["GREEN APPLE ACCREDITATIONS & IGAA","APPLE, INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_ABBV_20150225","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of ABBV in 2015-Q1 while ABBVIE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in ABBV during 2015-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE INC., ABBVIE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-25","quarter":"2015-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q1","matchedClients":["ABBVIE INC.","ABBVIE","PECK MADIGAN JONES (ON BEHALF OF ABBVIE INC.)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_BA_20140929","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BA in 2014-Q3 while BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a sell in BA during 2014-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (BOEING COMPANY, THE BOEING COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-09-29","quarter":"2014-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q3","matchedClients":["BOEING COMPANY","THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING DEFENSE SPACE & SECURITY (FORMERLY KESTREL ENTERPRISES INC (KEI))"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_ABBV_20140929","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of ABBV in 2014-Q3 while ABBVIE had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a sell in ABBV during 2014-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE, ABBVIE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-09-29","quarter":"2014-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q3","matchedClients":["ABBVIE","ABBVIE INC.","PECK MADIGAN JONES (ON BEHALF OF ABBVIE INC.)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_BA_20140428","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of BA in 2014-Q2 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in BA during 2014-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, BOEING DEFENSE SPACE & SECURITY (FORMERLY KESTREL ENTERPRISES INC (KEI))). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-28","quarter":"2014-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q2","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING DEFENSE SPACE & SECURITY (FORMERLY KESTREL ENTERPRISES INC (KEI))","BOEING COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_ABBV_20140428","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of ABBV in 2014-Q2 while ABBVIE had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in ABBV during 2014-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE, ABBVIE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-28","quarter":"2014-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q2","matchedClients":["ABBVIE","ABBVIE INC.","PECK MADIGAN JONES (ON BEHALF OF ABBVIE INC.)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001061_ABBV_20140331","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of ABBV in 2014-Q1 while ABBVIE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"John Hoeven executed a buy in ABBV during 2014-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE INC., PECK MADIGAN JONES (ON BEHALF OF ABBVIE INC.)). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-03-31","quarter":"2014-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q1","matchedClients":["ABBVIE INC.","PECK MADIGAN JONES (ON BEHALF OF ABBVIE INC.)","ABBVIE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P43_H001061_MPC_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MPC 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Hoeven buy $MPC 6 days before a corporate insider (DAVIS STEVEN A  (CIK 0001362276)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPC","filer":"DAVIS STEVEN A  (CIK 0001362276)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0001209191-20-001510"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P52_H001061_T","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $T — AT&T's PAC also donated $6,000","explanation":"John Hoeven executed 4 reported trades in $T (AT&T). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AT&T INC. FEDERAL PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","parent":"AT&T","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-27"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-23"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL PAC","parent":"AT&T","total":6000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%20FEDERAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%20FEDERAL%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_FLMVX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $FLMVX — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $FLMVX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $FLMVX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FLMVX","assetName":"FLMVX - JPMorgan Mid Cap Value L","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FLMVX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_WTW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"9 trades in $WTW — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $WTW on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 9 reported trades in $WTW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WTW","assetName":"WTW - Weight Watchers International, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3d5a4b15-a4bf-4a56-97bc-f910346550dc/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WTW","tradeCount":9,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-11-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3d5a4b15-a4bf-4a56-97bc-f910346550dc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_ADP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $ADP — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $ADP on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ADP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ADP","assetName":"ADP - Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ADP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_MCD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $MCD — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $MCD on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $MCD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MCD","assetName":"MCD - McDonald's Corp. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MCD","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-08-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-04-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_SBUX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $SBUX — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $SBUX on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $SBUX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SBUX","assetName":"SBUX - Starbucks Corporation (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SBUX","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-04-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-09-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_AJG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $AJG — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $AJG on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AJG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AJG","assetName":"AJG - Arthur J Gallagher & Co. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AJG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-10-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_HON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $HON — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $HON on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $HON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HON","assetName":"HON - Honeywell International Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HON","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-11-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_EL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $EL — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $EL on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $EL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EL","assetName":"EL - The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_AMZN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $AMZN — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $AMZN on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AMZN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMZN","assetName":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMZN","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_CCI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $CCI — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $CCI on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $CCI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CCI","assetName":"CCI - Crown Castle International Corp. (REIT)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CCI","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_KDP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $KDP — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $KDP on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $KDP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KDP","assetName":"KDP - Keurig Dr Pepper Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KDP","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_TAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $TAP — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $TAP on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $TAP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TAP","assetName":"TAP - Molson Coors Brewing Company","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dda2fb32-4a8c-4c23-8b52-9faf539b3465/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TAP","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-08-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dda2fb32-4a8c-4c23-8b52-9faf539b3465/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_UPS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $UPS — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $UPS on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $UPS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"UPS","assetName":"UPS - United Parcel Service, Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8aef3b39-d4e3-48df-9344-65930bde8608/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"UPS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8aef3b39-d4e3-48df-9344-65930bde8608/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_AVGO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $AVGO — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $AVGO on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AVGO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AVGO","assetName":"AVGO - Broadcom Inc.","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8aef3b39-d4e3-48df-9344-65930bde8608/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AVGO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8aef3b39-d4e3-48df-9344-65930bde8608/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_FCNTX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $FCNTX — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $FCNTX on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $FCNTX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FCNTX","assetName":"FCNTX - Fidelity Contrafund (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FCNTX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_PRNHX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $PRNHX — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $PRNHX on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PRNHX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PRNHX","assetName":"PRNHX - T. Rowe Price New Horizons (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PRNHX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-04"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_KO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $KO — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $KO on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $KO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KO","assetName":"KO - The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_CTSH","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $CTSH — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $CTSH on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CTSH per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CTSH","assetName":"CTSH - Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CTSH","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_GIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $GIS — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $GIS on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $GIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GIS","assetName":"GIS - General Mills, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GIS","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-04-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_INTC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $INTC — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $INTC on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $INTC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"INTC","assetName":"INTC - Intel Corporation (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"INTC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_IBM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $IBM — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $IBM on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $IBM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IBM","assetName":"IBM - International Business Machines Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IBM","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-10-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_JNJ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $JNJ — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $JNJ on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $JNJ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JNJ","assetName":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson (NYSE)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JNJ","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_MDLZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $MDLZ — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $MDLZ on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MDLZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MDLZ","assetName":"MDLZ - Mondelez International, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MDLZ","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-04-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_PG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $PG — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed an asset position in $PG on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PG","assetName":"PG - The Procter & Gamble Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff054d89-a9f0-4723-9cba-e1f8c2e24aae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_H001061_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ)","explanation":"John Hoeven discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (JNJ) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_H001061_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (BA)","explanation":"John Hoeven discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_H001061_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (KMI)","explanation":"John Hoeven discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (KMI) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["KMI"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_H001061","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $70,000","explanation":"John Hoeven received campaign contributions totaling $70,000 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ASSINIBOINE & SIOUX RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ($10,000); REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000); COMBEST, SELL AND ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF CROP INS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOC INC. DBA AMERICA'S CRE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":70000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"ASSINIBOINE & SIOUX RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CROP INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"COMBEST, SELL AND ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF CROP INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS ASSOC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOC. PAC","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOC INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS (FORMERLY NAFCU)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_H001061","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 146 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"John Hoeven's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 146 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): BFIGX, BREIX, FLMVX, HFQIX, NINLX, PRGTX, VLIIX, DFREX, JHQRX, FSMAX, VFIAX, VTMGX, FIQVX, VSMAX, CSRSX, … (131 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":146,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["BFIGX","BREIX","FLMVX","HFQIX","NINLX","PRGTX","VLIIX","DFREX","JHQRX","FSMAX","VFIAX","VTMGX","FIQVX","VSMAX","CSRSX","OIEJX","TMPRX","FIHBX","FBKWX","FIPDX","VBTLX","VIGAX","FUMBX","JMBUX","VWETX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_H001061","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $3.0M in personal liabilities (7% leverage of assets) — 2 liability items","explanation":"John Hoeven's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2014) reports $3,000,000.5 in personal liabilities against $41,711,045 in assets — a 7.2% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2014","totalLiabMid":3000000.5,"totalAssetMid":41711045,"leverageRatio":7.2,"liabCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b13ca43f-15ef-4486-ac0f-49fba71f4c58/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2009 · Self · Other (Personal Guarantor) · - · 5.25% (5 years) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · State Bank & Trust Kenmare, North Dakota · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b13ca43f-15ef-4486-ac0f-49fba71f4c58/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_H001061","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Partner at Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Bismarck, North Dakota","explanation":"John Hoeven's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Bismarck, North Dakota (Partnership); Partner at Hoeven Family, LLLP Bismarck, ND (Partnership).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Mar 1979 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Bismarck, North Dakota","entityType":"Partnership"},{"dates":"Nov 2021 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"Hoeven Family, LLLP Bismarck, ND","entityType":"Partnership"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_H001061_2021","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 19 new ticker holdings in 2021 not present in prior PFD filings — including VFIJX, DFREX, JHQRX, VMNVX, FSMAX, VFIAX","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 19 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: VFIJX, DFREX, JHQRX, VMNVX, FSMAX, VFIAX, VTMGX, VEMAX, CSRSX, HGIYX, ODVYX, OIEJX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2021,"count":19,"newTickers":["VFIJX","DFREX","JHQRX","VMNVX","FSMAX","VFIAX","VTMGX","VEMAX","CSRSX","HGIYX","ODVYX","OIEJX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b27ecc82-4df2-43e4-833f-3296e3eeebeb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b27ecc82-4df2-43e4-833f-3296e3eeebeb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_H001061","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 2 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: China","explanation":"John Hoeven's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — China. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: China → DAADX - Emerging Markets Ex China Core Equity Portfolio ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":2,"countries":["China"],"byCountry":{"China":[{"assetName":"DAADX - Emerging Markets Ex China Core Equity Portfolio","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"assetName":"DAADX - Emerging Markets Ex China Core Equity Portfolio","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001061","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 106 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Hoeven appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 106 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (61); lobbying timeline trade (21); trade near vote (3); pfd holding voted industry (3); vote trade alignment (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":106,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":61},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":21},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001061","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_H001061_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 43 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including FCNTX, SGIIX, PRNHX, AAPL, CSX, CTL","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 43 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FCNTX, SGIIX, PRNHX, AAPL, CSX, CTL, KO, CTSH, DE, DEO, GIS, INTC.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":43,"divestedTickers":["FCNTX","SGIIX","PRNHX","AAPL","CSX","CTL","KO","CTSH","DE","DEO","GIS","INTC"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c36db0fe-429d-4e8f-a7ef-f2006b837a2e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c36db0fe-429d-4e8f-a7ef-f2006b837a2e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven discloses 3 private-company / restricted stock positions — Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Description: Bank Holding C…","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 3 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 3 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Descrip · Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Descrip.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":3,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Description: Bank Holding Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"asset":"Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Description: Bank Holding Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Description: Bank Holding Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_H001061_2021","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hoeven filed 3 amendments to the 2021 Senate annual disclosure — 6 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John Hoeven's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2021 report alone, with 6 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2021,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":6,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Blind Trust","Blind Trust","Blind Trust"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5cc30304-acd5-4867-ad04-cdb1f9f6473b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/e2738291-9bb3-48eb-b95d-effe13c3489f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/c852f913-4006-45c0-9664-1ea05fe0a81e/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5cc30304-acd5-4867-ad04-cdb1f9f6473b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/e2738291-9bb3-48eb-b95d-effe13c3489f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hoeven discloses 9 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (2 top-bracket + 7 unascertainable, 12% of 75 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 9 opaque-value entries (2 top-bracket, 7 unascertainable) across 75 total reported assets — 12% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership (Bismarck, North Dakota) Description: (--) · First Western Bank & Trust IRA (--) · First Western Bank & Trust IRA (--) · John Hoeven Qualified Blind Trust ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (Bismarck, ND) Description: Holding company (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":9,"topBracketCount":2,"unascertCount":7,"totalAssets":75,"opaqueRatio":0.12,"samples":[{"asset":"Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership (Bismarck, North Dakota) Description:","value":"--"},{"asset":"First Western Bank & Trust IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"First Western Bank & Trust IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"John Hoeven Qualified Blind Trust","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (Bismarck, ND) Description: Holding company","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven discloses 4 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: BREIX - Baron Real Estate Fd Insti Shs · Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnersh · Farmland Description: 720 acres of farmland (Stanford, MT) · DFREX - DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio Institutional.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":4,"properties":[{"name":"BREIX - Baron Real Estate Fd Insti Shs","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership (Bismarck, North Dakota) Description: Montana F","type":"Business Entity General Partnership","value":"--"},{"name":"Farmland Description: 720 acres of farmland (Stanford, MT)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"DFREX - DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio Institutional","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven discloses 3 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (Bismarck,  · Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (Bismarck,  · Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (BISMARCK, .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":3,"holdings":[{"name":"Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (Bismarck, ND) Description: Holding company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (Bismarck, ND) Description: Holding company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (BISMARCK, ND) Description: Holding company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hoeven's 2025 PFD: 27 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (36% of 76 reported assets)","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 27 reported holdings owned by Spouse (27), Joint (0), or Dependent (0) — 36% of 76 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: First Western Bank & Trust IRA · Spouse: DFREX - DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio Institutional · Spouse: JHQRX - JPMorgan Hedged Equity Fund Class R6 · Spouse: FSMAX - Fidelity Extended Market Index Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":27,"Joint":0,"Dependent":0,"Self":48},"totalAssets":76,"familyShare":0.355,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"First Western Bank & Trust IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"DFREX - DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio Institutional","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"JHQRX - JPMorgan Hedged Equity Fund Class R6","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"FSMAX - Fidelity Extended Market Index Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"VFIAX - Vanguard 500 Index Fund Admiral Shares","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hoeven's 2025 PFD: 4 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"John Hoeven Qualified Blind Trust","type":"Trust Qualified Blind Trust","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Description: Bank Holding Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Description: Bank Holding Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Westbrand, Inc. Company: Westbrand, Inc. (Minot, ND) Description: Bank Holding Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_H001061","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven's campaign paid $10,310 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: HOEVEN, MARIE ($10,310)","explanation":"John Hoeven's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $10,310 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HOEVEN, MARIE ($10,310 across 2 payments, services: MONTHLY RETAINER, POSTAGE, MISC SUPPLIES · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":10309.630000000001,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HOEVEN, MARIE","total":10309.630000000001,"count":2,"descriptions":["MONTHLY RETAINER, POSTAGE, MISC SUPPLIES","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"hoeven"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0ND00093&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven (North Dakota) discloses 2 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Montana (2)","explanation":"John Hoeven represents North Dakota but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than North Dakota (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Montana: 2. Sample: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership (Bismarck, North Dakota) Description: (Montana) · Farmland Description: 720 acres of farmland (Stanford, MT) (Montana).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"North Dakota","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":2,"byState":{"MT":2},"samples":[{"name":"Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership (Bismarck, North Dakota) Description:","type":"Business Entity General Partnership","value":"--","state":"MT"},{"name":"Farmland Description: 720 acres of farmland (Stanford, MT)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"MT"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_H001061","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hoeven filed 3 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 228 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. John Hoeven has filed 3 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 228 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2015 (228d late, filed 12/29/2015) · 2020 (89d late, filed 08/12/2020) · 2019 (56d late, filed 07/10/2019).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":3,"maxDaysLate":228,"samples":[{"year":2015,"filingDate":"12/29/2015","daysLate":228,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cf837e47-6892-4b5b-80af-f0d1e122e5f0/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/12/2020","daysLate":89,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2019,"filingDate":"07/10/2019","daysLate":56,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dda2fb32-4a8c-4c23-8b52-9faf539b3465/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cf837e47-6892-4b5b-80af-f0d1e122e5f0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72b06d31-76d9-45ca-b778-455dd79cee34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dda2fb32-4a8c-4c23-8b52-9faf539b3465/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P97_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P97_PFD_BLIND_TRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven's 2025 PFD references a Qualified Blind Trust — transparency-positive (rare among senators)","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references a Qualified Blind Trust (QBT). A QBT removes the senator's discretion over individual asset-management decisions for the trust assets — they cannot direct purchases or sales, and they receive only summary balance information without knowing the underlying holdings. This is the strongest available recusal mechanism short of full divestiture. Setting up a QBT is rare (fewer than 10 of 100 senators historically) and requires Senate Ethics Committee approval of trust documents and trustees. This finding is transparency-positive — the inverse of the dozens of conflict-pattern flags above. Journalists should still verify the scope of the trust (does it cover all reportable assets, or just a subset?) and check for any reportable transactions outside the trust. Reference: 14 | John Hoeven Qualified Blind Trust | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 | Qualified Blind Trust | $1,000,001 ","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_blind_trust","year":"2025","mention":"14 | John Hoeven Qualified Blind Trust | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 | Qualified Blind Trust | $1,000,001 - $5,000,000","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/qualifiedblindtrust"]},{"id":"P104_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hoeven's 2025 PFD lists 7 entities bearing the surname \"Hoeven\" — top: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 7 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Hoeven\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership (asset) · John Hoeven Qualified Blind Trust (asset) · Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven (asset) · John H. Hoeven, III 2021 (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Hoeven","count":7,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Company: Tompson-Hoeven Partnership (Bismarck, North Dakota) Description:","type":"Business Entity General Partnership"},{"source":"asset","entry":"John Hoeven Qualified Blind Trust","type":"Trust Qualified Blind Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (Bismarck, ND) Description: Holding company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partners"},{"source":"asset","entry":"John H. Hoeven, III 2021 Irrevocable Spousal Lifetime Access Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Hoeven Family, LLLP Company: Hoeven Family, LLLP (BISMARCK, ND) Description: Holding company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partners"},{"source":"position","entry":"Tompson-Hoeven Partnership Bismarck, North Dakota","position":"Partner"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P133_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $48.5M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $48.5M (asset midpoint $48.5M minus liability midpoint $0.0M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":48483784,"netWorthM":48.48,"totalAssetMid":48483784,"totalLiabMid":0,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_H001061","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hoeven's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $41.7M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"John Hoeven's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $41.7M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 83; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":41711045,"assetCount":83,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b13ca43f-15ef-4486-ac0f-49fba71f4c58/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b13ca43f-15ef-4486-ac0f-49fba71f4c58/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_H001061","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hoeven draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.4M PAC / $25.4M total)","explanation":"John Hoeven's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.4M of $25.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.44,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.44,"pacSharePct":41,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"S0ND00093"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0ND00093/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_H001061","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hoeven disclosed 64 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 3 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY BMEZ $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"John Hoeven has filed 64 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 3 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY BMEZ $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-01-29 · BUY BIV $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-12-31 · SELL TGBAX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-12-23 · SELL KHC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-12-23.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":64,"veryHighCount":3,"lowerBoundSum":6850064,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"BMEZ","action":"BUY","date":"2020-01-29","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BIV","action":"BUY","date":"2019-12-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TGBAX","action":"SELL","date":"2019-12-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"KHC","action":"SELL","date":"2019-12-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PRU","action":"BUY","date":"2019-11-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BSTZ","action":"BUY","date":"2019-11-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_H001061","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY WTW (15d apart)","explanation":"John Hoeven has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY WTW 2018-02-05 → 2018-02-20 (15d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"WTW","days":15,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-02-05","date2":"2018-02-20","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P145_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: First Western Bank &","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: First Western Bank & Trust (Minot, North Dakota) Type: Certificate of Deposit, Checking, Money Marke ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"First Western Bank & Trust (Minot, North Dakota) Type: Certificate of Deposit, Checking, Money Marke","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P149_H001061","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 42 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John Hoeven accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 42 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":42}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_H001061","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hoeven triggers 43 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John Hoeven accumulates findings across 43 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 43 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":43,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P3","P4","P9","P10","P11","P17","P18","P19","P21","P36","P37","P43","P52","P53","P54","P61","P63","P69","P70","P74","P77","P78","P79","P81","P82","P83","P84","P85","P87"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P162_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 75 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 75 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":75,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $48.5M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $48.5M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":48483784,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_ND_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"LOW","headline":"ND delegation: John Hoeven & Kevin Cramer both flagged on 8 shared detector types (1 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from ND — John Hoeven and Kevin Cramer — are flagged on the same 8 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 1 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P10, P11, P19, P36, P61, P70, P90, P93.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"ND","juniorSenatorBid":"C001096","juniorSenatorName":"Kevin Cramer","sharedDetectorCount":8,"sharedHighCount":1,"sharedDetectors":["P10","P11","P19","P36","P61","P70","P90","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001061","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001096"]},{"id":"P178_H001061_2017-01-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven — 12 trades on 2017-01-20","explanation":"John Hoeven disclosed 12 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-01-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-01-20","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_H001061","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Hoeven — 98% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (178/181)","explanation":"John Hoeven's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 98% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":181,"atBracket":178,"pct":"98.3"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_H001061","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Hoeven — 104 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John Hoeven has traded 104 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":104,"sample":["BMEZ","MPC","BIV","SLB","VFIJX","REZI","TGBAX","KHC","GTX","PRU"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_H001061_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Hoeven — 57 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Hoeven's 2025 Senate PFD shows 57 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":57,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9ae89fc-42b9-4dd3-a3ce-5a37aea0bb34/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_H001061_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+36 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John Hoeven accumulated 61 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 36 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 11 MEDIUM · 25 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":36,"totalRaw":61,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":11,"LOW":25}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001061"]}],"R000122":[{"id":"P1_R000122_plvj8a","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL SYK 4d after S 3232 — \"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986…\" · sponsor D-NJ","explanation":"Member traded SYK (Healthcare) within 4 days of S 3232 \"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Patient Protection and\", sponsored by Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","date":"2019-02-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 3232","title":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to extend, expand, ","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":4,"sponsorName":"Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ]","sponsorBioguide":"M000639","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"NJ","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%203232"]},{"id":"P1_R000122_hwiefs","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL QCOM 4d after S 2586 — \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty…\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded QCOM (Technology) within 4 days of S 2586 \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for m\", sponsored by Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2019-02-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2586","title":"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for measuring equipment for telecommunication","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":4,"sponsorName":"Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]","sponsorBioguide":"F000062","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202586"]},{"id":"P1_R000122_8b0z6c","pattern_type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL AAPL 4d after S 2586 — \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty…\" · sponsor D-CA","explanation":"Member traded AAPL (Technology) within 4 days of S 2586 \"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for m\", sponsored by Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA].","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2019-02-28","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology"},{"source":"bill","number":"S 2586","title":"A bill to extend the temporary suspension of duty on certain subassemblies for measuring equipment for telecommunication","introducedDate":"2019-02-24","daysDiff":4,"sponsorName":"Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA]","sponsorBioguide":"F000062","sponsorParty":"D","sponsorState":"CA","selfSponsor":false}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/search?q=S%202586"]},{"id":"P6_R000122_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$891,407 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $891,407 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":891407.12,"oppose":0,"events":15},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC","total":2500}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_R000122_uguimb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$371,879 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLEARPATH ACTION, INC.","explanation":"CLEARPATH ACTION, INC. spent $371,879 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00608943","name":"CLEARPATH ACTION, INC.","support":371878.54000000004,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608943/"]},{"id":"P6_R000122_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$260,725 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $260,725 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":260725,"oppose":0,"events":2},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC","total":2500}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P9_R000122_sw272f","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,491 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $73,491 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":73989.31999999999,"oppose":498.74,"net":73490.57999999999,"events":40,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":60935.06,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":9214.119999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":955.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":808.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":220.09,"oppose":498.74,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000122_amfzj8","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,277,998 / spent $4,271,683","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00403592","cmteName":"NARRAGANSETT BAY PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":314928,"totalDisbursements":340301.1,"cashOnHand":28100.25},{"cmteId":"C00403592","cmteName":"NARRAGANSETT BAY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":317967.4,"totalDisbursements":329414,"cashOnHand":16653.74},{"cmteId":"C00403592","cmteName":"NARRAGANSETT BAY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":353287,"totalDisbursements":349993.5,"cashOnHand":19947.25},{"cmteId":"C00403592","cmteName":"NARRAGANSETT BAY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":443675,"totalDisbursements":449720.4,"cashOnHand":13901.83},{"cmteId":"C00403592","cmteName":"NARRAGANSETT BAY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":471700,"totalDisbursements":448656.7,"cashOnHand":36945.11}],"totalRaised":4277998.4,"totalSpent":4271682.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_R000122_i3p4qf","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"85% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $907,292 in itemized individual contributions, $771,892 (85%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":907292,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":1050,"$500-$999":37500,"$1000-$1999":96850,"$2000 and over":771892},"megaShare":85.1,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000122_DHR_2019-02-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-02-28 and 2019-03-06, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-02-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-02-28 to 2019-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000122_QCOM_2019-01-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-28 and 2019-02-04, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2019-01-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"}],"span":"2019-01-28 to 2019-02-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000122_IQV_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold IQV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-05, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on IQV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IQV","date":"2019-01-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"IQV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000122_WFM_2017-06-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold WFM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-06-16 and 2017-06-19, 3 members took the same direction on WFM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFM","date":"2017-06-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WFM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"}],"span":"2017-06-16 to 2017-06-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000122_m9yilq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed campaign paid $58,699,496 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: RICK REED MEDIA, INC.","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's campaign paid 100 disbursements totaling $58,699,496 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICK REED MEDIA, INC.","total":24046646.16,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"RICK REED MEDIA, INC.","amount":4541697.16,"date":"2016-08-17","description":"PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"RICK REED MEDIA, INC.","amount":2470169,"date":"2016-04-20","description":"PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"RICK REED MEDIA, INC.","amount":2000000,"date":"2016-03-04","description":"PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","total":19405442.61,"count":46,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","amount":1108664,"date":"2006-10-30","description":"MEDIA COSTS","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","amount":923615,"date":"2006-09-29","description":"MEDIA COSTS","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","amount":915055,"date":"2006-09-21","description":"MEDIA COSTS","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","total":8777721,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","amount":1528500,"date":"2006-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","amount":1038525,"date":"2006-10-12","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","amount":952580,"date":"2006-10-19","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","total":1918085,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","amount":526360,"date":"2008-10-24","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","amount":395360,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","amount":288736,"date":"2006-10-26","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM MEDIA","total":1426817,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM MEDIA","amount":328985,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM MEDIA","amount":263215,"date":"2004-10-15","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM MEDIA","amount":234400,"date":"2006-10-19","description":"ADVERTISING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & CO","total":1114479,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & CO","amount":255795,"date":"2006-10-25","description":"RADIO & TV TIME","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & CO","amount":237395,"date":"2008-10-03","description":"MEDIA PURCHASES","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & CO","amount":217712,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"MEDIA AND BROADCASTING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"reed","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RICK%20REED%20MEDIA"]},{"id":"P36_R000122","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_R000122_INTC_20190215","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in INTC 11 days before SEC action","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed sold INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2019-02-15","title":"Inteligentry, Ltd., PlasmERG, Inc., PTP Licensing, Ltd. and John P. Rohner","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24401"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24401"]},{"id":"P38_R000122_Technology_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology PACs gave $10K in 2022 — 7.1× baseline — after 9-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed executed 9 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $10,000 — 7.1× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,417/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":9},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Technology","amount":10000,"baseline":1417,"ratio":"7.1"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_R000122_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $41,315.41","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $41,315.41 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 338.9× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":41315.41,"count":16,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_XBI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $XBI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $XBI on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $XBI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XBI","assetName":"XBI - SPDR Series Trust SPDR S&P Biotech ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XBI","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_HACK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $HACK — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $HACK on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $HACK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HACK","assetName":"HACK - ETFMG Prime Cyber Security ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HACK","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_AMGN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $AMGN — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $AMGN on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $AMGN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMGN","assetName":"AMGN - Amgen Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMGN","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_ADI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $ADI — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $ADI on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $ADI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ADI","assetName":"ADI - Analog Devices, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ADI","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_COST","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $COST — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $COST on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $COST per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"COST","assetName":"COST - Costco Wholesale Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"COST","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CVS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Health Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_DHR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $DHR — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $DHR on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $DHR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DHR","assetName":"DHR - Danaher Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DHR","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_FDX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $FDX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $FDX on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $FDX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FDX","assetName":"FDX - FedEx Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FDX","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_HON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $HON — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $HON on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $HON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HON","assetName":"HON - Honeywell International Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HON","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_INTC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $INTC — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $INTC on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $INTC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"INTC","assetName":"INTC - Intel Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"INTC","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_ISRG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $ISRG — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $ISRG on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $ISRG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ISRG","assetName":"ISRG - Intuitive Surgical, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ISRG","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_IQV","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $IQV — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $IQV on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $IQV per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IQV","assetName":"IQV - IQVIA Holdings Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IQV","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_QCOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $QCOM — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $QCOM on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $QCOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"QCOM","assetName":"QCOM - QUALCOMM Incorporated","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"QCOM","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_XSD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $XSD — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $XSD on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $XSD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XSD","assetName":"XSD - SPDR S&P Semiconductor ETF","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XSD","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-12-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_SYK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $SYK — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $SYK on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $SYK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SYK","assetName":"SYK - Stryker Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SYK","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_TMO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $TMO — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $TMO on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $TMO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TMO","assetName":"TMO - Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TMO","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_VRTX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $VRTX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $VRTX on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $VRTX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VRTX","assetName":"VRTX - Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VRTX","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-05-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_XLNX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $XLNX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $XLNX on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $XLNX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XLNX","assetName":"XLNX - Xilinx, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XLNX","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_IYT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $IYT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $IYT on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $IYT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IYT","assetName":"IYT - iShares Transportation Average ETF","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IYT","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_CELG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 trades in $CELG — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $CELG on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 7 reported trades in $CELG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CELG","assetName":"CELG - Celgene Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CELG","tradeCount":7,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-07-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-04-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_PEP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $PEP — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $PEP on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $PEP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PEP","assetName":"PEP - PepsiCo, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PEP","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_VWO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $VWO — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $VWO on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $VWO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VWO","assetName":"VWO - Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VWO","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-11-23"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_NXPI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $NXPI — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed an asset position in $NXPI on their 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $NXPI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NXPI","assetName":"NXPI - NXP Semiconductors N.V.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f9e44127-1b3c-46d7-9fe7-3876178c3d5a/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NXPI","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-18"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-09-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f9e44127-1b3c-46d7-9fe7-3876178c3d5a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_R000122_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 4 Healthcare stocks (CVS, DHR, ISRG, TMO)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS, DHR, ISRG, TMO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","DHR","ISRG","TMO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_R000122_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (SLB)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (SLB) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["SLB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_R000122","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$74K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 82% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed received $73,989.32 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($60,935.06 = 82%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":73989.31999999999,"oppose":498.74,"byYear":{"2010":13869.550000000001,"2012":19995.059999999998,"2014":32477.13,"2016":8146.32},"corpCount":9},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":60935.06,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":9214.119999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":955.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":808.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":220.09,"oppose":498.74,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_R000122","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $97,915.41","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed received campaign contributions totaling $97,915.41 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($41,315.41); INVESCO HOLDING COMPANY (US), INC. ($10,000); GREENBERG TRAURIG LLP ($10,000); ALLISON TRANSMISSION, INC. ($10,000); JOHN MEZZALINGUA ASSOCIATES D/B/A JMA ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":97915.41,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":41315.41,"exact":true},{"donorName":"INVESCO HOLDING COMPANY (US), INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INVESCO HOLDING COMPANY (US), INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GREENBERG TRAURIG, P.A. PAC","ldaClient":"GREENBERG TRAURIG LLP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLISON TRANSMISSION INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ALLISON TRANSMISSION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MEZZALINGUA, JOHN","ldaClient":"JOHN MEZZALINGUA ASSOCIATES D/B/A JMA","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_R000122","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 85 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 85 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): QQQ, XBI, XLI, PSCH, PSCT, IVV, IJR, IHI, XRT, XLV, XLK, SMH, XLE, GNOM, BIL, … (70 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":85,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["QQQ","XBI","XLI","PSCH","PSCT","IVV","IJR","IHI","XRT","XLV","XLK","SMH","XLE","GNOM","BIL","USFR","HACK","GLD","XSW","VAW","JTSXX","FLOT","FLRN","ARKG","IBB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_R000122_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 4 Healthcare stocks (CVS, DHR, ISRG, TMO) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 4 Healthcare stocks — CVS, DHR, ISRG, TMO — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","DHR","ISRG","TMO"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c592f689-2ed7-44c4-97a4-c6e7967e0ff1/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c592f689-2ed7-44c4-97a4-c6e7967e0ff1/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_R000122_2018-03-09","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"23 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-03-09 — 23 unique tickers","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed executed 23 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-03-09 to 2018-03-09), spanning 23 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-03-09","windowEnd":"2018-03-09","tradeCount":23,"uniqueTickers":23,"totalDisclosedTrades":171,"sampleTickers":["XBI","COST","QCOM","DHR","ITW","VWO","TMO","VRTX","XSD","AMGN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_R000122","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$56,857.12 in outside earned income — top source: Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC St. Louis, MO ($$56,857.12)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $56,857.12 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC St. Louis, MO ($56,857.12, Other (IRA Distribution)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":56857.12,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (IRA Distribution)","source":"Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC St. Louis, MO","amount":"$56,857.12","amountNumeric":56857.12}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_R000122_2020","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 20 new ticker holdings in 2020 not present in prior PFD filings — including XLI, PSCH, PSCT, IEMG, IVV, IJR","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 20 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: XLI, PSCH, PSCT, IEMG, IVV, IJR, IJH, IHI, XLF, XLV, XLK, SMH.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2020,"count":20,"newTickers":["XLI","PSCH","PSCT","IEMG","IVV","IJR","IJH","IHI","XLF","XLV","XLK","SMH"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_R000122","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 79 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 79 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (52); coordinated trade cluster (4); trade near vote (3); ie support concentration (3); pfd holding voted industry (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":79,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":52},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P1_TRADE_NEAR_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":1},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000122","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_R000122_2021","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 38 ticker holdings between 2020 and 2021 — including AMGN, ADI, AAPL, COST, CVS, DHR","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 38 ticker holdings present in the 2020 filing but absent in 2021. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: AMGN, ADI, AAPL, COST, CVS, DHR, FDX, HON, ITW, INTC, ISRG, IQV.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2020,2021],"count":38,"divestedTickers":["AMGN","ADI","AAPL","COST","CVS","DHR","FDX","HON","ITW","INTC","ISRG","IQV"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/250dae9c-ee66-4527-9ace-16e026b5bc0a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/250dae9c-ee66-4527-9ace-16e026b5bc0a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_R000122_2015","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed filed 2 amendments to the 2015 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John F. “Jack” Reed's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2015 report alone, with 5 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2015,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a28e8594-ce61-46eb-98fb-c5de719a4422/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37ffde11-59e8-4894-841e-17486ec27289/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a28e8594-ce61-46eb-98fb-c5de719a4422/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37ffde11-59e8-4894-841e-17486ec27289/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_R000122","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed's campaign paid $34,421,600 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM ($19,405,443)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 82 payments totaling $34,421,600 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM ($19,405,443 across 46 payments, services: MEDIA COSTS · MEDIA BUY · -ADVERTISING EXPENSES). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":34421599.61000001,"paymentCount":82,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","total":19405442.61,"count":46,"descriptions":["MEDIA COSTS","MEDIA BUY","-ADVERTISING EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","total":8777721,"count":12,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","BROADCAST TV BUY"]},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","total":1918085,"count":6,"descriptions":["MEDIA EXPENSE","MEDIA"]},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM MEDIA","total":1426817,"count":6,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING EXPENSES","ADVERTISING EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & CO","total":1114479,"count":5,"descriptions":["RADIO & TV TIME","MEDIA PURCHASES","MEDIA AND BROADCASTING EXPENSES"]}],"surname":"reed"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S6RI00163&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_R000122","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed filed 8 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 133 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. John F. “Jack” Reed has filed 8 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 133 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2024 (133d late, filed 09/25/2024) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020) · 2023 (63d late, filed 07/17/2023) · 2018 (48d late, filed 07/02/2018).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":8,"maxDaysLate":133,"samples":[{"year":2024,"filingDate":"09/25/2024","daysLate":133,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d8307d1c-f850-4e59-bed6-58141608e9c9/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"07/17/2023","daysLate":63,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d9b6c60-ee6c-409e-bb7a-e62bffe4b32b/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"},{"year":2018,"filingDate":"07/02/2018","daysLate":48,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f9e44127-1b3c-46d7-9fe7-3876178c3d5a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2017"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d8307d1c-f850-4e59-bed6-58141608e9c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/673cfd30-12fb-4ad7-89fa-242979f0d01e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d9b6c60-ee6c-409e-bb7a-e62bffe4b32b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_R000122_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2025 PFD — GLD - SPDR Gold Trust","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: GLD - SPDR Gold Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"GLD - SPDR Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_R000122_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: JPMorgan Chase Bank,","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.625% (30 years) from JPMorgan Chase Bank,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.625% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Columbus, OH","incurred":"2013"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P136_R000122","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.7M across 22 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's FEC-bulk record shows $18.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $45.7M (PAC: $18.7M, individual: $24.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.72,"lifetimeReceiptsM":45.73,"lifetimeIndividualM":24.72,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6RI00163"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6RI00163/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_R000122","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.7M PAC / $45.7M total)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.7M of $45.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.72,"lifetimeReceiptsM":45.73,"pacSharePct":40.9,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"S6RI00163"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6RI00163/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_R000122","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL WETF (21d apart)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL WETF 2016-11-23 → 2016-12-14 (21d) · BUY→SELL MYL 2015-02-20 → 2015-03-03 (11d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"WETF","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-11-23","date2":"2016-12-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MYL","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-02-20","date2":"2015-03-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_R000122","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_R000122","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P1","P6","P9","P10","P11","P17","P19","P36","P40","P38","P51","P53","P54","P58","P61","P63","P64","P65","P71","P74","P78","P79","P82","P90","P93","P95","P96","P136","P138","P141"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_R000122","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,260 sponsored, 4,942 cosponsored","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's congress.gov record shows 1,260 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1260,"cosponsoredCount":4942,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-reed/R000122","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_R000122","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,942 cosponsored, 1,260 sponsored","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's congress.gov record shows 4,942 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4942,"sponsoredCount":1260,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-reed/R000122","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_R000122_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 25 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 25 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":25,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_RI_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RI delegation: John F. “Jack” Reed & Sheldon Whitehouse both flagged on 21 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from RI — John F. “Jack” Reed and Sheldon Whitehouse — are flagged on the same 21 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P1, P10, P11, P17, P19, P36, P40, P38.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"RI","juniorSenatorBid":"W000802","juniorSenatorName":"Sheldon Whitehouse","sharedDetectorCount":21,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P1","P10","P11","P17","P19","P36","P40","P38","P53","P54","P61","P63","P64","P74","P79","P82"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000122","https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000802"]},{"id":"P178_R000122_2018-03-09","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed — 23 trades on 2018-03-09","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed disclosed 23 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-03-09). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-03-09","count":23}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_R000122","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (171/171)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":171,"atBracket":171,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_R000122","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed — 58 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed has traded 58 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":58,"sample":["AAPL","SYK","INTC","QCOM","PEP","SLB","HOLX","TMO","FDX","ISRG"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_R000122_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. “Jack” Reed — 21 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed's 2025 Senate PFD shows 21 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":21,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8462e488-37da-44f6-84d2-410a3388114d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_R000122_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+27 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John F. “Jack” Reed accumulated 52 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 27 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 7 MEDIUM · 20 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":27,"totalRaw":52,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":7,"LOW":20}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000122"]}],"D000594":[{"id":"P2_D000594_ihvx1o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CORNYN VICTORY COMMITTEE gave $264,652 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate) and received $264,652 from CORNYN VICTORY COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CORNYN VICTORY COMMITTEE","total":264651.78,"count":3,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000594","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica_De_La_Cruz","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/D000594/118"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_tuw7j4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,864,738 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Truth and Courage PAC","explanation":"Truth and Courage PAC spent $3,864,738 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 32 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00796045","name":"Truth and Courage PAC","support":3864738.34,"oppose":0,"events":32}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00796045/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,811,236 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND (also direct donor)","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $2,811,236 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 471 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":2811236.049999999,"oppose":0,"events":471},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","total":160957}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_texe1r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,700,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SAVE OUR COUNTRY","explanation":"SAVE OUR COUNTRY spent $1,700,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00877787","name":"SAVE OUR COUNTRY","support":1700000,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877787/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_txmitj","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$766,421 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from RED SENATE","explanation":"RED SENATE spent $766,421 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 216 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00747121","name":"RED SENATE","support":766420.5700000001,"oppose":0,"events":216}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00747121/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_uwv9m2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$667,028 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES ACTION spent $667,028 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00524181","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES ACTION","support":667028.0699999998,"oppose":0,"events":26},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","total":160957}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00524181/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_ti8a7e","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$631,335 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from GOA VICTORY FUND","explanation":"GOA VICTORY FUND spent $631,335 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00817122","name":"GOA VICTORY FUND","support":631334.88,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817122/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$621,679 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $621,679 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":621678.6900000001,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$459,258 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $459,258 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":459258,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_v9z5sz","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$447,172 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","explanation":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA spent $447,172 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 133 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00499020","name":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","support":447171.5800000001,"oppose":0,"events":133}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499020/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_uv8fwh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$405,989 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VIGOP (VIRGIN ISLANDS REPUBLICAN PARTY)","explanation":"VIGOP (VIRGIN ISLANDS REPUBLICAN PARTY) spent $405,989 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 57 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00553560","name":"VIGOP (VIRGIN ISLANDS REPUBLICAN PARTY)","support":405989.04000000004,"oppose":0,"events":57}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00553560/"]},{"id":"P6_D000594_ue685a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$268,591 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Texans ARE","explanation":"Texans ARE spent $268,591 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00654301","name":"Texans ARE","support":268591.18,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654301/"]},{"id":"P7_D000594_9yajk2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $11,644,108 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $11,644,108 opposing this member across 1369 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":11644107.909999998,"totalSupport":13925136.069999974,"events":1369,"topAttackers":[{"name":"TEXAS CONSERVATIVES FUND","oppose":5511602.3},{"name":"Texas Forever","oppose":2300407.02},{"name":"WinSenate","oppose":1373567.89},{"name":"VOTER AWARENESS PROJECT","oppose":403825},{"name":"Crush MAGA PAC","oppose":340000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000594_4ka8m1","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$523,078 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $523,078 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":523078.49,"oppose":0,"net":523078.49,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":434883.03,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":87186.38999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1009.0699999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_D000594_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"543842 employees of RETIRED gave $39,344,795 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 543842× RETIRED = $39,344,795; 151512× RETIRED = $12,770,119; 35869× SELF-EMPLOYED = $5,303,876. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":543842,"total":39344795,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":151512,"total":12770119,"years":["2015","2016"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":35869,"total":5303876,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000594_tlbs9d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,822,906 donation spike on 2016-07-02 — 28.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-07-02 this committee recorded $2,822,906 across 4262 contributions — 28.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $99,266.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492785","date":"2016-07-02","amount":2822906,"count":4262,"baseline":99266,"ratio":28.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492785/"]},{"id":"P15_D000594_qrbfm6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$545,000 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 28.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $545,000 across 1 contributions — 28.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,217.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492785","date":"2015-03-31","amount":545000,"count":1,"baseline":19217,"ratio":28.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492785/"]},{"id":"P15_D000594_vy7sbe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$345,799 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 14.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $345,799 across 275 contributions — 14.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,378.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492785","date":"2011-06-30","amount":345799,"count":275,"baseline":23378,"ratio":14.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492785/"]},{"id":"P15_D000594_h9djgp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$328,612 donation spike on 2012-10-17 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-10-17 this committee recorded $328,612 across 207 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $48,053.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492785","date":"2012-10-17","amount":328612,"count":207,"baseline":48053,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492785/"]},{"id":"P15_D000594_vy5vct","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$298,508 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $298,508 across 306 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,146.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492785","date":"2011-09-30","amount":298508,"count":306,"baseline":26146,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492785/"]},{"id":"P15_D000594_h9rl5g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$238,922 donation spike on 2012-09-27 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-27 this committee recorded $238,922 across 182 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,279.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492785","date":"2012-09-27","amount":238922,"count":182,"baseline":23279,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492785/"]},{"id":"P15_D000594_qi7qhm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,074,733 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $1,074,733 across 4510 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $153,085.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574624","date":"2015-09-30","amount":1074733,"count":4510,"baseline":153085,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574624/"]},{"id":"P15_D000594_qi9ng7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$646,954 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $646,954 across 2028 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $93,909.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574624","date":"2015-06-30","amount":646954,"count":2028,"baseline":93909,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574624/"]},{"id":"P15_D000594_qiaai6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$406,730 donation spike on 2015-05-05 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-05-05 this committee recorded $406,730 across 462 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $66,928.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574624","date":"2015-05-05","amount":406730,"count":462,"baseline":66928,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574624/"]},{"id":"P19_D000594_oium1c","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mónica De La Cruz campaign paid $2,131,975 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: CRUZ, TED","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz's campaign paid 20 disbursements totaling $2,131,975 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRUZ, TED","total":1205000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"CRUZ, TED","amount":545000,"date":"2022-08-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT PRIMARY 2012","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRUZ, TED","amount":235000,"date":"2012-06-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CRUZ, TED","amount":150000,"date":"2013-03-14","description":"RUNOFF LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","total":371574.41,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":311574.41,"date":"2004-11-05","description":"ADVERTISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":60000,"date":"2004-09-30","description":"ADVERTISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD TED","total":215000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD TED","amount":150000,"date":"2012-08-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CRUZ, RAFAEL EDWARD TED","amount":65000,"date":"2012-12-21","description":"PRIMARY LOAN REPAYMENT TO CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRUZ, RAPHAEL EDWARD TED","total":137000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRUZ, RAPHAEL EDWARD TED","amount":137000,"date":"2012-10-09","description":"LAON REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES, INC.","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":100000,"date":"2020-07-13","description":"MEDIA CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRUZ, RENE","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRUZ, RENE","amount":100000,"date":"2024-07-18","description":"1.543030 BITCOINS RECEIVED SIMULTANEOUSLY CONVERTED TO USDC, LIQUIDATED","surnameMatched":"cruz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CRUZ"]},{"id":"P25_D000594_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"99% of PAC dollars ($44,954,171) come from Party industry","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":44954171.27000001,"share":98.6,"totalPAC":45606301.05000001,"pacCount":8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":44954171.27000001,"share":98.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":387478,"share":0.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":264651.78,"share":0.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000594","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":18,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_D000594","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$523K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 83% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz received $523,078.49 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($434,883.03 = 83%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":523078.49,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":66312.34,"2018":21883.12,"2024":434883.03},"corpCount":3},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":434883.03,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":87186.38999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1009.0699999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_D000594","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $2,822,906 on 2016-07-02 (28.4× normal)","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $2,822,906 on 2016-07-02 — 28.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":4251135,"maxRatio":28.4,"maxAmount":2822906},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-07-02","amount":2822906,"ratio":28.4,"baselineDaily":99266,"count":4262,"cmteId":"C00492785","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00492785&min_date=2016-07-02&max_date=2016-07-02"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-03-31","amount":545000,"ratio":28.4,"baselineDaily":19217,"count":1,"cmteId":"C00492785","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00492785&min_date=2015-03-31&max_date=2015-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-06-30","amount":345799,"ratio":14.8,"baselineDaily":23378,"count":275,"cmteId":"C00492785","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00492785&min_date=2011-06-30&max_date=2011-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-09-30","amount":298508,"ratio":11.4,"baselineDaily":26146,"count":306,"cmteId":"C00492785","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00492785&min_date=2011-09-30&max_date=2011-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2012-09-27","amount":238922,"ratio":10.3,"baselineDaily":23279,"count":182,"cmteId":"C00492785","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00492785&min_date=2012-09-27&max_date=2012-09-27"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492785/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00492785&min_date=2016-07-02&max_date=2016-07-02"]},{"id":"P78_D000594","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (11); daily donation spike (9); committee pac conflict (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":11},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000594","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_D000594","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mónica De La Cruz's campaign paid $471,574 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES ($371,574)","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $471,574 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES ($371,574 across 2 payments, services: ADVERTISING EXPENSE). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":471574.41,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DE LA CRUZ & ASSOCIATES","total":371574.41,"count":2,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"CRUZ, RENE","total":100000,"count":1,"descriptions":["1.543030 BITCOINS RECEIVED SIMULTANEOUSLY CONVERTED TO USDC, LIQUIDATED"]}],"surname":"cruz"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2TX00312&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_D000594","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mónica De La Cruz's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Agriculture ($0.26M / $0.26M classified)","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Agriculture industry — $0.26M of $0.26M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.26M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.26,"totalPacAmountM":0.26,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.26}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00312/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_D000594","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mónica De La Cruz triggers 23 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mónica De La Cruz accumulates 23 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":23,"distinctDetectorTypes":14}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"F000479":[{"id":"P2_F000479_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $102,300 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"John Fetterman serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $102,300 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":102300,"count":31,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry","Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs","Energy and Natural Resources","Foreign Relations","Special Committee on Aging"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.politicspa.com/fetterman-mccormick-draw-senate-committee-assignments/140325/","https://www.inquirer.com/politics/pennsylvania/john-fetterman-senate-committees-assigned-20230126.html","https://www.fetterman.senate.gov/senator-fetterman-proudly-takes-on-new-senate-committee-assignments-to-serve-pennsylvanians-in-the-119th-congress/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_va1jq2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$8,219,608 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Priorities USA Action","explanation":"Priorities USA Action spent $8,219,608 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495861","name":"Priorities USA Action","support":8219607.76,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495861/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,562,518 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SMP","explanation":"SMP spent $4,562,518 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"SMP","support":4562518.38,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,184,625 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Family Friendly Action PAC","explanation":"Family Friendly Action PAC spent $3,184,625 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"Family Friendly Action PAC","support":3184625.15,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,740,120 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BlackPAC","explanation":"BlackPAC spent $2,740,120 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"BlackPAC","support":2740120.2,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,069,149 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $2,069,149 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 29 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":2069148.6700000002,"oppose":0,"events":29}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_udj98g","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,028,455 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FF PAC","explanation":"FF PAC spent $2,028,455 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00669259","name":"FF PAC","support":2028455.31,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00669259/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_x910xk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,074,650 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DSCC","explanation":"DSCC spent $1,074,650 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00042366","name":"DSCC","support":1074649.79,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00042366/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_ufw19a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,047,009 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from For Our Future","explanation":"For Our Future spent $1,047,009 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00620971","name":"For Our Future","support":1047009.0399999999,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620971/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_ti877n","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,020,450 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Climate Power Action","explanation":"Climate Power Action spent $1,020,450 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00817536","name":"Climate Power Action","support":1020450.4199999999,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817536/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$982,819 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICA","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $982,819 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":982818.8300000001,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P6_F000479_xap3ax","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$783,192 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Federation of State County & Mu","explanation":"American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees PEOPLE spent $783,192 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00011114","name":"American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees PEOPLE","support":783192,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00011114/"]},{"id":"P7_F000479_x6qn1d","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $88,938,728 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $88,938,728 opposing this member across 1325 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":88938727.65999998,"totalSupport":34521421.519999996,"events":1325,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":51606821.95},{"name":"AMERICAN LEADERSHIP ACTION","oppose":14425665.059999999},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":6580056.819999998},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":4143975.8},{"name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","oppose":3415739.3099999996}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_F000479_m5g5e7","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,815 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $73,815 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: UFCW LOCAL 1776KS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":73814.89,"oppose":0,"net":73814.89,"events":137,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":51929.97,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":17545.13,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":4339.79,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_F000479_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"291404 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $17,622,697 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 291404× NOT EMPLOYED = $17,622,697; 24192× SELF-EMPLOYED = $2,726,892. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":291404,"total":17622697,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":24192,"total":2726892,"years":["2020","2021","2022","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000479_d01alo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$452,872 donation spike on 2022-05-18 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-18 this committee recorded $452,872 across 3141 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $51,631.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00765800","date":"2022-05-18","amount":452872,"count":3141,"baseline":51631,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765800/"]},{"id":"P15_F000479_d01aln","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$265,881 donation spike on 2022-05-17 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-17 this committee recorded $265,881 across 1690 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $36,609.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00765800","date":"2022-05-17","amount":265881,"count":1690,"baseline":36609,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765800/"]},{"id":"P15_F000479_1oewlt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,163 donation spike on 2021-02-08 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-02-08 this committee recorded $113,163 across 632 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,547.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00765800","date":"2021-02-08","amount":113163,"count":632,"baseline":13547,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765800/"]},{"id":"P15_F000479_d0j693","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,000 donation spike on 2022-12-20 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-12-20 this committee recorded $96,000 across 82 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,553.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00765800","date":"2022-12-20","amount":96000,"count":82,"baseline":6553,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765800/"]},{"id":"P15_F000479_1ofjlc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,811 donation spike on 2021-01-08 — 23.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-01-08 this committee recorded $86,811 across 415 contributions — 23.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,753.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00765800","date":"2021-01-08","amount":86811,"count":415,"baseline":3753,"ratio":23.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765800/"]},{"id":"P18_F000479_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Fetterman executed 6 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-03-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the Central Regulatory Are","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-03-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the Central Regulatory Are","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000479_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Fetterman executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRO","date":"2023-01-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; BAE Systems (Operations) Limited Airplanes; Correction","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2022-12-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000479_6y6o0m","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman campaign paid $297,600 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES, PC","explanation":"John Fetterman's campaign paid 85 disbursements totaling $297,600 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES, PC","total":113489.15000000002,"count":35,"samples":[{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES, PC","amount":15000,"date":"2012-03-13","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES, PC","amount":3034.98,"date":"2016-01-28","description":"ACCOUNTING - JANUARY 2016","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES, PC","amount":3031.75,"date":"2012-02-22","description":"ACCOUNTING SERIVCES & POSTAGE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES","total":50638.259999999995,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES","amount":3348.85,"date":"2011-06-07","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES","amount":3070,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES","amount":3019.7,"date":"2012-06-25","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERRONE, CHRISTINA","total":40938.270000000004,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"PERRONE, CHRISTINA","amount":10985.39,"date":"2016-09-27","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PERRONE, CHRISTINA","amount":10649,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PERRONE, CHRISTINA","amount":9007,"date":"2016-12-19","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERRONE, JAMES","total":36756,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"PERRONE, JAMES","amount":8000,"date":"2022-11-01","description":"DIGITAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PERRONE, JAMES","amount":6000,"date":"2022-09-11","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING/MANAGER","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PERRONE, JAMES","amount":4687,"date":"2022-11-07","description":"TRAVEL/LODGING","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES PC","total":27119.260000000002,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES PC","amount":3045.14,"date":"2014-02-27","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES PC","amount":3033.52,"date":"2014-01-28","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICE","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"PERRONE, TRIGGER & ASSOCIATES PC","amount":3013.34,"date":"2013-12-03","description":"ACCOUNTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERRONE, NANCY","total":27000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"PERRONE, NANCY","amount":3000,"date":"2021-08-19","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PERRONE, NANCY","amount":3000,"date":"2021-06-18","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PERRONE, NANCY","amount":3000,"date":"2022-04-29","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"perrone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PERRONE"]},{"id":"P25_F000479_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"55% of PAC dollars ($377,519) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"John Fetterman receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":377519.47,"share":55.4,"totalPAC":681498.45,"pacCount":8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":377519.47,"share":55.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":121000,"share":17.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":102300,"share":15},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":65678.98,"share":9.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000479","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"John Fetterman has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":16,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_F000479_MU_20260330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MU 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Fetterman buy $MU 2 days before a corporate insider (Mu Yang  (CIK 0002116220)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"Mu Yang  (CIK 0002116220)","filingDate":"2026-04-01","adsh":"0001104659-26-038499"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000479_MRO_20230124","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRO 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Fetterman sell $MRO 3 days before a corporate insider (Henderson Michael A  (CIK 0001811127)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRO","filer":"Henderson Michael A  (CIK 0001811127)","filingDate":"2023-01-27","adsh":"0000101778-23-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000479_AMZN_20260330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Fetterman buy $AMZN 10 days before a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2026-04-09","adsh":"0001936006-26-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P48_F000479_338092","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day after a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"John Fetterman sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2026-03-25 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.1682, to direct the Consumer Product Safety Commission to promulgate a consumer product safety standard for c…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"338092","title":"Business meeting to consider S.1682, to direct the Consumer Product Safety Commission to promulgate a consumer product safety standard for certain gates, S.1885, to require the Federal Trade Commission, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Health and Human Services acting through the Surgeon General, to implement a mental health warning label on covered platforms, S.1962, to amend the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019 to prohibit the Federal Communications Commission from granting a license or United States market access for a geostationary orbit satellite system or a nongeostationary orbit satellite system, or an authorization to use an individually licensed earth station or a blanket-licensed earth station, if the license, grant of market access, or authorization would be held or controlled by an entity that produces or provides any covered communications equipment or service or an affiliate of such an entity, S.2378, to amend title 49, United States Code, to establish funds for investments in aviation security checkpoint technology, S.3257, to require the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to revise regulations for certain individuals carrying out aviation activities who disclose a mental health diagnosis or condition, S.3404, to require a report on Federal support to the cybersecurity of commercial satellite systems, S.3597, to reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, S.3618, to require the Federal Trade Commission to submit to Congress a report on the ability of minors to access fentanyl through social media platforms, S.3791, to reauthorize Regional Ocean Partnerships, and a promotion list in the Coast Guard.","date":"2026-03-25T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338092"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338092","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_F000479_336949","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG on the same day as a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"John Fetterman sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2025-05-14 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine FAA reauthorization one year later, focusing on aviation safety, air traffic, and next generation technology.\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $GOOG (a Technology-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"336949","title":"Hearings to examine FAA reauthorization one year later, focusing on aviation safety, air traffic, and next generation technology.","date":"2025-05-14T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336949"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/336949","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_F000479_GOOG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $GOOG — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Fetterman disclosed an asset position in $GOOG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $GOOG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GOOG","assetName":"GOOG - Alphabet Cl C","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GOOG","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_F000479_AMZN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $AMZN — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Fetterman disclosed an asset position in $AMZN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AMZN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMZN","assetName":"AMZN - Amazon.com Inc","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMZN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_F000479_ERIE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $ERIE — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Fetterman disclosed an asset position in $ERIE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $ERIE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ERIE","assetName":"ERIE - Erie Indemnity Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ERIE","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_F000479_MRO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MRO — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Fetterman disclosed an asset position in $MRO on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MRO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MRO","assetName":"MRO - Marathon Oil Corp","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b81adfd-9bce-4bc3-bdcf-12240efb9638/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MRO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b81adfd-9bce-4bc3-bdcf-12240efb9638/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_F000479_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 3 Energy stocks (MPC, VLO, XOM)","explanation":"John Fetterman discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (MPC, VLO, XOM) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["MPC","VLO","XOM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_F000479","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$74K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 70% from UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","explanation":"John Fetterman received $73,814.89 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was UFCW LOCAL 1776KS ($51,929.97 = 70%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":73814.89,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2022":603589.66},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":51929.97,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006176/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":17545.13,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":4339.79,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004874/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006176/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_F000479","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $96,000 on 2022-12-20 (14.7× normal)","explanation":"John Fetterman's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $96,000 on 2022-12-20 — 14.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":182811,"maxRatio":23.1,"maxAmount":96000},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-12-20","amount":96000,"ratio":14.7,"baselineDaily":6553,"count":82,"cmteId":"C00765800","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00765800&min_date=2022-12-20&max_date=2022-12-20"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-01-08","amount":86811,"ratio":23.1,"baselineDaily":3753,"count":415,"cmteId":"C00765800","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00765800&min_date=2021-01-08&max_date=2021-01-08"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765800/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00765800&min_date=2022-12-20&max_date=2022-12-20"]},{"id":"P64_F000479_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Energy stocks (MPC, VLO, XOM) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"John Fetterman's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Energy stocks — MPC, VLO, XOM — held by Child (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["MPC","VLO","XOM"],"owner":"Child","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f9a065f-a7f8-4647-8e97-2c7b33519cd8/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f9a065f-a7f8-4647-8e97-2c7b33519cd8/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_F000479_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Finance stock (JPM) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"John Fetterman's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Finance stocks — JPM — held by Child (most-recent disclosure year 2025). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["JPM"],"owner":"Child","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P71_F000479","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$172,500 in outside earned income — top source: Penguin Random House New York, NY ($$172,500.00)","explanation":"John Fetterman's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $172,500 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Penguin Random House New York, NY ($172,500.00, Other (Book advance)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":172500,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Book advance)","source":"Penguin Random House New York, NY","amount":"$172,500.00","amountNumeric":172500}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_F000479_2024","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Acquired 30 new ticker holdings in 2024 not present in prior PFD filings — including ADBE, AMZN, BX, STZ, DGICB, ERIE","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 30 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: ADBE, AMZN, BX, STZ, DGICB, ERIE, XOM, LRCX, MRO, MPC, QCOM, VLO.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2024,"count":30,"newTickers":["ADBE","AMZN","BX","STZ","DGICB","ERIE","XOM","LRCX","MRO","MPC","QCOM","VLO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b81adfd-9bce-4bc3-bdcf-12240efb9638/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b81adfd-9bce-4bc3-bdcf-12240efb9638/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_F000479","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 41 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Fetterman appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 41 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (11); daily donation spike (5); senate pfd holding trade (4); insider front ran trade (3); reg rule trade proximity (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":41,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":11},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000479","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 5 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including VZ, XOM, MRO, AAPL, BABA","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: VZ, XOM, MRO, AAPL, BABA.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":5,"divestedTickers":["VZ","XOM","MRO","AAPL","BABA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_F000479_2024","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fetterman filed 3 amendments to the 2024 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John Fetterman's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2024 report alone, with 4 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2024,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 1)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 2)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b81adfd-9bce-4bc3-bdcf-12240efb9638/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0ee12bcf-b3c0-4685-a83e-8156b2636cb4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e7ea262-7ec8-416c-bb04-a13f1dc0ef9d/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b81adfd-9bce-4bc3-bdcf-12240efb9638/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0ee12bcf-b3c0-4685-a83e-8156b2636cb4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman's 2025 PFD: 107 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (99% of 108 reported assets)","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 107 reported holdings owned by Spouse (3), Joint (1), or Dependent (103) — 99% of 108 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Citizens Private Bank (Providence, RI) Type: Money Market Account · Joint: PNC Bank (Pittsburgh, PA) Type: Checking, Money Market Account · Dependent: Citizens Securities Inc. - DC 1 · Dependent: Bank of America Corp Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.875% Matures: 3/15/2028.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":3,"Joint":1,"Dependent":103,"Self":0},"totalAssets":108,"familyShare":0.991,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Citizens Private Bank (Providence, RI) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"PNC Bank (Pittsburgh, PA) Type: Checking, Money Market Account","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Citizens Securities Inc. - DC 1","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Bank of America Corp Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.875% Matures: 3/15/2028","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Citizens Securities Inc. (Johnston, RI) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P92_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman's 2025 PFD: 103 holdings owned by Dependent Child (94 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 103 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 94 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Citizens Securities Inc. - DC 1 · Bank of America Corp Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.875% Matu · Citizens Securities Inc. (Johnston, RI) Type: Brok · JPMorgan Chase & Co Bond Rate/Coupon: 4.6% Matures · Wells Fargo & CO Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.9% Matures: 6.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":103,"highValueCount":94,"holdings":[{"asset":"Citizens Securities Inc. - DC 1","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Bank of America Corp Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.875% Matures: 3/15/2028","type":"Corporate Securities Corporate Bond","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Citizens Securities Inc. (Johnston, RI) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"JPMorgan Chase & Co Bond Rate/Coupon: 4.6% Matures: 2/1/2025","type":"Corporate Securities Corporate Bond","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Wells Fargo & CO Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.9% Matures: 6/15/2024 Filer comment: Fully matured","type":"Corporate Securities Corporate Bond","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"Western Digital Corp Bond Rate/Coupon: 1.5% Matures: 2/1/2024 Filer comment: Fully matured","type":"Corporate Securities Corporate Bond","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"JPMorgan Chase &Co Note Rate/Coupon: 0.563% Matures: 2/16/2024 Filer comment: Fully matured","type":"Corporate Securities Corporate Bond","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"First Horizon Corporation Note Rate/Coupon: 4.0% Matures: 5/26/2025","type":"Corporate Securities Corporate Bond","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_F000479","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fetterman filed 2 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 90 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. John Fetterman has filed 2 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 90 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2024 (90d late, filed 08/13/2024) · 2024 (90d late, filed 08/13/2024).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":2,"maxDaysLate":90,"samples":[{"year":2024,"filingDate":"08/13/2024","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b81adfd-9bce-4bc3-bdcf-12240efb9638/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2024,"filingDate":"08/13/2024","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f9a065f-a7f8-4647-8e97-2c7b33519cd8/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b81adfd-9bce-4bc3-bdcf-12240efb9638/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f9a065f-a7f8-4647-8e97-2c7b33519cd8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P101_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$172,500 disclosed) — top: Penguin Random House New","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $172,500 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Penguin Random House New (Other (Book advance), $172,500.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":172500,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Book advance)","payer":"Penguin Random House New York, NY","amount":"$172,500.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman holds 11 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), FDX ($21.4M), QCOM ($11.3M)","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 11 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $90.3M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · FDX ($21.4M, 53 filings) · QCOM ($11.3M, 38 filings) · NVDA ($7.8M, 21 filings) · JPM ($6.0M, 41 filings) · DIS ($5.8M, 28 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":11,"totalLobbyAcrossM":90.28,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"FDX","totalLobby":21421000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"FEDEX CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"QCOM","totalLobby":11250000,"recordCount":38,"topClient":"PAUL WEISS RIFKIND WHARTON & GARRISON LLP ON BEHALF OF QUALCOMM INCORPORATED"},{"ticker":"NVDA","totalLobby":7800000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"NVIDIA"},{"ticker":"JPM","totalLobby":6050000,"recordCount":41,"topClient":"JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"},{"ticker":"DIS","totalLobby":5750000,"recordCount":28,"topClient":"THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY"},{"ticker":"MPC","totalLobby":3610000,"recordCount":18,"topClient":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"VLO","totalLobby":3310000,"recordCount":26,"topClient":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fetterman holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — QCOM (9,962)","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 9,962 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: QCOM (9,962 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":9962,"holdings":[{"ticker":"QCOM","patentCount":9962,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P109_F000479","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fetterman named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.0M total receipts) — top: FETTERMAN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"John Fetterman appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: FETTERMAN VICTORY FUND (C00815134, $5.0M receipts, treasurer PERRONE, VICTORIA). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":4.96,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00815134","name":"FETTERMAN VICTORY FUND","receipts":4960493.010000001,"treasurer":"PERRONE, VICTORIA","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815134/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815134/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00815134/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P112_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P112_PFD_SIN_INDUSTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fetterman holds 1 sin-industry ticker on 2025 PFD across 1 category — Alcohol (STZ)","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in sin / vice / controversial industries across 1 category: Alcohol — STZ. These industries are subject to ongoing federal regulatory debate and aligned with specific committee jurisdictions: tobacco (FDA Center for Tobacco Products, federal excise tax), alcohol (TTB regulation), gambling (state-by-state but federal sports-betting / online-poker debates), firearms (ATF rules, gun-control legislation in Senate Judiciary), private prisons (BOP contracts, ICE detention contracts, criminal-justice reform), and coal (EPA emissions rules, Mining Safety, federal-lands leases). When a senator holds these positions while voting on related legislation, the personal-portfolio conflict is direct and visible to constituents.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sin_industry","year":"2025","industries":[{"industry":"Alcohol","holdings":[{"ticker":"STZ","asset":"STZ - Constellation Brands Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"totalCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products","https://www.atf.gov/"]},{"id":"P114_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fetterman holds 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Judiciary/Commerce — GOOG, AMZN","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Judiciary, Commerce, or related committee — committees with primary oversight of antitrust policy and tech regulation. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: GOOG ($1,001 - $15,000) · AMZN ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GOOG","asset":"GOOG - Alphabet Cl C","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P116_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fetterman holds 3 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Foreign Relations/Banking — LRCX, QCOM, NVDA","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. The senator sits on Commerce, Foreign Relations, Banking, Appropriations, or Intelligence — committees with direct jurisdiction over these policies. Holdings: LRCX ($1,001 - $15,000) · QCOM ($1,001 - $15,000) · NVDA ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LRCX","asset":"LRCX - Lam Research Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"QCOM","asset":"QCOM - Qualcomm Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onChipCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P119_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fetterman holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Judiciary — T","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Commerce, Communications subcommittee, or Judiciary Antitrust — committees with primary FCC oversight and telecom-merger review authority. The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: T ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"T","asset":"T - AT&T Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fetterman holds 2 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — C, JPM","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: C ($1,001 - $15,000) · JPM ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"C","asset":"C - Citigroup Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Co. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fetterman holds 2 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — MPC, VLO","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: MPC ($1,001 - $15,000) · VLO ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MPC","asset":"MPC - Marathon Petroleum Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VLO","asset":"VLO - Valero Energy Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fetterman holds 1 asset-manager / PE-firm ticker on 2025 PFD — BX","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: BX ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BX","asset":"BX - Blackstone Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P130_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fetterman's 2025 PFD: 53% of 19 classified ticker holdings in Technology (10/19)","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows ticker-holding concentration in a single sector — 10 of 19 classified holdings (53%) are in Technology. Concentration is the inverse of diversification: when a senator's portfolio leans this heavily toward one industry, every regulatory decision affecting that industry has outsized impact on their personal balance sheet. The senator's wealth tracks Technology-sector beta directly — federal-policy shocks to Technology (taxes, regulations, antitrust enforcement, subsidies, sanctions) move their net worth more than they would for a diversified portfolio. Sector breakdown: Technology (10) · Finance (3) · Telecom (2) · Energy (2) · Consumer (1).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sector_concentration","year":"2025","totalClassified":19,"sectorCounts":{"Technology":10,"Finance":3,"Telecom":2,"Energy":2,"Consumer":1,"Industrials":1},"topSector":"Technology","concentration":0.526,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_F000479","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $173M across 8 cycles","explanation":"John Fetterman's FEC-bulk record shows $173.0M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 8 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":173,"cycleCount":8,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6PA00274"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6PA00274/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_F000479","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman's PAC funding concentrates 59% in Technology ($0.10M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"John Fetterman's PAC donors concentrate 59% in the Technology industry — $0.10M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.10M · Healthcare $0.07M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":59.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.1,"Healthcare":0.07,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6PA00274/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_F000479","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 39 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John Fetterman accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 39 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":39}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_F000479","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fetterman triggers 40 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John Fetterman accumulates findings across 40 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 40 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":40,"sampleDetectors":["P2","P6","P7","P9","P14","P15","P18","P19","P25","P36","P43","P48","P53","P54","P58","P62","P64","P71","P74","P78","P79","P82","P87","P92","P93","P101","P106","P107","P109","P112"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P170_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fetterman's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Penguin Random House New (Other (Book advance))","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Other (Book advance) from Penguin Random House New ($172,500.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Book advance)","payer":"Penguin Random House New York, NY","amount":"$172,500.00"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f9a065f-a7f8-4647-8e97-2c7b33519cd8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f9a065f-a7f8-4647-8e97-2c7b33519cd8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_PA_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"PA delegation: John Fetterman & Dave McCormick both flagged on 15 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from PA — John Fetterman and Dave McCormick — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P14, P15, P18, P19, P25, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"PA","juniorSenatorBid":"M001243","juniorSenatorName":"Dave McCormick","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P14","P15","P18","P19","P25","P36","P53","P71","P74","P79","P87","P148","P170"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000479","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001243"]},{"id":"P193_F000479_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fetterman — 44 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Fetterman's 2025 Senate PFD shows 44 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":44,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9ef89267-7a26-4195-8e77-fece18ed09a7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_F000479","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fetterman — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($86.5M)","explanation":"John Fetterman is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $86.5M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":86501585,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6PA00274/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C000127":[{"id":"P2_C000127_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $38,100 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Maria Cantwell serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $38,100 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":38100,"count":10,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Commerce, Science, and Transportation","Commerce, Science, and Transportation","Energy and Natural Resources","Finance","Finance"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Cantwell","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maria-Cantwell","https://www.senate.gov/general/committee_assignments/assignments.htm"]},{"id":"P2_C000127_dg8ozo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE gave $3,360 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Maria Cantwell serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $3,360 from LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE","total":3360,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Commerce, Science, and Transportation","Commerce, Science, and Transportation","Energy and Natural Resources","Finance","Finance"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Cantwell","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maria-Cantwell","https://www.senate.gov/general/committee_assignments/assignments.htm"]},{"id":"P2_C000127_sqviys","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE PROJECT O gave $3,300 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Maria Cantwell serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $3,300 from HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE PROJECT OPERATIONS, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE PROJECT OPERATIONS","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Commerce, Science, and Transportation","Commerce, Science, and Transportation","Energy and Natural Resources","Finance","Finance"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Cantwell","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maria-Cantwell","https://www.senate.gov/general/committee_assignments/assignments.htm"]},{"id":"P9_C000127_r30kc6","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$12,082 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $12,082 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":12082.39,"oppose":0,"net":12082.39,"events":6,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":6276,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006218","name":"NRDC ACTION FUND, INC","support":3508.09,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1471.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004973","name":"SEIU HEALTHCARE 1199 NW","support":806.74,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":20.03,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C000127_1cl9na","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maria Cantwell campaign paid $675,996 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: CANTWELL, MARIA MS","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's campaign paid 28 disbursements totaling $675,996 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANTWELL, MARIA MS","total":318688,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"CANTWELL, MARIA MS","amount":100000,"date":"2009-12-31","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CANTWELL, MARIA MS","amount":66772,"date":"2005-01-31","description":"LOAN PRINCIPAL","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CANTWELL, MARIA MS","amount":43492,"date":"2007-12-31","description":"LOAN PRINCIPAL PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANTWELL 2006","total":288863,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"CANTWELL 2006","amount":74000,"date":"2005-12-12","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CANTWELL 2006","amount":39000,"date":"2005-12-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CANTWELL 2006","amount":37300,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANTWELL FOR WOMEN IN THE SENATE 2020","total":35000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CANTWELL FOR WOMEN IN THE SENATE 2020","amount":25000,"date":"2020-10-11","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CANTWELL FOR WOMEN IN THE SENATE 2020","amount":10000,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANTWELL FOR WOMEN IN THE SENATE 2014","total":15000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CANTWELL FOR WOMEN IN THE SENATE 2014","amount":10000,"date":"2014-09-25","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CANTWELL FOR WOMEN IN THE SENATE 2014","amount":5000,"date":"2014-10-21","description":"2014 CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANTWELL-FORD 2006","total":6911,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CANTWELL-FORD 2006","amount":6911,"date":"2006-09-27","description":"TRANSFER OF PROCEEDS OF JOINT FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANTWELL-CLEARY CO. INC","total":5933.51,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CANTWELL-CLEARY CO. INC","amount":5933.51,"date":"2004-05-04","description":"JIFFY BAGS FOR FULFILLMENT","surnameMatched":"cantwell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CANTWELL"]},{"id":"P25_C000127_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of PAC dollars ($651,810) come from Party industry","explanation":"Maria Cantwell receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":651809.99,"share":65.2,"totalPAC":1000076.19,"pacCount":20},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":651809.99,"share":65.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":169578.6,"share":17},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":109862.1,"share":11},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":38100,"share":3.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_C000127_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00841825","name":"SENATE VICTORY 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00837575","name":"GREEN SENATE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00834044","name":"JUSTICE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00832113","name":"BLUE SENATE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00831255","name":"WOMEN SENATORS MAKING HISTORY","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_C000127_RNWK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $RNWK — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Maria Cantwell disclosed an asset position in $RNWK on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $RNWK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RNWK","assetName":"RNWK - RealNetworks Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/046cfe80-e2e5-4fbf-a325-558a3db00bff/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RNWK","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-04-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/046cfe80-e2e5-4fbf-a325-558a3db00bff/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P88_C000127_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maria Cantwell's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Cantwell 2000 Campaign Loan Company: Cantwell 2000 Campaign (Seattle, WA) Filer comment: Loan to Sen","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_C000127","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maria Cantwell's campaign paid $559,350 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: CANTWELL VICTORY 2024 ($241,500)","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 53 payments totaling $559,350 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CANTWELL VICTORY 2024 ($241,500 across 27 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION · DONATION). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":559350,"paymentCount":53,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CANTWELL VICTORY 2024","total":241500,"count":27,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION","DONATION"]},{"payee":"CANTWELL 2006","total":116300,"count":5,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS"]},{"payee":"CANTWELL VICTORY 2018","total":100550,"count":11,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"CANTWELL VICTORY 2012","total":45000,"count":5,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","FED PAC/NAT'L NON-RELATED 20112"]},{"payee":"CANTWELL FOR WOMEN IN THE SENATE 2020","total":35000,"count":2,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"cantwell"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S8WA00194&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_C000127","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maria Cantwell filed 2 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 90 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Maria Cantwell has filed 2 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 90 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020) · 2013 (63d late, filed 07/17/2013).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":2,"maxDaysLate":90,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0195efc6-e6f5-4e0d-9ce4-2867a5962344/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2013,"filingDate":"07/17/2013","daysLate":63,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D1824159-BB0D-4A14-B98B-B7174848E2D4/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0195efc6-e6f5-4e0d-9ce4-2867a5962344/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D1824159-BB0D-4A14-B98B-B7174848E2D4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P96_C000127_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maria Cantwell owes 3 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: US Bank St","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Home Equity Line of Credit ($$15,001 - $50,000) at Prime+0.75% (25) from US Bank St · Revolving Charge ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 14.24% (on demand) from US Bank St · Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 4.25% (20) from US Bank St..","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":3,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Home Equity Line of Credit","rate":"Prime+0.75% (25)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"US Bank St Paul, MN","incurred":"2006"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"14.24% (on demand)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"US Bank St Paul, MN","incurred":"2010"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.25% (20)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"US Bank St. Paul, MN","incurred":"2018"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P98_C000127_2025","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maria Cantwell carries 1 high-rate debt entry (≥12% APR) on 2025 PFD — top: 14.24% (on demand) Revolving Charge","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Revolving Charge 14.24% (on demand) from US Bank St ($$15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2025","count":1,"loans":[{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"14.24% (on demand)","creditor":"US Bank St Paul, MN","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_C000127_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maria Cantwell's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Cantwell\" — top: Cantwell 2000 Campaign Loan Company:","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Cantwell\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Cantwell 2000 Campaign Loan Company: (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Cantwell","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Cantwell 2000 Campaign Loan Company: Cantwell 2000 Campaign (Seattle, WA) Filer comment: Loan to Sen","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_C000127","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maria Cantwell named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($3.3M total receipts) — top: CANTWELL VICTORY 2024","explanation":"Maria Cantwell appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $3.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CANTWELL VICTORY 2024 (C00723189, $2.2M receipts, treasurer PETTERSON, JAY). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":3.28,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00723189","name":"CANTWELL VICTORY 2024","receipts":2221097.72,"treasurer":"PETTERSON, JAY","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00723189/"},{"committeeId":"C00500355","name":"CANTWELL VICTORY 2012","receipts":1060073.3900000001,"treasurer":"JAY PETTERSON","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00500355/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00723189/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00723189/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_C000127","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maria Cantwell ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $146M across 20 cycles","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's FEC-bulk record shows $146.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 20 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":146.35,"cycleCount":20,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8WA00194"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8WA00194/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C000127","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maria Cantwell's PAC funding concentrates 74% in Labor ($0.11M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's PAC donors concentrate 74% in the Labor industry — $0.11M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.11M · Technology $0.04M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.11,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":74.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.11,"Technology":0.04}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8WA00194/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P157_C000127","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maria Cantwell ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 972 sponsored, 4,235 cosponsored","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's congress.gov record shows 972 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":972,"cosponsoredCount":4235,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/maria-cantwell/C000127","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_C000127_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maria Cantwell's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 12 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Maria Cantwell's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 12 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":12,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c685221-f760-4704-9387-874d9e7aab6e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P181_C000127","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maria Cantwell — 101 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Maria Cantwell sponsored 101 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":101}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_C000127","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maria Cantwell — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($73.2M)","explanation":"Maria Cantwell is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $73.2M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":73173028,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8WA00194/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"O000172":[{"id":"P2_O000172_n04nbi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMALGAMATED BANK gave $208,440 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $208,440 from AMALGAMATED BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":208440.37999999998,"count":22,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Oversight and Accountability","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://legisletter.org/legislator/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-O000172/committees","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-alexandria-ocasio-cortez/"]},{"id":"P2_O000172_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $77,600 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Real Estate, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $77,600 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":77600,"count":23,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Oversight and Accountability","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://ocasio-cortez.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://legisletter.org/legislator/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-O000172/committees","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-alexandria-ocasio-cortez/"]},{"id":"P10_O000172_i6u9xl","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,794,547 / spent $1,478,528","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00692202","cmteName":"COURAGE TO CHANGE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":300,"cashOnHand":4700},{"cmteId":"C00692202","cmteName":"COURAGE TO CHANGE","year":"2020","totalReceipts":857366.6,"totalDisbursements":336778.3,"cashOnHand":525288.26},{"cmteId":"C00692202","cmteName":"COURAGE TO CHANGE","year":"2022","totalReceipts":465969.1,"totalDisbursements":459382.8,"cashOnHand":531874.54},{"cmteId":"C00692202","cmteName":"COURAGE TO CHANGE","year":"2024","totalReceipts":269246.7,"totalDisbursements":555370.7,"cashOnHand":245750.57},{"cmteId":"C00692202","cmteName":"COURAGE TO CHANGE","year":"2026","totalReceipts":196964.9,"totalDisbursements":126695.8,"cashOnHand":316019.68}],"totalRaised":1794547.2999999998,"totalSpent":1478527.5999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_O000172_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"211010 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $8,413,269 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 211010× NOT EMPLOYED = $8,413,269. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":211010,"total":8413269,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_O000172_7dnb4f","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez campaign paid $112,404 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: LLEWELLYN, FRANK","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's campaign paid 51 disbursements totaling $112,404 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LLEWELLYN, FRANK","total":64839.99,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"LLEWELLYN, FRANK","amount":5397.78,"date":"2024-04-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LLEWELLYN, FRANK","amount":3828.07,"date":"2024-04-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LLEWELLYN, FRANK","amount":3828.07,"date":"2024-03-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARBARA LLEWELLYN CATERING & EVENT PLANNING","total":9397.94,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BARBARA LLEWELLYN CATERING & EVENT PLANNING","amount":5252.76,"date":"2004-01-02","description":"FOOD AND BEVERAGES","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BARBARA LLEWELLYN CATERING & EVENT PLANNING","amount":4145.18,"date":"2005-01-03","description":"NON-FUNDRAISING EVENT EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARBARA LLEWELLYN CATERING","total":5543.45,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BARBARA LLEWELLYN CATERING","amount":2784.1,"date":"2010-05-14","description":"FUND.: FOOD & BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BARBARA LLEWELLYN CATERING","amount":2759.35,"date":"2003-10-03","description":"CONT. TO DIANNE FEINSTEIN","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AHMAD-LLEWELLYN, SHAHARA AHMAD","total":5000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"AHMAD-LLEWELLYN, SHAHARA AHMAD","amount":3000,"date":"2024-12-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"AHMAD-LLEWELLYN, SHAHARA AHMAD","amount":2000,"date":"2024-10-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARBARA LLEWELLYN, CATERER","total":2750,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BARBARA LLEWELLYN, CATERER","amount":2750,"date":"2008-08-07","description":"IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH, LLEWELLYN 'BISCUIT'","total":2500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH, LLEWELLYN 'BISCUIT'","amount":2500,"date":"2015-10-12","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"llewellyn","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LLEWELLYN"]},{"id":"P29_O000172_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"OCASIO-CORTEZ, Alexandria voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":5,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_O000172_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $208,440.38","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $208,440.38 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 67.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":208440.37999999998,"count":22,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P61_O000172","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $237,356.84","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez received campaign contributions totaling $237,356.84 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($208,440.38); STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY ($18,916.46); UNITE HERE! ($5,000); AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":237356.83999999997,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":208440.37999999998,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NEW YORK STATE INSURANCE FUND","ldaClient":"STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":18916.46,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL ACTION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_O000172","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez named in 4 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez appears as a named subject in 4 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":4,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-alexandria-ocasio-cortez/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-70/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Acting Chairwoman and Acting Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-acting-chairwoman-and-acting-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-3/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-alexandria-ocasio-cortez/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-70/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-acting-chairwoman-and-acting-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-3/"]},{"id":"P137_O000172","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $158M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's FEC-bulk record shows $157.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":157.64,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8NY15148"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY15148/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_O000172","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's PAC funding concentrates 63% in Finance ($0.21M / $0.33M classified)","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's PAC donors concentrate 63% in the Finance industry — $0.21M of $0.33M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.21M · Technology $0.08M · Healthcare $0.04M · Labor $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.21,"totalPacAmountM":0.33,"concentrationPct":62.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.21,"Technology":0.08,"Healthcare":0.04,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY15148/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P199_O000172","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($78.8M)","explanation":"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $78.8M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":78817994,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY15148/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001111":[{"id":"P2_M001111_dg8ozo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE gave $6,600 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Patty Murray serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $6,600 from LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE","total":6600,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Budget","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.murray.senate.gov/committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray","https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/patty-murray"]},{"id":"P2_M001111_ak1c07","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TELEVISAUNIVISION, INC. EMPLOYEE POLITIC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Patty Murray serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from TELEVISAUNIVISION, INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TELEVISAUNIVISION, INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Budget","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.murray.senate.gov/committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray","https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/patty-murray"]},{"id":"P2_M001111_9lzivk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INS gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Patty Murray serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS PAC (NABIP PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS PAC (NABIP PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Budget","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.murray.senate.gov/committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray","https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/patty-murray"]},{"id":"P2_M001111_ca17ss","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITI gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Patty Murray serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARAPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARAPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Budget","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.murray.senate.gov/committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray","https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/patty-murray"]},{"id":"P2_M001111_jo8tfn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC PAC (BOOZ ALLEN  gave $4,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Patty Murray serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $4,000 from BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Budget","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.murray.senate.gov/committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray","https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/patty-murray"]},{"id":"P2_M001111_p4m82f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"VIGOR PAC gave $3,750 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Patty Murray serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $3,750 from VIGOR PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VIGOR PAC","total":3750,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Budget","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.murray.senate.gov/committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray","https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/patty-murray"]},{"id":"P2_M001111_29k0pu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"USAA EMPLOYEE PAC gave $2,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Patty Murray serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from USAA EMPLOYEE PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"USAA EMPLOYEE PAC","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Budget","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.murray.senate.gov/committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray","https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/patty-murray"]},{"id":"P2_M001111_nx2fnw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PARSONS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COM gave $2,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Patty Murray serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from PARSONS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PARSONS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Budget","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.murray.senate.gov/committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray","https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/politics-and-government/patty-murray"]},{"id":"P3_M001111_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 9 BUYS vs 8 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":9,"sells":8,"netBuy":1,"total":17}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_M001111_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,197,213 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $2,197,213 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":2197213.24,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P6_M001111_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$300,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Family Friendly Action PAC","explanation":"Family Friendly Action PAC spent $300,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"Family Friendly Action PAC","support":300000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P7_M001111_z1ync6","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $14,386,490 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $14,386,490 opposing this member across 188 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":14386489.669999994,"totalSupport":3435050.160000001,"events":188,"topAttackers":[{"name":"EVERGREEN PRINCIPLES PAC","oppose":4375865.53},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":3648705},{"name":"CROSSROADS GRASSROOTS POLICY STRATEGIES","oppose":3597316.1300000004},{"name":"ESAFund","oppose":1043334.61},{"name":"OUR AMERICAN CENTURY","oppose":865789.49}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_M001111_yhojdj","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,328,153 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 8 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,328,153 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1328152.98,"events":8,"byYear":{"2010":1328152.98},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":652584.69,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001713","name":"CSS ACTION FUND INC.","total":640410.38,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30001846","name":"ENTERPRISE FREEDOM ACTION COMMITTEE","total":35157.909999999996,"events":5}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001111_4e2mz7","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$285,964 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $285,964 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":287576.8400000001,"oppose":1613.28,"net":285963.56000000006,"events":69,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":76574.99,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":47669.93,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":37961.66000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":25755,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":23248.64,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001111_8wd68w","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patty Murray campaign paid $5,118,553 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","explanation":"Patty Murray's campaign paid 64 disbursements totaling $5,118,553 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","total":3382792,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":300000,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"TV BUY - 10/26/04-11/2/04","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":257760,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"NETWORK TV BUY","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":200000,"date":"2010-10-13","description":"MEDIA BUYS - TV","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","total":295220,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":97000,"date":"2012-10-18","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":85105,"date":"2010-10-18","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":73115,"date":"2006-10-25","description":"ADVERTISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","total":293621.62,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":72105,"date":"2011-08-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":55781,"date":"2011-05-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":43097,"date":"2011-11-16","description":"FUNDRAISER CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","total":185450,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":54100,"date":"2004-09-17","description":"EXEMPT FEA - GET OUT THE VOTE MAILERS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":50650,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"EXEMPT FEA-MASS MAILING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":41200,"date":"2004-10-20","description":"EXEMPT - MASS MAILING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY, LIZ","total":158236,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY, LIZ","amount":119745,"date":"2008-12-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEES","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURRAY, LIZ","amount":38491,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY, ELIZABETH","total":146659,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY, ELIZABETH","amount":55000,"date":"2006-09-11","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURRAY, ELIZABETH","amount":46659,"date":"2007-04-27","description":"FUNDRAISING-CONSULTANT FEES","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURRAY, ELIZABETH","amount":45000,"date":"2006-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MURRAY%20PERSKIE%20ASSOCIATES"]},{"id":"P20_M001111_ovlw21","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 7 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Patty Murray sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 7 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2017-06-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2017-06-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2017-06-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2017-06-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":36050542.61,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2017-06-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_M001111_jo8tfn","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Patty Murray's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":4000,"fara_registrant":"Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P33_M001111","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Patty Murray sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense and actively trades in Finance, Defense, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":17},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":4},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001111","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"Patty Murray has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001111_Jamestown_S_Klallam_Tribe_119061","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Patty Murray sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session…\". The witness Loni Greninger (Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119061","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)","date":"2026-03-18T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Loni Greninger","witnessOrg":"Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061"},{"source":"donor","name":"LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LOWER%20ELWHA%20KLALLAM%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LOWER%20ELWHA%20KLALLAM%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001111_Jamestown_S_Klallam_Tribe__115412","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe, testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Patty Murray sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-08 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1\". The witness W. Ron Allen (Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe,) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115412","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1","date":"2023-03-08T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"W. Ron Allen","witnessOrg":"Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe,","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115412"},{"source":"donor","name":"LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LOWER%20ELWHA%20KLALLAM%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115412","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LOWER%20ELWHA%20KLALLAM%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P49_M001111_2017-06-19_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 4 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Patty Murray delivered a 1645-word floor speech on 2017-06-19 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. President, Demo- crats come to the floor this evening as a voice for the people we represent, to fight back against Republican plans to jam TrumpCare through this Senate, increase healthcare costs…\"). The member sell $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 4 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-06-19","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":1645,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. President, Demo- crats come to the floor this evening as a voice for the people we represent, to fight back against Republican plans to jam TrumpCare through this Senate, increase healthcare costs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/06/19/CREC-2017-06-19-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/06/19/CREC-2017-06-19-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_M001111_AMGN","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $AMGN — AMGEN's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Patty Murray executed 2 reported trades in $AMGN (AMGEN). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AMGEN, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","parent":"AMGEN","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-16"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AMGEN, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"AMGEN","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMGEN%2C%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMGEN%2C%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P57_M001111","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1328K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 49% from AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","explanation":"Patty Murray was the target of $1,328,152.98 in electioneering communications across 8 events from 3 different committees. The dominant spender was AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK ($652,584.69 = 49% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1328152.98,"events":8,"pacCount":3,"byYear":{"2010":1328152.98}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":652584.69,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001713","name":"CSS ACTION FUND INC.","total":640410.38,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001713/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001846","name":"ENTERPRISE FREEDOM ACTION COMMITTEE","total":35157.909999999996,"events":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001846/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_M001111","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$288K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 27% from NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Patty Murray received $287,576.84 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ($76,574.99 = 27%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":287576.8400000001,"oppose":1613.28,"byYear":{"2010":257522.23000000004,"2012":7022.6,"2016":25412.29,"2022":87036.86999999998},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":76574.99,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":47669.93,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":37961.66000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":25755,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":23248.64,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004171/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_M001111","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (4 total findings) — ie support concentration (2), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Patty Murray triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 4 total findings across them: ie support concentration (2), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":4,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":2},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_M001111","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $54,353.55","explanation":"Patty Murray received campaign contributions totaling $54,353.55 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: WINE INSTITUTE ($10,000); CORALLO MEDIA STRATEGIES INC ($7,753.55); LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE ($6,600); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($5,000); CONSUMER BRANDS ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":54353.55,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"WINE INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"WINE INSTITUTE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SCREEN STRATEGIES MEDIA","ldaClient":"CORALLO MEDIA STRATEGIES INC","donorTotal":7753.55,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE","ldaClient":"LOWER ELWHA KLALLAM TRIBE","donorTotal":6600,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INT'L UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSUMER BRANDS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE ('CONSUMER BRANDS ASSOCIATION PAC')","ldaClient":"CONSUMER BRANDS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_M001111_2017-06-15","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"83 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2017-06-15 — 83 unique tickers","explanation":"Patty Murray executed 83 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2017-06-15 to 2017-06-15), spanning 83 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2017-06-15","windowEnd":"2017-06-15","tradeCount":83,"uniqueTickers":83,"totalDisclosedTrades":161,"sampleTickers":["DUK","WBA","KEY","TEL","TAP","PRU","KMB","TEVA","GILD","CSCO"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_M001111_2017","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 6 new ticker holdings in 2017 not present in prior PFD filings — including FFTHX, FFTWX, FDRXX, FFFEX, FBALX, FBGRX","explanation":"Patty Murray's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 6 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FFTHX, FFTWX, FDRXX, FFFEX, FBALX, FBGRX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2017,"count":6,"newTickers":["FFTHX","FFTWX","FDRXX","FFFEX","FBALX","FBGRX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b518a70e-ad71-4479-be07-902c525fdbaa/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b518a70e-ad71-4479-be07-902c525fdbaa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001111","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Patty Murray appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (8); ie support concentration (2); hearing witness donor (2); vote trade alignment (1); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":8},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001111","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_M001111_2017","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 6 ticker holdings between 2016 and 2017 — including FFKDX, FBGKX, FBAKX, FKTWX, FFKEX, FKTHX","explanation":"Patty Murray's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 ticker holdings present in the 2016 filing but absent in 2017. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FFKDX, FBGKX, FBAKX, FKTWX, FFKEX, FKTHX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2016,2017],"count":6,"divestedTickers":["FFKDX","FBGKX","FBAKX","FKTWX","FFKEX","FKTHX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b518a70e-ad71-4479-be07-902c525fdbaa/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b518a70e-ad71-4479-be07-902c525fdbaa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_M001111_2026","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patty Murray's 2026 PFD: 28 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (88% of 32 reported assets)","explanation":"Patty Murray's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 28 reported holdings owned by Spouse (19), Joint (9), or Dependent (0) — 88% of 32 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Checking · Joint: USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Savings · Joint: USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Certificate of Deposit · Joint: USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Money Market Account.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2026","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":19,"Joint":9,"Dependent":0,"Self":3},"totalAssets":32,"familyShare":0.875,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"USSFCU (Washington, DC) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_M001111","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patty Murray's campaign paid $4,351,180 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES ($3,382,792)","explanation":"Patty Murray's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 51 payments totaling $4,351,180 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES ($3,382,792 across 34 payments, services: TV BUY - 10/26/04-11/2/04 · NETWORK TV BUY · MEDIA BUYS - TV). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":4351180,"paymentCount":51,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","total":3382792,"count":34,"descriptions":["TV BUY - 10/26/04-11/2/04","NETWORK TV BUY","MEDIA BUYS - TV"]},{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","total":295220,"count":4,"descriptions":["PRINTING EXPENSE","ADVERTISING EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","total":185450,"count":4,"descriptions":["EXEMPT FEA - GET OUT THE VOTE MAILERS","EXEMPT FEA-MASS MAILING","EXEMPT - MASS MAILING"]},{"payee":"MURRAY, LIZ","total":158236,"count":2,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEES","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES"]},{"payee":"MURRAY, ELIZABETH","total":146659,"count":3,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING-CONSULTANT FEES"]}],"surname":"murray"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2WA00189&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P100_M001111_2026","pattern_type":"P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patty Murray's spouse earned income from 1 finance-industry payer on 2026 PFD — top: Fidelity Investments Boston, MA","explanation":"Patty Murray's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a major financial-services firm (investment bank, hedge fund, private equity, asset manager, or commercial bank). Spouse compensation from a regulated finance firm establishes ongoing household income dependence on the firm's profitability — every committee vote affecting capital requirements, broker-dealer rules, private-fund regulations, or merger-and-acquisition policy moves the senator's family balance sheet. Payers: Fidelity Investments Boston, MA (Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_finance","year":"2026","count":1,"onFinanceCommittee":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Retirement","payer":"Fidelity Investments Boston, MA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.sec.gov/edgar"]},{"id":"P109_M001111","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patty Murray named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($7.5M total receipts) — top: MURRAY VICTORY FUND 2022","explanation":"Patty Murray appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $7.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MURRAY VICTORY FUND 2022 (C00767624, $3.4M receipts, treasurer PETTERSON, JAY). Active years: 2, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":7.46,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00767624","name":"MURRAY VICTORY FUND 2022","receipts":3356642.47,"treasurer":"PETTERSON, JAY","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00767624/"},{"committeeId":"C00468744","name":"MURRAY VICTORY 2010","receipts":2463726.98,"treasurer":"BRIAN FOUCART","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468744/"},{"committeeId":"C00565127","name":"MURRAY VICTORY FUND","receipts":1642735.94,"treasurer":"JAY PETTERSON","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00565127/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00767624/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00767624/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_M001111","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patty Murray's PFD net worth grew 2.9× in 12 years — 2014 $1.23M → 2026 $3.60M (CAGR 9.4%)","explanation":"Patty Murray's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $1.23M in 2014 to $3.60M in 2026 — a 2.9× increase over 12 years (compound annual growth rate: 9.4%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 12-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":1.23,"latestYear":"2026","latestNetWorthM":3.6,"growthFactor":2.93,"yearsCovered":12,"cagrPct":9.38,"filingCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/492a7882-c850-450c-a566-2bab14d99c5c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/492a7882-c850-450c-a566-2bab14d99c5c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_M001111","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patty Murray ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $30.0M across 25 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Patty Murray's FEC-bulk record shows $30.0M in lifetime PAC contributions across 25 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $153.6M (PAC: $30.0M, individual: $111.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":30.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":153.62,"lifetimeIndividualM":111.91,"cycleCount":25,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S2WA00189"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2WA00189/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_M001111","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patty Murray ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $154M across 25 cycles","explanation":"Patty Murray's FEC-bulk record shows $153.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 25 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":153.62,"cycleCount":25,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2WA00189"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2WA00189/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_M001111","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patty Murray triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Patty Murray accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":29}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M001111","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patty Murray triggers 30 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Patty Murray accumulates findings across 30 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 30 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":30,"sampleDetectors":["P2","P3","P6","P7","P8","P9","P19","P20","P26","P33","P36","P47","P49","P52","P57","P58","P59","P61","P65","P74","P78","P79","P87","P90","P100","P109","P110","P136","P137","P149"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_M001111","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patty Murray ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,173 sponsored, 6,340 cosponsored","explanation":"Patty Murray's congress.gov record shows 1,173 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1173,"cosponsoredCount":6340,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/patty-murray/M001111","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_M001111","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patty Murray ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,340 cosponsored, 1,173 sponsored","explanation":"Patty Murray's congress.gov record shows 6,340 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6340,"sponsoredCount":1173,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/patty-murray/M001111","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_M001111_2026","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patty Murray's 2026 PFD includes 3 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Patty Murray's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: FFTHX - Fidelity Freedom 2035 · FFFEX - Fidelity Freedom 2030 · FFFFX - Fidelity Freedom 2040 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2026","count":3,"holdings":[{"asset":"FFTHX - Fidelity Freedom 2035","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"asset":"FFFEX - Fidelity Freedom 2030","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"FFFFX - Fidelity Freedom 2040 Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_M001111_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patty Murray's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 31 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Patty Murray's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 31 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":31,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_M001111_2017-06-15","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patty Murray — 83 trades on 2017-06-15","explanation":"Patty Murray disclosed 83 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-06-15). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-06-15","count":83}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001111","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patty Murray — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (161/161)","explanation":"Patty Murray's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":161,"atBracket":161,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001111","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patty Murray — 85 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Patty Murray has traded 85 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":85,"sample":["DUK","WBA","KEY","TEL","TAP","PRU","KMB","TEVA","GILD","CSCO"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P181_M001111","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patty Murray — 116 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Patty Murray sponsored 116 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":116}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M001111_2026","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patty Murray — 13 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Patty Murray's 2026 Senate PFD shows 13 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2026","tickerPositions":13,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/419e904f-1f31-4f8d-9b66-a05a769bb523/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_M001111","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patty Murray — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($76.8M)","explanation":"Patty Murray is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $76.8M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":76811751,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2WA00189/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"V000138":[{"id":"P2_V000138_i4cjuv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VOTEVETS FEDERAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Eugene Vindman serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from VOTEVETS FEDERAL PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VOTEVETS FEDERAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://vindman.house.gov/2025/01/15/vindman-named-member-two-us-house-committees-armed-services-and-agriculture/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000138","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Vindman"]},{"id":"P2_V000138_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Eugene Vindman serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://vindman.house.gov/2025/01/15/vindman-named-member-two-us-house-committees-armed-services-and-agriculture/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000138","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Vindman"]},{"id":"P2_V000138_8dt2u8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEMOCRACY DEFENSE FUND gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Eugene Vindman serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense) and received $5,000 from DEMOCRACY DEFENSE FUND, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEMOCRACY DEFENSE FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://vindman.house.gov/2025/01/15/vindman-named-member-two-us-house-committees-armed-services-and-agriculture/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000138","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Vindman"]},{"id":"P6_V000138_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$889,852 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $889,852 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":889852,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_V000138_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$528,045 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HMP","explanation":"HMP spent $528,045 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"HMP","support":528044.56,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_V000138_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$498,300 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets (also direct donor)","explanation":"VoteVets spent $498,300 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":498300.37,"oppose":0,"events":4},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"VOTEVETS FEDERAL PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P6_V000138_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$490,135 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $490,135 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":490135.4,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P7_V000138_sa1bos","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,788,392 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,788,392 opposing this member across 67 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1788392.32,"totalSupport":2554327.0500000007,"events":67,"topAttackers":[{"name":"American Patriots PAC","oppose":1524017.32},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":203875},{"name":"The Family Foundation Action","oppose":31000},{"name":"PATRIOTS FOR A BRIGHTER AMERICA","oppose":29500}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_V000138_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38755 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $4,251,643 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 38755× NOT EMPLOYED = $4,251,643. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":38755,"total":4251643,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_V000138_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Eugene Vindman sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_V000138","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $104,596.56","explanation":"Eugene Vindman received campaign contributions totaling $104,596.56 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CITIZENS BANK, N.A. ($24,596.56); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($5,000); INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENT ($5,000); BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":104596.56,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CITIZENS BANK","ldaClient":"CITIZENS BANK, N.A.","donorTotal":24596.559999999998,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL)","ldaClient":"INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL & REINFORCING IRON WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS & TRAINMEN PAC FUND","ldaClient":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]}],"H001046":[{"id":"P2_H001046_h31nsb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"HEINRICH VICTORY FUND gave $346,400 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $346,400 from HEINRICH VICTORY FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HEINRICH VICTORY FUND","total":346400,"count":11,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_lxw9v1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"PERSHING LLC gave $97,200 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $97,200 from PERSHING LLC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PERSHING LLC","total":97199.96,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_ui83pi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $10,000 from GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_94yf76","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AVANGRID POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $10,000 from AVANGRID POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AVANGRID POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_qr7wxq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $10,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSN., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSN.","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_hdqvlo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PUEBLO OF LAGUNA gave $5,800 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,800 from PUEBLO OF LAGUNA, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PUEBLO OF LAGUNA","total":5800,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_cqvwc9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_sp7p6x","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD G gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVERNMENT FEDERAL FUND II, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVERNMENT FEDERAL FUND II","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_3x1j0p","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_yu8x1k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_s9mwh8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_l9pg3w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUN gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_jevlyv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_k9hqj8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ARDENT HEALTH SERVICES LLC GOOD GOVERNME gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from ARDENT HEALTH SERVICES LLC GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ARDENT HEALTH SERVICES LLC GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P2_H001046_yvszif","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Martin Heinrich serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (API PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (API PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heinrich","https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-announces-committee-assignments-for-118th-congress-set-to-chair-joint-economic-committee"]},{"id":"P6_H001046_d06hqt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$323,441 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION ACTION FUND","explanation":"NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION ACTION FUND spent $323,441 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90009994","name":"NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION ACTION FUND","support":323440.95,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90009994/"]},{"id":"P7_H001046_1edvhu","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,557,488 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,557,488 opposing this member across 2938 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2557487.78,"totalSupport":1094608.5200000321,"events":2938,"topAttackers":[{"name":"JEFFERSON RISING","oppose":794300},{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":623166.8},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":549013.27},{"name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","oppose":340944.25999999995},{"name":"AMERICAN FREEDOM PAC","oppose":81767.09999999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_H001046_fyzgwx","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,416,612 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 5 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,416,612 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1416612,"events":5,"byYear":{"2010":1416612},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":999730,"events":3},{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":416882,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001046_q62lmz","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$107,956 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $107,956 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":107955.99999999999,"oppose":0,"net":107955.99999999999,"events":52,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":35859.82,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":28477.760000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":13327.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":5968.21,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":4919.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001046_uv5wng","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,459,344 / spent $4,289,152","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00497073","cmteName":"LOBO PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":105231.2,"totalDisbursements":63077.9,"cashOnHand":42152.97},{"cmteId":"C00497073","cmteName":"LOBO PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":541660.4,"totalDisbursements":576949.9,"cashOnHand":6863.4},{"cmteId":"C00497073","cmteName":"LOBO PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":582945.8,"totalDisbursements":584173,"cashOnHand":5636.22},{"cmteId":"C00497073","cmteName":"LOBO PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":553604.6,"totalDisbursements":551681,"cashOnHand":7559.82},{"cmteId":"C00497073","cmteName":"LOBO PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":658317,"totalDisbursements":636347.6,"cashOnHand":29529.19}],"totalRaised":4459343.7,"totalSpent":4289152}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001046_jvzrfv","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $579,394 in itemized individual contributions, $485,900 (84%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":579394,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":6000,"$500-$999":25244,"$1000-$1999":62250,"$2000 and over":485900},"megaShare":83.9,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001046_bswicc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Martin Heinrich campaign paid $88,551 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: AKINS, NOAH","explanation":"Martin Heinrich's campaign paid 42 disbursements totaling $88,551 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AKINS, NOAH","total":29363.49,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"AKINS, NOAH","amount":4115.32,"date":"2024-11-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"AKINS, NOAH","amount":2659.6,"date":"2024-11-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"AKINS, NOAH","amount":2376.82,"date":"2025-10-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AKINS, ABBY C.","total":15047.299999999997,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"AKINS, ABBY C.","amount":3000,"date":"2018-12-05","description":"RECOUNT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"AKINS, ABBY C.","amount":1773.47,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"AKINS, ABBY C.","amount":1773.47,"date":"2018-09-14","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AKINS, DONNA MISS","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"AKINS, DONNA MISS","amount":5000,"date":"2021-05-12","description":"REFUND: CONTRIBUTION REFUND-2022 PRIMARY AND GENERAL","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AKINS, NICHOLAS MR.","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"AKINS, NICHOLAS MR.","amount":5000,"date":"2021-05-12","description":"REFUND: CONTRIBUTION REFUND-2022 PRIMARY AND GENERAL","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AKINS CRISP PUBLIC STRATEGIES","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"AKINS CRISP PUBLIC STRATEGIES","amount":5000,"date":"2009-01-09","description":"CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AKINS, CLAIRE","total":4600,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"AKINS, CLAIRE","amount":2300,"date":"2008-08-28","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"AKINS, CLAIRE","amount":2300,"date":"2009-12-08","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"akins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=AKINS"]},{"id":"P27_H001046_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00878116","name":"SCHUMER MAJORITY COMMITTEE","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00854984","name":"BALDWIN HEINRICH VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00832113","name":"BLUE SENATE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001046","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 23 total findings","explanation":"Martin Heinrich has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":23,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_H001046_Pueblo_of_Laguna_117916","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pueblo of Laguna testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $5,800 donor","explanation":"Martin Heinrich sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Harry Antonio (Pueblo of Laguna) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,800 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117916","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Harry Antonio","witnessOrg":"Pueblo of Laguna","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUEBLO OF LAGUNA","total":5800,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"NM","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUEBLO%20OF%20LAGUNA"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUEBLO%20OF%20LAGUNA"]},{"id":"P57_H001046","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1417K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 71% from AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","explanation":"Martin Heinrich was the target of $1,416,612 in electioneering communications across 5 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK ($999,730 = 71% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1416612,"events":5,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":1416612}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":999730,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":416882,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_H001046","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$108K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 33% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Martin Heinrich received $107,956 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($35,859.82 = 33%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":107955.99999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":25610.55,"2012":44888.869999999995,"2018":1596.76,"2024":35859.82},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":35859.82,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":28477.760000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":13327.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005152/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":5968.21,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":4919.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004171/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_H001046","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (3 total findings) — ie support concentration (1), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Martin Heinrich triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 3 total findings across them: ie support concentration (1), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":3,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":1},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_H001046","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $150,800","explanation":"Martin Heinrich received campaign contributions totaling $150,800 from 28 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 26 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: GENERAL ATOMICS ($10,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($10,000); PUEBLO OF LAGUNA ($5,800); NATIONAL TREASURY EMPLOYEES UNION ($5,000); KIDNEY CARE COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":28,"totalDollars":150800,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GENERAL ATOMICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSN.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PUEBLO OF LAGUNA","ldaClient":"PUEBLO OF LAGUNA","donorTotal":5800,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL TREASURY EMPLOYEES UNION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL TREASURY EMPLOYEES UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KIDNEY CARE PARTNERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"KIDNEY CARE COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P77_H001046","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 3 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: Mexico","explanation":"Martin Heinrich's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 3 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Mexico. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Mexico → Scholar's Edge 529 Institution: The Education Trust Board of New Mexico (--).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":3,"countries":["Mexico"],"byCountry":{"Mexico":[{"assetName":"Scholar's Edge 529 Institution: The Education Trust Board of New Mexico","valueRange":"--"},{"assetName":"Public Employees Retirement Association of New Mexico","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"assetName":"Public Employees Retirement Association of New Mexico","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001046","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Martin Heinrich appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (15); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":15},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001046","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_H001046_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 8 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including FNIAX, FSTAX, FSCDX, FIIAX, FDAGX, PESPX","explanation":"Martin Heinrich's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FNIAX, FSTAX, FSCDX, FIIAX, FDAGX, PESPX, DISSX, RERCX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":8,"divestedTickers":["FNIAX","FSTAX","FSCDX","FIIAX","FDAGX","PESPX","DISSX","RERCX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fe091b7e-a448-4aea-96e0-55e85fdc40d6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fe091b7e-a448-4aea-96e0-55e85fdc40d6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_H001046_2025","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin Heinrich filed 2 amendments to the 2025 Senate annual disclosure — 6 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Martin Heinrich's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2025 report alone, with 6 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2025,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":6,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/322f8a38-8455-4a4f-998d-b9ce2eea60c8/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/322f8a38-8455-4a4f-998d-b9ce2eea60c8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_H001046_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Martin Heinrich discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 19% of 31 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Martin Heinrich's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 31 total reported assets — 19% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Scholar's Edge 529 Institution: The Education Trust Board of New Mexico (--) · Martin Heinrich IRA (--) · Julie Heinrich IRA (--) · Julie Heinrich Defined Contribution Pension Plan (--) · Empower Retirement (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":31,"opaqueRatio":0.194,"samples":[{"asset":"Scholar's Edge 529 Institution: The Education Trust Board of New Mexico","value":"--"},{"asset":"Martin Heinrich IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Julie Heinrich IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Julie Heinrich Defined Contribution Pension Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Empower Retirement","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_H001046_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin Heinrich's 2025 PFD: 23 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (72% of 32 reported assets)","explanation":"Martin Heinrich's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 23 reported holdings owned by Spouse (21), Joint (0), or Dependent (2) — 72% of 32 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Scholar's Edge 529 Institution: The Education Trust Board of New Mexico · Spouse: Scholar's Edge Today Portfolio A · Spouse: Scholar's Edge Conservative Portfolio A · Spouse: Congressional Federal Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Checking, Savings.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":21,"Joint":0,"Dependent":2,"Self":8},"totalAssets":32,"familyShare":0.719,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Scholar's Edge 529 Institution: The Education Trust Board of New Mexico","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Scholar's Edge Today Portfolio A","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Scholar's Edge Conservative Portfolio A","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Congressional Federal Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Congressional Federal Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_H001046","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Martin Heinrich filed 6 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 90 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Martin Heinrich has filed 6 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 90 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2020 (80d late, filed 08/03/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":6,"maxDaysLate":90,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/322f8a38-8455-4a4f-998d-b9ce2eea60c8/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb24f5ac-4da1-4977-9090-fcad80783c46/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/03/2020","daysLate":80,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/190dd53b-fb8d-4da5-809d-1fdf17d44e09/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/322f8a38-8455-4a4f-998d-b9ce2eea60c8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fb24f5ac-4da1-4977-9090-fcad80783c46/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_H001046","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin Heinrich named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.0M total receipts) — top: HEINRICH VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Martin Heinrich appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HEINRICH VICTORY FUND (C00603019, $2.0M receipts, treasurer JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00603019","name":"HEINRICH VICTORY FUND","receipts":2002274.52,"treasurer":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00603019/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00603019/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00603019/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_H001046","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Martin Heinrich's PAC funding concentrates 57% in Energy ($0.36M / $0.63M classified)","explanation":"Martin Heinrich's PAC donors concentrate 57% in the Energy industry — $0.36M of $0.63M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Energy $0.36M · Finance $0.11M · Labor $0.07M · Defense $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Energy","topAmountM":0.36,"totalPacAmountM":0.63,"concentrationPct":57.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Energy":0.36,"Finance":0.11,"Labor":0.07,"Defense":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2NM00088/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_H001046","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin Heinrich triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Martin Heinrich accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P161_H001046_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin Heinrich's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Martin Heinrich's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: JPMCB SmartRetirement DRE 2040 Fund-CF-A.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"JPMCB SmartRetirement DRE 2040 Fund-CF-A","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_H001046_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin Heinrich's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 31 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Martin Heinrich's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 31 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":31,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P168_H001046_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin Heinrich's 2025 PFD: liabilities $0.41M = 59% of assets $0.69M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Martin Heinrich's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $0.41M against total assets of $0.69M — a leverage ratio of 59%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":689014.5,"totalLiabMid":407501,"leverageRatio":0.591,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c6f8a29d-c6b0-499a-aa77-008d913436a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"K000397":[{"id":"P2_K000397_cq3d5f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GROW THE MAJORITY CA gave $40,962 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Young Kim serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance, Real Estate) and received $40,962 from GROW THE MAJORITY CA, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GROW THE MAJORITY CA","total":40962.38,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Financial Services","Financial Services","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://youngkim.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses/","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/young-kim","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Kim"]},{"id":"P6_K000397_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,924,213 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FAIRSHAKE","explanation":"FAIRSHAKE spent $1,924,213 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"FAIRSHAKE","support":1924213,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_K000397_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,077,668 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,077,668 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1077668,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_K000397_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$304,863 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $304,863 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 24 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":304862.95000000007,"oppose":0,"events":24}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_K000397_d0l468","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$284,498 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","explanation":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND spent $284,498 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011677","name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","support":284498,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011677/"]},{"id":"P7_K000397_jrgsb1","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,179,253 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,179,253 opposing this member across 233 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8179252.549999999,"totalSupport":4179321.5199999996,"events":233,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5347137.039999999},{"name":"Americans 4 Security PAC","oppose":1553315.8600000003},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":746270.1900000001},{"name":"Priorities USA Action","oppose":122316.35999999999},{"name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","oppose":100430.06}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000397_rxn3n3","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$126,436 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $126,436 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":126436.13,"oppose":0,"net":126436.13,"events":19,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":121758.79999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":4677.33,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_K000397_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of PAC dollars ($3,570,702) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Young Kim receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":3570701.7399999998,"share":71.5,"totalPAC":4990831.900000001,"pacCount":9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":3570701.7399999998,"share":71.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1264559.4300000004,"share":25.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":65028.07,"share":1.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":49580.28,"share":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_K000397_cq8ycp","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"LISKER LISA\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00866491","name":"GROW THE MAJORITY CA","treasurer":"LISKER LISA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00858373","name":"GROW THE MAJORITY","treasurer":"LISKER LISA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00840512","name":"GOP WINNING WOMEN 2024","treasurer":"LISKER LISA"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000397","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Young Kim has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_K000397","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 96% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Young Kim received $126,436.13 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($121,758.8 = 96%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":126436.13,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2018":111.5,"2020":1824.82,"2022":63139.560000000005,"2024":64785.18},"corpCount":4},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":121758.79999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":4677.33,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003645/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_K000397","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $109,279 on 2023-06-30 (11.6× normal)","explanation":"Young Kim's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $109,279 on 2023-06-30 — 11.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":176612,"maxRatio":11.6,"maxAmount":109279},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-30","amount":109279,"ratio":11.6,"baselineDaily":9405,"count":166,"cmteId":"C00665638","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00665638&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-02-22","amount":67333,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":6443,"count":73,"cmteId":"C00665638","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00665638&min_date=2022-02-22&max_date=2022-02-22"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00665638/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00665638&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"]},{"id":"P137_K000397","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Young Kim ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $71M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Young Kim's FEC-bulk record shows $71.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":71.23,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8CA39240"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA39240/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001208":[{"id":"P2_M001208_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $67,800 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $67,800 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":67800,"count":19,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Labor (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_3atane","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Labor (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_c8t3f4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE PAC (AA gave $5,000 — member sits on Legal-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Legal (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE PAC (AAJ PAC), a Legal PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE PAC (AAJ PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Legal"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_rtxes0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTATION ( gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTATION (SMART) PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTATION (SMART) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_79ibrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Labor (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_rmsvtf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FRATERNITY & SORORITY POLITICAL ACTION C gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Education (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from FRATERNITY & SORORITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FRATERNITY & SORORITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_5j2dhu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDU gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Education (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from THE NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P2_M001208_85z170","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH A gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Lucy McBath serves on committees regulating Labor (Legal, Technology, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Judiciary","Education and the Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://mcbath.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_McBath","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001208"]},{"id":"P6_M001208_ucg82l","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,960,935 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (also direct donor)","explanation":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND spent $4,960,935 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 65 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00688655","name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND","support":4960935.440000002,"oppose":0,"events":65},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY ACTION FUND INC PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00688655/"]},{"id":"P6_M001208_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,775,915 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PROTECT OUR FUTURE PAC","explanation":"PROTECT OUR FUTURE PAC spent $2,775,915 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"PROTECT OUR FUTURE PAC","support":2775915.4000000004,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P6_M001208_d0njjt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,437,789 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund (also direct donor)","explanation":"Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund spent $1,437,789 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 98 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90015025","name":"Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund","support":1437789.0199999993,"oppose":0,"events":98},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY ACTION FUND INC PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90015025/"]},{"id":"P6_M001208_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,198,690 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $1,198,690 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":1198690,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_M001208_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$414,867 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Black PAC","explanation":"Black PAC spent $414,867 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"Black PAC","support":414867.23,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P7_M001208_8shzt0","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,466,840 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,466,840 opposing this member across 339 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3466839.5100000002,"totalSupport":11541532.339999994,"events":339,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3435451.02},{"name":"Democrats Serve","oppose":26388.49}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001208_4xg1mj","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$43,490 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $43,490 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":43489.59,"oppose":0,"net":43489.59,"events":12,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":30973.89,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":12325.76,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":189.94,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001208_ikqt85","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $222,426 / spent $195,978","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00691352","cmteName":"MOTHER ON A MISSION (MOM PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":5000,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00691352","cmteName":"MOTHER ON A MISSION (MOM PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":16300,"totalDisbursements":255,"cashOnHand":16045},{"cmteId":"C00691352","cmteName":"MOTHER ON A MISSION (MOM PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":65617,"totalDisbursements":68131.6,"cashOnHand":13530.37},{"cmteId":"C00691352","cmteName":"MOTHER ON A MISSION (MOM PAC)","year":"2024","totalReceipts":88171.7,"totalDisbursements":86414.1,"cashOnHand":15287.93},{"cmteId":"C00691352","cmteName":"MOTHER ON A MISSION (MOM PAC)","year":"2026","totalReceipts":47337.5,"totalDisbursements":36177.4,"cashOnHand":26448.03}],"totalRaised":222426.2,"totalSpent":195978.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001208_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19379 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $4,012,736 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 19379× NOT EMPLOYED = $4,012,736; 3369× SELF EMPLOYED = $1,435,570. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":19379,"total":4012736,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2028"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":3369,"total":1435570,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001208_rjpkfz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,855 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $70,855 across 56 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,297.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00672295","date":"2021-03-31","amount":70855,"count":56,"baseline":10297,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00672295/"]},{"id":"P15_M001208_jsd2k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,585 donation spike on 2024-03-08 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-08 this committee recorded $64,585 across 62 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,705.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00672295","date":"2024-03-08","amount":64585,"count":62,"baseline":5705,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00672295/"]},{"id":"P15_M001208_rjrhej","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,914 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $55,914 across 96 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,401.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00672295","date":"2021-06-30","amount":55914,"count":96,"baseline":7401,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00672295/"]},{"id":"P19_M001208_tsaiii","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lucy McBath campaign paid $9,768,149 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: DERBY H WATKINS","explanation":"Lucy McBath's campaign paid 99 disbursements totaling $9,768,149 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DERBY H WATKINS","total":7226218.769999999,"count":72,"samples":[{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":361365.98,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":347098.82,"date":"2019-11-06","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":326266.06,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS, DERBY H","total":1275586.5999999999,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY H","amount":410330,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY H","amount":363508.92,"date":"2016-09-19","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY H","amount":76172.28,"date":"2016-08-04","description":"PRINTING AND DESIGN SERVICES","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS, DERBY","total":769245.1,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY","amount":195192,"date":"2008-12-11","description":"JFC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY","amount":100086.44,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY","amount":75877.8,"date":"2008-10-15","description":"CONSULTING -MAIL MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DERBY H. WATKINS","total":383758.02,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DERBY H. WATKINS","amount":183518.34,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H. WATKINS","amount":74546.98,"date":"2020-05-28","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H. WATKINS","amount":63193.76,"date":"2004-11-04","description":"COPYWRITING","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DERBY H WATKINS, DERBY H","total":63340.3,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS, DERBY H","amount":63340.3,"date":"2015-06-26","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS, DERBY H.","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY H.","amount":50000,"date":"2008-05-02","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"derby","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DERBY%20H%20WATKINS"]},{"id":"P36_M001208","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 23 total findings","explanation":"Lucy McBath has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":23,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001208","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $125,000","explanation":"Lucy McBath received campaign contributions totaling $125,000 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DELTA AIR LINES ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":125000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"DELTA AIR LINES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"DELTA AIR LINES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001208","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $64,585 on 2024-03-08 (11.3× normal)","explanation":"Lucy McBath's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $64,585 on 2024-03-08 — 11.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":64585,"maxRatio":11.3,"maxAmount":64585},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-08","amount":64585,"ratio":11.3,"baselineDaily":5705,"count":62,"cmteId":"C00672295","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00672295&min_date=2024-03-08&max_date=2024-03-08"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00672295/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00672295&min_date=2024-03-08&max_date=2024-03-08"]},{"id":"P78_M001208","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 26 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lucy McBath appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 26 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (10); ie support concentration (5); daily donation spike (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":26,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001208","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001208","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lucy McBath's PAC funding concentrates 53% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Lucy McBath's PAC donors concentrate 53% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":53.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8GA06393/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_M001208","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lucy McBath triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Lucy McBath accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":13}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"H001090":[{"id":"P2_H001090_up88zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"END CITIZENS UNITED gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Josh Harder serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Finance, Defense) and received $5,000 from END CITIZENS UNITED, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"END CITIZENS UNITED","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Education and Labor","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Finance","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Harder","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001090","http://harder.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-josh-harder-receives-first-committee-assignment-will-serve-house-education"]},{"id":"P2_H001090_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Josh Harder serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Finance, Defense) and received $5,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Education and Labor","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Finance","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Harder","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001090","http://harder.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-josh-harder-receives-first-committee-assignment-will-serve-house-education"]},{"id":"P2_H001090_3exomc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISO gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Josh Harder serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Finance, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Education and Labor","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Finance","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Harder","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001090","http://harder.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-josh-harder-receives-first-committee-assignment-will-serve-house-education"]},{"id":"P2_H001090_5j2dhu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDU gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Josh Harder serves on committees regulating Education (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Finance, Defense) and received $5,000 from THE NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Education and Labor","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Finance","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Harder","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001090","http://harder.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-josh-harder-receives-first-committee-assignment-will-serve-house-education"]},{"id":"P2_H001090_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Josh Harder serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Finance, Defense) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Education and Labor","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Finance","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Harder","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001090","http://harder.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-josh-harder-receives-first-committee-assignment-will-serve-house-education"]},{"id":"P7_H001090_d4x0g8","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,022,900 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,022,900 opposing this member across 504 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3022899.91,"totalSupport":1009447.9599999987,"events":504,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":2923968.59},{"name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND POLITICAL ACTION","oppose":98238.70000000001},{"name":"United We Dream Action PAC","oppose":692.62}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001090_ryte68","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$154,294 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $154,294 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":154294.34000000003,"oppose":0,"net":154294.34000000003,"events":41,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":117478.18,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":21431.25,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005962","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION UNITED HEALTHCARE WORKERS WEST","support":10108.82,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":4317.28,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":820.9,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001090_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27417 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $7,895,616 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 27417× NOT EMPLOYED = $7,895,616; 6238× SELF EMPLOYED = $2,455,567. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":27417,"total":7895616,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":6238,"total":2455567,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001090_6m5uzp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,631 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $95,631 across 166 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,666.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00639146","date":"2019-09-30","amount":95631,"count":166,"baseline":12666,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00639146/"]},{"id":"P15_H001090_6m7ryx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,524 donation spike on 2019-06-28 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-28 this committee recorded $92,524 across 97 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,716.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00639146","date":"2019-06-28","amount":92524,"count":97,"baseline":10716,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00639146/"]},{"id":"P15_H001090_yixm6x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,197 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $73,197 across 85 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,410.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00639146","date":"2025-06-30","amount":73197,"count":85,"baseline":9410,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00639146/"]},{"id":"P15_H001090_yizj5i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,913 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $58,913 across 97 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,473.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00639146","date":"2025-09-30","amount":58913,"count":97,"baseline":8473,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00639146/"]},{"id":"P15_H001090_6lqjb0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,324 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $56,324 across 106 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,788.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00639146","date":"2019-12-31","amount":56324,"count":106,"baseline":8788,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00639146/"]},{"id":"P19_H001090_fcjmga","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Harder campaign paid $398,764 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Josh Harder's campaign paid 79 disbursements totaling $398,764 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","total":4203,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","amount":4203,"date":"2006-12-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P35_H001090_tx4jcz","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"United We Dream Action PAC both supported ($8,493) and opposed ($693) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Josh Harder advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00754671","name":"United We Dream Action PAC","support":8492.9,"oppose":692.62,"events":49}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754671/"]},{"id":"P36_H001090","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Josh Harder has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_H001090_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Josh Harder sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P58_H001090","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$154K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 76% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Josh Harder received $154,294.34 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($117,478.18 = 76%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":154294.34000000003,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2018":31733.98,"2020":9063.92,"2022":73413.63,"2024":73181.95},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":117478.18,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":21431.25,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005392/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005962","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION UNITED HEALTHCARE WORKERS WEST","support":10108.82,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005962/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":4317.28,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":820.9,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_H001090","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $45,000","explanation":"Josh Harder received campaign contributions totaling $45,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: END CITIZENS UNITED ($5,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($5,000); SAN JOAQUIN RIVER EXCHANGE CONTRACTORS WATER AUTHO ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($5,000); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":45000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"END CITIZENS UNITED","ldaClient":"END CITIZENS UNITED","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EXCHANGE CONTRACTORS PAC","ldaClient":"SAN JOAQUIN RIVER EXCHANGE CONTRACTORS WATER AUTHORITY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_H001090","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Josh Harder appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (5); daily donation spike (5); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001090","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_H001090","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Josh Harder's PAC funding concentrates 46% in Finance ($0.18M / $0.39M classified)","explanation":"Josh Harder's PAC donors concentrate 46% in the Finance industry — $0.18M of $0.39M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.18M · Technology $0.17M · Labor $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.18,"totalPacAmountM":0.39,"concentrationPct":46.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.18,"Technology":0.17,"Labor":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA10126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"E000294":[{"id":"P2_E000294_6z9no5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS gave $740,233 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Tom Emmer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $740,233 from EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","total":740233.43,"count":7,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000294","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Emmer","https://legisletter.org/legislator/tom-emmer-E000294/committees"]},{"id":"P9_E000294_8ao7s7","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$12,677 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $12,677 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":12676.779999999999,"oppose":0,"net":12676.779999999999,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":11154.8,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004361","name":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS ","support":945.64,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":576.34,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_E000294_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"43509 employees of NONE gave $2,226,251 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 43509× NONE = $2,226,251. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":43509,"total":2226251,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_E000294_vll8r7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,901 donation spike on 2024-09-17 — 18.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-17 this committee recorded $87,901 across 62 contributions — 18.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,746.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545749","date":"2024-09-17","amount":87901,"count":62,"baseline":4746,"ratio":18.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545749/"]},{"id":"P19_E000294_y4k4nb","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Emmer campaign paid $3,244,271 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","explanation":"Tom Emmer's campaign paid 50 disbursements totaling $3,244,271 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","total":3016151.8199999994,"count":43,"samples":[{"payee":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","amount":247800,"date":"2024-03-27","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM CRAIG DUCHOSSOIS","surnameMatched":"emmer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","amount":200000,"date":"2025-03-31","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM CRAIG DUCHOSSOIS","surnameMatched":"emmer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","amount":120000,"date":"2026-02-11","description":"PAC CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"emmer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOUSLEY, KARIN","total":224119.19,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"HOUSLEY, KARIN","amount":150000,"date":"2018-10-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"housley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HOUSLEY, KARIN","amount":30000,"date":"2018-10-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"housley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HOUSLEY, KARIN","amount":18721.36,"date":"2018-10-10","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"housley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOUSLEY, MORGAN","total":4000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOUSLEY, MORGAN","amount":4000,"date":"2020-10-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"housley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=EMMER%20MAJORITY%20BUILDERS"]},{"id":"P25_E000294_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of PAC dollars ($2,863,810) come from Party industry","explanation":"Tom Emmer receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":2863810.39,"share":60.3,"totalPAC":4747244.720000001,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":2863810.39,"share":60.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":1143200.9,"share":24.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":740233.43,"share":15.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_E000294","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Tom Emmer has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_E000294","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $87,901 on 2024-09-17 (18.5× normal)","explanation":"Tom Emmer's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $87,901 on 2024-09-17 — 18.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":87901,"maxRatio":18.5,"maxAmount":87901},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-09-17","amount":87901,"ratio":18.5,"baselineDaily":4746,"count":62,"cmteId":"C00545749","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00545749&min_date=2024-09-17&max_date=2024-09-17"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545749/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00545749&min_date=2024-09-17&max_date=2024-09-17"]},{"id":"P90_E000294","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Emmer's campaign paid $3,016,152 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS ($3,016,152)","explanation":"Tom Emmer's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 43 payments totaling $3,016,152 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS ($3,016,152 across 43 payments, services: EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM CRAIG DUCHOSSOIS · PAC CONTRIBUTION · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JAMES STANARD). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":3016151.8199999994,"paymentCount":43,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","total":3016151.8199999994,"count":43,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM CRAIG DUCHOSSOIS","PAC CONTRIBUTION","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JAMES STANARD"]}],"surname":"emmer"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MN06087&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_E000294","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Emmer named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($54.6M total receipts) — top: EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","explanation":"Tom Emmer appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $54.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS (C00859058, $29.1M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":54.56,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00859058","name":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","receipts":29130397.05,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859058/"},{"committeeId":"C00573444","name":"EMMER VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":13948696.91,"treasurer":"PAUL KILGORE","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573444/"},{"committeeId":"C00836403","name":"TEAM EMMER","receipts":11479541.41,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836403/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859058/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00859058/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_E000294","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Emmer ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.9M across 14 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Tom Emmer's FEC-bulk record shows $19.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 14 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $59.8M (PAC: $19.9M, individual: $21.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":59.8,"lifetimeIndividualM":21.63,"cycleCount":14,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H4MN06087"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MN06087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_E000294","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Emmer draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.9M PAC / $59.8M total)","explanation":"Tom Emmer's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.9M of $59.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":59.8,"pacSharePct":33.3,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4MN06087"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MN06087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_E000294","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Emmer's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($0.74M / $0.74M classified)","explanation":"Tom Emmer's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $0.74M of $0.74M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.74M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.74,"totalPacAmountM":0.74,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.74}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MN06087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"C001130":[{"id":"P2_C001130_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $102,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology) and received $102,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":102000,"count":26,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["http://crockett.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-jasmine-crockett/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmine_Crockett"]},{"id":"P2_C001130_p590ud","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["http://crockett.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-jasmine-crockett/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasmine_Crockett"]},{"id":"P6_C001130_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,529,074 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PROTECT OUR FUTURE PAC","explanation":"PROTECT OUR FUTURE PAC spent $2,529,074 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"PROTECT OUR FUTURE PAC","support":2529073.7699999996,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P6_C001130_titzm1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,576,390 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Web3 Forward","explanation":"Web3 Forward spent $1,576,390 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804187","name":"Web3 Forward","support":1576390,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804187/"]},{"id":"P6_C001130_t07k3n","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$500,024 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FORWARD TEXAS","explanation":"FORWARD TEXAS spent $500,024 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00930099","name":"FORWARD TEXAS","support":500023.94,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00930099/"]},{"id":"P6_C001130_tx378g","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$270,016 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Texas Organizing Project PAC","explanation":"Texas Organizing Project PAC spent $270,016 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 39 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00756940","name":"Texas Organizing Project PAC","support":270015.93999999994,"oppose":0,"events":39}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756940/"]},{"id":"P6_C001130_tx59b4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$255,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BLACK VOTERS MATTER ACTION PAC","explanation":"BLACK VOTERS MATTER ACTION PAC spent $255,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00753277","name":"BLACK VOTERS MATTER ACTION PAC","support":255000,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00753277/"]},{"id":"P7_C001130_qx8m1c","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,475,994 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,475,994 opposing this member across 95 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4475994.0600000005,"totalSupport":5238301.43,"events":95,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Lone Star Rising PAC","oppose":4475994.0600000005}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001130_6hudmc","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $184,232 / spent $161,748","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00829655","cmteName":"FUELING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS EVERYWHERE (FIRE) PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":15000,"totalDisbursements":592.5,"cashOnHand":14407.5},{"cmteId":"C00829655","cmteName":"FUELING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS EVERYWHERE (FIRE) PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":134232,"totalDisbursements":115421.7,"cashOnHand":33217.85},{"cmteId":"C00829655","cmteName":"FUELING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS EVERYWHERE (FIRE) PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":35000,"totalDisbursements":45733.7,"cashOnHand":22484.15}],"totalRaised":184232,"totalSpent":161747.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001130_lue3c6","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"96% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $138,200 in itemized individual contributions, $132,000 (96%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":138200,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":0,"$500-$999":500,"$1000-$1999":5700,"$2000 and over":132000},"megaShare":95.5,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001130_tc77ht","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jasmine Crockett campaign paid $428,968 to 36 surname-matched vendors, top: CROCKETT  PRODUCTIONS,INC","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett's campaign paid 84 disbursements totaling $428,968 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CROCKETT  PRODUCTIONS,INC","total":207955.12,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CROCKETT  PRODUCTIONS,INC","amount":117438,"date":"2006-08-10","description":"VIDEO PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CROCKETT  PRODUCTIONS,INC","amount":55591,"date":"2006-08-18","description":"GENERIC AD","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CROCKETT  PRODUCTIONS,INC","amount":20000,"date":"2006-08-03","description":"VIDEO PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CROCKETT, DANIEL","total":35800,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CROCKETT, DANIEL","amount":30000,"date":"2024-06-20","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CROCKETT, DANIEL","amount":2900,"date":"2022-05-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CROCKETT, DANIEL","amount":2900,"date":"2022-08-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CROCKETT, SCOT","total":32156.11,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"CROCKETT, SCOT","amount":5156.11,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CROCKETT, SCOT","amount":5000,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CROCKETT, SCOT","amount":5000,"date":"2024-09-12","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CROCKETT DATA SERVICES, INC.","total":24282,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CROCKETT DATA SERVICES, INC.","amount":10506,"date":"2006-06-27","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CROCKETT DATA SERVICES, INC.","amount":5000,"date":"2006-05-26","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CROCKETT DATA SERVICES, INC.","amount":3641,"date":"2006-07-27","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CROCKETT POLICY INSTITUTE","total":20000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CROCKETT POLICY INSTITUTE","amount":10000,"date":"2013-07-23","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CROCKETT POLICY INSTITUTE","amount":10000,"date":"2011-09-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CROCKETT, SCOTT","total":9400,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CROCKETT, SCOTT","amount":4400,"date":"2019-11-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CROCKETT, SCOTT","amount":2900,"date":"2022-10-07","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CROCKETT, SCOTT","amount":2100,"date":"2024-04-04","description":"GENERAL ELECTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crockett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CROCKETT%20%20PRODUCTIONS"]},{"id":"P36_C001130","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_C001130_MAIN_STREET_MEDIA_GROUP","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP $21.4M — vendor also donated $10,000","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett's campaign committee paid $21,376,035.89 to MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $10,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 2137.6× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP","total":21376035.89,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP"},{"source":"donor","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL, STATE & LOCAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. MAIN STREET BANKERS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRUIST%20FINANCIAL%20CORPORATION%20FEDERAL%2C%20STATE%20%26%20LOCAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(FORMERLY%20SUNTRUST%20BANKS%2C%20INC.%20MAIN%20STREET%20BANKERS%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRUIST%20FINANCIAL%20CORPORATION%20FEDERAL%2C%20STATE%20%26%20LOCAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(FORMERLY%20SUNTRUST%20BANKS%2C%20INC.%20MAIN%20STREET%20BANKERS%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P61_C001130","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $107,605.75","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett received campaign contributions totaling $107,605.75 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($14,205.75); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); JOHN MATTHEWS ($9,900); CARDINAL HEALTH, INC. ($8,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":107605.75,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":14205.75,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MATTHEWS, JOHN","ldaClient":"JOHN MATTHEWS","donorTotal":9900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CARDINAL HEALTH, INC.","donorTotal":8500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001130","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jasmine Crockett's campaign paid $58,068 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: CROCKETT, SCOT ($30,156)","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 9 payments totaling $58,068 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CROCKETT, SCOT ($30,156 across 6 payments, services: MEDIA CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":58067.86,"paymentCount":9,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CROCKETT, SCOT","total":30156.11,"count":6,"descriptions":["MEDIA CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CROCKETT POLICY INSTITUTE","total":20000,"count":2,"descriptions":["DONATION","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"CROCKETT DATA SERVICES","total":7911.75,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING EXPENSE"]}],"surname":"crockett"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2TX30178&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_C001130","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jasmine Crockett's PAC funding concentrates 61% in Technology ($0.11M / $0.18M classified)","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett's PAC donors concentrate 61% in the Technology industry — $0.11M of $0.18M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.11M · Healthcare $0.02M · Agriculture $0.02M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.11,"totalPacAmountM":0.18,"concentrationPct":60.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.11,"Healthcare":0.02,"Agriculture":0.02,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX30178/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_C001130","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jasmine Crockett triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 11 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jasmine Crockett accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 11 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":11}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"D000629":[{"id":"P2_D000629_1b3jhh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_qdz0e3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INT'L ASSOC OF SHEET METAL AIR RAIL & TR gave $9,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $9,000 from INT'L ASSOC OF SHEET METAL AIR RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS (SMART) POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INT'L ASSOC OF SHEET METAL AIR RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS (SMART) POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $8,300 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $8,300 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":8300,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_ecc05d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_6b89rr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SECURITY BENEFIT CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from SECURITY BENEFIT CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (SBG INC PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SECURITY BENEFIT CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (SBG INC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_whjrhb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KANSAS FARM BUREAU VOTERS ORG/ELECT FARM gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from KANSAS FARM BUREAU VOTERS ORG/ELECT FARM BUREAU FRIENDS FUND (KS FARM BUR VOTE FBF FUND), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KANSAS FARM BUREAU VOTERS ORG/ELECT FARM BUREAU FRIENDS FUND (KS FARM BUR VOTE FBF FUND)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_jes71","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BLACKROCK PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BLACKROCK PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_bcsvhy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_2cqmp2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF USA INC PA gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF USA INC PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF USA INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_4id4m1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"T-MOBILE US, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from T-MOBILE US, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (T-PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"T-MOBILE US, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (T-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_4kmqmo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GARMIN INTERNATIONAL INC POLITICAL ACTIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from GARMIN INTERNATIONAL INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GARMIN INTERNATIONAL INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_j57y29","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES PAC (SYNCP gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES PAC (SYNCPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES PAC (SYNCPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P2_D000629_q666xl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sharice Davids serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["http://davids.house.gov/media/press-releases/davids-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://davids.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/sharice-davids-24/"]},{"id":"P6_D000629_tw3lw7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,207,407 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Shield PAC","explanation":"Shield PAC spent $1,207,407 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00770149","name":"Shield PAC","support":1207407,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770149/"]},{"id":"P6_D000629_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$905,588 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $905,588 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":905587.8300000001,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P6_D000629_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$631,011 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $631,011 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":631010.96,"oppose":0,"events":7},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOC OF LETTER CARRIERS OF USA POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_D000629_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$629,946 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $629,946 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":629946,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P9_D000629_zfkzkb","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,855 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $53,855 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":54021.149999999994,"oppose":166.13,"net":53855.02,"events":22,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":51502.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":2322.45,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":196.28,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":166.13,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_D000629_j6ma5a","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $274,494 / spent $203,431","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00724443","cmteName":"SUNFLOWER SEEDS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":107140,"totalDisbursements":104171,"cashOnHand":2968.98},{"cmteId":"C00724443","cmteName":"SUNFLOWER SEEDS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":167353.6,"totalDisbursements":99259.5,"cashOnHand":71063.08}],"totalRaised":274493.6,"totalSpent":203430.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_D000629_lugis7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"88% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 3%)","explanation":"Of $134,827 in itemized individual contributions, $119,000 (88%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":134827,"buckets":{"$200 and under":4669,"$200.01-$499":2708,"$500-$999":1500,"$1000-$1999":6950,"$2000 and over":119000},"megaShare":88.3,"smallDonorShare":3.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000629_azu6z2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sharice Davids campaign paid $419,981 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Sharice Davids's campaign paid 81 disbursements totaling $419,981 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RADNOR HOTEL THE ST DAVIDS","total":10871.46,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RADNOR HOTEL THE ST DAVIDS","amount":10871.46,"date":"2008-10-29","description":"TRAVEL/LODGING","surnameMatched":"davids","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVIDS PENNANTS, BANNERS & GRAPHIC SIGN","total":10345.23,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVIDS PENNANTS, BANNERS & GRAPHIC SIGN","amount":10345.23,"date":"2011-11-17","description":"-CAMPAIGN SIGNS & STAKES","surnameMatched":"davids","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","total":4203,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","amount":4203,"date":"2006-12-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P36_D000629","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Sharice Davids has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_D000629_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Sharice Davids sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_D000629_Southwest_Airlines_Pilots_Asso_118346","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Southwest Airlines Pilots Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Sharice Davids sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-06-04 held a hearing titled \"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"\". The witness Captain Jody Reven (Southwest Airlines Pilots Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"118346","title":"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"","date":"2025-06-04T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jody Reven","witnessOrg":"Southwest Airlines Pilots Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346"},{"source":"donor","name":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC (SWAPA PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TX","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SOUTHWEST%20AIRLINES%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(SWAPA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SOUTHWEST%20AIRLINES%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(SWAPA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000629_Aircraft_Owners_and_Pilots_Ass_118346","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Sharice Davids sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-06-04 held a hearing titled \"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"\". The witness Mr. Darren Pleasance (Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"118346","title":"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"","date":"2025-06-04T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Darren Pleasance","witnessOrg":"Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346"},{"source":"donor","name":"NETJETS ASSOC OF SHARED AIRCRAFT PILOTS PAC (NJASAP PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"OH","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NETJETS%20ASSOC%20OF%20SHARED%20AIRCRAFT%20PILOTS%20PAC%20(NJASAP%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NETJETS%20ASSOC%20OF%20SHARED%20AIRCRAFT%20PILOTS%20PAC%20(NJASAP%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000629_The_Home_Depot_117768","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sharice Davids sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-01-15 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"\". The witness Ms. Sarah Galica (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117768","title":"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"","date":"2025-01-15T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Sarah Galica","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_D000629_Aircraft_Owners_and_Pilots_Ass_115435","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Sharice Davids sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Securing the Future of General Aviation\". The witness Mr. Mark Baker (Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115435","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Securing the Future of General Aviation","date":"2023-03-09T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Mark Baker","witnessOrg":"Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115435"},{"source":"donor","name":"NETJETS ASSOC OF SHARED AIRCRAFT PILOTS PAC (NJASAP PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"OH","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NETJETS%20ASSOC%20OF%20SHARED%20AIRCRAFT%20PILOTS%20PAC%20(NJASAP%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115435","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NETJETS%20ASSOC%20OF%20SHARED%20AIRCRAFT%20PILOTS%20PAC%20(NJASAP%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000629_American_Sugar_Cane_League_Nat_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Sugar Cane League National Legislative Committee testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sharice Davids sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Patrick Frischhertz (American Sugar Cane League National Legislative Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Patrick Frischhertz","witnessOrg":"American Sugar Cane League National Legislative Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF USA INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"LA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20SUGAR%20CANE%20LEAGUE%20OF%20USA%20INC%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20SUGAR%20CANE%20LEAGUE%20OF%20USA%20INC%20PAC"]},{"id":"P58_D000629","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$54K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 95% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Sharice Davids received $54,021.15 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($51,502.42 = 95%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":54021.149999999994,"oppose":166.13,"byYear":{"2020":14790.05,"2022":55289.329999999994},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":51502.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":2322.45,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":196.28,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":166.13,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_D000629","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $193,250","explanation":"Sharice Davids received campaign contributions totaling $193,250 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 31 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":193250,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOC OF LETTER CARRIERS OF USA POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC (AIPAC PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT CMTE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_D000629","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Sharice Davids appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (13); hearing witness donor (6); ie support concentration (4); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":13},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":6},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000629","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_D000629","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sharice Davids's campaign paid $21,217 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: THE RADNOR HOTEL THE ST DAVIDS ($10,871)","explanation":"Sharice Davids's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $21,217 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: THE RADNOR HOTEL THE ST DAVIDS ($10,871 across 1 payments, services: TRAVEL/LODGING). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":21216.69,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"THE RADNOR HOTEL THE ST DAVIDS","total":10871.46,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRAVEL/LODGING"]},{"payee":"DAVIDS PENNANTS, BANNERS & GRAPHIC SIGN","total":10345.23,"count":1,"descriptions":["-CAMPAIGN SIGNS & STAKES"]}],"surname":"davids"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8KS03155&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_D000629","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sharice Davids's PAC funding concentrates 30% in Labor ($0.04M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Sharice Davids's PAC donors concentrate 30% in the Labor industry — $0.04M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.04M · Technology $0.02M · Agriculture $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Finance $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":30.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.04,"Technology":0.02,"Agriculture":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8KS03155/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_D000629","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sharice Davids — DW-NOMINATE -0.26 vs KS delegation mean 0.36 (2.1σ outlier)","explanation":"Sharice Davids's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.26) is 2.1 standard deviations from the KS delegation mean (0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"KS","memberScore":-0.263,"delegationMean":0.3593076923076923,"zscore":"2.07"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"U000040":[{"id":"P2_U000040_n04nbi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMALGAMATED BANK gave $41,832 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Lauren Underwood serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $41,832 from AMALGAMATED BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":41831.53999999999,"count":10,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/U000040","https://www.naco.org/people/lauren-underwood","https://nul.org/basic-page/congresswoman-lauren-underwood"]},{"id":"P2_U000040_n4stvg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UAW - V -  CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY  gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Lauren Underwood serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $10,000 from UAW - V -  CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UAW - V -  CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/U000040","https://www.naco.org/people/lauren-underwood","https://nul.org/basic-page/congresswoman-lauren-underwood"]},{"id":"P2_U000040_sngt8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Lauren Underwood serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/U000040","https://www.naco.org/people/lauren-underwood","https://nul.org/basic-page/congresswoman-lauren-underwood"]},{"id":"P2_U000040_qswjrg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN COLLEGE FOR NURSE-MIDWIVES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Lauren Underwood serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN COLLEGE FOR NURSE-MIDWIVES PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COLLEGE FOR NURSE-MIDWIVES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Appropriations","Veterans' Affairs","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/U000040","https://www.naco.org/people/lauren-underwood","https://nul.org/basic-page/congresswoman-lauren-underwood"]},{"id":"P6_U000040_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,697,264 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $1,697,264 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":1697264.04,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_U000040_wqbfa3","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$357,200 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Association of Nurse Anesthetis (also direct donor)","explanation":"American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Separate Segregated Fund (CRNA-PAC) spent $357,200 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00173153","name":"American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Separate Segregated Fund (CRNA-PAC)","support":357200,"oppose":0,"events":13},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00173153/"]},{"id":"P6_U000040_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$264,172 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $264,172 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":264172.45,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P7_U000040_s2sxys","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $954,296 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $954,296 opposing this member across 193 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":954296.0100000001,"totalSupport":3084422.110000002,"events":193,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":911724.5700000001},{"name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","oppose":34818.8},{"name":"Restoration PAC","oppose":7752.639999999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_U000040_ycld08","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$32,883 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $32,883 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":32882.64,"oppose":0,"net":32882.64,"events":29,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":20563.33,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6748.01,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":5491.14,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":80.16,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_U000040_7qrk4t","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $548,959 / spent $452,826","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00694471","cmteName":"AMERICAN MOSAIC PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":93442,"totalDisbursements":41737.6,"cashOnHand":51704.44},{"cmteId":"C00694471","cmteName":"AMERICAN MOSAIC PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":131331,"totalDisbursements":171143.1,"cashOnHand":11892.41},{"cmteId":"C00694471","cmteName":"AMERICAN MOSAIC PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":169262,"totalDisbursements":176547.9,"cashOnHand":4606.48},{"cmteId":"C00694471","cmteName":"AMERICAN MOSAIC PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":154924.2,"totalDisbursements":63397,"cashOnHand":96133.7}],"totalRaised":548959.2,"totalSpent":452825.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_U000040_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31052 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $6,296,930 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 31052× NOT EMPLOYED = $6,296,930. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":31052,"total":6296930,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_U000040_mwd5v1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,322 donation spike on 2019-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-30 this committee recorded $69,322 across 96 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,710.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652719","date":"2019-06-30","amount":69322,"count":96,"baseline":8710,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652719/"]},{"id":"P15_U000040_i8qbbm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,475 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $57,475 across 36 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,959.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652719","date":"2025-03-31","amount":57475,"count":36,"baseline":5959,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652719/"]},{"id":"P15_U000040_ukb5d6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,664 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $53,664 across 124 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,891.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652719","date":"2021-06-30","amount":53664,"count":124,"baseline":7891,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652719/"]},{"id":"P19_U000040_eijveg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lauren Underwood campaign paid $462,931 to 8 surname-matched vendors, top: BLISS, CORWIN A MR","explanation":"Lauren Underwood's campaign paid 45 disbursements totaling $462,931 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLISS, CORWIN A MR","total":240391,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"BLISS, CORWIN A MR","amount":15391,"date":"2011-08-31","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BLISS, CORWIN A MR","amount":15000,"date":"2011-09-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BLISS, CORWIN A MR","amount":7500,"date":"2012-10-15","description":"SALARY & WAGES","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLISS DIRECT MEDIA","total":107295.33,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"BLISS DIRECT MEDIA","amount":27862.53,"date":"2006-06-23","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BLISS DIRECT MEDIA","amount":21814.2,"date":"2005-06-27","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BLISS DIRECT MEDIA","amount":14619.74,"date":"2006-07-20","description":"MAILING COST","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLISS FOR ILINOIS","total":49167.36,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BLISS FOR ILINOIS","amount":49167.36,"date":"2018-02-28","description":"FORWARD EARMARKED CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLISS, CORWIN A","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BLISS, CORWIN A","amount":20000,"date":"2017-12-27","description":"FUNDRAISING/CONSULTING-BONUS","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLISS, LISA","total":18670,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BLISS, LISA","amount":18670,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLISS, CORRY","total":13526.310000000001,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BLISS, CORRY","amount":6926.31,"date":"2017-07-17","description":"TRAVEL - SEE MEMO ENTRIES","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BLISS, CORRY","amount":6600,"date":"2008-02-01","description":"STAFF","surnameMatched":"bliss","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BLISS"]},{"id":"P36_U000040","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Lauren Underwood has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_U000040_SAVE_AMERICA","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid SAVE AMERICA $126.7M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Lauren Underwood's campaign committee paid $126,664,763.55 to SAVE AMERICA across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 25333.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"SAVE AMERICA","total":126664763.55,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA"},{"source":"donor","name":"VOTE SAVE AMERICA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P51_U000040_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $41,831.54","explanation":"Lauren Underwood's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $41,831.54 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 334.7× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":41831.53999999999,"count":10,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P61_U000040","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $130,831.54","explanation":"Lauren Underwood received campaign contributions totaling $130,831.54 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($41,831.54); AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS ($10,000); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328 ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":130831.54,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":41831.53999999999,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V -  CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_U000040","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lauren Underwood appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (4); ie support concentration (3); daily donation spike (3); circular vendor donor (2); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/U000040","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_U000040","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lauren Underwood's PAC funding concentrates 32% in Finance ($0.04M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Lauren Underwood's PAC donors concentrate 32% in the Finance industry — $0.04M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.04M · Technology $0.03M · Agriculture $0.02M · Labor $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":32,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.04,"Technology":0.03,"Agriculture":0.02,"Labor":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL14174/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"C001108":[{"id":"P2_C001108_47jchy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PO gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_lv24te","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED POSTMASTERS AND MANAGERS OF AMERI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UNITED POSTMASTERS AND MANAGERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL FUND (UPMA PAC), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED POSTMASTERS AND MANAGERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL FUND (UPMA PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_w23sb8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS  gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_fnyrnr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_9b9c5b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERVENTIONAL PAIN  gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERVENTIONAL PAIN PHYSICIAN PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERVENTIONAL PAIN PHYSICIAN PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_qvda03","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CONQUERING CANCER PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from CONQUERING CANCER PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CONQUERING CANCER PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_3exomc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISO gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_ewdpz4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_tiry5i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UPSPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Transportation (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UPSPAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UPSPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_uehp20","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_y6esrz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KENTUCKY HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from KENTUCKY HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KENTUCKY HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_1b3jhh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_nspplp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIA gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_xkwwbu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATI gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Pharma (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION - PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION - PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_5u37f2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"HUMANA INC. PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $4,000 from HUMANA INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUMANA INC. PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P2_C001108_1k1ep","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"USPS gave $4,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"James Comer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $4,000 from USPS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"USPS","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Agriculture","Oversight and Government Reform","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comer","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001108","https://legisletter.org/legislator/james-comer-C001108/committees"]},{"id":"P14_C001108_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27703 employees of RETIRED gave $1,793,861 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 27703× RETIRED = $1,793,861. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":27703,"total":1793861,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001108_9t7p5z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,500 donation spike on 2021-08-19 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-19 this committee recorded $104,500 across 54 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,509.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00588764","date":"2021-08-19","amount":104500,"count":54,"baseline":7509,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588764/"]},{"id":"P15_C001108_9t7p7h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,650 donation spike on 2021-08-31 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-31 this committee recorded $83,650 across 50 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,286.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00588764","date":"2021-08-31","amount":83650,"count":50,"baseline":11286,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588764/"]},{"id":"P15_C001108_h6rf4q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,857 donation spike on 2024-05-01 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-01 this committee recorded $74,857 across 190 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,534.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00588764","date":"2024-05-01","amount":74857,"count":190,"baseline":8534,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588764/"]},{"id":"P15_C001108_vup3n8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,723 donation spike on 2023-10-24 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-10-24 this committee recorded $73,723 across 40 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,193.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00588764","date":"2023-10-24","amount":73723,"count":40,"baseline":8193,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588764/"]},{"id":"P15_C001108_vuogoi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,043 donation spike on 2023-11-16 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-11-16 this committee recorded $71,043 across 92 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,571.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00588764","date":"2023-11-16","amount":71043,"count":92,"baseline":10571,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588764/"]},{"id":"P15_C001108_9t6f6o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,450 donation spike on 2021-06-10 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-10 this committee recorded $59,450 across 54 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,286.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00588764","date":"2021-06-10","amount":59450,"count":54,"baseline":5286,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588764/"]},{"id":"P17_C001108_PLTR_2025-01-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-15 and 2025-01-21, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on PLTR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-01-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PLTR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001108","name":"James Comer"}],"span":"2025-01-15 to 2025-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001108_PLTR_2025-01-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-01-17 and 2025-01-24, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on PLTR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-01-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PLTR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001108","name":"James Comer"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2025-01-17 to 2025-01-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001108_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member James Comer executed 20 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-07-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2025-07-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","date":"2025-07-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","date":"2025-07-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Coastal Pelagic Species Fisheries; Amendment 23 to the Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-06-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Coastal Pelagic Species Fisheries; Amendment 23 to the Coastal Pelagic Species Fishery ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-06-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001108_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member James Comer executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-01-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Private Fund Advisers; Documentation of Registered Investment Adviser Compliance Reviews","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2024-12-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001108_9xlrts","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Comer campaign paid $13,188,040 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: CDW DIRECT, LLC ATTN: CASH POSTING","explanation":"James Comer's campaign paid 74 disbursements totaling $13,188,040 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CDW DIRECT, LLC ATTN: CASH POSTING","total":7251612.57,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"CDW DIRECT, LLC ATTN: CASH POSTING","amount":1704268.4,"date":"2012-05-31","description":"COMPUTER EQUIPMENT","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CDW DIRECT, LLC ATTN: CASH POSTING","amount":1586359.77,"date":"2012-06-30","description":"COMPUTER EQUIPMENT","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CDW DIRECT, LLC ATTN: CASH POSTING","amount":1072846.96,"date":"2012-08-31","description":"COMPUTER EQUIPMENT","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASH ON HAND ADJUSTMENT","total":2577693.3200000003,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CASH ON HAND ADJUSTMENT","amount":1776107.56,"date":"2013-02-28","description":"CASH ON HAND ADJUSTMENT: SEE MEMO TEXT","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CASH ON HAND ADJUSTMENT","amount":694685.76,"date":"2022-11-28","description":"CASH ON HAND ADJUSTMENT (SEE MISCELLANEOUS FORM 99)","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CASH ON HAND ADJUSTMENT","amount":36500,"date":"2015-06-30","description":"CASH ON HAND ADJUSTMENT","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASH CORRECTION","total":938546.8600000001,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"CASH CORRECTION","amount":351443.1,"date":"2014-03-31","description":"CASH CORRECTION","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CASH CORRECTION","amount":326722.68,"date":"2013-07-31","description":"CASH CORRECTION - SEE MISCELLANEOUS FILING","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CASH CORRECTION","amount":90666.72,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"CASH CORRECTION PURSUANT TO RECONCILIATION","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASH","total":635128,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CASH","amount":635128,"date":"2017-05-21","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASH - PNC BANK","total":425000,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"CASH - PNC BANK","amount":50000,"date":"2010-05-17","description":"NON-FED GOTV-UNUSED TO BE RETND","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CASH - PNC BANK","amount":50000,"date":"2011-03-30","description":"NON-FED GOTV - UNUSED TO BE RETURNED","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CASH - PNC BANK","amount":50000,"date":"2010-10-26","description":"NON-FED GOTV - UNUSED TO BE REIMB","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTY CASH","total":413530,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTY CASH","amount":135000,"date":"2006-08-04","description":"STIPENED VOLUNTEERS","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PETTY CASH","amount":75000,"date":"2006-08-07","description":"STIPENED VOLUNTEERS","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PETTY CASH","amount":67500,"date":"2006-08-02","description":"STIPENED VOLUNTEER PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cash","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CDW%20DIRECT"]},{"id":"P20_C001108_66kxkc","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"James Comer sits on committees overseeing Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PLTR","date":"2025-01-21","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":25266115.07,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2025-01-02","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":95000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001108","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 29 total findings","explanation":"James Comer has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":29,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001108_CHDN_20250703","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CHDN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer sell $CHDN 1 day after a corporate insider (GRISSOM DOUGLAS C  (CIK 0001246240)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHDN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHDN","filer":"GRISSOM DOUGLAS C  (CIK 0001246240)","filingDate":"2025-07-02","adsh":"0000020212-25-000089","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001108_AVGO_20250703","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AVGO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer sell $AVGO 3 days after a corporate insider (DELLY GAYLA J  (CIK 0001218358)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"DELLY GAYLA J  (CIK 0001218358)","filingDate":"2025-06-30","adsh":"0001730168-25-000086","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001108_PYPL_20250102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PYPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer buy $PYPL 1 day before a corporate insider (Yeary Frank D  (CIK 0001458902)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Yeary Frank D  (CIK 0001458902)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0001633917-25-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001108_BLK_20250102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BLK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer buy $BLK 1 day before a corporate insider (Nasser Amin H.  (CIK 0001986431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Nasser Amin H.  (CIK 0001986431)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-25-000547"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001108_DOV_20250102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DOV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer buy $DOV 1 day before a corporate insider (Shiff Dov  (CIK 0001630761)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOV","filer":"Shiff Dov  (CIK 0001630761)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0001493152-25-000243"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001108_CHDN_20250102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CHDN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer buy $CHDN 1 day before a corporate insider (Bridgeman Ulysses L Jr  (CIK 0001294724)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHDN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHDN","filer":"Bridgeman Ulysses L Jr  (CIK 0001294724)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0000020212-25-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001108_MRVL_20250121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MRVL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer buy $MRVL 2 days before a corporate insider (Koopmans Chris  (CIK 0001676204)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"Koopmans Chris  (CIK 0001676204)","filingDate":"2025-01-23","adsh":"0001835632-25-000035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001108_AVGO_20250102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer buy $AVGO 4 days before a corporate insider (Kawwas Charlie B  (CIK 0001608425)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Kawwas Charlie B  (CIK 0001608425)","filingDate":"2025-01-06","adsh":"0001730168-25-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001108_VRSN_20250703","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VRSN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer sell $VRSN 6 days before a corporate insider (Indelicarto Thomas C  (CIK 0001624651)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRSN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRSN","filer":"Indelicarto Thomas C  (CIK 0001624651)","filingDate":"2025-07-09","adsh":"0001624651-25-000020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001108_NFLX_20250102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NFLX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"James Comer buy $NFLX 6 days before a corporate insider (SARANDOS THEODORE A  (CIK 0001393838)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFLX","filer":"SARANDOS THEODORE A  (CIK 0001393838)","filingDate":"2025-01-08","adsh":"0001065280-25-000027"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_C001108_National_Association_of_Letter_118527","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Association of Letter Carriers testified before House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"James Comer sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which on 2025-07-23 held a hearing titled \"“An Update on Mail Theft and Crime”\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations","eventId":"118527","title":"“An Update on Mail Theft and Crime”","date":"2025-07-23T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118527"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118527","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"]},{"id":"P47_C001108_National_Association_of_Letter_118417","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Association of Letter Carriers testified before House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"James Comer sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which on 2025-06-24 held a hearing titled \"“The Route Forward for the U.S. Postal Service: A View from Stakeholders\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations","eventId":"118417","title":"“The Route Forward for the U.S. Postal Service: A View from Stakeholders\"","date":"2025-06-24T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118417"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118417","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"]},{"id":"P47_C001108_National_Association_of_Letter_118183","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Association  of Letter Carriers testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"James Comer sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections, which on 2025-05-06 held a hearing titled \"\"FECA Reform and Oversight: Prioritizing Workers, Protecting Taxpayer Dollars\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association  of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections","eventId":"118183","title":"\"FECA Reform and Oversight: Prioritizing Workers, Protecting Taxpayer Dollars\"","date":"2025-05-06T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association  of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118183"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118183","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"]},{"id":"P49_C001108_2024-12-04_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AAPL 29 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"James Comer delivered a 2666-word floor speech on 2024-12-04 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1695) to improve the visibility, accountability, and oversight of agency software asset management practices, and for other purposes, a…\"). The member buy $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 29 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-12-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":2666,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 1695) to improve the visibility, accountability, and oversight of agency software asset management practices, and for other purposes, a","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/12/04/170/179/CREC-2024-12-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/12/04/170/179/CREC-2024-12-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_C001108_AMZN","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $AMZN — AMAZON's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"James Comer executed 1 reported trade in $AMZN (AMAZON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","parent":"AMAZON","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)","parent":"AMAZON","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON%20CORPORATE%20LLC%20SEPARATE%20SEGREGATED%20FUND%20(AMAZON%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON%20CORPORATE%20LLC%20SEPARATE%20SEGREGATED%20FUND%20(AMAZON%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_C001108_MSFT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $MSFT — MICROSOFT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"James Comer executed 1 reported trade in $MSFT (MICROSOFT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","parent":"MICROSOFT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-02"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC","parent":"MICROSOFT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_C001108","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $181,600","explanation":"James Comer received campaign contributions totaling $181,600 from 26 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 26 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); UNITED POSTMASTERS AND MANAGERS OF AMERICA ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":26,"totalDollars":181600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION","ldaClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED POSTMASTERS AND MANAGERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL FUND (UPMA PAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED POSTMASTERS AND MANAGERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001108","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $104,500 on 2021-08-19 (13.9× normal)","explanation":"James Comer's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $104,500 on 2021-08-19 — 13.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":163950,"maxRatio":13.9,"maxAmount":104500},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-08-19","amount":104500,"ratio":13.9,"baselineDaily":7509,"count":54,"cmteId":"C00588764","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00588764&min_date=2021-08-19&max_date=2021-08-19"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-10","amount":59450,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":5286,"count":54,"cmteId":"C00588764","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00588764&min_date=2021-06-10&max_date=2021-06-10"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588764/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00588764&min_date=2021-08-19&max_date=2021-08-19"]},{"id":"P65_C001108_2025-01-02","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"22 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-01-02 — 22 unique tickers","explanation":"James Comer executed 22 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-01-02 to 2025-01-02), spanning 22 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-01-02","windowEnd":"2025-01-02","tradeCount":22,"uniqueTickers":22,"totalDisclosedTrades":40,"sampleTickers":["ANET","CHDN","AAPL","BLK","HD","TTD","COST","AMZN","MSFT","NVDA"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001108","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 49 total findings across the platform","explanation":"James Comer appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 49 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (16); insider front ran trade (8); daily donation spike (6); hearing witness donor (3); coordinated trade cluster (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":49,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":16},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001108","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_C001108","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Comer triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"James Comer accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_C001108_2025-01-02","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Comer — 22 trades on 2025-01-02","explanation":"James Comer disclosed 22 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-01-02). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-01-02","count":22}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001108","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Comer — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (40/40)","explanation":"James Comer's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":40,"atBracket":40,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_C001108","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Comer — 3 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"James Comer has traded 3 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":3,"tickers":["PLTR","UBER","WORK"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"H001095":[{"id":"P2_H001095_85smy7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Wesley Hunt serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $10,000 from CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/wesley-hunt/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-wesley-hunt/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Hunt"]},{"id":"P2_H001095_ofwfen","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Wesley Hunt serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $5,000 from HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HESS PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HESS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/wesley-hunt/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-wesley-hunt/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Hunt"]},{"id":"P2_H001095_jzj01p","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Wesley Hunt serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $5,000 from MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION CO, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION CO","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/wesley-hunt/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-wesley-hunt/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Hunt"]},{"id":"P2_H001095_rk4ejd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTI gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Wesley Hunt serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $5,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/wesley-hunt/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-wesley-hunt/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Hunt"]},{"id":"P2_H001095_wlyg21","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEVON ENERGY CORP PAC (DECPAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Wesley Hunt serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $5,000 from DEVON ENERGY CORP PAC (DECPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEVON ENERGY CORP PAC (DECPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/wesley-hunt/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-wesley-hunt/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Hunt"]},{"id":"P2_H001095_x9tw8g","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL OCEAN INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (N gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Wesley Hunt serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL OCEAN INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (NOIA) POLITICAL ACTIO, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL OCEAN INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (NOIA) POLITICAL ACTIO","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/wesley-hunt/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-wesley-hunt/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Hunt"]},{"id":"P2_H001095_81wg4d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DRILLERSPAC A POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Wesley Hunt serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance) and received $5,000 from DRILLERSPAC A POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATION, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DRILLERSPAC A POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/wesley-hunt/","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-wesley-hunt/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Hunt"]},{"id":"P6_H001095_t0q206","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$930,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FIGHTING FOR TEXAS","explanation":"FIGHTING FOR TEXAS spent $930,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00922187","name":"FIGHTING FOR TEXAS","support":930000,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00922187/"]},{"id":"P6_H001095_ue6519","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$818,042 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Values First","explanation":"American Values First spent $818,042 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00654764","name":"American Values First","support":818042.2299999999,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654764/"]},{"id":"P6_H001095_ugv9ze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$551,078 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELBERT GUILLORY'S AMERICA","explanation":"ELBERT GUILLORY'S AMERICA spent $551,078 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 50 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00607374","name":"ELBERT GUILLORY'S AMERICA","support":551077.9500000001,"oppose":0,"events":50}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607374/"]},{"id":"P6_H001095_tx76zo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$492,107 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC. spent $492,107 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00750182","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","support":492107.38,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750182/"]},{"id":"P6_H001095_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$451,842 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $451,842 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 67 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":451842.01000000007,"oppose":0,"events":67}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_H001095_udjr5j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$384,664 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Patriots PAC","explanation":"American Patriots PAC spent $384,664 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00668905","name":"American Patriots PAC","support":384664,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668905/"]},{"id":"P7_H001095_bby566","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $14,470,730 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $14,470,730 opposing this member across 272 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":14470729.800000003,"totalSupport":4159662.9099999997,"events":272,"topAttackers":[{"name":"TEXANS FOR A CONSERVATIVE MAJORITY","oppose":5144212.4},{"name":"CONSERVATIVE TEXANS PAC","oppose":4841273.390000001},{"name":"LONE STAR LIBERTY PAC","oppose":3050929.24},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":884919.72},{"name":"EDF Action Votes","oppose":267212.05}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001095_7v76jl","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $6,735,091 / spent $6,701,178","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00807412","cmteName":"HELLFIRE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":451095.2,"totalDisbursements":446635.1,"cashOnHand":4460.13},{"cmteId":"C00807412","cmteName":"HELLFIRE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":4438317.9,"totalDisbursements":3655225.2,"cashOnHand":787552.86},{"cmteId":"C00807412","cmteName":"HELLFIRE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":1845677.4,"totalDisbursements":2599317.6,"cashOnHand":33912.7}],"totalRaised":6735090.5,"totalSpent":6701177.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001095_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28676 employees of RETIRED gave $2,532,248 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 28676× RETIRED = $2,532,248. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":28676,"total":2532248,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001095_u92iqs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,847 donation spike on 2020-02-05 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-05 this committee recorded $148,847 across 78 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,981.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701003","date":"2020-02-05","amount":148847,"count":78,"baseline":15981,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701003/"]},{"id":"P15_H001095_8j31a9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,225 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $75,225 across 47 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,245.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701003","date":"2019-09-30","amount":75225,"count":47,"baseline":10245,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701003/"]},{"id":"P15_H001095_u91vtq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,650 donation spike on 2020-01-31 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-01-31 this committee recorded $66,650 across 54 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,469.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701003","date":"2020-01-31","amount":66650,"count":54,"baseline":8469,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701003/"]},{"id":"P15_H001095_s8bbqa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,084 donation spike on 2024-08-06 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-06 this committee recorded $92,084 across 1055 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,581.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00807412","date":"2024-08-06","amount":92084,"count":1055,"baseline":13581,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807412/"]},{"id":"P19_H001095_o64q43","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Wesley Hunt campaign paid $22,386,426 to 98 surname-matched vendors, top: JOE SLADE WHITE","explanation":"Wesley Hunt's campaign paid 280 disbursements totaling $22,386,426 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOE SLADE WHITE","total":3671382.1399999997,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE","amount":244700.96,"date":"2010-10-20","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE","amount":221789.38,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE","amount":208000,"date":"2006-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","total":3277861.97,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":603547.77,"date":"2023-04-25","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":402936.43,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":382794.57,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WHITE HOUSE AIRLIFT OPERATIONS","total":2514048.8499999996,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"WHITE HOUSE AIRLIFT OPERATIONS","amount":1230651.89,"date":"2005-03-07","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WHITE HOUSE AIRLIFT OPERATIONS","amount":323848.64,"date":"2005-02-04","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WHITE HOUSE AIRLIFT OPERATIONS","amount":255186.2,"date":"2005-01-27","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WHITE HOUSE MILITARY OFFICE","total":1367258.95,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"WHITE HOUSE MILITARY OFFICE","amount":274043.73,"date":"2020-01-13","description":"TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WHITE HOUSE MILITARY OFFICE","amount":267653.96,"date":"2020-07-22","description":"TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WHITE HOUSE MILITARY OFFICE","amount":257778.68,"date":"2021-01-06","description":"TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOE SLADE WHITE AND COMPANY INC","total":1314481,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE AND COMPANY INC","amount":337035,"date":"2006-10-11","description":"","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE AND COMPANY INC","amount":259940,"date":"2006-10-11","description":"","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE AND COMPANY INC","amount":255156,"date":"2006-10-11","description":"","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOE SLADE WHITE & COMPANY INC.","total":1057186.35,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE & COMPANY INC.","amount":300000,"date":"2007-12-10","description":"CONSULTANT-MEDIA/STRATEGY","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE & COMPANY INC.","amount":275000,"date":"2007-12-21","description":"CONSULTANT-MEDIA/STRATEGY","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"JOE SLADE WHITE & COMPANY INC.","amount":200000,"date":"2007-08-13","description":"CONSULTANT-MEDIA/STRATEGY","surnameMatched":"white","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JOE%20SLADE%20WHITE"]},{"id":"P25_H001095_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"93% of PAC dollars ($1,930,603) come from Party industry","explanation":"Wesley Hunt receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1930602.6800000002,"share":93.1,"totalPAC":2074743.7600000002,"pacCount":22},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1930602.6800000002,"share":93.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":40000,"share":1.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":33114.25,"share":1.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":32652.71,"share":1.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_H001095_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HUNT, Wesley voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":407,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":24,"peerNay":0,"description":"Pregnant Students’ Rights Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":21,"peerNay":3,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":402,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":24,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":401,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":24,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7148) the Consolidated Appropriati"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":399,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":24,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7148) the Consolidated Appropriati"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001095","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 23 total findings","explanation":"Wesley Hunt has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":23,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_H001095","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $88,114.25","explanation":"Wesley Hunt received campaign contributions totaling $88,114.25 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($28,114.25); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000); INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA ($5,000); HARBINGER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF HESS CORPOR ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":88114.25,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":28114.25,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA INC. POLI","ldaClient":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HESS PAC)","ldaClient":"HARBINGER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF HESS CORPORATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_H001095","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 25 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Wesley Hunt appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 25 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (7); ie support concentration (6); daily donation spike (4); ie attack target (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":25,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001095","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_H001095","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Wesley Hunt named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Wesley Hunt appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Wesley Hunt","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-wesley-hunt/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Wesley Hunt","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-wesley-hunt-2/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-wesley-hunt/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-wesley-hunt-2/"]},{"id":"P109_H001095","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wesley Hunt named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.3M total receipts) — top: WESLEY HUNT VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Wesley Hunt appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: WESLEY HUNT VICTORY FUND (C00748673, $5.3M receipts, treasurer HOBBS, CABELL). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.31,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00748673","name":"WESLEY HUNT VICTORY FUND","receipts":5309461.13,"treasurer":"HOBBS, CABELL","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00748673/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00748673/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00748673/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P151_H001095","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wesley Hunt operates leadership PAC with $6.7M lifetime receipts (3 cycles) — top: HELLFIRE PAC","explanation":"Wesley Hunt operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $6.7M and disbursements of $6.7M across 3 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: HELLFIRE PAC (C00807412). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":6.74,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.7,"yearsCovered":3,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00807412","cmteName":"HELLFIRE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807412/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_H001095","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wesley Hunt's leadership PAC disbursed $6.7M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Wesley Hunt's leadership PAC disbursed $6.7M across 3 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: HELLFIRE PAC (C00807412).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.7,"yearsCovered":3,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00807412","cmteName":"HELLFIRE PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807412/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]}],"M000934":[{"id":"P2_M000934_g2792o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CNA INSURANCE gave $475,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Jerry Moran serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture) and received $475,000 from CNA INSURANCE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CNA INSURANCE","total":475000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Commerce","Senate Appropriations","House Agriculture","Senate Agriculture","House Transportation"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://www.moran.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/committee-assignments","https://www.moran.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2023/2/sen-moran-appointed-to-influential-committees-for-118th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Moran"]},{"id":"P2_M000934_toox6x","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTRUST BANK gave $10,879 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Jerry Moran serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture) and received $10,879 from INTRUST BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTRUST BANK","total":10878.849999999999,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Commerce","Senate Appropriations","House Agriculture","Senate Agriculture","House Transportation"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://www.moran.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/committee-assignments","https://www.moran.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2023/2/sen-moran-appointed-to-influential-committees-for-118th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Moran"]},{"id":"P2_M000934_l38xek","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Jerry Moran serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Commerce","Senate Appropriations","House Agriculture","Senate Agriculture","House Transportation"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://www.moran.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/committee-assignments","https://www.moran.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2023/2/sen-moran-appointed-to-influential-committees-for-118th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Moran"]},{"id":"P2_M000934_vs5t6r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SYNGENTA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jerry Moran serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from SYNGENTA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SYNGENTA CORPORATION EMPLOYEE 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In the same period they made 6 BUYS vs 5 SELLS in Pharma stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Pharma","totalVotes":2,"yesCount":2,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","buys":6,"sells":5,"netBuy":1,"total":11}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_M000934_Telecom","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom trades filed 104d late on avg — overall avg only 63d","explanation":"In Telecom (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 104.1 days — versus 63.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":7,"avgGap":104},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":105,"avgGap":63},{"source":"pac","sector":"Telecom","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_M000934_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 79d late on avg — overall avg only 63d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 79.1 days — versus 63.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":24,"avgGap":79},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":105,"avgGap":63},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M000934_vkgqjn","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$24,183 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $24,183 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":24183.33,"oppose":0,"net":24183.33,"events":19,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":14118.750000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":7712.31,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":1003.89,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70005137","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS UNION, LOCAL 400","support":1000,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":222.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M000934_ysuq2","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $467,907 / spent $445,242","explanation":"This member sponsors 11 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00378356","cmteName":"VIRGINIA LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":134050,"totalDisbursements":108142.2,"cashOnHand":65673.65},{"cmteId":"C00378356","cmteName":"VIRGINIA LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":110000,"totalDisbursements":102307.8,"cashOnHand":73365.82},{"cmteId":"C00378356","cmteName":"VIRGINIA LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":54026.5,"totalDisbursements":68146.3,"cashOnHand":59246.02},{"cmteId":"C00378356","cmteName":"VIRGINIA LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":6164.4,"totalDisbursements":12701.9,"cashOnHand":52708.6},{"cmteId":"C00378356","cmteName":"VIRGINIA LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":101.1,"totalDisbursements":4535.6,"cashOnHand":48274.03}],"totalRaised":467907.3,"totalSpent":445242}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M000934_722bh9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -12%)","explanation":"Of $4,562,987 in itemized individual contributions, $2,980,695 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4562987,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-546049,"$200.01-$499":288040,"$500-$999":651422,"$1000-$1999":1188879,"$2000 and over":2980695},"megaShare":65.3,"smallDonorShare":-12}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M000934_ne3rhj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109,810 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 14.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $109,810 across 121 contributions — 14.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,592.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458315","date":"2015-03-31","amount":109810,"count":121,"baseline":7592,"ratio":14.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458315/"]},{"id":"P15_M000934_ne7leo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,900 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $98,900 across 134 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,116.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458315","date":"2015-09-30","amount":98900,"count":134,"baseline":8116,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458315/"]},{"id":"P15_M000934_86n7ss","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,800 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 13.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $77,800 across 80 contributions — 13.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,913.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458315","date":"2022-09-30","amount":77800,"count":80,"baseline":5913,"ratio":13.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458315/"]},{"id":"P15_M000934_8q8mvc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,850 donation spike on 2014-12-31 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-12-31 this committee recorded $72,850 across 58 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,148.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458315","date":"2014-12-31","amount":72850,"count":58,"baseline":6148,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458315/"]},{"id":"P15_M000934_neln3h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,600 donation spike on 2015-10-22 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-10-22 this committee recorded $57,600 across 91 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,560.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458315","date":"2015-10-22","amount":57600,"count":91,"baseline":9560,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458315/"]},{"id":"P18_M000934_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jerry Moran executed 17 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-05-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands; Final 2025 and 2026 Harvest Specif","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-08-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Radio Broadcasting Services; Koloa, Hawaii and Waimea, Hawaii","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M000934_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jerry Moran executed 11 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2021-12-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Rules Regarding Delegation of Authority","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2023-11-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Rules Regarding Delegation of Authority","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2023-11-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M000934_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jerry Moran executed 7 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2021-12-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2021-12-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; CY 2024 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Pa","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2023-11-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; CY 2024 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Pa","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2023-11-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M000934_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jerry Moran executed 9 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAL","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2021-12-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-11-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M000934_dn6y4u","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Moran campaign paid $14,110,109 to 44 surname-matched vendors, top: MORAN FOR KANSAS","explanation":"Jerry Moran's campaign paid 225 disbursements totaling $14,110,109 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","total":5375334.300000003,"count":54,"samples":[{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","amount":2407213.64,"date":"2008-11-24","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","amount":277457.64,"date":"2021-10-20","description":"TRANSFER: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS, GROSS CONTRIBUTIONS $340,550.00","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","amount":183248.28,"date":"2023-12-01","description":"TRANSFER: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS, OVERALL GROSS CONTRIBUTIONS $254,550.00","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","total":2290000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","amount":2290000,"date":"2022-05-18","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN & BLAINE","total":1298569.47,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":303910.75,"date":"2024-02-28","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":202249.81,"date":"2024-02-08","description":"PRINTING SERVICES, ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":180810,"date":"2024-02-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOTTSCHALK & CO., CPA'S, LLC","total":692619.6700000003,"count":73,"samples":[{"payee":"GOTTSCHALK & CO., CPA'S, LLC","amount":44956,"date":"2021-11-30","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"gottschalk","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GOTTSCHALK & CO., CPA'S, LLC","amount":40184.5,"date":"2022-05-02","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"gottschalk","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GOTTSCHALK & CO., CPA'S, LLC","amount":25388.5,"date":"2021-11-30","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"gottschalk","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURNS, MARTIN","total":660000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":435000,"date":"2014-02-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":225000,"date":"2016-04-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORAN FOR KANSAS INC","total":380590.88,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS INC","amount":69909.9,"date":"2021-09-29","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTH CMTEE OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS INC","amount":55458.95,"date":"2021-12-28","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTH CMTEE OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS INC","amount":49404.25,"date":"2021-06-30","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTH CMTEE OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MORAN%20FOR%20KANSAS"]},{"id":"P20_M000934_gq39t0","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Jerry Moran sits on committees overseeing Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-12-14","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M000934_Telecom","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom BUYs filed 104d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Telecom (4 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":7,"avgGap":104,"buys":4,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":105,"avgGap":63}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_M000934_2fi1yw","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 2 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Jerry Moran's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK PAC","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, P.C.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK PAC","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P29_M000934_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with KS R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MORAN, Jerry voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To eliminate funding for refugee and entrant assistance."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M000934","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"26% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 137 disclosed trades, 36 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.8× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":36,"total":137,"rate":26.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":3.83}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_M000934","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Jerry Moran sits on committees regulating Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture and actively trades in Technology, Telecom, Healthcare, Finance. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Agriculture"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":27},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":7},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":10},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":24}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M000934","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Telecom)","explanation":"Jerry Moran has findings in 15 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":15,"totalFindings":45,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Telecom","patternTypesConverged":["P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_M000934_DVA_20220101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in DVA 11 days before FTC action","explanation":"Jerry Moran sold DVA within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-01-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Imposing Strict Limits on Future Mergers by Dialysis Service Provider DaVita, Inc.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/01/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-strict-limits-future-mergers-dialysis-service-provider-davita-inc"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DVA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/01/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-strict-limits-future-mergers-dialysis-service-provider-davita-inc"]},{"id":"P40_M000934_ABBV_20200901","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in ABBV 11 days before FTC action","explanation":"Jerry Moran sold ABBV within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2020-09-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Imposing Conditions on AbbVie Inc.’s Acquisition of Allergan plc","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/09/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-abbvie-incs-acquisition-allergan-plc"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/09/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-abbvie-incs-acquisition-allergan-plc"]},{"id":"P42_M000934_KR_20211221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $KR 1 day after a corporate insider (Venkataraman Swaminathan  (CIK 0001746127)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Venkataraman Swaminathan  (CIK 0001746127)","filingDate":"2021-12-20","adsh":"0001664703-21-000198","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M000934_USB_20211221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $USB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $USB 1 day after a corporate insider (WIEHOFF JOHN  (CIK 0001241113)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"WIEHOFF JOHN  (CIK 0001241113)","filingDate":"2021-12-20","adsh":"0001225208-21-015140","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M000934_BK_20231214","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $BK 1 day after a corporate insider (John Brian  (CIK 0001534699)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BK","filer":"John Brian  (CIK 0001534699)","filingDate":"2023-12-13","adsh":"0001493152-23-044714","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M000934_CSCO_20231214","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CSCO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $CSCO 2 days after a corporate insider (GARRETT MARK  (CIK 0001246215)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"GARRETT MARK  (CIK 0001246215)","filingDate":"2023-12-12","adsh":"0001209191-23-058433","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M000934_KR_20200821","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran buy $KR 2 days after a corporate insider (DOERR L JOHN  (CIK 0001032455)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"DOERR L JOHN  (CIK 0001032455)","filingDate":"2020-08-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-047655","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M000934_PII_20231214","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PII 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $PII 3 days after a corporate insider (Pucel Kenneth  (CIK 0001312691)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PII","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PII","filer":"Pucel Kenneth  (CIK 0001312691)","filingDate":"2023-12-11","adsh":"0001628280-23-041257","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M000934_PFE_20211221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PFE 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran buy $PFE 5 days after a corporate insider (JOHNSON RADY A  (CIK 0001594762)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"JOHNSON RADY A  (CIK 0001594762)","filingDate":"2021-12-16","adsh":"0001225208-21-015080","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M000934_BK_20211221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BK 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran buy $BK 5 days after a corporate insider (Kovler Benjamin  (CIK 0001803392)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BK","filer":"Kovler Benjamin  (CIK 0001803392)","filingDate":"2021-12-16","adsh":"0001415889-21-006034","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_KR_20231214","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $KR 1 day before a corporate insider (Reynolds Kevin  (CIK 0001708638)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Reynolds Kevin  (CIK 0001708638)","filingDate":"2023-12-15","adsh":"0001104659-23-126393"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_KR_20211221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $KR 1 day before a corporate insider (Massa Timothy A  (CIK 0001608128)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Massa Timothy A  (CIK 0001608128)","filingDate":"2021-12-22","adsh":"0001209191-21-070884"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_AAPL_20200821","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $AAPL 3 days before a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2020-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-20-000064"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_USB_20231214","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $USB 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $USB 4 days before a corporate insider (Wine Scott W.  (CIK 0001442049)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"Wine Scott W.  (CIK 0001442049)","filingDate":"2023-12-18","adsh":"0001225208-23-011230"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_V_20200821","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $V 5 days before a corporate insider (Benchmark Capital Management Co. V, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001511025)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Benchmark Capital Management Co. V, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001511025)","filingDate":"2020-08-26","adsh":"0001104659-20-098844"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_KR_20200821","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KR 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran buy $KR 5 days before a corporate insider (Sridhar KR  (CIK 0001746277)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Sridhar KR  (CIK 0001746277)","filingDate":"2020-08-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-048472"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_VZ_20200401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran buy $VZ 5 days before a corporate insider (Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)","filingDate":"2020-04-06","adsh":"0001611593-20-000106"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_HAL_20200310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HAL 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran buy $HAL 7 days before a corporate insider (Hoose Harold F III  (CIK 0001321738)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HAL","filer":"Hoose Harold F III  (CIK 0001321738)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001437749-20-005453"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_GOOG_20211221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran sell $GOOG 8 days before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2021-12-29","adsh":"0001209191-21-071471"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M000934_XOM_20200310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $XOM 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jerry Moran buy $XOM 9 days before a corporate insider (Swiger Andrew P  (CIK 0001376719)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Swiger Andrew P  (CIK 0001376719)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011408"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P45_M000934","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15% of stock trades (20 of 137) in major federal contractors — top: CVS ($41B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Jerry Moran concentrated 15% of their stock-trading activity (20 of 137 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $166B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"CVS","totalContracts":40572588812.29001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":5},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BAC","totalContracts":13084623839.920002,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":5},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"COST","totalContracts":50204183515.10999,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":5},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"DIS","totalContracts":53807975218.79,"agency":"Department of Energy","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"META","totalContracts":8290566275.999999,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":1},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":20,"totalStockTrades":137,"concentrationPct":15,"distinctContractors":5,"topExposure":165959937662.11002}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_M000934_KO","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $KO — COCA-COLA's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Jerry Moran executed 2 reported trades in $KO (COCA-COLA). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"HEARTLAND COCA-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY EMPLOYEE PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","parent":"COCA-COLA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"HEARTLAND COCA-COLA BOTTLING COMPANY EMPLOYEE PAC","parent":"COCA-COLA","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HEARTLAND%20COCA-COLA%20BOTTLING%20COMPANY%20EMPLOYEE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HEARTLAND%20COCA-COLA%20BOTTLING%20COMPANY%20EMPLOYEE%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_CVX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $CVX — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $CVX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $CVX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVX","assetName":"CVX - Chevron Corporation Common Stock","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVX","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_XOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $XOM — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $XOM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $XOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XOM","assetName":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation Common Stock","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XOM","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_HAL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $HAL — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $HAL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $HAL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HAL","assetName":"HAL - Halliburton Company Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HAL","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_OXY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $OXY — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $OXY on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $OXY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"OXY","assetName":"OXY - Occidental Petroleum Corporation Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"OXY","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_GOOG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $GOOG — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $GOOG on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $GOOG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GOOG","assetName":"GOOG - Alphabet Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GOOG","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_AMZN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $AMZN — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $AMZN on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AMZN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMZN","assetName":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMZN","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_BAC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $BAC — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $BAC on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $BAC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BAC","assetName":"BAC - Bank of America Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BAC","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $CVS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Health Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_DVA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $DVA — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $DVA on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $DVA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DVA","assetName":"DVA - DaVita Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DVA","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_FB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $FB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $FB on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $FB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FB","assetName":"FB - Meta Platforms, Inc. - Class A Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FB","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_INTC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $INTC — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $INTC on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $INTC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"INTC","assetName":"INTC - Intel Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"INTC","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_JNJ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $JNJ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $JNJ on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $JNJ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JNJ","assetName":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JNJ","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_USB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $USB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $USB on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $USB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"USB","assetName":"USB - U.S. Bancorp","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"USB","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_VZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $VZ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $VZ on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $VZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VZ","assetName":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VZ","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_KR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $KR — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $KR on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $KR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KR","assetName":"KR - The Kroger Co.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KR","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_BK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $BK — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $BK on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $BK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BK","assetName":"BK - The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation Common Sto","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BK","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_CI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $CI — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $CI on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $CI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CI","assetName":"CI - Cigna Corporation Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CI","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_PFE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $PFE — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $PFE on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $PFE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PFE","assetName":"PFE - Pfizer, Inc. Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PFE","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-14"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b8b4899-b615-438e-b683-89d579f69ac1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_COST","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $COST — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $COST on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $COST per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"COST","assetName":"COST - Costco Wholesale Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c755c6e7-0322-4805-9a12-287e94b35b93/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"COST","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-27"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c755c6e7-0322-4805-9a12-287e94b35b93/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_GILD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $GILD — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $GILD on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $GILD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GILD","assetName":"GILD - Gilead Sciences, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c755c6e7-0322-4805-9a12-287e94b35b93/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GILD","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c755c6e7-0322-4805-9a12-287e94b35b93/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_DIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $DIS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $DIS on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $DIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DIS","assetName":"DIS - The Walt Disney Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2381d35e-c878-4aa8-b774-d794150726bd/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DIS","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2381d35e-c878-4aa8-b774-d794150726bd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_JPM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $JPM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $JPM on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $JPM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JPM","assetName":"JPM - JPMorgan Chase & Co.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2381d35e-c878-4aa8-b774-d794150726bd/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JPM","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2381d35e-c878-4aa8-b774-d794150726bd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_WFC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $WFC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed an asset position in $WFC on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $WFC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WFC","assetName":"WFC - Wells Fargo & Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2381d35e-c878-4aa8-b774-d794150726bd/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WFC","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-25"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2381d35e-c878-4aa8-b774-d794150726bd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_M000934_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 2 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ)","explanation":"Jerry Moran discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS, JNJ) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_M000934_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (BA)","explanation":"Jerry Moran discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_M000934_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 5 Energy stocks (CVX, XOM, OXY, SLB, WMB)","explanation":"Jerry Moran discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX, XOM, OXY, SLB, WMB) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","XOM","OXY","SLB","WMB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_M000934","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $234,000","explanation":"Jerry Moran received campaign contributions totaling $234,000 from 38 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 38 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($15,000); MANAGEMENT & TRAINING CORPORATION ($10,000); VISTRA CORPORATE SERVICES COMPANY F/K/A VISTRA ENE ($10,000); COMMERCE BANK ($10,000); NATIONAL BUSINESS AVIATION ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":38,"totalDollars":234000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MANAGEMENT & TRAINING CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"MANAGEMENT & TRAINING CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VISTRA EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF VISTRA CORP.","ldaClient":"VISTRA CORPORATE SERVICES COMPANY F/K/A VISTRA ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE PAC","ldaClient":"COMMERCE BANK","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BUSINESS AVIATION ASSOCIATION INC PAC (NBAA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BUSINESS AVIATION ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M000934","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $109,810 on 2015-03-31 (14.5× normal)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $109,810 on 2015-03-31 — 14.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":359360,"maxRatio":14.5,"maxAmount":109810},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-03-31","amount":109810,"ratio":14.5,"baselineDaily":7592,"count":121,"cmteId":"C00458315","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458315&min_date=2015-03-31&max_date=2015-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-09-30","amount":98900,"ratio":12.2,"baselineDaily":8116,"count":134,"cmteId":"C00458315","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458315&min_date=2015-09-30&max_date=2015-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-09-30","amount":77800,"ratio":13.2,"baselineDaily":5913,"count":80,"cmteId":"C00458315","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458315&min_date=2022-09-30&max_date=2022-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-12-31","amount":72850,"ratio":11.8,"baselineDaily":6148,"count":58,"cmteId":"C00458315","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458315&min_date=2014-12-31&max_date=2014-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458315/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458315&min_date=2015-03-31&max_date=2015-03-31"]},{"id":"P63_M000934","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 83 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Jerry Moran's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 83 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): CGDG, CGDV, DFIV, DFAT, DFEV, DFSV, VGSH, DXJ, AMRFX, ICAFX, DBLSX, CGXU, DUHP, VYM, VYMI, … (68 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":83,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["CGDG","CGDV","DFIV","DFAT","DFEV","DFSV","VGSH","DXJ","AMRFX","ICAFX","DBLSX","CGXU","DUHP","VYM","VYMI","FRSXX","DISVX","DFSVX","AVT","BA","CVX","XOM","HAL","OXY","PG"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_M000934_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Jerry Moran's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Healthcare stocks — CVS, JNJ — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2975e2e6-de33-4bde-b5fe-dc4f259e21cb/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2975e2e6-de33-4bde-b5fe-dc4f259e21cb/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_M000934_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (BA) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Jerry Moran's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — BA — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/54599fbf-395f-4d23-b700-f21687c57da0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/54599fbf-395f-4d23-b700-f21687c57da0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_M000934_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 6 Energy stocks (CVX, XOM, OXY, SLB, WMB, MPC) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Jerry Moran's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 6 Energy stocks — CVX, XOM, OXY, SLB, WMB, MPC — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","XOM","OXY","SLB","WMB","MPC"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/54599fbf-395f-4d23-b700-f21687c57da0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/54599fbf-395f-4d23-b700-f21687c57da0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_M000934_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Finance stocks (BAC, JPM, WFC) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Jerry Moran's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Finance stocks — BAC, JPM, WFC — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["BAC","JPM","WFC"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2975e2e6-de33-4bde-b5fe-dc4f259e21cb/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2975e2e6-de33-4bde-b5fe-dc4f259e21cb/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_M000934_2023-12-14","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"24 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-12-14 — 24 unique tickers","explanation":"Jerry Moran executed 24 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-12-14 to 2023-12-14), spanning 24 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-12-14","windowEnd":"2023-12-14","tradeCount":24,"uniqueTickers":24,"totalDisclosedTrades":137,"sampleTickers":["CMCSA","META","CI","INTC","DVA","KMB","KR","AMZN","CVS","PII"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P67_M000934_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sponsored 4 Healthcare bills AND holds 2 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ)","explanation":"Jerry Moran has sponsored 4 bills affecting the Healthcare sector AND simultaneously holds 2 publicly-traded Healthcare stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (CVS, JNJ). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: HR 3103 (2025-01-02), HR 3806 (2025-08-14), HR 4901 (2026-03-23), HRES 663 (2025-12-04).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Healthcare","count":4,"sample":[{"key":"111_HR_3103","title":"To revise certain requirements relating to the Department of Veterans Affairs pilot program of enhan","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3103"},{"key":"111_HR_3806","title":"Enhanced Rural Health Care Extension Act of 2009","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3806"},{"key":"111_HR_4901","title":"To repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.","introducedDate":"2026-03-23","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4901"},{"key":"111_HRES_663","title":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that any savings under the Medicare Program sho","introducedDate":"2025-12-04","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/663"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ"],"totalCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_M000934","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at Fort Hays State University Foundation Hays, KS","explanation":"Jerry Moran's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at Fort Hays State University Foundation Hays, KS (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 1987 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Fort Hays State University Foundation Hays, KS","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_M000934_2019","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 26 new ticker holdings in 2019 not present in prior PFD filings — including ABBV, ALL, GOOG, AAPL, BAC, COST","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 26 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: ABBV, ALL, GOOG, AAPL, BAC, COST, CVS, DVA, DIS, GIS, JPM, MSFT.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2019,"count":26,"newTickers":["ABBV","ALL","GOOG","AAPL","BAC","COST","CVS","DVA","DIS","GIS","JPM","MSFT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2975e2e6-de33-4bde-b5fe-dc4f259e21cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2975e2e6-de33-4bde-b5fe-dc4f259e21cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_M000934","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 4 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: Japan","explanation":"Jerry Moran's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 4 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Japan. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Japan → DXJ - WisdomTree Japan Hedged Equity Fund ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":4,"countries":["Japan"],"byCountry":{"Japan":[{"assetName":"DXJ - WisdomTree Japan Hedged Equity Fund","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"assetName":"DXJ - WisdomTree Japan Hedged Equity Fund","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"assetName":"DXJ - WisdomTree Japan Hedged Equity Fund","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"assetName":"DXJ - WisdomTree Japan Hedged Equity Fund","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M000934","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 32 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 120 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jerry Moran appears in 32 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 120 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 32 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (37); committee pac conflict (23); insider front ran trade (10); insider followed trade (8); daily donation spike (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":32,"totalFindings":120,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":37},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":23},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":2},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M000934","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 25 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including GOOG, AMZN, AAPL, BAC, CVS, DVA","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 25 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: GOOG, AMZN, AAPL, BAC, CVS, DVA, FB, INTC, JNJ, MSFT, USB, VZ.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":25,"divestedTickers":["GOOG","AMZN","AAPL","BAC","CVS","DVA","FB","INTC","JNJ","MSFT","USB","VZ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Hanston Insurance Agency Company: Hanston Insurance Agency (Hays, KS) Descriptio…","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Hanston Insurance Agency Company: Hanston Insurance Agency (.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Hanston Insurance Agency Company: Hanston Insurance Agency (Hays, KS) Description: Bank Holding Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_M000934_2016","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran filed 2 amendments to the 2016 Senate annual disclosure — 6 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Jerry Moran's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2016 report alone, with 6 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2016,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":6,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7716318d-47b1-4c95-a80b-89861c0bf58f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/530c7e09-d000-4da2-8116-4aab489d1b90/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7716318d-47b1-4c95-a80b-89861c0bf58f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/530c7e09-d000-4da2-8116-4aab489d1b90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Moran's 2025 PFD: 62 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (58% of 107 reported assets)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 62 reported holdings owned by Spouse (42), Joint (20), or Dependent (0) — 58% of 107 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Astra Bank (Plainville, KS) Type: Money Market Account · Joint: Bank of Hays (Hays, KS) Type: Checking · Joint: Landmark Bank (Manhattan, KS) Type: Savings · Joint: Bank of Hays (Hays, KS) Type: Checking.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":42,"Joint":20,"Dependent":0,"Self":44},"totalAssets":107,"familyShare":0.579,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Astra Bank (Plainville, KS) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of Hays (Hays, KS) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Landmark Bank (Manhattan, KS) Type: Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of Hays (Hays, KS) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of Hays (Hays, KS) Type: Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_M000934","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Moran's campaign paid $1,004,632 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: MORAN FOR KANSAS ($708,506)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $1,004,632 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MORAN FOR KANSAS ($708,506 across 16 payments, services: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS · EARMARKED DONATIONS). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1004631.8299999998,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","total":708505.8299999998,"count":16,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","EARMARKED DONATIONS"]},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR BRIAN MORAN","total":175000,"count":4,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MORAN, MATTHEW","total":53700,"count":2,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MORAN GRAPHICS","total":27426,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRINTING"]},{"payee":"MORAN, MAGGIE","total":20000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"moran"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0KS00091&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P102_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Trustee · Fort Hays State University","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Trustee · Fort Hays State University.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Trustee","entity":"Fort Hays State University Foundation Hays, KS","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 1987 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P106_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Moran holds 5 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — TMUS ($15.1M), BA ($13.1M), OXY ($12.8M)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $61.4M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: TMUS ($15.1M, 89 filings) · BA ($13.1M, 49 filings) · OXY ($12.8M, 24 filings) · CVX ($11.1M, 26 filings) · XOM ($9.4M, 31 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":5,"totalLobbyAcrossM":61.44,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TMUS","totalLobby":15084000,"recordCount":89,"topClient":"T-MOBILE USA INC."},{"ticker":"BA","totalLobby":13050000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"BOEING"},{"ticker":"OXY","totalLobby":12810000,"recordCount":24,"topClient":"OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"CVX","totalLobby":11130000,"recordCount":26,"topClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP"},{"ticker":"XOM","totalLobby":9370000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran holds 2 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — BA (4,364), TMUS (1,240)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 5,604 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: BA (4,364 patents) · TMUS (1,240 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalPatents":5604,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","patentCount":4364,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"TMUS","patentCount":1240,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P110_M000934","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerry Moran's PFD net worth grew 3.3× in 11 years — 2014 $0.89M → 2025 $2.90M (CAGR 11.4%)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.89M in 2014 to $2.90M in 2025 — a 3.3× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 11.4%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":0.89,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":2.9,"growthFactor":3.27,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":11.37,"filingCount":16,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/54599fbf-395f-4d23-b700-f21687c57da0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/54599fbf-395f-4d23-b700-f21687c57da0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P111_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P111_SPONSORED_SECTOR_BILL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran sponsored sector-aligned bills × holds matching PFD tickers in 1 sector — top: energy (3 bills, CVX, XOM, HAL)","explanation":"Jerry Moran has sponsored ≥3 bills in 1 non-generic sector AND simultaneously holds ≥3 stock tickers per their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure that map to the same sector. The sector-aligned-sponsorship + sector-aligned-portfolio combination is a clean conflict signal — every bill the senator pushes that affects these sectors moves their personal balance sheet through stock-price effects. Bill classification uses the Officium AI taxonomy (tax / finance / healthcare / pharma / defense / energy / transportation / tech / crypto / housing / agriculture); ticker-to-sector mapping uses the ~150-company classification we use across the platform. Aligned sectors: energy (sponsored 3 bills · holds CVX, XOM, HAL, OXY).","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_sector_holding","year":"2025","alignedCount":1,"aligned":[{"kind":"energy","sponsoredCount":3,"sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","XOM","HAL","OXY","SLB","WMB"]}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/member/jerry-moran/M000934"]},{"id":"P115_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — BA","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: BA ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","asset":"BA - Boeing Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P119_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2025 PFD — TMUS","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: TMUS ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TMUS","asset":"TMUS - T-Mobile US, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P122_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P122_PFD_AIRLINES_HOLDING_AVIATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran holds 1 airline / aerospace ticker on 2025 PFD — BA","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in airlines, aerospace, or aviation suppliers (Delta DAL, American AAL, United UAL, Southwest LUV, Alaska ALK, JetBlue JBLU, plus Boeing BA, eVTOL Joby JOBY, Archer ACHR). Airline mergers (JetBlue / Spirit, Alaska / Hawaiian) require DOT and DOJ approval; FAA reauthorization includes pilot training rules, ATC funding, and consumer-protection mandates. Holdings: BA ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_airlines_aviation","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","asset":"BA - Boeing Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAviationCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.faa.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerry Moran holds 6 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — CVX, XOM, HAL, OXY, SLB","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 6 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: CVX ($15,001 - $50,000) · XOM ($100,001 - $250,000) · HAL ($1,001 - $15,000) · OXY ($1,001 - $15,000) · SLB ($1,001 - $15,000) · WMB ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CVX","asset":"CVX - Chevron Corporation Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","asset":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"HAL","asset":"HAL - Halliburton Company Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"OXY","asset":"OXY - Occidental Petroleum Corporation Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SLB","asset":"SLB - Schlumberger N.V. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WMB","asset":"WMB - Williams Companies, Inc. (The) Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P130_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Moran's 2025 PFD: 67% of 9 classified ticker holdings in Energy (6/9)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows ticker-holding concentration in a single sector — 6 of 9 classified holdings (67%) are in Energy. Concentration is the inverse of diversification: when a senator's portfolio leans this heavily toward one industry, every regulatory decision affecting that industry has outsized impact on their personal balance sheet. The senator's wealth tracks Energy-sector beta directly — federal-policy shocks to Energy (taxes, regulations, antitrust enforcement, subsidies, sanctions) move their net worth more than they would for a diversified portfolio. Sector breakdown: Energy (6) · Defense (1) · Staples (1) · Telecom (1).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sector_concentration","year":"2025","totalClassified":9,"sectorCounts":{"Energy":6,"Defense":1,"Staples":1,"Telecom":1},"topSector":"Energy","concentration":0.667,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_M000934","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.0M PAC / $47.7M total)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.0M of $47.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.02,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.69,"pacSharePct":35.7,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"S0KS00091"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0KS00091/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_M000934","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Moran executed 9 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL GOOG (13d apart)","explanation":"Jerry Moran has 9 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL GOOG 2018-12-06 → 2018-12-19 (13d) · BUY→SELL BRK.B 2020-08-21 → 2020-08-21 (0d) · BUY→SELL XOM 2018-12-06 → 2018-12-19 (13d) · BUY→SELL RDS.B 2018-12-06 → 2018-12-19 (13d) · BUY→SELL WFC 2018-12-06 → 2018-12-19 (13d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":9,"samples":[{"ticker":"GOOG","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-21","date2":"2020-08-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RDS.B","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WFC","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LM09.SG","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GS","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M000934","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Moran triggers 25 HIGH-severity findings across 50 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jerry Moran accumulates 25 HIGH-severity findings across 50 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":25,"distinctDetectorTypes":50}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M000934","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Moran triggers 51 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Jerry Moran accumulates findings across 51 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 51 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":51,"sampleDetectors":["P2","P3","P4","P9","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P20","P21","P26","P29","P32","P33","P36","P40","P42","P43","P45","P52","P53","P54","P61","P62","P63","P64","P65","P67","P70"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_M000934","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.5M combined receipts)","explanation":"Jerry Moran operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.5M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: VIRGINIA LEADERSHIP PAC (C00378356) · FIRST IN TEXAS PAC (C00812586).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.47,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00378356","cmteName":"VIRGINIA LEADERSHIP PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00812586","cmteName":"FIRST IN TEXAS PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00378356/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00812586/"]},{"id":"P157_M000934","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 765 sponsored, 3,815 cosponsored","explanation":"Jerry Moran's congress.gov record shows 765 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":765,"cosponsoredCount":3815,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/jerry-moran/M000934","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P167_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $2.9M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $2.9M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":2897561.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_KS_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"KS delegation: Jerry Moran & Roger Marshall both flagged on 26 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from KS — Jerry Moran and Roger Marshall — are flagged on the same 26 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P3, P9, P10, P11, P15, P18, P19, P21.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"KS","otherSenatorBid":"M001198","otherSenatorName":"Roger Marshall","sharedDetectorCount":26,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P3","P9","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P21","P29","P32","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P61"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000934","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001198"]},{"id":"P178_M000934_2023-12-14","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerry Moran — 24 trades on 2023-12-14","explanation":"Jerry Moran disclosed 24 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-12-14). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-12-14","count":24}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M000934","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerry Moran — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (137/137)","explanation":"Jerry Moran's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":137,"atBracket":137,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M000934","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran — 47 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Jerry Moran has traded 47 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":47,"sample":["GOOG","BRK.B","CMCSA","META","CI","INTC","DVA","KMB","KR","AMZN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M000934_BRK.B","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran — 11 disclosed trades in single ticker BRK.B","explanation":"Jerry Moran traded BRK.B on 11 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the BRK.B trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"BRK.B","count":11}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M000934_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Moran — 84 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Jerry Moran's 2025 Senate PFD shows 84 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":84,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7beda471-6954-4a89-a1d8-9919afb1a571/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_M000934_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+12 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Jerry Moran accumulated 37 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 12 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 12 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":12,"totalRaw":37,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":12}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000934"]}],"B001299":[{"id":"P2_B001299_k1qlij","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Banks serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $5,000 from LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.banks.senate.gov/about/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Banks","https://www.banks.senate.gov/about/committees/"]},{"id":"P2_B001299_hurmsg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMM gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Banks serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $5,000 from THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.banks.senate.gov/about/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Banks","https://www.banks.senate.gov/about/committees/"]},{"id":"P2_B001299_cpben3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Banks serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $5,000 from BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.banks.senate.gov/about/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Banks","https://www.banks.senate.gov/about/committees/"]},{"id":"P6_B001299_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,009,467 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $3,009,467 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":3009467.09,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_B001299_thqdnw","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$705,327 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Leadership PAC","explanation":"American Leadership PAC spent $705,327 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00824292","name":"American Leadership PAC","support":705326.61,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00824292/"]},{"id":"P6_B001299_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$293,613 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $293,613 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":293613.32,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P9_B001299_425uf0","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$14,415 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $14,415 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":14415.04,"oppose":0,"net":14415.04,"events":4,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13366,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1049.04,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001299_7ifh4s","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $101,287 / spent $101,287","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00650267","cmteName":"BUILDING A NATIONAL KNOWLEGEABLE SECURITY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":26547,"totalDisbursements":20146.7,"cashOnHand":6400.33},{"cmteId":"C00650267","cmteName":"BUILDING A NATIONAL KNOWLEGEABLE SECURITY PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":74740,"totalDisbursements":37048.2,"cashOnHand":44092.18},{"cmteId":"C00650267","cmteName":"BUILDING A NATIONAL KNOWLEGEABLE SECURITY PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":44092.2,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":101287,"totalSpent":101287.09999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001299_crj678","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,709 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $79,709 across 77 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,905.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00577999","date":"2023-06-30","amount":79709,"count":77,"baseline":11905,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00577999/"]},{"id":"P15_B001299_cs0etn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,265 donation spike on 2023-12-21 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-21 this committee recorded $64,265 across 39 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,452.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00577999","date":"2023-12-21","amount":64265,"count":39,"baseline":7452,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00577999/"]},{"id":"P18_B001299_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jim Banks executed 14 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","date":"2023-06-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","date":"2021-11-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","date":"2021-11-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","date":"2021-11-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; West Coast Salmon Fisheries; 2023 Specifications and Management Measures","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-05-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 610 in the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-10-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001299_cmb7lu","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Banks campaign paid $1,548,256 to 27 surname-matched vendors, top: SELLARS, HINSHAW, AYERS, DORTCH & LYON","explanation":"Jim Banks's campaign paid 54 disbursements totaling $1,548,256 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SELLARS, HINSHAW, AYERS, DORTCH & LYONS","total":817130.79,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SELLARS, HINSHAW, AYERS, DORTCH & LYONS","amount":817130.79,"date":"2012-08-17","description":"CAROLINAFEST EVENT PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LYONS PUBLIC RELATIONS, LLC","total":161883.86,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"LYONS PUBLIC RELATIONS, LLC","amount":43215.42,"date":"2020-02-28","description":"MEDIA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"LYONS PUBLIC RELATIONS, LLC","amount":40668.44,"date":"2020-02-26","description":"MEDIA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"LYONS PUBLIC RELATIONS, LLC","amount":35500,"date":"2020-02-14","description":"MEDIA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LYONS PUBLIC RELATIONS LLC","total":135308.87,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"LYONS PUBLIC RELATIONS LLC","amount":42626.46,"date":"2020-01-27","description":"DIGITAL MEDIA TOUR SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"LYONS PUBLIC RELATIONS LLC","amount":29823.41,"date":"2020-01-06","description":"DIGITAL MEDIA TOUR SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"LYONS PUBLIC RELATIONS LLC","amount":23859,"date":"2019-12-16","description":"DIGITAL MEDIA TOUR SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LYONS, CHARLES","total":107569.46,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"LYONS, CHARLES","amount":15000,"date":"2024-01-30","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LYONS, CHARLES","amount":15000,"date":"2023-12-05","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LYONS, CHARLES","amount":15000,"date":"2023-12-22","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ACKER-LYONS, ALEXANDRA","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ACKER-LYONS, ALEXANDRA","amount":100000,"date":"2024-04-18","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROTHGERBER JOHNSON & LYONS LLP","total":43020.65,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"ROTHGERBER JOHNSON & LYONS LLP","amount":14086.5,"date":"2010-11-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"ROTHGERBER JOHNSON & LYONS LLP","amount":13558.82,"date":"2006-11-06","description":"LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ROTHGERBER JOHNSON & LYONS LLP","amount":5257,"date":"2007-05-02","description":"LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"lyons","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SELLARS"]},{"id":"P27_B001299_17r347","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"DAVIS KEITH A\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00875542","name":"2024 SENATORS CLASSIC COMMITTEE","treasurer":"DAVIS KEITH A"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00837435","name":"2024 REPUBLICAN SENATE VICTORY","treasurer":"DAVIS KEITH A"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00837070","name":"2023 SENATORS CLASSIC COMMITTEE","treasurer":"DAVIS KEITH A"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001299_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BANKS, James E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To eliminate funding for refugee and entrant assistance."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001299","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Jim Banks has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_B001299_PTON_20230609","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PTON 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $PTON 1 day after a corporate insider (Hoag Jay C  (CIK 0001082906)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PTON","filer":"Hoag Jay C  (CIK 0001082906)","filingDate":"2023-06-08","adsh":"0001062993-23-013162","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001299_RBLX_20211119","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RBLX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $RBLX 2 days after a corporate insider (Messing Barbara  (CIK 0001615151)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBLX","filer":"Messing Barbara  (CIK 0001615151)","filingDate":"2021-11-17","adsh":"0001315098-21-000051","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001299_KR_20200903","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $KR 3 days after a corporate insider (DOERR L JOHN  (CIK 0001032455)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"DOERR L JOHN  (CIK 0001032455)","filingDate":"2020-08-31","adsh":"0001209191-20-048860","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001299_RBLX_20210830","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RBLX 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $RBLX 5 days after a corporate insider (Sturman Daniel  (CIK 0001835042)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBLX","filer":"Sturman Daniel  (CIK 0001835042)","filingDate":"2021-08-25","adsh":"0001209191-21-053404","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_KR_20210405","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $KR 2 days before a corporate insider (Sridhar KR  (CIK 0001746277)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"Sridhar KR  (CIK 0001746277)","filingDate":"2021-04-07","adsh":"0001209191-21-025969"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_PTON_20211115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PTON 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $PTON 2 days before a corporate insider (Cortese Thomas  (CIK 0001788276)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PTON","filer":"Cortese Thomas  (CIK 0001788276)","filingDate":"2021-11-17","adsh":"0001639825-21-000335"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_KR_20200828","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KR 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $KR 3 days before a corporate insider (DOERR L JOHN  (CIK 0001032455)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"DOERR L JOHN  (CIK 0001032455)","filingDate":"2020-08-31","adsh":"0001209191-20-048860"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_RBLX_20211119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RBLX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $RBLX 3 days before a corporate insider (Messing Barbara  (CIK 0001615151)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBLX","filer":"Messing Barbara  (CIK 0001615151)","filingDate":"2021-11-22","adsh":"0001315098-21-000055"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_F_20210830","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $F 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $F 4 days before a corporate insider (PESSIN NORMAN H  (CIK 0000923666)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"PESSIN NORMAN H  (CIK 0000923666)","filingDate":"2021-09-03","adsh":"0001140361-21-030354"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_F_20200903","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $F 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks sell $F 6 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0001771364-20-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_F_20210928","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $F 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks sell $F 7 days before a corporate insider (PESSIN NORMAN H  (CIK 0000923666)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"PESSIN NORMAN H  (CIK 0000923666)","filingDate":"2021-10-05","adsh":"0001140361-21-033626"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_SBUX_20200327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SBUX 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks buy $SBUX 7 days before a corporate insider (ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013258"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_RBLX_20211026","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RBLX 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks sell $RBLX 7 days before a corporate insider (Donato Craig  (CIK 0001834992)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBLX","filer":"Donato Craig  (CIK 0001834992)","filingDate":"2021-11-02","adsh":"0001315098-21-000024"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001299_RBLX_20211109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RBLX 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jim Banks sell $RBLX 8 days before a corporate insider (Messing Barbara  (CIK 0001615151)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBLX","filer":"Messing Barbara  (CIK 0001615151)","filingDate":"2021-11-17","adsh":"0001315098-21-000051"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_B001299_RBLX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"10 trades in $RBLX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jim Banks disclosed an asset position in $RBLX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 10 reported trades in $RBLX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RBLX","assetName":"Roblox Corporation Class A (RBLX)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RBLX","tradeCount":10,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001299_PTON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $PTON — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jim Banks disclosed an asset position in $PTON on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $PTON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PTON","assetName":"Peloton Interactive, Inc. (PTON)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PTON","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-12"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001299_PASO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $PASO — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jim Banks disclosed an asset position in $PASO on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $PASO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PASO","assetName":"Patient Access Solutions Inc. (PASO) Filer comment: Tax-deferred","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PASO","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001299_YUM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $YUM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jim Banks disclosed an asset position in $YUM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $YUM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"YUM","assetName":"YUM - Yum! Brands, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"YUM","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-02-18"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_B001299","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $60,000","explanation":"Jim Banks received campaign contributions totaling $60,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA ($10,000); LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION ($5,000); BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC ($5,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($5,000); AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":60000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. PAC (INSURPAC)","ldaClient":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC PAC (BLACKROCK PAC)","ldaClient":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION PAC (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P69_B001299","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $1.1M in personal liabilities (33% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Jim Banks's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,125,001 in personal liabilities against $3,398,010.5 in assets — a 33.1% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.1M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1125001,"totalAssetMid":3398010.5,"leverageRatio":33.1,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2020 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.875% (30 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Dovenmuehle Lake Zurich, IL · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2024 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 6.293% (30 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Newrez Fort Washington, PA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001299","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 35 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jim Banks appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 35 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (10); insider followed trade (4); senate pfd holding trade (4); committee pac conflict (3); ie support concentration (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":35,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001299","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P83_B001299_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Banks discloses 9 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 9 unascertainable, 33% of 27 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Jim Banks's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 9 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 9 unascertainable) across 27 total reported assets — 33% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Grace Schools IRA (--) · Schwab IRA (--) · Roth IRA (--) · IRA (--) · INPRS Legislators' Defined Contribution Fund (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":9,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":9,"totalAssets":27,"opaqueRatio":0.333,"samples":[{"asset":"Grace Schools IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Schwab IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"INPRS Legislators' Defined Contribution Fund","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_B001299_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Banks's 2025 PFD: 20 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (71% of 28 reported assets)","explanation":"Jim Banks's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 20 reported holdings owned by Spouse (10), Joint (10), or Dependent (0) — 71% of 28 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Grace Schools IRA · Spouse: Grace Schools IRA - Money Market Company: Grace Schools (Winona Lake, IN) Descri · Spouse: ReliaStar Life Insurance Provider: ReliaStar Life Insurance Company · Joint: Roblox Corporation Class A (RBLX).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":10,"Joint":10,"Dependent":0,"Self":7},"totalAssets":28,"familyShare":0.714,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Grace Schools IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Grace Schools IRA - Money Market Company: Grace Schools (Winona Lake, IN) Descri","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"ReliaStar Life Insurance Provider: ReliaStar Life Insurance Company","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Roblox Corporation Class A (RBLX)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Peloton Interactive, Inc. (PTON)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_B001299_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Banks's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Jim Banks's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Rental property Description: Rental property in Falls Church (Falls Church, VA)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_B001299_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Banks holds 1 ticker on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — RBLX ($1.5M)","explanation":"Jim Banks's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $1.5M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: RBLX ($1.5M, 8 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":1.55,"holdings":[{"ticker":"RBLX","totalLobby":1546749,"recordCount":8,"topClient":"ROBLOX CORPORATION"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48db1810-e330-4152-bbcb-d5496928ac2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P109_B001299","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Banks named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($2.5M total receipts) — top: TEAM BANKS","explanation":"Jim Banks appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $2.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM BANKS (C00902486, $1.3M receipts, treasurer MARTIN, STEVE). Active years: 1, first seen 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":2.51,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00902486","name":"TEAM BANKS","receipts":1274558.66,"treasurer":"MARTIN, STEVE","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00902486/"},{"committeeId":"C00734913","name":"BANKS VICTORY FUND","receipts":1231892.18,"treasurer":"MARTIN, STEVEN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00734913/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00902486/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00902486/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P141_B001299","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Banks executed 22 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY RBLX (5d apart)","explanation":"Jim Banks has 22 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY RBLX 2021-08-25 → 2021-08-30 (5d) · BUY→SELL RBLX 2021-08-30 → 2021-09-09 (10d) · SELL→BUY RBLX 2021-09-09 → 2021-09-13 (4d) · BUY→SELL RBLX 2021-09-30 → 2021-10-26 (26d) · SELL→BUY RBLX 2021-10-26 → 2021-11-02 (7d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":22,"samples":[{"ticker":"RBLX","days":5,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-08-25","date2":"2021-08-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RBLX","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-08-30","date2":"2021-09-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RBLX","days":4,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-09-09","date2":"2021-09-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RBLX","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-09-30","date2":"2021-10-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"RBLX","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-10-26","date2":"2021-11-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"RBLX","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-02","date2":"2021-11-09","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RBLX","days":10,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-11-09","date2":"2021-11-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"F","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-26","date2":"2020-08-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_B001299","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Banks's PAC funding concentrates 48% in Finance ($0.45M / $0.94M classified)","explanation":"Jim Banks's PAC donors concentrate 48% in the Finance industry — $0.45M of $0.94M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.45M · Agriculture $0.37M · Labor $0.07M · Defense $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.45,"totalPacAmountM":0.94,"concentrationPct":47.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.45,"Agriculture":0.37,"Labor":0.07,"Defense":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4IN00196/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P172_IN_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IN delegation: Jim Banks & Todd Young both flagged on 9 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from IN — Jim Banks and Todd Young — are flagged on the same 9 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P10, P15, P29, P36, P61, P109.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"IN","otherSenatorBid":"Y000064","otherSenatorName":"Todd Young","sharedDetectorCount":9,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P10","P15","P29","P36","P61","P109","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001299","https://www.officium.vote/profile/Y000064"]},{"id":"P179_B001299","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Banks — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (49/49)","explanation":"Jim Banks's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":49,"atBracket":49,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_B001299_RBLX","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Banks — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker RBLX","explanation":"Jim Banks traded RBLX on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the RBLX trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"RBLX","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"V000136":[{"id":"P2_V000136_r5y2vq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000136","https://vasquez.house.gov/issues/congress?page=6","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Vasquez"]},{"id":"P2_V000136_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000136","https://vasquez.house.gov/issues/congress?page=6","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Vasquez"]},{"id":"P2_V000136_1b3jhh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000136","https://vasquez.house.gov/issues/congress?page=6","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Vasquez"]},{"id":"P2_V000136_dxrdpp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PLAINS COTTON GROWERS INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense) and received $5,000 from PLAINS COTTON GROWERS INC. PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PLAINS COTTON GROWERS INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000136","https://vasquez.house.gov/issues/congress?page=6","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Vasquez"]},{"id":"P6_V000136_d14vz0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$902,124 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from TOGETHER MOVING MOUNTAINS NEW MEXICO","explanation":"TOGETHER MOVING MOUNTAINS NEW MEXICO spent $902,124 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90021551","name":"TOGETHER MOVING MOUNTAINS NEW MEXICO","support":902123.6499999999,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021551/"]},{"id":"P6_V000136_d0phdg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$350,009 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Wilderness Society Action Fund (also direct donor)","explanation":"The Wilderness Society Action Fund spent $350,009 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90018177","name":"The Wilderness Society Action Fund","support":350008.65,"oppose":0,"events":4},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"THE WILDERNESS SOCIETY ACTION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PAC)","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018177/"]},{"id":"P6_V000136_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$347,520 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICA","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $347,520 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 37 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":347520.21,"oppose":350,"events":37}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P6_V000136_vsqm6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$251,874 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CHC BOLD PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"CHC BOLD PAC spent $251,874 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00365536","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","support":251874,"oppose":0,"events":3},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00365536/"]},{"id":"P7_V000136_ntp23n","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,659,495 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,659,495 opposing this member across 809 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7659494.540000001,"totalSupport":2264813.2700000014,"events":809,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":4785431.789999998},{"name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","oppose":804564},{"name":"The Sentinel Action Fund","oppose":697419.8},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":695848.02},{"name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","oppose":350}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_V000136_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14621 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,743,330 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 14621× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,743,330. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":14621,"total":3743330,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_V000136_fnxb7w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,470 donation spike on 2023-02-16 — 19.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-02-16 this committee recorded $59,470 across 22 contributions — 19.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,048.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00789404","date":"2023-02-16","amount":59470,"count":22,"baseline":3048,"ratio":19.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00789404/"]},{"id":"P19_V000136_77rbsw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez campaign paid $1,874,152 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: MELE PRINTING","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez's campaign paid 101 disbursements totaling $1,874,152 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE PRINTING","total":830575.8000000002,"count":36,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":95318.27,"date":"2019-11-12","description":"MAILERS FOR STATE ELECTION","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":85758.28,"date":"2016-12-07","description":"PRINTING AND POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":50209.03,"date":"2018-10-22","description":"CAMPAIGN PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","total":566691.8600000001,"count":37,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":35000,"date":"2024-12-18","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":20854.5,"date":"2017-11-14","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","total":273374.72,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":47500,"date":"2018-11-30","description":"ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":21553.81,"date":"2019-05-28","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES, TRAVEL, AND SHIPPING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":21503.49,"date":"2019-07-05","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE PRINTING COMPANY, LLC","total":55411.03,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE PRINTING COMPANY, LLC","amount":22976.23,"date":"2022-11-03","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING COMPANY, LLC","amount":19288.45,"date":"2024-11-07","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING COMPANY, LLC","amount":13146.35,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, GREGG","total":42581.4,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, GREGG","amount":21581.4,"date":"2025-10-01","description":"LOAN FOR CANDIDATE PAID EXPENSES ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MELE, GREGG","amount":21000,"date":"2025-12-29","description":"LOAN FOR CANDIDATE PAID EXPENSES ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","total":22561.47,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":22561.47,"date":"2016-11-23","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MELE%20PRINTING"]},{"id":"P36_V000136","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_V000136_SAVE_AMERICA","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid SAVE AMERICA $126.7M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez's campaign committee paid $126,664,763.55 to SAVE AMERICA across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 25333.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"SAVE AMERICA","total":126664763.55,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA"},{"source":"donor","name":"VOTE SAVE AMERICA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P61_V000136","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $140,000","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez received campaign contributions totaling $140,000 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":140000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_V000136","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $59,470 on 2023-02-16 (19.5× normal)","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $59,470 on 2023-02-16 — 19.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":59470,"maxRatio":19.5,"maxAmount":59470},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-02-16","amount":59470,"ratio":19.5,"baselineDaily":3048,"count":22,"cmteId":"C00789404","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00789404&min_date=2023-02-16&max_date=2023-02-16"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00789404/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00789404&min_date=2023-02-16&max_date=2023-02-16"]},{"id":"P78_V000136","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 16 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 16 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (4); ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); employer bundling (1); daily donation spike (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":16,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/V000136","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_V000136","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez's campaign paid $38,583 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: VASQUEZ, GISSELL ($11,423)","explanation":"Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 6 payments totaling $38,583 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: VASQUEZ, GISSELL ($11,423 across 1 payments, services: SALARY). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":38582.729999999996,"paymentCount":6,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"VASQUEZ, GISSELL","total":11422.93,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"VASQUEZ, GABRIEL","total":11000,"count":2,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONSULTANT FEE 11/7 INVOICE"]},{"payee":"VASQUEZ, ERIC","total":5959.8,"count":1,"descriptions":["PHOTOGRAPHY"]},{"payee":"FRANCES M VASQUEZ MORALES4NM","total":5200,"count":1,"descriptions":["2022 NM STATE GENERAL ELECTION CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"VASQUEZ FOR SCHOOL BOARD 2024, VICTORIA","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"vasquez"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NM02191&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"C001133":[{"id":"P2_C001133_6z9no5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS gave $138,354 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Juan Ciscomani serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $138,354 from EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","total":138353.88,"count":7,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Veterans’ Affairs","Veterans’ Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ciscomani","https://gcr.arizona.edu/news/congressmen-crane-and-ciscomani-receive-committee-assignments","http://ciscomani.house.gov/media/press-releases/ciscomani-announces-appropriations-committee-assignments-119th-congress"]},{"id":"P6_C001133_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,625,297 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $1,625,297 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":1625297,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_C001133_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,177,856 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $1,177,856 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 101 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":1177855.79,"oppose":0,"events":101}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_C001133_3px9qu","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $10,738,678 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $10,738,678 opposing this member across 518 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":10738678.189999998,"totalSupport":3520783.55,"events":518,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":4160141.0000000005},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":3492386.15},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":1340830.47},{"name":"Giffords PAC","oppose":1066503.93},{"name":"RETIRED AMERICANS PAC","oppose":401250}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001133_5boyoo","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$28,967 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $28,967 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":28967.1,"oppose":0,"net":28967.1,"events":5,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":27195.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1771.5,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001133_z242kn","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $6,487,675 in itemized individual contributions, $4,498,219 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6487675,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-233927,"$200.01-$499":265395,"$500-$999":628462,"$1000-$1999":1329526,"$2000 and over":4498219},"megaShare":69.3,"smallDonorShare":-3.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001133_i6fu2v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$156,168 donation spike on 2024-10-16 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-16 this committee recorded $156,168 across 182 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,553.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786194","date":"2024-10-16","amount":156168,"count":182,"baseline":18553,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786194/"]},{"id":"P15_C001133_3hjo9n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,276 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $84,276 across 53 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,792.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786194","date":"2023-03-31","amount":84276,"count":53,"baseline":11792,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786194/"]},{"id":"P15_C001133_3hj19b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,250 donation spike on 2023-02-23 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-02-23 this committee recorded $70,250 across 27 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,989.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786194","date":"2023-02-23","amount":70250,"count":27,"baseline":6989,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786194/"]},{"id":"P15_C001133_i5xyfa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,240 donation spike on 2024-03-08 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-08 this committee recorded $66,240 across 59 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,051.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786194","date":"2024-03-08","amount":66240,"count":59,"baseline":4051,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786194/"]},{"id":"P15_C001133_b6ulye","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,090 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $62,090 across 64 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,023.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786194","date":"2022-03-31","amount":62090,"count":64,"baseline":6023,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786194/"]},{"id":"P15_C001133_b6qs19","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,997 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $60,997 across 62 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,583.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786194","date":"2022-09-30","amount":60997,"count":62,"baseline":8583,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786194/"]},{"id":"P15_C001133_3hll87","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,445 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $50,445 across 37 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,548.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786194","date":"2023-06-30","amount":50445,"count":37,"baseline":7548,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786194/"]},{"id":"P19_C001133_2tzsdq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Juan Ciscomani campaign paid $129,650 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: RAGAN, ASHLEY","explanation":"Juan Ciscomani's campaign paid 29 disbursements totaling $129,650 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAGAN, ASHLEY","total":58765.9,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"RAGAN, ASHLEY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-05-09","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RAGAN, ASHLEY","amount":7500,"date":"2017-12-29","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RAGAN, ASHLEY","amount":7500,"date":"2017-12-06","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAGAN LLC","total":27500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"RAGAN LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2018-03-30","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RAGAN LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2018-03-01","description":"CONSULTANTS","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RAGAN LLC","amount":3500,"date":"2018-08-31","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAGAN, CRYSTAL","total":8989,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RAGAN, CRYSTAL","amount":8989,"date":"2022-11-12","description":"REIMB. EXPENSES-SEE MEMO","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAGAN, ASHLEY MRS.","total":6500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RAGAN, ASHLEY MRS.","amount":6500,"date":"2014-09-04","description":"CAMPAIGN TREASURER CONSULTANT FEES","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AMANDA RAGAN FOR IOWA SENATE","total":6500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"AMANDA RAGAN FOR IOWA SENATE","amount":3500,"date":"2018-09-25","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"AMANDA RAGAN FOR IOWA SENATE","amount":3000,"date":"2018-09-19","description":"POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAGAN, GINNI","total":5800,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RAGAN, GINNI","amount":2900,"date":"2022-06-30","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RAGAN, GINNI","amount":2900,"date":"2021-10-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"ragan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RAGAN"]},{"id":"P29_C001133_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CISCOMANI, Juan voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001133","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Juan Ciscomani has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_C001133","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $70,250 on 2023-02-23 (10.1× normal)","explanation":"Juan Ciscomani's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $70,250 on 2023-02-23 — 10.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":198580,"maxRatio":16.4,"maxAmount":70250},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-02-23","amount":70250,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":6989,"count":27,"cmteId":"C00786194","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00786194&min_date=2023-02-23&max_date=2023-02-23"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-08","amount":66240,"ratio":16.4,"baselineDaily":4051,"count":59,"cmteId":"C00786194","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00786194&min_date=2024-03-08&max_date=2024-03-08"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":62090,"ratio":10.3,"baselineDaily":6023,"count":64,"cmteId":"C00786194","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00786194&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786194/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00786194&min_date=2023-02-23&max_date=2023-02-23"]},{"id":"P78_C001133","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 17 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Juan Ciscomani appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 17 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (7); ie support concentration (2); committee pac conflict (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":17,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001133","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_C001133","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Juan Ciscomani named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.2M total receipts) — top: CISCOMANI VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Juan Ciscomani appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CISCOMANI VICTORY FUND (C00825810, $2.2M receipts, treasurer SATTERFIELD, DAVID). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.22,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00825810","name":"CISCOMANI VICTORY FUND","receipts":2221552.8,"treasurer":"SATTERFIELD, DAVID","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00825810/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00825810/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00825810/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_C001133","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Juan Ciscomani's PAC funding concentrates 69% in Technology ($0.36M / $0.52M classified)","explanation":"Juan Ciscomani's PAC donors concentrate 69% in the Technology industry — $0.36M of $0.52M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.36M · Finance $0.14M · Labor $0.02M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.36,"totalPacAmountM":0.52,"concentrationPct":68.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.36,"Finance":0.14,"Labor":0.02}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AZ02360/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"C001127":[{"id":"P2_C001127_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001127","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Cherfilus-McCormick","http://cherfilus-mccormick.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_C001127_uh97ye","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $2,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $2,500 from EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001127","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Cherfilus-McCormick","http://cherfilus-mccormick.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P19_C001127_1krpz6","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick campaign paid $11,028,369 to 49 surname-matched vendors, top: JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","explanation":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick's campaign paid 89 disbursements totaling $11,028,369 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","total":4265206.709999999,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","amount":3397259,"date":"2025-02-14","description":"CANDIDATE SALARY","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","amount":100821.88,"date":"2023-10-15","description":"CANDIDATE SALARY","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","amount":33975.38,"date":"2025-08-03","description":"CANDIDATE SALARY 2028 ELECTION","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIOGUARDI, JOSEPH J","total":846243.72,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DIOGUARDI, JOSEPH J","amount":549523,"date":"2010-09-30","description":"CONVERSION OF LOAN TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DIOGUARDI, JOSEPH J","amount":153175.14,"date":"2010-09-30","description":"REPAYMENT OF DEBT","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DIOGUARDI, JOSEPH J","amount":143545.58,"date":"2010-09-30","description":"CONVERSION OF LOAN TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARVIN, JOSEPH MR.","total":727000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CARVIN, JOSEPH MR.","amount":477000,"date":"2012-11-09","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CARVIN, JOSEPH MR.","amount":250000,"date":"2012-10-10","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERR, JOSEPH","total":654619.8300000001,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KERR, JOSEPH","amount":327619.83,"date":"2024-01-02","description":"","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KERR, JOSEPH","amount":327000,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DRISCOLL, JOSEPH E","total":467119.62,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DRISCOLL, JOSEPH E","amount":290119.62,"date":"2004-11-04","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DRISCOLL, JOSEPH E","amount":144000,"date":"2004-11-08","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DRISCOLL, JOSEPH E","amount":33000,"date":"2004-11-15","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAEMPFER, JOSEPH W JR","total":370400,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KAEMPFER, JOSEPH W JR","amount":200000,"date":"2024-01-08","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KAEMPFER, JOSEPH W JR","amount":170400,"date":"2024-01-08","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JOSEPH%20LUIZ%20GONZAGA%20%20NNE"]},{"id":"P61_C001127","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $87,500","explanation":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick received campaign contributions totaling $87,500 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($55,900); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA ($6,600); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":87500,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":55900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA","ldaClient":"SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA","donorTotal":6600,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_C001127","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick named in 14 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick appears as a named subject in 14 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":14,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-13/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-12/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-11/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-10/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-9/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-8/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-13/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-12/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-11/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-sheila-cherfilus-mccormick-10/"]},{"id":"P148_C001127","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick's PAC funding concentrates 67% in Technology ($0.08M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick's PAC donors concentrate 67% in the Technology industry — $0.08M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.08M · Labor $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":67.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.08,"Labor":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8FL20032/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_C001127","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick — DW-NOMINATE -0.43 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.43) is 1.5 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.43,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.55"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"L000606":[{"id":"P2_L000606_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"George Latimer serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Latimer_(New_York_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000606","https://whiteplainscnr.com/2025/01/19/congressman-latimer-announces-his-committee-assignments-in-the-house-of-representatives/"]},{"id":"P6_L000606_tuuali","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,682,560 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","explanation":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP) spent $4,682,560 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00799031","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":4682560.29,"oppose":84325.84,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799031/"]},{"id":"P6_L000606_tze89j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$910,682 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DMFI PAC","explanation":"DMFI PAC spent $910,682 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":910681.5599999999,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P7_L000606_8vcsl1","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,344,974 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,344,974 opposing this member across 44 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1344974.15,"totalSupport":5594621.85,"events":44,"topAttackers":[{"name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","oppose":84325.84},{"name":"WFP NATIONAL PAC","oppose":769035},{"name":"Justice Democrats PAC","oppose":391613.31},{"name":"EMGAGE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","oppose":100000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000606_6tn7l7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$574,932 donation spike on 2024-05-21 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-21 this committee recorded $574,932 across 427 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $43,225.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00859041","date":"2024-05-21","amount":574932,"count":427,"baseline":43225,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859041/"]},{"id":"P19_L000606_4si7xn","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"George Latimer campaign paid $280,408 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: PRESSER COMPLIANCE LLC","explanation":"George Latimer's campaign paid 85 disbursements totaling $280,408 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRESSER COMPLIANCE LLC","total":190227.88,"count":49,"samples":[{"payee":"PRESSER COMPLIANCE LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2024-09-17","description":"AUGUST SEPTEMBER COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PRESSER COMPLIANCE LLC","amount":14175.53,"date":"2025-09-18","description":"REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"PRESSER COMPLIANCE LLC","amount":10000,"date":"2024-07-02","description":"JULY COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRESSER, JOSEPH","total":42618.5,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"PRESSER, JOSEPH","amount":6268.75,"date":"2023-05-18","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: AD PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PRESSER, JOSEPH","amount":5418.75,"date":"2022-05-24","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: AD PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PRESSER, JOSEPH","amount":5106.25,"date":"2023-02-09","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: AD PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRESSER, ANDREW G.","total":25053.909999999996,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"PRESSER, ANDREW G.","amount":2156.44,"date":"2022-11-10","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PRESSER, ANDREW G.","amount":2139.26,"date":"2022-10-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PRESSER, ANDREW G.","amount":1940.31,"date":"2022-10-14","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRESSER, STEPHEN","total":5700,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"PRESSER, STEPHEN","amount":2900,"date":"2022-09-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PRESSER, STEPHEN","amount":2800,"date":"2020-09-29","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRESSER, STEPHEN WAYNE","total":2900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PRESSER, STEPHEN WAYNE","amount":2900,"date":"2022-07-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRESSER, MICHAEL","total":2900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PRESSER, MICHAEL","amount":2900,"date":"2022-07-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"presser","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PRESSER%20COMPLIANCE%20LLC"]},{"id":"P35_L000606_tuuali","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP) both supported ($4,682,560) and opposed ($84,326) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-George Latimer advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00799031","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":4682560.29,"oppose":84325.84,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799031/"]},{"id":"P36_L000606","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 7 total findings","explanation":"George Latimer has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":7,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_L000606_Georgia_s_Own_Credit_Union_117876","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Georgia's Own Credit Union testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"George Latimer sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks\". The witness Michael Sims (Georgia's Own Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"117876","title":"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Sims","witnessOrg":"Georgia's Own Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P61_L000606","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $111,300","explanation":"George Latimer received campaign contributions totaling $111,300 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($46,300); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":111300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":46300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC)","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000606","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $574,932 on 2024-05-21 (13.3× normal)","explanation":"George Latimer's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $574,932 on 2024-05-21 — 13.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":574932,"maxRatio":13.3,"maxAmount":574932},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-05-21","amount":574932,"ratio":13.3,"baselineDaily":43225,"count":427,"cmteId":"C00859041","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00859041&min_date=2024-05-21&max_date=2024-05-21"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859041/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00859041&min_date=2024-05-21&max_date=2024-05-21"]},{"id":"P78_L000606","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 11 total findings across the platform","explanation":"George Latimer appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 11 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (2); committee pac conflict (1); ie attack target (1); daily donation spike (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":11,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000606","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_L000606","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"George Latimer's PAC funding concentrates 52% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"George Latimer's PAC donors concentrate 52% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.04M · Transportation $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":52.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.04,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY16087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"D000032":[{"id":"P2_D000032_cuqzt2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Byron Donalds serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Reform","Budget","Small Business","Financial Services","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://donalds.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=63","https://donalds.house.gov/homepage-2020/committee-on-oversight-and-accountability.htm","https://torreydc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/House-Committee-Assignments_119-Congress_Printable.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_D000032_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Byron Donalds serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Reform","Budget","Small Business","Financial Services","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://donalds.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=63","https://donalds.house.gov/homepage-2020/committee-on-oversight-and-accountability.htm","https://torreydc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/House-Committee-Assignments_119-Congress_Printable.pdf"]},{"id":"P3_D000032_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 73% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 8 times (73%). In the same period they made 8 BUYS vs 5 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":8,"yesRate":73},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":8,"sells":5,"netBuy":3,"total":13}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_D000032_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,383,652 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $1,383,652 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 36 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":1383652.04,"oppose":0,"events":36}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P14_D000032_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26120 employees of RETIRED gave $3,366,430 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 26120× RETIRED = $3,366,430. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":26120,"total":3366430,"years":["2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000032_BRO_2025-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BRO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-24 and 2025-10-31, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BRO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BRO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"},{"bioguideId":"M001232","name":"April McClain Delaney"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-10-24 to 2025-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000032_TTD_2025-09-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TTD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-09-04 and 2025-09-11, 3 members took the same direction on TTD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTD","date":"2025-09-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TTD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2025-09-04 to 2025-09-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000032_TTD_2026-02-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TTD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-03 and 2026-02-10, 3 members took the same direction on TTD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TTD","date":"2026-02-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TTD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000829","name":"Tony Wied"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"}],"span":"2026-02-03 to 2026-02-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000032_REGN_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold REGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-10, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on REGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"REGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000032_REGN_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold REGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on REGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"REGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000032_HWM_2025-10-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold HWM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-10-23 and 2025-10-30, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on HWM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-10-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HWM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000032","name":"Byron Donalds"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001136","name":"Lisa McClain"}],"span":"2025-10-23 to 2025-10-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000032_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Byron Donalds executed 32 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2026-03-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2026-03-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2026-02-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the Central Regulatory Are","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone off Alaska; Amendment 125 to the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Fishery Manage","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000032_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Byron Donalds executed 13 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2025-10-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Rules To Be Reviewed Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-01-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment to the Syria-Related Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000032_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Byron Donalds executed 7 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2026-01-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-10-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2025-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2025-02-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Aerospace & Defense Oxygen Systems SaS (Part of Safran Aerosystems) (Formerly Known as Air Liq","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-12-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zones; Chicago Harbor, Navy Pier Southeast, Chicago, IL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-09-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000032_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Byron Donalds executed 7 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2025-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":17,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRTX","date":"2025-03-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-01-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2024-02-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Buprenorphine Treatment via Telemedicine Encounter and Continuity of Care via Telemedicine for Veterans Aff","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act; Implementation","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-02-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000032_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Byron Donalds executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHRW","date":"2022-12-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Bylaws","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2022-11-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000032_3sf3u3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Byron Donalds campaign paid $138,506 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: CRATE & BARREL","explanation":"Byron Donalds's campaign paid 38 disbursements totaling $138,506 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE & BARREL","total":46102.03999999999,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":24774.36,"date":"2023-02-13","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":4279.22,"date":"2025-03-11","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":4160.53,"date":"2017-10-04","description":"HQ ACCOUNT-FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE, BRAD","total":35500,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":7500,"date":"2007-03-23","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":5000,"date":"2007-02-14","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":3000,"date":"2008-09-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE, DARRELL","total":14639.6,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE, DARRELL","amount":4239.6,"date":"2005-06-13","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: SEE BELOW TRAVEL/PARKING/","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CRATE, DARRELL","amount":3300,"date":"2024-08-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CRATE, DARRELL","amount":2700,"date":"2018-09-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE AND BARREL","total":11300.400000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE AND BARREL","amount":3360.62,"date":"2018-12-20","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CRATE AND BARREL","amount":3224.8,"date":"2021-04-09","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRATE AND BARREL","amount":2815.71,"date":"2019-01-23","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE FOR BRICK MAYOR 2025","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE FOR BRICK MAYOR 2025","amount":5000,"date":"2025-04-17","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE, AMY MRS.","total":3300,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE, AMY MRS.","amount":3300,"date":"2024-08-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CRATE%20%26%20BARREL"]},{"id":"P21_D000032_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 1105d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (5 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":7,"avgGap":1105,"buys":5,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":95,"avgGap":487}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_D000032_Telecom","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom BUYs filed 1145d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Telecom (3 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":4,"avgGap":1145,"buys":3,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":95,"avgGap":487}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_D000032_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member Byron Donalds cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2026-02-10","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_D000032_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Byron Donalds cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2026-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":19,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_D000032_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"91% of PAC dollars ($1,420,076) come from Party industry","explanation":"Byron Donalds receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1420076.31,"share":91.4,"totalPAC":1554350.45,"pacCount":19},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1420076.31,"share":91.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":60640,"share":3.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":17743.66,"share":1.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":15890.48,"share":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_D000032_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DONALDS, Byron voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":7,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_D000032","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"60% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 9.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 203 disclosed trades, 122 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 9.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":122,"total":203,"rate":60.1},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":9.33}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000032","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"Byron Donalds has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_D000032_IDXX_20250904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IDXX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $IDXX 1 day after a corporate insider (Smith Martin Alexander  (CIK 0001621358)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IDXX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IDXX","filer":"Smith Martin Alexander  (CIK 0001621358)","filingDate":"2025-09-03","adsh":"0000874716-25-000150","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_LRCX_20250807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LRCX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $LRCX 1 day after a corporate insider (Harter Ava  (CIK 0001642415)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Harter Ava  (CIK 0001642415)","filingDate":"2025-08-06","adsh":"0000707549-25-000073","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_FCNCA_20250320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FCNCA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $FCNCA 1 day after a corporate insider (BRYANT HOPE HOLDING  (CIK 0001065415)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCNCA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCNCA","filer":"BRYANT HOPE HOLDING  (CIK 0001065415)","filingDate":"2025-03-19","adsh":"0000950170-25-042181","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_HUM_20240222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HUM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $HUM 1 day after a corporate insider (Mesquita Jorge S.  (CIK 0001547344)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HUM","filer":"Mesquita Jorge S.  (CIK 0001547344)","filingDate":"2024-02-21","adsh":"0001062993-24-003797","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_MRK_20220812","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $MRK 1 day after a corporate insider (Kramer Michael Robert  (CIK 0001744580)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Kramer Michael Robert  (CIK 0001744580)","filingDate":"2022-08-11","adsh":"0000907471-22-000094","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_IR_20240222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $IR 1 day after a corporate insider (Mills Ronald Eugene  (CIK 0001784559)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IR","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IR","filer":"Mills Ronald Eugene  (CIK 0001784559)","filingDate":"2024-02-21","adsh":"0001562180-24-001464","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_CNC_20210803","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CNC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $CNC 1 day after a corporate insider (LAYTON BRENT D  (CIK 0001731041)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CNC","filer":"LAYTON BRENT D  (CIK 0001731041)","filingDate":"2021-08-02","adsh":"0001071739-21-000187","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_HWM_20260108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HWM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $HWM 1 day after a corporate insider (Miller Jody  (CIK 0001325501)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HWM","filer":"Miller Jody  (CIK 0001325501)","filingDate":"2026-01-07","adsh":"0001104659-26-001773","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_TW_20251009","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $TW 1 day after a corporate insider (Raykov Rosty  (CIK 0001468316)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TW","filer":"Raykov Rosty  (CIK 0001468316)","filingDate":"2025-10-08","adsh":"0001468316-25-000009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_PGR_20250320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $PGR 2 days after a corporate insider (Bauer Jonathan S.  (CIK 0001798968)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Bauer Jonathan S.  (CIK 0001798968)","filingDate":"2025-03-18","adsh":"0001127602-25-009733","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_PYPL_20250320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PYPL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $PYPL 2 days after a corporate insider (Natali Chris  (CIK 0001905272)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Natali Chris  (CIK 0001905272)","filingDate":"2025-03-18","adsh":"0001633917-25-000048","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_SHOP_20210505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SHOP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $SHOP 2 days after a corporate insider (RUCKER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001555206)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHOP","filer":"RUCKER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001555206)","filingDate":"2021-05-03","adsh":"0001235802-21-000030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_DT_20240222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $DT 2 days after a corporate insider (DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (CIK 0000946770)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DT","filer":"DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (CIK 0000946770)","filingDate":"2024-02-20","adsh":"0001140361-24-008611","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_TW_20250904","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $TW 2 days after a corporate insider (Downie Jason H  (CIK 0001351303)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TW","filer":"Downie Jason H  (CIK 0001351303)","filingDate":"2025-09-02","adsh":"0001213900-25-083560","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_HOOD_20250306","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HOOD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $HOOD 3 days after a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOOD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOOD","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2025-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-25-004145","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_FI_20250320","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FI 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $FI 3 days after a corporate insider (MEGACHIPS CORP /FI  (CIK 0001071571)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FI","filer":"MEGACHIPS CORP /FI  (CIK 0001071571)","filingDate":"2025-03-17","adsh":"0001415889-25-008189","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_EFX_20240509","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $EFX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $EFX 3 days after a corporate insider (TILLMAN AUDREY B  (CIK 0001422863)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EFX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EFX","filer":"TILLMAN AUDREY B  (CIK 0001422863)","filingDate":"2024-05-06","adsh":"0001225208-24-005658","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_CSL_20220106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CSL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $CSL 3 days after a corporate insider (Tutas David A.  (CIK 0001567995)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSL","filer":"Tutas David A.  (CIK 0001567995)","filingDate":"2022-01-03","adsh":"0001214659-22-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_CSL_20221007","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CSL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $CSL 4 days after a corporate insider (Tutas David A.  (CIK 0001567995)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSL","filer":"Tutas David A.  (CIK 0001567995)","filingDate":"2022-10-03","adsh":"0001214659-22-011784","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_ZION_20210202","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ZION 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $ZION 4 days after a corporate insider (Schreiber Edward  (CIK 0001315531)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZION","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZION","filer":"Schreiber Edward  (CIK 0001315531)","filingDate":"2021-01-29","adsh":"0000109380-21-000015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_PH_20210505","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PH 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $PH 5 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2021-04-30","adsh":"0001567619-21-008796","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000032_DECK_20240327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DECK 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $DECK 5 days after a corporate insider (Deck Kelly  (CIK 0001819427)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DECK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DECK","filer":"Deck Kelly  (CIK 0001819427)","filingDate":"2024-03-22","adsh":"0001739614-24-000019","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_EW_20231019","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $EW 1 day before a corporate insider (Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"Essex Woodlands Fund IX-GP, L.P.  (CIK 0001652285)","filingDate":"2023-10-20","adsh":"0000899243-23-020011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_GOOG_20240222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $GOOG 1 day before a corporate insider (RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR  (CIK 0001286672)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR  (CIK 0001286672)","filingDate":"2024-02-23","adsh":"0001209191-24-003905"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_UNH_20210105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $UNH 1 day before a corporate insider (WILENSKY GAIL R  (CIK 0001018538)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"WILENSKY GAIL R  (CIK 0001018538)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0001209191-21-002287"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_DECK_20240327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DECK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $DECK 1 day before a corporate insider (Deck Kelly  (CIK 0001819427)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DECK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DECK","filer":"Deck Kelly  (CIK 0001819427)","filingDate":"2024-03-28","adsh":"0001739614-24-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_HUM_20240222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HUM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $HUM 1 day before a corporate insider (Dintenfass David  (CIK 0002010288)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HUM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HUM","filer":"Dintenfass David  (CIK 0002010288)","filingDate":"2024-02-23","adsh":"0001062993-24-004156"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_EFX_20240509","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EFX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $EFX 1 day before a corporate insider (Fichuk Karen L  (CIK 0001964768)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EFX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EFX","filer":"Fichuk Karen L  (CIK 0001964768)","filingDate":"2024-05-10","adsh":"0001225208-24-005931"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_TMUS_20210505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TMUS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $TMUS 1 day before a corporate insider (Miller David A  (CIK 0001576259)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Miller David A  (CIK 0001576259)","filingDate":"2021-05-06","adsh":"0001283699-21-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_DT_20240222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $DT 1 day before a corporate insider (DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (CIK 0000946770)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DT","filer":"DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG  (CIK 0000946770)","filingDate":"2024-02-23","adsh":"0001140361-24-009245"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_CSL_20210505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CSL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $CSL 1 day before a corporate insider (Hansen Maia  (CIK 0001800547)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSL","filer":"Hansen Maia  (CIK 0001800547)","filingDate":"2021-05-06","adsh":"0000790051-21-000134"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_NOW_20260210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NOW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $NOW 2 days before a corporate insider (CAMERON SUSAN M.  (CIK 0001297075)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"CAMERON SUSAN M.  (CIK 0001297075)","filingDate":"2026-02-12","adsh":"0000897069-26-000301"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_HON_20210505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HON 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $HON 2 days before a corporate insider (Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)","filingDate":"2021-05-07","adsh":"0001562180-21-003325"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_APPF_20240327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $APPF 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $APPF 2 days before a corporate insider (Schauser Klaus  (CIK 0001643445)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APPF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APPF","filer":"Schauser Klaus  (CIK 0001643445)","filingDate":"2024-03-29","adsh":"0001433195-24-000047"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_SHOP_20210505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SHOP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $SHOP 2 days before a corporate insider (RUCKER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001555206)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHOP","filer":"RUCKER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001555206)","filingDate":"2021-05-07","adsh":"0001235802-21-000042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_ISRG_20230224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ISRG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $ISRG 3 days before a corporate insider (GUTHART GARY S  (CIK 0001280628)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ISRG","filer":"GUTHART GARY S  (CIK 0001280628)","filingDate":"2023-02-27","adsh":"0001035267-23-000051"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_WLK_20220812","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WLK 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $WLK 3 days before a corporate insider (Haas Marius  (CIK 0001556683)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WLK","filer":"Haas Marius  (CIK 0001556683)","filingDate":"2022-08-15","adsh":"0001567619-22-016165"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_WLK_20220503","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WLK 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $WLK 3 days before a corporate insider (Ederington L. Benjamin  (CIK 0001588279)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WLK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WLK","filer":"Ederington L. Benjamin  (CIK 0001588279)","filingDate":"2022-05-06","adsh":"0001567619-22-009646"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_PGR_20250320","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $PGR 4 days before a corporate insider (Joyce Carl G  (CIK 0002057132)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Joyce Carl G  (CIK 0002057132)","filingDate":"2025-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-25-010254"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_PYPL_20260313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PYPL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $PYPL 4 days before a corporate insider (Gill Michelle  (CIK 0001820540)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Gill Michelle  (CIK 0001820540)","filingDate":"2026-03-17","adsh":"0001633917-26-000055"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_FTNT_20230224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FTNT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $FTNT 4 days before a corporate insider (Perche Patrice  (CIK 0001924858)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTNT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FTNT","filer":"Perche Patrice  (CIK 0001924858)","filingDate":"2023-02-28","adsh":"0001209191-23-013690"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_MRK_20220812","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRK 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $MRK 4 days before a corporate insider (Kramer Michael Robert  (CIK 0001744580)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Kramer Michael Robert  (CIK 0001744580)","filingDate":"2022-08-16","adsh":"0000907471-22-000096"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_TW_20250904","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TW 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $TW 4 days before a corporate insider (Raykov Rosty  (CIK 0001468316)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TW","filer":"Raykov Rosty  (CIK 0001468316)","filingDate":"2025-09-08","adsh":"0001415889-25-023897"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_MA_20210505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $MA 5 days before a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2021-05-10","adsh":"0001140361-21-016735"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_PGR_20251009","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $PGR 5 days before a corporate insider (Bleser Philip  (CIK 0001703228)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Bleser Philip  (CIK 0001703228)","filingDate":"2025-10-14","adsh":"0000080661-25-000088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_PH_20210505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PH 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds sell $PH 5 days before a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2021-05-10","adsh":"0001567619-21-009456"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_INTU_20210505","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $INTU 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Byron Donalds buy $INTU 5 days before a corporate insider (Liu Deborah  (CIK 0001712627)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTU","filer":"Liu Deborah  (CIK 0001712627)","filingDate":"2021-05-10","adsh":"0000896878-21-000105"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000032_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+21 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Byron Donalds accumulated 46 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 21 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":21,"totalRaw":46}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P48_D000032_118936","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 5 days after a Technology hearing in House Oversight and Government Reform","explanation":"Byron Donalds sits on House Oversight and Government Reform, which on 2026-02-04 held a hearing titled \"the Full Committee to consider the following:\r\n\r\n1) H.R. 7274, Federal Acquisition Security Council Improvement Act of 2026;\r\n\r\n2) H.R. 2985…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $PYPL (a Technology-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform","eventId":"118936","title":"the Full Committee to consider the following:\r\n\r\n1) H.R. 7274, Federal Acquisition Security Council Improvement Act of 2026;\r\n\r\n2) H.R. 2985, Modernizing Government Technology Reform Act;\r\n\r\n3) H.R. 4123, Federal Improvement in Technology Procurement Act;\r\n\r\n4) H.R. 7283, Ensuring Federal Purchasing Efficiency Act;\r\n \r\n5) H.R. 1118, Value Over Cost Act of 2025;\r\n  \r\n6) H.R. 5438, Incentivize Savings Act;\r\n \r\n7) H.R. 5000, Cybersecurity Hiring Modernization Act;\r\n \r\n8) H.R. 7256, Federal Workforce Early Separation Incentives Act; \r\n\r\n9) H.R. 7265, Vote By Mail Tracking Act; \r\n\r\n10) Several postal naming measures.","date":"2026-02-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118936"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118936","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_D000032_119110","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NFLX 7 days before a Technology hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","explanation":"Byron Donalds sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence, which on 2026-03-26 held a hearing titled \"Innovation at the Speed of Markets: How Regulators Keep Pace with Technology\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","eventId":"119110","title":"Innovation at the Speed of Markets: How Regulators Keep Pace with Technology","date":"2026-03-26T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119110"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119110","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_D000032_118736","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ABT 7 days before a Healthcare hearing in House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Energy Policy, and Regulatory Affairs","explanation":"Byron Donalds sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Energy Policy, and Regulatory Affairs, which on 2025-12-10 held a hearing titled \"“Lowering the Cost of Healthcare: Technology’s Role in Driving Affordability”\" — classified as Healthcare sector. The member sell $ABT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Energy Policy, and Regulatory Affairs","eventId":"118736","title":"“Lowering the Cost of Healthcare: Technology’s Role in Driving Affordability”","date":"2025-12-10T15:00:00Z","sector":"Healthcare","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118736"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118736","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_D000032_118131","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $REGN on the same day as a Pharma hearing in House Oversight and Government Reform","explanation":"Byron Donalds sits on House Oversight and Government Reform, which on 2025-04-09 held a hearing titled \"“Restoring Trust in FDA: Rooting Out Illicit Products”\" — classified as Pharma sector. The member sell $REGN (a Pharma-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform","eventId":"118131","title":"“Restoring Trust in FDA: Rooting Out Illicit Products”","date":"2025-04-09T14:00:00Z","sector":"Pharma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118131"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118131","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_D000032_118125","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V on the same day as a Finance hearing in House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","explanation":"Byron Donalds sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence, which on 2025-04-09 held a hearing titled \"American Innovation and the Future of Digital Assets Aligning the U.S. Securities Laws for the Digital Age”\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $V (a Finance-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Digital Assets, Financial Technology, and Artificial Intelligence","eventId":"118125","title":"American Innovation and the Future of Digital Assets Aligning the U.S. Securities Laws for the Digital Age”","date":"2025-04-09T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118125"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118125","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_D000032_118116","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 1 day after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Byron Donalds sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: U.S. Treasury Debt in the Monetary System\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $V (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118116","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: U.S. Treasury Debt in the Monetary System","date":"2025-04-08T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118116"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118116","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_D000032_118084","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AVGO 14 days before a Technology hearing in House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Military and Foreign Affairs","explanation":"Byron Donalds sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Military and Foreign Affairs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"“Salt Typhoon: Securing America’s Telecommunications from State-Sponsored Cyber Attacks”\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $AVGO (a Technology-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Military and Foreign Affairs","eventId":"118084","title":"“Salt Typhoon: Securing America’s Telecommunications from State-Sponsored Cyber Attacks”","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118084"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118084","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_D000032_117994","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 8 days after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Byron Donalds sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"Navigating the Digital Payments Ecosystem: Examining a Federal Framework for Payment Stablecoins and Consequences of a U.S. Central Bank Dig…\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 8 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117994","title":"Navigating the Digital Payments Ecosystem: Examining a Federal Framework for Payment Stablecoins and Consequences of a U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency","date":"2025-03-11T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117994"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117994","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_D000032_2023-11-08_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JPM 20 days before a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Byron Donalds delivered a 350-word floor speech on 2023-11-08 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, we should be in support of this amendment for one very important reason: The CFPB is unconstitutional. It is an agency that was given legis- lative powers through Dodd-Frank, one of the wor…\"). The member sell $JPM (a Finance-sector stock) 20 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-11-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":350,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, we should be in support of this amendment for one very important reason: The CFPB is unconstitutional. It is an agency that was given legis- lative powers through Dodd-Frank, one of the wor","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/11/08/169/185/CREC-2023-11-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/11/08/169/185/CREC-2023-11-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_D000032","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $35,000","explanation":"Byron Donalds received campaign contributions totaling $35,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: VALERO ENERGY ($5,000); REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION ($5,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($5,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($5,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":35000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ABC PAC)","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_D000032_2021-05-05","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"22 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-05-05 — 22 unique tickers","explanation":"Byron Donalds executed 22 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-05-05 to 2021-05-05), spanning 22 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-05-05","windowEnd":"2021-05-05","tradeCount":22,"uniqueTickers":22,"totalDisclosedTrades":203,"sampleTickers":["MA","BEAS","FTNT","CSL","HON","ZBRA","CDNS","ZTS","ETAK","PH"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_D000032","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 84 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Byron Donalds appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 84 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (22); hearing proximity trade (8); coordinated trade cluster (6); reg rule trade proximity (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":84,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":22},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":2},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000032","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_D000032","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Byron Donalds named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.5M total receipts) — top: BYRON DONALDS VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Byron Donalds appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BYRON DONALDS VICTORY FUND (C00760108, $2.5M receipts, treasurer CRATE, BRADLEY T). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.47,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00760108","name":"BYRON DONALDS VICTORY FUND","receipts":2470589.0700000003,"treasurer":"CRATE, BRADLEY T","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760108/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760108/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00760108/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P140_D000032","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Byron Donalds disclosed 4 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 3 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY IR $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Byron Donalds has filed 4 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 3 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY IR $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-02-22 · BUY STM $250,001 - $500,000 on 2023-02-24 · BUY WAT $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2023-02-24 · BUY ZBRA $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2023-02-24.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":4,"veryHighCount":3,"lowerBoundSum":2350004,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"IR","action":"BUY","date":"2024-02-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"STM","action":"BUY","date":"2023-02-24","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"WAT","action":"BUY","date":"2023-02-24","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"ZBRA","action":"BUY","date":"2023-02-24","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_D000032","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Byron Donalds executed 21 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL HWM (0d apart)","explanation":"Byron Donalds has 21 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL HWM 2022-08-12 → 2022-08-12 (0d) · SELL→BUY JPM 2023-10-19 → 2023-10-19 (0d) · BUY→SELL HOOD 2025-03-06 → 2025-03-20 (14d) · BUY→SELL MNST 2024-05-09 → 2024-05-09 (0d) · BUY→SELL GOOG 2023-10-19 → 2023-10-19 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":21,"samples":[{"ticker":"HWM","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-08-12","date2":"2022-08-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-10-19","date2":"2023-10-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"HOOD","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-03-06","date2":"2025-03-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MNST","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-05-09","date2":"2024-05-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-10-19","date2":"2023-10-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DT","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-02-22","date2":"2024-02-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"STM","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-02-24","date2":"2023-02-24","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ELV","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-08-12","date2":"2022-08-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_D000032","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Byron Donalds triggers 30 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Byron Donalds accumulates 30 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":30,"distinctDetectorTypes":23}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_D000032_2025-03-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Byron Donalds — 22 trades on 2025-03-20","explanation":"Byron Donalds disclosed 22 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-03-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-03-20","count":22}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_D000032","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Byron Donalds — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (200/203)","explanation":"Byron Donalds's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":203,"atBracket":200,"pct":"98.5"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_D000032","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Byron Donalds — 97 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Byron Donalds has traded 97 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":97,"sample":["NFLX","TTD","PYPL","BRO","NOW","HWM","CRYPTO:BTC","PH","BTC","FIX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_D000032","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Byron Donalds — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Byron Donalds has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["DASH","HOOD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001227":[{"id":"P2_S001227_p0x0t5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PPM/UNIVERSITY TOWER gave $6,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric Schmitt serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $6,000 from PPM/UNIVERSITY TOWER, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PPM/UNIVERSITY TOWER","total":6000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Commerce, Science, and Transportation","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.schmitt.senate.gov/media/press-releases/senator-schmitt-announces-committee-assignments/","https://www.senate.mo.gov/14info/Members/D15/bio.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Schmitt"]},{"id":"P6_S001227_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,333,466 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $5,333,466 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 104 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":5333465.930000002,"oppose":0,"events":104}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_S001227_tvzqeb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,413,229 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SAVE MISSOURI VALUES","explanation":"SAVE MISSOURI VALUES spent $3,413,229 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 22 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00776385","name":"SAVE MISSOURI VALUES","support":3413229.1,"oppose":0,"events":22}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776385/"]},{"id":"P6_S001227_titvab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$339,049 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CRYPTO INNOVATION","explanation":"CRYPTO INNOVATION spent $339,049 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804732","name":"CRYPTO INNOVATION","support":339048.5,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804732/"]},{"id":"P7_S001227_jag9e6","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,707,645 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,707,645 opposing this member across 378 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7707644.989999999,"totalSupport":9621256.71,"events":378,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2494484},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1907145.85},{"name":"TEAM PAC","oppose":1381161.1300000001},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":966783.4500000001},{"name":"SECURE OUR FREEDOM ACTION FUND","oppose":664648.5}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_S001227_pp89hc","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$609,780 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $609,780 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":609780,"events":2,"byYear":{"2022":609780},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30003271","name":"CONSERVATIVES NETWORK","total":609780,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001227_z1kym9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 4%)","explanation":"Of $6,496,404 in itemized individual contributions, $4,656,474 (72%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6496404,"buckets":{"$200 and under":240077,"$200.01-$499":274883,"$500-$999":398411,"$1000-$1999":926559,"$2000 and over":4656474},"megaShare":71.7,"smallDonorShare":3.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001227_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22654 employees of RETIRED gave $1,774,570 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 22654× RETIRED = $1,774,570. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":22654,"total":1774570,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001227_1btat7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$271,410 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 15.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $271,410 across 158 contributions — 15.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,741.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775015","date":"2022-09-30","amount":271410,"count":158,"baseline":17741,"ratio":15.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775015/"]},{"id":"P15_S001227_po3whu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,256 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $79,256 across 325 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,641.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775015","date":"2025-09-30","amount":79256,"count":325,"baseline":5641,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775015/"]},{"id":"P15_S001227_1bpgw2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,600 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $71,600 across 42 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,705.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775015","date":"2022-03-31","amount":71600,"count":42,"baseline":9705,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775015/"]},{"id":"P15_S001227_uolv99","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,659 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 19.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $69,659 across 223 contributions — 19.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,499.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775015","date":"2024-09-30","amount":69659,"count":223,"baseline":3499,"ratio":19.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775015/"]},{"id":"P15_S001227_1btarq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,048 donation spike on 2022-09-19 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-19 this committee recorded $69,048 across 41 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,135.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775015","date":"2022-09-19","amount":69048,"count":41,"baseline":8135,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775015/"]},{"id":"P15_S001227_1brdum","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,900 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $54,900 across 44 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,080.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775015","date":"2022-06-30","amount":54900,"count":44,"baseline":9080,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775015/"]},{"id":"P19_S001227_8i3cva","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric Schmitt campaign paid $4,735,877 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's campaign paid 97 disbursements totaling $4,735,877 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","total":1066568.5,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":442124.5,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":370000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":254444,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","total":1040766.4699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":121159.09,"date":"2007-05-09","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":82312.4,"date":"2007-12-13","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":64500,"date":"2008-12-09","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","total":1012838.1000000001,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":60279.08,"date":"2010-12-31","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":56171.17,"date":"2011-12-12","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":45681.21,"date":"2010-12-17","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RYAN PHILLIPS UTRECHT & MACKINNON","total":238624.24,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"RYAN PHILLIPS UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":45000,"date":"2005-12-16","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"RYAN PHILLIPS UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":43624.24,"date":"2003-06-30","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"RYAN PHILLIPS UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":30000,"date":"2004-06-25","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT, AND MACKINNON","total":216950.77999999997,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT, AND MACKINNON","amount":36527.27,"date":"2003-05-29","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT, AND MACKINNON","amount":36199.24,"date":"2003-06-20","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT, AND MACKINNON","amount":36149.55,"date":"2003-09-30","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PHILLIPS, JEANNE L","total":174875,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PHILLIPS, JEANNE L","amount":174875,"date":"2004-10-26","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PHILLIPS"]},{"id":"P29_S001227_7pl5yq","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MO R delegation on 18 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHMITT, Eric Stephen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 18 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001227","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Eric Schmitt has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_S001227","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$610K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from CONSERVATIVES NETWORK","explanation":"Eric Schmitt was the target of $609,780 in electioneering communications across 2 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was CONSERVATIVES NETWORK ($609,780 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":609780,"events":2,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2022":609780}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003271","name":"CONSERVATIVES NETWORK","total":609780,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003271/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003271/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P62_S001227","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $271,410 on 2022-09-30 (15.3× normal)","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $271,410 on 2022-09-30 — 15.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":420325,"maxRatio":19.9,"maxAmount":271410},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-09-30","amount":271410,"ratio":15.3,"baselineDaily":17741,"count":158,"cmteId":"C00775015","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00775015&min_date=2022-09-30&max_date=2022-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":79256,"ratio":14,"baselineDaily":5641,"count":325,"cmteId":"C00775015","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00775015&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-09-30","amount":69659,"ratio":19.9,"baselineDaily":3499,"count":223,"cmteId":"C00775015","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00775015&min_date=2024-09-30&max_date=2024-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775015/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00775015&min_date=2022-09-30&max_date=2022-09-30"]},{"id":"P74_S001227_2024","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 5 new ticker holdings in 2024 not present in prior PFD filings — including SPY, VO, VOE, VBR, VTI","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 5 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: SPY, VO, VOE, VBR, VTI.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2024,"count":5,"newTickers":["SPY","VO","VOE","VBR","VTI"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b86d9173-de3a-4f1c-bf2c-29b7f956ba4f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b86d9173-de3a-4f1c-bf2c-29b7f956ba4f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001227","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Eric Schmitt appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (6); ie support concentration (3); committee pac conflict (1); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001227","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001227","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric Schmitt's campaign paid $124,818 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: SCHMITT, BRIAN ($63,652)","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $124,818 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCHMITT, BRIAN ($63,652 across 1 payments, services: SEE MEMO). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":124818.44,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCHMITT, BRIAN","total":63652.44,"count":1,"descriptions":["SEE MEMO"]},{"payee":"JACK SCHMITT FORD","total":31666,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN VEHICLE"]},{"payee":"SCHMITT FOR MISSOURI","total":22500,"count":2,"descriptions":["TRAVEL : OTHER","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"SCHMITT FOR NY","total":7000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"schmitt"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2MO00544&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 PFD: 7 holdings owned by Dependent Child (5 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 7 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 5 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: MOST 529 Plan Institution: State of Missouri Filer · Vanguard Conservative Growth Portfolio · Vanguard Aggressive Growth Portfolio · Fidelity Advisor 529 Plan Institution: Fidelity Ad · Fidelity Advisory Port Class 2025 Age Based Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":7,"highValueCount":5,"holdings":[{"asset":"MOST 529 Plan Institution: State of Missouri Filer comment: Child #1","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Vanguard Conservative Growth Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Vanguard Aggressive Growth Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Fidelity Advisor 529 Plan Institution: Fidelity Advisor Plan Sponsored by New Hampshire Filer commen","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Advisory Port Class 2025 Age Based Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Permanent Whole Life Insurance Provider: Northwestern Mutual","type":"Life Insurance Whole","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Permanent Whole Life Insurance Provider: Northwestern Mutual","type":"Life Insurance Whole","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_S001227","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eric Schmitt filed 5 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 105 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Eric Schmitt has filed 5 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 105 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2023 (105d late, filed 08/28/2023) · 2023 (91d late, filed 08/14/2023) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2024 (90d late, filed 08/13/2024).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":5,"maxDaysLate":105,"samples":[{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/28/2023","daysLate":105,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c508602-8c64-4393-ad87-cab4e4158a62/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/14/2023","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4518b51b-1eb3-4c25-bd26-d88a2b783a81/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"},{"year":2024,"filingDate":"08/13/2024","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b86d9173-de3a-4f1c-bf2c-29b7f956ba4f/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c508602-8c64-4393-ad87-cab4e4158a62/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4518b51b-1eb3-4c25-bd26-d88a2b783a81/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Schmitt discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2025 PFD — GLD - SPDR Gold Trust","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: GLD - SPDR Gold Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"GLD - SPDR Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P99_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eric Schmitt's spouse earned income from 2 law-firm payers on 2025 PFD — top: GOLDIE CO LLC Glendale,","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 2 payments to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: GOLDIE CO LLC Glendale, Missouri (Self-Employment Income) · Diversified Structure Solutions LLC St. (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":2,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"GOLDIE CO LLC Glendale, Missouri","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Diversified Structure Solutions LLC St. Louis, Missouri","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P101_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$13,333 disclosed) — top: Broadside Books thru Javelin","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $13,333 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Broadside Books thru Javelin (Other (Partial Advance Payment for Book), $13,333.05).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":13333,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Partial Advance Payment for Book)","payer":"Broadside Books thru Javelin Group, LLC Alexandria, Virginia","amount":"$13,333.05"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_S001227","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Schmitt named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.3M total receipts) — top: MISSOURI SCHMITT VICTORY COMMITTEE 2022","explanation":"Eric Schmitt appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MISSOURI SCHMITT VICTORY COMMITTEE 2022 (C00822601, $1.3M receipts, treasurer PHILLIPS, ROBERT III). Active years: 2, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.28,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00822601","name":"MISSOURI SCHMITT VICTORY COMMITTEE 2022","receipts":1276760,"treasurer":"PHILLIPS, ROBERT III","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00822601/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00822601/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00822601/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P149_S001227","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Schmitt triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Eric Schmitt accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":21}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 PFD shows 3 broad-market index funds (38% of 8 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 of 8 ticker holdings (38%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: SPY, VO, VTI.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":3,"totalTickers":8,"ratio":0.38,"broadTickers":["SPY","VO","VTI"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P161_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Fidelity Advisory Port Class 2025 Age Based Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"Fidelity Advisory Port Class 2025 Age Based Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 28 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 28 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":28,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 PFD initiated 2 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: SPY ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: SPY ($100,001 - $250,000) · VTI ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"SPY","asset":"SPY - SPDR S&P 500","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VTI","asset":"VTI - Total Stock Market ETF Vanguard","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df3f0db2-76df-4b34-88d7-213ec6288ce8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df3f0db2-76df-4b34-88d7-213ec6288ce8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_S001227_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: Diversified Structure Solutions LLC (Salary)","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Salary from Diversified Structure Solutions LLC (> $1,000) · Self: Other (Partial Advance Payment for Book) from Broadside Books thru Javelin ($13,333.05).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Diversified Structure Solutions LLC St. Louis, Missouri","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Partial Advance Payment for Book)","payer":"Broadside Books thru Javelin Group, LLC Alexandria, Virginia","amount":"$13,333.05"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df3f0db2-76df-4b34-88d7-213ec6288ce8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d743fca3-015d-4358-8d6b-8db091141e1a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df3f0db2-76df-4b34-88d7-213ec6288ce8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_MO_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MO delegation: Eric Schmitt & Joshua “Josh” Hawley both flagged on 17 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MO — Eric Schmitt and Joshua “Josh” Hawley — are flagged on the same 17 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P8, P14, P15, P19, P29, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MO","juniorSenatorBid":"H001089","juniorSenatorName":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley","sharedDetectorCount":17,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P14","P15","P19","P29","P36","P57","P62","P74","P90","P93","P95","P109","P160"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001227","https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001089"]},{"id":"P195_S001227","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Schmitt — DW-NOMINATE 0.90 vs MO delegation mean 0.17 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Eric Schmitt's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.90) is 1.7 standard deviations from the MO delegation mean (0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MO","memberScore":0.902,"delegationMean":0.17192307692307693,"zscore":"1.69"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"T000491":[{"id":"P2_T000491_j79lt7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"HOUSE VICTORY PROJECT 2024 gave $307,159 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Derek Tran serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance) and received $307,159 from HOUSE VICTORY PROJECT 2024, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HOUSE VICTORY PROJECT 2024","total":307158.57,"count":3,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["http://tran.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-tran-announces-subcommittees-after-prestigious-appointments-house","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000491","https://www.lcv.org/bio/derek-tran/"]},{"id":"P2_T000491_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Derek Tran serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["http://tran.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-tran-announces-subcommittees-after-prestigious-appointments-house","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000491","https://www.lcv.org/bio/derek-tran/"]},{"id":"P2_T000491_o7bxr4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE AS gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Derek Tran serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["http://tran.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-tran-announces-subcommittees-after-prestigious-appointments-house","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000491","https://www.lcv.org/bio/derek-tran/"]},{"id":"P6_T000491_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,637,415 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HMP (also direct donor)","explanation":"HMP spent $2,637,415 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 22 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"HMP","support":2637414.6399999997,"oppose":0,"events":22},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HMP","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_T000491_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,243,715 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $1,243,715 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1243715.1900000002,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_T000491_tx3a59","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$636,453 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Worker Power PAC","explanation":"Worker Power PAC spent $636,453 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00756569","name":"Worker Power PAC","support":636452.7,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756569/"]},{"id":"P6_T000491_tx4n0p","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$410,206 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Orange County PAC","explanation":"Orange County PAC spent $410,206 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 316 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754192","name":"Orange County PAC","support":410205.57999999984,"oppose":0,"events":316}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754192/"]},{"id":"P9_T000491_vkqotj","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,647 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,647 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":1910.1,"oppose":12557.48,"net":-10647.38,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":9524.3,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":0,"oppose":2899.02,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1499.97,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":400.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":134.16000000000003,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_T000491_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4767 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,824,277 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4767× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,824,277. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4767,"total":1824277,"years":["2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000491_uqz7c6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$119,238 donation spike on 2018-08-03 — 25.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-08-03 this committee recorded $119,238 across 56 contributions — 25.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,652.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00647081","date":"2018-08-03","amount":119238,"count":56,"baseline":4652,"ratio":25.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00647081/"]},{"id":"P15_T000491_a4yibg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,595 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $59,595 across 55 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,323.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00851790","date":"2025-06-30","amount":59595,"count":55,"baseline":8323,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00851790/"]},{"id":"P19_T000491_ber69","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Derek Tran campaign paid $13,020,774 to 106 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Derek Tran's campaign paid 523 disbursements totaling $13,020,774 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOB BAUER PLLC","total":1050000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"BOB BAUER PLLC","amount":150000,"date":"2023-09-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BOB BAUER PLLC","amount":150000,"date":"2023-07-28","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BOB BAUER PLLC","amount":150000,"date":"2023-08-31","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAUER, BRIAN","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BAUER, BRIAN","amount":1000000,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAUER, GARY","total":647200,"count":61,"samples":[{"payee":"BAUER, GARY","amount":28800,"date":"2007-01-07","description":"CONSULTING - POLITCAL FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BAUER, GARY","amount":13750,"date":"2013-10-29","description":"PAC CONSULTING POLITICAL AND ADMIN","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BAUER, GARY","amount":13750,"date":"2013-09-30","description":"CONSULTING POLITICAL AND ADMIN","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P26_T000491_vhbk9d","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Derek Tran's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"COTCHETT, PITRE & MCCARTHY LLP","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Cotchett, Pitre & McCarthy, LLP","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P36_T000491","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Derek Tran has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_T000491_IUPAT_International_Union_of_P_117691","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades) testified before House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Derek Tran sits on House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development, which on 2024-09-25 held a hearing titled \"Avenues to Success: Examining Workforce Training Programs for Employees\". The witness Mr. Frank Stento (IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","eventId":"117691","title":"Avenues to Success: Examining Workforce Training Programs for Employees","date":"2024-09-25T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Frank Stento","witnessOrg":"IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117691"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20TOGETHER%20POLITICAL%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117691","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20TOGETHER%20POLITICAL%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_T000491_United_Association_of_Plumbers_115809","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters testified before House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Derek Tran sits on House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development\". The witness Mr. Erik Elzy (United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","eventId":"115809","title":"Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Erik Elzy","witnessOrg":"United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115809"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115809","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"]},{"id":"P51_T000491_SAVE_AMERICA","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid SAVE AMERICA $126.7M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Derek Tran's campaign committee paid $126,664,763.55 to SAVE AMERICA across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 25333.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"SAVE AMERICA","total":126664763.55,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA"},{"source":"donor","name":"VOTE SAVE AMERICA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P61_T000491","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Derek Tran received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($5,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($5,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_T000491","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $119,238 on 2018-08-03 (25.6× normal)","explanation":"Derek Tran's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $119,238 on 2018-08-03 — 25.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":119238,"maxRatio":25.6,"maxAmount":119238},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-08-03","amount":119238,"ratio":25.6,"baselineDaily":4652,"count":56,"cmteId":"C00647081","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00647081&min_date=2018-08-03&max_date=2018-08-03"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00647081/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00647081&min_date=2018-08-03&max_date=2018-08-03"]},{"id":"P78_T000491","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Derek Tran appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (4); committee pac conflict (3); daily donation spike (2); hearing witness donor (2); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000491","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000605":[{"id":"P2_G000605_pmcqxt","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTER gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Adam Gray serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION, AFL-CIO, CLC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION, AFL-CIO, CLC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Gray","https://www.adamgrayforcongress.com/about","http://gray.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_G000605_nevru8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EXCHANGE CONTRACTORS FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Adam Gray serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from EXCHANGE CONTRACTORS FEDERAL PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EXCHANGE CONTRACTORS FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Gray","https://www.adamgrayforcongress.com/about","http://gray.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_G000605_2l3tve","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Adam Gray serves on committees regulating Energy (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Gray","https://www.adamgrayforcongress.com/about","http://gray.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_G000605_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$937,673 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $937,673 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":937672.77,"oppose":0,"events":7},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION  PAC (F","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_G000605_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$915,002 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $915,002 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":915002.3499999999,"oppose":0,"events":26},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CALIFORNIA HOUSE MAJORITY FUND","total":8333.33}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_G000605_tys09t","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$502,504 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Somos PAC","explanation":"Somos PAC spent $502,504 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00724203","name":"Somos PAC","support":502504.16,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00724203/"]},{"id":"P6_G000605_ufto07","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$337,895 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from KENTUCKY MOVING FORWARD","explanation":"KENTUCKY MOVING FORWARD spent $337,895 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00624064","name":"KENTUCKY MOVING FORWARD","support":337895,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00624064/"]},{"id":"P6_G000605_tx2o0q","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$293,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SD PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"SD PAC spent $293,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00757419","name":"SD PAC","support":293500,"oppose":0,"events":2},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"SD PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00757419/"]},{"id":"P7_G000605_cyj9q5","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,955,827 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,955,827 opposing this member across 185 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4955826.65,"totalSupport":3575402.51,"events":185,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3806420.3400000003},{"name":"CONCERNED AMERICAN VOTERS","oppose":329955},{"name":"America's Liberty PAC","oppose":233912.52},{"name":"Americans United for Values","oppose":215000},{"name":"CAL Freedom PAC (Multi-Candidate Cmte)","oppose":194977.27}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000605_w4x2lt","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,227 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $54,227 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":54227.219999999994,"oppose":0,"net":54227.219999999994,"events":20,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":53157.77,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1069.45,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000605_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3738 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,017,450 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3738× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,017,450. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":3738,"total":2017450,"years":["2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000605_f3z14p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$265,996 donation spike on 2024-03-29 — 14.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-29 this committee recorded $265,996 across 90 contributions — 14.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,888.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00801431","date":"2024-03-29","amount":265996,"count":90,"baseline":17888,"ratio":14.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801431/"]},{"id":"P19_G000605_ds9yfo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adam Gray campaign paid $10,150,677 to 42 surname-matched vendors, top: MUNGER TOLLES OLSON LLP","explanation":"Adam Gray's campaign paid 105 disbursements totaling $10,150,677 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MUNGER TOLLES OLSON LLP","total":1757172.0799999998,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MUNGER TOLLES OLSON LLP","amount":416735.1,"date":"2020-12-31","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MUNGER TOLLES OLSON LLP","amount":200210.85,"date":"2020-12-31","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MUNGER TOLLES OLSON LLP","amount":200000,"date":"2020-12-31","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRAY, JIM","total":1499082.26,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"GRAY, JIM","amount":500000,"date":"2016-11-28","description":"LOAN AMOUNT FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GRAY, JIM","amount":250000,"date":"2018-06-30","description":"LOAN AMOUNT FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GRAY, JIM","amount":250000,"date":"2016-11-28","description":"LOAN AMOUNT FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAPS-OLSON COMPANY","total":1197629.4400000002,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"JAPS-OLSON COMPANY","amount":668901.52,"date":"2016-08-24","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JAPS-OLSON COMPANY","amount":309315.83,"date":"2022-07-29","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JAPS-OLSON COMPANY","amount":129978.69,"date":"2020-08-20","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRAY ROBINSON","total":1003003.75,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","amount":974127.8,"date":"2018-12-03","description":"LEGAL PROCEEDINGS-ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","amount":28875.95,"date":"2019-02-26","description":"LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRAY DAVIS FOR U S SENATE","total":893933,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GRAY DAVIS FOR U S SENATE","amount":893933,"date":"1991-03-14","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1992}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSON & SHUVALOV","total":513889.58,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSON & SHUVALOV","amount":349505.06,"date":"2004-10-19","description":"GENER.PARTY MAILER ABSENTEE SLATE","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"OLSON & SHUVALOV","amount":63242.74,"date":"2006-10-16","description":"ABSENTEE BALLOT SELF-MAILER/ NON CAND.","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"OLSON & SHUVALOV","amount":54032.33,"date":"2006-10-26","description":"PARTY GOTV SELF-MAILER","surnameMatched":"olson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MUNGER%20TOLLES%20OLSON%20LLP"]},{"id":"P29_G000605_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GRAY, Adam voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":42,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":41,"peerNay":1,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":359,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":41,"description":"Pet and Livestock Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000605","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Adam Gray has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_G000605_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Adam Gray sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_G000605_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Adam Gray sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_G000605_International_Union_of_Operati_115298","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49 testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Adam Gray sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.\". The witness Mr. Jason George (International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115298","title":"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason George","witnessOrg":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P51_G000605_SAVE_AMERICA","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid SAVE AMERICA $11.4M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Adam Gray's campaign committee paid $11,449,951.11 to SAVE AMERICA across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 2290.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"SAVE AMERICA","total":11449951.11,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA"},{"source":"donor","name":"VOTE SAVE AMERICA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P58_G000605","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$54K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 98% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Adam Gray received $54,227.22 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($53,157.77 = 98%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":54227.219999999994,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2022":73370.45999999999,"2024":1069.45},"corpCount":8},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":53157.77,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1069.45,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001227/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000605","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,000","explanation":"Adam Gray received campaign contributions totaling $90,000 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); SOUTH ORANGE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":90000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN & PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEMOCRATIC WOMEN OF SOUTH ORANGE COUNTY","ldaClient":"SOUTH ORANGE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000605","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $265,996 on 2024-03-29 (14.9× normal)","explanation":"Adam Gray's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $265,996 on 2024-03-29 — 14.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":265996,"maxRatio":14.9,"maxAmount":265996},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-29","amount":265996,"ratio":14.9,"baselineDaily":17888,"count":90,"cmteId":"C00801431","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00801431&min_date=2024-03-29&max_date=2024-03-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801431/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00801431&min_date=2024-03-29&max_date=2024-03-29"]},{"id":"P78_G000605","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Adam Gray appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (5); committee pac conflict (3); hearing witness donor (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000605","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000605","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adam Gray's campaign paid $2,986,033 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: GRAY, JIM ($1,499,082)","explanation":"Adam Gray's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 18 payments totaling $2,986,033 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GRAY, JIM ($1,499,082 across 6 payments, services: LOAN AMOUNT FORGIVEN). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2986032.5300000003,"paymentCount":18,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GRAY, JIM","total":1499082.26,"count":6,"descriptions":["LOAN AMOUNT FORGIVEN"]},{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","total":1003003.75,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL PROCEEDINGS-ATTORNEYS FEES","LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEYS FEES"]},{"payee":"GRAY OIL COMPANY","total":163644.17,"count":2,"descriptions":["TRANSPORTATION/FUEL"]},{"payee":"BOYDEN GRAY & ASSOCIATES, PLLC","total":146571,"count":3,"descriptions":["RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GRAY MEDIA","total":61230,"count":2,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING"]}],"surname":"gray"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CA13115&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P105_G000605","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Gray named on 1 SEC Schedule 13D/G filing — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"Adam Gray appears as a named filer on 1 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filing (most recent: 2013-02-13, form SC 13G/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":1,"latest":{"fileDate":"2013-02-13","form":"SC 13G/A","displayNames":["MAC-GRAY CORP  (CIK 0001038280)","Coliseum Capital Management, LLC  (CIK 0001409751)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001038280&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1038280/000119312513055329/0001193125-13-055329-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1038280/000119312513055329/0001193125-13-055329-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001038280&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P148_G000605","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Gray's PAC funding concentrates 36% in Technology ($0.04M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Adam Gray's PAC donors concentrate 36% in the Technology industry — $0.04M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.04M · Labor $0.04M · Education $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":35.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.04,"Labor":0.04,"Education":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA13115/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_G000605","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Gray triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Adam Gray accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":18}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"F000468":[{"id":"P2_F000468_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $13,200 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $13,200 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":13200,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_3x1j0p","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_2l3tve","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_93hj1i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_74qico","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"OVINTIV USA INC PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from OVINTIV USA INC PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"OVINTIV USA INC PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_uohmpu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLIT gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE- FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE- FEDERAL","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_uuujsp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T FEDERAL PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T FEDERAL PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_h5chl4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PLAINS ALL AMERICAN GP LLC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PLAINS ALL AMERICAN GP LLC PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PLAINS ALL AMERICAN GP LLC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_3kh1rv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BOARDWALK GP, LLC PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from BOARDWALK GP, LLC PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BOARDWALK GP, LLC PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_40lnh0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COTERRA ENERGY INC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COTERRA ENERGY INC PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COTERRA ENERGY INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_avomnj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION-MOBIL POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION-MOBIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION-MOBIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_9k7imd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BOARDWALK GP, LLC PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from BOARDWALK GP, LLC PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE (BOARDWALK PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BOARDWALK GP, LLC PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE (BOARDWALK PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_rk4ejd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTI gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_15o1ma","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS PARTNERS, LP PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS PARTNERS, LP PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS PARTNERS, LP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_udem4r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_tiry5i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UPSPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UPSPAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UPSPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_guymmh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PHILLIPS 66 PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PHILLIPS 66 PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PHILLIPS 66 PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_vxzxow","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTA PAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_4vauaz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIA gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION (NATCA) PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION (NATCA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_dtfes7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LIQUID ENERGY PIPELINE ASSOCIATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from LIQUID ENERGY PIPELINE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LIQUID ENERGY PIPELINE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P2_F000468_ofwfen","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HESS PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HESS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000468","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lizzie-fletcher-F000468/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher"]},{"id":"P6_F000468_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,317,424 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $1,317,424 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":1317423.96,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P7_F000468_ud256o","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,437,648 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,437,648 opposing this member across 371 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2437648.4199999995,"totalSupport":1901286.1199999976,"events":371,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1682822.49},{"name":"WOMEN SPEAK OUT PAC","oppose":384765.86},{"name":"VALOR AMERICA","oppose":128135},{"name":"NATIONAL HORIZON","oppose":113623.75},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","oppose":101953.82}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_F000468_vu0kh6","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$40,427 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $40,427 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":40426.81,"oppose":0,"net":40426.81,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":40426.81,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004569","name":"HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_F000468_78f34t","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $473,548 / spent $325,163","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00765198","cmteName":"LEADING PEOPLE FORWARD PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":159479.2,"totalDisbursements":120307,"cashOnHand":39172.19},{"cmteId":"C00765198","cmteName":"LEADING PEOPLE FORWARD PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":197568.4,"totalDisbursements":164118.5,"cashOnHand":72622.09},{"cmteId":"C00765198","cmteName":"LEADING PEOPLE FORWARD PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":116500,"totalDisbursements":40737.4,"cashOnHand":148384.74}],"totalRaised":473547.6,"totalSpent":325162.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_F000468_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7394 employees of N/A gave $3,570,414 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7394× N/A = $3,570,414; 2268× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,430,589. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":7394,"total":3570414,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":2268,"total":1430589,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000468_vhr7qe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$142,600 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $142,600 across 107 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,593.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640045","date":"2021-09-30","amount":142600,"count":107,"baseline":14593,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640045/"]},{"id":"P15_F000468_ouwn24","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,298 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $125,298 across 130 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,568.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640045","date":"2020-06-30","amount":125298,"count":130,"baseline":14568,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640045/"]},{"id":"P15_F000468_vhv1o6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,810 donation spike on 2021-03-29 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-29 this committee recorded $93,810 across 41 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,760.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640045","date":"2021-03-29","amount":93810,"count":41,"baseline":14760,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640045/"]},{"id":"P15_F000468_ouuq3k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,567 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $85,567 across 67 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,200.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640045","date":"2020-03-31","amount":85567,"count":67,"baseline":9200,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640045/"]},{"id":"P15_F000468_dxbgzh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,767 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $74,767 across 79 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,944.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640045","date":"2019-09-30","amount":74767,"count":79,"baseline":8944,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640045/"]},{"id":"P15_F000468_dxfaz5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,800 donation spike on 2019-03-03 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-03 this committee recorded $60,800 across 22 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,669.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640045","date":"2019-03-03","amount":60800,"count":22,"baseline":7669,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640045/"]},{"id":"P15_F000468_rqy3l0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,900 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $54,900 across 57 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,847.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640045","date":"2017-06-30","amount":54900,"count":57,"baseline":7847,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640045/"]},{"id":"P19_F000468_g1dh0","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lizzie Fletcher campaign paid $75,868,437 to 86 surname-matched vendors, top: UNITED CENTER","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher's campaign paid 268 disbursements totaling $75,868,437 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"UNITED CENTER","total":14887087.02,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"UNITED CENTER","amount":2500000,"date":"2024-05-01","description":"FACILITY LICENSE FEE","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"UNITED CENTER","amount":2500000,"date":"2024-04-01","description":"FACILITY LICENSE FEE","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"UNITED CENTER","amount":2000000,"date":"2024-03-01","description":"FACILITY LICENSE FEE","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEOPLE CENTER, INC. (RIPPLING)","total":9353028.709999999,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"PEOPLE CENTER, INC. (RIPPLING)","amount":1509220.55,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"SEE PEOPLE CENTER 12/19D MEMO ENTRIES","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"PEOPLE CENTER, INC. (RIPPLING)","amount":485495.14,"date":"2025-12-05","description":"SEE PEOPLE CENTER 12/05B MEMO ENTRIES","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"PEOPLE CENTER, INC. (RIPPLING)","amount":472976.51,"date":"2026-01-16","description":"SEE PEOPLE CENTER 01/16A MEMO ENTRIES","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEPSI CENTER","total":5592858,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PEPSI CENTER","amount":2796429,"date":"2008-02-28","description":"SITE/EVENT RENTALS","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"PEPSI CENTER","amount":1796429,"date":"2008-06-13","description":"SITE/EVENT RENTALS","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"PEPSI CENTER","amount":1000000,"date":"2008-06-09","description":"SITE/EVENT RENTALS","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CENTER FOR VOTER INFORMATION","total":4820120.7,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"CENTER FOR VOTER INFORMATION","amount":2500000,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CENTER FOR VOTER INFORMATION","amount":636468,"date":"2018-10-26","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CENTER FOR VOTER INFORMATION","amount":588507.19,"date":"2018-08-16","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WISCONSIN CENTER DISTRICT","total":4131807.85,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"WISCONSIN CENTER DISTRICT","amount":1200000,"date":"2023-12-15","description":"FACILITY RENTAL","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WISCONSIN CENTER DISTRICT","amount":937116,"date":"2024-06-01","description":"EVENT EXPENSE FOOD & BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WISCONSIN CENTER DISTRICT","amount":600000,"date":"2020-07-17","description":"FACILITY RENTAL","surnameMatched":"center","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLETCHER ROWLEY CHAO RIDDLE, INC.","total":2208076.78,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"FLETCHER ROWLEY CHAO RIDDLE, INC.","amount":300000,"date":"2008-09-30","description":"MEDIA TIME BUY","surnameMatched":"fletcher","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FLETCHER ROWLEY CHAO RIDDLE, INC.","amount":270000,"date":"2008-08-20","description":"MEDIA TIME BUY","surnameMatched":"fletcher","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FLETCHER ROWLEY CHAO RIDDLE, INC.","amount":200000,"date":"2006-11-01","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"fletcher","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=UNITED%20CENTER"]},{"id":"P20_F000468_1dv0","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2019-07-09","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_F000468_Leadership","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of PAC dollars ($560,119) come from Leadership industry","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Leadership issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Leadership","amount":560118.99,"share":62.8,"totalPAC":891369.0700000001,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":560118.99,"share":62.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":90000,"share":10.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":43650.08,"share":4.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":30000,"share":3.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_F000468_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FLETCHER, Elizabeth voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":3,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":2,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_F000468","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"49% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 7.5× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 101 disclosed trades, 49 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 7.5× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":49,"total":101,"rate":48.5},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":7.53}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_F000468_ufs83o","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE COMMITTEE both supported ($10,000) and opposed ($20,000) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Lizzie Fletcher advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00626861","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE COMMITTEE","support":10000,"oppose":20000,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00626861/"]},{"id":"P36_F000468","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 39 total findings","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":39,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_F000468_UNH_20190801","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in UNH 23 days before FTC action","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher sold UNH within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2019-08-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Imposing Conditions on UnitedHealth Group’s Proposed Acquisition of DaVita Medical Group","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/08/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-unitedhealth-groups-proposed-acquisition-davita-medical"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-09","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/08/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-unitedhealth-groups-proposed-acquisition-davita-medical"]},{"id":"P47_F000468_West_Virginians_for_Affordable_118890","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"West Virginians for Affordable Health Care testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2026-01-22 held a hearing titled \"Lowering Health Care Costs for All Americans: An Examination of Health Insurance Affordability\". The witness Ms. Ellen Allen (West Virginians for Affordable Health Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118890","title":"Lowering Health Care Costs for All Americans: An Examination of Health Insurance Affordability","date":"2026-01-22T14:45:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ellen Allen","witnessOrg":"West Virginians for Affordable Health Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118890"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118890","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000468_NCTA_The_Internet_and_Televisi_117838","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTA-The Internet and Television Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2025-01-23 held a hearing titled \"Strengthening American Leadership in Wireless Technology\". The witness Michael Powell (NCTA-The Internet and Television Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"117838","title":"Strengthening American Leadership in Wireless Technology","date":"2025-01-23T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Powell","witnessOrg":"NCTA-The Internet and Television Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117838"},{"source":"donor","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20AND%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCTA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117838","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20AND%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCTA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_F000468_Auto_Care_Association_118816","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Auto Care Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2026-01-13 held a hearing titled \"Examining Legislative Options to Strengthen Motor Vehicle Safety, Ensure Consumer Choice and Affordability, and Cement U…\". The witness Mr. Bill Hanvey (Auto Care Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"118816","title":"Examining Legislative Options to Strengthen Motor Vehicle Safety, Ensure Consumer Choice and Affordability, and Cement U.S. Automotive Leadership.","date":"2026-01-13T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Bill Hanvey","witnessOrg":"Auto Care Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118816"},{"source":"donor","name":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AUTO%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118816","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AUTO%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000468_NCTA_The_Internet_and_Televisi_115463","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTA—The Internet and Television Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-03-10 held a hearing titled \"Defending America’s Wireless Leadership\". The witness James Assey (NCTA—The Internet and Television Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115463","title":"Defending America’s Wireless Leadership","date":"2023-03-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"James Assey","witnessOrg":"NCTA—The Internet and Television Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115463"},{"source":"donor","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20AND%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCTA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115463","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20AND%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCTA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_F000468_Health_Care_Cost_Institute_116777","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Health Care Cost Institute testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2024-01-31 held a hearing titled \"Health Care Spending in the United States: Unsustainable for Patients, Employers, and Taxpayers\". The witness Ms. Katie Martin, MPA (Health Care Cost Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116777","title":"Health Care Spending in the United States: Unsustainable for Patients, Employers, and Taxpayers","date":"2024-01-31T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Katie Martin, MPA","witnessOrg":"Health Care Cost Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116777"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116777","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P49_F000468_2019-05-17_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TMO 14 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher delivered a 252-word floor speech on 2019-05-17 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of the women of this country, for their health and for their rights. In this Congress, in this House, we have worked to ensure women’s access to healthcare, to pro…\"). The member sell $TMO (a Healthcare-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-05-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":252,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of the women of this country, for their health and for their rights. In this Congress, in this House, we have worked to ensure women’s access to healthcare, to pro","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/17/CREC-2019-05-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/17/CREC-2019-05-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_F000468_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher executed 1 reported trade in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-09"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_F000468_FDX","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $FDX — FEDEX's PAC also donated $3,500","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher executed 2 reported trades in $FDX (FEDEX). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"FEDEX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","parent":"FEDEX","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"FEDEX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"FEDEX","total":3500,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=FEDEX%20CORPORATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=FEDEX%20CORPORATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_F000468","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $190,400","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher received campaign contributions totaling $190,400 from 30 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 30 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,800); SEMPRA ENERGY ($10,000); REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION ($10,000); CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP ($10,000); COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":30,"totalDollars":190400,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15800,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","ldaClient":"SEMPRA ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","ldaClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE- FEDERAL","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_F000468_2019-02-26","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"33 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2019-02-26 — 33 unique tickers","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher executed 33 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2019-02-26 to 2019-02-26), spanning 33 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2019-02-26","windowEnd":"2019-02-26","tradeCount":33,"uniqueTickers":33,"totalDisclosedTrades":101,"sampleTickers":["HRL","WBA","CLX","TSCO","ANTM","ATR","TSS","BDX","SHW","INTU"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_F000468","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 51 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 51 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (21); daily donation spike (7); hearing witness donor (5); corporate pac ticker trade (2); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":51,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":21},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":5},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000468","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_F000468","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lizzie Fletcher's campaign paid $4,445,318 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: FLETCHER ROWLEY RIDDLE ($899,376)","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $4,445,318 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FLETCHER ROWLEY RIDDLE ($899,376 across 2 payments, services: MEDIA BUYS). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":4445317.93,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FLETCHER ROWLEY RIDDLE","total":899375.8200000001,"count":2,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUYS"]},{"payee":"FLETCHER, ROWLEY, RIDDLE","total":847979.27,"count":6,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"FLETCHER,ROWLEY,CHAO,RIDDLE","total":587774.25,"count":5,"descriptions":["TV /RADIO AIR TIME BUY 10/3- 10/10","TV AIR TIME BUY 9/15 - 9/18","TV /RADIO AIR TIME BUY 10/20- 10/23"]},{"payee":"ROWLEY, FLETCHER","total":500000,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"FLETCHER RIDGE & COMPANY","total":427037.19,"count":3,"descriptions":["MEDIA","CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","MEDIA BUY"]}],"surname":"fletcher"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8TX07140&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_F000468","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lizzie Fletcher named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.4M total receipts) — top: FRIENDS OF LIZZIE FLETCHER","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: FRIENDS OF LIZZIE FLETCHER (C00815621, $1.4M receipts, treasurer EVANS, DIANE). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.41,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00815621","name":"FRIENDS OF LIZZIE FLETCHER","receipts":1409965,"treasurer":"EVANS, DIANE","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815621/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815621/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00815621/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P141_F000468","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lizzie Fletcher executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY ROP (19d apart)","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY ROP 2019-02-07 → 2019-02-26 (19d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"ROP","days":19,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-02-07","date2":"2019-02-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_F000468","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lizzie Fletcher triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_F000468_2019-02-26","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lizzie Fletcher — 33 trades on 2019-02-26","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher disclosed 33 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2019-02-26). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2019-02-26","count":33}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_F000468","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lizzie Fletcher — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (101/101)","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":101,"atBracket":101,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_F000468","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lizzie Fletcher — 46 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Lizzie Fletcher has traded 46 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":46,"sample":["COST","ROP","BDX","TJX","MMM","TMO","FISV","CACI","DLTR","WM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001199":[{"id":"P2_M001199_y2iyri","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC. gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Brian Mast serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION C, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION C","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Veterans Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/brian-mast/other-data?cycle=2024","https://mast.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Mast"]},{"id":"P2_M001199_lz3sap","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHROMALLOY GAS TURBINE CORPORATION POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Brian Mast serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from CHROMALLOY GAS TURBINE CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHROMALLOY GAS TURBINE CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Veterans Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/brian-mast/other-data?cycle=2024","https://mast.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Mast"]},{"id":"P6_M001199_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$819,191 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $819,191 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":819190.94,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P6_M001199_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$713,813 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NRCC","explanation":"NRCC spent $713,813 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NRCC","support":713813.1699999999,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P6_M001199_tzcy74","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$280,691 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN VETERANS INITIATIVE DBA NATIONA","explanation":"AMERICAN VETERANS INITIATIVE DBA NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR AMERICAN VETERANS spent $280,691 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 488 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00712885","name":"AMERICAN VETERANS INITIATIVE DBA NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR AMERICAN VETERANS","support":280691.0800000002,"oppose":0,"events":488}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00712885/"]},{"id":"P7_M001199_uy4gzv","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,425,079 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,425,079 opposing this member across 968 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1425078.8699999996,"totalSupport":2633985.84,"events":968,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":560681.58},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":308110},{"name":"CHANGE NOW","oppose":219598.21999999997},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":151268.83999999997},{"name":"AMERICA'S FUTURE MAJORITY FUND","oppose":87722.35}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001199_r3p3lg","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,453 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,453 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10452.829999999998,"oppose":0,"net":10452.829999999998,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":7943.179999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1865.69,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004361","name":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS ","support":643.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001199_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"57427 employees of NONE gave $5,418,183 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 57427× NONE = $5,418,183. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":57427,"total":5418183,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001199_4smap4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,416 donation spike on 2018-03-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-30 this committee recorded $71,416 across 62 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,093.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00632257","date":"2018-03-30","amount":71416,"count":62,"baseline":8093,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632257/"]},{"id":"P15_M001199_gkzrcz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,561 donation spike on 2022-04-22 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-04-22 this committee recorded $55,561 across 93 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,882.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00632257","date":"2022-04-22","amount":55561,"count":93,"baseline":5882,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632257/"]},{"id":"P17_M001199_KHC_2019-09-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-09-11 and 2019-09-11, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2019-09-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001199","name":"Brian Mast"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2019-09-11 to 2019-09-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001199_MO_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-04, 3 members took the same direction on MO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","date":"2019-01-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"M001199","name":"Brian Mast"},{"bioguideId":"P000034","name":"Frank Pallone"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001199_BTI_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BTI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on BTI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BTI","date":"2019-01-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BTI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"M001199","name":"Brian Mast"},{"bioguideId":"M001205","name":"Carol Miller"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001199_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Brian Mast executed 3 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2024-03-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$350.78"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2020-02-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2020-01-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Framework Adjustments to Northeast Multispecies, Atlantic Sea Scallop, Monk","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-02-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Connect America Fund; Correction","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2020-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001199_48d73w","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brian Mast campaign paid $956,161 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","explanation":"Brian Mast's campaign paid 177 disbursements totaling $956,161 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RIESCO AND COMPANY, LLC","total":87445,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"RIESCO AND COMPANY, LLC","amount":18500,"date":"2016-12-09","description":"ACCOUNTING AND FILING FEES","surnameMatched":"riesco","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"RIESCO AND COMPANY, LLC","amount":9850,"date":"2016-02-18","description":"FINANCIAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"riesco","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"RIESCO AND COMPANY, LLC","amount":9465,"date":"2016-08-25","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"riesco","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RIESCO AND COMPANY LLC","total":56577,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"RIESCO AND COMPANY LLC","amount":7875,"date":"2021-02-25","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"riesco","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RIESCO AND COMPANY LLC","amount":6250,"date":"2019-08-08","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"riesco","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RIESCO AND COMPANY LLC","amount":5800,"date":"2022-12-31","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"riesco","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","total":44000,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":10000,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"NONFEDERAL: CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2017-09-06","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-08","description":"VA STATE LEVEL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","total":42500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-06-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":5000,"date":"2006-03-15","description":"CONSULTING - POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VIRGINIANS%20FOR%20JERRY%20KILGORE"]},{"id":"P25_M001199_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of PAC dollars ($1,002,300) come from Party industry","explanation":"Brian Mast receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1002299.54,"share":81.4,"totalPAC":1231050.54,"pacCount":13},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1002299.54,"share":81.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":188751,"share":15.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Defense","amount":15000,"share":1.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":10000,"share":0.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001199","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"10% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 1.5× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 81 disclosed trades, 8 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 1.5× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":8,"total":81,"rate":9.9},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":1.53}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001199","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Brian Mast has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001199_UBER_20200207","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UBER 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast sell $UBER 1 day after a corporate insider (Camp Garrett  (CIK 0001775382)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Camp Garrett  (CIK 0001775382)","filingDate":"2020-02-06","adsh":"0001562180-20-000993","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001199_UBER_20200121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UBER 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast sell $UBER 5 days after a corporate insider (Pham Thuan  (CIK 0001775373)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Pham Thuan  (CIK 0001775373)","filingDate":"2020-01-16","adsh":"0001562180-20-000401","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_AMZN_20240304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$350.78","tradeDate":"2024-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2024-03-05","adsh":"0001018724-24-000050"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_TLRY_20210503","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TLRY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast buy $TLRY 1 day before a corporate insider (ROBB WALTER E IV  (CIK 0001202538)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TLRY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TLRY","filer":"ROBB WALTER E IV  (CIK 0001202538)","filingDate":"2021-05-04","adsh":"0001140361-21-015807"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_UBER_20200121","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UBER 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast sell $UBER 2 days before a corporate insider (Camp Garrett  (CIK 0001775382)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Camp Garrett  (CIK 0001775382)","filingDate":"2020-01-23","adsh":"0001562180-20-000507"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_SPCE_20210719","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SPCE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast buy $SPCE 2 days before a corporate insider (Colglazier Michael A  (CIK 0001817756)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPCE","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPCE","filer":"Colglazier Michael A  (CIK 0001817756)","filingDate":"2021-07-21","adsh":"0001706946-21-000094"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_RXT_20200901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RXT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast sell $RXT 2 days before a corporate insider (Stoyka Matthew M.  (CIK 0001815198)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RXT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RXT","filer":"Stoyka Matthew M.  (CIK 0001815198)","filingDate":"2020-09-03","adsh":"0001810019-20-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_UBER_20200207","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UBER 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast sell $UBER 4 days before a corporate insider (Pham Thuan  (CIK 0001775373)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"Pham Thuan  (CIK 0001775373)","filingDate":"2020-02-11","adsh":"0001562180-20-001088"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_SPCE_20220418","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SPCE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast sell $SPCE 4 days before a corporate insider (Colglazier Michael A  (CIK 0001817756)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPCE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPCE","filer":"Colglazier Michael A  (CIK 0001817756)","filingDate":"2022-04-22","adsh":"0001706946-22-000055"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_TLRY_20201106","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TLRY 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast buy $TLRY 4 days before a corporate insider (St.Clare Christine  (CIK 0001570393)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TLRY","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TLRY","filer":"St.Clare Christine  (CIK 0001570393)","filingDate":"2020-11-10","adsh":"0001209191-20-057774"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_SDC_20220418","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SDC 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast sell $SDC 4 days before a corporate insider (Fenkell Alexander J.  (CIK 0001785551)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SDC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SDC","filer":"Fenkell Alexander J.  (CIK 0001785551)","filingDate":"2022-04-22","adsh":"0001775625-22-000033"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001199_TLRY_20210210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TLRY 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Brian Mast sell $TLRY 6 days before a corporate insider (Kennedy Brendan  (CIK 0001746070)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TLRY","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TLRY","filer":"Kennedy Brendan  (CIK 0001746070)","filingDate":"2021-02-16","adsh":"0001209191-21-011024"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_M001199","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $213,751","explanation":"Brian Mast received campaign contributions totaling $213,751 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($172,751); KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS ($10,000); COASTAL 150 (COASTAL ALABAMA LEADERSHIP COUNCIL) ( ($6,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); DOCUMENT STORAGE SYSTEMS, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":213751,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":172751,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION C","ldaClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HISPANIC LEADERSHIP TRUST PARTNERSHIP","ldaClient":"COASTAL 150 (COASTAL ALABAMA LEADERSHIP COUNCIL) (FKA COASTAL AL PARTNERSHIP)","donorTotal":6000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC (NADAPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DOCUMENT STORAGE SYSTEMS INC. (DSS PAC)","ldaClient":"DOCUMENT STORAGE SYSTEMS, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_M001199","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Brian Mast appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (10); ie support concentration (3); coordinated trade cluster (3); committee pac conflict (2); daily donation spike (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":2},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001199","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_M001199","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Mast named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Brian Mast appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Brian Mast","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-brain/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-brain/"]},{"id":"P109_M001199","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Mast named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.4M total receipts) — top: MAST VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Brian Mast appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MAST VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00583161, $5.4M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.36,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00583161","name":"MAST VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":5356375.76,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00583161/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00583161/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00583161/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P141_M001199","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brian Mast executed 10 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL TLRY (17d apart)","explanation":"Brian Mast has 10 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL TLRY 2019-01-18 → 2019-02-04 (17d) · BUY→SELL RXT 2020-08-18 → 2020-09-01 (14d) · BUY→SELL WBA 2019-08-14 → 2019-09-09 (26d) · BUY→SELL KHC 2019-08-14 → 2019-09-11 (28d) · SELL→BUY EXPE 2019-01-25 → 2019-01-29 (4d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":10,"samples":[{"ticker":"TLRY","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-01-18","date2":"2019-02-04","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"RXT","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-18","date2":"2020-09-01","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"WBA","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-08-14","date2":"2019-09-09","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"KHC","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-08-14","date2":"2019-09-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"EXPE","days":4,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-01-25","date2":"2019-01-29","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"EXPE","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-01-29","date2":"2019-02-28","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MO","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-01-24","date2":"2019-01-30","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"UBS","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-01-15","date2":"2019-01-25","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001199","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Mast triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Brian Mast accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_M001199","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Mast — 96% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (78/81)","explanation":"Brian Mast's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 96% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":81,"atBracket":78,"pct":"96.3"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001199","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Mast — 33 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Brian Mast has traded 33 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":33,"sample":["T","AMZN","SPCE","UGRO","TLRY","IWM","SDC","ESGC","AMTX","APHA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000607":[{"id":"P2_L000607_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Liccardo serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://liccardo.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-sam-liccardo-appointed-house-committee-financial-services","http://liccardo.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Liccardo"]},{"id":"P2_L000607_yu8x1k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Liccardo serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://liccardo.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-sam-liccardo-appointed-house-committee-financial-services","http://liccardo.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Liccardo"]},{"id":"P2_L000607_rxb6qe","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"LINMAX TRADING & INVESTMENT COMPANY gave $4,072 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Liccardo serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,072 from LINMAX TRADING & INVESTMENT COMPANY, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LINMAX TRADING & INVESTMENT COMPANY","total":4072,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://liccardo.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-sam-liccardo-appointed-house-committee-financial-services","http://liccardo.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Liccardo"]},{"id":"P2_L000607_20t87q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"MARIAN T. BOWERS FAMILY PARTNERSHIP LP gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Liccardo serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,000 from MARIAN T. BOWERS FAMILY PARTNERSHIP LP, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MARIAN T. BOWERS FAMILY PARTNERSHIP LP","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://liccardo.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-sam-liccardo-appointed-house-committee-financial-services","http://liccardo.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Liccardo"]},{"id":"P6_L000607_tfigre","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,421,248 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NEIGHBORS FOR RESULTS","explanation":"NEIGHBORS FOR RESULTS spent $2,421,248 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 37 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00865725","name":"NEIGHBORS FOR RESULTS","support":2421248.1599999997,"oppose":0,"events":37}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00865725/"]},{"id":"P6_L000607_vsqm6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$271,062 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CHC BOLD PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"CHC BOLD PAC spent $271,062 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00365536","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","support":271062.23,"oppose":0,"events":1},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00365536/"]},{"id":"P10_L000607_7rthi9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $479,301 / spent $290,281","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00892901","cmteName":"INNOVATION FOR GOOD PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":22500,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":22500},{"cmteId":"C00892901","cmteName":"INNOVATION FOR GOOD PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":456801.2,"totalDisbursements":290281.2,"cashOnHand":189020}],"totalRaised":479301.2,"totalSpent":290281.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000607_kxkzuz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"77% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $7,333,384 in itemized individual contributions, $5,680,098 (77%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7333384,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-170085,"$200.01-$499":154231,"$500-$999":410799,"$1000-$1999":1258341,"$2000 and over":5680098},"megaShare":77.5,"smallDonorShare":-2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_L000607_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1232 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,961,440 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 1232× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,961,440. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":1232,"total":1961440,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000607_pg8gq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$210,250 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 15.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $210,250 across 81 contributions — 15.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,397.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00858688","date":"2025-09-30","amount":210250,"count":81,"baseline":13397,"ratio":15.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/"]},{"id":"P15_L000607_dyy1rb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$201,726 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $201,726 across 152 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $27,969.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00858688","date":"2024-09-30","amount":201726,"count":152,"baseline":27969,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/"]},{"id":"P15_L000607_dyzyqn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$154,550 donation spike on 2024-06-24 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-24 this committee recorded $154,550 across 91 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,108.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00858688","date":"2024-06-24","amount":154550,"count":91,"baseline":22108,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/"]},{"id":"P15_L000607_pcejl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$144,600 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $144,600 across 80 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,536.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00858688","date":"2025-03-31","amount":144600,"count":80,"baseline":14536,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/"]},{"id":"P15_L000607_dyy1tn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$128,153 donation spike on 2024-09-09 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-09 this committee recorded $128,153 across 91 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,576.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00858688","date":"2024-09-09","amount":128153,"count":91,"baseline":13576,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/"]},{"id":"P15_L000607_dyy1sv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$119,950 donation spike on 2024-09-16 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-16 this committee recorded $119,950 across 68 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,857.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00858688","date":"2024-09-16","amount":119950,"count":68,"baseline":15857,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/"]},{"id":"P15_L000607_pebi5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,450 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $95,450 across 58 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,638.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00858688","date":"2025-06-30","amount":95450,"count":58,"baseline":8638,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/"]},{"id":"P15_L000607_dyy1tu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,075 donation spike on 2024-09-02 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-02 this committee recorded $95,075 across 54 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,460.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00858688","date":"2024-09-02","amount":95075,"count":54,"baseline":9460,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/"]},{"id":"P19_L000607_wriuvr","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sam Liccardo campaign paid $50,410 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: NISSEN, BRIAN","explanation":"Sam Liccardo's campaign paid 39 disbursements totaling $50,410 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BRIAN","total":35440.66,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2016-07-27","description":"ENTERTAINMENT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":4048.9,"date":"2018-02-22","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":3924.65,"date":"2018-02-14","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, DAVID","total":6400,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2019-08-20","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":1000,"date":"1996-05-07","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BOONE","total":2460.14,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":670.89,"date":"2020-03-15","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":665,"date":"2016-06-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":545.75,"date":"2016-04-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, SPENCER","total":1200,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-04-12","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-08-20","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-07-17","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, STEVEN","total":1000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, STEVEN","amount":1000,"date":"2020-07-21","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, MARIAN","total":1000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, MARIAN","amount":500,"date":"2021-02-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NISSEN, MARIAN","amount":500,"date":"2021-02-10","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NISSEN"]},{"id":"P36_L000607","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"Sam Liccardo has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_L000607_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sam Liccardo sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_L000607_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sam Liccardo sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_L000607_America_s_Credit_Unions_ACU__118324","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"America's Credit Unions (ACU) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sam Liccardo sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\". The witness Mr. Andrew Morris (America's Credit Unions (ACU)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andrew Morris","witnessOrg":"America's Credit Unions (ACU)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_L000607_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sam Liccardo sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P61_L000607","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $41,600","explanation":"Sam Liccardo received campaign contributions totaling $41,600 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD EN ($10,000); CARLOS GHOSN BICHARA ($6,600); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE COMPANY ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":41600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE CO.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BICHARA, ANTHONY GHOSN","ldaClient":"CARLOS GHOSN BICHARA","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000607","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $210,250 on 2025-09-30 (15.7× normal)","explanation":"Sam Liccardo's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $210,250 on 2025-09-30 — 15.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":400775,"maxRatio":15.7,"maxAmount":210250},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":210250,"ratio":15.7,"baselineDaily":13397,"count":81,"cmteId":"C00858688","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00858688&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":95450,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":8638,"count":58,"cmteId":"C00858688","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00858688&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-09-02","amount":95075,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":9460,"count":54,"cmteId":"C00858688","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00858688&min_date=2024-09-02&max_date=2024-09-02"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858688/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00858688&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"]},{"id":"P78_L000607","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 25 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Sam Liccardo appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 25 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (8); committee pac conflict (4); hearing witness donor (4); ie support concentration (2); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":25,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000607","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_L000607","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Liccardo named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.7M total receipts) — top: LICCARDO VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Sam Liccardo appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: LICCARDO VICTORY FUND (C00893230, $1.7M receipts, treasurer NISSEN, MELISSA). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.73,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00893230","name":"LICCARDO VICTORY FUND","receipts":1725050,"treasurer":"NISSEN, MELISSA","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00893230/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00893230/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00893230/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"S001215":[{"id":"P2_S001215_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $23,200 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $23,200 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":23200,"count":6,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_wwo1pv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUN gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_mxb2wv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PA gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_69xhqx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNI gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_2td594","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA-COPE P gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA-COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA-COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_2rl97l","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEP gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF TEAMSTERS), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF TEAMSTERS)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_qamlzi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CR gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_x1htu1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $8,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $8,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS PAL, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS PAL","total":8000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_79ibrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_5dc01u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_r46x33","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATI gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Education (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_ltgdde","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_gtpn1f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_uz9t3h","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"QUALCOMM INCORPORATED POLITICAL ACTION C gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from QUALCOMM INCORPORATED POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (QPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"QUALCOMM INCORPORATED POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (QPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_2pp4i7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_d6k47w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ONWARD TOGETHER COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from ONWARD TOGETHER COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ONWARD TOGETHER COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001215_ah8xiw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLI gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Haley Stevens serves on committees regulating Labor (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space & Technology","Science, Space & Technology","Education & Labor","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/haley-stevens","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001215","http://stevens.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_thnv9s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$64,120,616 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SFA Fund, Inc","explanation":"SFA Fund, Inc spent $64,120,616 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 314 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00828061","name":"SFA Fund, Inc","support":64120616.43999998,"oppose":0,"events":314}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00828061/"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$35,166,241 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $35,166,241 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 297 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":35166241.34,"oppose":0,"events":297}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,210,666 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $5,210,666 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":5210666.379999999,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_tuuali","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,878,030 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","explanation":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP) spent $3,878,030 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00799031","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":3878030.4600000004,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799031/"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,632,615 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $2,632,615 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":2632614.92,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_tg0f7w","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,897,240 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independents Moving the Needle","explanation":"Independents Moving the Needle spent $1,897,240 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 39 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00858381","name":"Independents Moving the Needle","support":1897240.1400000004,"oppose":0,"events":39}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00858381/"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_d0q5p6","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$857,266 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Defending Democracy Together","explanation":"Defending Democracy Together spent $857,266 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 51 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90019316","name":"Defending Democracy Together","support":857265.5399999999,"oppose":0,"events":51}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90019316/"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$727,403 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $727,403 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":727403.24,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_S001215_uuldh9","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$375,038 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from MI Planned Parenthood Votes","explanation":"MI Planned Parenthood Votes spent $375,038 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00568931","name":"MI Planned Parenthood Votes","support":375038.38999999996,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568931/"]},{"id":"P7_S001215_j6rumz","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $20,840,209 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $20,840,209 opposing this member across 1153 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":20840209.32,"totalSupport":116124384.08999993,"events":1153,"topAttackers":[{"name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","oppose":9898082.02},{"name":"FIGHT RIGHT INC","oppose":9747910.58},{"name":"AMERICA FIRST ACTION, INC.","oppose":891260.1200000001},{"name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","oppose":104262.45},{"name":"GOOD FIGHT","oppose":102695.95999999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001215_g0fsci","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,382 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,382 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SIERRA CLUB.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10382.25,"oppose":0,"net":10382.25,"events":21,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":8508.85,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1533.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001433","name":"MICHIGAN STATE AFL-CIO","support":339.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001215_iurwy","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $541,561 / spent $525,490","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00746735","cmteName":"HMS SCRAP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":45700,"totalDisbursements":25723.9,"cashOnHand":19976.15},{"cmteId":"C00746735","cmteName":"HMS SCRAP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":85075,"totalDisbursements":91527.9,"cashOnHand":13523.23},{"cmteId":"C00746735","cmteName":"HMS SCRAP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":212902.7,"totalDisbursements":223005.5,"cashOnHand":3420.49},{"cmteId":"C00746735","cmteName":"HMS SCRAP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":197883.4,"totalDisbursements":185232.7,"cashOnHand":16071.22}],"totalRaised":541561.1,"totalSpent":525490}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001215_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10635 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,283,570 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 10635× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,283,570; 4019× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,419,302. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":10635,"total":3283570,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4019,"total":1419302,"years":["2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001215_1pcs08","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,060 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $55,060 across 48 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,991.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00638650","date":"2021-03-31","amount":55060,"count":48,"baseline":7991,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638650/"]},{"id":"P15_S001215_cz0882","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,245 donation spike on 2022-01-27 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-01-27 this committee recorded $53,245 across 42 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,848.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00638650","date":"2022-01-27","amount":53245,"count":42,"baseline":8848,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638650/"]},{"id":"P15_S001215_dhobst","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,839 donation spike on 2017-05-04 — 14.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-05-04 this committee recorded $52,839 across 83 contributions — 14.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,691.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00638650","date":"2017-05-04","amount":52839,"count":83,"baseline":3691,"ratio":14.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638650/"]},{"id":"P15_S001215_utscor","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$206,350 donation spike on 2025-12-01 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-01 this committee recorded $206,350 across 115 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,121.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903039","date":"2025-12-01","amount":206350,"count":115,"baseline":17121,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903039/"]},{"id":"P15_S001215_utscno","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,096 donation spike on 2025-12-19 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-19 this committee recorded $148,096 across 113 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,479.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903039","date":"2025-12-19","amount":148096,"count":113,"baseline":24479,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903039/"]},{"id":"P15_S001215_uu9l9g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$105,090 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $105,090 across 64 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,581.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903039","date":"2025-06-30","amount":105090,"count":64,"baseline":16581,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903039/"]},{"id":"P15_S001215_uu7odc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,095 donation spike on 2025-09-04 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-04 this committee recorded $93,095 across 74 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,527.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903039","date":"2025-09-04","amount":93095,"count":74,"baseline":15527,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903039/"]},{"id":"P15_S001215_uu8bb2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,697 donation spike on 2025-08-27 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-27 this committee recorded $88,697 across 82 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,875.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903039","date":"2025-08-27","amount":88697,"count":82,"baseline":13875,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903039/"]},{"id":"P19_S001215_pxgl5i","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Haley Stevens campaign paid $43,786,425 to 58 surname-matched vendors, top: STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","explanation":"Haley Stevens's campaign paid 229 disbursements totaling $43,786,425 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","total":19405442.61,"count":46,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","amount":1108664,"date":"2006-10-30","description":"MEDIA COSTS","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","amount":923615,"date":"2006-09-29","description":"MEDIA COSTS","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","amount":915055,"date":"2006-09-21","description":"MEDIA COSTS","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","total":8777721,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","amount":1528500,"date":"2006-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","amount":1038525,"date":"2006-10-12","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","amount":952580,"date":"2006-10-19","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE STEVENS AND SCHRIEFER GROUP-M","total":4067323,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"THE STEVENS AND SCHRIEFER GROUP-M","amount":1362054,"date":"2010-09-02","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THE STEVENS AND SCHRIEFER GROUP-M","amount":1288945,"date":"2010-10-15","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THE STEVENS AND SCHRIEFER GROUP-M","amount":680000,"date":"2010-09-30","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE STEVENS & SCHRIEFER GROUP MEDIA INC","total":2334252,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE STEVENS & SCHRIEFER GROUP MEDIA INC","amount":2334252,"date":"2006-09-14","description":"ADVANCE TV/RADIO PRODUCTION COSTS (SEE M","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE STEVENS & SCHRIEFER GROUP","total":2325616,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"THE STEVENS & SCHRIEFER GROUP","amount":633805,"date":"2008-08-27","description":"","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THE STEVENS & SCHRIEFER GROUP","amount":462266,"date":"2004-09-20","description":"ADVANCE TV/RADIO PRODUCTION COSTS (SEE M","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"THE STEVENS & SCHRIEFER GROUP","amount":461205,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","total":1918085,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","amount":526360,"date":"2008-10-24","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","amount":395360,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","amount":288736,"date":"2006-10-26","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"stevens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=STEVENS%20REED%20CURCIO%20%26%20POTHOLM"]},{"id":"P31_S001215_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Outside groups spent $116,124,384 supporting member — 5.8× their own $19,885,543 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 5.8×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":116124384.08999993,"events":1153},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":19885543},{"source":"ratio","ratio":5.84},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"SFA Fund, Inc","support":64120616.43999998},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":35166241.34},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001215","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 43 total findings","explanation":"Haley Stevens has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":43,"highSeverityCount":12,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_S001215","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $263,000","explanation":"Haley Stevens received campaign contributions totaling $263,000 from 37 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 37 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000); UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. (FORMERLY UNITED HEALTH C ($10,000); FORD MOTOR COMPANY, INC. ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":37,"totalDollars":263000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC)","ldaClient":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. (FORMERLY UNITED HEALTH CARE)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FORD MOTOR COMPANY CIVIC ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"FORD MOTOR COMPANY, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001215","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $206,350 on 2025-12-01 (12.1× normal)","explanation":"Haley Stevens's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $206,350 on 2025-12-01 — 12.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":259189,"maxRatio":14.3,"maxAmount":206350},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-01","amount":206350,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":17121,"count":115,"cmteId":"C00903039","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00903039&min_date=2025-12-01&max_date=2025-12-01"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-05-04","amount":52839,"ratio":14.3,"baselineDaily":3691,"count":83,"cmteId":"C00638650","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00638650&min_date=2017-05-04&max_date=2017-05-04"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903039/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00903039&min_date=2025-12-01&max_date=2025-12-01"]},{"id":"P78_S001215","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 46 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Haley Stevens appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 46 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (20); ie support concentration (9); daily donation spike (8); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":46,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":20},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":9},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001215","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001215","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Haley Stevens's campaign paid $41,287,039 to 12 surname-matched vendors — top: STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM ($19,405,443)","explanation":"Haley Stevens's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 95 payments totaling $41,287,039 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM ($19,405,443 across 46 payments, services: MEDIA COSTS · MEDIA BUY · -ADVERTISING EXPENSES). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":41287038.61000001,"paymentCount":95,"payeeCount":12,"topPayees":[{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURCIO & POTHOLM","total":19405442.61,"count":46,"descriptions":["MEDIA COSTS","MEDIA BUY","-ADVERTISING EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"STEVENS, REED, CURIO & POTHOLM","total":8777721,"count":12,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","BROADCAST TV BUY"]},{"payee":"THE STEVENS AND SCHRIEFER GROUP-M","total":4067323,"count":6,"descriptions":["MEDIA EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"THE STEVENS & SCHRIEFER GROUP","total":2325616,"count":6,"descriptions":["ADVANCE TV/RADIO PRODUCTION COSTS (SEE M"]},{"payee":"STEVENS REED CURICO & POTHOLM","total":1918085,"count":6,"descriptions":["MEDIA EXPENSE","MEDIA"]}],"surname":"stevens"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8MI11254&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_S001215","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Haley Stevens's PAC funding concentrates 32% in Labor ($0.05M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Haley Stevens's PAC donors concentrate 32% in the Labor industry — $0.05M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.05M · Technology $0.02M · Agriculture $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":31.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.05,"Technology":0.02,"Agriculture":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MI11254/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001215","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Haley Stevens triggers 15 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Haley Stevens accumulates 15 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":15,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"A000371":[{"id":"P2_A000371_jevlyv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_zhqzwn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WELLS FARGO & COMPANY EMPLOYEE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from WELLS FARGO & COMPANY EMPLOYEE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WELLS FARGO & COMPANY EMPLOYEE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_asp6ol","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. PAC (UNITED FOR gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. PAC (UNITED FOR HEALTH), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC. PAC (UNITED FOR HEALTH)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_sngt8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_umqsav","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS O gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. PAC (INSURPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. PAC (INSURPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_jwhne","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HCA HEALTHCARE, INC. GOOD GOVERNMENT FUN gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from HCA HEALTHCARE, INC. GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HCA HEALTHCARE, INC. GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_hhbx0x","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENTEX CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from GENTEX CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENTEX CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_126cd0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CIGNA gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CIGNA, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CIGNA","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_4h95wr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ANTHEM PAC (ANTHEM PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from ANTHEM PAC (ANTHEM PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ANTHEM PAC (ANTHEM PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_xyh2br","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_oei48k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INVESCO HOLDING INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from INVESCO HOLDING INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESCO HOLDING INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_lg8whj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_pgzuok","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BREAD FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. PAC (AKA  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from BREAD FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. PAC (AKA BREAD FINANCIAL PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BREAD FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. PAC (AKA BREAD FINANCIAL PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_b8q92u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P2_A000371_3pfc82","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BAE SYSTEMS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Pete Aguilar serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from BAE SYSTEMS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BAE SYSTEMS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Congressional Hispanic Caucus","House Democratic Caucus","Appropriations","House Democratic Caucus"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://aguilar.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Aguilar","https://aguilar.house.gov/2019/01/16/aguilar-announces-new-appropriations-leadership-role-subcommittee/"]},{"id":"P9_A000371_1ndp5k","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$22,027 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $22,027 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":22026.54,"oppose":0,"net":22026.54,"events":40,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":16298.239999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":2330.9700000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":1070.83,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":527.39,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":353.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_A000371_33gd4x","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $6,697,257 / spent $6,756,476","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00573709","cmteName":"CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":66000,"totalDisbursements":55126,"cashOnHand":10874.02},{"cmteId":"C00573709","cmteName":"CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":265222.5,"totalDisbursements":222588.6,"cashOnHand":53507.96},{"cmteId":"C00573709","cmteName":"CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":442191.3,"totalDisbursements":398141.2,"cashOnHand":97558.13},{"cmteId":"C00573709","cmteName":"CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":796400,"totalDisbursements":785927.8,"cashOnHand":108030.32},{"cmteId":"C00663609","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE MAJORITY PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":1153468.5,"totalDisbursements":1684673.1,"cashOnHand":54990.49}],"totalRaised":6697256.699999999,"totalSpent":6756475.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000371_6f3m55","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,100 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 16.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $75,100 across 68 contributions — 16.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,448.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00510461","date":"2013-09-30","amount":75100,"count":68,"baseline":4448,"ratio":16.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00510461/"]},{"id":"P15_A000371_l428ih","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,009 donation spike on 2024-05-29 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-29 this committee recorded $61,009 across 31 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,734.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00510461","date":"2024-05-29","amount":61009,"count":31,"baseline":5734,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00510461/"]},{"id":"P15_A000371_6f1p5x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,606 donation spike on 2013-06-28 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-28 this committee recorded $59,606 across 51 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,963.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00510461","date":"2013-06-28","amount":59606,"count":51,"baseline":4963,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00510461/"]},{"id":"P15_A000371_5vvlsp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,026 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $53,026 across 34 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,143.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00510461","date":"2021-06-30","amount":53026,"count":34,"baseline":4143,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00510461/"]},{"id":"P15_A000371_l3e2g1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,501 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $51,501 across 77 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,091.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00510461","date":"2014-03-31","amount":51501,"count":77,"baseline":4091,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00510461/"]},{"id":"P19_A000371_d0gzkt","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Aguilar campaign paid $100,055 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: WEDGE SQUARED STRATEGIES","explanation":"Pete Aguilar's campaign paid 25 disbursements totaling $100,055 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEDGE SQUARED STRATEGIES","total":35700,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"WEDGE SQUARED STRATEGIES","amount":15000,"date":"2022-06-10","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEDGE SQUARED STRATEGIES","amount":12000,"date":"2022-07-06","description":"CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEDGE SQUARED STRATEGIES","amount":2900,"date":"2020-10-08","description":"CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEDGE, JULIE","total":16068.94,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"WEDGE, JULIE","amount":7500,"date":"2017-12-05","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WEDGE, JULIE","amount":4000,"date":"2018-03-08","description":"FINANCE DIRECTOR","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WEDGE, JULIE","amount":2500,"date":"2018-07-03","description":"GENERAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEDGE, CHRISTOPHER","total":12500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"WEDGE, CHRISTOPHER","amount":5000,"date":"2008-01-03","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WEDGE, CHRISTOPHER","amount":5000,"date":"2008-07-22","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WEDGE, CHRISTOPHER","amount":2500,"date":"2008-01-15","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEDGE CONSULTING","total":10900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"WEDGE CONSULTING","amount":3000,"date":"2021-09-28","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEDGE CONSULTING","amount":2900,"date":"2020-07-22","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WEDGE CONSULTING","amount":2500,"date":"2021-07-28","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"wedge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BERLINER FENSTER & MNCHNER FENSTER","total":6186.32,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BERLINER FENSTER & MNCHNER FENSTER","amount":6186.32,"date":"2022-10-17","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"fenster","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FENSTER, FRED","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FENSTER, FRED","amount":5000,"date":"2021-04-11","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"fenster","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WEDGE%20SQUARED%20STRATEGIES"]},{"id":"P25_A000371_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"78% of PAC dollars ($859,888) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Pete Aguilar receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":859888.06,"share":77.8,"totalPAC":1105088.06,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":859888.06,"share":77.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":45000,"share":4.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":30000,"share":2.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":25000,"share":2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_A000371","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Pete Aguilar has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_A000371","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"45 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $390,397.42","explanation":"Pete Aguilar received campaign contributions totaling $390,397.42 from 45 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 45 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($109,200); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($26,197.42); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($25,000); VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. ($10,000); FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":45,"totalDollars":390397.42,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE LEADERSHIP FUND","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":109200,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE - UNITEMIZED","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":26197.42,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":25000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS PAC","ldaClient":"FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_A000371","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $75,100 on 2013-09-30 (16.9× normal)","explanation":"Pete Aguilar's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $75,100 on 2013-09-30 — 16.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":300242,"maxRatio":16.9,"maxAmount":75100},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-09-30","amount":75100,"ratio":16.9,"baselineDaily":4448,"count":68,"cmteId":"C00510461","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00510461&min_date=2013-09-30&max_date=2013-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-05-29","amount":61009,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":5734,"count":31,"cmteId":"C00510461","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00510461&min_date=2024-05-29&max_date=2024-05-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-06-28","amount":59606,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":4963,"count":51,"cmteId":"C00510461","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00510461&min_date=2013-06-28&max_date=2013-06-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-30","amount":53026,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":4143,"count":34,"cmteId":"C00510461","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00510461&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-03-31","amount":51501,"ratio":12.6,"baselineDaily":4091,"count":77,"cmteId":"C00510461","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00510461&min_date=2014-03-31&max_date=2014-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00510461/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00510461&min_date=2013-09-30&max_date=2013-09-30"]},{"id":"P109_A000371","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Aguilar named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.5M total receipts) — top: AGUILAR LEADERSHIP FUND","explanation":"Pete Aguilar appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: AGUILAR LEADERSHIP FUND (C00747840, $2.5M receipts, treasurer ANGERHOLZER, LINDSAY F.). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.5,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00747840","name":"AGUILAR LEADERSHIP FUND","receipts":2495246,"treasurer":"ANGERHOLZER, LINDSAY F.","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00747840/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00747840/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00747840/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_A000371","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Aguilar ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.3M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Pete Aguilar's FEC-bulk record shows $19.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $47.9M (PAC: $19.3M, individual: $24.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.29,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.93,"lifetimeIndividualM":24.72,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2CA31125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA31125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_A000371","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Aguilar draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.3M PAC / $47.9M total)","explanation":"Pete Aguilar's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.3M of $47.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.29,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.93,"pacSharePct":40.2,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2CA31125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA31125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P151_A000371","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Aguilar operates leadership PACs with $6.7M lifetime receipts (6 cycles) — top: CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)","explanation":"Pete Aguilar operates 2 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $6.7M and disbursements of $6.8M across 6 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC) (C00573709). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":6.7,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.76,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00573709","cmteName":"CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)"},{"cmteId":"C00663609","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE MAJORITY PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573709/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_A000371","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Aguilar operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($6.7M combined receipts)","explanation":"Pete Aguilar operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $6.7M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC) (C00573709) · PROGRESSIVE MAJORITY PAC (C00663609).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.7,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00573709","cmteName":"CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)"},{"cmteId":"C00663609","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE MAJORITY PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573709/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00663609/"]},{"id":"P153_A000371","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Aguilar's leadership PACs disbursed $6.8M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Pete Aguilar's leadership PACs disbursed $6.8M across 6 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC) (C00573709).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.76,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00573709","cmteName":"CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573709/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]}],"N000193":[{"id":"P2_N000193_6z9no5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS gave $88,104 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate) and received $88,104 from EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","total":88103.86,"count":6,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Financial Services","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://nunn.house.gov/about/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/N000193","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach_Nunn"]},{"id":"P2_N000193_mz5a5y","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"TRUIST/BB&T gave $27,377 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate) and received $27,377 from TRUIST/BB&T, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST/BB&T","total":27376.86,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Financial Services","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://nunn.house.gov/about/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/N000193","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach_Nunn"]},{"id":"P2_N000193_oq5zy4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FRESHMAN AGRICULTURAL REPUBLICAN MEMBERS gave $9,217 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate) and received $9,217 from FRESHMAN AGRICULTURAL REPUBLICAN MEMBERS TRUST AKA FARM TRUS, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FRESHMAN AGRICULTURAL REPUBLICAN MEMBERS TRUST AKA FARM TRUS","total":9217.32,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Financial Services","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://nunn.house.gov/about/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/N000193","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach_Nunn"]},{"id":"P6_N000193_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,492,257 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $1,492,257 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 130 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":1492256.6400000001,"oppose":0,"events":130}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_N000193_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$999,284 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FAIRSHAKE","explanation":"FAIRSHAKE spent $999,284 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"FAIRSHAKE","support":999283.5,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_N000193_th8grf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$573,954 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC. spent $573,954 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00831404","name":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","support":573954,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831404/"]},{"id":"P6_N000193_uv5xcz","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$559,856 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from GEORGIANS TOGETHER","explanation":"GEORGIANS TOGETHER spent $559,856 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00557397","name":"GEORGIANS TOGETHER","support":559855.75,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00557397/"]},{"id":"P7_N000193_1l6i3m","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $15,177,254 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $15,177,254 opposing this member across 417 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":15177254.209999999,"totalSupport":4098087.500000001,"events":417,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Ending Spending Action Fund","oppose":4993416.98},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":3795449.45},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2979630.4699999997},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":980984.79},{"name":"YOUR COMMUNITY PAC","oppose":902205.6199999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_N000193_7y3718","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$19,790 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $19,790 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":19789.87,"oppose":0,"net":19789.87,"events":7,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":11075.5,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":5916.25,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":2798.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_N000193_m4h89o","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $318,029 / spent $305,107","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00818740","cmteName":"CALL TO SERVICE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":61000,"totalDisbursements":37215,"cashOnHand":23785},{"cmteId":"C00818740","cmteName":"CALL TO SERVICE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":189917.9,"totalDisbursements":207236.7,"cashOnHand":6466.15},{"cmteId":"C00818740","cmteName":"CALL TO SERVICE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":67111.1,"totalDisbursements":60655.1,"cashOnHand":12922.12}],"totalRaised":318029,"totalSpent":305106.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_N000193_5on9lf","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $4,296,392 in itemized individual contributions, $2,823,823 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4296392,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-7431,"$200.01-$499":241614,"$500-$999":415456,"$1000-$1999":822930,"$2000 and over":2823823},"megaShare":65.7,"smallDonorShare":-0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_N000193_ctndcf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,881 donation spike on 2022-10-18 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-10-18 this committee recorded $86,881 across 129 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,093.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00784389","date":"2022-10-18","amount":86881,"count":129,"baseline":11093,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784389/"]},{"id":"P15_N000193_cu1f0j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,383 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $77,383 across 161 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,505.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00784389","date":"2022-09-30","amount":77383,"count":161,"baseline":9505,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784389/"]},{"id":"P15_N000193_gj574i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,988 donation spike on 2024-10-28 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-28 this committee recorded $67,988 across 93 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,257.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00784389","date":"2024-10-28","amount":67988,"count":93,"baseline":9257,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784389/"]},{"id":"P15_N000193_gip8gy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,608 donation spike on 2024-06-30 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-30 this committee recorded $67,608 across 133 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,672.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00784389","date":"2024-06-30","amount":67608,"count":133,"baseline":6672,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784389/"]},{"id":"P15_N000193_1uay8x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,776 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $56,776 across 82 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,542.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00784389","date":"2023-06-30","amount":56776,"count":82,"baseline":5542,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784389/"]},{"id":"P15_N000193_cu58xo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,250 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $55,250 across 51 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,589.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00784389","date":"2022-03-31","amount":55250,"count":51,"baseline":5589,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784389/"]},{"id":"P19_N000193_39ivc4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn campaign paid $2,565,016 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn's campaign paid 100 disbursements totaling $2,565,016 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","total":115347.09000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":36406.63,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2008-04-10","description":"GENERIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":26018.33,"date":"2025-08-06","description":"POLITICAL FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","total":30000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","amount":30000,"date":"2024-12-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY ,DAVIS,LISKER","total":20873.11,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY ,DAVIS,LISKER","amount":20873.11,"date":"2004-09-23","description":"INKIND-ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LISKER, HUCKABY D","total":20030,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LISKER, HUCKABY D","amount":20030,"date":"2009-03-31","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUCKABY%20DAVIS%20LISKER"]},{"id":"P25_N000193_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"55% of PAC dollars ($1,128,737) come from Party industry","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1128737.42,"share":55,"totalPAC":2053837.2800000003,"pacCount":10},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1128737.42,"share":55},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":631621.8,"share":30.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":168780.02,"share":8.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":115480.72,"share":5.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_N000193_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"LCV Victory Fund both supported ($1,500) and opposed ($980,985) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Zachary (Zach) Nunn advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1500,"oppose":980984.79,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P36_N000193","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_N000193","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $67,608 on 2024-06-30 (10.1× normal)","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $67,608 on 2024-06-30 — 10.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":124384,"maxRatio":10.2,"maxAmount":67608},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-06-30","amount":67608,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":6672,"count":133,"cmteId":"C00784389","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00784389&min_date=2024-06-30&max_date=2024-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-30","amount":56776,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":5542,"count":82,"cmteId":"C00784389","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00784389&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784389/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00784389&min_date=2024-06-30&max_date=2024-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_N000193","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (6); ie support concentration (4); committee pac conflict (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/N000193","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_N000193","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($4.1M total receipts) — top: NUNN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $4.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: NUNN VICTORY FUND (C00549485, $2.7M receipts, treasurer LORA HAGGARD). Active years: 2, first seen 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":4.13,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00549485","name":"NUNN VICTORY FUND","receipts":2655793.9200000004,"treasurer":"LORA HAGGARD","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00549485/"},{"committeeId":"C00838698","name":"TEAM NUNN","receipts":1473929.45,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00838698/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00549485/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00549485/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_N000193","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.7M PAC / $24.7M total)","explanation":"Zachary (Zach) Nunn's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.7M of $24.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.65,"pacSharePct":31.2,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2IA03119"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IA03119/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001096":[{"id":"P2_H001096_hcbxbl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BLACK HILLS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Harriet Hageman serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from BLACK HILLS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, LEAH, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BLACK HILLS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, LEAH","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Select Subcommittee to Investigate the Remaining Questions Surrounding January 6, 2021","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/harriet-hageman-H001096/committees","http://hageman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://fedsoc.org/bio/harriet-hageman"]},{"id":"P2_H001096_pauc7o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Harriet Hageman serves on committees regulating Energy (Legal, Technology, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION RESORT OWNERS COALITION PAC (ARDA-ROC PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION RESORT OWNERS COALITION PAC (ARDA-ROC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Select Subcommittee to Investigate the Remaining Questions Surrounding January 6, 2021","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/harriet-hageman-H001096/committees","http://hageman.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://fedsoc.org/bio/harriet-hageman"]},{"id":"P6_H001096_tw3fve","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$331,159 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICANS KEEPING COUNTRY FIRST","explanation":"AMERICANS KEEPING COUNTRY FIRST spent $331,159 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00770982","name":"AMERICANS KEEPING COUNTRY FIRST","support":331158.75,"oppose":331158.75,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770982/"]},{"id":"P6_H001096_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$313,845 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $313,845 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":313844.69999999995,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P14_H001096_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20401 employees of RETIRED gave $1,702,374 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 20401× RETIRED = $1,702,374. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":20401,"total":1702374,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001096_ofxng7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Harriet Hageman campaign paid $3,460,789 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: DON YOUNG INSTITUTE","explanation":"Harriet Hageman's campaign paid 26 disbursements totaling $3,460,789 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DON YOUNG INSTITUTE","total":623690,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DON YOUNG INSTITUTE","amount":400000,"date":"2022-05-03","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DON YOUNG INSTITUTE","amount":223690,"date":"2022-05-12","description":"CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION: DONATION OF BUILDING/PROPERTY","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG PC","total":585000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG PC","amount":125000,"date":"2007-10-16","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG PC","amount":125000,"date":"2008-03-03","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG PC","amount":125000,"date":"2007-04-04","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","total":481713.71,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":152540,"date":"2003-12-31","description":"AUDIT AND TAX SERVICES","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":99235,"date":"2005-12-23","description":"FINANCIAL/ACCOUNTING FEE","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":78867,"date":"2025-12-21","description":"ADVANCED QUARTERLY PAYMENT (ADMINISTRATIVE)","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRIEND OF TODD YOUNG","total":459255,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FRIEND OF TODD YOUNG","amount":459255,"date":"2016-08-03","description":"2016 GENERAL ELECTION CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG TRUST ACCOUNT","total":302500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG TRUST ACCOUNT","amount":302500,"date":"2009-01-16","description":"LEGAL MATTERS","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"YOUNG AMERICANS FOR LIBERTY, INC.","total":112479,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"YOUNG AMERICANS FOR LIBERTY, INC.","amount":112479,"date":"2020-06-30","description":"CAREY IN-KIND: STAFF SAL.& RSRCS. RE:T.ID#A1A06CF98CEB848C188D","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DON%20YOUNG%20INSTITUTE"]},{"id":"P25_H001096_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74% of PAC dollars ($439,333) come from Party industry","explanation":"Harriet Hageman receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":439333.20000000007,"share":73.9,"totalPAC":594483.3100000002,"pacCount":24},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":439333.20000000007,"share":73.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":76650,"share":12.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":23999.9,"share":4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":21077.71,"share":3.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_H001096_tw3fve","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMERICANS KEEPING COUNTRY FIRST both supported ($331,159) and opposed ($331,159) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Harriet Hageman advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00770982","name":"AMERICANS KEEPING COUNTRY FIRST","support":331158.75,"oppose":331158.75,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770982/"]},{"id":"P36_H001096","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Harriet Hageman has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Sault_Ste_Marie_Tribe_of_Chipp_118223","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-05-20 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through…\". The witness The Honorable Austin Lowes (Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118223","title":"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship Act” or the “FORESTS Act.”","date":"2025-05-20T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Austin Lowes","witnessOrg":"Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118223","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-05-20 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118223","title":"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship Act” or the “FORESTS Act.”","date":"2025-05-20T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Spokane_Tribe_of_Indians_118725","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spokane Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-12-11 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"\". The witness The Honorable Greg Abrahamson (Spokane Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118725","title":"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"","date":"2025-12-11T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Greg Abrahamson","witnessOrg":"Spokane Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Pechanga_Band_of_Indians_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pechanga Band of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness The Honorable Marc Luker (Pechanga Band of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Marc Luker","witnessOrg":"Pechanga Band of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Miccosukee_Tribe_of_Indians_of_117842","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025…\". The witness The Honorable Talbert Cypress (Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117842","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025”; H.R. 412 (Rep. Bergman), To authorize the Bay Mills Indian Community of the State of Michigan to convey land and interests in land owned by the Tribe; H.R. 504 (Rep. Gimenez), “Miccosukee Reserved Area Amendments Act”; and H.R. 741 (Rep. Stanton), “Stronger Engagement for Indian Health Needs Act of 2025”.","date":"2025-02-05T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Talbert Cypress","witnessOrg":"Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Crow_Tribe_of_Indians_117714","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Crow Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, which on 2024-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Leg Hrg on the following bills: •\tH.R. 7662 (Rep. Houlahan), \"Critical Minerals Security Act of 2024\"; \r\n•\tH.R. 7807 (Re…\". The witness Mr. Frank White Clay (Crow Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources","eventId":"117714","title":"Leg Hrg on the following bills: •\tH.R. 7662 (Rep. Houlahan), \"Critical Minerals Security Act of 2024\"; \r\n•\tH.R. 7807 (Rep. Obernolte), \"Intergovernmental Critical Minerals Task Force Act\";\r\n•\tH.R. 8952 (Rep. Zinke), “Crow Revenue Act”; and\r\n•\tH.R. 10005 (Rep. Hageman), “Expedited Appeals Review Act” or the “EARA”.","date":"2024-11-19T19:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Frank White Clay","witnessOrg":"Crow Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117714"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117714","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Poarch_Creek_Indians_117352","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Poarch Creek Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1208 (Rep. Cole), To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secre…\". The witness The Honorable Stephanie Bryan (Poarch Creek Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117352","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1208 (Rep. Cole), To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for Indian Tribes, and for other purposes; and  H.R. 6180 (Rep. Carl), “Poarch Band of Creek Indians Lands Act.”","date":"2024-06-26T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Stephanie Bryan","witnessOrg":"Poarch Creek Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117352"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117352","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Crow_Tribe_of_Indians_117032","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Crow Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2687 (Rep. Peltola), To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to exclude certain pa…\". The witness The Honorable Frank White Clay (Crow Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117032","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2687 (Rep. Peltola), To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to exclude certain payments to aged, blind, or disabled Alaska Natives or descendants of Alaska Natives from being used to determine eligibility for certain programs, and for other purposes; and H.R. 7516 (Rep. Johnson of SD), “Purchased and Referred Care Improvement Act of 2024.”","date":"2024-04-30T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Frank White Clay","witnessOrg":"Crow Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117032"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117032","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_115374","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-03-01 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on \"Unlocking Indian Country’s Economic Potential\"\". The witness Mr. Jason Robison (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"115374","title":"Oversight Hearing on \"Unlocking Indian Country’s Economic Potential\"","date":"2023-03-01T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason Robison","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115374"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115374","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001096_Kashia_Band_of_Pomo_Indians_115287","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kashia Band of Pomo Indians testified before House Natural Resources — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Harriet Hageman sits on House Natural Resources, which on 2023-02-08 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee oversight hearing titled “Unleashing America’s Energy and Mineral Potential”.\". The witness Mr. Reno Franklin (Kashia Band of Pomo Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources","eventId":"115287","title":"Full Committee oversight hearing titled “Unleashing America’s Energy and Mineral Potential”.","date":"2023-02-08T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Reno Franklin","witnessOrg":"Kashia Band of Pomo Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115287"},{"source":"donor","name":"COW CREEK BAND OF UMPQUA TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115287","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COW%20CREEK%20BAND%20OF%20UMPQUA%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P61_H001096","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $60,650","explanation":"Harriet Hageman received campaign contributions totaling $60,650 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($16,650); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($9,000); BLACK HILLS FEDERAL CREDIT UNION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":60650,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":16650,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLACK HILLS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, LEAH","ldaClient":"BLACK HILLS FEDERAL CREDIT UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P109_H001096","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harriet Hageman named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.0M total receipts) — top: HAGEMAN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Harriet Hageman appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HAGEMAN VICTORY FUND (C00799817, $1.0M receipts, treasurer YOUNG, JASON MR.). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.02,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00799817","name":"HAGEMAN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1021966.4099999999,"treasurer":"YOUNG, JASON MR.","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799817/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799817/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00799817/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"C001121":[{"id":"P2_C001121_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $95,700 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jason Crow serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $95,700 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":95700,"count":28,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://soaa.org/team/jason-crow/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Crow","http://crow.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_C001121_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jason Crow serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://soaa.org/team/jason-crow/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Crow","http://crow.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_C001121_uu4wxt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$868,617 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from End Citizens United","explanation":"End Citizens United spent $868,617 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00573261","name":"End Citizens United","support":868617.08,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573261/"]},{"id":"P6_C001121_ucg82l","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$735,624 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND","explanation":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND spent $735,624 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00688655","name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND","support":735623.75,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00688655/"]},{"id":"P6_C001121_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$705,769 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets","explanation":"VoteVets spent $705,769 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":705768.72,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P7_C001121_s4yqxp","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,172,118 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,172,118 opposing this member across 279 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2172118.2600000002,"totalSupport":3050320.780000002,"events":279,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":2172118.2600000002}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001121_p1rlno","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,292 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,292 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SIERRA CLUB.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13291.669999999998,"oppose":0,"net":13291.669999999998,"events":15,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":9697.989999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1812.27,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":1781.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001121_sictl2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jason Crow campaign paid $767,192 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: BEAR STEARNS & CO. INC.","explanation":"Jason Crow's campaign paid 14 disbursements totaling $767,192 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEAR STEARNS & CO. INC.","total":250000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BEAR STEARNS & CO. INC.","amount":250000,"date":"2003-07-15","description":": NOTE: REFUND OF CONT","surnameMatched":"bear","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALLAN CROW & ASSOCIATES","total":140198.23,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ALLAN CROW & ASSOCIATES","amount":50000,"date":"2006-11-03","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"crow","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ALLAN CROW & ASSOCIATES","amount":50000,"date":"2006-11-06","description":"PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"crow","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ALLAN CROW & ASSOCIATES","amount":40198.23,"date":"2006-08-16","description":"FOR PAID ADVERTISING PHOTO SHOOT","surnameMatched":"crow","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEAR COMMUNICATIONS INC","total":129121.82,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BEAR COMMUNICATIONS INC","amount":60408.61,"date":"2024-08-29","description":"HARDWARE - RADIOS","surnameMatched":"bear","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BEAR COMMUNICATIONS INC","amount":56029.55,"date":"2024-07-29","description":"HARDWARE - RADIOS","surnameMatched":"bear","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BEAR COMMUNICATIONS INC","amount":12683.66,"date":"2024-10-01","description":"HARDWARE - RADIOS","surnameMatched":"bear","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEAR STEARNS SECURITIES","total":69218,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BEAR STEARNS SECURITIES","amount":49166,"date":"2008-03-31","description":"LOSS ON VALUE OF ACCT","surnameMatched":"bear","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BEAR STEARNS SECURITIES","amount":20052,"date":null,"description":"LOSS ON VALUE OF ACCT.","surnameMatched":"bear","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALLEN B. CROW & ASSOCIATES, INC.","total":57150.13,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ALLEN B. CROW & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":57150.13,"date":"2008-10-29","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"crow","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALLAN B. CROW & ASSOCIATES","total":40763.96,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ALLAN B. CROW & ASSOCIATES","amount":40763.96,"date":"2010-08-02","description":"MEDIA & FILM FOOTAGE & RELATED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"crow","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BEAR%20STEARNS%20%26%20CO.%20INC."]},{"id":"P61_C001121","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $75,000","explanation":"Jason Crow received campaign contributions totaling $75,000 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); WITH HONOR ACTION, INC. ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($5,000); UNITED ASSN OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE PLU ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":75000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WITH HONOR PAC","ldaClient":"WITH HONOR ACTION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APP","ldaClient":"UNITED ASSN OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001121","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jason Crow's campaign paid $180,962 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: ALLAN CROW & ASSOCIATES ($140,198)","explanation":"Jason Crow's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $180,962 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ALLAN CROW & ASSOCIATES ($140,198 across 3 payments, services: ADVERTISING · PRODUCTION · FOR PAID ADVERTISING PHOTO SHOOT). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":180962.19,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ALLAN CROW & ASSOCIATES","total":140198.23,"count":3,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING","PRODUCTION","FOR PAID ADVERTISING PHOTO SHOOT"]},{"payee":"ALLAN B. CROW & ASSOCIATES","total":40763.96,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA & FILM FOOTAGE & RELATED EXPENSES"]}],"surname":"crow"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CO06229&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_C001121","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jason Crow's PAC funding concentrates 60% in Technology ($0.10M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Jason Crow's PAC donors concentrate 60% in the Technology industry — $0.10M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.10M · Labor $0.04M · Agriculture $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":59.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.1,"Labor":0.04,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CO06229/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"S001213":[{"id":"P2_S001213_tk3h6z","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"JOHNSON BANK gave $77,456 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bryan Steil serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $77,456 from JOHNSON BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JOHNSON BANK","total":77456.23,"count":7,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","House Administration","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Steil","https://www.naco.org/person/hon-bryan-steil","http://steil.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_S001213_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$764,206 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $764,206 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":764206.1,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P9_S001213_gvkksg","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$23,177 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $23,177 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":23176.79,"oppose":0,"net":23176.79,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":22995.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":180.83,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004429","name":"WISCONSIN LABORERS' DISTRICT COUNCIL","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001213_im287m","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $7,800,140 in itemized individual contributions, $4,877,633 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7800140,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-168749,"$200.01-$499":448949,"$500-$999":782602,"$1000-$1999":1859705,"$2000 and over":4877633},"megaShare":62.5,"smallDonorShare":-2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001213_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4050 employees of RETIRED gave $1,895,881 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4050× RETIRED = $1,895,881. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":4050,"total":1895881,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001213_rt80u8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$147,450 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $147,450 across 136 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,667.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677286","date":"2018-06-30","amount":147450,"count":136,"baseline":13667,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/"]},{"id":"P15_S001213_vfl4eb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$105,200 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $105,200 across 101 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,555.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677286","date":"2022-03-31","amount":105200,"count":101,"baseline":9555,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/"]},{"id":"P15_S001213_rt9xr4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,100 donation spike on 2018-09-11 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-11 this committee recorded $70,100 across 73 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,453.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677286","date":"2018-09-11","amount":70100,"count":73,"baseline":8453,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/"]},{"id":"P15_S001213_a8sa3b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,830 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $69,830 across 79 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,745.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677286","date":"2020-06-30","amount":69830,"count":79,"baseline":10745,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/"]},{"id":"P15_S001213_vfj7fr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,935 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $67,935 across 68 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,680.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677286","date":"2022-06-30","amount":67935,"count":68,"baseline":9680,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/"]},{"id":"P15_S001213_22oq14","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,325 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $65,325 across 144 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,037.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677286","date":"2024-09-30","amount":65325,"count":144,"baseline":7037,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/"]},{"id":"P15_S001213_gr4x7q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,620 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $63,620 across 58 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,840.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677286","date":"2023-06-30","amount":63620,"count":58,"baseline":8840,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/"]},{"id":"P15_S001213_sj0i9l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,439 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $61,439 across 84 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,518.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677286","date":"2019-12-31","amount":61439,"count":84,"baseline":6518,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/"]},{"id":"P25_S001213_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of PAC dollars ($1,259,723) come from Party industry","explanation":"Bryan Steil receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1259723.4500000004,"share":67.5,"totalPAC":1865232.4200000004,"pacCount":7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1259723.4500000004,"share":67.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":528052.74,"share":28.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":77456.23,"share":4.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001213","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Bryan Steil has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_S001213","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $147,450 on 2018-06-30 (10.8× normal)","explanation":"Bryan Steil's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $147,450 on 2018-06-30 — 10.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":252650,"maxRatio":11,"maxAmount":147450},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-06-30","amount":147450,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":13667,"count":136,"cmteId":"C00677286","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00677286&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":105200,"ratio":11,"baselineDaily":9555,"count":101,"cmteId":"C00677286","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00677286&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677286/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00677286&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"]},{"id":"P109_S001213","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bryan Steil named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.7M total receipts) — top: STEIL VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Bryan Steil appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: STEIL VICTORY FUND (C00686980, $3.7M receipts, treasurer DATWYLER, THOMAS C). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.65,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00686980","name":"STEIL VICTORY FUND","receipts":3654192.51,"treasurer":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00686980/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00686980/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00686980/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_S001213","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bryan Steil draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.2M PAC / $38.9M total)","explanation":"Bryan Steil's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.2M of $38.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.89,"pacSharePct":33.9,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8WI01156"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8WI01156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001226":[{"id":"P2_S001226_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $14,200 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Andrea Salinas serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $14,200 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":14200,"count":3,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-andrea-salinas/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001226","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Salinas"]},{"id":"P2_S001226_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Andrea Salinas serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-andrea-salinas/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001226","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Salinas"]},{"id":"P2_S001226_gp6bz2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERIPAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Andrea Salinas serves on committees regulating Transportation (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AMERIPAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERIPAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-andrea-salinas/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001226","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Salinas"]},{"id":"P2_S001226_9fajpl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Andrea Salinas serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-andrea-salinas/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001226","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Salinas"]},{"id":"P6_S001226_vsqm6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,468,146 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CHC BOLD PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"CHC BOLD PAC spent $1,468,146 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00365536","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","support":1468145.78,"oppose":0,"events":6},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00365536/"]},{"id":"P6_S001226_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$486,571 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $486,571 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":486571.08,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_S001226_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$337,093 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC (also direct donor)","explanation":"DCCC spent $337,093 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":337093.16,"oppose":0,"events":16},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"DCCC","total":9000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P7_S001226_wyd783","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,212,335 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,212,335 opposing this member across 69 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2212334.6700000004,"totalSupport":2518726.56,"events":69,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Protect Our Future PAC","oppose":1749051.07},{"name":"TAKE BACK OREGON PAC","oppose":362500},{"name":"OREGONIANS FOR TRUTH AND ACCOUNTABILITY PAC","oppose":100783.6}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001226_jfxszx","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$24,482 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $24,482 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":24482,"oppose":0,"net":24482,"events":27,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":19690.52,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":4791.48,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004569","name":"HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001226_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7649 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,561,062 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7649× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,561,062. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":7649,"total":2561062,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001226_2gtrwi","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andrea Salinas campaign paid $7,951,840 to 39 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Andrea Salinas's campaign paid 106 disbursements totaling $7,951,840 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":82388.84,"date":"2021-11-15","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":75528.75,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":69184.86,"date":"2022-11-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","total":494516.20999999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":213593.8,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":102945.43,"date":"2025-09-25","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":67886.74,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON RIVER","total":230900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":75218.75,"date":"2012-07-12","description":"WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT & DESIGN","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":64531.25,"date":"2012-05-10","description":"INTERNET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":45925,"date":"2013-11-21","description":"INTERNET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P27_S001226_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00812917","name":"DEMOCRACY DEFENDERS","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00886010","name":"ELECT DEMOCRATIC WOMEN 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00872002","name":"TAKE BACK THE HOUSE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00863639","name":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001226","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Andrea Salinas has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_S001226","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $154,250","explanation":"Andrea Salinas received campaign contributions totaling $154,250 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":154250,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S001226","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andrea Salinas's campaign paid $21,000 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: ROCHA FOR SALINAS CITY COUNCIL 2024, RE-ELECT ANTHONY ($5,500)","explanation":"Andrea Salinas's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $21,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ROCHA FOR SALINAS CITY COUNCIL 2024, RE-ELECT ANTHONY ($5,500 across 1 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":21000,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ROCHA FOR SALINAS CITY COUNCIL 2024, RE-ELECT ANTHONY","total":5500,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"BARRERA FOR SALINAS MAYOR 2024, CHRIS","total":5500,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"SALINAS PRIDE","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENT SPONSORSHIP"]},{"payee":"SALINAS VETERANS DAY PARADE","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON PROFIT DONATION"]}],"surname":"salinas"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OR06066&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_S001226","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Andrea Salinas's PAC funding concentrates 44% in Labor ($0.06M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Andrea Salinas's PAC donors concentrate 44% in the Labor industry — $0.06M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.06M · Oil & Gas $0.02M · Technology $0.01M · Energy $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":44.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.06,"Oil & Gas":0.02,"Technology":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OR06066/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"S001223":[{"id":"P2_S001223_gp6bz2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERIPAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Emilia Sykes serves on committees regulating Transportation (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AMERIPAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERIPAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilia_Sykes","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001223","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/emilia-sykes-24/"]},{"id":"P2_S001223_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Emilia Sykes serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilia_Sykes","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001223","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/emilia-sykes-24/"]},{"id":"P2_S001223_9fajpl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Emilia Sykes serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilia_Sykes","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001223","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/emilia-sykes-24/"]},{"id":"P6_S001223_ufsxdt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$818,252 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from New American Jobs Fund","explanation":"New American Jobs Fund spent $818,252 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00625533","name":"New American Jobs Fund","support":818252.04,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00625533/"]},{"id":"P6_S001223_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$550,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $550,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":550500,"oppose":0,"events":15},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HOUSE MAJORITY PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P7_S001223_ygokl0","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,209,802 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,209,802 opposing this member across 155 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5209802.27,"totalSupport":2438404.2200000007,"events":155,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":4908800.91},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":245759.31},{"name":"American Leadership PAC","oppose":35250},{"name":"CPAC ACTION PAC","oppose":19992.05}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001223_3uwqgx","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$25,669 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $25,669 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":25843.84,"oppose":174.94,"net":25668.9,"events":28,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":19321.239999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":6522.6,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":174.94,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":[""]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001223_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5063 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,218,410 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5063× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,218,410. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":5063,"total":2218410,"years":["2015","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001223_ik1ieh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Emilia Sykes campaign paid $849,470 to 43 surname-matched vendors, top: THE RUPPERT CO., LLC","explanation":"Emilia Sykes's campaign paid 188 disbursements totaling $849,470 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RUPPERT CO., LLC","total":236117.06999999998,"count":93,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RUPPERT CO., LLC","amount":9523.12,"date":"2022-12-29","description":"LEGAL, COMPLIANCE, AND TREASURY SERVICE FEES","surnameMatched":"ruppert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THE RUPPERT CO., LLC","amount":6429.12,"date":"2024-11-22","description":"LEGAL, COMPLIANCE, AND TREASURY PROFESSIONAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ruppert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE RUPPERT CO., LLC","amount":5245,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"LEGAL, COMPLIANCE & TREASURY SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ruppert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DODSON, DOUG","total":149133.59,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"DODSON, DOUG","amount":50000,"date":"2014-03-26","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DODSON, DOUG","amount":30600,"date":"2006-11-20","description":"DEBT PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DODSON, DOUG","amount":18000,"date":"2004-01-22","description":"CAMP. MGR. CONSULTING SALARY DEBT PAYMEN","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DODSON, DAVID","total":114870.3,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DODSON, DAVID","amount":46183.13,"date":"2018-06-30","description":"IN-KIND:TRAVEL/FOOD/BEVERAGE/SUPPLIES","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"DODSON, DAVID","amount":37601.75,"date":"2018-07-30","description":"IN-KIND:TRAVEL /FOOD/BEVERAGE/SUPPLIES","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"DODSON, DAVID","amount":21085.42,"date":"2018-12-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SYKES GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS","total":88750,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SYKES GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS","amount":30000,"date":"2024-05-20","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sykes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SYKES GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS","amount":20250,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"sykes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SYKES GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS","amount":8500,"date":"2019-02-06","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"sykes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DODSON, CAROLINE","total":40879.869999999995,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"DODSON, CAROLINE","amount":2051.95,"date":"2020-03-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DODSON, CAROLINE","amount":2051.95,"date":"2020-02-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DODSON, CAROLINE","amount":2051.95,"date":"2020-02-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"dodson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SYKES FOR OFFICE","total":26539.260000000002,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SYKES FOR OFFICE","amount":11395.56,"date":"2010-06-03","description":"VERNON SYKES, STATE HOUSE 44TH OH - 2010 NON-FEDERAL/VOLUNTARY","surnameMatched":"sykes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SYKES FOR OFFICE","amount":10043.7,"date":"2012-02-15","description":"VERNON SYKES, STATE HOUSE 44TH OH - 2012 NON-FEDERAL/VOLUNTARY/PRIMARY","surnameMatched":"sykes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SYKES FOR OFFICE","amount":5100,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"CANVASSING","surnameMatched":"sykes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THE%20RUPPERT%20CO."]},{"id":"P27_S001223_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00812917","name":"DEMOCRACY DEFENDERS","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00887505","name":"GENERATION 18","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00886010","name":"ELECT DEMOCRATIC WOMEN 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00873406","name":"HOUSE VICTORY PROJECT 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00863639","name":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001223","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Emilia Sykes has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_S001223_Transport_Workers_Union_of_Ame_117944","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"\". The witness Mr. Andre Sutton (Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117944","title":"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andre Sutton","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTL UNION AFL-CIO PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20%26%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTL%20UNION%20AFL-CIO%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20%26%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTL%20UNION%20AFL-CIO%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_117936","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,500 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"\". The witness Mr. Nick Daniels (National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117936","title":"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"","date":"2025-03-04T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Nick Daniels","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_Seafarers_International_Union__117821","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Seafarers International Union of North America testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation — also a $9,000 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Schoeneman (Seafarers International Union of North America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","eventId":"117821","title":"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-02-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Schoeneman","witnessOrg":"Seafarers International Union of North America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":9000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_The_Home_Depot_117768","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-01-15 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"\". The witness Ms. Sarah Galica (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117768","title":"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"","date":"2025-01-15T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Sarah Galica","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_United_Steelworkers_116770","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Steelworkers testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2024-02-15 held a hearing titled \"\"Implementation of Buy America Provisions: Stakeholder Perspectives\"\". The witness Ms. Megan Salrin (United Steelworkers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"116770","title":"\"Implementation of Buy America Provisions: Stakeholder Perspectives\"","date":"2024-02-15T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Megan Salrin","witnessOrg":"United Steelworkers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116770"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"PA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STEELWORKERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116770","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STEELWORKERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115276","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"115276","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOC PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOC%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOC%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,500 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Rich Santa (National Air Traffic Controllers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Rich Santa","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_Transport_Workers_Union_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Gary Peterson (Transport Workers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Gary Peterson","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTL UNION AFL-CIO PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20%26%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTL%20UNION%20AFL-CIO%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20%26%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTL%20UNION%20AFL-CIO%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115681","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115681","title":"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce","date":"2023-04-19T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOC PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOC%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOC%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001223_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_115520","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,500 donor","explanation":"Emilia Sykes sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Navigating the Comprehensive Passenger Experience\". The witness Mr. Rich Santa (National Air Traffic Controllers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115520","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Navigating the Comprehensive Passenger Experience","date":"2023-03-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Rich Santa","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115520"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115520","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_S001223","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $172,250","explanation":"Emilia Sykes received campaign contributions totaling $172,250 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 25 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS ($15,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":172250,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC (AIPAC PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS PAC","ldaClient":"NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_S001223","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Emilia Sykes appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (10); committee pac conflict (3); ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":10},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001223","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001223","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Emilia Sykes's campaign paid $150,579 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: SYKES GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS ($88,750)","explanation":"Emilia Sykes's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 13 payments totaling $150,579 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SYKES GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS ($88,750 across 7 payments, services: CAMPAIGN CONSULTING · CAMPAIGN CONSULTANT · RESEARCH). Cycles covered: 2012, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":150579.26,"paymentCount":13,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SYKES GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS","total":88750,"count":7,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","CAMPAIGN CONSULTANT","RESEARCH"]},{"payee":"SYKES FOR OFFICE","total":26539.260000000002,"count":3,"descriptions":["VERNON SYKES, STATE HOUSE 44TH OH - 2010 NON-FEDERAL/VOLUNTARY","VERNON SYKES, STATE HOUSE 44TH OH - 2012 NON-FEDERAL/VOLUNTARY/PRIMARY","CANVASSING"]},{"payee":"SYKES, BARBARA","total":24490,"count":1,"descriptions":["CANVASS CONSULTANT-SLATE CARD"]},{"payee":"GINGER SYKES TORRES FOR ARIZONA","total":5800,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"BARBARA SYKES CAMPAIGN","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO A NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE"]}],"surname":"sykes"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OH13264&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"B001282":[{"id":"P2_B001282_8t66e9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP INC PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $10,000 from ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP INC PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP INC PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_6lq2ua","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_lwthuq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BARCLAYS GROUP US INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from BARCLAYS GROUP US INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BARCLAYS GROUP US INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_x3xmvs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_j57y29","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES PAC (SYNCP gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES PAC (SYNCPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES PAC (SYNCPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_bcsvhy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_6dha8u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL PAWNBROKERS ASSOCIATION INC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL PAWNBROKERS ASSOCIATION INC PAC (NPA-PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL PAWNBROKERS ASSOCIATION INC PAC (NPA-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_cguby5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NASDAQ OMX GROUP, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_lfxddd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LOAN SYNDICATIONS AND TRADING ASSOCIATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from LOAN SYNDICATIONS AND TRADING ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOAN SYNDICATIONS AND TRADING ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_svb8i1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION PAC (FICO PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION PAC (FICO PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION PAC (FICO PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_h0x6a","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELOITTE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from DELOITTE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELOITTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_sp7p6x","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD G gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVERNMENT FEDERAL FUND II, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVERNMENT FEDERAL FUND II","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_nurbt6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP. ASSOC. POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP. ASSOC. POLITICAL FUND, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP. ASSOC. POLITICAL FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_txmngx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BIPARTISAN PAC/THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELL gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from BIPARTISAN PAC/THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION BIPAC/BNYMC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BIPARTISAN PAC/THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION BIPAC/BNYMC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_d8pyzx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_q2ea70","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P2_B001282_qcun2h","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001282","https://barr.house.gov","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P6_B001282_tduiv4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,311,092 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from KEEP AMERICA GREAT PAC, INC.","explanation":"KEEP AMERICA GREAT PAC, INC. spent $3,311,092 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00896365","name":"KEEP AMERICA GREAT PAC, INC.","support":3311092.130000001,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00896365/"]},{"id":"P6_B001282_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$736,529 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $736,529 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":736529,"oppose":0,"events":12},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_B001282_wabznf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$273,078 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Society of Anesthesiologists Po (also direct donor)","explanation":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Political Action Committee spent $273,078 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00255752","name":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Political Action Committee","support":273078.25,"oppose":0,"events":7},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00255752/"]},{"id":"P6_B001282_d0mda8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$259,740 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HERITAGE ACTION FOR AMERICA","explanation":"HERITAGE ACTION FOR AMERICA spent $259,740 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013525","name":"HERITAGE ACTION FOR AMERICA","support":259739.62000000002,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013525/"]},{"id":"P7_B001282_ip0c42","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $11,581,983 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $11,581,983 opposing this member across 234 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":11581983.160000002,"totalSupport":4816692.720000001,"events":234,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Win it Back PAC","oppose":4439887.25},{"name":"FIGHT FOR KENTUCKY","oppose":3841708.85},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":1048052.8600000002},{"name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","oppose":702243.5299999999},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":617600.8}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001282_ktyy5n","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,804 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $54,804 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":54803.59,"oppose":0,"net":54803.59,"events":22,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":52426.24,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":2286.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":90.91,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C00140061","name":"NATIONAL EMERGENCY MEDICINE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":[""]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001282_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24674 employees of NONE gave $1,677,760 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 24674× NONE = $1,677,760. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":24674,"total":1677760,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001282_5lsblt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$172,796 donation spike on 2025-08-13 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-13 this committee recorded $172,796 across 185 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,740.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2025-08-13","amount":172796,"count":185,"baseline":11740,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_5lsbl1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$118,082 donation spike on 2025-08-20 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-20 this committee recorded $118,082 across 118 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,734.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2025-08-20","amount":118082,"count":118,"baseline":15734,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_9m6qpc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109,463 donation spike on 2018-10-17 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-17 this committee recorded $109,463 across 107 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,915.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2018-10-17","amount":109463,"count":107,"baseline":15915,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_5lczw8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,598 donation spike on 2025-11-25 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-25 this committee recorded $96,598 across 138 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,102.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2025-11-25","amount":96598,"count":138,"baseline":10102,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_5lrokn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,060 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $92,060 across 167 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,814.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2025-09-30","amount":92060,"count":167,"baseline":14814,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_7fgycl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,600 donation spike on 2012-09-23 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-23 this committee recorded $89,600 across 70 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,345.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2012-09-23","amount":89600,"count":70,"baseline":10345,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_52q248","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,500 donation spike on 2017-02-24 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-02-24 this committee recorded $88,500 across 56 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,295.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2017-02-24","amount":88500,"count":56,"baseline":8295,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_5lrol9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,956 donation spike on 2025-09-29 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-29 this committee recorded $81,956 across 98 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,678.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2025-09-29","amount":81956,"count":98,"baseline":11678,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_lx7s4p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,975 donation spike on 2014-03-07 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-07 this committee recorded $80,975 across 87 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,837.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2014-03-07","amount":80975,"count":87,"baseline":7837,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P15_B001282_m3x5if","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,550 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $77,550 across 62 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,469.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467571","date":"2011-06-30","amount":77550,"count":62,"baseline":12469,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/"]},{"id":"P19_B001282_lq27wh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Garland “Andy” Barr campaign paid $3,339,523 to 77 surname-matched vendors, top: DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA INC.","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr's campaign paid 148 disbursements totaling $3,339,523 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA INC.","total":374933.66,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA INC.","amount":148741.56,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA INC.","amount":90526.57,"date":"2024-10-28","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA INC.","amount":37966.84,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA","total":367064.55999999994,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA","amount":57909.96,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA","amount":57315.56,"date":"2024-03-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DERRICK ANDERSON FOR VA","amount":46761.45,"date":"2024-06-25","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE ANDERSON GROUP","total":338478.67,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"THE ANDERSON GROUP","amount":87000,"date":"2004-04-08","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"THE ANDERSON GROUP","amount":50000,"date":"2004-11-12","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"THE ANDERSON GROUP","amount":50000,"date":"2004-11-04","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GM ANDERSON & ASSOC","total":199877,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"GM ANDERSON & ASSOC","amount":148000,"date":"2006-10-02","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"GM ANDERSON & ASSOC","amount":32295,"date":"2004-09-13","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"GM ANDERSON & ASSOC","amount":19582,"date":"2006-03-16","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COLLINS ANDERSON PHILP PUBLIC AFFAIRS LLC","total":137500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"COLLINS ANDERSON PHILP PUBLIC AFFAIRS LLC","amount":55000,"date":"2016-02-16","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"COLLINS ANDERSON PHILP PUBLIC AFFAIRS LLC","amount":55000,"date":"2015-12-21","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"COLLINS ANDERSON PHILP PUBLIC AFFAIRS LLC","amount":27500,"date":"2016-03-24","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JESSICA ANDERSON FOR VA","total":130695,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"JESSICA ANDERSON FOR VA","amount":45000,"date":"2025-07-30","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"JESSICA ANDERSON FOR VA","amount":38750,"date":"2025-08-26","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"JESSICA ANDERSON FOR VA","amount":27500,"date":"2025-09-19","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"anderson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DERRICK%20ANDERSON%20FOR%20VA%20INC."]},{"id":"P36_B001282","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 37 total findings","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":37,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_B001282","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$55K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 96% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr received $54,803.59 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($52,426.24 = 96%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":54803.59,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2014":2422.9100000000003,"2016":1374.18,"2018":19258.47,"2020":19917.030000000002,"2022":9590.550000000001,"2024":4886.07},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":52426.24,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":2286.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":90.91,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C00140061","name":"NATIONAL EMERGENCY MEDICINE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":[""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00140061/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_B001282","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $165,000","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr received campaign contributions totaling $165,000 from 29 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 29 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI) ($10,000); GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY ($10,000); ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP ($10,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":29,"totalDollars":165000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP INC PAC","ldaClient":"ENCORE CAPITAL GROUP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES PAC","ldaClient":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001282","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $172,796 on 2025-08-13 (14.7× normal)","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $172,796 on 2025-08-13 — 14.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":342271,"maxRatio":14.7,"maxAmount":172796},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-08-13","amount":172796,"ratio":14.7,"baselineDaily":11740,"count":185,"cmteId":"C00467571","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00467571&min_date=2025-08-13&max_date=2025-08-13"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-02-24","amount":88500,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":8295,"count":56,"cmteId":"C00467571","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00467571&min_date=2017-02-24&max_date=2017-02-24"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-03-07","amount":80975,"ratio":10.3,"baselineDaily":7837,"count":87,"cmteId":"C00467571","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00467571&min_date=2014-03-07&max_date=2014-03-07"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467571/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00467571&min_date=2025-08-13&max_date=2025-08-13"]},{"id":"P78_B001282","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 41 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 41 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (19); daily donation spike (10); ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":41,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":19},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":10},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001282","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_B001282","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Garland “Andy” Barr named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($6.8M total receipts) — top: FRIENDS OF ANDY BARR COMMITTEE","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $6.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: FRIENDS OF ANDY BARR COMMITTEE (C00633792, $5.1M receipts, treasurer RALLS, STEVE). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":6.81,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00633792","name":"FRIENDS OF ANDY BARR COMMITTEE","receipts":5070434.39,"treasurer":"RALLS, STEVE","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633792/"},{"committeeId":"C00618777","name":"ANDY BARR VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1739678.24,"treasurer":"RALLS, STEVE","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00618777/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633792/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00633792/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_B001282","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Garland “Andy” Barr ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.8M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr's FEC-bulk record shows $20.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $55.8M (PAC: $20.8M, individual: $30.4M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.78,"lifetimeReceiptsM":55.77,"lifetimeIndividualM":30.42,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0KY06104"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0KY06104/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_B001282","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Garland “Andy” Barr draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($20.8M PAC / $55.8M total)","explanation":"Garland “Andy” Barr's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($20.8M of $55.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":20.78,"lifetimeReceiptsM":55.77,"pacSharePct":37.3,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0KY06104"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0KY06104/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000605":[{"id":"P2_R000605_b2utgu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"EDWARD JONES gave $191,840 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rounds serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $191,840 from EDWARD JONES, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EDWARD JONES","total":191839.7,"count":3,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.rounds.senate.gov/about-mike","https://www.rounds.senate.gov/issues/committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds"]},{"id":"P2_R000605_eq9d0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERCONTINENTALEXCHANGE, INC. PAC gave $15,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rounds serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $15,000 from INTERCONTINENTALEXCHANGE, INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERCONTINENTALEXCHANGE, INC. PAC","total":15000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.rounds.senate.gov/about-mike","https://www.rounds.senate.gov/issues/committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds"]},{"id":"P2_R000605_tf7hj2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT U gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rounds serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.rounds.senate.gov/about-mike","https://www.rounds.senate.gov/issues/committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds"]},{"id":"P2_R000605_tr6oht","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HUNTSMAN CORPORATION PAC (HUNTSMAN PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rounds serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from HUNTSMAN CORPORATION PAC (HUNTSMAN PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUNTSMAN CORPORATION PAC (HUNTSMAN PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.rounds.senate.gov/about-mike","https://www.rounds.senate.gov/issues/committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds"]},{"id":"P2_R000605_ery15s","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rounds serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.rounds.senate.gov/about-mike","https://www.rounds.senate.gov/issues/committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds"]},{"id":"P2_R000605_akj6vl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rounds serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.rounds.senate.gov/about-mike","https://www.rounds.senate.gov/issues/committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds"]},{"id":"P2_R000605_ruud3w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CNA CITIZENS FOR GOOD GOVERNMENT PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rounds serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CNA CITIZENS FOR GOOD GOVERNMENT PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CNA CITIZENS FOR GOOD GOVERNMENT PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.rounds.senate.gov/about-mike","https://www.rounds.senate.gov/issues/committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds"]},{"id":"P2_R000605_tnz3y3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rounds serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.rounds.senate.gov/about-mike","https://www.rounds.senate.gov/issues/committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds"]},{"id":"P7_R000605_nase3j","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,087,868 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,087,868 opposing this member across 59 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2087867.77,"totalSupport":342888.56,"events":59,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Every Voice Action","oppose":1280303.86},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":388237.71},{"name":"Mayday PAC","oppose":290522.87},{"name":"PROGRESSSIVE KICK INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES","oppose":101350},{"name":"BLUE AMERICA PAC INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE COMMITTEE","oppose":17497.28}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000605_vmou2i","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,186,456 / spent $2,662,122","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00571976","cmteName":"THE PETER NORBECK LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":466782.7,"totalDisbursements":452405.2,"cashOnHand":61953.46},{"cmteId":"C00571976","cmteName":"THE PETER NORBECK LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":426600,"totalDisbursements":413262.5,"cashOnHand":75290.97},{"cmteId":"C00571976","cmteName":"THE PETER NORBECK LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":709982.4,"totalDisbursements":521349.2,"cashOnHand":263924.23},{"cmteId":"C00571976","cmteName":"THE PETER NORBECK LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":904364.5,"totalDisbursements":836325.4,"cashOnHand":331963.31},{"cmteId":"C00571976","cmteName":"THE PETER NORBECK LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":678726.1,"totalDisbursements":438779.3,"cashOnHand":571910.16}],"totalRaised":3186455.7,"totalSpent":2662121.5999999996}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_R000605_kyldgt","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -3%)","explanation":"Of $7,318,444 in itemized individual contributions, $4,520,584 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7318444,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-208247,"$200.01-$499":266289,"$500-$999":806618,"$1000-$1999":1933200,"$2000 and over":4520584},"megaShare":61.8,"smallDonorShare":-2.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000605_8a47a7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,317 donation spike on 2013-08-22 — 14.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-08-22 this committee recorded $96,317 across 90 contributions — 14.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,582.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00532465","date":"2013-08-22","amount":96317,"count":90,"baseline":6582,"ratio":14.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532465/"]},{"id":"P15_R000605_6e8szl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,400 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $91,400 across 77 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,988.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00532465","date":"2014-06-30","amount":91400,"count":77,"baseline":11988,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532465/"]},{"id":"P15_R000605_89o8l6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,700 donation spike on 2013-12-31 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-31 this committee recorded $66,700 across 50 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,898.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00532465","date":"2013-12-31","amount":66700,"count":50,"baseline":10898,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532465/"]},{"id":"P15_R000605_6e6w11","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,400 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $62,400 across 61 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,060.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00532465","date":"2014-03-31","amount":62400,"count":61,"baseline":9060,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532465/"]},{"id":"P19_R000605_v9dslq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rounds campaign paid $6,270,549 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: GRAY, JIM","explanation":"Mike Rounds's campaign paid 110 disbursements totaling $6,270,549 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRAY, JIM","total":1499082.26,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"GRAY, JIM","amount":500000,"date":"2016-11-28","description":"LOAN AMOUNT FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GRAY, JIM","amount":250000,"date":"2018-06-30","description":"LOAN AMOUNT FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GRAY, JIM","amount":250000,"date":"2016-11-28","description":"LOAN AMOUNT FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRAY ROBINSON","total":1003003.75,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","amount":974127.8,"date":"2018-12-03","description":"LEGAL PROCEEDINGS-ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","amount":28875.95,"date":"2019-02-26","description":"LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRAY DAVIS FOR U S SENATE","total":893933,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GRAY DAVIS FOR U S SENATE","amount":893933,"date":"1991-03-14","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1992}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KREBS, JUSTIN","total":501536.26999999984,"count":56,"samples":[{"payee":"KREBS, JUSTIN","amount":12566.93,"date":"2023-10-24","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"krebs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KREBS, JUSTIN","amount":12566.93,"date":"2023-09-25","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"krebs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KREBS, JUSTIN","amount":12200.63,"date":"2021-05-11","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"krebs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROUNDS FOR GOVERNOR","total":367000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"ROUNDS FOR GOVERNOR","amount":150000,"date":"2002-10-08","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"rounds","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"ROUNDS FOR GOVERNOR","amount":100000,"date":"2002-09-19","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"rounds","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"ROUNDS FOR GOVERNOR","amount":100000,"date":"2002-10-22","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"rounds","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROBINSON GRAY STEPP & LAFFITTE LLC","total":257099.85,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ROBINSON GRAY STEPP & LAFFITTE LLC","amount":173294.66,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROBINSON GRAY STEPP & LAFFITTE LLC","amount":83805.19,"date":"2021-01-12","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GRAY"]},{"id":"P36_R000605","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Mike Rounds has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_R000605","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $291,839.7","explanation":"Mike Rounds received campaign contributions totaling $291,839.7 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: EDWARD JONES ($191,839.7); TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($15,000); REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":291839.7,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"EDWARD JONES","ldaClient":"EDWARD JONES","donorTotal":191839.7,"exact":true},{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS PAC","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_R000605","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $96,317 on 2013-08-22 (14.6× normal)","explanation":"Mike Rounds's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $96,317 on 2013-08-22 — 14.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":96317,"maxRatio":14.6,"maxAmount":96317},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-08-22","amount":96317,"ratio":14.6,"baselineDaily":6582,"count":90,"cmteId":"C00532465","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00532465&min_date=2013-08-22&max_date=2013-08-22"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532465/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00532465&min_date=2013-08-22&max_date=2013-08-22"]},{"id":"P66_R000605_2016","pattern_type":"P66_PFD_RAPID_PORTFOLIO_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Disclosed assets grew 5.4× from 2015 to 2016 ($3.2M → $17.5M)","explanation":"Mike Rounds's annual Senate financial disclosures show total disclosed assets grew from $3,206,223 to $17,472,032.5 between filing year 2015 and filing year 2016 — a 5.4× shift. Major year-over-year portfolio shifts indicate windfalls (inheritance, book deal, IPO, business sale), insider-information-timed gains, or strategic asset reorganization. The journalist's question: what happened that year? Cross-reference with public news, the senator's committee actions, and any amendment filings on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_growth","fromYear":2015,"toYear":2016,"fromTotalAssetMid":3206223,"toTotalAssetMid":17472032.5,"ratio":5.45,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ecd30a-0539-4a85-9a21-5deeb5ad32d6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ecd30a-0539-4a85-9a21-5deeb5ad32d6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P68_R000605","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 34 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$4.8M","explanation":"Mike Rounds's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 34 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $4,778,008. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Roundtable Farm Description: Farmland (L (Farm/Ranch, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Aeronics, Inc Company: Aeronics, Inc (Au (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $500,001 - $1,000,000); FRA Farm Description: Farm (Pierre, SD) (Farm/Ranch, $250,001 - $500,000); Hotel 3 Description: Hospitality Propert (Real Estate Commercial, $50,001 - $100,000); Hotel 4 Description: Hospitality Propert (Real Estate Commercial, $50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":34,"totalEstMidpoint":4778008,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Roundtable Farm Description: Farmland (Lyman County, SD) Filer comment: Underlying asset of Roundtable, LLC","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"},{"name":"Aeronics, Inc Company: Aeronics, Inc (Austin, TX) Description: Equipment Manufacturing","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"},{"name":"FRA Farm Description: Farm (Pierre, SD)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"},{"name":"Hotel 3 Description: Hospitality Property (Cedar Rapids, IA)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"},{"name":"Hotel 4 Description: Hospitality Property (Madison, WI)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P71_R000605","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$30,121 in outside earned income — top source: South Dakota Retirement System Pierre, SD ($$30,121.00)","explanation":"Mike Rounds's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $30,121 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: South Dakota Retirement System Pierre, SD ($30,121.00, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":30121,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"South Dakota Retirement System Pierre, SD","amount":"$30,121.00","amountNumeric":30121}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_R000605_2017","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 19 new ticker holdings in 2017 not present in prior PFD filings — including IAU, JNK, BNDX, BSV, VAW, VB","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 19 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: IAU, JNK, BNDX, BSV, VAW, VB, VCR, VEA, VGT, VIS, VMBS, VNQ.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2017,"count":19,"newTickers":["IAU","JNK","BNDX","BSV","VAW","VB","VCR","VEA","VGT","VIS","VMBS","VNQ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17800b13-d908-4774-80b5-99a3a7dcfa75/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17800b13-d908-4774-80b5-99a3a7dcfa75/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_R000605","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 23 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mike Rounds appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 23 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (8); daily donation spike (4); ie attack target (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":23,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":8},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P66_PFD_RAPID_PORTFOLIO_GROWTH","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000605","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_R000605_2019","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 11 ticker holdings between 2018 and 2019 — including IAU, VAW, VCR, VEA, VMBS, VNQ","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 11 ticker holdings present in the 2018 filing but absent in 2019. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: IAU, VAW, VCR, VEA, VMBS, VNQ, VNQI, VO, VOX, VSS, VWO.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2018,2019],"count":11,"divestedTickers":["IAU","VAW","VCR","VEA","VMBS","VNQ","VNQI","VO","VOX","VSS","VWO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/89246d0d-a9ac-43ad-8ad3-280aba29aae2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/89246d0d-a9ac-43ad-8ad3-280aba29aae2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_R000605_2024","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rounds filed 2 amendments to the 2024 Senate annual disclosure — 10 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Mike Rounds's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2024 report alone, with 10 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2024,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":10,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e3d5ac3-c9c5-471f-b048-48ce77b46373/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/037bf296-b21a-4eec-acc6-fd73cf7d9edd/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e3d5ac3-c9c5-471f-b048-48ce77b46373/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/037bf296-b21a-4eec-acc6-fd73cf7d9edd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rounds discloses 19 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 19 unascertainable, 22% of 88 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Mike Rounds's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 19 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 19 unascertainable) across 88 total reported assets — 22% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: FRA, LLC Company: FRA, LLC (Pierre, SD) Description: Farm ownership (--) · Lake Sharpe Investments, LLC Company: Lake Sharpe Investments, LLC (Pierre, SD) Description: Investm (--) · Nordic Venture Partners Fund II, LLC Company: Nordic Venture Partners Fund, II (Sioux Falls, SD) Des (--) · Roundtable, LLC Company: Roundtable, LLC (Fort Pierre, SD) Description: Farm (--) · Bird Dog Hospitality Fund 1, LLC Company: Bird Dog Hospitality Fund 1, LLC (Sioux Falls, SD) Descrip (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":19,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":19,"totalAssets":88,"opaqueRatio":0.216,"samples":[{"asset":"FRA, LLC Company: FRA, LLC (Pierre, SD) Description: Farm ownership","value":"--"},{"asset":"Lake Sharpe Investments, LLC Company: Lake Sharpe Investments, LLC (Pierre, SD) Description: Investm","value":"--"},{"asset":"Nordic Venture Partners Fund II, LLC Company: Nordic Venture Partners Fund, II (Sioux Falls, SD) Des","value":"--"},{"asset":"Roundtable, LLC Company: Roundtable, LLC (Fort Pierre, SD) Description: Farm","value":"--"},{"asset":"Bird Dog Hospitality Fund 1, LLC Company: Bird Dog Hospitality Fund 1, LLC (Sioux Falls, SD) Descrip","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rounds discloses 16 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 16 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Roundtable Farm Description: Farmland (Lyman County, SD) Fil · Hotel 1 Description: Hospitality Property (Chadron, NE) · Hotel 2 Description: Hospitality Property (Oskaloosa, IA) · Hotel 3 Description: Hospitality Property (Cedar Rapids, IA).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":16,"properties":[{"name":"Roundtable Farm Description: Farmland (Lyman County, SD) Filer comment: Underlying asset of Roundtable, LLC","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Hotel 1 Description: Hospitality Property (Chadron, NE)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Hotel 2 Description: Hospitality Property (Oskaloosa, IA)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Hotel 3 Description: Hospitality Property (Cedar Rapids, IA)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Hotel 4 Description: Hospitality Property (Madison, WI)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Hotel 5 Description: Hospitality Property (Bismarck, ND)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Hotel 1 Description: Hospitality Property (Marshall, MN)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Hotel 2 Description: Hospitality Property (Valentine, NE)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rounds's 2025 PFD: 31 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (35% of 89 reported assets)","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 31 reported holdings owned by Spouse (0), Joint (31), or Dependent (0) — 35% of 89 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: BankWest (Pierre, SD) Type: Checking · Joint: Lake Sharpe Investments, LLC Company: Lake Sharpe Investments, LLC (Pierre, SD)  · Joint: Nordic Venture Partners Fund II, LLC Company: Nordic Venture Partners Fund, II ( · Joint: Locals Love Us, LLC Company: Locals Love Us, LLC (Sioux Falls, SD) Description: .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":0,"Joint":31,"Dependent":0,"Self":57},"totalAssets":89,"familyShare":0.348,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"BankWest (Pierre, SD) Type: Checking","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Lake Sharpe Investments, LLC Company: Lake Sharpe Investments, LLC (Pierre, SD) ","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Nordic Venture Partners Fund II, LLC Company: Nordic Venture Partners Fund, II (","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Locals Love Us, LLC Company: Locals Love Us, LLC (Sioux Falls, SD) Description: ","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Novita, LLC Company: Novita, LLC (Brookings, SD) Description: Agriculture Techno","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rounds's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Roundtable Farm Description: Farmland (Lyman County, SD) Filer comment: Underlying asset of Roundtab","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_R000605","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rounds's campaign paid $267,345 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: FOR GOVERNOR, ROUNDS ($218,123)","explanation":"Mike Rounds's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 6 payments totaling $267,345 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FOR GOVERNOR, ROUNDS ($218,123 across 3 payments, services: STATE DISBURSEMENT RPT PER FEC · REIMBURSE FOR EXP). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":267345.26,"paymentCount":6,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FOR GOVERNOR, ROUNDS","total":218122.75,"count":3,"descriptions":["STATE DISBURSEMENT RPT PER FEC","REIMBURSE FOR EXP"]},{"payee":"WATSON ROUNDS","total":49222.51,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONSULTANT - LEGAL"]}],"surname":"rounds"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4SD00049&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rounds (South Dakota) discloses 11 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Minnesota (4)","explanation":"Mike Rounds represents South Dakota but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 11 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than South Dakota (1 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Minnesota: 4 · Nebraska: 3 · Iowa: 2 · Wisconsin: 1. Sample: Hotel 1 Description: Hospitality Property (Chadron, NE) (Nebraska) · Hotel 2 Description: Hospitality Property (Oskaloosa, IA) (Iowa) · Hotel 3 Description: Hospitality Property (Cedar Rapids, IA) (Iowa).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"South Dakota","inStateCount":1,"outOfStateCount":11,"byState":{"MN":4,"NE":3,"IA":2,"WI":1,"ND":1},"samples":[{"name":"Hotel 1 Description: Hospitality Property (Chadron, NE)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$15,001 - $50,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"Hotel 2 Description: Hospitality Property (Oskaloosa, IA)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$15,001 - $50,000","state":"IA"},{"name":"Hotel 3 Description: Hospitality Property (Cedar Rapids, IA)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"IA"},{"name":"Hotel 4 Description: Hospitality Property (Madison, WI)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"WI"},{"name":"Hotel 5 Description: Hospitality Property (Bismarck, ND)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"ND"},{"name":"Hotel 1 Description: Hospitality Property (Marshall, MN)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"MN"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_R000605","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rounds filed 8 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 156 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Mike Rounds has filed 8 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 156 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2018 (156d late, filed 10/18/2018) · 2017 (109d late, filed 09/01/2017) · 2017 (109d late, filed 09/01/2017) · 2013 (92d late, filed 08/15/2013).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":8,"maxDaysLate":156,"samples":[{"year":2018,"filingDate":"10/18/2018","daysLate":156,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/12f78ccf-a99a-43b1-beb9-ed372ca3e4ab/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2017,"filingDate":"09/01/2017","daysLate":109,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17800b13-d908-4774-80b5-99a3a7dcfa75/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 2)"},{"year":2017,"filingDate":"09/01/2017","daysLate":109,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16ad810a-4300-420d-a70d-c0e3f7b130b3/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2013,"filingDate":"08/15/2013","daysLate":92,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/1B6A535A-4308-4FFE-9481-7FB31DA7A316/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/12f78ccf-a99a-43b1-beb9-ed372ca3e4ab/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17800b13-d908-4774-80b5-99a3a7dcfa75/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16ad810a-4300-420d-a70d-c0e3f7b130b3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rounds discloses 2 precious-metal holdings on 2025 PFD — IAU - iShares Gold Trust Shares of the iShares Gol, IAU - iShares Gold Trust Shares of the iShares Gol","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 precious-metal positions (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: IAU - iShares Gold Trust Shares of the iShares Gold Trus · IAU - iShares Gold Trust Shares of the iShares Gold Trus.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"IAU - iShares Gold Trust Shares of the iShares Gold Trus","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"IAU - iShares Gold Trust Shares of the iShares Gold Trus","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P135_R000605","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rounds's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $16.5M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Mike Rounds's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $16.5M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 38; earned-income on first filing: $382,249.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":16521018.5,"assetCount":38,"earnedIncome":382249,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c4a4d60c-ab33-4b83-81af-e5ae93b6a299/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c4a4d60c-ab33-4b83-81af-e5ae93b6a299/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_R000605","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rounds draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.9M PAC / $27.8M total)","explanation":"Mike Rounds's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.9M of $27.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":27.75,"pacSharePct":39.4,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"S4SD00049"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4SD00049/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_R000605","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rounds triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mike Rounds accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rounds's 2025 PFD shows 7 broad-market index funds (30% of 23 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 of 23 ticker holdings (30%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: BND, VEA, BNDX, VWO, VO, VB, BSV.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":7,"totalTickers":23,"ratio":0.3,"broadTickers":["BND","VEA","BNDX","VWO","VO","VB","BSV"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rounds's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 88 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 88 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":88,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_R000605","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rounds's PFD net worth declined 84% year-over-year — 2014 $16.35M → 2015 $2.66M","explanation":"Mike Rounds's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $16.35M in 2014 to $2.66M in 2015 — a 84% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2014","priorNetWorthM":16.35,"latestYear":"2015","latestNetWorthM":2.66,"declinePct":83.75,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6b217591-2f4f-437c-8b21-0969b8fa5436/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a5bbacac-45df-45c3-ab8c-c372681bb690/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a5bbacac-45df-45c3-ab8c-c372681bb690/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6b217591-2f4f-437c-8b21-0969b8fa5436/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_SD_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"LOW","headline":"SD delegation: Mike Rounds & John Thune both flagged on 8 shared detector types","explanation":"Both senators from SD — Mike Rounds and John Thune — are flagged on the same 8 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 0 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P74, P79, P82, P83, P87, P90, P93, P95.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"SD","juniorSenatorBid":"T000250","juniorSenatorName":"John Thune","sharedDetectorCount":8,"sharedHighCount":0,"sharedDetectors":["P74","P79","P82","P83","P87","P90","P93","P95"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000605","https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000250"]},{"id":"P193_R000605_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rounds — 46 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Mike Rounds's 2025 Senate PFD shows 46 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":46,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11af92d3-b8b3-41c5-913b-1c04f6df8b17/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001321":[{"id":"P2_B001321_quo4rb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Tom Barrett serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Barrett_(Michigan_politician)","http://barrett.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-tom-barrett-named-influential-house-committees-tapped-subcommittee","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001321"]},{"id":"P2_B001321_m5bezr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INSURPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Tom Barrett serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from INSURPAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INSURPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Barrett_(Michigan_politician)","http://barrett.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-tom-barrett-named-influential-house-committees-tapped-subcommittee","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001321"]},{"id":"P6_B001321_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,503,490 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $1,503,490 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 104 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":1503489.5899999994,"oppose":0,"events":104}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_B001321_x91pen","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,130,253 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from MICHIGAN REPUBLICAN PARTY","explanation":"MICHIGAN REPUBLICAN PARTY spent $1,130,253 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 67 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00041160","name":"MICHIGAN REPUBLICAN PARTY","support":1130253.300000001,"oppose":0,"events":67}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00041160/"]},{"id":"P6_B001321_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$839,128 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NRCC","explanation":"NRCC spent $839,128 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NRCC","support":839127.8300000001,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P6_B001321_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$666,724 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","explanation":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION spent $666,724 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":666723.67,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P7_B001321_vc8gcj","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $29,283,170 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $29,283,170 opposing this member across 409 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":29283170.22999999,"totalSupport":4598754.679999997,"events":409,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":14414013.600000001},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":9301679.25},{"name":"Giffords PAC","oppose":1687371.5999999999},{"name":"SCHOOL FREEDOM FUND","oppose":1109400.1700000002},{"name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","oppose":618621.07}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001321_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9864 employees of RETIRED gave $1,724,501 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9864× RETIRED = $1,724,501. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":9864,"total":1724501,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001321_m0ewob","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,613 donation spike on 2023-09-26 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-26 this committee recorded $78,613 across 34 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,011.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793976","date":"2023-09-26","amount":78613,"count":34,"baseline":7011,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793976/"]},{"id":"P15_B001321_7bwsi4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,800 donation spike on 2022-03-11 — 15.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-11 this committee recorded $50,800 across 31 contributions — 15.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,255.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793976","date":"2022-03-11","amount":50800,"count":31,"baseline":3255,"ratio":15.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793976/"]},{"id":"P19_B001321_ie70oz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Barrett campaign paid $1,105,533 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: BARRETT FOR GOVERNOR","explanation":"Tom Barrett's campaign paid 56 disbursements totaling $1,105,533 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARRETT FOR GOVERNOR","total":380021.24999999994,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BARRETT FOR GOVERNOR","amount":188179.33,"date":"2009-06-30","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BARRETT FOR GOVERNOR","amount":140020,"date":"2009-09-30","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BARRETT FOR GOVERNOR","amount":51821.92,"date":"2009-12-31","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARRETT FOR MI-07","total":113866.85,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BARRETT FOR MI-07","amount":68462.86,"date":"2022-09-13","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BARRETT FOR MI-07","amount":24613.7,"date":"2022-09-28","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BARRETT FOR MI-07","amount":20790.29,"date":"2022-10-18","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARRETT, MARY","total":109114.37000000001,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"BARRETT, MARY","amount":30000,"date":"2025-02-07","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BARRETT, MARY","amount":20000,"date":"2023-04-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BARRETT, MARY","amount":15104.38,"date":"2024-10-31","description":"SALARY/EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT: SEE ITEMIZATION BELOW/MILEAGE","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WHOLIHAN, DANIEL","total":75200,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"WHOLIHAN, DANIEL","amount":20000,"date":"2024-11-11","description":"CAMPAIGN FINANCE","surnameMatched":"wholihan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WHOLIHAN, DANIEL","amount":15000,"date":"2025-07-31","description":"CAMPAIGN FINANCE","surnameMatched":"wholihan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"WHOLIHAN, DANIEL","amount":10000,"date":"2022-11-15","description":"CAMPAIGN FINANCE/MGT","surnameMatched":"wholihan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RACHEL BARRETT AND COMPANY, LLC","total":73988.5,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RACHEL BARRETT AND COMPANY, LLC","amount":39848.5,"date":"2022-07-12","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RACHEL BARRETT AND COMPANY, LLC","amount":34140,"date":"2022-05-02","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RACHEL BARRETT & CO","total":69194.1,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"RACHEL BARRETT & CO","amount":20114.6,"date":"2019-02-15","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RACHEL BARRETT & CO","amount":17217.9,"date":"2018-07-31","description":"FUNDRAISING COMMISSION & CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RACHEL BARRETT & CO","amount":16141.6,"date":"2018-10-30","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barrett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BARRETT%20FOR%20GOVERNOR"]},{"id":"P36_B001321","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Tom Barrett has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_B001321","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $25,000","explanation":"Tom Barrett received campaign contributions totaling $25,000 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS ($5,000); MICHIGAN FARM BUREAU ($5,000); INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":25000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"MICHIGAN FARM BUREAU PAC","ldaClient":"MICHIGAN FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS PAC","ldaClient":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001321","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $78,613 on 2023-09-26 (11.2× normal)","explanation":"Tom Barrett's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $78,613 on 2023-09-26 — 11.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":129413,"maxRatio":15.6,"maxAmount":78613},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-09-26","amount":78613,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":7011,"count":34,"cmteId":"C00793976","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00793976&min_date=2023-09-26&max_date=2023-09-26"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-11","amount":50800,"ratio":15.6,"baselineDaily":3255,"count":31,"cmteId":"C00793976","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00793976&min_date=2022-03-11&max_date=2022-03-11"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793976/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00793976&min_date=2023-09-26&max_date=2023-09-26"]},{"id":"P90_B001321","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Barrett's campaign paid $867,037 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: BARRETT FOR GOVERNOR ($380,021)","explanation":"Tom Barrett's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 24 payments totaling $867,037 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BARRETT FOR GOVERNOR ($380,021 across 3 payments, services: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":867036.5799999998,"paymentCount":24,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BARRETT FOR GOVERNOR","total":380021.24999999994,"count":3,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"BARRETT FOR WISCONSIN","total":181128,"count":6,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION (NON-FED CAND.)","TOM BARRETT, GOVERNOR  WI - 2010 NON-FEDERAL/VOLUNTARY","TOM BARRETT, GOVERNOR  WI - 2012 NON-FEDERAL/VOLUNTARY"]},{"payee":"BARRETT, MARY","total":94009.99,"count":5,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING/EXP REIMB: SEE ITEMIZATION BELOW"]},{"payee":"RACHEL BARRETT & CO","total":69194.1,"count":4,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING COMMISSION & CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"YOUNG, BARRETT","total":43884.61,"count":2,"descriptions":["CAREY ACCT: SALARY"]}],"surname":"barrett"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2MI07123&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_B001321","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Barrett named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: BARRETT BRIGADE VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Tom Barrett appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BARRETT BRIGADE VICTORY FUND (C00817874, $1.2M receipts, treasurer WHOLIHAN, DANIEL). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.17,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00817874","name":"BARRETT BRIGADE VICTORY FUND","receipts":1167479.92,"treasurer":"WHOLIHAN, DANIEL","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817874/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817874/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00817874/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"D000530":[{"id":"P2_D000530_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Chris Deluzio serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Veterans' Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000530","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Deluzio","http://deluzio.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_D000530_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Chris Deluzio serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Veterans' Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000530","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Deluzio","http://deluzio.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_D000530_nu2bsl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTL ASSOCI OF SHEET METAL AIR RAIL AND  gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Chris Deluzio serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTL ASSOCI OF SHEET METAL AIR RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION (SMART) WORKERS PAL, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTL ASSOCI OF SHEET METAL AIR RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION (SMART) WORKERS PAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Veterans' Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000530","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Deluzio","http://deluzio.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_D000530_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$884,140 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $884,140 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":884140.2,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P7_D000530_owglif","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,585,647 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,585,647 opposing this member across 379 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3585646.9299999997,"totalSupport":1532121.1000000003,"events":379,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3524039.67},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":59637.26},{"name":"WOMEN SPEAK OUT PAC","oppose":1970}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000530_xja7s3","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$16,492 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $16,492 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFSCME COUNCIL 13.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":16491.52,"oppose":0,"net":16491.52,"events":38,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":11321.99,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":4624.4400000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":545.0899999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006499","name":"EASTERN ATLANTIC STATE REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_D000530_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5438 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,146,744 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5438× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,146,744. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":5438,"total":2146744,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000530_bl37qp","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chris Deluzio campaign paid $576,311 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Chris Deluzio's campaign paid 85 disbursements totaling $576,311 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DELUZIO, MARK","total":160392.43000000002,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DELUZIO, MARK","amount":113492.35,"date":"2022-08-03","description":"IN-KIND - MEETINGS/TRAVEL/SHIPPING: SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"deluzio","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DELUZIO, MARK","amount":19383.91,"date":"2022-02-09","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT: SEE ITEMIZATION BELOW","surnameMatched":"deluzio","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DELUZIO, MARK","amount":15380.14,"date":"2022-07-18","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT: SEE ITEMIZATION BELOW","surnameMatched":"deluzio","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DELUZIO, MATTHEW","total":9154.27,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DELUZIO, MATTHEW","amount":9154.27,"date":"2024-05-22","description":"REIMBURSEMENT- SEE BELOW IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"deluzio","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DELUZIO RYAN","total":8000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DELUZIO RYAN","amount":8000,"date":"2024-12-08","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"deluzio","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P36_D000530","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Chris Deluzio has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_D000530_Transport_Workers_Union_of_Ame_117944","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Chris Deluzio sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"\". The witness Mr. Andre Sutton (Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117944","title":"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andre Sutton","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"]},{"id":"P47_D000530_International_Brotherhood_of_T_117941","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Chris Deluzio sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: How Trucking Supports American Communities\"\". The witness Mr. Cole Scandaglia (International Brotherhood of Teamsters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"117941","title":"\"America Builds: How Trucking Supports American Communities\"","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cole Scandaglia","witnessOrg":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117941"},{"source":"donor","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117941","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"]},{"id":"P47_D000530_Seafarers_International_Union__117821","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Seafarers International Union of North America testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Chris Deluzio sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Schoeneman (Seafarers International Union of North America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","eventId":"117821","title":"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-02-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Schoeneman","witnessOrg":"Seafarers International Union of North America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_D000530_United_Steelworkers_116770","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Steelworkers testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Chris Deluzio sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2024-02-15 held a hearing titled \"\"Implementation of Buy America Provisions: Stakeholder Perspectives\"\". The witness Ms. Megan Salrin (United Steelworkers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"116770","title":"\"Implementation of Buy America Provisions: Stakeholder Perspectives\"","date":"2024-02-15T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Megan Salrin","witnessOrg":"United Steelworkers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116770"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"PA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STEELWORKERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116770","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STEELWORKERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000530_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115276","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Chris Deluzio sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"115276","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC (ALPA PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(ALPA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(ALPA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000530_Transport_Workers_Union_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Chris Deluzio sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Gary Peterson (Transport Workers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Gary Peterson","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"]},{"id":"P47_D000530_International_Brotherhood_of_T_115824","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Chris Deluzio sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Freight Forward: Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America\". The witness Mr. Cole Scandaglia (International Brotherhood of Teamsters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"115824","title":"Freight Forward: Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America","date":"2023-05-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cole Scandaglia","witnessOrg":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115824"},{"source":"donor","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115824","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"]},{"id":"P47_D000530_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115681","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Chris Deluzio sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115681","title":"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce","date":"2023-04-19T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC (ALPA PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(ALPA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(ALPA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P61_D000530","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $175,000","explanation":"Chris Deluzio received campaign contributions totaling $175,000 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HEAT AND FROST INSULA ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":175000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC (ALPA PAC)","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTL ASSOC OF HEAT & FROST INSULATORS AND ALLIED WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HEAT AND FROST INSULATORS AND ALLIED WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_D000530","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Deluzio's campaign paid $8,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: DELUZIO RYAN ($8,000)","explanation":"Chris Deluzio's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $8,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DELUZIO RYAN ($8,000 across 1 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":8000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DELUZIO RYAN","total":8000,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"deluzio"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2PA17103&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"F000454":[{"id":"P2_F000454_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $34,700 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $34,700 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":34700,"count":10,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_v5nr1m","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL AC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_tgc0dx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_htvobh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC. FEDERAL POLITI gave $9,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $9,000 from PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AKA PRUDENTIAL FEDERAL PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AKA PRUDENTIAL FEDERAL PAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_y92ulz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_oeozus","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANS UNION LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANS UNION LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANS UNION LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_64r7e3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BACKPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from BACKPAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BACKPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_c5qonj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_fxoqm6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_yw9bsj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_4md4va","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_ao4o8x","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ONLINE LENDERS ALLIANCE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from ONLINE LENDERS ALLIANCE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ONLINE LENDERS ALLIANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_jogisf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP POLITICAL ACTION COM gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from FIFTH THIRD BANCORP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000454_hv4tle","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BMO FINANCIAL CORP GODVERNANCE FUND gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bill Foster serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from BMO FINANCIAL CORP GODVERNANCE FUND, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BMO FINANCIAL CORP GODVERNANCE FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.billfoster.com/meet-bill/bills-congressional-career/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000454","http://foster.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_F000454_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$796,891 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $796,891 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":796891,"oppose":0,"events":9},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P7_F000454_73btx5","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,177,977 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,177,977 opposing this member across 91 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4177976.9900000007,"totalSupport":936278.3,"events":91,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":2337722.7699999996},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":758156},{"name":"AMERICAN UNITY PAC INC","oppose":528534.7},{"name":"New Prosperity Foundation; The","oppose":270323.92},{"name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","oppose":193453.47}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_F000454_s2k9pt","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,432 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $103,432 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":103432,"events":3,"byYear":{"2010":103432},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":99952,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":3480,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_F000454_t3c6dy","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$164,266 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $164,266 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":164265.63,"oppose":0,"net":164265.63,"events":66,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":37342,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":34324.34999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":31866.72,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":27271.2,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":23192,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000454_8kqs22","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Foster campaign paid $14,172,825 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","explanation":"Bill Foster's campaign paid 92 disbursements totaling $14,172,825 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","total":8234268.989999999,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","amount":1305785.7,"date":"2004-09-29","description":"FEA:DIRECT MAIL - GOTV","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","amount":1023003.28,"date":"2006-09-01","description":"FEA:DIRECT MAIL - GOTV","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","amount":957000,"date":"2004-10-12","description":"FEA:EXEMPT/SLATE CARDS-GOTV","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES INC.","total":1742183.8900000001,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":200000,"date":"2016-01-11","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":193967.32,"date":"2015-07-14","description":"LIST RENTAL/POSTAGE/DELIVERY SERVICE","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":174793.75,"date":"2015-07-02","description":"PRINTING/LIST RENTAL/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES R. FOSTER & ASSOCIATES INC.","total":544920.3699999999,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES R. FOSTER & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":150440.1,"date":"2015-05-04","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JAMES R. FOSTER & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":132305.46,"date":"2015-04-14","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JAMES R. FOSTER & ASSOCIATES INC.","amount":92182.41,"date":"2015-02-24","description":"POSTAGE/LIST RENTAL","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES FOSTER AND ASSOCIATES","total":510366.04,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER AND ASSOCIATES","amount":102931.82,"date":"2012-09-05","description":"ADVERTISING: MAILERS AND HANDOUTS","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER AND ASSOCIATES","amount":100987.04,"date":"2012-09-17","description":"ADVERTISING: MAILERS, LETTERHEAD","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER AND ASSOCIATES","amount":82436.55,"date":"2011-04-20","description":"DIRECT MAIL, LETTERHEAD, ENVEL","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMPBELL, FOSTER L","total":500000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMPBELL, FOSTER L","amount":250000,"date":"2017-09-30","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CAMPBELL, FOSTER L","amount":150000,"date":"2016-11-02","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CAMPBELL, FOSTER L","amount":100000,"date":"2016-12-08","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES, INC.","total":490891.32999999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":121504.93,"date":"2012-10-16","description":"PARTY DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":111702,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"PARTY DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":89132,"date":"2010-10-19","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"foster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JAMES%20FOSTER%20%26%20ASSOCIATES"]},{"id":"P36_F000454","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Bill Foster has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_F000454_Export_Import_Bank_of_the_Unit_119072","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Export-Import Bank of the United States testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank\". The witness The Honorable John Jovanovic (Export-Import Bank of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"119072","title":"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank","date":"2026-03-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable John Jovanovic","witnessOrg":"Export-Import Bank of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_F000454_Structured_Finance_Association_118957","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Structured Finance Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market\". The witness Mr. Michael Bright (Structured Finance Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118957","title":"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market","date":"2026-02-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Michael Bright","witnessOrg":"Structured Finance Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957"},{"source":"donor","name":"STRUCTURED FINANCE COALITION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (STRUCTURED FINANCE PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=STRUCTURED%20FINANCE%20COALITION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(STRUCTURED%20FINANCE%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=STRUCTURED%20FINANCE%20COALITION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(STRUCTURED%20FINANCE%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_F000454_Securities_Industry_and_Financ_118488","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-15 held a hearing titled \"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead\". The witness The Honorable Ken Bentsen (Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118488","title":"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead","date":"2025-07-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Ken Bentsen","witnessOrg":"Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488"},{"source":"donor","name":"SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SECURITIES%20INDUSTRY%20AND%20FINANCIAL%20MARKETS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SECURITIES%20INDUSTRY%20AND%20FINANCIAL%20MARKETS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000454_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000454_National_Association_of_Home_B_117970","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117970","title":"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America","date":"2025-03-04T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_F000454_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000454_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000454_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000454_Alliance_to_Counter_Crime_Onli_115542","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alliance to Counter Crime Online testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Foster sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"Follow the Money: The CCP’s Business Model Fueling the Fentanyl Crisis\". The witness Ms. Gretchen Peters (Alliance to Counter Crime Online) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"115542","title":"Follow the Money: The CCP’s Business Model Fueling the Fentanyl Crisis","date":"2023-03-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Gretchen Peters","witnessOrg":"Alliance to Counter Crime Online","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115542"},{"source":"donor","name":"ONLINE LENDERS ALLIANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ONLINE%20LENDERS%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115542","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ONLINE%20LENDERS%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P58_F000454","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$164K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 23% from COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","explanation":"Bill Foster received $164,265.63 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION ($37,342 = 23%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":164265.63,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":83141.33999999998,"2012":59785.490000000005,"2014":13339.47,"2016":87.13,"2020":26,"2022":30029.320000000003},"corpCount":12},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":37342,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":34324.34999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":31866.72,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":27271.2,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":23192,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_F000454","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $164,000","explanation":"Bill Foster received campaign contributions totaling $164,000 from 27 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 27 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000); ERNST & YOUNG LLP ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":27,"totalDollars":164000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_F000454","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bill Foster appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (14); hearing witness donor (9); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":14},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000454","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_F000454","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Foster's campaign paid $9,816,028 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES ($8,234,269)","explanation":"Bill Foster's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 52 payments totaling $9,816,028 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES ($8,234,269 across 30 payments, services: FEA:DIRECT MAIL - GOTV · FEA:EXEMPT/SLATE CARDS-GOTV · POSTAGE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":9816028.190000001,"paymentCount":52,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","total":8234268.989999999,"count":30,"descriptions":["FEA:DIRECT MAIL - GOTV","FEA:EXEMPT/SLATE CARDS-GOTV","POSTAGE"]},{"payee":"JAMES FOSTER AND ASSOCIATES","total":510366.04,"count":7,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING: MAILERS AND HANDOUTS","ADVERTISING: MAILERS, LETTERHEAD","DIRECT MAIL, LETTERHEAD, ENVEL"]},{"payee":"FOSTER GARVEY PC","total":278232.22000000003,"count":5,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEES"]},{"payee":"CAMPBELL, FOSTER L","total":250000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN"]},{"payee":"JAMES R FOSTER & ASSOCIATES","total":190438.4,"count":3,"descriptions":["EXEMPT / MAIL"]}],"surname":"foster"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8IL14067&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P137_F000454","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Foster ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $64M across 20 cycles","explanation":"Bill Foster's FEC-bulk record shows $63.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 20 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":63.65,"cycleCount":20,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8IL14067"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL14067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_F000454","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Foster's PAC funding concentrates 35% in Finance ($0.06M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"Bill Foster's PAC donors concentrate 35% in the Finance industry — $0.06M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.06M · Technology $0.04M · Labor $0.02M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":34.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.06,"Technology":0.04,"Labor":0.02,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL14067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"S001225":[{"id":"P2_S001225_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric Sorensen serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://sorensen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://sorensen.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Sorensen_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_S001225_c0mrn6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKE gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric Sorensen serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://sorensen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://sorensen.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Sorensen_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_S001225_tjkdmf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED AUTO WORKERS V CAP gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric Sorensen serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from UNITED AUTO WORKERS V CAP, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED AUTO WORKERS V CAP","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://sorensen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://sorensen.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Sorensen_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_S001225_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric Sorensen serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://sorensen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://sorensen.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Sorensen_(politician)"]},{"id":"P6_S001225_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$817,169 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $817,169 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":817169,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_S001225_ufagyl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$615,160 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from 314 Action Fund (also direct donor)","explanation":"314 Action Fund spent $615,160 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00633248","name":"314 Action Fund","support":615160,"oppose":0,"events":3},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"314 ACTION FUND","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633248/"]},{"id":"P7_S001225_cpaws3","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,204,702 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,204,702 opposing this member across 50 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1204702.3600000003,"totalSupport":1913367.1399999997,"events":50,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1117911.76},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":86790.6}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001225_eimi4b","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,036 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,036 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10401.39,"oppose":365.26,"net":10036.13,"events":13,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":10401.39,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":365.26,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O "]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001225_yss6s0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $206,806 / spent $182,117","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00846071","cmteName":"STORM PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":136013.7,"totalDisbursements":117312.9,"cashOnHand":18700.81},{"cmteId":"C00846071","cmteName":"STORM PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":70792.2,"totalDisbursements":64803.9,"cashOnHand":24689.09}],"totalRaised":206805.90000000002,"totalSpent":182116.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001225_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5548 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,874,312 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5548× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,874,312. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":5548,"total":1874312,"years":["2002","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001225_rucu42","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,535 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $50,535 across 39 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,158.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793935","date":"2023-03-31","amount":50535,"count":39,"baseline":6158,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793935/"]},{"id":"P19_S001225_fbxxsw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric Sorensen campaign paid $2,338,869 to 47 surname-matched vendors, top: DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO L","explanation":"Eric Sorensen's campaign paid 138 disbursements totaling $2,338,869 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO LLP","total":1191500,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO LLP","amount":390000,"date":"2004-07-07","description":"PRODUCTION: VIDEO","surnameMatched":"kraft","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO LLP","amount":171500,"date":"2004-08-03","description":"PRODUCTION: VIDEO","surnameMatched":"kraft","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO LLP","amount":139000,"date":"2004-08-03","description":"PRODUCTION: CONTROL ROOM/SATELLITE","surnameMatched":"kraft","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MISCHER ENTERPRISE, INC. C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO., LLP","total":275000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MISCHER ENTERPRISE, INC. C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO., LLP","amount":137500,"date":"2004-08-18","description":"PRODUCTION: CREATIVE","surnameMatched":"kraft","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MISCHER ENTERPRISE, INC. C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO., LLP","amount":137500,"date":"2004-07-13","description":"PRODUCTION SPECIAL PROGRAMMING","surnameMatched":"kraft","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE KRAFT HEINZ COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":146162.13,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE KRAFT HEINZ COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":146162.13,"date":"2015-12-10","description":"","surnameMatched":"kraft","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROWN,KRAFT & COMPANY LLP","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROWN,KRAFT & COMPANY LLP","amount":100000,"date":"2004-06-15","description":"PRODUCTION: VIDEO","surnameMatched":"kraft","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SORENSEN, JESSICA","total":77182.09,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SORENSEN, JESSICA","amount":34134.84,"date":"2015-04-14","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sorensen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SORENSEN, JESSICA","amount":12238.5,"date":"2015-07-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sorensen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SORENSEN, JESSICA","amount":10000,"date":"2016-09-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"sorensen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KRAFT, JONATHAN A. MR.","total":75800,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KRAFT, JONATHAN A. MR.","amount":75800,"date":"2012-10-25","description":"IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kraft","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DMP%20BOSTON%20'04%20C%2FO%20BROWN"]},{"id":"P36_S001225","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Eric Sorensen has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_S001225_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Eric Sorensen sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001225_Minnesota_Corn_Growers_Associa_117549","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Minnesota Corn Growers Association testified before House Agriculture — also a $4,500 donor","explanation":"Eric Sorensen sits on House Agriculture, which on 2024-07-23 held a hearing titled \"“Financial Conditions in Farm Country”\". The witness Dr. Dana Allen-Tully (Minnesota Corn Growers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"117549","title":"“Financial Conditions in Farm Country”","date":"2024-07-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Dana Allen-Tully","witnessOrg":"Minnesota Corn Growers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117549"},{"source":"donor","name":"ILLINOIS CORN GROWERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT FUND","total":4500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ILLINOIS%20CORN%20GROWERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20INVOLVEMENT%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117549","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ILLINOIS%20CORN%20GROWERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20INVOLVEMENT%20FUND"]},{"id":"P47_S001225_National_Association_of_Corn_G_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Corn Growers testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $4,500 donor","explanation":"Eric Sorensen sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Tom Haag (National Association of Corn Growers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Haag","witnessOrg":"National Association of Corn Growers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"ILLINOIS CORN GROWERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT FUND","total":4500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ILLINOIS%20CORN%20GROWERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20INVOLVEMENT%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ILLINOIS%20CORN%20GROWERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20INVOLVEMENT%20FUND"]},{"id":"P61_S001225","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $180,000","explanation":"Eric Sorensen received campaign contributions totaling $180,000 from 23 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328 ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":23,"totalDollars":180000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_S001225","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 17 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Eric Sorensen appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 17 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (4); hearing witness donor (3); ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":17,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001225","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001225","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric Sorensen's campaign paid $116,592 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: SORENSEN, JESSICA ($77,182)","explanation":"Eric Sorensen's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 10 payments totaling $116,592 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SORENSEN, JESSICA ($77,182 across 6 payments, services: FUNDRAISING CONSULTING · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":116592.35,"paymentCount":10,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SORENSEN, JESSICA","total":77182.09,"count":6,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"SORENSEN, BROOKE","total":33680.26,"count":3,"descriptions":["FIELD CONSULTING","EVENT CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"SORENSEN MEDIA GROUP","total":5730,"count":1,"descriptions":["RADIO ADS K57 AND POWER 98"]}],"surname":"sorensen"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2IL17147&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"V000129":[{"id":"P2_V000129_6z9no5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS gave $89,062 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Valadao serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture) and received $89,062 from EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMMER MAJORITY BUILDERS","total":89061.84,"count":4,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Budget","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://valadao.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=VLZIBOWQKTGSK","https://valadao.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000129"]},{"id":"P2_V000129_3roard","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"FARMERS FOR THE VALLEY PAC gave $61,246 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"David Valadao serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture) and received $61,246 from FARMERS FOR THE VALLEY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FARMERS FOR THE VALLEY PAC","total":61246.33,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Budget","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://valadao.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=VLZIBOWQKTGSK","https://valadao.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000129"]},{"id":"P2_V000129_cq3d5f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GROW THE MAJORITY CA gave $38,688 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"David Valadao serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Agriculture) and received $38,688 from GROW THE MAJORITY CA, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GROW THE MAJORITY CA","total":38688.15,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Budget","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://valadao.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=VLZIBOWQKTGSK","https://valadao.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/V000129"]},{"id":"P6_V000129_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,909,418 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $2,909,418 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":2909418.22,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_V000129_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,306,863 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $1,306,863 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":1306862.6,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_V000129_uvu7tl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$362,363 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Defending Main Street SuperPAC Inc.","explanation":"Defending Main Street SuperPAC Inc. spent $362,363 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00540203","name":"Defending Main Street SuperPAC Inc.","support":362363.39,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540203/"]},{"id":"P7_V000129_ncvpyp","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $27,062,568 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $27,062,568 opposing this member across 527 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":27062567.85999999,"totalSupport":5080813.660000001,"events":527,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":14342130.079999998},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":11177945.680000003},{"name":"Voter Protection Project","oppose":646449.4000000001},{"name":"NRDC Action Votes","oppose":249293.88},{"name":"314 Action Fund","oppose":229020}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_V000129_r1ov0z","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$355,000 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $355,000 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":355000,"events":3,"byYear":{"2022":355000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":305000,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30003339","name":"CIVIC EMPOWERMENT COALITION","total":50000,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_V000129_904zpc","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,553 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $69,553 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":72241.09999999999,"oppose":2688.0699999999997,"net":69553.03,"events":53,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":64708.02999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":6255.349999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70005822","name":"UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC","support":0,"oppose":1797.33,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":890.74,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ","support":481.82,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_V000129_4f0uxs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$162,100 donation spike on 2019-09-23 — 14.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-23 this committee recorded $162,100 across 100 contributions — 14.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,954.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499392","date":"2019-09-23","amount":162100,"count":100,"baseline":10954,"ratio":14.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499392/"]},{"id":"P15_V000129_4f0uxq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,748 donation spike on 2019-09-25 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-25 this committee recorded $84,748 across 52 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,252.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499392","date":"2019-09-25","amount":84748,"count":52,"baseline":13252,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499392/"]},{"id":"P15_V000129_6s01z6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,350 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $68,350 across 69 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,377.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499392","date":"2014-03-31","amount":68350,"count":69,"baseline":9377,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499392/"]},{"id":"P15_V000129_yd794l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,227 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $66,227 across 158 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,283.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499392","date":"2020-06-30","amount":66227,"count":158,"baseline":6283,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499392/"]},{"id":"P19_V000129_9m6whl","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Valadao campaign paid $1,028,580 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: EGAN PRINTING","explanation":"David Valadao's campaign paid 84 disbursements totaling $1,028,580 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EGAN PRINTING","total":491056.5200000001,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"EGAN PRINTING","amount":53590.7,"date":"2008-10-24","description":"GOTV CAMPAIGN LITERATURE???","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"EGAN PRINTING","amount":42226.24,"date":"2008-12-05","description":"BROCHURE","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"EGAN PRINTING","amount":34906.46,"date":"2004-11-01","description":"EXEMPT/CANDIDATE MAIL/SALAZAR SENATE/KER","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EGAN, PEGGY","total":140797.87,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"EGAN, PEGGY","amount":37500,"date":"2025-01-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"EGAN, PEGGY","amount":12263.2,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"REIMBURSEMENT - TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"EGAN, PEGGY","amount":11407.23,"date":"2018-11-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CONWELL EGAN HIGH SCHOOL","total":101000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CONWELL EGAN HIGH SCHOOL","amount":96000,"date":"2019-11-26","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CONWELL EGAN HIGH SCHOOL","amount":5000,"date":"2017-05-04","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EGAN, EMILY","total":51163.880000000005,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"EGAN, EMILY","amount":12518,"date":"2021-04-28","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EGAN, EMILY","amount":12300,"date":"2021-07-07","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EGAN, EMILY","amount":12300,"date":"2021-05-24","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VALADAO FOR CA-21","total":46329.48,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"VALADAO FOR CA-21","amount":24634.49,"date":"2020-09-24","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"valadao","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"VALADAO FOR CA-21","amount":21694.99,"date":"2020-06-26","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"valadao","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EFO JOSEPH V EGAN","total":24600,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"EFO JOSEPH V EGAN","amount":8200,"date":"2021-09-09","description":"CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EFO JOSEPH V EGAN","amount":8200,"date":"2019-04-01","description":"CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"EFO JOSEPH V EGAN","amount":8200,"date":"2021-05-24","description":"CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"egan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=EGAN%20PRINTING"]},{"id":"P25_V000129_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"52% of PAC dollars ($1,085,966) come from Party industry","explanation":"David Valadao receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1085965.8199999998,"share":52.3,"totalPAC":2075285.9000000001,"pacCount":11},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1085965.8199999998,"share":52.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":598679.72,"share":28.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":105839.5,"share":5.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":89061.84,"share":4.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_V000129","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"David Valadao has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_V000129","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$355K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 86% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"David Valadao was the target of $355,000 in electioneering communications across 3 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($305,000 = 86% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":355000,"events":3,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2022":355000}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":305000,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003339","name":"CIVIC EMPOWERMENT COALITION","total":50000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003339/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_V000129","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$72K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 90% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"David Valadao received $72,241.1 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($64,708.03 = 90%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":72241.09999999999,"oppose":2688.0699999999997,"byYear":{"2012":1676.4299999999998,"2014":13158.890000000001,"2016":6921.13,"2018":1797.33,"2020":1784.13,"2022":23962.64,"2024":27975.61},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":64708.02999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":6255.349999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005822","name":"UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC","support":0,"oppose":1797.33,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005822/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":890.74,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ","support":481.82,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_V000129","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (5 total findings) — ie support concentration (3), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"David Valadao triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 5 total findings across them: ie support concentration (3), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":5,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":3},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P62_V000129","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $162,100 on 2019-09-23 (14.8× normal)","explanation":"David Valadao's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $162,100 on 2019-09-23 — 14.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":228327,"maxRatio":14.8,"maxAmount":162100},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-23","amount":162100,"ratio":14.8,"baselineDaily":10954,"count":100,"cmteId":"C00499392","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00499392&min_date=2019-09-23&max_date=2019-09-23"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-06-30","amount":66227,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":6283,"count":158,"cmteId":"C00499392","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00499392&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499392/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00499392&min_date=2019-09-23&max_date=2019-09-23"]},{"id":"P78_V000129","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"David Valadao appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (4); committee pac conflict (3); ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/V000129","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_V000129","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Valadao named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.3M total receipts) — top: VALADAO VICTORY FUND; THE","explanation":"David Valadao appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: VALADAO VICTORY FUND; THE (C00715102, $1.3M receipts, treasurer ALLEN, MELISSA). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.28,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00715102","name":"VALADAO VICTORY FUND; THE","receipts":1278896,"treasurer":"ALLEN, MELISSA","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00715102/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00715102/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00715102/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_V000129","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Valadao ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $22.2M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"David Valadao's FEC-bulk record shows $22.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $53.9M (PAC: $22.2M, individual: $23.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":22.18,"lifetimeReceiptsM":53.93,"lifetimeIndividualM":23.19,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2CA20094"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA20094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_V000129","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Valadao draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($22.2M PAC / $53.9M total)","explanation":"David Valadao's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($22.2M of $53.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":22.18,"lifetimeReceiptsM":53.93,"pacSharePct":41.1,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2CA20094"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA20094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001085":[{"id":"P2_H001085_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $41,300 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $41,300 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":41300,"count":12,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://houlahan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001085","https://houlahan.house.gov"]},{"id":"P2_H001085_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://houlahan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001085","https://houlahan.house.gov"]},{"id":"P2_H001085_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://houlahan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001085","https://houlahan.house.gov"]},{"id":"P2_H001085_9wkups","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SAP AMERICA INC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from SAP AMERICA INC PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SAP AMERICA INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://houlahan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001085","https://houlahan.house.gov"]},{"id":"P2_H001085_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services","Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://houlahan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001085","https://houlahan.house.gov"]},{"id":"P6_H001085_tw3lw7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$808,882 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Shield PAC","explanation":"Shield PAC spent $808,882 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00770149","name":"Shield PAC","support":808882,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770149/"]},{"id":"P6_H001085_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$280,945 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets","explanation":"VoteVets spent $280,945 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":280945,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P9_H001085_wsu0hr","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$45,145 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $45,145 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFSCME COUNCIL 13.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":45145.25,"oppose":0,"net":45145.25,"events":25,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":42501.020000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":2037.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":606.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006184","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION OF J/M & APPR. OF PLUMBING & P/F INDUSTRY","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001085_7zham1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $466,684 / spent $440,178","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00708636","cmteName":"HOULAPAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":110287.4,"totalDisbursements":99959.6,"cashOnHand":10327.8},{"cmteId":"C00708636","cmteName":"HOULAPAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":129100,"totalDisbursements":122568.9,"cashOnHand":16858.95},{"cmteId":"C00708636","cmteName":"HOULAPAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":157296.8,"totalDisbursements":143883.3,"cashOnHand":30272.47},{"cmteId":"C00708636","cmteName":"HOULAPAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":70000,"totalDisbursements":73766.1,"cashOnHand":26506.38}],"totalRaised":466684.19999999995,"totalSpent":440177.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001085_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11190 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,925,434 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 11190× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,925,434. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":11190,"total":2925434,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001085_ag1mhb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,807 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $57,807 across 85 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,761.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00637371","date":"2022-09-30","amount":57807,"count":85,"baseline":8761,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637371/"]},{"id":"P19_H001085_jgvlan","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chrissy Houlahan campaign paid $763,854 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: THE SCHUMAN GROUP","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan's campaign paid 132 disbursements totaling $763,854 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE SCHUMAN GROUP","total":196344.31000000003,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"THE SCHUMAN GROUP","amount":27264.02,"date":"2012-03-30","description":"FIELD WORK & FIELD STAFF","surnameMatched":"schuman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"THE SCHUMAN GROUP","amount":19500,"date":"2014-02-25","description":"ADVERTISING - RADIO","surnameMatched":"schuman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"THE SCHUMAN GROUP","amount":15000,"date":"2011-10-03","description":"CONSULTING, ADMIN.,MANAGEMENT STAFF SALARY","surnameMatched":"schuman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","total":166155.06,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-08-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-07-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2004-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","total":158643.75,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-01-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-04-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2003-06-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","total":65116,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":4225,"date":"2003-11-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":3997.5,"date":"2003-04-07","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":3607.5,"date":"2003-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOULAHAN, CHRISTINA","total":60799.47,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HOULAHAN, CHRISTINA","amount":50000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"REPAYMENT OF CANDIDATE LOAN","surnameMatched":"houlahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HOULAHAN, CHRISTINA","amount":10799.47,"date":"2018-11-19","description":"REIMBURSEMENT, DETAIL BELOW IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"houlahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","total":53305.219999999994,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-12-03","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-11-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THE%20SCHUMAN%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P36_H001085","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_H001085_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $144,629.28","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $144,629.28 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 96.8× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":144629.28,"count":18,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P61_H001085","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $229,629.28","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan received campaign contributions totaling $229,629.28 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($144,629.28); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); COMCAST (FORMERLY NBC UNIVERSAL) ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":229629.28,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":144629.28,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORP & NBC UNIVERSAL PAC","ldaClient":"COMCAST (FORMERLY NBC UNIVERSAL)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_H001085","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 15 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 15 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (5); ie support concentration (2); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":15,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001085","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_H001085","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chrissy Houlahan's PAC funding concentrates 55% in Finance ($0.14M / $0.26M classified)","explanation":"Chrissy Houlahan's PAC donors concentrate 55% in the Finance industry — $0.14M of $0.26M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.14M · Technology $0.05M · Defense $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.14,"totalPacAmountM":0.26,"concentrationPct":54.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.14,"Technology":0.05,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA06087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"B001313":[{"id":"P2_B001313_1b3jhh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Shontel Brown serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Oversight and Accountability","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://www.ohiodcca.org/congresswoman-marcia-fudge/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001313","http://shontelbrown.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_B001313_xuckjr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC gave $9,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Shontel Brown serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture) and received $9,000 from THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Oversight and Accountability","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://www.ohiodcca.org/congresswoman-marcia-fudge/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001313","http://shontelbrown.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_B001313_5jpioj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"NATIONAL GROCERS ASSOCIATION GROCERS PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Shontel Brown serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture) and received $4,000 from NATIONAL GROCERS ASSOCIATION GROCERS PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL GROCERS ASSOCIATION GROCERS PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Oversight and Accountability","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://www.ohiodcca.org/congresswoman-marcia-fudge/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001313","http://shontelbrown.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,012,402 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Leadership Fund","explanation":"Senate Leadership Fund spent $3,012,402 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 80 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":3012401.95,"oppose":64118586.15999998,"events":80}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_tfiixs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$7,055,803 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WinSenate","explanation":"WinSenate spent $7,055,803 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 91 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00865444","name":"WinSenate","support":7055802.800000001,"oppose":42402876.33000002,"events":91}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00865444/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,546,632 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $5,546,632 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 185 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":5546631.99,"oppose":7732111.910000002,"events":185}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,725,434 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $5,725,434 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":5725434.08,"oppose":0,"events":17},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_tegxno","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,844,644 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from TOGETHER FOR NEVADA'S FUTURE PAC","explanation":"TOGETHER FOR NEVADA'S FUTURE PAC spent $3,844,644 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00882050","name":"TOGETHER FOR NEVADA'S FUTURE PAC","support":3844644,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00882050/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_ufsxdt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,000,850 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from New American Jobs Fund","explanation":"New American Jobs Fund spent $3,000,850 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 37 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00625533","name":"New American Jobs Fund","support":3000849.729999999,"oppose":0,"events":37}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00625533/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_tgkwdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,762,770 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from STATE ACTION FUND PAC INC.","explanation":"STATE ACTION FUND PAC INC. spent $2,762,770 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 28 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00847145","name":"STATE ACTION FUND PAC INC.","support":2762770.49,"oppose":0,"events":28}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00847145/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,533,445 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Black PAC","explanation":"Black PAC spent $2,533,445 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"Black PAC","support":2533444.89,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_tze89j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,243,880 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DMFI PAC","explanation":"DMFI PAC spent $2,243,880 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 52 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":2243879.8899999997,"oppose":95700,"events":52}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,180,920 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CFFE PAC","explanation":"CFFE PAC spent $2,180,920 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"CFFE PAC","support":2180920,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,925,009 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $1,925,009 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1925008.5,"oppose":100511.31999999999,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,020,978 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $2,020,978 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":2020978.03,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P6_B001313_uwvt1a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,714,361 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Service Employees International Union PE","explanation":"Service Employees International Union PEA - Federal spent $1,714,361 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00523621","name":"Service Employees International Union PEA - Federal","support":1714361.1900000002,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523621/"]},{"id":"P7_B001313_dxtubr","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $188,175,609 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $188,175,609 opposing this member across 12810 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":188175609.00999987,"totalSupport":59533964.59999986,"events":12810,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":64118586.15999998},{"name":"WinSenate","oppose":42402876.33000002},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":31078052.009999998},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":7732111.910000002},{"name":"BUCKEYE VALUES PAC","oppose":11407819.790000001}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B001313_i4r7he","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,756,333 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 27 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $3,756,333 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":3756332.790000001,"events":27,"byYear":{"2010":2830744.8200000003,"2012":924962.62,"2018":625.3499999999999},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":2207995.5,"events":6},{"cmteId":"C30001259","name":"CITIZENS FOR STRENGTH AND SECURITY","total":590876.96,"events":3},{"cmteId":"C30001135","name":"AMERICANS FOR JOB SECURITY","total":459268,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":214604.12,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30001028","name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","total":204500,"events":3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001313_n0j018","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$977,064 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $977,064 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":1203860.030000001,"oppose":226796.24,"net":977063.790000001,"events":344,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":461659.55,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":133937.05,"oppose":138256.29,"types":["O","DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001292","name":"OHIO EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":169193.51,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":115854.76000000001,"oppose":17778.870000000003,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":56721.1,"oppose":35341.409999999996,"types":["DM","TP","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001313_8xmqu9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $9,716,275 / spent $9,636,176","explanation":"This member sponsors 23 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00331694","cmteName":"AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":657147.8,"totalDisbursements":657477.3,"cashOnHand":15956.86},{"cmteId":"C00450247","cmteName":"FLORIDA DELIVERS LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":115925.4,"totalDisbursements":116892.7,"cashOnHand":5662.34},{"cmteId":"C00331694","cmteName":"AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":517000,"totalDisbursements":515195.9,"cashOnHand":17760.97},{"cmteId":"C00450247","cmteName":"FLORIDA DELIVERS LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":36000,"totalDisbursements":15345.7,"cashOnHand":26316.62},{"cmteId":"C00494898","cmteName":"SPENDING CUTS OVER TOTAL TAXATION PAC, INC.","year":"2012","totalReceipts":232486,"totalDisbursements":208835.2,"cashOnHand":23650.83}],"totalRaised":9716274.5,"totalSpent":9636175.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001313_74qmwx","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $3,672,506 in itemized individual contributions, $3,263,300 (89%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3672506,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-5044,"$200.01-$499":32618,"$500-$999":56300,"$1000-$1999":325332,"$2000 and over":3263300},"megaShare":88.9,"smallDonorShare":-0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_B001313_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Outside groups spent $59,533,965 supporting member — 8.4× their own $7,063,721 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 8.4×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":59533964.59999986,"events":12810},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":7063721},{"source":"ratio","ratio":8.43},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":3012401.95},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"WinSenate","support":7055802.800000001},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"American Crossroads","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_B001313_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Senate Leadership Fund both supported ($3,012,402) and opposed ($64,118,586) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Shontel Brown advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":3012401.95,"oppose":64118586.15999998,"events":80}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P35_B001313_tfiixs","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"WinSenate both supported ($7,055,803) and opposed ($42,402,876) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Shontel Brown advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00865444","name":"WinSenate","support":7055802.800000001,"oppose":42402876.33000002,"events":91}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00865444/"]},{"id":"P35_B001313_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action both supported ($5,546,632) and opposed ($7,732,112) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Shontel Brown advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":5546631.99,"oppose":7732111.910000002,"events":185}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P35_B001313_tze89j","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"DMFI PAC both supported ($2,243,880) and opposed ($95,700) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Shontel Brown advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":2243879.8899999997,"oppose":95700,"events":52}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P35_B001313_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"LCV Victory Fund both supported ($1,925,009) and opposed ($100,511) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Shontel Brown advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1925008.5,"oppose":100511.31999999999,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P36_B001313","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 27 total findings","explanation":"Shontel Brown has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":27,"highSeverityCount":24,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_B001313","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3756K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 59% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Shontel Brown was the target of $3,756,332.79 in electioneering communications across 27 events from 8 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($2,207,995.5 = 59% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":3756332.790000001,"events":27,"pacCount":8,"byYear":{"2010":2830744.8200000003,"2012":924962.62,"2018":625.3499999999999}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":2207995.5,"events":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001259","name":"CITIZENS FOR STRENGTH AND SECURITY","total":590876.96,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001259/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001135","name":"AMERICANS FOR JOB SECURITY","total":459268,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001135/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":214604.12,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001028","name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","total":204500,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001028/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_B001313","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1204K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 38% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Shontel Brown received $1,203,860.03 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($461,659.55 = 38%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":1203860.030000001,"oppose":226796.24,"byYear":{"2010":24240.13,"2012":874913.77,"2014":13927.9,"2016":586,"2018":252287.0800000001,"2020":51123.939999999995,"2022":9507.349999999999,"2024":204623.41},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":461659.55,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":133937.05,"oppose":138256.29,"types":["O","DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001292","name":"OHIO EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":169193.51,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001292/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":115854.76000000001,"oppose":17778.870000000003,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":56721.1,"oppose":35341.409999999996,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_B001313","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (15 total findings) — ie support concentration (13), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Shontel Brown triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 15 total findings across them: ie support concentration (13), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":15,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":13},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_B001313","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $116,800","explanation":"Shontel Brown received campaign contributions totaling $116,800 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($29,800); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":116800,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":29800,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS VOLUNTARY FUND","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P66_B001313_2025","pattern_type":"P66_PFD_RAPID_PORTFOLIO_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Disclosed assets grew 15.1× from 2024 to 2025 ($0.8M → $12.4M)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's annual Senate financial disclosures show total disclosed assets grew from $822,004.5 to $12,431,734.5 between filing year 2024 and filing year 2025 — a 15.1× shift. Major year-over-year portfolio shifts indicate windfalls (inheritance, book deal, IPO, business sale), insider-information-timed gains, or strategic asset reorganization. The journalist's question: what happened that year? Cross-reference with public news, the senator's committee actions, and any amendment filings on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_growth","fromYear":2024,"toYear":2025,"fromTotalAssetMid":822004.5,"toTotalAssetMid":12431734.5,"ratio":15.12,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P68_B001313","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Owns 2 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.8M","explanation":"Shontel Brown's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2026) lists ownership of 2 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $750,001. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Rental property Description: Single fami (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000); Rental property Description: Single fami (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":2,"totalEstMidpoint":750001,"year":2026,"sample":[{"name":"Rental property Description: Single family home (Layton, UT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"},{"name":"Rental property Description: Single family home (Elgin, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_B001313","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at Gallaudet University Washington, DC","explanation":"Shontel Brown's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at Gallaudet University Washington, DC (Educational Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jun 2008 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Gallaudet University Washington, DC","entityType":"Educational Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_B001313","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$41,845 in outside earned income — top source: Allied Claim Services LLC Bowling Green, KY ($$35,947.00)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $41,845 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Allied Claim Services LLC Bowling Green, KY ($35,947.00, Self-Employment Income); Franklin Insurance Adjusters, Inc. Vineland, NJ ($5,898.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":41845,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Allied Claim Services LLC Bowling Green, KY","amount":"$35,947.00","amountNumeric":35947},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Franklin Insurance Adjusters, Inc. Vineland, NJ","amount":"$5,898.00","amountNumeric":5898}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_B001313_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 23 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including CWCO, ABBV, AMZN, AAPL, AVGO, CSCO","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 23 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: CWCO, ABBV, AMZN, AAPL, AVGO, CSCO, DVN, DOW, NVDA, PANW, PEP, PG.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":23,"newTickers":["CWCO","ABBV","AMZN","AAPL","AVGO","CSCO","DVN","DOW","NVDA","PANW","PEP","PG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_B001313","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 2 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: Japan","explanation":"Shontel Brown's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 2 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Japan. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Japan → BBJP - JPMorgan BetaBuilders Japan ETF ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2026","totalAssets":2,"countries":["Japan"],"byCountry":{"Japan":[{"assetName":"BBJP - JPMorgan BetaBuilders Japan ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"assetName":"BBAX - JPMorgan BetaBuilders Developed Asia Pacific ex-Japan ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001313","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 38 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Shontel Brown appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 38 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (13); both sides ie (5); committee pac conflict (3); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":38,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":13},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":5},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001313","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 24 ticker holdings between 2025 and 2026 — including AADAX, TLWIX, CWCO, ABBV, AMZN, AAPL","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 24 ticker holdings present in the 2025 filing but absent in 2026. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: AADAX, TLWIX, CWCO, ABBV, AMZN, AAPL, AVGO, CSCO, DVN, DOW, NVDA, PEP.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2025,2026],"count":24,"divestedTickers":["AADAX","TLWIX","CWCO","ABBV","AMZN","AAPL","AVGO","CSCO","DVN","DOW","NVDA","PEP"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shontel Brown discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2026 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 12% of 51 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 51 total reported assets — 12% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: State Farm IRA 1 (--) · State Farm IRA 2 (--) · Brokerage Account IRA (--) · Brokerage Account 401K (--) · Precious Metals IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2026","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":51,"opaqueRatio":0.118,"samples":[{"asset":"State Farm IRA 1","value":"--"},{"asset":"State Farm IRA 2","value":"--"},{"asset":"Brokerage Account IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Brokerage Account 401K","value":"--"},{"asset":"Precious Metals IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P91_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown (Ohio) discloses 2 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Utah (1)","explanation":"Shontel Brown represents Ohio but their 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Ohio (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Utah: 1 · Texas: 1. Sample: Rental property Description: Single family home (Layton, UT) (Utah) · Rental property Description: Single family home (Elgin, TX) (Texas).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2026","memberState":"Ohio","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":2,"byState":{"UT":1,"TX":1},"samples":[{"name":"Rental property Description: Single family home (Layton, UT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"UT"},{"name":"Rental property Description: Single family home (Elgin, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"TX"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown discloses 4 precious-metal holdings on 2026 PFD — Precious Metals IRA, Precious metals held by custodian Description : Go","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 precious-metal positions (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: Precious Metals IRA · Precious metals held by custodian Description : Gold · Precious metals held by custodian Description : Silver · Precious metals held by custodian Description : Platinum.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2026","holdingCount":4,"holdings":[{"name":"Precious Metals IRA","type":"Retirement Plans IRA","value":"--"},{"name":"Precious metals held by custodian Description : Gold","type":"Personal Property Precious Metals","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Precious metals held by custodian Description : Silver","type":"Personal Property Precious Metals","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Precious metals held by custodian Description : Platinum","type":"Personal Property Precious Metals","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P106_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown holds 8 tickers on 2026 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — META ($35.2M), LLY ($21.0M), GOOGL ($17.9M)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 8 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $97.1M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: META ($35.2M, 80 filings) · LLY ($21.0M, 53 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings) · MSFT ($12.3M, 66 filings) · PANW ($4.0M, 21 filings) · IBM ($3.6M, 4 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2026","holdingCount":8,"totalLobbyAcrossM":97.05,"holdings":[{"ticker":"META","totalLobby":35176250,"recordCount":80,"topClient":"META PLATFORMS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"LLY","totalLobby":20985000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"ELI LILLY & COMPANY"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"PANW","totalLobby":4050000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"PALO ALTO NETWORKS INC."},{"ticker":"IBM","totalLobby":3630000,"recordCount":4,"topClient":"INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (IBM)"},{"ticker":"MRNA","totalLobby":1830000,"recordCount":34,"topClient":"MODERNA INC."},{"ticker":"NVAX","totalLobby":1190000,"recordCount":18,"topClient":"NOVAVAX INC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2026 PFD — MSFT (8,404)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 8,404 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: MSFT (8,404 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2026","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":8404,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2026 PFD (≥$1M each, total $22M) — top: IBM ($21.8M)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $22M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: IBM ($21.8M, 7 contracts, Federal Communications Commission).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2026","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":21.81,"holdings":[{"ticker":"IBM","total":21811577.12,"count":7,"agencies":["Federal Communications Commission","Department of Justice","Department of the Treasury"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_B001313","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shontel Brown named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($10.6M total receipts) — top: BROWN VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Shontel Brown appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $10.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BROWN VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00494294, $6.1M receipts, treasurer KEITH A DAVIS). Active years: 2, first seen 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":10.59,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00494294","name":"BROWN VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":6059807.79,"treasurer":"KEITH A DAVIS","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494294/"},{"committeeId":"C00850321","name":"SAM BROWN VICTORY FUND","receipts":2918655.48,"treasurer":"HASTIE, CHRISSIE","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00850321/"},{"committeeId":"C00561886","name":"BROWN VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1612752.5,"treasurer":"KEITH A DAVIS","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00561886/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494294/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00494294/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_B001313","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown's PFD net worth grew 5.2× in 12 years — 2014 $0.31M → 2026 $1.63M (CAGR 14.7%)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.31M in 2014 to $1.63M in 2026 — a 5.2× increase over 12 years (compound annual growth rate: 14.7%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 12-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":0.31,"latestYear":"2026","latestNetWorthM":1.63,"growthFactor":5.21,"yearsCovered":12,"cagrPct":14.75,"filingCount":17,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4d6a0a9c-4ab1-494b-b1da-5a6c437f65ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4d6a0a9c-4ab1-494b-b1da-5a6c437f65ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P114_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown holds 3 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2026 PFD — META, MSFT, GOOGL","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: META ($1,001 - $15,000) · MSFT ($1,001 - $15,000) · GOOGL ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2026","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"META","asset":"META - Meta Platforms Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc. - Class A Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P124_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown holds 2 pharma/biotech tickers on 2026 PFD — MRNA, LLY","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: MRNA ($15,001 - $50,000) · LLY ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRNA","asset":"MRNA - Moderna, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"LLY","asset":"LLY - Eli Lilly and Company","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P130_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown's 2026 PFD: 70% of 10 classified ticker holdings in Technology (7/10)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows ticker-holding concentration in a single sector — 7 of 10 classified holdings (70%) are in Technology. Concentration is the inverse of diversification: when a senator's portfolio leans this heavily toward one industry, every regulatory decision affecting that industry has outsized impact on their personal balance sheet. The senator's wealth tracks Technology-sector beta directly — federal-policy shocks to Technology (taxes, regulations, antitrust enforcement, subsidies, sanctions) move their net worth more than they would for a diversified portfolio. Sector breakdown: Technology (7) · Pharma (3).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sector_concentration","year":"2026","totalClassified":10,"sectorCounts":{"Technology":7,"Pharma":3},"topSector":"Technology","concentration":0.7,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P134_B001313","pattern_type":"P134_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH_BEATS_MARKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown's PFD net worth grew 14.7% CAGR over 12 years — beats S&P 500 (~10%) by +4.7pp","explanation":"Shontel Brown's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.31M in 2014 to $1.63M in 2026 — a 14.7% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over 12 years. The S&P 500's long-run total-return CAGR has averaged ~10%; this senator's portfolio outperformed the broad market by approximately +4.7 percentage points per year. Sustained outperformance of this magnitude is statistically rare for a buy-and-hold long-only portfolio — most professional managers underperform the index after fees. Sustained outperformance signals one or more of: (a) skilled active management with risk-on positioning during favorable cycles, (b) concentrated successful sector bets (often telegraphed by P130 sector-concentration), (c) business-deal income (book deals, board fees, consulting, executive compensation), or (d) external windfall (inheritance, real-estate appreciation in concentrated geography). The growth period is the journalist's hook — what specific filings show the inflection points?","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_market_outperformance","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":0.31,"latestYear":"2026","latestNetWorthM":1.63,"yearsCovered":12,"cagrPct":14.75,"spBenchmarkCagrPct":10,"outperformancePct":4.75,"filingCount":12,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4d6a0a9c-4ab1-494b-b1da-5a6c437f65ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4d6a0a9c-4ab1-494b-b1da-5a6c437f65ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_B001313","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.9M PAC / $14.1M total)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.9M of $14.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.87,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.13,"pacSharePct":34.5,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H2OH11169"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH11169/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_B001313","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown's PAC funding concentrates 55% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's PAC donors concentrate 55% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.03M · Agriculture $0.01M · Energy $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":55.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.03,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH11169/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_B001313","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown triggers 35 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Shontel Brown accumulates 35 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":35,"distinctDetectorTypes":36}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_B001313","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown triggers 37 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Shontel Brown accumulates findings across 37 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 37 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":37,"sampleDetectors":["P2","P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P11","P31","P35","P36","P57","P58","P59","P61","P66","P68","P70","P71","P74","P77","P78","P79","P83","P91","P95","P106","P107","P108","P109","P110"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_B001313","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown operates leadership PACs with $9.7M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC","explanation":"Shontel Brown operates 6 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $9.7M and disbursements of $9.6M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC (C00331694). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":9.72,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":9.64,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":6,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00331694","cmteName":"AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00450247","cmteName":"FLORIDA DELIVERS LEADERSHIP PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00494898","cmteName":"SPENDING CUTS OVER TOTAL TAXATION PAC, INC."},{"cmteId":"C00690073","cmteName":"AMERICA WORKS STATE & LOCAL PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00331694/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_B001313","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown operates 6 distinct leadership PACs ($9.7M combined receipts)","explanation":"Shontel Brown operates 6 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $9.7M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC (C00331694) · FLORIDA DELIVERS LEADERSHIP PAC (C00450247) · SPENDING CUTS OVER TOTAL TAXATION PAC, INC. (C00494898) · AMERICA WORKS STATE & LOCAL PAC (C00690073) · ABOVE THE BEST PAC (C00689034) · STRENGTH IN SEVEN PAC (C00804153).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":6,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.72,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00331694","cmteName":"AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00450247","cmteName":"FLORIDA DELIVERS LEADERSHIP PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00494898","cmteName":"SPENDING CUTS OVER TOTAL TAXATION PAC, INC."},{"cmteId":"C00690073","cmteName":"AMERICA WORKS STATE & LOCAL PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00689034","cmteName":"ABOVE THE BEST PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00804153","cmteName":"STRENGTH IN SEVEN PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00331694/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00450247/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494898/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00690073/"]},{"id":"P153_B001313","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown's leadership PACs disbursed $9.6M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Shontel Brown's leadership PACs disbursed $9.6M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC (C00331694).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":9.64,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":6,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00331694","cmteName":"AMERICA WORKS FEDERAL PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00331694/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P156_B001313","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown's PFD earned income grew 6.2× year-over-year — 2025 $57K → 2025 $354K","explanation":"Shontel Brown's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $57,189.34 in 2025 to $353,807 in 2025 — a 6.2× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2025","priorIncome":57189.34,"latestYear":"2025","latestIncome":353807,"growthFactor":6.19,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd417970-ed32-4fa2-908d-30268377add3/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd417970-ed32-4fa2-908d-30268377add3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_B001313","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shontel Brown's PFD net worth declined 96% year-over-year — 2025 $11.68M → 2025 $0.49M","explanation":"Shontel Brown's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $11.68M in 2025 to $0.49M in 2025 — a 96% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2025","priorNetWorthM":11.68,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":0.49,"declinePct":95.82,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2734ff47-6c62-45d8-9c96-f2f595541499/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2734ff47-6c62-45d8-9c96-f2f595541499/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shontel Brown's 2026 PFD lists 3 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: Allied Claim Services LLC (Self-Employment Income)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 3 payers not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Self-Employment Income from Allied Claim Services LLC ($35,947.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from Pacific Coast Adjusters, Inc. ($2,515.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from Franklin Insurance Adjusters, Inc. ($5,898.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":3,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Allied Claim Services LLC Bowling Green, KY","amount":"$35,947.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Pacific Coast Adjusters, Inc. Bakersfield, CA","amount":"$2,515.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Franklin Insurance Adjusters, Inc. Vineland, NJ","amount":"$5,898.00"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2734ff47-6c62-45d8-9c96-f2f595541499/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2734ff47-6c62-45d8-9c96-f2f595541499/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown's 2026 PFD lists 2 new creditors not in prior year — top: Mortgage from Valon Mortgage, Inc. Phoenix, at 3.75% (30)","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 2 creditors not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Mortgage from Valon Mortgage, Inc. Phoenix, at 3.75% (30) ($100,001 - $250,000) · Mortgage from Shellpoint Mortgage Servicing Greenville, at 3.75% (30) ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":2,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2022","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.75% (30)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Valon Mortgage, Inc. Phoenix, AZ"},{"incurred":"2022","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.75% (30)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Shellpoint Mortgage Servicing Greenville, SC"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2734ff47-6c62-45d8-9c96-f2f595541499/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2734ff47-6c62-45d8-9c96-f2f595541499/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_B001313_2026","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shontel Brown — 27 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Shontel Brown's 2026 Senate PFD shows 27 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2026","tickerPositions":27,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c78437b4-43df-4280-8b1c-4461c6596709/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000603":[{"id":"P2_L000603_2xlajb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"LUTTRELL VICTORY FUND gave $335,280 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Morgan Luttrell serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $335,280 from LUTTRELL VICTORY FUND, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LUTTRELL VICTORY FUND","total":335280.39,"count":17,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Luttrell","https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-morgan-luttrell/","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000603/118"]},{"id":"P11_L000603_84dcem","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 9%)","explanation":"Of $3,448,984 in itemized individual contributions, $2,095,636 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3448984,"buckets":{"$200 and under":315660,"$200.01-$499":228837,"$500-$999":347871,"$1000-$1999":460980,"$2000 and over":2095636},"megaShare":60.8,"smallDonorShare":9.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000603_1xvpvt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,200 donation spike on 2022-01-11 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-01-11 this committee recorded $50,200 across 18 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,267.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00781112","date":"2022-01-11","amount":50200,"count":18,"baseline":8267,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781112/"]},{"id":"P19_L000603_3npg1v","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Morgan Luttrell campaign paid $565,250 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: ELECT KATIE HOBBS","explanation":"Morgan Luttrell's campaign paid 37 disbursements totaling $565,250 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","total":386952.87,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":127358.97,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":86933.21,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":48760.69,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","total":76450,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":26450,"date":"2022-12-05","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":25000,"date":"2023-01-03","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":25000,"date":"2022-12-30","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","total":26900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":10600,"date":"2022-12-07","description":"ELECTION DEBT RETIREMENT","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":5500,"date":"2025-07-09","description":"AZ GOVERNOR","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":5400,"date":"2024-09-11","description":"AZ GOVERNOR","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","total":15017,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","amount":7795,"date":"2016-10-04","description":"MEMORABILIA","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","amount":7222,"date":"2004-08-27","description":"MISCELLANEOUS BUTTONS & LAPEL PINS","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOBBS, NICOLE","total":12000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOBBS, NICOLE","amount":12000,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":10000,"date":"2022-12-20","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ELECT%20KATIE%20HOBBS"]}],"W000795":[{"id":"P2_W000795_z55g17","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"BAE SYSTEMS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMIT gave $4,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Joe Wilson serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $4,500 from BAE SYSTEMS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BAE SYSTEMS USA, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BAE SYSTEMS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BAE SYSTEMS USA","total":4500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://joewilson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congressman-wilson-receives-committee-assignments","http://joewilson.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.congressweb.com/ABC/legislators/info/mbr_id/425"]},{"id":"P2_W000795_xyu4th","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMENTUM SERVICES INC. PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Joe Wilson serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $4,000 from AMENTUM SERVICES INC. PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMENTUM SERVICES INC. PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://joewilson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congressman-wilson-receives-committee-assignments","http://joewilson.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.congressweb.com/ABC/legislators/info/mbr_id/425"]},{"id":"P6_W000795_vak61s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$427,941 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Crossroads","explanation":"American Crossroads spent $427,941 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487363","name":"American Crossroads","support":427940.84,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487363/"]},{"id":"P7_W000795_bozs90","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,400,226 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,400,226 opposing this member across 1784 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5400226.2099999795,"totalSupport":751578.9899999992,"events":1784,"topAttackers":[{"name":"AMERICANS FOR TAX REFORM","oppose":3125329.01},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":1259801.97},{"name":"Defenders of Wildlife Action Committee","oppose":594667.01},{"name":"SIERRA CLUB POLITICAL COMMITTEE","oppose":348482.99},{"name":"Working America","oppose":34156.2900000001}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_W000795_hv9rh7","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,010,795 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 4 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,010,795 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1010795,"events":4,"byYear":{"2010":1010795},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":1010000,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":795,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000795_6orsj2","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$35,526 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $35,526 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":54435.149999999994,"oppose":18909.170000000002,"net":35525.979999999996,"events":56,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":22226.940000000002,"oppose":1182.77,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":1786.95,"oppose":17726.4,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":11051.47,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":8190.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":3784.52,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000795_vzodal","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Wilson campaign paid $22,281,684 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","explanation":"Joe Wilson's campaign paid 87 disbursements totaling $22,281,684 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","total":7514049.829999999,"count":26,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":1601000,"date":"2014-10-02","description":"ADVERTISING: MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":847394,"date":"2008-09-15","description":"T.V. & RADIO ADS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":340380,"date":"2012-09-27","description":"ADVERTISING: TV / RADIO TIME BUY","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","total":4140558.22,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":323755,"date":"2006-10-26","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":283562.48,"date":"2006-10-19","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":264305,"date":"2004-10-15","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS INC.","total":2550435,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":835096,"date":"2008-10-03","description":"BROADCAST TV, CABLE-ADS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":297057,"date":"2008-07-17","description":"ADS-TV,CABLE PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":272711,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"ADS-MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","total":2545482.6199999996,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":449426.08,"date":"2016-04-04","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":412331.74,"date":"2016-02-10","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL/SURVEY CALLS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":296307.21,"date":"2016-01-07","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON, WILLIE","total":1825379.07,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON, WILLIE","amount":1825379.07,"date":"2020-12-22","description":"REFUND OF PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON, DONALD R. JR.","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON, DONALD R. JR.","amount":1000000,"date":"2024-03-18","description":"PAC CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WILSON-GRAND%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P26_W000795_xfkeyj","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Joe Wilson's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH LLP FEDERAL POLITICAL CO","total":10000,"fara_registrant":"Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P36_W000795","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Joe Wilson has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_W000795","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1011K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","explanation":"Joe Wilson was the target of $1,010,795 in electioneering communications across 4 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK ($1,010,000 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1010795,"events":4,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":1010795}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":1010000,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":795,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001051/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_W000795","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$54K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 41% from AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","explanation":"Joe Wilson received $54,435.15 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE ($22,226.94 = 41%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":54435.149999999994,"oppose":18909.170000000002,"byYear":{"2010":21178.41,"2012":51624.060000000005,"2014":74.39,"2018":128.25,"2020":339.21,"2022":224.81},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":22226.940000000002,"oppose":1182.77,"types":["DM","O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":1786.95,"oppose":17726.4,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":11051.47,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":8190.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":3784.52,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_W000795","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (3 total findings) — ie support concentration (1), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Joe Wilson triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 3 total findings across them: ie support concentration (1), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":3,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":1},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_W000795","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $176,610","explanation":"Joe Wilson received campaign contributions totaling $176,610 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($94,400); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH LLP O.B.O. PILA ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); ANYWHERE REAL ESTATE INC. (FKA REALOGY HOLDINGS CO ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":176610,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC - CONDUIT","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":94400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH LLP FEDERAL POLITICAL CO","ldaClient":"NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH LLP O.B.O. PILATUS AIRCRAFT LTD.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SNK REAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS LLC","ldaClient":"ANYWHERE REAL ESTATE INC. (FKA REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP.)","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_W000795","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 13 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Joe Wilson appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 13 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (2); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":13,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000795","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_W000795","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Wilson's campaign paid $15,885,182 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS ($7,514,050)","explanation":"Joe Wilson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 69 payments totaling $15,885,182 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS ($7,514,050 across 26 payments, services: ADVERTISING: MEDIA PLACEMENT · T.V. & RADIO ADS · ADVERTISING: TV / RADIO TIME BUY). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":15885182.170000002,"paymentCount":69,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","total":7514049.829999999,"count":26,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING: MEDIA PLACEMENT","T.V. & RADIO ADS","ADVERTISING: TV / RADIO TIME BUY"]},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","total":4140558.22,"count":22,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA BUYS","ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","total":2545482.6199999996,"count":11,"descriptions":["SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL","SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL/SURVEY CALLS","SURVEY RESEARCH/SURVEY TRACKING CALLS"]},{"payee":"WILSON%GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","total":518000,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"WILSON, CHARLES A.","total":391650,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONVERTING LOAN TO CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"wilson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2SC02059&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_W000795","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Wilson draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.9M PAC / $36.3M total)","explanation":"Joe Wilson's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.9M of $36.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.32,"pacSharePct":32.9,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2SC02059"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2SC02059/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_W000795","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Wilson ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,701 cosponsored, 336 sponsored","explanation":"Joe Wilson's congress.gov record shows 4,701 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4701,"sponsoredCount":336,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/joe-wilson/W000795","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_W000795_Toamendtitle10United","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joe Wilson sponsored \"To amend title 10, United States Code, to eliminate the requ\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Joe Wilson has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend title 10, United States Code, to eliminate the requirement that certain former members of the reserve components of the Armed Forces be at least 60 years of age in order to be eligible to receive health care benefits."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001063":[{"id":"P2_C001063_7o0zr3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Henry Cuellar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://texasborderbusiness.com/rep-cuellars-committee-assignments-for-the-119th-congress/","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=75R&LegCode=A2645","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-henry-cuellar/"]},{"id":"P2_C001063_kco5sz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL AC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Henry Cuellar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://texasborderbusiness.com/rep-cuellars-committee-assignments-for-the-119th-congress/","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=75R&LegCode=A2645","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-henry-cuellar/"]},{"id":"P2_C001063_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Henry Cuellar serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://texasborderbusiness.com/rep-cuellars-committee-assignments-for-the-119th-congress/","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=75R&LegCode=A2645","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-henry-cuellar/"]},{"id":"P2_C001063_tyhgft","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Henry Cuellar serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION CO, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION CO","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://texasborderbusiness.com/rep-cuellars-committee-assignments-for-the-119th-congress/","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=75R&LegCode=A2645","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-henry-cuellar/"]},{"id":"P2_C001063_3387t9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1-800 CONTACTS, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Henry Cuellar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from 1-800 CONTACTS, INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"1-800 CONTACTS, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://texasborderbusiness.com/rep-cuellars-committee-assignments-for-the-119th-congress/","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=75R&LegCode=A2645","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-henry-cuellar/"]},{"id":"P6_C001063_titukg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$751,444 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Mainstream Democrats PAC","explanation":"Mainstream Democrats PAC spent $751,444 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804823","name":"Mainstream Democrats PAC","support":751444.4299999999,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804823/"]},{"id":"P6_C001063_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$643,940 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $643,940 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":643940,"oppose":0,"events":3},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS, INC. PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_C001063_tiqs21","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$481,264 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from America United","explanation":"America United spent $481,264 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 22 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809236","name":"America United","support":481264,"oppose":0,"events":22}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809236/"]},{"id":"P6_C001063_tuuali","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$421,418 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","explanation":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP) spent $421,418 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00799031","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":421417.54,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799031/"]},{"id":"P6_C001063_uc0bpt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$395,803 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VOTER PROTECTION PROJECT","explanation":"VOTER PROTECTION PROJECT spent $395,803 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00692319","name":"VOTER PROTECTION PROJECT","support":395802.56,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00692319/"]},{"id":"P7_C001063_2ip12r","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,716,653 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,716,653 opposing this member across 156 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5716653.4799999995,"totalSupport":3028923.8000000007,"events":156,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3014992.0500000003},{"name":"Texas Forward","oppose":1532373},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":574832.59},{"name":"Justice Democrats PAC","oppose":275000},{"name":"Communications Workers of America - Working Voices","oppose":110000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_C001063_rh2e8i","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$286,383 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $286,383 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":286383,"events":2,"byYear":{"2020":286383},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":200000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":86383,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001063_jgjqf8","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,171 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $65,171 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":65171.03,"oppose":0,"net":65171.03,"events":21,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":64722.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":448.27,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","0"]},{"cmteId":"C70005988","name":"BEND THE ARC JEWISH ACTION INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001063_mdjaty","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $769,079 / spent $746,520","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00439398","cmteName":"TEXAS FIRST PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":41000,"totalDisbursements":42739.8,"cashOnHand":796.18},{"cmteId":"C00439398","cmteName":"TEXAS FIRST PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":52400,"totalDisbursements":35873.9,"cashOnHand":17322.3},{"cmteId":"C00439398","cmteName":"TEXAS FIRST PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":37300,"totalDisbursements":40800,"cashOnHand":13822.3},{"cmteId":"C00439398","cmteName":"TEXAS FIRST PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":83276.7,"totalDisbursements":151571.1,"cashOnHand":4250.95},{"cmteId":"C00439398","cmteName":"TEXAS FIRST PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":137710.1,"totalDisbursements":131277.5,"cashOnHand":10683.56}],"totalRaised":769078.6000000001,"totalSpent":746519.6000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001063_kuom71","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"76% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $366,844 in itemized individual contributions, $279,925 (76%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":366844,"buckets":{"$200 and under":6323,"$200.01-$499":10200,"$500-$999":11239,"$1000-$1999":59157,"$2000 and over":279925},"megaShare":76.3,"smallDonorShare":1.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001063_5pkefx","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Henry Cuellar campaign paid $534,728 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Henry Cuellar's campaign paid 89 disbursements totaling $534,728 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CUELLAR, HENRY HON.","total":106899.29000000001,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CUELLAR, HENRY HON.","amount":40000,"date":"2007-10-01","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cuellar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CUELLAR, HENRY HON.","amount":24366.16,"date":"2007-10-01","description":"INTEREST ON PERSONAL LOANS","surnameMatched":"cuellar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CUELLAR, HENRY HON.","amount":22199.29,"date":"2007-07-17","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"cuellar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CUELLAR, DESI","total":24064.96,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CUELLAR, DESI","amount":8164.96,"date":"2022-09-30","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"cuellar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CUELLAR, DESI","amount":5300,"date":"2021-12-01","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"cuellar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CUELLAR, DESI","amount":5300,"date":"2021-11-01","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"cuellar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CUELLAR, HENRY R","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CUELLAR, HENRY R","amount":5000,"date":"2006-07-31","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cuellar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P26_C001063_54mzfw","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 2 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Henry Cuellar's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"MILLER & CHEVALIER CHARTERED","total":14503.3,"fara_registrant":"Miller & Chevalier, Chartered","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"MILLER & CHEVALIER CHARTERED","total":14503.3,"fara_registrant":"Miller & Chevalier Chartered","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P29_C001063_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CUELLAR, Henry voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":407,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":11,"description":"Pregnant Students’ Rights Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":402,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":10,"description":"Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":11,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":361,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":10,"description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":359,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":10,"description":"Pet and Livestock Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001063","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"Henry Cuellar has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_C001063_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_119152","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Henry Cuellar sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2026-04-16 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"119152","title":"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA","date":"2026-04-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES & CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20%26%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20%26%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_C001063_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_118241","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Henry Cuellar sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2025-05-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"118241","title":"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard","date":"2025-05-14T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES & CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20%26%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20%26%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_C001063_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Henry Cuellar sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P57_C001063","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$286K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 70% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Henry Cuellar was the target of $286,383 in electioneering communications across 2 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($200,000 = 70% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":286383,"events":2,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2020":286383}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":200000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":86383,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002851/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_C001063","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$65K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 99% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Henry Cuellar received $65,171.03 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($64,722.76 = 99%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":65171.03,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":448.27,"2020":11002.02,"2022":65872.3},"corpCount":4},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":64722.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":448.27,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","0"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005988","name":"BEND THE ARC JEWISH ACTION INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005988/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_C001063","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (7 total findings) — ie support concentration (5), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Henry Cuellar triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 7 total findings across them: ie support concentration (5), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":7,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":5},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_C001063","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $236,600","explanation":"Henry Cuellar received campaign contributions totaling $236,600 from 38 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 38 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL PECAN FEDERATION ($10,000); CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC. ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":38,"totalDollars":236600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL PECAN FEDERATION INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PECAN PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL PECAN FEDERATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_C001063","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 26 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Henry Cuellar appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 26 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (5); ie support concentration (5); hearing witness donor (3); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":26,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001063","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_C001063","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Henry Cuellar named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Henry Cuellar appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Henry Cuellar","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-henry-cuellar-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Henry Cuellar","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-henry-cuellar/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-henry-cuellar-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-henry-cuellar/"]},{"id":"P90_C001063","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry Cuellar's campaign paid $15,900 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: CUELLAR, DESI ($15,900)","explanation":"Henry Cuellar's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $15,900 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CUELLAR, DESI ($15,900 across 3 payments, services: WAGES). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":15900,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CUELLAR, DESI","total":15900,"count":3,"descriptions":["WAGES"]}],"surname":"cuellar"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2TX23082&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_C001063","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Henry Cuellar ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.9M across 26 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Henry Cuellar's FEC-bulk record shows $21.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $50.3M (PAC: $21.9M, individual: $25.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.34,"lifetimeIndividualM":25.23,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2TX23082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX23082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C001063","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Henry Cuellar draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($21.9M PAC / $50.3M total)","explanation":"Henry Cuellar's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($21.9M of $50.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":21.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.34,"pacSharePct":43.5,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2TX23082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX23082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"P000608":[{"id":"P2_P000608_jafd49","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"INFINEX INVESTMENTS INC. gave $69,121 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $69,121 from INFINEX INVESTMENTS INC., a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INFINEX INVESTMENTS INC.","total":69121.35,"count":7,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_stcd91","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION POLITICAL ACTION  gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_btof15","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_40zryk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CABLE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS AS gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL CABLE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CABLE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_9r1fvu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_uuujsp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T FEDERAL PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T FEDERAL PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_l28x21","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIAT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_aokbqa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATSO INC. NATSO PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATSO INC. NATSO PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATSO INC. NATSO PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P2_P000608_uz9t3h","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"QUALCOMM INCORPORATED POLITICAL ACTION C gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Peters serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from QUALCOMM INCORPORATED POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (QPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"QUALCOMM INCORPORATED POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (QPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)","https://legisletter.org/legislator/scott-peters-P000608/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000608"]},{"id":"P3_P000608_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 18 BUYS vs 6 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":18,"sells":6,"netBuy":12,"total":24}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P7_P000608_rmq7q1","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $6,365,165 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $6,365,165 opposing this member across 626 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":6365164.98,"totalSupport":495640.0500000002,"events":626,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":4903826.93},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR TAX REFORM","oppose":1392782.98},{"name":"PROGRESSSIVE KICK INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES","oppose":68555.07}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_P000608_xzhgmx","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$104,582 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $104,582 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES LABOR COUNCIL.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":111628.49000000003,"oppose":7046,"net":104582.49000000003,"events":44,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005517","name":"SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES LABOR COUNCIL","support":61385.11,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":26758,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":7046,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":6185.950000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":6084.0599999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_P000608_ammjnq","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $391,500 / spent $377,733","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00563601","cmteName":"SUPPORTING HOUSE PROBLEM SOLVERS - SHP PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":45000,"totalDisbursements":26162.8,"cashOnHand":18837.25},{"cmteId":"C00563601","cmteName":"SUPPORTING HOUSE PROBLEM SOLVERS - SHP PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":86000,"totalDisbursements":77108.5,"cashOnHand":27728.74},{"cmteId":"C00563601","cmteName":"SUPPORTING HOUSE PROBLEM SOLVERS - SHP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":134500,"totalDisbursements":153445.4,"cashOnHand":8783.38},{"cmteId":"C00563601","cmteName":"SUPPORTING HOUSE PROBLEM SOLVERS - SHP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":126000,"totalDisbursements":121015.9,"cashOnHand":13767.46}],"totalRaised":391500,"totalSpent":377732.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_P000608_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13079 employees of N/A gave $1,895,657 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 13079× N/A = $1,895,657. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":13079,"total":1895657,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000608_4oll7b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,850 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $58,850 across 51 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,792.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503110","date":"2014-09-30","amount":58850,"count":51,"baseline":8792,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503110/"]},{"id":"P17_P000608_UNP_2015-06-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UNP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-06-26 and 2015-07-02, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UNP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2015-06-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UNP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000608","name":"Scott Peters"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"A000373","name":"Brad Ashford"}],"span":"2015-06-26 to 2015-07-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000608_y4id6l","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Peters campaign paid $15,092,456 to 92 surname-matched vendors, top: WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","explanation":"Scott Peters's campaign paid 312 disbursements totaling $15,092,456 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","total":3735981.5900000003,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","amount":1118460.82,"date":"2024-11-01","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","amount":1014874.3,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-31","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETERS, SCOTT H","total":2500000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"PETERS, SCOTT H","amount":750000,"date":"2012-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"peters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETERS, SCOTT H","amount":500000,"date":"2012-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"peters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETERS, SCOTT H","amount":350000,"date":"2012-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"peters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEYMOUTH WATSON","total":2496753.8499999996,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON","amount":448264.69,"date":"2022-11-07","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON","amount":282158.75,"date":"2022-11-28","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON","amount":255141.78,"date":"2022-11-28","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEYMOUTH WATSON LLC","total":1126022.7099999997,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON LLC","amount":137489.47,"date":"2025-03-11","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & AUDIO VISUAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON LLC","amount":124435.29,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION, VEHICLE RENTAL, PRINTING","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON LLC","amount":124082.89,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION, VEHICLE RENTAL, PRINTING","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT LLC","total":1114464.4700000002,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT LLC","amount":236082.36,"date":"2022-10-24","description":"REALIZED LOSS","surnameMatched":"montgomery","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT LLC","amount":128108.4,"date":"2020-03-31","description":"ACCUMULATED REALIZED LOSSES: JUNE 2018 TO PRESENT","surnameMatched":"montgomery","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT LLC","amount":105280.32,"date":"2020-06-30","description":"ACCUMULATED REALIZED LOSSES: OCTOBER 2018 TO PRESENT","surnameMatched":"montgomery","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT","total":442030.5700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT","amount":106913.95,"date":"2022-10-17","description":"REALIZED LOSS ON LIQUIDATION DATE","surnameMatched":"montgomery","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT","amount":39592.95,"date":"2020-11-12","description":"REALIZED LOSS ON SALE OF LFRAX","surnameMatched":"montgomery","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JANNEY MONTGOMERY SCOTT","amount":34820.3,"date":"2008-09-28","description":"MARKET ADJUSTMENT","surnameMatched":"montgomery","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WEYMOUTH%20WATSON"]},{"id":"P20_P000608_qv4c1b","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Scott Peters sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2015-09-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":3321853.0300000003,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2015-09-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2015-09-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_P000608_1hr1h","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"30 trades in RAND (Other) — 9% of this member's 336 total trades","explanation":"Scott Peters has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"RAND","count":30,"buys":0,"sells":30,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2018-07-27","lastDate":"2020-08-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_P000608_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"53% of PAC dollars ($450,652) come from Party industry","explanation":"Scott Peters receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":450651.96999999986,"share":52.8,"totalPAC":852923.3199999998,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":450651.96999999986,"share":52.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Pharma","amount":85000,"share":10},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":69121.35,"share":8.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":65000,"share":7.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_P000608","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Scott Peters sits on committees regulating Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Energy, Technology, Telecom, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":24},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":43},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":10},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000608","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy)","explanation":"Scott Peters has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":22,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_P000608_WFC_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of WFC in 2015-Q3 while WELLS FARGO & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in WFC during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & CO, WELLS FARGO & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & CO","WELLS FARGO & COMPANY","WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_GOOG_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GOOG in 2015-Q3 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in GOOG during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_JPM_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2015-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in JPM during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE & CO, JP MORGAN CHASE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO","JP MORGAN CHASE","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_JNJ_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2015-Q3 while JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in JNJ during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC, SEYMOUR JOHNSON AFB MILLITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC","SEYMOUR JOHNSON AFB MILLITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_AMZN_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2015-Q3 while AMAZON WEB SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in AMZN during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON WEB SERVICES, AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON.COM"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_MRK_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2015-Q3 while MERCK & CO INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in MRK during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO INC, MERCK & CO., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO INC","MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK & CO. INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_AAPL_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2015-Q3 while APPLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in AAPL during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE, INC., U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE, INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_UNH_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2015-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in UNH during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_BAC_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2015-Q3 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in BAC during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_JPM_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2015-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in JPM during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE & CO, JP MORGAN CHASE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO","JP MORGAN CHASE","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_BA_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BA in 2015-Q3 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in BA during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, BOEING). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING","BOEING COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_UNH_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2015-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in UNH during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_MSFT_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2015-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in MSFT during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_V_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2015-Q3 while VISA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in V during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA INC, VISA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["VISA INC","VISA","VISA INC (FKA VISA U S A INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_WFC_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of WFC in 2015-Q3 while WELLS FARGO & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in WFC during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & CO, WELLS FARGO & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & CO","WELLS FARGO & COMPANY","WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_MSFT_20150902","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2015-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a sell in MSFT during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_AAPL_20150710","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2015-Q3 while APPLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in AAPL during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE, INC., U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE, INC.","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_WFC_20150710","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of WFC in 2015-Q3 while WELLS FARGO & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in WFC during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (WELLS FARGO & CO, WELLS FARGO & COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["WELLS FARGO & CO","WELLS FARGO & COMPANY","WELLS FARGO ADVISORS, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_UNH_20150710","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2015-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in UNH during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_JPM_20150710","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2015-Q3 while JPMORGAN CHASE & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in JPM during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE & CO, JP MORGAN CHASE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO","JP MORGAN CHASE","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_MSFT_20150710","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2015-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORP. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in MSFT during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORP., MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_AMZN_20150710","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2015-Q3 while AMAZON WEB SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in AMZN during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON WEB SERVICES, AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","AMAZON.COM"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_GOOG_20150710","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOG in 2015-Q3 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in GOOG during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_GOOG_20150626","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOG in 2015-Q2 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in GOOG during 2015-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-06-26","quarter":"2015-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_JPM_20150626","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2015-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Scott Peters executed a buy in JPM during 2015-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE & CO, JP MORGAN CHASE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-06-26","quarter":"2015-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO","JP MORGAN CHASE","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P43_P000608_RAND_20200804","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RAND 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Scott Peters sell $RAND 8 days before a corporate insider (Schiesl Andrew R  (CIK 0001495366)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RAND","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RAND","filer":"Schiesl Andrew R  (CIK 0001495366)","filingDate":"2020-08-12","adsh":"0001140361-20-018245"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_P000608_American_Clinical_Laboratory_A_118798","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Clinical Laboratory Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Scott Peters sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2026-01-08 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Proposals to Support Patient Access to Medicare Services\". The witness Ms. Susan Van Meter (American Clinical Laboratory Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118798","title":"Legislative Proposals to Support Patient Access to Medicare Services","date":"2026-01-08T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Susan Van Meter","witnessOrg":"American Clinical Laboratory Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118798"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CLINICAL LABORATORY ASSOCIATON PAC (LABPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CLINICAL%20LABORATORY%20ASSOCIATON%20PAC%20(LABPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118798","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CLINICAL%20LABORATORY%20ASSOCIATON%20PAC%20(LABPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_P000608_American_Chemistry_Council_118897","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Chemistry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Scott Peters sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2026-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“Chemicals in Commerce: Legislative Proposal to Modernize America’s Chemical Safety Law, Strengthen Critical Supply Chai…\". The witness Dr. Kimberly White (American Chemistry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"118897","title":"“Chemicals in Commerce: Legislative Proposal to Modernize America’s Chemical Safety Law, Strengthen Critical Supply Chains, and Grow Domestic Manufacturing.”","date":"2026-01-22T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Kimberly White","witnessOrg":"American Chemistry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118897"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118897","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_P000608_American_Hotel_and_Lodging_Ass_118693","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Hotel and Lodging Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Scott Peters sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2025-11-20 held a hearing titled \"Daylight and Destinations: Examining Time, Travel, and Tourism\". The witness Ms. Rosanna Maietta (American Hotel and Lodging Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"118693","title":"Daylight and Destinations: Examining Time, Travel, and Tourism","date":"2025-11-20T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Rosanna Maietta","witnessOrg":"American Hotel and Lodging Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118693"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN HOTEL AND LODGING ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HOTEL%20AND%20LODGING%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118693","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HOTEL%20AND%20LODGING%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_P000608_American_Chemistry_Council_117835","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Chemistry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Scott Peters sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2025-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”\". The witness Mr. Chris Jahn (American Chemistry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"117835","title":"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”","date":"2025-01-22T15:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Jahn","witnessOrg":"American Chemistry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P52_P000608_JNJ","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $JNJ — JOHNSON & JOHNSON's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Scott Peters executed 4 reported trades in $JNJ (JOHNSON & JOHNSON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"JOHNSON & JOHNSON POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","parent":"JOHNSON & JOHNSON","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-06-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"JOHNSON & JOHNSON POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"JOHNSON & JOHNSON","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=JOHNSON%20%26%20JOHNSON%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=JOHNSON%20%26%20JOHNSON%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_P000608_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 trades in $CMCSA — COMCAST's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Scott Peters executed 6 reported trades in $CMCSA (COMCAST). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","parent":"COMCAST","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL","parent":"COMCAST","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20PAC%20-%20FEDERAL"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20PAC%20-%20FEDERAL","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_P000608_MRK","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $MRK — MERCK's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Scott Peters executed 4 reported trades in $MRK (MERCK). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MERCK & CO., INC., EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MERCK PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","parent":"MERCK","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-06-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MERCK & CO., INC., EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MERCK PAC)","parent":"MERCK","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MERCK%20%26%20CO.%2C%20INC.%2C%20EMPLOYEES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MERCK%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MERCK%20%26%20CO.%2C%20INC.%2C%20EMPLOYEES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MERCK%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_P000608_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 trades in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Scott Peters executed 6 reported trades in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_P000608_AXP","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 trades in $AXP — AMERICAN EXPRESS's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Scott Peters executed 5 reported trades in $AXP (AMERICAN EXPRESS). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","parent":"AMERICAN EXPRESS","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-02"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-10"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"AMERICAN EXPRESS","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMERICAN%20EXPRESS%20COMPANY%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMERICAN%20EXPRESS%20COMPANY%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_P000608","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$112K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 55% from SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES LABOR COUNCIL","explanation":"Scott Peters received $111,628.49 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES LABOR COUNCIL ($61,385.11 = 55%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":111628.49000000003,"oppose":7046,"byYear":{"2012":103220.18,"2014":15426.049999999997,"2016":28.26,"2022":268.66},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005517","name":"SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES LABOR COUNCIL","support":61385.11,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005517/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":26758,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":7046,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":6185.950000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005392/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":6084.0599999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005517/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_P000608","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"41 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $260,000","explanation":"Scott Peters received campaign contributions totaling $260,000 from 41 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 41 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS AMERICA, INC. ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000); THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC ($10,000); NATIONAL CABLE & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION (N ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":41,"totalDollars":260000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS AMERICA, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CABLE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CABLE & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION (NCTA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_P000608_2015-06-23","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"109 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2015-06-23 — 55 unique tickers","explanation":"Scott Peters executed 109 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2015-06-23 to 2015-06-29), spanning 55 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2015-06-23","windowEnd":"2015-06-29","tradeCount":109,"uniqueTickers":55,"totalDisclosedTrades":336,"sampleTickers":["CL","QCOM","BA","FIS","EMC","WFC","AAPL","VZ","CTXS","WMB"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_P000608","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 21 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 69 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Scott Peters appears in 21 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 69 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 21 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (33); committee pac conflict (10); corporate pac ticker trade (5); hearing witness donor (4); vote trade alignment (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":21,"totalFindings":69,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":33},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000608","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_P000608","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Peters's campaign paid $103,317 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: PETERS CONSULTING ($50,000)","explanation":"Scott Peters's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $103,317 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: PETERS CONSULTING ($50,000 across 1 payments, services: POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":103317,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"PETERS CONSULTING","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"PETERS, ALI","total":27097,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: PHOTOGRAPHY"]},{"payee":"PETERS FOR MICHIGAN","total":26220,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARKS- PETERS"]}],"surname":"peters"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CA52089&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P105_P000608","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Peters named on 8 SEC Schedule 13D/G filings — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"Scott Peters appears as a named filer on 8 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filings (most recent: 2013-01-16, form SC 13D/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":8,"latest":{"fileDate":"2013-01-16","form":"SC 13D/A","displayNames":["Peters Scott  (CIK 0001444109)","STAR SCIENTIFIC INC  (CIK 0000776008)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001444109&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1444109/000119312513014384/0001193125-13-014384-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1444109/000119312513014384/0001193125-13-014384-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001444109&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P136_P000608","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Peters ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.8M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Scott Peters's FEC-bulk record shows $18.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $46.7M (PAC: $18.8M, individual: $17.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.74,"lifetimeIndividualM":17.79,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2CA52089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA52089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_P000608","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Peters draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.8M PAC / $46.7M total)","explanation":"Scott Peters's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.8M of $46.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.74,"pacSharePct":40.1,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2CA52089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA52089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_P000608","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Peters disclosed 24 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL PRU $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Scott Peters has filed 24 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL PRU $100,001 - $250,000 on 2015-09-02 · SELL COF $100,001 - $250,000 on 2015-09-02 · SELL FISV $100,001 - $250,000 on 2015-09-02 · SELL DHR $100,001 - $250,000 on 2015-09-02.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":24,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":2800024,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"PRU","action":"SELL","date":"2015-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"COF","action":"SELL","date":"2015-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FISV","action":"SELL","date":"2015-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"DHR","action":"SELL","date":"2015-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","date":"2015-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","date":"2015-09-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_P000608","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Peters executed 9 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL APC (30d apart)","explanation":"Scott Peters has 9 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL APC 2015-08-03 → 2015-09-02 (30d) · BUY→SELL ESRX 2015-07-10 → 2015-08-05 (26d) · BUY→SELL EOG 2015-08-03 → 2015-09-02 (30d) · BUY→SELL BAC 2015-07-10 → 2015-07-17 (7d) · BUY→SELL AGN 2015-08-27 → 2015-09-02 (6d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":9,"samples":[{"ticker":"APC","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-08-03","date2":"2015-09-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"ESRX","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-07-10","date2":"2015-08-05","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"EOG","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-08-03","date2":"2015-09-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BAC","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-07-10","date2":"2015-07-17","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AGN","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-08-27","date2":"2015-09-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ADP","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-08-05","date2":"2015-09-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NEE","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-08-27","date2":"2015-09-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MRO","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-07-10","date2":"2015-08-03","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_P000608","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Peters's PAC funding concentrates 33% in Pharma ($0.04M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Scott Peters's PAC donors concentrate 33% in the Pharma industry — $0.04M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Pharma $0.04M · Telecom $0.02M · Labor $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Pharma","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":33.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Pharma":0.04,"Telecom":0.02,"Labor":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA52089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_P000608","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Peters triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Scott Peters accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":29}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_P000608","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Peters triggers 30 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Scott Peters accumulates findings across 30 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 30 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":30,"sampleDetectors":["P2","P3","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P17","P19","P20","P23","P25","P33","P36","P37","P43","P47","P52","P58","P61","P65","P78","P90","P105","P136","P138","P140","P141","P148","P149"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_P000608_2015-09-02","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Peters — 80 trades on 2015-09-02","explanation":"Scott Peters disclosed 80 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2015-09-02). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2015-09-02","count":80}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_P000608","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Peters — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (332/336)","explanation":"Scott Peters's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":336,"atBracket":332,"pct":"98.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_P000608","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Peters — 66 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Scott Peters has traded 66 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":66,"sample":["RAND","APC","EQT","WFC","PRU","UTX","C","TMO","DG","COF"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_P000608_RAND","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Peters — 30 disclosed trades in single ticker RAND","explanation":"Scott Peters traded RAND on 30 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the RAND trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"RAND","count":30}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P37_P000608_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+8 more P37 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Scott Peters accumulated 33 P37 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 8 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 8 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P37","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":8,"totalRaw":33,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":8,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000608"]}],"J000301":[{"id":"P2_J000301_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_J000301_btof15","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Transportation (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_J000301_47jchy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PO gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_J000301_giyn4k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CASE NEW HOLLAND INDUSTRIAL INC. EXCELLE gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from CASE NEW HOLLAND INDUSTRIAL INC. EXCELLENCE IN GOVERNMENT FUND (CNH INDUSTRIAL EXCELLENCE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CASE NEW HOLLAND INDUSTRIAL INC. EXCELLENCE IN GOVERNMENT FUND (CNH INDUSTRIAL EXCELLENCE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_J000301_uuujsp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Telecom (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T FEDERAL PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T FEDERAL PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_J000301_dxrdpp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PLAINS COTTON GROWERS INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PLAINS COTTON GROWERS INC. PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PLAINS COTTON GROWERS INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_J000301_b2hbjc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_J000301_kgik8u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_J000301_e3hxkk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Dusty Johnson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://dustyjohnson.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusty_Johnson","https://mitchellnow.com/news/236632-rep-dusty-johnson-announces-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P19_J000301_4r5x76","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dusty Johnson campaign paid $83,026,685 to 65 surname-matched vendors, top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","explanation":"Dusty Johnson's campaign paid 210 disbursements totaling $83,026,685 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1791414.8,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1741797,"date":"2016-08-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1570367.35,"date":"2012-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1522556.55,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1469963.4,"date":"2012-10-12","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1355505,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1490194.8,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1416324.9,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":658604.36,"date":"2013-06-03","description":"MEDIA TV BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":3271839.4,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":732000,"date":"2023-12-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":710000,"date":"2025-04-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":645000,"date":"2024-03-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":2000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":2000000,"date":"2016-10-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SHORR%20JOHNSON%20MAGNUS"]},{"id":"P35_J000301_udnrl0","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"DRAIN THE DC SWAMP PAC both supported ($22,266) and opposed ($288,405) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Dusty Johnson advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00662072","name":"DRAIN THE DC SWAMP PAC","support":22265.99,"oppose":288404.86,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662072/"]},{"id":"P61_J000301","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $321,015.01","explanation":"Dusty Johnson received campaign contributions totaling $321,015.01 from 31 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 31 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FIRST IRAQI BANK ($131,015.01); GROWTH ENERGY ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":31,"totalDollars":321015.01,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"FIRST DAKOTA NATIONAL BANK","ldaClient":"FIRST IRAQI BANK","donorTotal":131015.00999999998,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GROWTH ENERGY PAC","ldaClient":"GROWTH ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_J000301","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $272,050 on 2025-03-31 (13.7× normal)","explanation":"Dusty Johnson's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $272,050 on 2025-03-31 — 13.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":603650,"maxRatio":13.7,"maxAmount":272050},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-31","amount":272050,"ratio":13.7,"baselineDaily":19899,"count":93,"cmteId":"C00628917","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00628917&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-12-21","amount":148100,"ratio":12.3,"baselineDaily":12008,"count":67,"cmteId":"C00628917","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00628917&min_date=2023-12-21&max_date=2023-12-21"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-05-13","amount":110300,"ratio":11.5,"baselineDaily":9572,"count":131,"cmteId":"C00628917","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00628917&min_date=2021-05-13&max_date=2021-05-13"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-08-13","amount":73200,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":6599,"count":54,"cmteId":"C00628917","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00628917&min_date=2023-08-13&max_date=2023-08-13"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00628917&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"]},{"id":"P90_J000301","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dusty Johnson's campaign paid $80,019,491 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415)","explanation":"Dusty Johnson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 85 payments totaling $80,019,491 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415 across 56 payments, services: MEDIA BUY · MEDIA · MEDIA PURCHASE). Cycles covered: 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":80019490.8,"paymentCount":85,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","MEDIA","MEDIA PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","ISSUE ORIENTED MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA TV BUY"]},{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS"]}],"surname":"johnson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8SD01055&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_J000301","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dusty Johnson's PAC funding concentrates 83% in Finance ($0.22M / $0.27M classified)","explanation":"Dusty Johnson's PAC donors concentrate 83% in the Finance industry — $0.22M of $0.27M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.22M · Agriculture $0.02M · Real Estate $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.22,"totalPacAmountM":0.27,"concentrationPct":83.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.22,"Agriculture":0.02,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8SD01055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"G000604":[{"id":"P2_G000604_efj7oo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VOTEVETS gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance) and received $10,000 from VOTEVETS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VOTEVETS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://goodlander.house.gov/meet-maggie/committees-and-caucuses/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maggie-goodlander/","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/129734/Margaret_Vivian_Goodlander.html"]},{"id":"P2_G000604_qetcbq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HONOR BOUND PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance) and received $5,000 from HONOR BOUND PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HONOR BOUND PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://goodlander.house.gov/meet-maggie/committees-and-caucuses/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maggie-goodlander/","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/129734/Margaret_Vivian_Goodlander.html"]},{"id":"P2_G000604_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://goodlander.house.gov/meet-maggie/committees-and-caucuses/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maggie-goodlander/","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/129734/Margaret_Vivian_Goodlander.html"]},{"id":"P2_G000604_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://goodlander.house.gov/meet-maggie/committees-and-caucuses/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maggie-goodlander/","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/129734/Margaret_Vivian_Goodlander.html"]},{"id":"P6_G000604_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$458,788 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets (also direct donor)","explanation":"VoteVets spent $458,788 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":458787.84,"oppose":0,"events":2},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"VOTEVETS","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P6_G000604_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$391,622 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote","explanation":"Women Vote spent $391,622 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote","support":391621.72,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P19_G000604_llfex4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maggie Goodlander campaign paid $56,386 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: NISSEN, BRIAN","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander's campaign paid 46 disbursements totaling $56,386 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BRIAN","total":35440.66,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2016-07-27","description":"ENTERTAINMENT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":4048.9,"date":"2018-02-22","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":3924.65,"date":"2018-02-14","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, DAVID","total":6400,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2019-08-20","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":1000,"date":"1996-05-07","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOODLANDER, CHRISTINA","total":4023,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GOODLANDER, CHRISTINA","amount":3273,"date":"2024-02-15","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"goodlander","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GOODLANDER, CHRISTINA","amount":750,"date":"2010-11-16","description":"CONSULTING FOR VOLUNTEERS-PHONE BANKING","surnameMatched":"goodlander","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BOONE","total":2460.14,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":670.89,"date":"2020-03-15","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":665,"date":"2016-06-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":545.75,"date":"2016-04-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOODLANDER, MAGGIE TAMPOSI","total":1952.4700000000003,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"GOODLANDER, MAGGIE TAMPOSI","amount":649.95,"date":"2024-07-11","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"goodlander","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GOODLANDER, MAGGIE TAMPOSI","amount":369.1,"date":"2024-05-19","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"goodlander","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GOODLANDER, MAGGIE TAMPOSI","amount":358.48,"date":"2024-06-15","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"goodlander","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, SPENCER","total":1200,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-04-12","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-08-20","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-07-17","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NISSEN"]},{"id":"P47_G000604_Georgia_s_Own_Credit_Union_117876","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Georgia's Own Credit Union testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks\". The witness Michael Sims (Georgia's Own Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"117876","title":"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Sims","witnessOrg":"Georgia's Own Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_G000604_IUPAT_International_Union_of_P_117691","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades) testified before House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander sits on House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development, which on 2024-09-25 held a hearing titled \"Avenues to Success: Examining Workforce Training Programs for Employees\". The witness Mr. Frank Stento (IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","eventId":"117691","title":"Avenues to Success: Examining Workforce Training Programs for Employees","date":"2024-09-25T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Frank Stento","witnessOrg":"IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117691"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20TOGETHER%20POLITICAL%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117691","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20TOGETHER%20POLITICAL%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_G000604_United_Association_of_Plumbers_115809","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters testified before House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander sits on House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development\". The witness Mr. Erik Elzy (United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","eventId":"115809","title":"Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Erik Elzy","witnessOrg":"United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115809"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115809","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P61_G000604","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $95,000","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander received campaign contributions totaling $95,000 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NORTH STAR SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION ($10,000); WITH HONOR ACTION, INC. ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); FOUNDATION FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND INNOVATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":95000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","ldaClient":"NORTH STAR SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WITH HONOR PAC","ldaClient":"WITH HONOR ACTION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA NEEDS NEW INNOVATION AND ENERGY PAC","ldaClient":"FOUNDATION FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND INNOVATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_G000604","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maggie Goodlander's PAC funding concentrates 50% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Maggie Goodlander's PAC donors concentrate 50% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Labor $0.03M · Energy $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":49.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Labor":0.03,"Energy":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NH02399/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"B001315":[{"id":"P2_B001315_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://budzinski.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://budzinski.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Budzinski"]},{"id":"P2_B001315_sngt8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://budzinski.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://budzinski.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Budzinski"]},{"id":"P2_B001315_e3hxkk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from CHS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://budzinski.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://budzinski.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Budzinski"]},{"id":"P2_B001315_nkspx2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY-ADM PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY-ADM PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY-ADM PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://budzinski.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://budzinski.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Budzinski"]},{"id":"P2_B001315_hj7igi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTER gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://budzinski.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://budzinski.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Budzinski"]},{"id":"P2_B001315_o8wq2e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://budzinski.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://budzinski.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Budzinski"]},{"id":"P6_B001315_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$582,374 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $582,374 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":582374,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_B001315_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$263,454 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $263,454 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":263453.67,"oppose":0,"events":2},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"TO PROTECT OUR HERITAGE PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P6_B001315_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$258,039 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $258,039 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":258039,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P8_B001315_51ix3a","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,965 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $104,965 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":104964.75,"events":1,"byYear":{"2026":104964.75},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30003586","name":"PUBLIC FIRST ACTION INC.","total":104964.75,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001315_nbnzig","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$12,867 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $12,867 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13184.460000000001,"oppose":317.43,"net":12867.03,"events":22,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":13184.460000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":317.43,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001315_7j2s71","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $469,914 / spent $441,022","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00840462","cmteName":"SILICORN VALLEY PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":274264,"totalDisbursements":263912,"cashOnHand":10352.04},{"cmteId":"C00840462","cmteName":"SILICORN VALLEY PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":195650,"totalDisbursements":177109.8,"cashOnHand":28892.24}],"totalRaised":469914,"totalSpent":441021.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001315_pdsbyb","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski campaign paid $161,070 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: BUDZINSKI & PARTNERS, LLC","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski's campaign paid 60 disbursements totaling $161,070 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUDZINSKI & PARTNERS, LLC","total":62500,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"BUDZINSKI & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":10000,"date":"2020-03-26","description":"CONSULTING FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BUDZINSKI & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":7000,"date":"2020-09-24","description":"CONSULTING FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BUDZINSKI & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":7000,"date":"2020-08-27","description":"CONSULTING FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BRIAN","total":35440.66,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2016-07-27","description":"ENTERTAINMENT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":4048.9,"date":"2018-02-22","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":3924.65,"date":"2018-02-14","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUDZINSKI, NIKKI","total":28660.010000000002,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"BUDZINSKI, NIKKI","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-29","description":"","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BUDZINSKI, NIKKI","amount":5000,"date":"2024-06-27","description":"EARMARKED CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION THROUGH AIPAC PAC","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BUDZINSKI, NIKKI","amount":5000,"date":"2025-01-23","description":"","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NIKKI BUDZINSKI CONTRIBUTIONS","total":19500,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"NIKKI BUDZINSKI CONTRIBUTIONS","amount":5800,"date":"2022-03-30","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION EARMARKED","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NIKKI BUDZINSKI CONTRIBUTIONS","amount":5000,"date":"2022-08-10","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION EARMARKED","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NIKKI BUDZINSKI CONTRIBUTIONS","amount":2900,"date":"2022-10-11","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION EARMARKED","surnameMatched":"budzinski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, DAVID","total":6400,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2019-08-20","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":1000,"date":"1996-05-07","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BOONE","total":2460.14,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":670.89,"date":"2020-03-15","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":665,"date":"2016-06-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":545.75,"date":"2016-04-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BUDZINSKI%20%26%20PARTNERS"]},{"id":"P36_B001315","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_B001315_AgWest_Farm_Credit_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AgWest Farm Credit testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mrs. Mandy Minick (AgWest Farm Credit) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Mandy Minick","witnessOrg":"AgWest Farm Credit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_B001315_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_B001315_Home_Depot_116451","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Home Depot testified before House Veterans' Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski sits on House Veterans' Affairs, which on 2023-11-07 held a hearing titled \"Veterans Serving Veterans: The Impact of America’s Businesses on Veteran Employment and Opportunity\". The witness Ms. Erin Izen (Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs","eventId":"116451","title":"Veterans Serving Veterans: The Impact of America’s Businesses on Veteran Employment and Opportunity","date":"2023-11-07T15:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Erin Izen","witnessOrg":"Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116451"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116451","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_B001315","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $220,000","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski received campaign contributions totaling $220,000 from 34 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 32 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000); GROWTH ENERGY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":34,"totalDollars":220000,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GROWTH ENERGY PAC","ldaClient":"GROWTH ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_B001315","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski's campaign paid $25,800 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: BUDZINSKI, NIKKI ($15,000)","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $25,800 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BUDZINSKI, NIKKI ($15,000 across 3 payments, services: EARMARKED CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION THROUGH AIPAC PAC). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":25800,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BUDZINSKI, NIKKI","total":15000,"count":3,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION THROUGH AIPAC PAC"]},{"payee":"NIKKI BUDZINSKI CONTRIBUTIONS","total":10800,"count":2,"descriptions":["CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION EARMARKED"]}],"surname":"budzinski"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2IL13153&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_B001315","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.0M PAC / $21.5M total)","explanation":"Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.0M of $21.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.46,"pacSharePct":32.6,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2IL13153"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL13153/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"F000446":[{"id":"P2_F000446_abonzj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"FRONTIER BANK gave $73,821 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Feenstra serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $73,821 from FRONTIER BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FRONTIER BANK","total":73820.86,"count":7,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Feenstra","https://legisletter.org/legislator/randy-feenstra-F000446/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000446"]},{"id":"P2_F000446_n1fjf0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GT FARM TEAM 2024 gave $6,588 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Feenstra serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $6,588 from GT FARM TEAM 2024, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GT FARM TEAM 2024","total":6588.37,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Feenstra","https://legisletter.org/legislator/randy-feenstra-F000446/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000446"]},{"id":"P2_F000446_oubd1m","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PORK PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Feenstra serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from PORK PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PORK PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Feenstra","https://legisletter.org/legislator/randy-feenstra-F000446/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000446"]},{"id":"P2_F000446_47jchy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PO gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Feenstra serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Feenstra","https://legisletter.org/legislator/randy-feenstra-F000446/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000446"]},{"id":"P2_F000446_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Feenstra serves on committees regulating Finance (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Feenstra","https://legisletter.org/legislator/randy-feenstra-F000446/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000446"]},{"id":"P2_F000446_c5fgfl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SYNGENTA CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Feenstra serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SYNGENTA CORPORATION PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SYNGENTA CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Feenstra","https://legisletter.org/legislator/randy-feenstra-F000446/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000446"]},{"id":"P6_F000446_uuljbe","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,137,640 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PRIORITIES FOR IOWA POLITICAL FUND","explanation":"PRIORITIES FOR IOWA POLITICAL FUND spent $1,137,640 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00568170","name":"PRIORITIES FOR IOWA POLITICAL FUND","support":1137640,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568170/"]},{"id":"P9_F000446_b6riuc","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$34,036 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $34,036 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":34036.01,"oppose":0,"net":34036.01,"events":9,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":30395.25,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3640.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_F000446_52pemt","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $4,109,317 in itemized individual contributions, $3,054,775 (74%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4109317,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-393001,"$200.01-$499":197447,"$500-$999":454810,"$1000-$1999":795286,"$2000 and over":3054775},"megaShare":74.3,"smallDonorShare":-9.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000446_jbnx9m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,000 donation spike on 2025-06-13 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-13 this committee recorded $76,000 across 26 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,300.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00693663","date":"2025-06-13","amount":76000,"count":26,"baseline":8300,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693663/"]},{"id":"P15_F000446_jbm0cp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,820 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $67,820 across 43 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,404.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00693663","date":"2025-03-31","amount":67820,"count":43,"baseline":6404,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693663/"]},{"id":"P15_F000446_a16k3d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,125 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $54,125 across 35 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,044.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00693663","date":"2023-03-31","amount":54125,"count":35,"baseline":7044,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693663/"]},{"id":"P19_F000446_gpmya","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Randy Feenstra campaign paid $1,755,391 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: FEENSTRA FOR GOVERNOR","explanation":"Randy Feenstra's campaign paid 89 disbursements totaling $1,755,391 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEENSTRA FOR GOVERNOR","total":1677645.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"FEENSTRA FOR GOVERNOR","amount":1320935.63,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"feenstra","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FEENSTRA FOR GOVERNOR","amount":164200,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"STATE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"feenstra","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FEENSTRA FOR GOVERNOR","amount":100000,"date":"2025-05-23","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"feenstra","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","total":7934.4400000000005,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":1550,"date":"2014-02-03","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":975,"date":"2014-01-29","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":951,"date":"2013-10-17","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","total":7445.3,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":2445.3,"date":"2014-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":2000,"date":"2008-08-21","description":"INTERN STIPEND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":1000,"date":"2014-07-31","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING-CANDIDATE INKIND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, TOMMY","total":1071.75,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, TOMMY","amount":448.8,"date":"2011-07-11","description":"SHIPPING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DATWYLER, TOMMY","amount":366.92,"date":"2013-02-15","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, TOMMY","amount":256.03,"date":"2013-02-05","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, ELEANOR","total":200,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, ELEANOR","amount":200,"date":"2012-12-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FEENSTRA%20FOR%20GOVERNOR"]},{"id":"P36_F000446","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Randy Feenstra has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_F000446_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Randy Feenstra sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000446_National_Cattlemen_s_Beef_Asso_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Randy Feenstra sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. Todd Wilkinson (National Cattlemen's Beef Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Todd Wilkinson","witnessOrg":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCBA-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCBA-PAC)"]},{"id":"P61_F000446","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $30,000","explanation":"Randy Feenstra received campaign contributions totaling $30,000 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MO STRATEGIES, INC. ON BEHALF OF DIRECT SUPPLY SEN ($15,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($5,000); VALERO ENERGY ($5,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":30000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"DIRECT SUPPLY, INC. PARTNERS PAC (DSI PARTNERS PAC)","ldaClient":"MO STRATEGIES, INC. ON BEHALF OF DIRECT SUPPLY SENIOR LIVING ADVOCACY, INC.","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_F000446","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $67,820 on 2025-03-31 (10.6× normal)","explanation":"Randy Feenstra's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $67,820 on 2025-03-31 — 10.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":67820,"maxRatio":10.6,"maxAmount":67820},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-31","amount":67820,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":6404,"count":43,"cmteId":"C00693663","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00693663&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693663/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00693663&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"]},{"id":"P78_F000446","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Randy Feenstra appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (6); daily donation spike (3); hearing witness donor (2); ie support concentration (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000446","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_F000446","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Randy Feenstra's campaign paid $1,677,646 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: FEENSTRA FOR GOVERNOR ($1,677,646)","explanation":"Randy Feenstra's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 8 payments totaling $1,677,646 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FEENSTRA FOR GOVERNOR ($1,677,646 across 8 payments, services: DONATION · STATE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1677645.63,"paymentCount":8,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FEENSTRA FOR GOVERNOR","total":1677645.63,"count":8,"descriptions":["DONATION","STATE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE"]}],"surname":"feenstra"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0IA04145&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_F000446","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Randy Feenstra draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.7M PAC / $20.4M total)","explanation":"Randy Feenstra's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.7M of $20.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.42,"pacSharePct":42.4,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0IA04145"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IA04145/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001067":[{"id":"P2_H001067_esr6m7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIA gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_nbkldx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIAT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION PAC (NECAPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION PAC (NECAPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_hs7jqa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GOOGLE INC. NETPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from GOOGLE INC. NETPAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GOOGLE INC. NETPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_ltgdde","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_2o7jg2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC./VERIZON WIRE gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC./VERIZON WIRELESS GOOD GOVERNMENT CLUB, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC./VERIZON WIRELESS GOOD GOVERNMENT CLUB","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_mku7s5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_btof15","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_5kt2f8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE  gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BROADBAND PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BROADBAND PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_nnxcd6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ECHOSTAR CORPORATION AND DISH NETWORK CO gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from ECHOSTAR CORPORATION AND DISH NETWORK CORPORATION PAC (ECHOSTAR DISH NETWORK PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ECHOSTAR CORPORATION AND DISH NETWORK CORPORATION PAC (ECHOSTAR DISH NETWORK PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_H001067_ektaja","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CTIA - THE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Richard Hudson serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CTIA - THE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CTIA - THE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001067","https://www.nrcc.org/about-the-chairman/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P6_H001067_tfls3e","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$449,449 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WEST MICHIGAN FOR CHANGE","explanation":"WEST MICHIGAN FOR CHANGE spent $449,449 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00860148","name":"WEST MICHIGAN FOR CHANGE","support":449448.62,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00860148/"]},{"id":"P7_H001067_lhq35h","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,763,350 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,763,350 opposing this member across 81 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2763350.4699999993,"totalSupport":679306.0000000001,"events":81,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":942896.15},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":687582.96},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":614624.2},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":318333.33},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":199913.83}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001067_2l577e","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,024 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $57,024 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":57413.28999999999,"oppose":389.74,"net":57023.549999999996,"events":22,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":47786.24999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":9111.380000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":515.66,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":389.74,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001067_okk4xv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,350 donation spike on 2021-03-30 — 13× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-30 this committee recorded $78,350 across 42 contributions — 13× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,036.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00504522","date":"2021-03-30","amount":78350,"count":42,"baseline":6036,"ratio":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504522/"]},{"id":"P15_H001067_9w2nsw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,680 donation spike on 2022-08-26 — 16.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-26 this committee recorded $57,680 across 62 contributions — 16.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,481.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00504522","date":"2022-08-26","amount":57680,"count":62,"baseline":3481,"ratio":16.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504522/"]},{"id":"P19_H001067_9i8pcj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Hudson campaign paid $5,918,126 to 49 surname-matched vendors, top: HUDSON MEDIA PARTNERS LLC","explanation":"Richard Hudson's campaign paid 165 disbursements totaling $5,918,126 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUDSON MEDIA PARTNERS LLC","total":2775171.82,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"HUDSON MEDIA PARTNERS LLC","amount":210945.9,"date":"2006-10-20","description":"MEDIA TIME BUY","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"HUDSON MEDIA PARTNERS LLC","amount":151357.67,"date":"2006-10-10","description":"MEDIA TIME BUY","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"HUDSON MEDIA PARTNERS LLC","amount":146271.75,"date":"2006-10-05","description":"MEDIA TIME BUY","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUDSON BAY COMPANY","total":621498.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"HUDSON BAY COMPANY","amount":163450.77,"date":"2008-07-18","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUDSON BAY COMPANY","amount":61708.17,"date":"2004-04-20","description":"FUNDRAISER CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HUDSON BAY COMPANY","amount":53420.93,"date":"2007-11-19","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUDSON LEGAL GROUP","total":400000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"HUDSON LEGAL GROUP","amount":165000,"date":"2023-08-16","description":"LEGAL","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HUDSON LEGAL GROUP","amount":165000,"date":"2023-12-13","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HUDSON LEGAL GROUP","amount":70000,"date":"2023-06-21","description":"CAMPAIGN LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUDSON VALLEY STRATEGIES","total":349417.45,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"HUDSON VALLEY STRATEGIES","amount":89268,"date":"2014-10-24","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUDSON VALLEY STRATEGIES","amount":60127,"date":"2012-05-18","description":"FUNDRAISING: DIRECT MAIL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUDSON VALLEY STRATEGIES","amount":57500,"date":"2010-10-23","description":"ADVERTISING: MAIL PIECE","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUDSON COUNTY DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION","total":302000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"HUDSON COUNTY DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION","amount":79000,"date":"2025-09-02","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"HUDSON COUNTY DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION","amount":37500,"date":"2024-08-26","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HUDSON COUNTY DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION","amount":37500,"date":"2005-05-16","description":"TRANSFER OF CAMPAIGN FUNDS","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUDSON, PAUL","total":250000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HUDSON, PAUL","amount":150000,"date":"2024-12-31","description":"THE CANDIDATE FORGIVES THE LOAN MADE TO THE CAMPAIGN IN THE AMOUNT OF $150000. NO FURTHER REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HUDSON, PAUL","amount":100000,"date":"2024-12-31","description":"THE CANDIDATE FORGIVES THE LOAN MADE TO THE CAMPAIGN IN THE AMOUNT OF $100000. NO FURTHER REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"hudson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUDSON%20MEDIA%20PARTNERS%20LLC"]},{"id":"P25_H001067_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of PAC dollars ($651,608) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"Richard Hudson receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":651607.94,"share":72.9,"totalPAC":894144.4099999999,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":651607.94,"share":72.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":57800,"share":6.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Telecom","amount":30000,"share":3.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":29736.47,"share":3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001067","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Richard Hudson has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_H001067","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$57K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 83% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Richard Hudson received $57,413.29 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($47,786.25 = 83%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":57413.28999999999,"oppose":389.74,"byYear":{"2012":824.89,"2014":80.51,"2016":12258.33,"2020":27943.79,"2022":12880.43,"2024":4159.75},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":47786.24999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":9111.380000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":515.66,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":389.74,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_H001067","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"35 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $180,000","explanation":"Richard Hudson received campaign contributions totaling $180,000 from 35 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 35 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000); NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION ($5,000); NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":35,"totalDollars":180000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC)","ldaClient":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE (FISHPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_H001067","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $78,350 on 2021-03-30 (13.0× normal)","explanation":"Richard Hudson's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $78,350 on 2021-03-30 — 13.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":136030,"maxRatio":16.6,"maxAmount":78350},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-30","amount":78350,"ratio":13,"baselineDaily":6036,"count":42,"cmteId":"C00504522","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00504522&min_date=2021-03-30&max_date=2021-03-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-08-26","amount":57680,"ratio":16.6,"baselineDaily":3481,"count":62,"cmteId":"C00504522","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00504522&min_date=2022-08-26&max_date=2022-08-26"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504522/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00504522&min_date=2021-03-30&max_date=2021-03-30"]},{"id":"P70_H001067","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Partner at Sonix LLC Fultondale, AL","explanation":"Richard Hudson's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at Sonix LLC Fultondale, AL (Partnership); Partner at 1219 Holdings LLC Fultondale, AL (Partnership).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2024 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"Sonix LLC Fultondale, AL","entityType":"Partnership"},{"dates":"Jul 2024 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"1219 Holdings LLC Fultondale, AL","entityType":"Partnership"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_H001067","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$224,917 in outside earned income — top source: Covenant Rescue Group Gardendale, AL ($$193,417.00)","explanation":"Richard Hudson's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $224,917 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Covenant Rescue Group Gardendale, AL ($193,417.00, Salary); The Shooting Institute LLC Fultondale, AL ($31,500.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":224917,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Covenant Rescue Group Gardendale, AL","amount":"$193,417.00","amountNumeric":193417},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"The Shooting Institute LLC Fultondale, AL","amount":"$31,500.00","amountNumeric":31500}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001067","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 23 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Richard Hudson appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 23 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (10); daily donation spike (2); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":23,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001067","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P87_H001067_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Hudson's 2025 PFD: 17 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (71% of 24 reported assets)","explanation":"Richard Hudson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 17 reported holdings owned by Spouse (3), Joint (14), or Dependent (0) — 71% of 24 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: US Bank Assoc · Joint: PRGFX - T. Rowe Price Growth Stock Fd · Joint: TUHYX - T. Rowe Price U.S. High Yield Fund Investor Clas · Joint: PBDIX - T. Rowe Price Qm U.S. Bond Index Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":3,"Joint":14,"Dependent":0,"Self":6},"totalAssets":24,"familyShare":0.708,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"US Bank Assoc","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"PRGFX - T. Rowe Price Growth Stock Fd","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TUHYX - T. Rowe Price U.S. High Yield Fund Investor Clas","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"PBDIX - T. Rowe Price Qm U.S. Bond Index Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"PRWCX - T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_H001067","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Hudson's campaign paid $2,076,565 to 12 surname-matched vendors — top: HUDSON BAY COMPANY ($621,498)","explanation":"Richard Hudson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 35 payments totaling $2,076,565 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HUDSON BAY COMPANY ($621,498 across 11 payments, services: FUNDRAISING SERVICES · FUNDRAISER CONSULTING · FUNDRAISING FEE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2076564.8800000001,"paymentCount":35,"payeeCount":12,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HUDSON BAY COMPANY","total":621498.32,"count":11,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING SERVICES","FUNDRAISER CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING FEE"]},{"payee":"HUDSON LEGAL GROUP","total":400000,"count":3,"descriptions":["LEGAL","LEGAL FEES","CAMPAIGN LEGAL FEES"]},{"payee":"HUDSON VALLEY STRATEGIES","total":349417.45,"count":6,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PRINTING & POSTAGE","FUNDRAISING: DIRECT MAIL EXPENSES","ADVERTISING: MAIL PIECE"]},{"payee":"HUDSON COUNTY DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION","total":153500,"count":3,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"HUDSON BAY OF ILLINOIS","total":139645,"count":3,"descriptions":["TELEMARKETING"]}],"surname":"hudson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NC08185&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P106_H001067_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Hudson holds 1 ticker on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — SO ($18.9M)","explanation":"Richard Hudson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $18.9M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: SO ($18.9M, 64 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":18.94,"holdings":[{"ticker":"SO","totalLobby":18940000,"recordCount":64,"topClient":"SOUTHERN COMPANY"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P109_H001067","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Hudson named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.9M total receipts) — top: HUDSON FREEDOM FUND","explanation":"Richard Hudson appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HUDSON FREEDOM FUND (C00548818, $3.9M receipts, treasurer LISA LISKER). Active years: 7, first seen 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.86,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00548818","name":"HUDSON FREEDOM FUND","receipts":3862073.94,"treasurer":"LISA LISKER","activeYears":7,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548818/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548818/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00548818/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_H001067","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Hudson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $23.2M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Richard Hudson's FEC-bulk record shows $23.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $43.5M (PAC: $23.2M, individual: $15.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":23.22,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.52,"lifetimeIndividualM":15.84,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2NC08185"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC08185/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_H001067","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Hudson draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($23.2M PAC / $43.5M total)","explanation":"Richard Hudson's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($23.2M of $43.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":23.22,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.52,"pacSharePct":53.3,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2NC08185"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC08185/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P147_H001067_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Hudson's 2025 PFD reports earned income $225K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: The Shooting Institute LLC)","explanation":"Richard Hudson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $224,917 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from The Shooting Institute LLC ($31,500.00) · Self: Salary from Covenant Rescue Group Gardendale, ($193,417.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":224917,"earnedIncomeK":225,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"The Shooting Institute LLC Fultondale, AL","amount":"$31,500.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Covenant Rescue Group Gardendale, AL","amount":"$193,417.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P168_H001067_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Hudson's 2025 PFD: liabilities $0.38M = 54% of assets $0.70M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Richard Hudson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $0.38M against total assets of $0.70M — a leverage ratio of 54%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":697012,"totalLiabMid":375000.5,"leverageRatio":0.538,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_H001067_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Hudson's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Richard Hudson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_H001067_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Hudson — 11 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Richard Hudson's 2025 Senate PFD shows 11 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":11,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8d898db-f1e7-42a1-a866-62bae975b415/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001231":[{"id":"P2_M001231_hj7igi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTER gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_qp5elx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NORTH ATLANTIC STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL O gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from NORTH ATLANTIC STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE, UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS & JOINERS OF AMERICA, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NORTH ATLANTIC STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE, UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS & JOINERS OF AMERICA","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_r46x33","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATI gave $10,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Education (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_79ibrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_w23sb8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS  gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_ah8xiw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_aafr0c","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CR gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $10,000 from INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_k12lss","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Education (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_t80ack","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VOICE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from VOICE PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VOICE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_gtpn1f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_giwro","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE  gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_8qosaa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATION gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_e3ndze","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Education (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 158 VOLUNTARY POLITICAL ACTION FUND, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 158 VOLUNTARY POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_qjdei8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVT. EMPL. POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVT. EMPL. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF GOVT. EMPL. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_glsvz1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND INC PAC,  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND INC PAC, DBA PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERAL PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND INC PAC, DBA PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_cf0bv3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS' ASSOCIAT gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_vqrknb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"JOINT ACTION COMMITTEE FOR POLITICAL AFF gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from JOINT ACTION COMMITTEE FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JOINT ACTION COMMITTEE FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_f4fwck","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_nwwmvu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION COMMITTEE  gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL ACTION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL ACTION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_ovpemd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS STAFF UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Education (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS STAFF UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS STAFF UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_wwo1pv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUN gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_9bq0kj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PA gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001231_3atane","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"John Mannion serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Agriculture) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Agriculture","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Agriculture"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/john-mannion-M001231/committees","http://mannion.house.gov/issues/congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mannion_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P6_M001231_tfzsau","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$835,674 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Battleground New York","explanation":"Battleground New York spent $835,674 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00859355","name":"Battleground New York","support":835674.3300000001,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859355/"]},{"id":"P6_M001231_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$749,339 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $749,339 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":749338.64,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_M001231_tedq06","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$462,620 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NY Common Ground","explanation":"NY Common Ground spent $462,620 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00887141","name":"NY Common Ground","support":462620,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00887141/"]},{"id":"P6_M001231_ufti6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$450,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EARN INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING EN","explanation":"EARN INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS spent $450,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00624817","name":"EARN INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","support":450000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00624817/"]},{"id":"P6_M001231_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$316,627 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $316,627 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":316626.7,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_M001231_vaishi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$299,986 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NEA Advocacy Fund","explanation":"NEA Advocacy Fund spent $299,986 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489815","name":"NEA Advocacy Fund","support":299985.76000000007,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489815/"]},{"id":"P6_M001231_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$276,533 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CFFE PAC","explanation":"CFFE PAC spent $276,533 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"CFFE PAC","support":276532.5,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P7_M001231_a8ha94","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,400,748 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,400,748 opposing this member across 157 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1400747.5999999999,"totalSupport":3900026.9500000007,"events":157,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1380747.5999999999},{"name":"SAVE CENTRAL NEW YORK PAC","oppose":20000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001231_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4362 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,441,778 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4362× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,441,778. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4362,"total":1441778,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001231_dg8bzd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,783 donation spike on 2024-06-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-30 this committee recorded $68,783 across 86 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,754.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00845461","date":"2024-06-30","amount":68783,"count":86,"baseline":8754,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00845461/"]},{"id":"P19_M001231_os7buo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Mannion campaign paid $1,781,646 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: ROSENDALE, MATT","explanation":"John Mannion's campaign paid 11 disbursements totaling $1,781,646 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROSENDALE, MATT","total":650000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ROSENDALE, MATT","amount":400000,"date":"2025-03-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"matt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ROSENDALE, MATT","amount":250000,"date":"2025-03-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"matt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MATT BEVIN FOR GOVERNOR","total":529000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MATT BEVIN FOR GOVERNOR","amount":200000,"date":"2019-10-24","description":"DIRECT CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"matt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MATT BEVIN FOR GOVERNOR","amount":200000,"date":"2019-10-17","description":"DIRECT CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"matt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MATT BEVIN FOR GOVERNOR","amount":129000,"date":"2019-11-05","description":"DIRECT CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"matt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARIKER, MATT","total":250000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ARIKER, MATT","amount":250000,"date":"2020-07-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"matt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MATT BLAKE FOR IOWA","total":200000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MATT BLAKE FOR IOWA","amount":200000,"date":"2024-10-10","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION FROM CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"matt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DUBIEL, MATT","total":128000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DUBIEL, MATT","amount":128000,"date":"2022-12-14","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"matt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MANNION, NANCY","total":19645.5,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MANNION, NANCY","amount":14250,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"VENUE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"mannion","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MANNION, NANCY","amount":5395.5,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"DIGITAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mannion","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ROSENDALE"]},{"id":"P36_M001231","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 34 total findings","explanation":"John Mannion has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":34,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001231_Communications_Workers_of_Amer_118363","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Communications Workers of America testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John Mannion sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"\"Restoring Balance: Ensuring Fairness and Transparency at the NLRB\"\". The witness Ms. Jennifer Abruzzo (Communications Workers of America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions","eventId":"118363","title":"\"Restoring Balance: Ensuring Fairness and Transparency at the NLRB\"","date":"2025-06-11T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Jennifer Abruzzo","witnessOrg":"Communications Workers of America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118363"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNICATIONS%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20-%20COPE%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118363","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNICATIONS%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20-%20COPE%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_M001231_Voluntary_Protection_Program_P_118497","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voluntary Protection Program Participants' Association (VPPA) testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John Mannion sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Safe Workplaces, Stronger Partnerships: The Future of OSHA Compliance Assistance\"\". The witness Mr. Chris Williams (Voluntary Protection Program Participants' Association (VPPA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections","eventId":"118497","title":"\"Safe Workplaces, Stronger Partnerships: The Future of OSHA Compliance Assistance\"","date":"2025-07-16T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Williams","witnessOrg":"Voluntary Protection Program Participants' Association (VPPA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118497"},{"source":"donor","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MI","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UAW%20-%20V%20-%20CAP%20(UAW%20VOLUNTARY%20COMMUNITY%20ACTION%20PROGRAM)%20'INT'L%20UNION%20UNITED%20AUTOMOBILE%20AEROSPACE%20%26%20AGRICULTURAL%20IMPLEMENT%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20UAW"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118497","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UAW%20-%20V%20-%20CAP%20(UAW%20VOLUNTARY%20COMMUNITY%20ACTION%20PROGRAM)%20'INT'L%20UNION%20UNITED%20AUTOMOBILE%20AEROSPACE%20%26%20AGRICULTURAL%20IMPLEMENT%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20UAW"]},{"id":"P47_M001231_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John Mannion sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"]},{"id":"P47_M001231_National_Association_of_Letter_118183","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Association  of Letter Carriers testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John Mannion sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections, which on 2025-05-06 held a hearing titled \"\"FECA Reform and Oversight: Prioritizing Workers, Protecting Taxpayer Dollars\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association  of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections","eventId":"118183","title":"\"FECA Reform and Oversight: Prioritizing Workers, Protecting Taxpayer Dollars\"","date":"2025-05-06T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association  of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118183"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118183","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"]},{"id":"P47_M001231_United_Council_on_Welfare_Frau_116052","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"United Council on Welfare Fraud testified before House Agriculture — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John Mannion sits on House Agriculture, which on 2023-06-07 held a hearing titled \"“Innovation, Employment, Integrity, and Health: Opportunities for Modernization in Title IV”\". The witness Ms. Dawn Royal (United Council on Welfare Fraud) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"116052","title":"“Innovation, Employment, Integrity, and Health: Opportunities for Modernization in Title IV”","date":"2023-06-07T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Dawn Royal","witnessOrg":"United Council on Welfare Fraud","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116052"},{"source":"donor","name":"NORTH ATLANTIC STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE, UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS & JOINERS OF AMERICA","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NORTH%20ATLANTIC%20STATES%20REGIONAL%20COUNCIL%20OF%20CARPENTERS%20LEGISLATIVE%20IMPROVEMENT%20COMMITTEE%2C%20UNITED%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20CARPENTERS%20%26%20JOINERS%20OF%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116052","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NORTH%20ATLANTIC%20STATES%20REGIONAL%20COUNCIL%20OF%20CARPENTERS%20LEGISLATIVE%20IMPROVEMENT%20COMMITTEE%2C%20UNITED%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20CARPENTERS%20%26%20JOINERS%20OF%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P61_M001231","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $200,000","explanation":"John Mannion received campaign contributions totaling $200,000 from 29 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 28 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":29,"totalDollars":200000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001231","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Mannion's campaign paid $19,646 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: MANNION, NANCY ($19,646)","explanation":"John Mannion's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $19,646 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MANNION, NANCY ($19,646 across 2 payments, services: VENUE RENTAL · DIGITAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":19645.5,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MANNION, NANCY","total":19645.5,"count":2,"descriptions":["VENUE RENTAL","DIGITAL CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"mannion"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NY22085&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_M001231","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Mannion's PAC funding concentrates 36% in Labor ($0.06M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"John Mannion's PAC donors concentrate 36% in the Labor industry — $0.06M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.06M · Technology $0.04M · Defense $0.02M · Education $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":35.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.06,"Technology":0.04,"Defense":0.02,"Education":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY22085/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"M001238":[{"id":"P2_M001238_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $71,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sarah McBride serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $71,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":71000,"count":21,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_McBride","http://mcbride.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sarah-McBride"]},{"id":"P2_M001238_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sarah McBride serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_McBride","http://mcbride.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sarah-McBride"]},{"id":"P2_M001238_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sarah McBride serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_McBride","http://mcbride.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sarah-McBride"]},{"id":"P2_M001238_r7kcw0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Sarah McBride serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATION ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATION ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_McBride","http://mcbride.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sarah-McBride"]},{"id":"P6_M001238_uva9vf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$319,661 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Equality PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"Equality PAC spent $319,661 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00550970","name":"Equality PAC","support":319660.58999999997,"oppose":0,"events":9},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"EQUALITY PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550970/"]},{"id":"P14_M001238_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5064 employees of N/A gave $1,518,824 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5064× N/A = $1,518,824. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":5064,"total":1518824,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001238_ezjxhg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,468 donation spike on 2025-09-16 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-16 this committee recorded $57,468 across 25 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,977.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00843763","date":"2025-09-16","amount":57468,"count":25,"baseline":6977,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00843763/"]},{"id":"P15_M001238_2e0m6w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,000 donation spike on 2025-09-19 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-19 this committee recorded $69,000 across 69 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,701.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00888743","date":"2025-09-19","amount":69000,"count":69,"baseline":9701,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00888743/"]},{"id":"P19_M001238_cfpyzu","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sarah McBride campaign paid $1,220,809 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: MCBRIDE, MARISSA","explanation":"Sarah McBride's campaign paid 129 disbursements totaling $1,220,809 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCBRIDE, MARISSA","total":900747.8600000003,"count":85,"samples":[{"payee":"MCBRIDE, MARISSA","amount":45413.44,"date":"2023-12-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCBRIDE, MARISSA","amount":12617.82,"date":"2021-06-10","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MCBRIDE, MARISSA","amount":11667,"date":"2024-10-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE, INC","total":131750,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE, INC","amount":131750,"date":"2025-09-29","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FENNELL, CHERYL","total":43796.619999999995,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"FENNELL, CHERYL","amount":10000,"date":"2016-11-08","description":"STAFF BONUS","surnameMatched":"fennell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"FENNELL, CHERYL","amount":3000,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"OUTREACH COORDINATOR SEPT 2014","surnameMatched":"fennell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"FENNELL, CHERYL","amount":3000,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"OUTREACH COORDINATOR AUGUST 2014","surnameMatched":"fennell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE, INC.","total":33061.59,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE, INC.","amount":17675.76,"date":"2024-05-08","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT COMMITTEE PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE, INC.","amount":7790.46,"date":"2023-12-08","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT COMMITTEE PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE, INC.","amount":7595.37,"date":"2024-06-24","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT COMMITTEE PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE INC.","total":26577.81,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE INC.","amount":26577.81,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCBRIDE, GRAY","total":15383.1,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCBRIDE, GRAY","amount":15383.1,"date":"2004-11-01","description":"DIRECTOR OF CANVASSING","surnameMatched":"mcbride","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MCBRIDE"]},{"id":"P27_M001238_snfu80","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donor PACs share treasurer \"MAY JENNIFER\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00633156","name":"I GOT YOUR BACK PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00753947","name":"LA BAMBA PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00785899","name":"EQUALITY PROJECT PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00852533","name":"DELAWARE EQUALITY PROJECT","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001238","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Sarah McBride has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001238","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $88,300","explanation":"Sarah McBride received campaign contributions totaling $88,300 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,300); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($10,000); AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":88300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE/ INTERNATIONAL UNION OR OPERATING ENGINEERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001238","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sarah McBride's campaign paid $936,253 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: MCBRIDE, MARISSA ($900,748)","explanation":"Sarah McBride's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 88 payments totaling $936,253 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MCBRIDE, MARISSA ($900,748 across 85 payments, services: SALARY). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":936253.3400000002,"paymentCount":88,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MCBRIDE, MARISSA","total":900747.8600000003,"count":85,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"MCBRIDE, GRAY","total":15383.1,"count":1,"descriptions":["DIRECTOR OF CANVASSING"]},{"payee":"MCBRIDE, D JAN  ","total":11934.96,"count":1,"descriptions":["ACCOUNTING CONSULTING,MEALS,TRANSPORTATI"]},{"payee":"MCBRIDE, ADAM","total":8187.42,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"mcbride"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4DE00045&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_M001238","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sarah McBride's PAC funding concentrates 49% in Technology ($0.08M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Sarah McBride's PAC donors concentrate 49% in the Technology industry — $0.08M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.08M · Healthcare $0.02M · Labor $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":48.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.08,"Healthcare":0.02,"Labor":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4DE00045/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"F000476":[{"id":"P2_F000476_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $112,200 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxwell Frost serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $112,200 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":112200,"count":34,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-maxwell-frost/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Frost","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maxwell-Frost"]},{"id":"P2_F000476_c173cw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY A gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxwell Frost serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-maxwell-frost/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Frost","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maxwell-Frost"]},{"id":"P2_F000476_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxwell Frost serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-maxwell-frost/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Frost","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maxwell-Frost"]},{"id":"P2_F000476_udem4r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxwell Frost serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-maxwell-frost/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Frost","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maxwell-Frost"]},{"id":"P2_F000476_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxwell Frost serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-maxwell-frost/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Frost","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maxwell-Frost"]},{"id":"P2_F000476_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxwell Frost serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-maxwell-frost/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_Frost","https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maxwell-Frost"]},{"id":"P6_F000476_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$963,178 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $963,178 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":963178.03,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P10_F000476_6e5f8h","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $165,008 / spent $155,087","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00826685","cmteName":"A LOVE SUPREME PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":20689.3,"totalDisbursements":5733.8,"cashOnHand":14955.48},{"cmteId":"C00826685","cmteName":"A LOVE SUPREME PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":123308.9,"totalDisbursements":138184.7,"cashOnHand":79.73},{"cmteId":"C00826685","cmteName":"A LOVE SUPREME PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":21010,"totalDisbursements":11168.9,"cashOnHand":9920.83}],"totalRaised":165008.19999999998,"totalSpent":155087.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_F000476_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22075 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,691,777 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 22075× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,691,777. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":22075,"total":1691777,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000476_e0k1sz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,916 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $53,916 across 86 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,536.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786822","date":"2023-06-30","amount":53916,"count":86,"baseline":5536,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786822/"]},{"id":"P19_F000476_1lwhj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maxwell Frost campaign paid $2,993,763 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: THE FROST GROUP","explanation":"Maxwell Frost's campaign paid 92 disbursements totaling $2,993,763 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE FROST GROUP","total":1382834.85,"count":48,"samples":[{"payee":"THE FROST GROUP","amount":108174.73,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"PRODUCTION EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE FROST GROUP","amount":48000,"date":"2024-01-16","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE FROST GROUP","amount":45996,"date":"2025-04-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FROST GROUP","total":288893.42,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"FROST GROUP","amount":51390.96,"date":"2024-10-22","description":"TRAVEL & EVENT REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FROST GROUP","amount":42644.87,"date":"2024-06-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FROST GROUP","amount":30678.82,"date":"2023-12-06","description":"REIMBURSEMENT, SEE BELOW IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FROST LIGHTING CO. OF FLORIDA INC","total":172505.45,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"FROST LIGHTING CO. OF FLORIDA INC","amount":79869.72,"date":"2021-04-21","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION / STAGING","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"FROST LIGHTING CO. OF FLORIDA INC","amount":57365.85,"date":"2025-05-09","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION / STAGING","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FROST LIGHTING CO. OF FLORIDA INC","amount":35269.88,"date":"2018-03-28","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FROST FLORIDA","total":156398.43000000002,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"FROST FLORIDA","amount":54755.4,"date":"2024-05-01","description":"AUDIO VISUAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FROST FLORIDA","amount":42092.18,"date":"2019-03-25","description":"EVENT STAGING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"FROST FLORIDA","amount":40012.65,"date":"2019-04-26","description":"EVENT STAGING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF HEAT & FROST INSULATORS AND ALLIED WORKERS","total":139128.66999999998,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF HEAT & FROST INSULATORS AND ALLIED WORKERS","amount":71454.27,"date":"2026-01-21","description":"SALARY REIMBURSEMENT FOR AMY WADE 2025","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF HEAT & FROST INSULATORS AND ALLIED WORKERS","amount":67674.4,"date":"2025-01-21","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: 1/2 AMY WADE SALARY & BENEFITS 2024","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FROST LIGHTING","total":138669.27,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"FROST LIGHTING","amount":47767.64,"date":"2020-03-13","description":"AMEX PMT [SB21B.64231]: EVENT STAGING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"FROST LIGHTING","amount":47407.72,"date":"2020-03-13","description":"AMEX PMT [SB21B.64231]: EVENT STAGING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"FROST LIGHTING","amount":22290.5,"date":"2014-10-21","description":"LIGHTING, AUDIO, SPEAKERS FOR SCHNEIDER EVENT","surnameMatched":"frost","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THE%20FROST%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P36_F000476","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Maxwell Frost has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_F000476","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Maxwell Frost received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEME ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","ldaClient":"UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_F000476","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maxwell Frost's campaign paid $2,151,730 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: THE FROST GROUP ($1,333,116)","explanation":"Maxwell Frost's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 70 payments totaling $2,151,730 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: THE FROST GROUP ($1,333,116 across 46 payments, services: PRODUCTION EXPENSES · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES · DIGITAL ADVERTISING). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2151729.63,"paymentCount":70,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"THE FROST GROUP","total":1333116.3,"count":46,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION EXPENSES","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","DIGITAL ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"FROST FLORIDA","total":156398.43000000002,"count":4,"descriptions":["AUDIO VISUAL SERVICES","EVENT STAGING EXPENSE","JFC LIGHTING/STAGING/AUDI VISUAL"]},{"payee":"FROST LIGHTING","total":138669.27,"count":4,"descriptions":["AMEX PMT [SB21B.64231]: EVENT STAGING EXPENSE","LIGHTING, AUDIO, SPEAKERS FOR SCHNEIDER EVENT","FUNDRAISING EVENT CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FROST GROUP","total":134661.74,"count":5,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"FROST","total":91000,"count":1,"descriptions":["STAGING, SOUND, LIGHTING"]}],"surname":"frost"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2FL10259&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_F000476","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maxwell Frost's PAC funding concentrates 75% in Technology ($0.12M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Maxwell Frost's PAC donors concentrate 75% in the Technology industry — $0.12M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.12M · Defense $0.02M · Energy $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M · Labor $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.12,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":74.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.12,"Defense":0.02,"Energy":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL10259/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_F000476","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maxwell Frost — DW-NOMINATE -0.44 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Maxwell Frost's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.44) is 1.6 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.44,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.57"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"W000797":[{"id":"P2_W000797_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_fnyrnr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_b6wxom","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HUMANA INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from HUMANA INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUMANA INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_ojxheh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"U.S.-CUBA DEMOCRACY POLITICAL ACTION COM gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from U.S.-CUBA DEMOCRACY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"U.S.-CUBA DEMOCRACY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_nyuopa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPL gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HIIPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HIIPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_uh97ye","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_jizzc8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY PAC AKA ASTRO PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY PAC AKA ASTRO PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_nurbt6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP. ASSOC. POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP. ASSOC. POLITICAL FUND, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP. ASSOC. POLITICAL FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000797_mus03u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION POL gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GUIDEWELL PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GUIDEWELL PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/debbie-wasserman-schultz","https://legisletter.org/legislator/debbie-wasserman-schultz-W000797/committees","https://wassermanschultz.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P4_W000797_Technology","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology trades filed 118d late on avg — overall avg only 73d","explanation":"In Technology (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 118.0 days — versus 73.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":4,"avgGap":118},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":7,"avgGap":73},{"source":"pac","sector":"Technology","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_W000797_vbmdhh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$597,345 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Patriot Majority PAC","explanation":"Patriot Majority PAC spent $597,345 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00469890","name":"Patriot Majority PAC","support":597344.8899999999,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00469890/"]},{"id":"P19_W000797_vr9q9f","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz campaign paid $1,465,409 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: GREG SCHULTZ LLC","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz's campaign paid 72 disbursements totaling $1,465,409 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GREG SCHULTZ LLC","total":947500,"count":61,"samples":[{"payee":"GREG SCHULTZ LLC","amount":30000,"date":"2021-08-26","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GREG SCHULTZ LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2017-11-15","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GREG SCHULTZ LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2019-06-26","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHULTZ, ALEXANDER","total":150000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHULTZ, ALEXANDER","amount":50000,"date":"2021-02-26","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCHULTZ, ALEXANDER","amount":50000,"date":"2021-02-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCHULTZ, ALEXANDER","amount":50000,"date":"2021-02-01","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"INTEGRAM ATTN:  PETE SCHULTZ","total":139013.67,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"INTEGRAM ATTN:  PETE SCHULTZ","amount":139013.67,"date":"2004-10-27","description":"FREIGHT CHARGES","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHULTZ, MICHAEL NEIL","total":58452,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHULTZ, MICHAEL NEIL","amount":58452,"date":"2024-08-06","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHULTZ, GREGG","total":40000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHULTZ, GREGG","amount":40000,"date":"2017-02-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION IN KIND / STARTUP","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHULTZ DEBBIE WASSERMAN","total":32500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHULTZ DEBBIE WASSERMAN","amount":32500,"date":"2008-06-30","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"schultz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GREG%20SCHULTZ%20LLC"]},{"id":"P32_W000797","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"24% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 79 disclosed trades, 19 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.7× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":19,"total":79,"rate":24.1},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.73}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_W000797_PTEN_20220520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PTEN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz sell $PTEN 2 days after a corporate insider (Wexler Seth David  (CIK 0001469527)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTEN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PTEN","filer":"Wexler Seth David  (CIK 0001469527)","filingDate":"2022-05-18","adsh":"0001209191-22-030018","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000797_LGF.B_20220914","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LGF.B 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz buy $LGF.B 2 days after a corporate insider (SIMMONS HARDWICK  (CIK 0001207210)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LGF.B","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LGF.B","filer":"SIMMONS HARDWICK  (CIK 0001207210)","filingDate":"2022-09-12","adsh":"0001207210-22-000003","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000797_LGF.B_20220914","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LGF.B 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz buy $LGF.B 1 day before a corporate insider (Crawford Gordon  (CIK 0001567530)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LGF.B","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LGF.B","filer":"Crawford Gordon  (CIK 0001567530)","filingDate":"2022-09-15","adsh":"0001567530-22-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000797_ANGO_20250716","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ANGO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz sell $ANGO 2 days before a corporate insider (Tarnoff Michael E  (CIK 0001603289)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANGO","filer":"Tarnoff Michael E  (CIK 0001603289)","filingDate":"2025-07-18","adsh":"0001140361-25-026457"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_W000797_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_119152","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2026-04-16 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"119152","title":"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA","date":"2026-04-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES SUGAR CORPORATION EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE,","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"FL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20SUGAR%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEE%20STOCK%20OWNERSHIP%20PLAN%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%2C"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20SUGAR%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEE%20STOCK%20OWNERSHIP%20PLAN%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%2C"]},{"id":"P47_W000797_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_118241","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2025-05-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"118241","title":"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard","date":"2025-05-14T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES SUGAR CORPORATION EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE,","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"FL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20SUGAR%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEE%20STOCK%20OWNERSHIP%20PLAN%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%2C"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20SUGAR%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEE%20STOCK%20OWNERSHIP%20PLAN%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%2C"]},{"id":"P47_W000797_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $21,600 donor","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $21,600 in contributions across 5 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":21600,"count":5,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_W000797","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"38 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $266,600","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz received campaign contributions totaling $266,600 from 38 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 38 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($21,600); THE UNITED ASSOCIATION OF PLUMBERS, FITTERS, WELDE ($10,000); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":38,"totalDollars":266600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":21600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED ASSOCIATION - UNION OF PLUMBERS, FITTERS, WELDERS & SERVICE TECHS","ldaClient":"THE UNITED ASSOCIATION OF PLUMBERS, FITTERS, WELDERS AND SERVICE TECHS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_W000797","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz's campaign paid $198,631 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: INTEGRAM ATTN:  PETE SCHULTZ ($139,014)","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $198,631 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: INTEGRAM ATTN:  PETE SCHULTZ ($139,014 across 1 payments, services: FREIGHT CHARGES). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":198631.03000000003,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"INTEGRAM ATTN:  PETE SCHULTZ","total":139013.67,"count":1,"descriptions":["FREIGHT CHARGES"]},{"payee":"SCHULTZ, MATTHEW","total":30000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"SCHULTZ, SETH","total":29617.36,"count":1,"descriptions":["GENERAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"schultz"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4FL20023&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P140_W000797","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL SGBK $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL SGBK $100,001 - $250,000 on 2015-06-23 · SELL SGBK $100,001 - $250,000 on 2015-03-24 · BUY SGBK $250,001 - $500,000 on 2015-02-23.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":450003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"SGBK","action":"SELL","date":"2015-06-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SGBK","action":"SELL","date":"2015-03-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SGBK","action":"BUY","date":"2015-02-23","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_W000797","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ANGO (19d apart)","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ANGO 2025-06-27 → 2025-07-16 (19d) · SELL→BUY MAG 2024-01-05 → 2024-01-08 (3d) · BUY→SELL SGBK 2015-02-23 → 2015-03-24 (29d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"ANGO","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-06-27","date2":"2025-07-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MAG","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-01-05","date2":"2024-01-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SGBK","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-02-23","date2":"2015-03-24","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_W000797","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz's PAC funding concentrates 33% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz's PAC donors concentrate 33% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.03M · Agriculture $0.02M · Education $0.02M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":32.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.03,"Agriculture":0.02,"Education":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4FL20023/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P179_W000797","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz — 92% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (73/79)","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 92% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":79,"atBracket":73,"pct":"92.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_W000797","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz — 38 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz has traded 38 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":38,"sample":["INVX","ANGO","VLRS","BRY","SSYS","ICHR","VSAT","HURC","BAX","NGD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_W000797_SGBK","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz — 14 disclosed trades in single ticker SGBK","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz traded SGBK on 14 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SGBK trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SGBK","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_W000797","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz — DW-NOMINATE -0.41 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Debbie Wasserman Schultz's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.41) is 1.5 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.413,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.50"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M001223":[{"id":"P2_M001223_wf6p8i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF TH gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Seth Magaziner serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF THE INT'L AS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF THE INT'L AS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Magaziner","http://magaziner.house.gov/about/about","http://magaziner.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_M001223_4kmiye","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SERCO INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Seth Magaziner serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from SERCO INC. PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SERCO INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Magaziner","http://magaziner.house.gov/about/about","http://magaziner.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_M001223_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$399,144 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $399,144 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":399144.09,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P7_M001223_oaeif2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,291,264 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,291,264 opposing this member across 39 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1291264.31,"totalSupport":674809.02,"events":39,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1170584.0899999999},{"name":"OCEAN STATE FORWARD","oppose":102210.04999999999},{"name":"CONSERVATIVE ACTION COUNCIL INC","oppose":18470.17}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001223_ku6hgj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Seth Magaziner campaign paid $752,451 to 34 surname-matched vendors, top: RAMSTAD RECOVERY FUND","explanation":"Seth Magaziner's campaign paid 142 disbursements totaling $752,451 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAMSTAD RECOVERY FUND","total":263000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RAMSTAD RECOVERY FUND","amount":263000,"date":"2010-03-31","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JIM RAMSTAD VOLUNTEER COMMITTEE","total":246083,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"JIM RAMSTAD VOLUNTEER COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"2005-10-21","description":"YTD CONTRIBUTION = $5,000","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JIM RAMSTAD VOLUNTEER COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"2004-09-16","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JIM RAMSTAD VOLUNTEER COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"2006-09-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING, LLC","total":44541.48,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING, LLC","amount":9500,"date":"2019-05-20","description":"CONSULTANTS - FINANCE","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING, LLC","amount":7193.18,"date":"2019-06-27","description":"CONSULTANTS - FINANCE","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING, LLC","amount":7000,"date":"2019-09-25","description":"CONSULTANTS - FINANCE","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALMEIDA, BRUNO","total":31365.279999999995,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"ALMEIDA, BRUNO","amount":2305.55,"date":"2023-12-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"almeida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ALMEIDA, BRUNO","amount":1777.17,"date":"2024-01-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"almeida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ALMEIDA, BRUNO","amount":1777.16,"date":"2024-01-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"almeida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING","total":24500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING","amount":10500,"date":"2020-06-09","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING","amount":7000,"date":"2020-03-13","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING","amount":7000,"date":"2020-03-12","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING LLC","total":24000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING LLC","amount":4000,"date":"2024-10-08","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT (NON-EVENT)","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING LLC","amount":4000,"date":"2024-09-18","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT (NON-EVENT)","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RAMSTAD CONSULTING LLC","amount":4000,"date":"2024-08-11","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT (NON-EVENT)","surnameMatched":"ramstad","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RAMSTAD%20RECOVERY%20FUND"]},{"id":"P51_M001223_BUYING_TIME_LLC","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid BUYING TIME, LLC $27.1M — vendor also donated $61,242.74","explanation":"Seth Magaziner's campaign committee paid $27,136,031 to BUYING TIME, LLC across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $61,242.74 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 443.1× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"BUYING TIME, LLC","total":27136031,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=BUYING%20TIME%2C%20LLC"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUYING TIME, LLC","total":61242.740000000005,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUYING%20TIME%2C%20LLC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=BUYING%20TIME%2C%20LLC","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUYING%20TIME%2C%20LLC"]},{"id":"P61_M001223","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $66,500","explanation":"Seth Magaziner received campaign contributions totaling $66,500 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA ($10,000); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($9,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($7,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":66500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 57 FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORER'S INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA PAC","ldaClient":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE!","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_M001223","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Seth Magaziner's PAC funding concentrates 61% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Seth Magaziner's PAC donors concentrate 61% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.03M · Agriculture $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Finance $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":60.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.03,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2RI02184/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"G000558":[{"id":"P2_G000558_b7c7us","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SOLEO HEALTH HOLDINGS, INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from SOLEO HEALTH HOLDINGS, INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOLEO HEALTH HOLDINGS, INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_ol1ox4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GILEAD SCIENCES HEALTHCARE POLICY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from GILEAD SCIENCES HEALTHCARE POLICY PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GILEAD SCIENCES HEALTHCARE POLICY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_baopni","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SANOFI US SERVICES, INC. EMPLOYEES' PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from SANOFI US SERVICES, INC. EMPLOYEES' PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SANOFI US SERVICES, INC. EMPLOYEES' PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_yv0gnc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Energy (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_wijj54","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AFLAC INCORPORATED PAC A MULTI CANDIDATE gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from AFLAC INCORPORATED PAC A MULTI CANDIDATE COMMITTTE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AFLAC INCORPORATED PAC A MULTI CANDIDATE COMMITTTE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_f12tjw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATI gave $10,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION PAC - NCPA, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION PAC - NCPA","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_wdei8m","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SOUTHERN NUCLEAR OPERATING COMPANY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Energy (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from SOUTHERN NUCLEAR OPERATING COMPANY PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOUTHERN NUCLEAR OPERATING COMPANY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_2sg6om","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMGEN PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AMGEN PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMGEN PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_3sjl53","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_tmk6uo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTAPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from NCTAPAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NCTAPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_emhcm7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"APMA PAC-AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSO gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from APMA PAC-AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"APMA PAC-AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_dp2yis","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ELI LILLY AND COMPANY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from ELI LILLY AND COMPANY PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ELI LILLY AND COMPANY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_ba186z","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ANDPAC)-ACAD gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ANDPAC)-ACADEMY OF NUTRICIAN & DIETETICS, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ANDPAC)-ACADEMY OF NUTRICIAN & DIETETICS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_3vt2u4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PTC THERAPEUTICS, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from PTC THERAPEUTICS, INC. PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PTC THERAPEUTICS, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_2n639e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_meajj5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MEDTRONIC INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from MEDTRONIC INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MEDTRONIC INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_xajxl3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MERCK EMPLOYEES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from MERCK EMPLOYEES PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MERCK EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_olzwj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CENCORA, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from CENCORA, INC. PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CENCORA, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_1bt3db","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION PT gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION PTPAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION PTPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_m9xv50","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ALKERMES, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from ALKERMES, INC. PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ALKERMES, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_9nrvve","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HALL RENDER KILLIAN HEATH LYMAN EMPLOYEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from HALL RENDER KILLIAN HEATH LYMAN EMPLOYEE PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HALL RENDER KILLIAN HEATH LYMAN EMPLOYEE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_8bx59g","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY EMPLOYEE AD gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Pharma (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY EMPLOYEE ADVOCACY FUND FOR INNOVATION, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY EMPLOYEE ADVOCACY FUND FOR INNOVATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_rzagg3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_rm5cd5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_8b2xf6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION BROADCASTERS PAC -  gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION BROADCASTERS PAC - NABPAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION BROADCASTERS PAC - NABPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_jgh40s","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CIGNA GROUP EMPLOYEE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from THE CIGNA GROUP EMPLOYEE PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CIGNA GROUP EMPLOYEE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_agpvcd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERES ASSOCIATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERES ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERES ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_th6am6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_nip3si","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CVS HEALTH PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from CVS HEALTH PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CVS HEALTH PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P2_G000558_1ojzh2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AZPAC-ZENECA, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Brett Guthrie serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AZPAC-ZENECA, INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AZPAC-ZENECA, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Education and Labor","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://guthrie.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=385489","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Guthrie","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00445023/"]},{"id":"P10_G000558_vixc2s","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,216,857 / spent $1,851,034","explanation":"This member sponsors 11 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00483487","cmteName":"BRINGING REPUBLICAN EXCELLENCE TO TOWN PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":41120.9,"totalDisbursements":40401.5,"cashOnHand":1219.4},{"cmteId":"C00483487","cmteName":"BRINGING REPUBLICAN EXCELLENCE TO TOWN PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":174965.1,"totalDisbursements":151808.1,"cashOnHand":24376.44},{"cmteId":"C00483487","cmteName":"BRINGING REPUBLICAN EXCELLENCE TO TOWN PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":140583.4,"totalDisbursements":145121.7,"cashOnHand":19838.14},{"cmteId":"C00483487","cmteName":"BRINGING REPUBLICAN EXCELLENCE TO TOWN PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":131676.9,"totalDisbursements":107781.5,"cashOnHand":43733.54},{"cmteId":"C00483487","cmteName":"BRINGING REPUBLICAN EXCELLENCE TO TOWN PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":118132.6,"totalDisbursements":156674.9,"cashOnHand":5191.33}],"totalRaised":2216856.9,"totalSpent":1851034.0999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000558_kwx70h","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $324,237 in itemized individual contributions, $273,765 (84%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":324237,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":3708,"$500-$999":12100,"$1000-$1999":34664,"$2000 and over":273765},"megaShare":84.4,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000558_xrghzf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,582 donation spike on 2024-04-23 — 14.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-23 this committee recorded $65,582 across 22 contributions — 14.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,555.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00483487","date":"2024-04-23","amount":65582,"count":22,"baseline":4555,"ratio":14.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00483487/"]},{"id":"P19_G000558_yrvd08","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brett Guthrie campaign paid $4,322,499 to 47 surname-matched vendors, top: GUTHRIE, BRUCE","explanation":"Brett Guthrie's campaign paid 162 disbursements totaling $4,322,499 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GUTHRIE, BRUCE","total":1184834,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GUTHRIE, BRUCE","amount":1174700,"date":"2006-11-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"guthrie","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"GUTHRIE, BRUCE","amount":10134,"date":"2006-11-08","description":"INKIND: WAIVED INTEREST ON LOAN","surnameMatched":"guthrie","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRICE MODERN","total":607142.1599999999,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"PRICE MODERN","amount":252669.03,"date":"2016-12-13","description":"HQ ACCT - EQUIPMENT PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PRICE MODERN","amount":123705.67,"date":"2016-09-27","description":"HQ ACCT - EQUIPMENT PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PRICE MODERN","amount":64022,"date":"2017-02-27","description":"HQ ACCT - BUILDING MAINTENANCE","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRICE MD, TOM","total":484868.69,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PRICE MD, TOM","amount":250000,"date":"2006-11-20","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PRICE MD, TOM","amount":189068.69,"date":"2005-09-02","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PRICE MD, TOM","amount":45800,"date":"2005-09-02","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE PRICE AGENCY","total":409982,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"THE PRICE AGENCY","amount":67855,"date":"2021-02-23","description":"ADVERTISING-TV","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THE PRICE AGENCY","amount":65160,"date":"2014-11-19","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING & MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"THE PRICE AGENCY","amount":53859,"date":"2021-03-17","description":"TV AND RADIO","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS LLP","total":370954,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS LLP","amount":64000,"date":"2011-06-07","description":"FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS LLP","amount":60000,"date":"2007-04-19","description":"FINANCIAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"PRICE WATERHOUSE COOPERS LLP","amount":50954,"date":"2009-08-25","description":"LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRICE, MD, TOM","total":252061.6,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"PRICE, MD, TOM","amount":199130.29,"date":"2008-12-18","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"PRICE, MD, TOM","amount":52931.31,"date":"2008-12-18","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND","surnameMatched":"price","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GUTHRIE"]},{"id":"P25_G000558_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of PAC dollars ($662,003) come from Party industry","explanation":"Brett Guthrie receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":662003,"share":71.8,"totalPAC":922003,"pacCount":47},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":662003,"share":71.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":75000,"share":8.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Pharma","amount":70000,"share":7.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":70000,"share":7.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P34_G000558_5kyfbe","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $15,000","explanation":"Brett Guthrie's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY EMPLOYEE ADVOCACY FUND FOR INNOVATION","total":5000,"matchedClient":"BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA PAC","total":5000,"matchedClient":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA INC","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","total":5000,"matchedClient":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","matchType":"exact"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000558","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 36 total findings","explanation":"Brett Guthrie has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":36,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_G000558_National_Community_Pharmacists_118954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Community Pharmacists Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Brett Guthrie sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Lowering Health Care Costs for All\r\nAmericans: An Examination of the Prescription Drug Supply Chain\". The witness B. Douglas Hoey (National Community Pharmacists Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118954","title":"Lowering Health Care Costs for All\r\nAmericans: An Examination of the Prescription Drug Supply Chain","date":"2026-02-11T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"B. Douglas Hoey","witnessOrg":"National Community Pharmacists Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION PAC - NCPA","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COMMUNITY%20PHARMACISTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20-%20NCPA"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COMMUNITY%20PHARMACISTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20-%20NCPA"]},{"id":"P47_G000558_Edwards_Lifesciences_118632","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edwards Lifesciences testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brett Guthrie sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2025-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Examining Policies to Enhance Seniors’ Access to Breakthrough Medical Technologies\". The witness Dr. Todd Brinton (Edwards Lifesciences) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118632","title":"Examining Policies to Enhance Seniors’ Access to Breakthrough Medical Technologies","date":"2025-09-18T13:45:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Todd Brinton","witnessOrg":"Edwards Lifesciences","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118632"},{"source":"donor","name":"EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=EDWARDS%20LIFESCIENCES%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118632","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=EDWARDS%20LIFESCIENCES%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_G000558_Edwards_Lifesciences_116264","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edwards Lifesciences testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brett Guthrie sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-07-18 held a hearing titled \"Innovation Saves Lives: Evaluating Medicare Coverage Pathways for Innovative Drugs, Medical Devices, and Technology\". The witness Dr. Todd Brinton, M.D. (Edwards Lifesciences) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116264","title":"Innovation Saves Lives: Evaluating Medicare Coverage Pathways for Innovative Drugs, Medical Devices, and Technology","date":"2023-07-18T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Todd Brinton, M.D.","witnessOrg":"Edwards Lifesciences","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116264"},{"source":"donor","name":"EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=EDWARDS%20LIFESCIENCES%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116264","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=EDWARDS%20LIFESCIENCES%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_G000558_Siemens_Healthineers_116628","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Siemens Healthineers testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brett Guthrie sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-11-29 held a hearing titled \"Understanding How AI is Changing Health Care\". The witness Mr. Peter Shen (Siemens Healthineers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116628","title":"Understanding How AI is Changing Health Care","date":"2023-11-29T15:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Shen","witnessOrg":"Siemens Healthineers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116628"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTHINEERS PAC, SIEMENS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTHINEERS%20PAC%2C%20SIEMENS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116628","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTHINEERS%20PAC%2C%20SIEMENS"]},{"id":"P61_G000558","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $110,000","explanation":"Brett Guthrie received campaign contributions totaling $110,000 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 19 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SOLEO HEALTH ($10,000); NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION (NCPA) ($10,000); CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. ($5,000); AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ($5,000); EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES LLC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":110000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"SOLEO HEALTH HOLDINGS, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"SOLEO HEALTH","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION PAC - NCPA","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION (NCPA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC","ldaClient":"CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"APMA PAC-AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES PAC","ldaClient":"EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_G000558","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 42 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Brett Guthrie appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 42 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (30); hearing witness donor (4); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1); daily donation spike (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":42,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":30},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000558","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000558","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brett Guthrie's campaign paid $296,627 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: GUTHRIE, SCOTT ($206,003)","explanation":"Brett Guthrie's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 37 payments totaling $296,627 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GUTHRIE, SCOTT ($206,003 across 23 payments, services: JFC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING · FUNDRAISING SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":296627,"paymentCount":37,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GUTHRIE, SCOTT","total":206003,"count":23,"descriptions":["JFC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"GUTHRIE, MARIE","total":58490,"count":10,"descriptions":["MARKETING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"SCOTT GUTHRIE","total":12000,"count":2,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GUTHRIE, BRUCE","total":10134,"count":1,"descriptions":["INKIND: WAIVED INTEREST ON LOAN"]},{"payee":"GUTHRIE, RYAN MR.","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING SERVICES"]}],"surname":"guthrie"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8KY02031&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_G000558","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brett Guthrie ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $29.9M across 20 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Brett Guthrie's FEC-bulk record shows $29.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 20 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $42.3M (PAC: $29.9M, individual: $12.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":29.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":42.29,"lifetimeIndividualM":12.02,"cycleCount":20,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8KY02031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8KY02031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_G000558","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brett Guthrie draws 71% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($29.9M PAC / $42.3M total)","explanation":"Brett Guthrie's FEC-bulk record shows 71% of lifetime campaign receipts ($29.9M of $42.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":29.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":42.29,"pacSharePct":70.8,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8KY02031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8KY02031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P152_G000558","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brett Guthrie operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($2.2M combined receipts)","explanation":"Brett Guthrie operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $2.2M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: BRINGING REPUBLICAN EXCELLENCE TO TOWN PAC (C00483487) · NICE PAC (C00879288).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.22,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00483487","cmteName":"BRINGING REPUBLICAN EXCELLENCE TO TOWN PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00879288","cmteName":"NICE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00483487/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00879288/"]}],"B000740":[{"id":"P2_B000740_o8wq2e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_kj9ufv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_neqhie","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC - ENGPAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC - ENGPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_tgc0dx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_r967ne","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC - UPSPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Transportation (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC - UPSPAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC - UPSPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_y58jwn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS O gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. PAC - INSURPAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. PAC - INSURPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_r2v5he","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGA gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_f3h174","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPO gave $4,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from EMPLOYEES OF RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_pay65p","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"UNITED AIRLINES, INC. PAC (UAPAC) gave $4,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Transportation (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from UNITED AIRLINES, INC. PAC (UAPAC), a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED AIRLINES, INC. PAC (UAPAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P2_B000740_ylsp86","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"BAE SYSTEMS INC. PAC (BAE SYSTEMS USA PA gave $4,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Stephanie Bice serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from BAE SYSTEMS INC. PAC (BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BAE SYSTEMS INC. PAC (BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Science Space and Technology","Budget","House Administration","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/bice-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","http://bice.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-bice-announces-her-committee-assignments-119th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Bice"]},{"id":"P6_B000740_txl50p","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$358,169 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CITIZENS FOR FREE ENTERPRISE","explanation":"CITIZENS FOR FREE ENTERPRISE spent $358,169 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00749671","name":"CITIZENS FOR FREE ENTERPRISE","support":358168.93,"oppose":73862.59,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00749671/"]},{"id":"P6_B000740_ubwdau","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$272,985 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WFW ACTION FUND INC","explanation":"WFW ACTION FUND INC spent $272,985 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00698936","name":"WFW ACTION FUND INC","support":272985.06,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00698936/"]},{"id":"P7_B000740_f4q8sc","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $9,231,702 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $9,231,702 opposing this member across 175 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":9231701.730000002,"totalSupport":902650.8099999997,"events":175,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DCCC","oppose":4430739.05},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2851297.4299999997},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":982266.0000000001},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":835112.3899999999},{"name":"CITIZENS FOR FREE ENTERPRISE","oppose":73862.59}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B000740_fhwyg4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,568 donation spike on 2019-06-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-30 this committee recorded $51,568 across 41 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,910.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00703843","date":"2019-06-30","amount":51568,"count":41,"baseline":5910,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00703843/"]},{"id":"P18_B000740_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Stephanie Bice executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2021-08-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Ukraine-Related Web General License 14 and Subsequent Iterations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2021-07-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B000740_ot7kqm","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stephanie Bice campaign paid $1,235,039 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Stephanie Bice's campaign paid 89 disbursements totaling $1,235,039 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","total":638179.14,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":19920.56,"date":"2016-07-05","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":19575.12,"date":"2014-01-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":17415,"date":"2010-11-30","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PISANELLI BICE PLLC","total":400137.66,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"PISANELLI BICE PLLC","amount":88162.55,"date":"2024-11-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PISANELLI BICE PLLC","amount":81701.85,"date":"2025-02-28","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"PISANELLI BICE PLLC","amount":77468.25,"date":"2025-02-28","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","total":63943.29,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":9250,"date":"2025-10-22","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":7658.45,"date":"2025-05-08","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":7261.18,"date":"2025-10-03","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BICE FOR OK-05","total":63287.42,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BICE FOR OK-05","amount":53020.79,"date":"2020-09-24","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"bice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BICE FOR OK-05","amount":10266.63,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"bice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","total":53686.11,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","amount":53686.11,"date":"2009-02-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BICE","total":8220.51,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BICE","amount":8220.51,"date":"2023-12-13","description":"FOOD/BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"bice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BROGHAMER%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P25_B000740_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"52% of PAC dollars ($319,043) come from Party industry","explanation":"Stephanie Bice receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":319043.0399999999,"share":52.1,"totalPAC":612543.0399999999,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":319043.0399999999,"share":52.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":39000,"share":6.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":36500,"share":6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":35000,"share":5.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_B000740_txl50p","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CITIZENS FOR FREE ENTERPRISE both supported ($358,169) and opposed ($73,863) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Stephanie Bice advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00749671","name":"CITIZENS FOR FREE ENTERPRISE","support":358168.93,"oppose":73862.59,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00749671/"]},{"id":"P36_B000740","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Stephanie Bice has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_B000740_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Stephanie Bice sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_B000740_Virginia_Institute_for_Public__115487","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Institute for Public Policy testified before House Administration Subcommittee on Elections — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Stephanie Bice sits on House Administration Subcommittee on Elections, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"“2022 Midterms Look Back Series: Election Observer Access”\". The witness Ms. Lynn Taylor (Virginia Institute for Public Policy) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Administration Subcommittee on Elections","eventId":"115487","title":"“2022 Midterms Look Back Series: Election Observer Access”","date":"2023-03-23T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Lynn Taylor","witnessOrg":"Virginia Institute for Public Policy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115487"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20INSTITUTE%20OF%20CERTIFIED%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTANTS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115487","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20INSTITUTE%20OF%20CERTIFIED%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTANTS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_B000740","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $154,000","explanation":"Stephanie Bice received campaign contributions totaling $154,000 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":154000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC - NMHC PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC)","ldaClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_B000740","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 24 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Stephanie Bice appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 24 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (12); ie support concentration (2); hearing witness donor (2); ie attack target (1); daily donation spike (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":24,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":12},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B000740","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_B000740","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stephanie Bice's campaign paid $408,358 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: PISANELLI BICE PLLC ($400,138)","explanation":"Stephanie Bice's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 10 payments totaling $408,358 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: PISANELLI BICE PLLC ($400,138 across 9 payments, services: LEGAL SERVICES · LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":408358.17,"paymentCount":10,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"PISANELLI BICE PLLC","total":400137.66,"count":9,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES","LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES"]},{"payee":"BICE","total":8220.51,"count":1,"descriptions":["FOOD/BEVERAGE"]}],"surname":"bice"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0OK05205&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_B000740","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephanie Bice named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.5M total receipts) — top: BICE VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Stephanie Bice appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BICE VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00756866, $1.5M receipts, treasurer BROGHAMER, KEVIN). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.55,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00756866","name":"BICE VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1546051.5899999999,"treasurer":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756866/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756866/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00756866/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"C000537":[{"id":"P2_C000537_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P2_C000537_cuqzt2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL  gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P2_C000537_ins7s7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMP gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P2_C000537_yu8x1k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION  gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P2_C000537_nyuopa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPL gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HIIPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HIIPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P2_C000537_7xabka","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. (PNC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. (PNC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P2_C000537_d4tzes","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P2_C000537_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P2_C000537_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/james-e-clyburn/other-data?cycle=2000","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C000537","https://nul.org/basic-page/congressman-james-clyburn"]},{"id":"P10_C000537_h2mc8n","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $11,119,389 / spent $10,954,992","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00399196","cmteName":"BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":1586427.2,"totalDisbursements":1571509,"cashOnHand":156043.97},{"cmteId":"C00399196","cmteName":"BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":1306815.6,"totalDisbursements":1306174.4,"cashOnHand":156685.14},{"cmteId":"C00399196","cmteName":"BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":1323963.6,"totalDisbursements":1203316,"cashOnHand":277332.68},{"cmteId":"C00399196","cmteName":"BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1253461.4,"totalDisbursements":1182484.4,"cashOnHand":348309.68},{"cmteId":"C00399196","cmteName":"BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":1301039.2,"totalDisbursements":1570278.7,"cashOnHand":79070.12}],"totalRaised":11119388.500000002,"totalSpent":10954992.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C000537_kd2oo4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"85% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $477,244 in itemized individual contributions, $404,700 (85%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":477244,"buckets":{"$200 and under":600,"$200.01-$499":3167,"$500-$999":13081,"$1000-$1999":55696,"$2000 and over":404700},"megaShare":84.8,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C000537_9krfjt","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” Clyburn campaign paid $174,795 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP FUND","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn's campaign paid 18 disbursements totaling $174,795 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP FUND","total":120000,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP FUND","amount":10000,"date":"2015-10-08","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP FUND","amount":10000,"date":"2009-08-06","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP FUND","amount":10000,"date":"2013-08-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES E. CLYBURN RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATI","total":18500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES E. CLYBURN RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATI","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-22","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"JAMES E. CLYBURN RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATI","amount":8500,"date":"2016-12-16","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLYBURN, JIM","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CLYBURN, JIM","amount":10000,"date":"2024-11-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLYBURN, JAMES E","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CLYBURN, JAMES E","amount":10000,"date":"2025-08-28","description":"PRIMARY/GENERAL 2026","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES E. CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES E. CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION","amount":10000,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE JAMES E. CLYBURN RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION","total":6294.95,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE JAMES E. CLYBURN RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION","amount":6294.95,"date":"2014-10-14","description":"BOOKS","surnameMatched":"clyburn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CLYBURN%20SCHOLARSHIP%20FUND"]},{"id":"P47_C000537_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_119152","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2026-04-16 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"119152","title":"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA","date":"2026-04-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_C000537_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_118241","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2025-05-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"118241","title":"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard","date":"2025-05-14T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_C000537_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. (PNC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FEDERAL%20BIPARTISAN%20VOLUNTARY%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20PNC%20FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20GROUP%2C%20INC.%20(PNC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FEDERAL%20BIPARTISAN%20VOLUNTARY%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20PNC%20FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20GROUP%2C%20INC.%20(PNC"]},{"id":"P47_C000537_Regional_Talent_Development_To_117882","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Regional Talent Development, Toyota Motor North America testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Career Ready Students: Innovations from Community Colleges and the Private Sector\". The witness Mr. Dennis Parker (Regional Talent Development, Toyota Motor North America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117882","title":"Career Ready Students: Innovations from Community Colleges and the Private Sector","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Dennis Parker","witnessOrg":"Regional Talent Development, Toyota Motor North America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117882"},{"source":"donor","name":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (TOYOTA/LEXUS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TOYOTA%20MOTOR%20NORTH%20AMERICA%2C%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(TOYOTA%2FLEXUS%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117882","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TOYOTA%20MOTOR%20NORTH%20AMERICA%2C%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(TOYOTA%2FLEXUS%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_C000537_Tuba_City_Regional_Health_Care_115413","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tuba City Regional Health Care Corporation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Joette Walters (Tuba City Regional Health Care Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115413","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Joette Walters","witnessOrg":"Tuba City Regional Health Care Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115413"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HEALTH%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115413","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HEALTH%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_C000537","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"61 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $355,000","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn received campaign contributions totaling $355,000 from 61 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 61 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION ($10,000); NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":61,"totalDollars":355000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTAPAC)","ldaClient":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_C000537","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James “Jim” Clyburn named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative James E. Clyburn","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-25/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative James E. Clyburn","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-james/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-25/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-james/"]},{"id":"P90_C000537","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” Clyburn's campaign paid $170,026 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP FUND ($120,000)","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 18 payments totaling $170,026 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP FUND ($120,000 across 12 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":170025.99000000002,"paymentCount":18,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP FUND","total":120000,"count":12,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"JAMES E. CLYBURN RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATI","total":18500,"count":2,"descriptions":["DONATION"]},{"payee":"CLYBURN, JAMES E","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRIMARY/GENERAL 2026"]},{"payee":"JAMES E. CLYBURN SCHOLARSHIP AND RESEARCH FOUNDATION","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DONATION"]},{"payee":"THE JAMES E. CLYBURN RESEARCH AND SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION","total":6294.95,"count":1,"descriptions":["BOOKS"]}],"surname":"clyburn"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2SC02042&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_C000537","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” Clyburn ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $40.3M across 36 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn's FEC-bulk record shows $40.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 36 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $59.0M (PAC: $40.3M, individual: $17.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":40.32,"lifetimeReceiptsM":59.04,"lifetimeIndividualM":17.51,"cycleCount":36,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2SC02042"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2SC02042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C000537","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” Clyburn draws 68% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($40.3M PAC / $59.0M total)","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn's FEC-bulk record shows 68% of lifetime campaign receipts ($40.3M of $59.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":40.32,"lifetimeReceiptsM":59.04,"pacSharePct":68.3,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H2SC02042"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2SC02042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P151_C000537","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"James “Jim” Clyburn operates leadership PAC with $11.1M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC (BRIDGE PAC)","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $11.1M and disbursements of $11.0M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC (BRIDGE PAC) (C00399196). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":11.12,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":10.95,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00399196","cmteName":"BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC (BRIDGE PAC)"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00399196/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_C000537","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James “Jim” Clyburn's leadership PAC disbursed $11.0M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn's leadership PAC disbursed $11.0M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC (BRIDGE PAC) (C00399196).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":10.95,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00399196","cmteName":"BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS IN DIVERSE GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS PAC (BRIDGE PAC)"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00399196/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P195_C000537","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James “Jim” Clyburn — DW-NOMINATE -0.47 vs SC delegation mean 0.38 (2.3σ outlier)","explanation":"James “Jim” Clyburn's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.47) is 2.3 standard deviations from the SC delegation mean (0.38). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"SC","memberScore":-0.467,"delegationMean":0.37596153846153846,"zscore":"2.26"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001285":[{"id":"P2_B001285_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $87,600 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $87,600 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":87600,"count":25,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_o0uaz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Defense (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_ujobsa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRI gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Transportation (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_uv2w0u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS FED gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS FEDERAL COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS FEDERAL COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_x1htu1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS PAL, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS PAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_9yrpm7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION P gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_69xhqx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNI gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_kvcp9u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Defense (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC (ENG PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC (ENG PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_870ck0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PA gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P2_B001285_26lts3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS PO gave $3,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Julia Brownley serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Healthcare) and received $3,500 from AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://juliabrownley.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Brownley","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001285"]},{"id":"P6_B001285_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$602,768 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $602,768 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":602767.85,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_B001285_ubvr4q","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$327,009 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VETERANS AID PAC INC","explanation":"VETERANS AID PAC INC spent $327,009 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 625 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00699801","name":"VETERANS AID PAC INC","support":327009.10000000003,"oppose":0,"events":625}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699801/"]},{"id":"P6_B001285_tzcy74","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$280,690 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN VETERANS INITIATIVE DBA NATIONA","explanation":"AMERICAN VETERANS INITIATIVE DBA NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR AMERICAN VETERANS spent $280,690 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 488 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00712885","name":"AMERICAN VETERANS INITIATIVE DBA NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR AMERICAN VETERANS","support":280689.64,"oppose":0,"events":488}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00712885/"]},{"id":"P7_B001285_5l56ui","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,374,751 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,374,751 opposing this member across 1902 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1374750.79,"totalSupport":1938248.6100000024,"events":1902,"topAttackers":[{"name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","oppose":809422.7600000001},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":467196.03},{"name":"Jobs Opportunity and Freedom Political Action Committee - JOFPAC","oppose":98132}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001285_auzsqf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,439 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $60,439 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":60438.7,"oppose":0,"net":60438.7,"events":70,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":26923.2,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":11236,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":5193.71,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":4013.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":3327.39,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001285_3ssixf","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,133,518 / spent $782,958","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00567495","cmteName":"JOBS UNITE LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":21500,"totalDisbursements":21239.8,"cashOnHand":260.24},{"cmteId":"C00567495","cmteName":"JOBS UNITE LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":52000,"totalDisbursements":25138.2,"cashOnHand":27122.07},{"cmteId":"C00567495","cmteName":"JOBS UNITE LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":88500,"totalDisbursements":30051.1,"cashOnHand":85571.01},{"cmteId":"C00567495","cmteName":"JOBS UNITE LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":43000,"totalDisbursements":14012,"cashOnHand":114559.01},{"cmteId":"C00567495","cmteName":"JOBS UNITE LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN AMERICA PAC (JULIA PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":51900,"totalDisbursements":7765.9,"cashOnHand":158693.11}],"totalRaised":1133517.7,"totalSpent":782957.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001285_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22413 employees of N/A gave $2,709,528 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 22413× N/A = $2,709,528. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":22413,"total":2709528,"years":["2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001285_v0giu5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,065 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $57,065 across 79 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,476.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00513077","date":"2018-03-31","amount":57065,"count":79,"baseline":5476,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00513077/"]},{"id":"P15_B001285_iovosl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,300 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $50,300 across 56 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,656.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00513077","date":"2014-06-30","amount":50300,"count":56,"baseline":5656,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00513077/"]},{"id":"P19_B001285_k9uud4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julia Brownley campaign paid $410,729 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: MIRANDA, LUIS A","explanation":"Julia Brownley's campaign paid 64 disbursements totaling $410,729 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIRANDA, LUIS A","total":134866.39999999997,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"MIRANDA, LUIS A","amount":37633.21,"date":"2016-08-15","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MIRANDA, LUIS A","amount":5532.97,"date":"2009-02-13","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MIRANDA, LUIS A","amount":5094.03,"date":"2015-10-15","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRIENDS TO ELECT JESSICA MIRANDA","total":34500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"FRIENDS TO ELECT JESSICA MIRANDA","amount":5000,"date":"2022-09-27","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"FRIENDS TO ELECT JESSICA MIRANDA","amount":5000,"date":"2020-09-28","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"FRIENDS TO ELECT JESSICA MIRANDA","amount":5000,"date":"2020-08-12","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIRANDA, ANTORI","total":32111.229999999996,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MIRANDA, ANTORI","amount":9182.07,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MIRANDA, ANTORI","amount":4903.21,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MIRANDA, ANTORI","amount":4903.21,"date":"2011-11-21","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIRANDA ADVOCACY LLC","total":30591.46,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MIRANDA ADVOCACY LLC","amount":10770.86,"date":"2024-08-16","description":"PRINTING: DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MIRANDA ADVOCACY LLC","amount":10556,"date":"2024-08-16","description":"PRINTING: DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MIRANDA ADVOCACY LLC","amount":9264.6,"date":"2024-08-16","description":"PRINTING: DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIRANDA ADVOCACY, LLC","total":20150.04,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MIRANDA ADVOCACY, LLC","amount":20150.04,"date":"2022-08-11","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIRANDA CONTRACTING, LLC","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MIRANDA CONTRACTING, LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2020-08-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"miranda","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MIRANDA"]},{"id":"P36_B001285","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Julia Brownley has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_B001285","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$60K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 45% from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","explanation":"Julia Brownley received $60,438.7 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO ($26,923.2 = 45%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":60438.7,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":41984.049999999996,"2014":15056.37,"2016":1015.52,"2018":2382.76,"2022":814.2},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":26923.2,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":11236,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":5193.71,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004262/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":4013.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":3327.39,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_B001285","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $95,000","explanation":"Julia Brownley received campaign contributions totaling $95,000 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($5,000); ACADEMY OF RAIL LABOR ATTORNEYS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":95000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION (SEIU COPE)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA PAC)","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ACADEMY OF RAIL LABOR ATTORNEYS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARLA PAC)","ldaClient":"ACADEMY OF RAIL LABOR ATTORNEYS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001285","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $57,065 on 2018-03-31 (10.4× normal)","explanation":"Julia Brownley's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $57,065 on 2018-03-31 — 10.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":57065,"maxRatio":10.4,"maxAmount":57065},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-03-31","amount":57065,"ratio":10.4,"baselineDaily":5476,"count":79,"cmteId":"C00513077","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00513077&min_date=2018-03-31&max_date=2018-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00513077/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00513077&min_date=2018-03-31&max_date=2018-03-31"]},{"id":"P78_B001285","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 24 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Julia Brownley appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 24 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (10); ie support concentration (3); daily donation spike (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":24,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001285","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_B001285","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Brownley draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.8M PAC / $36.8M total)","explanation":"Julia Brownley's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.8M of $36.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.75,"pacSharePct":34.7,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2CA00120"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA00120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_B001285","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Julia Brownley's PAC funding concentrates 47% in Technology ($0.09M / $0.19M classified)","explanation":"Julia Brownley's PAC donors concentrate 47% in the Technology industry — $0.09M of $0.19M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.09M · Finance $0.02M · Healthcare $0.02M · Agriculture $0.01M · Labor $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.19,"concentrationPct":46.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.09,"Finance":0.02,"Healthcare":0.02,"Agriculture":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA00120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_B001285","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Brownley operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.1M combined receipts)","explanation":"Julia Brownley operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.1M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: JOBS UNITE LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN AMERICA PAC (JULIA PAC) (C00567495) · PROTECT DEMOCRACY INITIATIVE (C00868307).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":1.13,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00567495","cmteName":"JOBS UNITE LABOR AND INDUSTRY IN AMERICA PAC (JULIA PAC)"},{"cmteId":"C00868307","cmteName":"PROTECT DEMOCRACY INITIATIVE"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00567495/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00868307/"]}],"S001218":[{"id":"P2_S001218_3z72dh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO RES gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO RESPONSIBLE CITIZENS GROUP - FEDERAL, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO RESPONSIBLE CITIZENS GROUP - FEDERAL","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Oversight and Reform","Natural Resources","Oversight and Accountability","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Stansbury","https://legisletter.org/legislator/melanie-stansbury-S001218/committees","http://stansbury.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001218_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Oversight and Reform","Natural Resources","Oversight and Accountability","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Stansbury","https://legisletter.org/legislator/melanie-stansbury-S001218/committees","http://stansbury.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001218_c33dkq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PATTERN ENERGY GROUP INC. PAC (PATTERN P gave $3,500 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,500 from PATTERN ENERGY GROUP INC. PAC (PATTERN PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PATTERN ENERGY GROUP INC. PAC (PATTERN PAC)","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Oversight and Reform","Natural Resources","Oversight and Accountability","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Stansbury","https://legisletter.org/legislator/melanie-stansbury-S001218/committees","http://stansbury.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_S001218_hebpxv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"MESCALERO APACHE TRIBE gave $3,300 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,300 from MESCALERO APACHE TRIBE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MESCALERO APACHE TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Oversight and Reform","Natural Resources","Oversight and Accountability","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Stansbury","https://legisletter.org/legislator/melanie-stansbury-S001218/committees","http://stansbury.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P19_S001218_brc34h","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Melanie Stansbury campaign paid $137,355 to 44 surname-matched vendors, top: NISSEN, BRIAN","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury's campaign paid 102 disbursements totaling $137,355 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BRIAN","total":35440.66,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2016-07-27","description":"ENTERTAINMENT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":4048.9,"date":"2018-02-22","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":3924.65,"date":"2018-02-14","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STANSBURY, JAMES","total":27040.6,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"STANSBURY, JAMES","amount":6783.05,"date":"2019-11-20","description":"PAY OFF LOAN FROM COUNTY CHAIR IN FULL","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"STANSBURY, JAMES","amount":3000,"date":"2014-09-15","description":"3 MONTHS EXEC DIRECTOR PAY","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"STANSBURY, JAMES","amount":3000,"date":"2014-05-24","description":"EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SALARY FOR 3 MONTHS","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"E STANSBURY, MICHAEL","total":7885.840000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"E STANSBURY, MICHAEL","amount":2824.16,"date":"2025-03-31","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS - NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"E STANSBURY, MICHAEL","amount":2248.85,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS - NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"E STANSBURY, MICHAEL","amount":2169.44,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS - NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, DAVID","total":6400,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2019-08-20","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":1000,"date":"1996-05-07","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STANSBURY, JOSEPH EDWIN   III","total":5215.389999999999,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"STANSBURY, JOSEPH EDWIN   III","amount":3215.39,"date":"2003-12-18","description":"CONSULTING SERVICES - POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"STANSBURY, JOSEPH EDWIN   III","amount":2000,"date":"2003-10-21","description":"CONSULTING SERV.-POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STANSBURY, NICK","total":4250,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"STANSBURY, NICK","amount":1500,"date":"2012-07-15","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"STANSBURY, NICK","amount":1500,"date":"2012-06-27","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"STANSBURY, NICK","amount":1250,"date":"2012-07-27","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stansbury","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NISSEN"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Miami_Tribe_of_Oklahoma_119002","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Miami Tribe of Oklahoma testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2026-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2827 (Rep. Cole), To provide for the equitable settlement of certain Indian land disputes r…\". The witness The Honorable Douglas Lankford (Miami Tribe of Oklahoma) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"119002","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2827 (Rep. Cole), To provide for the equitable settlement of certain Indian land disputes regarding land in Illinois, and for other purposes. H.R. 6162 (Rep. Stansbury), “Albuquerque Indian School Act of 2025” H.R. 7065 (Rep. Langworthy), “Seneca Nation Law Enforcement Efficiency Act”","date":"2026-03-04T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Douglas Lankford","witnessOrg":"Miami Tribe of Oklahoma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119002"},{"source":"donor","name":"OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OK","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OTOE%20MISSOURIA%20TRIBE%20OF%20OKLAHOMA"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119002","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OTOE%20MISSOURIA%20TRIBE%20OF%20OKLAHOMA"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Sault_Ste_Marie_Tribe_of_Chipp_118223","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $3,700 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-05-20 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through…\". The witness The Honorable Austin Lowes (Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,700 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118223","title":"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship Act” or the “FORESTS Act.”","date":"2025-05-20T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Austin Lowes","witnessOrg":"Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":3700,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118223","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-05-20 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118223","title":"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship Act” or the “FORESTS Act.”","date":"2025-05-20T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Cherokee_Nation_118725","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cherokee Nation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $9,900 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-12-11 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"\". The witness The Honorable Chuck Hoskin (Cherokee Nation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,900 in contributions across 3 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118725","title":"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"","date":"2025-12-11T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Chuck Hoskin","witnessOrg":"Cherokee Nation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725"},{"source":"donor","name":"CHEROKEE NATION","total":9900,"count":3,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OK","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHEROKEE%20NATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHEROKEE%20NATION"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Spokane_Tribe_of_Indians_118725","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spokane Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,700 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-12-11 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"\". The witness The Honorable Greg Abrahamson (Spokane Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,700 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118725","title":"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"","date":"2025-12-11T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Greg Abrahamson","witnessOrg":"Spokane Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":3700,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Pechanga_Band_of_Indians_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pechanga Band of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness The Honorable Marc Luker (Pechanga Band of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Marc Luker","witnessOrg":"Pechanga Band of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Tulalip_Tribes_117844","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tulalip Tribes testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed\". The witness Mr. Glen Gobin (Tulalip Tribes) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117844","title":"Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed","date":"2025-02-25T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Glen Gobin","witnessOrg":"Tulalip Tribes","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117844"},{"source":"donor","name":"TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117844","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Miccosukee_Tribe_of_Indians_of_117842","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,700 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025…\". The witness The Honorable Talbert Cypress (Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,700 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117842","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025”; H.R. 412 (Rep. Bergman), To authorize the Bay Mills Indian Community of the State of Michigan to convey land and interests in land owned by the Tribe; H.R. 504 (Rep. Gimenez), “Miccosukee Reserved Area Amendments Act”; and H.R. 741 (Rep. Stanton), “Stronger Engagement for Indian Health Needs Act of 2025”.","date":"2025-02-05T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Talbert Cypress","witnessOrg":"Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":3700,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Crow_Tribe_of_Indians_117714","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Crow Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources — also a $3,700 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, which on 2024-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Leg Hrg on the following bills: •\tH.R. 7662 (Rep. Houlahan), \"Critical Minerals Security Act of 2024\"; \r\n•\tH.R. 7807 (Re…\". The witness Mr. Frank White Clay (Crow Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,700 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources","eventId":"117714","title":"Leg Hrg on the following bills: •\tH.R. 7662 (Rep. Houlahan), \"Critical Minerals Security Act of 2024\"; \r\n•\tH.R. 7807 (Rep. Obernolte), \"Intergovernmental Critical Minerals Task Force Act\";\r\n•\tH.R. 8952 (Rep. Zinke), “Crow Revenue Act”; and\r\n•\tH.R. 10005 (Rep. Hageman), “Expedited Appeals Review Act” or the “EARA”.","date":"2024-11-19T19:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Frank White Clay","witnessOrg":"Crow Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117714"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":3700,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117714","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_San_Carlos_Apache_Tribe_117635","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"San Carlos Apache Tribe testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2024-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Legislative hearing on the following bills: \r\n• H.R. 1479 (Rep. Ciscomani), “Chiricahua National Park Act”;\r\n• H.R. 1504…\". The witness Ms. Justine Jimmie (San Carlos Apache Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"117635","title":"Legislative hearing on the following bills: \r\n• H.R. 1479 (Rep. Ciscomani), “Chiricahua National Park Act”;\r\n• H.R. 1504 (Rep. Horsford), “Apex Area Technical Corrections Act”;\r\n• H.R. 8931 (Rep. Stefanik), To redesignate Saratoga National Historical Park as Saratoga National Battlefield Park;\r\n• H.R. 8946 (Rep. Matsui), “Reversionary Interest Conveyance Act”;\r\n• H.R. 9159 (Rep. Lawler), “Appalachian Trail Centennial Act”;\r\n• H.R. 9492 (Rep. Valadao), To amend Public Law 99-338 with respect to Kaweah Project permits;\r\n• H.R. 9516 (Rep. Chavez-DeRemer), “Military Families National Parks Access Enhancement Act”; and\r\n• S. 612 (Sen. Cortez Masto), “Lake Tahoe Restoration Reauthorization Act”.","date":"2024-09-18T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Justine Jimmie","witnessOrg":"San Carlos Apache Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117635"},{"source":"donor","name":"MESCALERO APACHE TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"NM","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MESCALERO%20APACHE%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117635","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MESCALERO%20APACHE%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Poarch_Creek_Indians_117352","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Poarch Creek Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1208 (Rep. Cole), To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secre…\". The witness The Honorable Stephanie Bryan (Poarch Creek Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117352","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1208 (Rep. Cole), To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for Indian Tribes, and for other purposes; and  H.R. 6180 (Rep. Carl), “Poarch Band of Creek Indians Lands Act.”","date":"2024-06-26T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Stephanie Bryan","witnessOrg":"Poarch Creek Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117352"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117352","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Crow_Tribe_of_Indians_117032","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Crow Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,700 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2687 (Rep. Peltola), To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to exclude certain pa…\". The witness The Honorable Frank White Clay (Crow Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,700 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117032","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2687 (Rep. Peltola), To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to exclude certain payments to aged, blind, or disabled Alaska Natives or descendants of Alaska Natives from being used to determine eligibility for certain programs, and for other purposes; and H.R. 7516 (Rep. Johnson of SD), “Purchased and Referred Care Improvement Act of 2024.”","date":"2024-04-30T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Frank White Clay","witnessOrg":"Crow Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117032"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":3700,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117032","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Tulalip_Tribes_116535","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tulalip Tribes testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-11-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on “Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Public Safety in Tribal Communities.”\". The witness Mr. Chris Sutter (Tulalip Tribes) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116535","title":"Oversight Hearing on “Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Public Safety in Tribal Communities.”","date":"2023-11-14T19:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Sutter","witnessOrg":"Tulalip Tribes","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116535"},{"source":"donor","name":"TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116535","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_115374","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-03-01 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on \"Unlocking Indian Country’s Economic Potential\"\". The witness Mr. Jason Robison (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"115374","title":"Oversight Hearing on \"Unlocking Indian Country’s Economic Potential\"","date":"2023-03-01T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason Robison","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115374"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115374","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001218_Kashia_Band_of_Pomo_Indians_115287","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kashia Band of Pomo Indians testified before House Natural Resources — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury sits on House Natural Resources, which on 2023-02-08 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee oversight hearing titled “Unleashing America’s Energy and Mineral Potential”.\". The witness Mr. Reno Franklin (Kashia Band of Pomo Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources","eventId":"115287","title":"Full Committee oversight hearing titled “Unleashing America’s Energy and Mineral Potential”.","date":"2023-02-08T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Reno Franklin","witnessOrg":"Kashia Band of Pomo Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115287"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115287","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P61_S001218","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $98,800","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury received campaign contributions totaling $98,800 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 4 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); CHEROKEE NATION ($9,900).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":98800,"exactMatches":4,"top":[{"donorName":"PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO RESPONSIBLE CITIZENS GROUP - FEDERAL","ldaClient":"PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEROKEE NATION","ldaClient":"CHEROKEE NATION","donorTotal":9900,"exact":true}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S001218","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Melanie Stansbury's campaign paid $6,783 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: STANSBURY, JAMES ($6,783)","explanation":"Melanie Stansbury's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $6,783 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: STANSBURY, JAMES ($6,783 across 1 payments, services: PAY OFF LOAN FROM COUNTY CHAIR IN FULL). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6783.05,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"STANSBURY, JAMES","total":6783.05,"count":1,"descriptions":["PAY OFF LOAN FROM COUNTY CHAIR IN FULL"]}],"surname":"stansbury"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NM01144&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"P000048":[{"id":"P2_P000048_i7ou51","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_ee9jbw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLO gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_g6n6r6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_dtnz2j","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from VALERO POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_6g2mcz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HALLIBURTON COMPANY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from HALLIBURTON COMPANY PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HALLIBURTON COMPANY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_jznfbx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DIAMONDBACK ENERGY, INC. POLITICAL ACTIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DIAMONDBACK ENERGY, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (DIAMONDBACK ENERGY PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DIAMONDBACK ENERGY, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (DIAMONDBACK ENERGY PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_wgjoi4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION PAC (GD EMP gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION PAC (GD EMPLOYEE PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION PAC (GD EMPLOYEE PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_85smy7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_w3t220","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_lbcdxb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DIAMONDBACK ENERGY, INC. PAC (DIAMONDBAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DIAMONDBACK ENERGY, INC. PAC (DIAMONDBACK ENERGY PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DIAMONDBACK ENERGY, INC. PAC (DIAMONDBACK ENERGY PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_99tzni","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EQT CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EQT CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EQT CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_ea5lw6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P2_P000048_uth09e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"APACHE CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMM gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"August Pfluger serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from APACHE CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE (APACHEPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"APACHE CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE (APACHEPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000048","https://nationalcleanenergyweek.org/speaker/rep-august-pfluger/","https://pfluger.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=750"]},{"id":"P4_P000048_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 125d late on avg — overall avg only 105d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 125.0 days — versus 104.5 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":3,"avgGap":125},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":4,"avgGap":105},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_P000048_tyt9c7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$427,249 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ENERGY SECURITY PAC","explanation":"ENERGY SECURITY PAC spent $427,249 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00722371","name":"ENERGY SECURITY PAC","support":427248.72,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00722371/"]},{"id":"P11_P000048_5rok1m","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $3,939,154 in itemized individual contributions, $2,790,518 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3939154,"buckets":{"$200 and under":83060,"$200.01-$499":166550,"$500-$999":294793,"$1000-$1999":604233,"$2000 and over":2790518},"megaShare":70.8,"smallDonorShare":2.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000048_c23nb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$217,350 donation spike on 2019-09-24 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-24 this committee recorded $217,350 across 85 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $31,905.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00719294","date":"2019-09-24","amount":217350,"count":85,"baseline":31905,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00719294/"]},{"id":"P15_P000048_chfcr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$99,050 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $99,050 across 69 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,841.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00719294","date":"2019-12-31","amount":99050,"count":69,"baseline":11841,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00719294/"]},{"id":"P15_P000048_h8hh0s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,450 donation spike on 2021-03-24 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-24 this committee recorded $53,450 across 49 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,181.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00719294","date":"2021-03-24","amount":53450,"count":49,"baseline":5181,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00719294/"]},{"id":"P17_P000048_WBD_2026-02-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-06 and 2026-02-10, 3 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2026-02-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"}],"span":"2026-02-06 to 2026-02-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000048_WBD_2022-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-08 and 2022-04-12, 5 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-08 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000048_WBD_2022-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-11 and 2022-04-12, 4 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-11 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000048_WBD_2022-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-11 and 2022-04-12, 3 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"}],"span":"2022-04-11 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000048_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member August Pfluger executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2022-04-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishing Emergency Connectivity Fund To Close the Homework Gap","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2022-03-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000048_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member August Pfluger executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2021-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2021-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2021-03-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inflation Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties","agency":"Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary of the Treasury","date":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inflation Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties","agency":"Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary of the Treasury","date":"2021-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000048_c3zj4a","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"August Pfluger campaign paid $31,005 to 2 surname-matched vendors, top: PFRIENDS OF PFLUGER","explanation":"August Pfluger's campaign paid 4 disbursements totaling $31,005 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PFRIENDS OF PFLUGER","total":26000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PFRIENDS OF PFLUGER","amount":10000,"date":"2023-08-31","description":"2023 CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"pfluger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PFRIENDS OF PFLUGER","amount":10000,"date":"2023-06-16","description":"2023 CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"pfluger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PFRIENDS OF PFLUGER","amount":6000,"date":"2024-06-27","description":"POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"pfluger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PFLUGER, KARL","total":5004.87,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PFLUGER, KARL","amount":5004.87,"date":"2021-12-16","description":"SEE MEMO ITEM","surnameMatched":"pfluger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PFRIENDS%20OF%20PFLUGER"]},{"id":"P25_P000048_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"80% of PAC dollars ($1,560,715) come from Party industry","explanation":"August Pfluger receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1560715.2499999998,"share":80.4,"totalPAC":1941184.1199999996,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1560715.2499999998,"share":80.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":124868.87,"share":6.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":65000,"share":3.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":50600,"share":2.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_P000048","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"41% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 6.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 22 disclosed trades, 9 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 6.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":9,"total":22,"rate":40.9},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":6.35}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000048","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 28 total findings","explanation":"August Pfluger has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":28,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_P000048_WBD_20220412","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WBD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"August Pfluger buy $WBD 1 day after a corporate insider (Alpert-Romm Adria  (CIK 0001444236)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Alpert-Romm Adria  (CIK 0001444236)","filingDate":"2022-04-11","adsh":"0001437107-22-000079","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000048_DIS_20250701","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"August Pfluger sell $DIS 1 day after a corporate insider (Schake Kristina K  (CIK 0001935127)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Schake Kristina K  (CIK 0001935127)","filingDate":"2025-06-30","adsh":"0001628280-25-033549","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000048_WBD_20220411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WBD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"August Pfluger buy $WBD 1 day before a corporate insider (Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)","filingDate":"2022-04-12","adsh":"0001437107-22-000081"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000048_SIRI_20260113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SIRI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"August Pfluger sell $SIRI 1 day before a corporate insider (Siri Leor  (CIK 0001618242)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SIRI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SIRI","filer":"Siri Leor  (CIK 0001618242)","filingDate":"2026-01-14","adsh":"0001214659-26-000459"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000048_FNF_20210331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FNF 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"August Pfluger buy $FNF 1 day before a corporate insider (Ammerman Douglas K  (CIK 0001335360)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FNF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FNF","filer":"Ammerman Douglas K  (CIK 0001335360)","filingDate":"2021-04-01","adsh":"0001127602-21-012500"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000048_FWONK_20251216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FWONK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"August Pfluger buy $FWONK 1 day before a corporate insider (Wendling Brian J  (CIK 0001663090)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FWONK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FWONK","filer":"Wendling Brian J  (CIK 0001663090)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001225208-25-010101"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000048_WFC_20210331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WFC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"August Pfluger sell $WFC 5 days before a corporate insider (Hewett Wayne M.  (CIK 0001500124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Hewett Wayne M.  (CIK 0001500124)","filingDate":"2021-04-05","adsh":"0001127602-21-013010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000048_MSFT_20220412","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"August Pfluger sell $MSFT 7 days before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2022-04-19","adsh":"0001062993-22-010460"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_P000048_Auto_Care_Association_118816","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Auto Care Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"August Pfluger sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2026-01-13 held a hearing titled \"Examining Legislative Options to Strengthen Motor Vehicle Safety, Ensure Consumer Choice and Affordability, and Cement U…\". The witness Mr. Bill Hanvey (Auto Care Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"118816","title":"Examining Legislative Options to Strengthen Motor Vehicle Safety, Ensure Consumer Choice and Affordability, and Cement U.S. Automotive Leadership.","date":"2026-01-13T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Bill Hanvey","witnessOrg":"Auto Care Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118816"},{"source":"donor","name":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AUTO%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118816","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AUTO%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_P000048_American_Chemistry_Council_118897","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Chemistry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"August Pfluger sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2026-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“Chemicals in Commerce: Legislative Proposal to Modernize America’s Chemical Safety Law, Strengthen Critical Supply Chai…\". The witness Dr. Kimberly White (American Chemistry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"118897","title":"“Chemicals in Commerce: Legislative Proposal to Modernize America’s Chemical Safety Law, Strengthen Critical Supply Chains, and Grow Domestic Manufacturing.”","date":"2026-01-22T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Kimberly White","witnessOrg":"American Chemistry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118897"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL INC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20INC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118897","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20INC"]},{"id":"P47_P000048_American_Chemistry_Council_117835","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Chemistry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"August Pfluger sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2025-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”\". The witness Mr. Chris Jahn (American Chemistry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"117835","title":"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”","date":"2025-01-22T15:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Jahn","witnessOrg":"American Chemistry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL INC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20INC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20INC"]},{"id":"P47_P000048_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"August Pfluger sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P48_P000048_118433","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 4 days after a Consumer hearing in House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","explanation":"August Pfluger sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2025-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Looking Under the Hood: The State of NHTSA and Motor Vehicle Safety\" — classified as Consumer sector. The member sell $DIS (a Consumer-sector stock) 4 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"118433","title":"Looking Under the Hood: The State of NHTSA and Motor Vehicle Safety","date":"2025-06-26T14:00:00Z","sector":"Consumer","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118433"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118433","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_P000048","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $154,600","explanation":"August Pfluger received campaign contributions totaling $154,600 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($10,000); AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":154600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION PAC (AAHOA PAC)","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_P000048","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $53,450 on 2021-03-24 (10.3× normal)","explanation":"August Pfluger's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $53,450 on 2021-03-24 — 10.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":53450,"maxRatio":10.3,"maxAmount":53450},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-24","amount":53450,"ratio":10.3,"baselineDaily":5181,"count":49,"cmteId":"C00719294","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00719294&min_date=2021-03-24&max_date=2021-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00719294/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00719294&min_date=2021-03-24&max_date=2021-03-24"]},{"id":"P78_P000048","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 44 total findings across the platform","explanation":"August Pfluger appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 44 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (13); insider front ran trade (6); coordinated trade cluster (4); hearing witness donor (4); daily donation spike (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":44,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":13},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000048","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_P000048","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"August Pfluger's campaign paid $31,005 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: PFRIENDS OF PFLUGER ($26,000)","explanation":"August Pfluger's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $31,005 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: PFRIENDS OF PFLUGER ($26,000 across 3 payments, services: 2023 CONTRIBUTION · POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":31004.87,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"PFRIENDS OF PFLUGER","total":26000,"count":3,"descriptions":["2023 CONTRIBUTION","POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"PFLUGER, KARL","total":5004.87,"count":1,"descriptions":["SEE MEMO ITEM"]}],"surname":"pfluger"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0TX11230&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_P000048","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"August Pfluger named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($9.7M total receipts) — top: PFLUGER VICTORY FUND","explanation":"August Pfluger appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $9.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: PFLUGER VICTORY FUND (C00753913, $9.7M receipts, treasurer ANDERSON, PAUL). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":9.74,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00753913","name":"PFLUGER VICTORY FUND","receipts":9738915.91,"treasurer":"ANDERSON, PAUL","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00753913/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00753913/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00753913/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P149_P000048","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"August Pfluger triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"August Pfluger accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":20}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"C001125":[{"id":"P2_C001125_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $21,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $21,500 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":21500,"count":6,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_6p96yq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAG, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAG","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_p769hw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENTERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COM gave $8,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $8,000 from ENTERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ENPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENTERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ENPAC)","total":8000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_m9ap40","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_vy544o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Telecom (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_vaxc9c","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Telecom (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,500 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_unl42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORP. PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,500 from REGIONS FINANCIAL CORP. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORP. PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,500 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P2_C001125_px1bz7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS G gave $3,300 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Carter serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,300 from AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS GENERAL FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS GENERAL FUND","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-carter-announces-committee-assignments-119th-congress","http://troycarter.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-carter-announces-committee-assignments-118th-congress","https://cssbmb.gov/commissioner/troy-carter/"]},{"id":"P7_C001125_9jhoan","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,073,744 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,073,744 opposing this member across 30 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1073744.44,"totalSupport":11600,"events":30,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":983794.44},{"name":"Trust The People","oppose":87950},{"name":"PROGRESS FOR THE PEOPLE","oppose":2000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001125_za8hsa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$227,285 donation spike on 2020-12-31 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-12-31 this committee recorded $227,285 across 133 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,316.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00763649","date":"2020-12-31","amount":227285,"count":133,"baseline":23316,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763649/"]},{"id":"P15_C001125_6em5cm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$166,500 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 17.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $166,500 across 86 contributions — 17.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,608.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00763649","date":"2022-03-31","amount":166500,"count":86,"baseline":9608,"ratio":17.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763649/"]},{"id":"P15_C001125_l2zsnm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,417 donation spike on 2021-04-04 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-04 this committee recorded $106,417 across 71 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,962.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00763649","date":"2021-04-04","amount":106417,"count":71,"baseline":14962,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763649/"]},{"id":"P15_C001125_89u1tz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,300 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $84,300 across 30 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,002.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00763649","date":"2023-06-30","amount":84300,"count":30,"baseline":6002,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763649/"]},{"id":"P15_C001125_6eibi1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,908 donation spike on 2022-09-01 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-01 this committee recorded $70,908 across 27 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,434.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00763649","date":"2022-09-01","amount":70908,"count":27,"baseline":10434,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763649/"]},{"id":"P15_C001125_l312kx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,175 donation spike on 2021-02-25 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-02-25 this committee recorded $56,175 across 56 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,342.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00763649","date":"2021-02-25","amount":56175,"count":56,"baseline":7342,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763649/"]},{"id":"P19_C001125_pcafjj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Troy Carter campaign paid $3,590,368 to 53 surname-matched vendors, top: CARTER PRINTING","explanation":"Troy Carter's campaign paid 144 disbursements totaling $3,590,368 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARTER PRINTING","total":405484.58999999997,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING","amount":51495,"date":"2007-06-06","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING","amount":46123,"date":"2006-02-18","description":"DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING","amount":29867.62,"date":"2013-02-10","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARTER, EARL LEROY","total":300000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CARTER, EARL LEROY","amount":200000,"date":"2018-04-26","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CARTER, EARL LEROY","amount":50000,"date":"2018-04-26","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CARTER, EARL LEROY","amount":50000,"date":"2016-12-29","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETERSON, CHRIS","total":278412,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"PETERSON, CHRIS","amount":50000,"date":"2008-11-30","description":"BONUS","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"PETERSON, CHRIS","amount":25000,"date":"2008-06-30","description":"BONUS","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"PETERSON, CHRIS","amount":15412,"date":"2008-05-30","description":"BONUS","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLAPP, PETERSON, VAN FLEIN, TIEMESSEN, THORSNESS LLC","total":273328.3,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"CLAPP, PETERSON, VAN FLEIN, TIEMESSEN, THORSNESS LLC","amount":45000,"date":"2009-12-08","description":"LEGAL SERVICES, POLITICAL SERVICES, JUNE-AUGUST","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CLAPP, PETERSON, VAN FLEIN, TIEMESSEN, THORSNESS LLC","amount":15231.5,"date":"2012-07-01","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CLAPP, PETERSON, VAN FLEIN, TIEMESSEN, THORSNESS LLC","amount":10000,"date":"2010-03-01","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLAPP PETERSON VAN FLEIN","total":267037.7,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CLAPP PETERSON VAN FLEIN","amount":128518.85,"date":"2010-09-01","description":"ATTORNEY'S FEES","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CLAPP PETERSON VAN FLEIN","amount":128518.85,"date":"2010-09-22","description":"ATTORNEY FEES","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CLAPP PETERSON VAN FLEIN","amount":10000,"date":"2011-01-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"peterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARTER-MONDALE REELECTION COMMITTEE, INC (1980 GEN PCC & COMPLIANCE FUND)","total":229333,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CARTER-MONDALE REELECTION COMMITTEE, INC (1980 GEN PCC & COMPLIANCE FUND)","amount":101080,"date":"1981-06-29","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982},{"payee":"CARTER-MONDALE REELECTION COMMITTEE, INC (1980 GEN PCC & COMPLIANCE FUND)","amount":52558,"date":"1982-03-17","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982},{"payee":"CARTER-MONDALE REELECTION COMMITTEE, INC (1980 GEN PCC & COMPLIANCE FUND)","amount":29049,"date":"1983-03-02","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1984}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CARTER%20PRINTING"]},{"id":"P35_C001125_tw0y61","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"PROGRESS FOR THE PEOPLE both supported ($7,600) and opposed ($2,000) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Troy Carter advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00774679","name":"PROGRESS FOR THE PEOPLE","support":7600,"oppose":2000,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00774679/"]},{"id":"P47_C001125_West_Virginians_for_Affordable_118890","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"West Virginians for Affordable Health Care testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2026-01-22 held a hearing titled \"Lowering Health Care Costs for All Americans: An Examination of Health Insurance Affordability\". The witness Ms. Ellen Allen (West Virginians for Affordable Health Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118890","title":"Lowering Health Care Costs for All Americans: An Examination of Health Insurance Affordability","date":"2026-01-22T14:45:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ellen Allen","witnessOrg":"West Virginians for Affordable Health Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118890"},{"source":"donor","name":"NEXION HEALTH FUND FOR QUALITY LONG TERM CARE INC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEXION%20HEALTH%20FUND%20FOR%20QUALITY%20LONG%20TERM%20CARE%20INC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118890","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEXION%20HEALTH%20FUND%20FOR%20QUALITY%20LONG%20TERM%20CARE%20INC"]},{"id":"P47_C001125_Health_Care_Cost_Institute_116777","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Health Care Cost Institute testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2024-01-31 held a hearing titled \"Health Care Spending in the United States: Unsustainable for Patients, Employers, and Taxpayers\". The witness Ms. Katie Martin, MPA (Health Care Cost Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116777","title":"Health Care Spending in the United States: Unsustainable for Patients, Employers, and Taxpayers","date":"2024-01-31T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Katie Martin, MPA","witnessOrg":"Health Care Cost Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116777"},{"source":"donor","name":"NEXION HEALTH FUND FOR QUALITY LONG TERM CARE INC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEXION%20HEALTH%20FUND%20FOR%20QUALITY%20LONG%20TERM%20CARE%20INC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116777","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEXION%20HEALTH%20FUND%20FOR%20QUALITY%20LONG%20TERM%20CARE%20INC"]},{"id":"P47_C001125_The_National_Consumer_Voice_fo_116520","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-10-25 held a hearing titled \"Supporting Access to Long-Term Services and Supports: An Examination of the Impacts of Proposed Regulations on Workforce…\". The witness Ms. Lori Smetanka (The National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116520","title":"Supporting Access to Long-Term Services and Supports: An Examination of the Impacts of Proposed Regulations on Workforce and Access to Care","date":"2023-10-25T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Lori Smetanka","witnessOrg":"The National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116520"},{"source":"donor","name":"NEXION HEALTH FUND FOR QUALITY LONG TERM CARE INC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEXION%20HEALTH%20FUND%20FOR%20QUALITY%20LONG%20TERM%20CARE%20INC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116520","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEXION%20HEALTH%20FUND%20FOR%20QUALITY%20LONG%20TERM%20CARE%20INC"]},{"id":"P61_C001125","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $125,000","explanation":"Troy Carter received campaign contributions totaling $125,000 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 19 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF THE USA, INC. ($10,000); UA PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS - LOCAL 51 ($10,000); TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LOUISIANA ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":125000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAG","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF THE USA, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS PAC","ldaClient":"UA PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS - LOCAL 51","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LOUISIANA","ldaClient":"TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LOUISIANA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001125","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $166,500 on 2022-03-31 (17.3× normal)","explanation":"Troy Carter's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $166,500 on 2022-03-31 — 17.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":250800,"maxRatio":17.3,"maxAmount":166500},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":166500,"ratio":17.3,"baselineDaily":9608,"count":86,"cmteId":"C00763649","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00763649&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-30","amount":84300,"ratio":14,"baselineDaily":6002,"count":30,"cmteId":"C00763649","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00763649&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763649/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00763649&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"]},{"id":"P90_C001125","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Troy Carter's campaign paid $1,355,704 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: CARTER PRINTING ($405,485)","explanation":"Troy Carter's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 42 payments totaling $1,355,704 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CARTER PRINTING ($405,485 across 16 payments, services: POSTAGE · DIRECT MAIL COSTS · PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1355703.86,"paymentCount":42,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING","total":405484.58999999997,"count":16,"descriptions":["POSTAGE","DIRECT MAIL COSTS","PRINTING"]},{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING COMPANY","total":198572.08000000002,"count":4,"descriptions":["PRINTING"]},{"payee":"WISE CARTER CHILD & CARAWAY P.A.","total":193191.65,"count":5,"descriptions":["001-LEGAL FEES","LEGAL FEES"]},{"payee":"CARTER, JOHN W","total":176638,"count":2,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN BY CANDIDATE","LOAN FROM CANDIDATE"]},{"payee":"CARTER, CHARLES A. MR.","total":101318.26,"count":4,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING - SIGN REMOVAL & INSTALLATION","ADVERTISING-SIGN REMOVAL & INSTALLATION"]}],"surname":"carter"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2LA02149&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001125","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Troy Carter draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.7M PAC / $13.3M total)","explanation":"Troy Carter's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.7M of $13.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.73,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.29,"pacSharePct":43.1,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H2LA02149"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2LA02149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_C001125","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Troy Carter — DW-NOMINATE -0.52 vs LA delegation mean 0.18 (2.0σ outlier)","explanation":"Troy Carter's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.52) is 2.0 standard deviations from the LA delegation mean (0.18). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"LA","memberScore":-0.517,"delegationMean":0.17868571428571423,"zscore":"1.96"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"P000034":[{"id":"P2_P000034_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $294,981 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $294,981 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":294981,"count":30,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_hpcjxh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUT gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_fswhio","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IHEARTMEDIA INC - CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR  gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from IHEARTMEDIA INC - CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"IHEARTMEDIA INC - CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_p8gfb1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATI gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COGNIZANT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_7s6ai9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISE GROUP INC PAC  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISE GROUP INC PAC (PEGPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISE GROUP INC PAC (PEGPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_ae390z","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PINNACLE WEST PAC (PNW PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PINNACLE WEST PAC (PNW PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PINNACLE WEST PAC (PNW PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_5gd0y1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSOCIATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSOCIATION PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STATES TELECOM ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_uehp20","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_u4w4jw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COVANTA ENERGY LLC PAC (COVANTA PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COVANTA ENERGY LLC PAC (COVANTA PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COVANTA ENERGY LLC PAC (COVANTA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P2_P000034_tu5ai3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ORACLE AMERICA INC PAC (ORACLE PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from ORACLE AMERICA INC PAC (ORACLE PAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ORACLE AMERICA INC PAC (ORACLE PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://democrats-energycommerce.house.gov/about-ec/meet-the-ranking-member","http://pallone.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Pallone"]},{"id":"P9_P000034_ropdp2","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$24,150 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $24,150 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":24445.020000000004,"oppose":294.78,"net":24150.240000000005,"events":26,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":16968.28,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":6234.11,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":1230.94,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":294.78,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA","support":10,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_P000034_nxkbj","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $5,176,723 / spent $4,890,592","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00410308","cmteName":"SHORE PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":127653.6,"totalDisbursements":123057.7,"cashOnHand":22140.44},{"cmteId":"C00410308","cmteName":"SHORE PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":114445,"totalDisbursements":102465.2,"cashOnHand":34120.24},{"cmteId":"C00410308","cmteName":"SHORE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":539516.5,"totalDisbursements":519932.2,"cashOnHand":53704.55},{"cmteId":"C00410308","cmteName":"SHORE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":643590,"totalDisbursements":641940.7,"cashOnHand":55353.9},{"cmteId":"C00410308","cmteName":"SHORE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":823725,"totalDisbursements":685925,"cashOnHand":192153.91}],"totalRaised":5176723.4,"totalSpent":4890591.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_P000034_zeelu4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $1,814,510 in itemized individual contributions, $1,210,157 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1814510,"buckets":{"$200 and under":2452,"$200.01-$499":62325,"$500-$999":161772,"$1000-$1999":377804,"$2000 and over":1210157},"megaShare":66.7,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000034_MO_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-04, 3 members took the same direction on MO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","date":"2019-01-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"M001199","name":"Brian Mast"},{"bioguideId":"P000034","name":"Frank Pallone"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000034_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Frank Pallone executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2021-08-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2021-08-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Notification of Policy for Flight Training in Certain Aircraft","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-07-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Notification of Policy for Flight Training in Certain Aircraft","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000034_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Frank Pallone executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2021-08-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Ukraine-Related Web General License 14 and Subsequent Iterations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2021-07-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000034_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Frank Pallone executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2020-09-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Blackspotted and Rougheye Rockfish in the Central Aleutian Islands ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-08-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000034_6ummwz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Frank Pallone campaign paid $5,219,412 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","explanation":"Frank Pallone's campaign paid 64 disbursements totaling $5,219,412 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","total":4596542.210000001,"count":40,"samples":[{"payee":"PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","amount":443276,"date":"2006-08-30","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","amount":358406,"date":"2006-10-17","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","amount":348675,"date":"2012-04-17","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NICHOLS MEDIA, PERKINS","total":326259.68,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NICHOLS MEDIA, PERKINS","amount":230000,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"FEA: PUBLIC COMMUNTICATION - MAIL","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NICHOLS MEDIA, PERKINS","amount":64173.12,"date":"2004-04-13","description":"FEA: GOTV RADIO AD","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NICHOLS MEDIA, PERKINS","amount":32086.56,"date":"2004-04-28","description":"FEA: GOTV RADIO AD","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NICHOLS, MATT","total":38000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"NICHOLS, MATT","amount":10000,"date":"2020-06-22","description":"GENERAL CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NICHOLS, MATT","amount":10000,"date":"2020-05-27","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NICHOLS, MATT","amount":10000,"date":"2020-05-01","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NICHOLS, JOHN","total":37800,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NICHOLS, JOHN","amount":27000,"date":"2016-12-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NICHOLS, JOHN","amount":10800,"date":"2018-07-30","description":"REFUND OF ONLINE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NICHOLS, CHRISTINE WAKEFIELD","total":33400,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NICHOLS, CHRISTINE WAKEFIELD","amount":33400,"date":"2015-07-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NICHOLS FOR PA","total":30000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NICHOLS FOR PA","amount":20000,"date":"2017-10-12","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NICHOLS FOR PA","amount":10000,"date":"2017-10-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PERKINS%20NICHOLS%20MEDIA"]},{"id":"P20_P000034_1r2","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Frank Pallone sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2020-09-25","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3321853.0300000003,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000034","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Frank Pallone has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_P000034_TXN_20200925","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TXN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Frank Pallone sell $TXN 3 days after a corporate insider (KIRK RONALD  (CIK 0001186342)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXN","filer":"KIRK RONALD  (CIK 0001186342)","filingDate":"2020-09-22","adsh":"0001127602-20-025574","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000034_D_20210811","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $D 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Frank Pallone sell $D 2 days before a corporate insider (Aguirre Miriam  (CIK 0001836531)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Aguirre Miriam  (CIK 0001836531)","filingDate":"2021-08-13","adsh":"0001628280-21-017007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000034_DIS_20200925","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Frank Pallone sell $DIS 7 days before a corporate insider (LAGOMASINO MARIA ELENA  (CIK 0001224543)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"LAGOMASINO MARIA ELENA  (CIK 0001224543)","filingDate":"2020-10-02","adsh":"0001744489-20-000161"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_P000034_2021-07-19_Utilities","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $D 23 days after a Utilities floor speech","explanation":"Frank Pallone delivered a 891-word floor speech on 2021-07-19 that the classifier tagged Utilities sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 2931) to provide for certain pro- grams and developments in the Depart- ment of Energy concerning the cyber- security and vulnerabiliti…\"). The member sell $D (a Utilities-sector stock) 23 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-07-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":891,"sector":"Utilities","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 2931) to provide for certain pro- grams and developments in the Depart- ment of Energy concerning the cyber- security and vulnerabiliti","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/19/167/126/CREC-2021-07-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","sector":"Utilities","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/19/167/126/CREC-2021-07-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_P000034_2021-07-19_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CVX 23 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Frank Pallone delivered a 299-word floor speech on 2021-07-19 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 2928, the Cyber Sense Act of 2021. Grid security is a national security issue. Fortunately, there has not…\"). The member sell $CVX (a Energy-sector stock) 23 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-07-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":299,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 2928, the Cyber Sense Act of 2021. Grid security is a national security issue. Fortunately, there has not","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/19/167/126/CREC-2021-07-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/07/19/167/126/CREC-2021-07-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_P000034_2020-09-29_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TXN 4 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Frank Pallone delivered a 425-word floor speech on 2020-09-29 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, this legislation and the two bills that will follow it are bipar- tisan bills that will help protect our energy grid from cyberatta…\"). The member sell $TXN (a Technology-sector stock) 4 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-09-29","chamber":"House","wordCount":425,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, this legislation and the two bills that will follow it are bipar- tisan bills that will help protect our energy grid from cyberatta","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/09/29/166/169/CREC-2020-09-29-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/09/29/166/169/CREC-2020-09-29-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P51_P000034_BANK_OF_AMERICA_N_A_","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. $31.0M — vendor also donated $108,581.15","explanation":"Frank Pallone's campaign committee paid $31,000,000 to BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $108,581.15 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 285.5× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.","total":31000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=BANK%20OF%20AMERICA%2C%20N.A."},{"source":"donor","name":"BANK OF AMERICA","total":108581.15000000001,"count":11,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BANK%20OF%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=BANK%20OF%20AMERICA%2C%20N.A.","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BANK%20OF%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P61_P000034","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $185,000","explanation":"Frank Pallone received campaign contributions totaling $185,000 from 34 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 33 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE ($10,000); ATHLETICO PHYSICAL THERAPY ($10,000); AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE ANESTHETISTS ($10,000); SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION (SA ($5,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":34,"totalDollars":185000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE","ldaClient":"EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PHYSICAL THERAPY PAC (PT-PAC)","ldaClient":"ATHLETICO PHYSICAL THERAPY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE ANESTHETISTS PAC (CRNA PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE ANESTHETISTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION VOLUNTARY PAC","ldaClient":"SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION (SAIC)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC (NMHC PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_P000034","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 28 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Frank Pallone appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 28 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (10); reg rule trade proximity (3); speech advocacy trade (3); insider front ran trade (2); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":28,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000034","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P136_P000034","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Frank Pallone ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $41.5M across 40 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Frank Pallone's FEC-bulk record shows $41.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 40 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $73.6M (PAC: $41.5M, individual: $27.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":41.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":73.58,"lifetimeIndividualM":27.56,"cycleCount":40,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8NJ03073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NJ03073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_P000034","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Pallone ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $74M across 40 cycles","explanation":"Frank Pallone's FEC-bulk record shows $73.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 40 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":73.58,"cycleCount":40,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8NJ03073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NJ03073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_P000034","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Frank Pallone draws 56% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($41.5M PAC / $73.6M total)","explanation":"Frank Pallone's FEC-bulk record shows 56% of lifetime campaign receipts ($41.5M of $73.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":41.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":73.58,"pacSharePct":56.4,"cycleCount":40,"fecId":"H8NJ03073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NJ03073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_P000034","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Frank Pallone's PAC funding concentrates 59% in Technology ($0.31M / $0.52M classified)","explanation":"Frank Pallone's PAC donors concentrate 59% in the Technology industry — $0.31M of $0.52M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.31M · Finance $0.11M · Healthcare $0.04M · Energy $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.31,"totalPacAmountM":0.52,"concentrationPct":59.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.31,"Finance":0.11,"Healthcare":0.04,"Energy":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Telecom":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NJ03073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_P000034","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Pallone triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Frank Pallone accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_P000034","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Pallone operates leadership PAC with $5.2M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: SHORE PAC","explanation":"Frank Pallone operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $5.2M and disbursements of $4.9M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: SHORE PAC (C00410308). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":5.18,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":4.89,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00410308","cmteName":"SHORE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00410308/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P158_P000034","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Pallone ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,692 cosponsored, 577 sponsored","explanation":"Frank Pallone's congress.gov record shows 6,692 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6692,"sponsoredCount":577,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-pallone,-jr./P000034","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_P000034_CleanWaterProtection","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Pallone sponsored \"Clean Water Protection Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Frank Pallone has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Clean Water Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"T000468":[{"id":"P2_T000468_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $19,900 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Dina Titus serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $19,900 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":19900,"count":5,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Foreign Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/dina-titus/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Titus","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000468"]},{"id":"P2_T000468_i24ojw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE PAC (UPS PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Dina Titus serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE PAC (UPS PAC), a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE PAC (UPS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Foreign Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/dina-titus/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Titus","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000468"]},{"id":"P2_T000468_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dina Titus serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Foreign Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/dina-titus/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Titus","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000468"]},{"id":"P2_T000468_2bnulz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL ACTION gave $9,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Dina Titus serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $9,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Foreign Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/dina-titus/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Titus","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000468"]},{"id":"P2_T000468_qf230r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL FEDER gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Dina Titus serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Foreign Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/dina-titus/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Titus","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000468"]},{"id":"P2_T000468_4xetcp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SMART TD PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Dina Titus serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SMART TD PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SMART TD PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Foreign Affairs","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/dina-titus/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Titus","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000468"]},{"id":"P6_T000468_tx4nuv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$524,529 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKERS VOTE","explanation":"WORKERS VOTE spent $524,529 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 41 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754051","name":"WORKERS VOTE","support":524529.02,"oppose":0,"events":41}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754051/"]},{"id":"P6_T000468_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$372,166 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SEIU COPE (Service Employees Internation (also direct donor)","explanation":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) spent $372,166 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":372165.81999999995,"oppose":1065.72,"events":10},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P6_T000468_d14v8c","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$317,649 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WE VOTE WE WIN","explanation":"WE VOTE WE WIN spent $317,649 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 32 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90021452","name":"WE VOTE WE WIN","support":317649.0400000001,"oppose":0,"events":32}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021452/"]},{"id":"P6_T000468_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$264,262 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from League of Conservation Voters Victory Fu","explanation":"League of Conservation Voters Victory Fund spent $264,262 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"League of Conservation Voters Victory Fund","support":264261.76,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P7_T000468_anitrf","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,877,699 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,877,699 opposing this member across 2529 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1877699.2800000003,"totalSupport":2282358.5899999617,"events":2529,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":1091498.21},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR TAX REFORM","oppose":622323.34},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":1065.72},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":59706.68},{"name":"Coalition to Protect Seniors, Inc.","oppose":39326.13}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_T000468_hbye4c","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,154,850 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,154,850 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1154850,"events":3,"byYear":{"2010":1154850},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":705000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":449850,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_T000468_alny2q","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$138,033 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $138,033 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":138033.46000000005,"oppose":0,"net":138033.46000000005,"events":77,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","support":33522.94,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":22618.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":21945.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":20170.61,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":19218,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_T000468_z1tto4","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $573,543 / spent $504,161","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00450577","cmteName":"DEMOCRATS TIME IN NEVADA","year":"2012","totalReceipts":76530.8,"totalDisbursements":111651.7,"cashOnHand":5513.07},{"cmteId":"C00450577","cmteName":"DEMOCRATS TIME IN NEVADA","year":"2014","totalReceipts":79312.5,"totalDisbursements":69232.4,"cashOnHand":15593.21},{"cmteId":"C00450577","cmteName":"DEMOCRATS TIME IN NEVADA","year":"2016","totalReceipts":76800,"totalDisbursements":50923.5,"cashOnHand":41469.76},{"cmteId":"C00450577","cmteName":"DEMOCRATS TIME IN NEVADA","year":"2018","totalReceipts":84200,"totalDisbursements":91940.7,"cashOnHand":33729.06},{"cmteId":"C00450577","cmteName":"DEMOCRATS TIME IN NEVADA","year":"2020","totalReceipts":62000,"totalDisbursements":27373.4,"cashOnHand":68355.71}],"totalRaised":573543.1,"totalSpent":504161.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000468_49baiu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,900 donation spike on 2024-03-31 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-31 this committee recorded $72,900 across 33 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,327.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499467","date":"2024-03-31","amount":72900,"count":33,"baseline":7327,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499467/"]},{"id":"P19_T000468_x4oemd","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dina Titus campaign paid $8,577,592 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: DICKINSON WRIGHT PLLC","explanation":"Dina Titus's campaign paid 104 disbursements totaling $8,577,592 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DICKINSON WRIGHT PLLC","total":3631270.64,"count":46,"samples":[{"payee":"DICKINSON WRIGHT PLLC","amount":211543.44,"date":"2024-11-20","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DICKINSON WRIGHT PLLC","amount":185633.98,"date":"2020-11-30","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DICKINSON WRIGHT PLLC","amount":175730.49,"date":"2022-11-22","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP","total":2099716.41,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP","amount":456006.78,"date":"2020-12-29","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP","amount":302688.33,"date":"2020-11-02","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP","amount":250000,"date":"2020-10-29","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CONGRESSMAN WRIGHT APPRECIATION COMMITTEE","total":729665,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"CONGRESSMAN WRIGHT APPRECIATION COMMITTEE","amount":290945,"date":"1986-06-24","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1986},{"payee":"CONGRESSMAN WRIGHT APPRECIATION COMMITTEE","amount":100000,"date":"1988-08-11","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988},{"payee":"CONGRESSMAN WRIGHT APPRECIATION COMMITTEE","amount":99364,"date":"1988-03-24","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAREN BUCHWALD WRIGHT REVOCABLE TST","total":500000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KAREN BUCHWALD WRIGHT REVOCABLE TST","amount":500000,"date":"2014-10-15","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DICKINSON WRIGHT, PLLC","total":326094.2,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DICKINSON WRIGHT, PLLC","amount":229357.3,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DICKINSON WRIGHT, PLLC","amount":49141.32,"date":"2020-08-14","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DICKINSON WRIGHT, PLLC","amount":47595.58,"date":"2020-07-22","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMAS WRIGHT FOR GOVERNOR","total":190000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMAS WRIGHT FOR GOVERNOR","amount":100000,"date":"2020-06-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"THOMAS WRIGHT FOR GOVERNOR","amount":50000,"date":"2020-02-06","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"THOMAS WRIGHT FOR GOVERNOR","amount":40000,"date":"2020-05-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wright","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DICKINSON%20WRIGHT%20PLLC"]},{"id":"P35_T000468_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) both supported ($372,166) and opposed ($1,066) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Dina Titus advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":372165.81999999995,"oppose":1065.72,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P36_T000468","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Dina Titus has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_T000468_National_Business_Aviation_Ass_118346","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Dina Titus sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-06-04 held a hearing titled \"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"\". The witness Mr. Edward Bolen (National Business Aviation Association (NBAA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"118346","title":"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"","date":"2025-06-04T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward Bolen","witnessOrg":"National Business Aviation Association (NBAA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL BUSINESS AVIATION ASSOCIATION INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NBAA-PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20BUSINESS%20AVIATION%20ASSOCIATION%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NBAA-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20BUSINESS%20AVIATION%20ASSOCIATION%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NBAA-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_T000468_Transport_Workers_Union_of_Ame_117944","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $9,000 donor","explanation":"Dina Titus sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"\". The witness Mr. Andre Sutton (Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117944","title":"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andre Sutton","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944"},{"source":"donor","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":9000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NY","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRANSPORT%20WORKERS%20UNION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRANSPORT%20WORKERS%20UNION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_T000468_Professional_Aviation_Safety_S_117936","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Professional Aviation Safety Specialists (PASS) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Dina Titus sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"\". The witness Mr. Dave Spero (Professional Aviation Safety Specialists (PASS)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117936","title":"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"","date":"2025-03-04T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Dave Spero","witnessOrg":"Professional Aviation Safety Specialists (PASS)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936"},{"source":"donor","name":"PROFESSIONAL AVIATION SAFETY SPECIALISTS PAC (PASS PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PROFESSIONAL%20AVIATION%20SAFETY%20SPECIALISTS%20PAC%20(PASS%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PROFESSIONAL%20AVIATION%20SAFETY%20SPECIALISTS%20PAC%20(PASS%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_T000468_Seafarers_International_Union__117821","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Seafarers International Union of North America testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Dina Titus sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Schoeneman (Seafarers International Union of North America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","eventId":"117821","title":"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-02-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Schoeneman","witnessOrg":"Seafarers International Union of North America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA LIUNA PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20LIUNA%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20LIUNA%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_T000468_National_Business_Aviation_Ass_115276","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Business Aviation Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Dina Titus sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety\". The witness Mr. Ed Bolen (National Business Aviation Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"115276","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ed Bolen","witnessOrg":"National Business Aviation Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL BUSINESS AVIATION ASSOCIATION INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NBAA-PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20BUSINESS%20AVIATION%20ASSOCIATION%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NBAA-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20BUSINESS%20AVIATION%20ASSOCIATION%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NBAA-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_T000468_National_Business_Aviation_Ass_117176","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Dina Titus sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2024-07-10 held a hearing titled \"\"Eliminating Bottlenecks: Examining Opportunities to Recruit, Retain, and Engage Aviation Talent\"\". The witness Ms. Joanne Damato (National Business Aviation Association (NBAA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117176","title":"\"Eliminating Bottlenecks: Examining Opportunities to Recruit, Retain, and Engage Aviation Talent\"","date":"2024-07-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Joanne Damato","witnessOrg":"National Business Aviation Association (NBAA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117176"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL BUSINESS AVIATION ASSOCIATION INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NBAA-PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20BUSINESS%20AVIATION%20ASSOCIATION%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NBAA-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117176","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20BUSINESS%20AVIATION%20ASSOCIATION%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NBAA-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_T000468_Atlas_Public_Policy_116852","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Atlas Public Policy testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Dina Titus sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2024-04-30 held a hearing titled \"\"It's Electric: A Review of Fleet Electrification Efforts\"\". The witness Mr. Nick Nigro (Atlas Public Policy) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"116852","title":"\"It's Electric: A Review of Fleet Electrification Efforts\"","date":"2024-04-30T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Nick Nigro","witnessOrg":"Atlas Public Policy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116852"},{"source":"donor","name":"WYNN RESORTS LIMITED INITAITIVE FOR PUBLIC POLICY","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NV","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=WYNN%20RESORTS%20LIMITED%20INITAITIVE%20FOR%20PUBLIC%20POLICY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116852","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=WYNN%20RESORTS%20LIMITED%20INITAITIVE%20FOR%20PUBLIC%20POLICY"]},{"id":"P47_T000468_Transport_Workers_Union_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $9,000 donor","explanation":"Dina Titus sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Gary Peterson (Transport Workers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Gary Peterson","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":9000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NY","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRANSPORT%20WORKERS%20UNION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRANSPORT%20WORKERS%20UNION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P57_T000468","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1155K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 61% from AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","explanation":"Dina Titus was the target of $1,154,850 in electioneering communications across 3 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK ($705,000 = 61% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1154850,"events":3,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":1154850}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":705000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":449850,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_T000468","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$138K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 24% from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","explanation":"Dina Titus received $138,033.46 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($33,522.94 = 24%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":138033.46000000005,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":113055.49000000005,"2012":165.98000000000002,"2016":56.72,"2022":63624.280000000006,"2024":2583},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","support":33522.94,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002118/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":22618.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":21945.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":20170.61,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":19218,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002118/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_T000468","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (6 total findings) — ie support concentration (4), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Dina Titus triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 6 total findings across them: ie support concentration (4), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":6,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":4},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_T000468","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $184,000","explanation":"Dina Titus received campaign contributions totaling $184,000 from 27 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 27 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":27,"totalDollars":184000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA LIUNA PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ARCHIPAC - THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE PAC (UPS PAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_T000468","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dina Titus appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (8); committee pac conflict (6); ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":8},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":6},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000468","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_T000468","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dina Titus's campaign paid $26,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: TITUS, NICOLE ($16,000)","explanation":"Dina Titus's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $26,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TITUS, NICOLE ($16,000 across 2 payments, services: DIGITAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":26000,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TITUS, NICOLE","total":16000,"count":2,"descriptions":["DIGITAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"TITUS, MICHELE","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["OTHER: MANAGER COUNT FOR COSTA 2010"]}],"surname":"titus"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8NV03036&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_T000468","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dina Titus draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.8M PAC / $32.4M total)","explanation":"Dina Titus's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.8M of $32.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":32.41,"pacSharePct":42.7,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8NV03036"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NV03036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_T000468","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dina Titus triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Dina Titus accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":18}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"M001196":[{"id":"P2_M001196_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $148,590 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Seth Moulton serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $148,590 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":148590,"count":23,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001196","http://moulton.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/227127/Seth_Wilbur_Moulton.html"]},{"id":"P2_M001196_aa23ui","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND gave $83,963 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Seth Moulton serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $83,963 from MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND","total":83962.64,"count":5,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001196","http://moulton.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/227127/Seth_Wilbur_Moulton.html"]},{"id":"P2_M001196_2i0d5h","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEMOCRACY ENGINE, INC - CONDUIT COMMITTE gave $13,200 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Seth Moulton serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $13,200 from DEMOCRACY ENGINE, INC - CONDUIT COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEMOCRACY ENGINE, INC - CONDUIT COMMITTEE","total":13200,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001196","http://moulton.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/227127/Seth_Wilbur_Moulton.html"]},{"id":"P2_M001196_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Seth Moulton serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001196","http://moulton.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/227127/Seth_Wilbur_Moulton.html"]},{"id":"P2_M001196_k0sc63","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Seth Moulton serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001196","http://moulton.house.gov/about/committees","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/227127/Seth_Wilbur_Moulton.html"]},{"id":"P6_M001196_d0kh27","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$574,346 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","explanation":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND spent $574,346 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90010620","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","support":574346,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90010620/"]},{"id":"P6_M001196_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$464,534 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $464,534 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":464534.4,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_M001196_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$302,345 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Democratic Congressional Campaign Commit","explanation":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spent $302,345 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":302344.65,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P8_M001196_wezl6h","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$432,722 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $432,722 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":432721.97,"events":2,"byYear":{"2014":432721.97},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":432721.97,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001196_5vmg1v","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$18,923 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $18,923 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":18923.14,"oppose":0,"net":18923.14,"events":6,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002373","name":"MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":15907.16,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":2026.19,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004239","name":"SEIU LOCAL 32BJ","support":913.16,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":76.63,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001196_gvopn7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"78% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $14,515,017 in itemized individual contributions, $11,253,267 (78%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":14515016.51,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1383931.26,"$200.01-$499":826340.15,"$500-$999":1242713.14,"$1000-$1999":2576627.5,"$2000 and over":11253266.98},"megaShare":77.5,"smallDonorShare":-9.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001196_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4667 employees of N/A gave $2,280,354 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4667× N/A = $2,280,354. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":4667,"total":2280354,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001196_q13iuy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$238,310 donation spike on 2025-10-15 — 23× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-15 this committee recorded $238,310 across 197 contributions — 23× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,371.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547240","date":"2025-10-15","amount":238310,"count":197,"baseline":10371,"ratio":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/"]},{"id":"P15_M001196_q13iux","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$141,160 donation spike on 2025-10-16 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-16 this committee recorded $141,160 across 120 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,221.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547240","date":"2025-10-16","amount":141160,"count":120,"baseline":15221,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/"]},{"id":"P15_M001196_q128ua","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$138,790 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $138,790 across 91 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,500.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547240","date":"2025-12-31","amount":138790,"count":91,"baseline":22500,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/"]},{"id":"P15_M001196_1hhw8s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,551 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $114,551 across 96 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,909.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547240","date":"2014-03-31","amount":114551,"count":96,"baseline":11909,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/"]},{"id":"P15_M001196_1hjt7c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,100 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $114,100 across 108 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,603.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547240","date":"2014-06-30","amount":114100,"count":108,"baseline":8603,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/"]},{"id":"P15_M001196_pifb29","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,750 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $82,750 across 57 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,552.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547240","date":"2017-03-31","amount":82750,"count":57,"baseline":8552,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/"]},{"id":"P15_M001196_1hlq5x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,750 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $79,750 across 68 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,798.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547240","date":"2014-09-30","amount":79750,"count":68,"baseline":12798,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/"]},{"id":"P15_M001196_g5w6gt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,400 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $70,400 across 49 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,850.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547240","date":"2015-03-31","amount":70400,"count":49,"baseline":8850,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/"]},{"id":"P15_M001196_xeubm3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$205,150 donation spike on 2019-04-28 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-04-28 this committee recorded $205,150 across 187 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,954.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00704510","date":"2019-04-28","amount":205150,"count":187,"baseline":16954,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00704510/"]},{"id":"P18_M001196_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Seth Moulton executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-08-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Pacific Halibut Fisheries; Catch Sharing Plan; Inseason Action","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001196_wlstlz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Seth Moulton campaign paid $20,659 to 8 surname-matched vendors, top: AARON BARTNICK","explanation":"Seth Moulton's campaign paid 28 disbursements totaling $20,659 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AARON BARTNICK","total":7442.830000000002,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"AARON BARTNICK","amount":1134.95,"date":"2012-09-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"bartnick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"AARON BARTNICK","amount":1134.94,"date":"2012-11-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"bartnick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"AARON BARTNICK","amount":1134.94,"date":"2012-10-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"bartnick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOEPP, AMY TATTRIE","total":3300,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LOEPP, AMY TATTRIE","amount":3300,"date":"2023-12-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TATTRIE, RICHARD L.  ","total":2775,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"TATTRIE, RICHARD L.  ","amount":1137.5,"date":"2003-07-16","description":"COMPUTER / BUILDING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"TATTRIE, RICHARD L.  ","amount":587.5,"date":"2003-08-05","description":"COMPUTER / BUILDING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"TATTRIE, RICHARD L.  ","amount":425,"date":"2003-02-12","description":"COMPUTER / BUILDING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARTNICK, AARON","total":2447.37,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"BARTNICK, AARON","amount":1260.15,"date":"2019-05-24","description":"REIMBURSED TRAVEL - SEE MEMO'S IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"bartnick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BARTNICK, AARON","amount":650,"date":"2015-01-13","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - SEE MEMO","surnameMatched":"bartnick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BARTNICK, AARON","amount":283,"date":"2017-03-07","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - SEE MEMO","surnameMatched":"bartnick","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TATTRIE, DARRYL R","total":2248.47,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"TATTRIE, DARRYL R","amount":950,"date":"2004-12-30","description":"SEE MEMO ITEMS","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"TATTRIE, DARRYL R","amount":680,"date":"2004-04-15","description":"SEE MEMO ENTRIES","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"TATTRIE, DARRYL R","amount":276.02,"date":"2004-03-31","description":"SEE MEMO ENTRIES","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TATTRIE, RICHARD L","total":2075,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"TATTRIE, RICHARD L","amount":800,"date":"2004-03-10","description":"COMPUTER / BUILDING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"TATTRIE, RICHARD L","amount":675,"date":"2004-04-17","description":"COMPUTER / BUILDING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"TATTRIE, RICHARD L","amount":600,"date":"2003-12-31","description":"COMPUTER / BUILDING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"tattrie","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=AARON%20BARTNICK"]},{"id":"P29_M001196_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MOULTON, Seth voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":390,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001196","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"73% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 11.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 11 disclosed trades, 8 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 11.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":8,"total":11,"rate":72.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":11.29}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001196","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 25 total findings","explanation":"Seth Moulton has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":25,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001196_ATVI_20230314","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ATVI 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Seth Moulton sell $ATVI 4 days after a corporate insider (DIXTON GRANT MICHAEL  (CIK 0001866710)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATVI","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATVI","filer":"DIXTON GRANT MICHAEL  (CIK 0001866710)","filingDate":"2023-03-10","adsh":"0000718877-23-000021","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001196_ATVI_20220916","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ATVI 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Seth Moulton sell $ATVI 4 days after a corporate insider (Alegre Daniel  (CIK 0001576237)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATVI","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATVI","filer":"Alegre Daniel  (CIK 0001576237)","filingDate":"2022-09-12","adsh":"0000718877-22-000037","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001196_ATVI_20220916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ATVI 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Seth Moulton sell $ATVI 3 days before a corporate insider (YANG JESSE  (CIK 0001811303)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATVI","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATVI","filer":"YANG JESSE  (CIK 0001811303)","filingDate":"2022-09-19","adsh":"0000718877-22-000039"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P57_M001196","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$433K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","explanation":"Seth Moulton was the target of $432,721.97 in electioneering communications across 2 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND ($432,721.97 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":432721.97,"events":2,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2014":432721.97}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":432721.97,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_M001196","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $81,600","explanation":"Seth Moulton received campaign contributions totaling $81,600 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA ($10,000); WITH HONOR ACTION, INC. ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); MARK HASTINGS ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":81600,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","ldaClient":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"WITH HONOR PAC","ldaClient":"WITH HONOR ACTION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"HASTINGS, MARK","ldaClient":"MARK HASTINGS","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001196","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $238,310 on 2025-10-15 (23.0× normal)","explanation":"Seth Moulton's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $238,310 on 2025-10-15 — 23.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":557560,"maxRatio":23,"maxAmount":238310},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-10-15","amount":238310,"ratio":23,"baselineDaily":10371,"count":197,"cmteId":"C00547240","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00547240&min_date=2025-10-15&max_date=2025-10-15"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-04-28","amount":205150,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":16954,"count":187,"cmteId":"C00704510","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00704510&min_date=2019-04-28&max_date=2019-04-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-06-30","amount":114100,"ratio":13.3,"baselineDaily":8603,"count":108,"cmteId":"C00547240","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00547240&min_date=2014-06-30&max_date=2014-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547240/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00547240&min_date=2025-10-15&max_date=2025-10-15"]},{"id":"P78_M001196","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 32 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Seth Moulton appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 32 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (9); committee pac conflict (5); ie support concentration (3); insider followed trade (2); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":32,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001196","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001196","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Seth Moulton's campaign paid $429,100 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND ($429,100)","explanation":"Seth Moulton's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 37 payments totaling $429,100 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND ($429,100 across 37 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":429100,"paymentCount":37,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND","total":429100,"count":37,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"moulton"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MA06090&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_M001196","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Seth Moulton named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.7M total receipts) — top: MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND","explanation":"Seth Moulton appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND (C00651554, $2.7M receipts, treasurer TATTRIE, DARRYL). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.72,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00651554","name":"MOULTON LEADERSHIP FUND","receipts":2720441.9799999995,"treasurer":"TATTRIE, DARRYL","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651554/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651554/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00651554/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P140_M001196","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Seth Moulton disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL ATVI $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Seth Moulton has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL ATVI $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2023-08-18 · SELL ATVI $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-06-13.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":600002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ATVI","action":"SELL","date":"2023-08-18","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"ATVI","action":"SELL","date":"2023-06-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_M001196","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Seth Moulton's PAC funding concentrates 77% in Technology ($0.15M / $0.20M classified)","explanation":"Seth Moulton's PAC donors concentrate 77% in the Technology industry — $0.15M of $0.20M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.15M · Labor $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.15,"totalPacAmountM":0.2,"concentrationPct":77.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.15,"Labor":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MA06090/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"P000613":[{"id":"P2_P000613_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://panetta.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://panetta.house.gov/media/press-releases/house-leadership-appoints-congressman-panetta-three-committees-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta"]},{"id":"P2_P000613_26z478","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BLUE SHIELD OF CALIFORNIA PAC (SHIELD PA gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from BLUE SHIELD OF CALIFORNIA PAC (SHIELD PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BLUE SHIELD OF CALIFORNIA PAC (SHIELD PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://panetta.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://panetta.house.gov/media/press-releases/house-leadership-appoints-congressman-panetta-three-committees-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta"]},{"id":"P2_P000613_646bm5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CROP INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS ASSOCIATION gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from CROP INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS ASSOCIATION PAC-CIPA PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CROP INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS ASSOCIATION PAC-CIPA PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://panetta.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://panetta.house.gov/media/press-releases/house-leadership-appoints-congressman-panetta-three-committees-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta"]},{"id":"P2_P000613_d4tzes","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $9,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $9,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://panetta.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://panetta.house.gov/media/press-releases/house-leadership-appoints-congressman-panetta-three-committees-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta"]},{"id":"P2_P000613_fxoqm6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://panetta.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://panetta.house.gov/media/press-releases/house-leadership-appoints-congressman-panetta-three-committees-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta"]},{"id":"P2_P000613_3gs5oh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AXPPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AXPPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://panetta.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://panetta.house.gov/media/press-releases/house-leadership-appoints-congressman-panetta-three-committees-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta"]},{"id":"P2_P000613_v21jgt","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://panetta.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://panetta.house.gov/media/press-releases/house-leadership-appoints-congressman-panetta-three-committees-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta"]},{"id":"P10_P000613_uo1zxj","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,298,601 / spent $1,193,117","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00680132","cmteName":"TRIED-AND-TRUE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":12500,"totalDisbursements":6016,"cashOnHand":6484},{"cmteId":"C00680132","cmteName":"TRIED-AND-TRUE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":68500,"totalDisbursements":70525.3,"cashOnHand":4458.72},{"cmteId":"C00680132","cmteName":"TRIED-AND-TRUE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":262650,"totalDisbursements":170764,"cashOnHand":96344.69},{"cmteId":"C00680132","cmteName":"TRIED-AND-TRUE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":531301,"totalDisbursements":548763.8,"cashOnHand":78881.88},{"cmteId":"C00680132","cmteName":"TRIED-AND-TRUE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":423650.3,"totalDisbursements":397048.2,"cashOnHand":105484}],"totalRaised":1298601.3,"totalSpent":1193117.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_P000613_kupf29","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $365,069 in itemized individual contributions, $297,568 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":365069,"buckets":{"$200 and under":1,"$200.01-$499":500,"$500-$999":8000,"$1000-$1999":59000,"$2000 and over":297568},"megaShare":81.5,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000613_y8gpxy","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jimmy Panetta campaign paid $380,223 to 28 surname-matched vendors, top: COUCH, SAMANTHA A","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta's campaign paid 94 disbursements totaling $380,223 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COUCH, SAMANTHA A","total":200553.06,"count":39,"samples":[{"payee":"COUCH, SAMANTHA A","amount":18681.24,"date":"2021-01-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COUCH, SAMANTHA A","amount":11815.56,"date":"2019-07-09","description":"INKIND FROM CANDIDATE: STAFF TIME, TESTING WATERS 1/31/19","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COUCH, SAMANTHA A","amount":10316.24,"date":"2019-07-09","description":"INKIND FROM CANDIDATE: STAFF TIME, TESTING WATERS 12/31/18","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COUCH, JULIE","total":63310.07,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"COUCH, JULIE","amount":3167.71,"date":"2005-11-30","description":"CONSULTING-ACCT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"COUCH, JULIE","amount":3167.71,"date":"2005-10-31","description":"CONSULTING-ACCT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"COUCH, JULIE","amount":3081.65,"date":"2005-09-30","description":"CONSULTING-ACCT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VAS PAYMENT CENTER C/O KEVIN PANETTA","total":12549.42,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"VAS PAYMENT CENTER C/O KEVIN PANETTA","amount":12549.42,"date":"2004-06-18","description":"TRAVEL - EXPENSE MIS","surnameMatched":"panetta","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COUCH, THEODORE","total":11710,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"COUCH, THEODORE","amount":11710,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COUCH, JOEY E MR","total":10500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"COUCH, JOEY E MR","amount":3500,"date":"2009-07-31","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"COUCH, JOEY E MR","amount":3500,"date":"2009-08-31","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"COUCH, JOEY E MR","amount":3500,"date":"2009-07-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COUCH, MARY CLAIRE","total":9750.8,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COUCH, MARY CLAIRE","amount":2610.64,"date":"2022-10-19","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COUCH, MARY CLAIRE","amount":2588.96,"date":"2022-07-21","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COUCH, MARY CLAIRE","amount":2354.65,"date":"2022-11-02","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"couch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=COUCH"]},{"id":"P47_P000613_Lake_Erie_College_of_Osteopath_119135","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2026-04-14 held a hearing titled \"Health Subcommittee Field Hearing on Modernized Health Care in Practice: Empowering Americans to Live Healthier Lives\". The witness Dr. Mark Kauffman (Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"119135","title":"Health Subcommittee Field Hearing on Modernized Health Care in Practice: Empowering Americans to Live Healthier Lives","date":"2026-04-14T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Mark Kauffman","witnessOrg":"Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119135"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL EMERGENCY MEDICINE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE / AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TX","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20EMERGENCY%20MEDICINE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%2F%20AMERICAN%20COLLEGE%20OF%20EMERGENCY%20PHYSICIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119135","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20EMERGENCY%20MEDICINE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%2F%20AMERICAN%20COLLEGE%20OF%20EMERGENCY%20PHYSICIANS"]},{"id":"P47_P000613_Information_Technology_and_Inn_119066","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Information Technology and Innovation Foundation testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade, which on 2026-03-17 held a hearing titled \"Advancing America’s Interests at the World Trade Organization’s 14th Ministerial Conference\". The witness Mr. Stephen Ezell (Information Technology and Innovation Foundation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade","eventId":"119066","title":"Advancing America’s Interests at the World Trade Organization’s 14th Ministerial Conference","date":"2026-03-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Stephen Ezell","witnessOrg":"Information Technology and Innovation Foundation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119066"},{"source":"donor","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119066","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_P000613_Information_Technology_Innovat_117675","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Information Technology & Innovation Foundation testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade, which on 2024-09-20 held a hearing titled \"Protecting American Innovation by Establishing and Enforcing Strong Digital Trade Rules\". The witness Robert Atkinson (Information Technology & Innovation Foundation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade","eventId":"117675","title":"Protecting American Innovation by Establishing and Enforcing Strong Digital Trade Rules","date":"2024-09-20T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Robert Atkinson","witnessOrg":"Information Technology & Innovation Foundation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117675"},{"source":"donor","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117675","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_P000613_Santa_Ynez_Band_of_Chumash_Ind_117293","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians testified before House Ways and Means — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Empowering Native American and Rural Communities\". The witness Kenneth Kahn (Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117293","title":"Empowering Native American and Rural Communities","date":"2024-05-10T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Kenneth Kahn","witnessOrg":"Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117293"},{"source":"donor","name":"EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=EASTERN%20BAND%20OF%20CHEROKEE%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117293","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=EASTERN%20BAND%20OF%20CHEROKEE%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_P000613_Information_Technology_Industr_116928","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Information Technology Industry Council testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Tax — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Tax, which on 2024-03-07 held a hearing titled \"OECD Pillar 1: Ensuring the Biden Administration Puts Americans First\". The witness Megan Funkhouser (Information Technology Industry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Tax","eventId":"116928","title":"OECD Pillar 1: Ensuring the Biden Administration Puts Americans First","date":"2024-03-07T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Megan Funkhouser","witnessOrg":"Information Technology Industry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116928"},{"source":"donor","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116928","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_P000613_Wake_Emergency_Physicians_Prof_116371","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Wake Emergency Physicians Professional Association testified before House Ways and Means — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2023-09-19 held a hearing titled \"Hearing on Reduced Care for Patients: Fallout From Flawed Implementation of Surprise Medical Billing Protections\". The witness Dr. Seth Bleier, MD (Wake Emergency Physicians Professional Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"116371","title":"Hearing on Reduced Care for Patients: Fallout From Flawed Implementation of Surprise Medical Billing Protections","date":"2023-09-19T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Seth Bleier, MD","witnessOrg":"Wake Emergency Physicians Professional Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116371"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL EMERGENCY MEDICINE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE / AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TX","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20EMERGENCY%20MEDICINE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%2F%20AMERICAN%20COLLEGE%20OF%20EMERGENCY%20PHYSICIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116371","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20EMERGENCY%20MEDICINE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20%2F%20AMERICAN%20COLLEGE%20OF%20EMERGENCY%20PHYSICIANS"]},{"id":"P47_P000613_National_Association_of_Profes_116290","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Professional Employer Organizations testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight, which on 2023-07-27 held a hearing titled \"The Employee Retention Tax Credit Experience: Confusion, Delays, and Fraud\". The witness Mr. Pat Cleary (National Association of Professional Employer Organizations) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight","eventId":"116290","title":"The Employee Retention Tax Credit Experience: Confusion, Delays, and Fraud","date":"2023-07-27T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Pat Cleary","witnessOrg":"National Association of Professional Employer Organizations","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116290"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYER ORGANIZATIONS PAC (NAPEO PAC)","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20PROFESSIONAL%20EMPLOYER%20ORGANIZATIONS%20PAC%20(NAPEO%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116290","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20PROFESSIONAL%20EMPLOYER%20ORGANIZATIONS%20PAC%20(NAPEO%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P61_P000613","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"43 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $289,000","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta received campaign contributions totaling $289,000 from 43 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 42 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($10,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); BLUE SHIELD OF CALIFORNIA ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":43,"totalDollars":289000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUE SHIELD OF CALIFORNIA PAC (SHIELD PAC)","ldaClient":"BLUE SHIELD OF CALIFORNIA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_P000613","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jimmy Panetta's campaign paid $17,549 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: VAS PAYMENT CENTER C/O KEVIN PANETTA ($12,549)","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $17,549 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: VAS PAYMENT CENTER C/O KEVIN PANETTA ($12,549 across 1 payments, services: TRAVEL - EXPENSE MIS). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":17549.42,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"VAS PAYMENT CENTER C/O KEVIN PANETTA","total":12549.42,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRAVEL - EXPENSE MIS"]},{"payee":"PANETTA INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DONATION"]}],"surname":"panetta"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6CA20152&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_P000613","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jimmy Panetta draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.5M PAC / $25.8M total)","explanation":"Jimmy Panetta's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.5M of $25.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.75,"pacSharePct":52.3,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6CA20152"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA20152/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000581":[{"id":"P2_G000581_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000581_3tirq8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE OPTIONS CLEARING CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from THE OPTIONS CLEARING CORPORATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE OPTIONS CLEARING CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000581_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000581_yalk3e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC (AFSA), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC (AFSA)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000581_mn9vw3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SYNCPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SYNCPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000581_q2ea70","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000581_lwgd1f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000581_cuqzt2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000581_u8cnsf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000581","http://gonzalez.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(American_politician)"]},{"id":"P6_G000581_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$966,989 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $966,989 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":966989,"oppose":0,"events":5},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P7_G000581_9missn","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,118,461 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,118,461 opposing this member across 143 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3118460.9,"totalSupport":1906860.0200000003,"events":143,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":2387672.16},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":309335.05},{"name":"NATIONAL HORIZON","oppose":111940},{"name":"BIENVENIDO ACTION PAC","oppose":74535.26000000001},{"name":"ENERGY SECURITY PAC","oppose":58410.340000000004}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000581_z0zxt4","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,557 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $66,557 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":66556.89,"oppose":0,"net":66556.89,"events":15,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":57736.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":6586.3099999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001706","name":"TEXAS STATE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":2045.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":188.83,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000581_6t0grd","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $287,825 / spent $154,479","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00660613","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR SOUTH TEXAS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":34500,"totalDisbursements":28740.4,"cashOnHand":5759.63},{"cmteId":"C00660613","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR SOUTH TEXAS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":81250,"totalDisbursements":25832.6,"cashOnHand":61177.04},{"cmteId":"C00660613","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR SOUTH TEXAS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":66075,"totalDisbursements":72897.4,"cashOnHand":54354.6},{"cmteId":"C00660613","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR SOUTH TEXAS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":106000,"totalDisbursements":27009,"cashOnHand":133345.6}],"totalRaised":287825,"totalSpent":154479.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000581_4sqbc4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Vicente Gonzalez campaign paid $6,816,518 to 81 surname-matched vendors, top: MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez's campaign paid 282 disbursements totaling $6,816,518 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","total":2163298.3200000003,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2024-04-16","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2024-04-05","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COMITE JENNIFER GONZALEZ COLON","total":900000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"COMITE JENNIFER GONZALEZ COLON","amount":750000,"date":"2023-09-26","description":"TRANSFER TO LOCAL COMITEE OF SAME CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COMITE JENNIFER GONZALEZ COLON","amount":100000,"date":"2023-10-31","description":"TRANSFER TO LOCAL COMITEE OF SAME CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COMITE JENNIFER GONZALEZ COLON","amount":50000,"date":"2024-02-27","description":"TRANSFER TO COMITE JENNIFFER GONZALEZ COMMITTEE IN PUERTO RICO","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARZIANI STEVENS & GONZALEZ PLLC","total":500000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARZIANI STEVENS & GONZALEZ PLLC","amount":500000,"date":"2025-08-14","description":"LEGAL FEE RETAINER","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","total":493866,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":61583,"date":"2008-11-03","description":"EXEMPT CAMPAIGN MATERIALS: MAIL","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":44563,"date":"2008-09-19","description":"PHONE BANKS FEA-VOTERID","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":35700,"date":"2008-10-07","description":"EXEMPT SLATE CARD PRINTING FEA-GOTV","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTINEZ - MARTINEZ LLC","total":213039.69999999998,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTINEZ - MARTINEZ LLC","amount":49240.75,"date":"2025-12-30","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MARTINEZ - MARTINEZ LLC","amount":30922.5,"date":"2025-04-18","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MARTINEZ - MARTINEZ LLC","amount":24372.4,"date":"2025-10-29","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","total":170000,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","amount":20000,"date":"2004-12-23","description":"GENERIC STRATEGIC POLITICAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","amount":20000,"date":"2004-11-16","description":"GENERIC STRATEGIC POLITICAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","amount":20000,"date":"2004-10-15","description":"GENERIC STRATEGIC POLITICAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARTINEZ%20AND%20PARTNERS%20LLC"]},{"id":"P29_G000581_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GONZALEZ, Vicente Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":402,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":10,"description":"Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":361,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":10,"description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":359,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":10,"description":"Pet and Livestock Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_G000581_tyt9c7","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ENERGY SECURITY PAC both supported ($11,754) and opposed ($58,410) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Vicente Gonzalez advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00722371","name":"ENERGY SECURITY PAC","support":11754.41,"oppose":58410.340000000004,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00722371/"]},{"id":"P36_G000581","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_G000581_Aspen_Institute_Financial_Secu_118624","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aspen Institute Financial Security Program testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Fraud in Focus: Exposing Financial Threats to American Families\". The witness Ms. Kate Griffin (Aspen Institute Financial Security Program) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118624","title":"Fraud in Focus: Exposing Financial Threats to American Families","date":"2025-09-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate Griffin","witnessOrg":"Aspen Institute Financial Security Program","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118624"},{"source":"donor","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118624","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_G000581_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=US%20ENERGY%20PAC%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20AMERICAN%20EXPLORATION%20%26%20PRODUCTION%20COUNCIL%2C%20INC.)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=US%20ENERGY%20PAC%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20AMERICAN%20EXPLORATION%20%26%20PRODUCTION%20COUNCIL%2C%20INC.)"]},{"id":"P58_G000581","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$67K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 87% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez received $66,556.89 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($57,736.45 = 87%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":66556.89,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2016":8631.609999999999,"2018":188.83,"2022":26303.56,"2024":32356.449999999997},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":57736.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":6586.3099999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001706","name":"TEXAS STATE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":2045.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001706/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":188.83,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000581","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $165,000","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez received campaign contributions totaling $165,000 from 26 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 26 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); HARBINGER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF HESS CORPOR ($10,000); CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP ($10,000); NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":26,"totalDollars":165000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HESS PAC)","ldaClient":"HARBINGER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF HESS CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","ldaClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000581","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $139,524 on 2021-08-19 (18.6× normal)","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $139,524 on 2021-08-19 — 18.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":228233,"maxRatio":18.6,"maxAmount":139524},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-08-19","amount":139524,"ratio":18.6,"baselineDaily":7511,"count":116,"cmteId":"C00592659","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00592659&min_date=2021-08-19&max_date=2021-08-19"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-06-29","amount":88709,"ratio":15.8,"baselineDaily":5601,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00592659","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00592659&min_date=2018-06-29&max_date=2018-06-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00592659/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00592659&min_date=2021-08-19&max_date=2021-08-19"]},{"id":"P78_G000581","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (9); hearing witness donor (2); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":9},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000581","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000581","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Vicente Gonzalez's campaign paid $1,679,179 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: MARZIANI STEVENS & GONZALEZ PLLC ($500,000)","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 49 payments totaling $1,679,179 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MARZIANI STEVENS & GONZALEZ PLLC ($500,000 across 1 payments, services: LEGAL FEE RETAINER). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1679179.1199999999,"paymentCount":49,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MARZIANI STEVENS & GONZALEZ PLLC","total":500000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEE RETAINER"]},{"payee":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","total":479509,"count":20,"descriptions":["EXEMPT CAMPAIGN MATERIALS: MAIL","PHONE BANKS FEA-VOTERID","EXEMPT SLATE CARD PRINTING FEA-GOTV"]},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","total":170000,"count":10,"descriptions":["GENERIC STRATEGIC POLITICAL SERVICES","GENERIC CMTE VOTER PROGRAM"]},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES MR.","total":138500,"count":4,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONSULTANT","CONSULTING","FIELD DIRECTOR - GET OUT THE VOTE IN PHONES CALLS AND BLOCKWALKING"]},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, JULIO","total":110000,"count":2,"descriptions":["LOAN REPAY","REPAY LOAN"]}],"surname":"gonzalez"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6TX15162&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_G000581","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Vicente Gonzalez draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.9M PAC / $28.4M total)","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.9M of $28.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.42,"pacSharePct":41.7,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6TX15162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX15162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000581","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Vicente Gonzalez's PAC funding concentrates 43% in Technology ($0.09M / $0.22M classified)","explanation":"Vicente Gonzalez's PAC donors concentrate 43% in the Technology industry — $0.09M of $0.22M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.09M · Oil & Gas $0.04M · Labor $0.02M · Finance $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.22,"concentrationPct":42.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.09,"Oil & Gas":0.04,"Labor":0.02,"Finance":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX15162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"G000601":[{"id":"P2_G000601_ggumz2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION-POLITICAL AC gave $24,358 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Craig Goldman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $24,358 from REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION-POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (RJC-, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION-POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (RJC-","total":24357.5,"count":4,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.legis.state.tx.us/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=851&LegCode=A2395","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000601","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=87R&LegCode=A2395"]},{"id":"P2_G000601_8t2jt8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENERGY TRANSFER EMPLOYEE MANAGEMENT COMP gave $15,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Craig Goldman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $15,000 from ENERGY TRANSFER EMPLOYEE MANAGEMENT COMPANY PAC (ENERGY TRAN, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENERGY TRANSFER EMPLOYEE MANAGEMENT COMPANY PAC (ENERGY TRAN","total":15000,"count":3,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.legis.state.tx.us/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=851&LegCode=A2395","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000601","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=87R&LegCode=A2395"]},{"id":"P2_G000601_rk4ejd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTI gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Craig Goldman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.legis.state.tx.us/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=851&LegCode=A2395","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000601","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=87R&LegCode=A2395"]},{"id":"P2_G000601_l19yqd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DIAMONDBACK ENERGY INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Craig Goldman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from DIAMONDBACK ENERGY INC. PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DIAMONDBACK ENERGY INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.legis.state.tx.us/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=851&LegCode=A2395","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000601","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=87R&LegCode=A2395"]},{"id":"P2_G000601_scw01t","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BASS BROTHERS ENTERPRISES INC. - POLITIC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Craig Goldman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from BASS BROTHERS ENTERPRISES INC. - POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BASS BROTHERS ENTERPRISES INC. - POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.legis.state.tx.us/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=851&LegCode=A2395","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000601","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=87R&LegCode=A2395"]},{"id":"P2_G000601_px0hjx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Craig Goldman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPO, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPO","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.legis.state.tx.us/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=851&LegCode=A2395","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000601","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=87R&LegCode=A2395"]},{"id":"P2_G000601_wwp267","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"BURK BURNETT INC PAC (BB INC PAC) gave $3,757 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Craig Goldman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,757 from BURK BURNETT INC PAC (BB INC PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BURK BURNETT INC PAC (BB INC PAC)","total":3756.75,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.legis.state.tx.us/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=851&LegCode=A2395","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000601","https://capitol.texas.gov/Committees/MembershipMbr.aspx?LegSess=87R&LegCode=A2395"]},{"id":"P6_G000601_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$725,091 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $725,091 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":725091.41,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_G000601_th5syl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$601,856 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE IN","explanation":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC. spent $601,856 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835967","name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","support":601855.5499999999,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835967/"]},{"id":"P9_G000601_lzt8hg","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,524 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $91,524 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":91523.85,"oppose":0,"net":91523.85,"events":4,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":91523.85,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000601_lwue0q","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $272,622 / spent $143,753","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00881268","cmteName":"GUARDING OUR LASTING DEMOCRACY (GOLD) PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":152114.9,"totalDisbursements":19750.9,"cashOnHand":132363.95},{"cmteId":"C00881268","cmteName":"GUARDING OUR LASTING DEMOCRACY (GOLD) PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":120507.1,"totalDisbursements":124002.5,"cashOnHand":128868.58}],"totalRaised":272622,"totalSpent":143753.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000601_lwd4ka","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -6%)","explanation":"Of $2,616,580 in itemized individual contributions, $1,914,400 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2616580,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-169715,"$200.01-$499":87169,"$500-$999":216866,"$1000-$1999":567860,"$2000 and over":1914400},"megaShare":73.2,"smallDonorShare":-6.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000601_35i8x6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,100 donation spike on 2024-03-22 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-22 this committee recorded $56,100 across 20 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,272.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00855528","date":"2024-03-22","amount":56100,"count":20,"baseline":6272,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855528/"]},{"id":"P15_G000601_35i8xc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,950 donation spike on 2024-03-28 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-28 this committee recorded $51,950 across 39 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,480.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00855528","date":"2024-03-28","amount":51950,"count":39,"baseline":7480,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855528/"]},{"id":"P19_G000601_jprkf7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Craig Goldman campaign paid $30,872,286 to 58 surname-matched vendors, top: GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","explanation":"Craig Goldman's campaign paid 177 disbursements totaling $30,872,286 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","total":12894540.570000002,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":6155860.02,"date":"2020-12-04","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":2079928.51,"date":"2020-12-11","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":1889366.58,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":272672.61,"date":"2016-08-01","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":269370.66,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":249489.71,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","total":2769673.8300000005,"count":27,"samples":[{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","amount":401114.17,"date":"2018-12-31","description":"CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","amount":348769.17,"date":"2020-03-31","description":"CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","amount":265509.32,"date":"2011-09-30","description":"DECREASE IN MARKET VALUE","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO","total":2026965.06,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO","amount":2000000,"date":"2008-05-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO","amount":26965.06,"date":"2008-05-15","description":"INTEREST","surnameMatched":"goldman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","total":1782400,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":584400,"date":"2016-03-21","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":300000,"date":"2016-03-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":284000,"date":"2016-03-09","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":623083.89,"date":"2004-09-24","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":484503.17,"date":"2004-12-09","description":"MAILING COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":449855.22,"date":"2005-08-05","description":"GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GEORGIANS%20FOR%20KELLY%20LOEFFLER"]},{"id":"P36_G000601","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Craig Goldman has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_G000601_International_Association_of_F_116121","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Association of Fire Fighters testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Craig Goldman sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-14 held a hearing titled \"Examining Proposals that Provide Access to Care for Patients and Support Research for Rare Diseases\". The witness Mr. Kevin O'Connor (International Association of Fire Fighters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116121","title":"Examining Proposals that Provide Access to Care for Patients and Support Research for Rare Diseases","date":"2023-06-14T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Kevin O'Connor","witnessOrg":"International Association of Fire Fighters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116121"},{"source":"donor","name":"HOUSTON FIRE FIGHTERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND INTERNATIONAL A","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TX","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HOUSTON%20FIRE%20FIGHTERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20FUND%20INTERNATIONAL%20A"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116121","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HOUSTON%20FIRE%20FIGHTERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20FUND%20INTERNATIONAL%20A"]},{"id":"P58_G000601","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$92K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Craig Goldman received $91,523.85 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($91,523.85 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":91523.85,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2024":91523.85},"corpCount":1},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":91523.85,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000601","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $143,957.5","explanation":"Craig Goldman received campaign contributions totaling $143,957.5 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION ($24,357.5); VALERO ENERGY ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA ($10,000); TEXAS AND SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE RAISERS ASSOC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":143957.5,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION-POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (RJC-","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION","donorTotal":24357.5,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMI","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA INC. POLI","ldaClient":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS AND SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE RAISERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"TEXAS AND SOUTHWESTERN CATTLE RAISERS ASSOC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_G000601","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Craig Goldman appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (7); ie support concentration (2); daily donation spike (2); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000601","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000601","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Craig Goldman's campaign paid $3,318,445 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. ($2,769,674)","explanation":"Craig Goldman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 46 payments totaling $3,318,445 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. ($2,769,674 across 27 payments, services: CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE · DECREASE IN MARKET VALUE · DECREASE IN VALUE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":3318444.8900000006,"paymentCount":46,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO.","total":2769673.8300000005,"count":27,"descriptions":["CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE","DECREASE IN MARKET VALUE","DECREASE IN VALUE"]},{"payee":"DOAK, CARRIER, O'DONNELL, WILKINSON, GOLDMAN & ASS","total":387375,"count":11,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","PRODUCTION","MEDIA CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"DAN GOLDMAN NEW YORK VICTORY","total":64000,"count":4,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"GOLDMAN, VIRGINIA","total":36000,"count":1,"descriptions":["GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GOLDMAN SACHS & CO","total":26965.06,"count":1,"descriptions":["INTEREST"]}],"surname":"goldman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4TX12065&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_G000601","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Craig Goldman's PAC funding concentrates 73% in Finance ($0.28M / $0.38M classified)","explanation":"Craig Goldman's PAC donors concentrate 73% in the Finance industry — $0.28M of $0.38M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.28M · Oil & Gas $0.04M · Real Estate $0.02M · Agriculture $0.02M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.28,"totalPacAmountM":0.38,"concentrationPct":72.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.28,"Oil & Gas":0.04,"Real Estate":0.02,"Agriculture":0.02,"Energy":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX12065/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"C001112":[{"id":"P2_C001112_71taea","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS (IAMAW), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS (IAMAW)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_1b3jhh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_y778dv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CROP INSURERS PA gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CROP INSURERS PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CROP INSURERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_bgehxp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELTA AIR LINES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Transportation (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DELTA AIR LINES PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELTA AIR LINES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_mm041d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WESTERN GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from WESTERN GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WESTERN GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_muodek","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L3HARRIS CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from L3HARRIS CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_ca17ss","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITI gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARAPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARAPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Telecom (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_nyuopa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPL gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HIIPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HIIPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $4,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P2_C001112_7ixxun","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL POLITI gave $4,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Salud Carbajal serves on committees regulating Telecom (Agriculture, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T/WARNERMEDIA FEDERAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T/WARNERMEDIA FEDERAL PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-salud-carbajal-2/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001112","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal"]},{"id":"P6_C001112_ufuuzo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$546,203 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ASSOCIATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS AND (also direct donor)","explanation":"ASSOCIATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS AND FIREFIGHTERS spent $546,203 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 391 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00622472","name":"ASSOCIATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS AND FIREFIGHTERS","support":546203.2899999996,"oppose":0,"events":391},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00622472/"]},{"id":"P6_C001112_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$454,884 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $454,884 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":454884.42,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_C001112_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$364,969 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $364,969 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":364968.93,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P7_C001112_ocyojo","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,490,994 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,490,994 opposing this member across 996 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1490993.93,"totalSupport":1683576.3000000005,"events":996,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1329430.64},{"name":"CITIZEN SUPER PAC","oppose":88975.19},{"name":"TRANSPARENCY IN GOVERNMENT PAC","oppose":72588.1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001112_btrhv4","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,270 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,270 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13270.4,"oppose":0,"net":13270.4,"events":31,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":7211.83,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":4818.74,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":448.53000000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006150","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 721 CTW CLC","support":275.93,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":125.83000000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001112_lwf2w1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,054,317 / spent $996,154","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00656132","cmteName":"SERVING OUR COUNTRY (SOC) PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":58525,"totalDisbursements":44463.3,"cashOnHand":14061.71},{"cmteId":"C00656132","cmteName":"SERVING OUR COUNTRY (SOC) PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":222460.6,"totalDisbursements":230157.5,"cashOnHand":6364.78},{"cmteId":"C00656132","cmteName":"SERVING OUR COUNTRY (SOC) PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":241081.4,"totalDisbursements":241145.3,"cashOnHand":6300.95},{"cmteId":"C00656132","cmteName":"SERVING OUR COUNTRY (SOC) PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":276985,"totalDisbursements":272163.5,"cashOnHand":11122.42},{"cmteId":"C00656132","cmteName":"SERVING OUR COUNTRY (SOC) PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":255264.8,"totalDisbursements":208224.8,"cashOnHand":58162.43}],"totalRaised":1054316.8,"totalSpent":996154.3999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001112_7xlhvc","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 3%)","explanation":"Of $9,222,285 in itemized individual contributions, $5,701,696 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":9222285,"buckets":{"$200 and under":237338,"$200.01-$499":387745,"$500-$999":1028318,"$1000-$1999":1867188,"$2000 and over":5701696},"megaShare":61.8,"smallDonorShare":2.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001112_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4821 employees of RETIRED gave $3,192,270 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4821× RETIRED = $3,192,270. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":4821,"total":3192270,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001112_xxk9qv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,400 donation spike on 2025-01-28 — 19× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-01-28 this committee recorded $98,400 across 31 contributions — 19× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,174.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00576041","date":"2025-01-28","amount":98400,"count":31,"baseline":5174,"ratio":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576041/"]},{"id":"P15_C001112_8a2f2x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,845 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $55,845 across 47 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,158.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00576041","date":"2015-09-30","amount":55845,"count":47,"baseline":8158,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576041/"]},{"id":"P15_C001112_41kyxm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,500 donation spike on 2019-02-21 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-02-21 this committee recorded $51,500 across 21 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,218.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00576041","date":"2019-02-21","amount":51500,"count":21,"baseline":6218,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576041/"]},{"id":"P15_C001112_7qruqu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,600 donation spike on 2023-02-17 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-02-17 this committee recorded $50,600 across 19 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,309.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00576041","date":"2023-02-17","amount":50600,"count":19,"baseline":7309,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576041/"]},{"id":"P19_C001112_swnlf9","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Salud Carbajal campaign paid $351,016 to 21 surname-matched vendors, top: COONEY, JOHN M","explanation":"Salud Carbajal's campaign paid 56 disbursements totaling $351,016 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COONEY, JOHN M","total":111679.74000000002,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"COONEY, JOHN M","amount":7000,"date":"2010-03-31","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"COONEY, JOHN M","amount":7000,"date":"2010-12-31","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"COONEY, JOHN M","amount":7000,"date":"2010-12-13","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COONEY, SCULLY AND DOWLING ATTORNEYS AT LAW","total":45000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"COONEY, SCULLY AND DOWLING ATTORNEYS AT LAW","amount":15000,"date":"2020-11-04","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COONEY, SCULLY AND DOWLING ATTORNEYS AT LAW","amount":7500,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COONEY, SCULLY AND DOWLING ATTORNEYS AT LAW","amount":7500,"date":"2020-08-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARBAJAL LAW,PLLC","total":32796,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"CARBAJAL LAW,PLLC","amount":5466,"date":"2009-09-08","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"carbajal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CARBAJAL LAW,PLLC","amount":5466,"date":"2009-08-03","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"carbajal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CARBAJAL LAW,PLLC","amount":5466,"date":"2009-07-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"carbajal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COONEY, SCULLY & DOWLING","total":32079.89,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"COONEY, SCULLY & DOWLING","amount":27079.89,"date":"2012-11-26","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"COONEY, SCULLY & DOWLING","amount":5000,"date":"2012-09-21","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARBAJAL, SUSANA","total":25000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CARBAJAL, SUSANA","amount":12500,"date":"2008-09-11","description":"CONVENTION CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"carbajal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CARBAJAL, SUSANA","amount":12500,"date":"2008-09-04","description":"CONVENTION CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"carbajal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COONEY III, JOHN","total":15159.16,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COONEY III, JOHN","amount":4052.08,"date":"2006-12-19","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"COONEY III, JOHN","amount":4052.08,"date":"2006-11-28","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"COONEY III, JOHN","amount":4000,"date":"2003-12-17","description":"BONUS","surnameMatched":"cooney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=COONEY"]},{"id":"P36_C001112","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Salud Carbajal has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_C001112","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $140,158.86","explanation":"Salud Carbajal received campaign contributions totaling $140,158.86 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); WINE INSTITUTE ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CROP INSURERS (AACI) ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":140158.86,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE - UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WINE INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"WINE INSTITUTE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CROP INSURERS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CROP INSURERS (AACI)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001112","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $98,400 on 2025-01-28 (19.0× normal)","explanation":"Salud Carbajal's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $98,400 on 2025-01-28 — 19.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":98400,"maxRatio":19,"maxAmount":98400},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-01-28","amount":98400,"ratio":19,"baselineDaily":5174,"count":31,"cmteId":"C00576041","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00576041&min_date=2025-01-28&max_date=2025-01-28"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576041/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00576041&min_date=2025-01-28&max_date=2025-01-28"]},{"id":"P78_C001112","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 27 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Salud Carbajal appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 27 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (11); daily donation spike (4); ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":27,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":11},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001112","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_C001112","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Salud Carbajal's campaign paid $57,796 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: CARBAJAL LAW,PLLC ($32,796)","explanation":"Salud Carbajal's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 8 payments totaling $57,796 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CARBAJAL LAW,PLLC ($32,796 across 6 payments, services: LEGAL CONSULTING FEES · LEGAL SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":57796,"paymentCount":8,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CARBAJAL LAW,PLLC","total":32796,"count":6,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING FEES","LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"CARBAJAL, SUSANA","total":25000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONVENTION CONSULTANT"]}],"surname":"carbajal"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6CA24303&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"M001222":[{"id":"P2_M001222_m3scpj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Max Miller serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Foreign Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.conference-board.org/bio/pdfbio.cfm?bioid=23308","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001222","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Miller_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001222_6p8pfp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Max Miller serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Finance, Healthcare, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION L..., a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION L...","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Foreign Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.conference-board.org/bio/pdfbio.cfm?bioid=23308","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001222","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Miller_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001222_tgc0dx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Max Miller serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Healthcare, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Foreign Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Healthcare","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.conference-board.org/bio/pdfbio.cfm?bioid=23308","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001222","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Miller_(politician)"]},{"id":"P6_M001222_tw29kz","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$430,700 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protecting Our Conservative Values PAC","explanation":"Protecting Our Conservative Values PAC spent $430,700 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00772491","name":"Protecting Our Conservative Values PAC","support":430699.88,"oppose":29810,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772491/"]},{"id":"P19_M001222_dlzunj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Max Miller campaign paid $8,707,452 to 47 surname-matched vendors, top: RINDY MILLER MEDIA","explanation":"Max Miller's campaign paid 155 disbursements totaling $8,707,452 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","total":1484730.24,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":182000,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":169012.44,"date":"2021-12-15","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":154500,"date":"2022-09-14","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER","total":653500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER","amount":187000,"date":"2008-10-10","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER","amount":166000,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER","amount":150500,"date":"2008-10-03","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","total":500025,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","amount":245831.11,"date":"2016-04-08","description":"LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","amount":150000,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","amount":54193.89,"date":"2016-04-08","description":"LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","total":385472.88,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","amount":200000,"date":"2012-05-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","amount":185472.88,"date":"2012-05-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RINDY%20MILLER%20MEDIA"]},{"id":"P25_M001222_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of PAC dollars ($668,264) come from Party industry","explanation":"Max Miller receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":668264.4999999999,"share":73.5,"totalPAC":909465.6099999999,"pacCount":35},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":668264.4999999999,"share":73.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":78200,"share":8.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":34800,"share":3.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":25000,"share":2.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_M001222_tw29kz","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Protecting Our Conservative Values PAC both supported ($430,700) and opposed ($29,810) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Max Miller advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00772491","name":"Protecting Our Conservative Values PAC","support":430699.88,"oppose":29810,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772491/"]},{"id":"P47_M001222_The_Home_Depot_117588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Max Miller sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-08-16 held a hearing titled \"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest\". The witness Karen Dewalt (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117588","title":"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest","date":"2024-08-16T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Karen Dewalt","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_M001222","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $112,360.5","explanation":"Max Miller received campaign contributions totaling $112,360.5 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION ($29,800); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($28,200); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":112360.5,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION-PAC (RJC-PAC)","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION","donorTotal":29800,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":28200,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. PAC)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001222","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $84,080 on 2021-06-30 (11.8× normal)","explanation":"Max Miller's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $84,080 on 2021-06-30 — 11.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":84080,"maxRatio":11.8,"maxAmount":84080},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-30","amount":84080,"ratio":11.8,"baselineDaily":7130,"count":79,"cmteId":"C00770818","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00770818&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770818/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00770818&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"]},{"id":"P90_M001222","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Max Miller's campaign paid $4,948,212 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: RINDY MILLER MEDIA ($2,026,534)","explanation":"Max Miller's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 39 payments totaling $4,948,212 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: RINDY MILLER MEDIA ($2,026,534 across 11 payments, services: MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING · MEDIA BUYS · ADVERTISING TIME BUY). Cycles covered: 2004, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":4948211.72,"paymentCount":39,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"descriptions":["MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUYS","ADVERTISING TIME BUY"]},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER","total":653500,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","total":500025,"count":4,"descriptions":["LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MILLER, CATHERINE K","total":310049.17,"count":5,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"JOE MILLER FOR US SENATE","total":298571,"count":4,"descriptions":["TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS-SEE MEMOS","TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS"]}],"surname":"miller"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OH16051&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P188_M001222","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Max Miller — 21 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Max Miller disclosed 21 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":46,"noTickerTrades":21}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001222_GLAS FUNDS, LP","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Max Miller — 14 disclosed trades in single ticker GLAS FUNDS, LP","explanation":"Max Miller traded GLAS FUNDS, LP on 14 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the GLAS FUNDS, LP trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"GLAS FUNDS, LP","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"B000490":[{"id":"P2_B000490_vs2ej6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL. LEAGUE OF T gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Sanford Bishop serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL. LEAGUE OF THE INT. ASSOC. OF MACHINISTS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL. LEAGUE OF THE INT. ASSOC. OF MACHINISTS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://bishop.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://sanfordbishop.com/about/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford_Bishop"]},{"id":"P2_B000490_ai1m68","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GLOBAL PAYMENTS, INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sanford Bishop serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from GLOBAL PAYMENTS, INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GLOBAL PAYMENTS, INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://bishop.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://sanfordbishop.com/about/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford_Bishop"]},{"id":"P2_B000490_bkmssj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AFLAC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AFLAC  gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Sanford Bishop serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AFLAC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AFLAC PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AFLAC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AFLAC PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://bishop.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://sanfordbishop.com/about/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford_Bishop"]},{"id":"P2_B000490_cqvwc9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Sanford Bishop serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://bishop.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://sanfordbishop.com/about/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford_Bishop"]},{"id":"P2_B000490_e51iba","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP. FUND FOR EFFECTI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sanford Bishop serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP. FUND FOR EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP. FUND FOR EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://bishop.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://sanfordbishop.com/about/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford_Bishop"]},{"id":"P6_B000490_x91pen","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$799,978 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Michigan Republican Party","explanation":"Michigan Republican Party spent $799,978 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 37 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00041160","name":"Michigan Republican Party","support":799978.0000000002,"oppose":0,"events":37}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00041160/"]},{"id":"P6_B000490_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$511,470 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $511,470 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":511469.7700000001,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_B000490_wrw68r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$289,101 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Congressional Black Caucus PAC","explanation":"Congressional Black Caucus PAC spent $289,101 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00147512","name":"Congressional Black Caucus PAC","support":289100.91000000003,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00147512/"]},{"id":"P7_B000490_m1jfxn","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $11,987,134 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $11,987,134 opposing this member across 1871 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":11987133.559999993,"totalSupport":3165678.090000002,"events":1871,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":4078932.25},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":3197029.55},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":1192958.7199999997},{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":858066.78},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":855817.9}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B000490_s1g2vu","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,290 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 10 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $124,290 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":124290,"events":10,"byYear":{"2010":2950,"2020":121340},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30002950","name":"STAND UP REPUBLIC INC","total":121340,"events":7},{"cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":2950,"events":3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B000490_qf8sk5","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$182,707 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $182,707 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":182961.68000000002,"oppose":255.13,"net":182706.55000000002,"events":131,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":46082.87000000001,"oppose":255.13,"types":["DM","TP","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":36362.82,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":24681.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":22380,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":17477.22,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B000490_e0drm8","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $902,763 / spent $797,641","explanation":"This member sponsors 19 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00452748","cmteName":"GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT (GOLD PAC)","year":"2010","totalReceipts":38050,"totalDisbursements":32536.7,"cashOnHand":7517.95},{"cmteId":"C00452771","cmteName":"PIONEER PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":16382.4,"totalDisbursements":18500,"cashOnHand":5617},{"cmteId":"C00452748","cmteName":"GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT (GOLD PAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":31000,"totalDisbursements":35957,"cashOnHand":2560.92},{"cmteId":"C00452771","cmteName":"PIONEER PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":8500,"totalDisbursements":10350,"cashOnHand":3767.85},{"cmteId":"C00505636","cmteName":"BISHOP PAC BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE HARNESSING OUR PRIORITIES","year":"2012","totalReceipts":93550,"totalDisbursements":93158.9,"cashOnHand":391.15}],"totalRaised":902763.2000000001,"totalSpent":797640.7000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_B000490_3ulyoi","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100% of itemized donations from outside GA","explanation":"Only $0 of $65,274 itemized individual contributions came from GA. The rest — $65,274 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"GA","homeStateTotal":0,"outOfStateTotal":65274,"outOfStateShare":100,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"FL331","amount":8600},{"stateZip3":"FL347","amount":5600},{"stateZip3":"SC294","amount":5450},{"stateZip3":"SC299","amount":4850},{"stateZip3":"PA191","amount":2800}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B000490_hr5k85","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sanford Bishop campaign paid $2,543,355 to 39 surname-matched vendors, top: ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","explanation":"Sanford Bishop's campaign paid 109 disbursements totaling $2,543,355 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","total":355804.68000000005,"count":26,"samples":[{"payee":"ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","amount":21935.53,"date":"2021-03-31","description":"DONOR DATABASE MANAGEMENT, CAGING AND ESCROW, DIRECT MAIL SERVICES, FUNDRAISING, LIST ACQUISITION &","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","amount":20081.98,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"DONOR DATABASE MANAGEMENT, CAGING AND ESCROW, DIRECT MAIL SERVICES, FUNDRAISING, LIST ACQUISITION &","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","amount":17657.71,"date":"2020-08-31","description":"DONOR DATABASE MANAGEMENT, CAGING AND ESCROW, DIRECT MAIL SERVICES, FUNDRAISING, LIST ACQUISITION &","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BISHOP PRODUCTION INC.","total":317309.2,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"BISHOP PRODUCTION INC.","amount":139400,"date":"2004-05-07","description":"TV BUY","surnameMatched":"bishop","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BISHOP PRODUCTION INC.","amount":80134,"date":"2004-03-12","description":"TELEVISION ADS","surnameMatched":"bishop","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BISHOP PRODUCTION INC.","amount":43953,"date":"2004-04-10","description":"TELEVISION ADS","surnameMatched":"bishop","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP","total":309468.88,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP","amount":197711.25,"date":"2004-11-09","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP","amount":50000,"date":"2004-09-24","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP","amount":41597.94,"date":"2006-02-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BISHOP, JAMES DANIEL","total":250000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"BISHOP, JAMES DANIEL","amount":75000,"date":"2019-10-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"bishop","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BISHOP, JAMES DANIEL","amount":75000,"date":"2019-11-04","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"bishop","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BISHOP, JAMES DANIEL","amount":50000,"date":"2020-02-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"bishop","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS","total":208709.98,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS","amount":60258.57,"date":"2013-09-20","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS","amount":25000,"date":"2004-10-26","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS","amount":25000,"date":"2003-03-16","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RIVES ELLIS, JENNA","total":138258.98,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RIVES ELLIS, JENNA","amount":138258.98,"date":"2020-10-02","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ELLIS%20CROW%20SOLUTIONS"]},{"id":"P35_B000490_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee both supported ($80,927) and opposed ($4,078,932) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sanford Bishop advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":80927,"oppose":4078932.25,"events":35}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P36_B000490","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Sanford Bishop has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_B000490_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_119152","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sanford Bishop sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2026-04-16 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"119152","title":"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA","date":"2026-04-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES PEANUT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (US PEANUT PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20PEANUT%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(US%20PEANUT%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20PEANUT%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(US%20PEANUT%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_B000490_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_118241","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sanford Bishop sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2025-05-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"118241","title":"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard","date":"2025-05-14T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES PEANUT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (US PEANUT PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20PEANUT%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(US%20PEANUT%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20PEANUT%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(US%20PEANUT%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_B000490_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Sanford Bishop sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P58_B000490","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$183K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 25% from AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","explanation":"Sanford Bishop received $182,961.68 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE ($46,082.87 = 25%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":182961.68000000002,"oppose":255.13,"byYear":{"2010":63022.61000000001,"2012":66597.82,"2014":40800.16,"2018":285.73,"2020":16566.52,"2022":230743.86000000002},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":46082.87000000001,"oppose":255.13,"types":["DM","TP","O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":36362.82,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":24681.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":22380,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":17477.22,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_B000490","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"40 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $245,000","explanation":"Sanford Bishop received campaign contributions totaling $245,000 from 40 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 40 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); WITH HONOR ACTION, INC. ($10,000); FLORIDA FRUIT AND VEGETABLE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); GLOBAL PAYMENTS INC. ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":40,"totalDollars":245000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WITH HONOR PAC","ldaClient":"WITH HONOR ACTION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FRUIT & VEGETABLE PAC","ldaClient":"FLORIDA FRUIT AND VEGETABLE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GLOBAL PAYMENTS, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"GLOBAL PAYMENTS INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_B000490","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 21 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Sanford Bishop appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 21 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (5); ie support concentration (3); hearing witness donor (3); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":21,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B000490","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_B000490","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sanford Bishop named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Sanford Bishop appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Sanford Bishop, Jr.","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-14-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Sanford Bishop","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-11-2/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-14-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-11-2/"]},{"id":"P90_B000490","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sanford Bishop's campaign paid $407,060 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: BISHOP & ASSOCIATES ($134,090)","explanation":"Sanford Bishop's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 23 payments totaling $407,060 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BISHOP & ASSOCIATES ($134,090 across 8 payments, services: MEDIA - TELEVISION · SPECIAL MEDIA PROJECT · PRODUCTION DEPOSIT FOR TV SPOTS). Cycles covered: 2006, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":407059.75,"paymentCount":23,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BISHOP & ASSOCIATES","total":134090,"count":8,"descriptions":["MEDIA - TELEVISION","SPECIAL MEDIA PROJECT","PRODUCTION DEPOSIT FOR TV SPOTS"]},{"payee":"BISHOP LUDDEN HIGH SCHOOL","total":116000,"count":4,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"BISHOP, CHARLES","total":34700,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"BISHOP INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY","total":33000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SITE RENTAL"]},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR BISHOP","total":25000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"bishop"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2GA02031&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_B000490","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sanford Bishop named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: DAN BISHOP VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Sanford Bishop appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: DAN BISHOP VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00708560, $1.2M receipts, treasurer ELLIS, AMY). Active years: 3, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.17,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00708560","name":"DAN BISHOP VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1165788.1400000001,"treasurer":"ELLIS, AMY","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00708560/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00708560/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00708560/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_B000490","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sanford Bishop ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.9M across 36 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Sanford Bishop's FEC-bulk record shows $24.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 36 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $40.1M (PAC: $24.9M, individual: $14.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":40.08,"lifetimeIndividualM":14.35,"cycleCount":36,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2GA02031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA02031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_B000490","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sanford Bishop draws 62% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.9M PAC / $40.1M total)","explanation":"Sanford Bishop's FEC-bulk record shows 62% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.9M of $40.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":40.08,"pacSharePct":62.1,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H2GA02031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA02031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_B000490","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sanford Bishop triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Sanford Bishop accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_B000490","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sanford Bishop operates 4 distinct leadership PACs ($0.9M combined receipts)","explanation":"Sanford Bishop operates 4 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.9M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT (GOLD PAC) (C00452748) · PIONEER PAC (C00452771) · BISHOP PAC BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE HARNESSING OUR PRIORITIES (C00505636) · TAR HEEL PROSPERITY PAC (C00737064).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.9,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00452748","cmteName":"GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT (GOLD PAC)"},{"cmteId":"C00452771","cmteName":"PIONEER PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00505636","cmteName":"BISHOP PAC BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE HARNESSING OUR PRIORITIES"},{"cmteId":"C00737064","cmteName":"TAR HEEL PROSPERITY PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00452748/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00452771/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00505636/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00737064/"]},{"id":"P158_B000490","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sanford Bishop ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,319 cosponsored, 143 sponsored","explanation":"Sanford Bishop's congress.gov record shows 6,319 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6319,"sponsoredCount":143,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/sanford-d.-bishop,-jr./B000490","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"S001185":[{"id":"P2_S001185_o7bxr4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE AS gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_7ksqkx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL VENTURE CAPITAL ASSOCIATION VEN gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL VENTURE CAPITAL ASSOCIATION VENTUREPAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL VENTURE CAPITAL ASSOCIATION VENTUREPAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_cuqzt2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL  gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $10,000 from REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_6zxyrv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $10,000 from ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_c0xhpc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITIC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_wf6p8i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF TH gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF THE INT'L AS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POL LEAGUE OF THE INT'L AS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_d7nnyl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES INC. POLITICAL ACT gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_yu8x1k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_3kag7f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_gkwmub","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL HEALTH RACQUET & SPORTSCLU gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL HEALTH RACQUET & SPORTSCLUB ASSOCIATION PAC (IHRSAPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL HEALTH RACQUET & SPORTSCLUB ASSOCIATION PAC (IHRSAPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_v5nr1m","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_y92ulz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_h87bet","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_ins7s7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMP gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_xay1a5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ASSOC. OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRA gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from ASSOC. OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ASSOC. OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_w1hafe","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P2_S001185_5aloim","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES, INC. PAC (MM gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Terri Sewell serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology) and received $5,000 from MARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES, INC. PAC (MMCPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES, INC. PAC (MMCPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://sewell.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/node/242","http://stateofblackamerica.org/index.php/authors/terri-sewell"]},{"id":"P6_S001185_ud4hi2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$297,434 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AUTISM HEAR US NOW PAC","explanation":"AUTISM HEAR US NOW PAC spent $297,434 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 567 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00671685","name":"AUTISM HEAR US NOW PAC","support":297434.4500000001,"oppose":0,"events":567}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00671685/"]},{"id":"P7_S001185_kkfij7","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,716,875 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,716,875 opposing this member across 594 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3716875.49,"totalSupport":505370.29000000004,"events":594,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":3716875.49}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001185_ul8j5m","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,463,770 / spent $1,415,253","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00525030","cmteName":"TOGETHER EVERYONE REALIZES REAL IMPACT AKA TERRI PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":11000,"totalDisbursements":2693,"cashOnHand":8334.41},{"cmteId":"C00525030","cmteName":"TOGETHER EVERYONE REALIZES REAL IMPACT AKA TERRI PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":95669,"totalDisbursements":79659.4,"cashOnHand":24344.01},{"cmteId":"C00525030","cmteName":"TOGETHER EVERYONE REALIZES REAL IMPACT AKA TERRI PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":156253.1,"totalDisbursements":106785.7,"cashOnHand":73811.45},{"cmteId":"C00525030","cmteName":"TOGETHER EVERYONE REALIZES REAL IMPACT AKA TERRI PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":229987.9,"totalDisbursements":262434.6,"cashOnHand":41364.84},{"cmteId":"C00525030","cmteName":"TOGETHER EVERYONE REALIZES REAL IMPACT AKA TERRI PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":252534.8,"totalDisbursements":216919.6,"cashOnHand":76980.03}],"totalRaised":1463770.3,"totalSpent":1415253.2999999998}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001185_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Terri Sewell executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-04-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-04-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Incarcerated People's Communications Services; Implementation of the Martha Wright-Reed Act; Rates for Interstate Inmate","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Incarcerated People's Communications Services; Implementation of the Martha Wright-Reed Act; Rates for Interstate Inmate","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001185_2sfssw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Terri Sewell campaign paid $73,362 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: SEWELL, JOHN BANKS","explanation":"Terri Sewell's campaign paid 11 disbursements totaling $73,362 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SEWELL, JOHN BANKS","total":16259.11,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SEWELL, JOHN BANKS","amount":8252.59,"date":"2016-11-10","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sewell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SEWELL, JOHN BANKS","amount":8006.52,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"EVENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sewell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JEFFREY SEWELL / AMERICAN EXPRESS","total":11325.76,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JEFFREY SEWELL / AMERICAN EXPRESS","amount":11325.76,"date":"2013-02-13","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sewell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SEWELL, TERRI A.","total":10000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SEWELL, TERRI A.","amount":5000,"date":"2013-11-26","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"sewell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SEWELL, TERRI A.","amount":5000,"date":"2023-11-24","description":"","surnameMatched":"sewell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SEWELL, NANCY GARDNER","total":8132.65,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SEWELL, NANCY GARDNER","amount":8132.65,"date":"2010-08-17","description":"REIMBURSEMENT FOR GET-OUT-THE-VOTE ACTIVITIES.","surnameMatched":"sewell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SEWELL, COLLIN","total":5800,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SEWELL, COLLIN","amount":5800,"date":"2021-03-29","description":"REFUND: CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"sewell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JEFFREY SEWELL CONSULTANCY","total":5644.77,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JEFFREY SEWELL CONSULTANCY","amount":5644.77,"date":"2008-02-13","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"sewell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SEWELL"]},{"id":"P36_S001185","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 25 total findings","explanation":"Terri Sewell has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":25,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_S001185_Community_Oncology_Alliance_118120","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Terri Sewell sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"Lowering Costs for Patients: The Health of the Biosimilar Market\". The witness Dr. Debra Patt (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118120","title":"Lowering Costs for Patients: The Health of the Biosimilar Market","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Debra Patt","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118120"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY ALLIANCE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118120","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001185_Compassion_Home_Health_Care_118003","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Compassion Home Health Care testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Terri Sewell sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"After the Hospital: Ensuring Access to Quality Post-Acute Care\". The witness Dr. Dana Madison (Compassion Home Health Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118003","title":"After the Hospital: Ensuring Access to Quality Post-Acute Care","date":"2025-03-11T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Dana Madison","witnessOrg":"Compassion Home Health Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118003"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HEALTH%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118003","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HEALTH%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001185_The_Home_Depot_117588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Terri Sewell sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-08-16 held a hearing titled \"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest\". The witness Karen Dewalt (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117588","title":"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest","date":"2024-08-16T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Karen Dewalt","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001185_Duly_Health_Care_117466","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Duly Health & Care testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Terri Sewell sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2024-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Improving Value-Based Care for Patients and Providers\". The witness Dr. Matthew Philip (Duly Health & Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"117466","title":"Improving Value-Based Care for Patients and Providers","date":"2024-06-26T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Matthew Philip","witnessOrg":"Duly Health & Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117466"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HEALTH%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117466","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HEALTH%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001185_Virginia_Institute_for_Public__115487","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Virginia Institute for Public Policy testified before House Administration Subcommittee on Elections — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Terri Sewell sits on House Administration Subcommittee on Elections, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"“2022 Midterms Look Back Series: Election Observer Access”\". The witness Ms. Lynn Taylor (Virginia Institute for Public Policy) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Administration Subcommittee on Elections","eventId":"115487","title":"“2022 Midterms Look Back Series: Election Observer Access”","date":"2023-03-23T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Lynn Taylor","witnessOrg":"Virginia Institute for Public Policy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115487"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20INSTITUTE%20OF%20CERTIFIED%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTANTS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115487","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20INSTITUTE%20OF%20CERTIFIED%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTANTS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001185_Community_Oncology_Alliance_115891","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Terri Sewell sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Examining Policies that Inhibit Innovation and Patient Access\". The witness Mr. Ted Okon (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"115891","title":"Examining Policies that Inhibit Innovation and Patient Access","date":"2023-05-10T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ted Okon","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115891"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY ALLIANCE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115891","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001185_Independence_Blue_Cross_119201","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Independence Blue Cross testified before House Ways and Means — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Terri Sewell sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2026-04-21 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee Hearing on Protecting Patients and Taxpayers: Cracking Down on Medicare Fraud\". The witness Mr. Christopher Deery (Independence Blue Cross) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"119201","title":"Full Committee Hearing on Protecting Patients and Taxpayers: Cracking Down on Medicare Fraud","date":"2026-04-21T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Christopher Deery","witnessOrg":"Independence Blue Cross","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119201"},{"source":"donor","name":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF ALABAMA PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20ALABAMA%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119201","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20ALABAMA%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_S001185","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"60 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $365,000","explanation":"Terri Sewell received campaign contributions totaling $365,000 from 60 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 60 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); VENTURE QUEST CAPITAL PARTNERS ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":60,"totalDollars":365000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL VENTURE CAPITAL ASSOCIATION VENTUREPAC","ldaClient":"VENTURE QUEST CAPITAL PARTNERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S001185","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Terri Sewell's campaign paid $33,230 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: SEWELL, JOHN BANKS ($16,259)","explanation":"Terri Sewell's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $33,230 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SEWELL, JOHN BANKS ($16,259 across 2 payments, services: EVENT CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":33229.64,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SEWELL, JOHN BANKS","total":16259.11,"count":2,"descriptions":["EVENT CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"JEFFREY SEWELL / AMERICAN EXPRESS","total":11325.76,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"JEFFREY SEWELL CONSULTANCY","total":5644.77,"count":1,"descriptions":["TELEMARKETING"]}],"surname":"sewell"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0AL07086&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_S001185","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Terri Sewell ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $23.3M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Terri Sewell's FEC-bulk record shows $23.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $34.0M (PAC: $23.3M, individual: $10.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":23.25,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.03,"lifetimeIndividualM":10.59,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0AL07086"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AL07086/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001185","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Terri Sewell draws 68% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($23.3M PAC / $34.0M total)","explanation":"Terri Sewell's FEC-bulk record shows 68% of lifetime campaign receipts ($23.3M of $34.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":23.25,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.03,"pacSharePct":68.3,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0AL07086"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AL07086/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_S001185","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Terri Sewell's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Finance ($0.04M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"Terri Sewell's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Finance industry — $0.04M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.04M · Healthcare $0.02M · Technology $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":40,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.04,"Healthcare":0.02,"Technology":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AL07086/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001185","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Terri Sewell triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Terri Sewell accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":13}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P195_S001185","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Terri Sewell — DW-NOMINATE -0.40 vs AL delegation mean 0.22 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Terri Sewell's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.40) is 1.6 standard deviations from the AL delegation mean (0.22). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"AL","memberScore":-0.402,"delegationMean":0.21818181818181823,"zscore":"1.64"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"D000634":[{"id":"P2_D000634_46e0mg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NORTH DAKOTA PETROLEUM COUNCIL INC. FEDE gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Downing serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Real Estate, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from NORTH DAKOTA PETROLEUM COUNCIL INC. FEDERAL PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NORTH DAKOTA PETROLEUM COUNCIL INC. FEDERAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.modernstoragemedia.com/msm-exclusives/born-to-serve-storage-ceo-congressman-troy-downing","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_Downing","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000634"]},{"id":"P2_D000634_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Troy Downing serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.modernstoragemedia.com/msm-exclusives/born-to-serve-storage-ceo-congressman-troy-downing","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_Downing","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000634"]},{"id":"P6_D000634_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$509,959 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $509,959 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":509959.16,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P10_D000634_429urk","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $111,468 / spent $111,273","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00880724","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE SERVICE ACTION RESULTS (CSAR) PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":47489.5,"totalDisbursements":37817.2,"cashOnHand":9672.28},{"cmteId":"C00880724","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE SERVICE ACTION RESULTS (CSAR) PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":63978.9,"totalDisbursements":73455.5,"cashOnHand":195.68}],"totalRaised":111468.4,"totalSpent":111272.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_D000634_yxy2tp","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 3%)","explanation":"Of $1,726,643 in itemized individual contributions, $1,108,379 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1726643,"buckets":{"$200 and under":53563,"$200.01-$499":113746,"$500-$999":164211,"$1000-$1999":286744,"$2000 and over":1108379},"megaShare":64.2,"smallDonorShare":3.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000634_uiriop","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,462 donation spike on 2024-08-30 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-30 this committee recorded $58,462 across 45 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,555.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00855288","date":"2024-08-30","amount":58462,"count":45,"baseline":4555,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855288/"]},{"id":"P19_D000634_o4671","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Troy Downing campaign paid $3,072,863 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","explanation":"Troy Downing's campaign paid 227 disbursements totaling $3,072,863 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","total":293047.51,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","amount":21826,"date":"2007-05-30","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","amount":21716,"date":"2007-05-14","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","amount":17584,"date":"2008-01-02","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","total":115347.09000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":36406.63,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2008-04-10","description":"GENERIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":26018.33,"date":"2025-08-06","description":"POLITICAL FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOWNING STRATEGY & SOLUTIONS LLC","total":40649.44,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DOWNING STRATEGY & SOLUTIONS LLC","amount":35424.01,"date":"2024-11-01","description":"ADVANCE SERVICES/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DOWNING STRATEGY & SOLUTIONS LLC","amount":5225.43,"date":"2023-05-02","description":"NON-FEDERAL DISB - ADVANCE CONSULTING/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUCKABY%20DAVIS%20LISKER"]},{"id":"P25_D000634_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of PAC dollars ($404,092) come from Party industry","explanation":"Troy Downing receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":404091.87,"share":60.6,"totalPAC":667065.23,"pacCount":31},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":404091.87,"share":60.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":101436.1,"share":15.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":53845,"share":8.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":22692.260000000002,"share":3.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000634","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Troy Downing has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_D000634_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_D000634_American_Property_Casualty_Ins_118913","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Property Casualty Insurance Association testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2026-02-03 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing titled: “Fix Our Forests: The Need for Urgent Action One Year After the L.A. Wildfires”\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property Casualty Insurance Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118913","title":"Oversight Hearing titled: “Fix Our Forests: The Need for Urgent Action One Year After the L.A. Wildfires”","date":"2026-02-03T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property Casualty Insurance Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118913"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION PAC (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118913","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000634_Dallas_Safari_Club_118774","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dallas Safari Club testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2026-01-21 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing on \"America First: U.S. Leadership & National Security in International Conservation\"\". The witness Mr. Arturo Benavides (Dallas Safari Club) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118774","title":"Oversight hearing on \"America First: U.S. Leadership & National Security in International Conservation\"","date":"2026-01-21T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Arturo Benavides","witnessOrg":"Dallas Safari Club","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118774"},{"source":"donor","name":"SAFARI CLUB INTERNATIONAL PAC (SCI-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAFARI%20CLUB%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC%20(SCI-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118774","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAFARI%20CLUB%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC%20(SCI-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000634_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_D000634_Safari_Club_International_118696","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Safari Club International testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-12-10 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on \"Abuse of the Equal Access to Justice Act by Environmental NGOs\"\". The witness Regina Lennox (Safari Club International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118696","title":"Oversight Hearing on \"Abuse of the Equal Access to Justice Act by Environmental NGOs\"","date":"2025-12-10T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Regina Lennox","witnessOrg":"Safari Club International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118696"},{"source":"donor","name":"SAFARI CLUB INTERNATIONAL PAC (SCI-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAFARI%20CLUB%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC%20(SCI-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118696","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAFARI%20CLUB%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC%20(SCI-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000634_America_s_Credit_Unions_ACU__118324","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"America's Credit Unions (ACU) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\". The witness Mr. Andrew Morris (America's Credit Unions (ACU)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andrew Morris","witnessOrg":"America's Credit Unions (ACU)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_D000634_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_D000634_Georgia_s_Own_Credit_Union_117876","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Georgia's Own Credit Union testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks\". The witness Michael Sims (Georgia's Own Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"117876","title":"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Sims","witnessOrg":"Georgia's Own Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_D000634_Safari_Club_International_116440","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Safari Club International testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-10-18 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• H.R. 4389 (Rep. Salazar), “Migratory Birds of the Americas Conservation…\". The witness Mr. Ben Cassidy (Safari Club International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116440","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• H.R. 4389 (Rep. Salazar), “Migratory Birds of the Americas Conservation Enhancements Act of 2023\"; \r\n• H.R. 4770 (Rep. Sarbanes), “Chesapeake Bay Science, Education, and Ecosystem Enhancement Act of 2023”; and \r\n• H.R. 5009 (Rep. Joyce of Ohio), the “WILD Act”.","date":"2023-10-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ben Cassidy","witnessOrg":"Safari Club International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116440"},{"source":"donor","name":"SAFARI CLUB INTERNATIONAL PAC (SCI-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAFARI%20CLUB%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC%20(SCI-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116440","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAFARI%20CLUB%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC%20(SCI-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000634_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"NORTH DAKOTA PETROLEUM COUNCIL INC. FEDERAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"ND","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NORTH%20DAKOTA%20PETROLEUM%20COUNCIL%20INC.%20FEDERAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NORTH%20DAKOTA%20PETROLEUM%20COUNCIL%20INC.%20FEDERAL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_D000634_Dallas_Safari_Club_115629","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dallas Safari Club testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2023-03-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n•\tH.R. 930 (Rep. Kuster), “Ski Hill Resources for Economic Development (S…\". The witness Mr. Corey Mason (Dallas Safari Club) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"115629","title":"Legislative hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n•\tH.R. 930 (Rep. Kuster), “Ski Hill Resources for Economic Development (SHRED) Act of 2023;\r\n•\tH.R. 1319 (Rep. Neguse), “Biking on Long-Distance Trails (BOLT) Act”;\r\n•\tH.R. 1380 (Rep. Curtis), “Protecting America’s Rock Climbing (PARC) Act”; \r\n•\tH.R. 1527 (Rep. Curtis), “Simplifying Outdoor Access for Recreation (SOAR) Act”;\r\n•\tH.R. 1576 (Rep. Fulcher), “Federal Interior Land Media (FILM) Act”; \r\n•\tH.R. 1614 (Rep. Moore of Utah), “Range Access Act”;\r\n•\tH.R. 1642 (Rep. McClintock), “Law Enforcement Officer and Firefighter Recreation Pass Act”; and\r\n•\tH.R. 1667 (Rep. Westerman), “Ouachita National Forest Overnight Camping Act”","date":"2023-03-28T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Corey Mason","witnessOrg":"Dallas Safari Club","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115629"},{"source":"donor","name":"SAFARI CLUB INTERNATIONAL PAC (SCI-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAFARI%20CLUB%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC%20(SCI-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115629","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAFARI%20CLUB%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC%20(SCI-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000634_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20COUNCIL%20OF%20INSURANCE%20AGENTS%20%26%20BROKERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20COUNCIL%20OF%20INSURANCE%20AGENTS%20%26%20BROKERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_D000634_American_Property_and_Casualty_116462","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-10-24 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116462","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-10-24T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION PAC (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000634_American_Property_and_Casualty_116528","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Downing sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-11-02 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116528","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-11-02T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116528"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION PAC (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116528","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P61_D000634","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Troy Downing received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_D000634","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $58,462 on 2024-08-30 (12.8× normal)","explanation":"Troy Downing's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $58,462 on 2024-08-30 — 12.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":58462,"maxRatio":12.8,"maxAmount":58462},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-08-30","amount":58462,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":4555,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00855288","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00855288&min_date=2024-08-30&max_date=2024-08-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855288/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00855288&min_date=2024-08-30&max_date=2024-08-30"]},{"id":"P78_D000634","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 25 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Troy Downing appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 25 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (14); committee pac conflict (2); ie support concentration (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":25,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":14},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000634","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_D000634","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Troy Downing's campaign paid $63,030 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: DOWNING, DIANE ($30,000)","explanation":"Troy Downing's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $63,030 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DOWNING, DIANE ($30,000 across 1 payments, services: WAGES). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":63030,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DOWNING, DIANE","total":30000,"count":1,"descriptions":["WAGES"]},{"payee":"DOWNING, JONATHAN","total":22645,"count":3,"descriptions":["ADVANCE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"DOWNING, BOBBY","total":10385,"count":1,"descriptions":["GIFTS"]}],"surname":"downing"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MT02098&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"R000575":[{"id":"P2_R000575_q6h7ko","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MIKE ROGERS VICTORY gave $145,078 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $145,078 from MIKE ROGERS VICTORY, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MIKE ROGERS VICTORY","total":145078.24000000002,"count":10,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-d-rogers/other-data?cycle=2022","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000575","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Alabama_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_R000575_1ekm6y","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL A gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $10,000 from CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-d-rogers/other-data?cycle=2022","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000575","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Alabama_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_R000575_uwxch1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $10,000 from GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GDC PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GDC PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-d-rogers/other-data?cycle=2022","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000575","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Alabama_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_R000575_vt8ssr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LEONARDO DRS PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $10,000 from LEONARDO DRS PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LEONARDO DRS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-d-rogers/other-data?cycle=2022","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000575","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Alabama_politician)"]},{"id":"P2_R000575_up4pxl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $10,000 from APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed 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POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $5,000 from TEXTRON INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEXTRON INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-d-rogers/other-data?cycle=2022","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000575","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Alabama_politician)"]},{"id":"P9_R000575_a9pt93","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$178,732 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $178,732 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":178732.31,"oppose":0,"net":178732.31,"events":13,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":177173.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":1298.69,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":145.33,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":114.75999999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000575_5nks7h","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rogers campaign paid $2,176,116 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: WEST ROGERS","explanation":"Mike Rogers's campaign paid 31 disbursements totaling $2,176,116 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEST ROGERS","total":1178122,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"WEST ROGERS","amount":250000,"date":"2010-10-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"WEST ROGERS","amount":200000,"date":"2010-09-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"WEST ROGERS","amount":175000,"date":"2010-10-15","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEST ROGERS, LLC","total":287254.43,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"WEST ROGERS, LLC","amount":65314.4,"date":"2016-07-13","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WEST ROGERS, LLC","amount":65314.4,"date":"2016-07-07","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WEST ROGERS, LLC","amount":65162.48,"date":"2018-03-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGERS, JAMES E. MR.","total":239523,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGERS, JAMES E. MR.","amount":239523,"date":"2011-04-01","description":"* IN-KIND: TRAVEL AND PERSONAL STAFF EXP. FOR FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANNA ROGERS INC.","total":108716.36,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ANNA ROGERS INC.","amount":87954,"date":"2016-10-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ANNA ROGERS INC.","amount":20762.36,"date":"2016-09-15","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGERS, PATRICK","total":61848.92,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGERS, PATRICK","amount":40000,"date":"2006-12-21","description":"RECOUNT LEGAL COSTS","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ROGERS, PATRICK","amount":21848.92,"date":"2006-12-22","description":"RECOUNT LEGAL COSTS","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRISON ROGERS LLC","total":61419.47,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRISON ROGERS LLC","amount":61419.47,"date":"2022-01-11","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING AND TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WEST%20ROGERS"]},{"id":"P26_R000575_aaxc4y","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 2 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Mike Rogers's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BHFS-E, PC PAC (BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, P.C.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"BHFS-E, PC PAC (BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_R000575","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$179K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 99% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Mike Rogers received $178,732.31 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($177,173.53 = 99%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":178732.31,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":519.04,"2012":779.65,"2014":114.75999999999999,"2016":9090.62,"2018":145.33,"2022":397.03,"2024":168082.91},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":177173.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":1298.69,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":145.33,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":114.75999999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_R000575","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $200,422.4","explanation":"Mike Rogers received campaign contributions totaling $200,422.4 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 31 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: GENERAL DYNAMICS ($10,000); BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF ALABAMA ($10,000); AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":200422.4,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GDC PAC)","ldaClient":"GENERAL DYNAMICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF ALABAMA PAC","ldaClient":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF ALABAMA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)","ldaClient":"AMAZON CORPORATE, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P70_R000575","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 15 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA","explanation":"Mike Rogers's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 15 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA (Company); Director at MITRE McLean, VA (Nonprofit Organization); Director at IP3/IronBridge McLean, VA (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":15,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2015 to Aug 2023","role":"Director","entity":"IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Aug 2016 to Aug 2023","role":"Director","entity":"MITRE McLean, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Nov 2016 to Jan 2024","role":"Director","entity":"IP3/IronBridge McLean, VA","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Oct 2016 to Aug 2023","role":"Other (David Abshire Chair & Trustee)","entity":"Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress (CSPC) Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2017 to May 2023","role":"Director","entity":"AFIO Falls Church, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Sep 2017 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Constella Intelligence/4iQ Redwood City, CA","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Mar 2018 to Aug 2023","role":"Director","entity":"IAP Worldwide Services Cape Canaveral, FL","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"May 2018 to present","role":"Other (Board Advisor)","entity":"Telefonica Madrid, Spain","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_R000575","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$523,986.58 in outside earned income — top source: Nokia of America Corporation Dallas, TX ($$420,000.00)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $523,986.58 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 4 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Nokia of America Corporation Dallas, TX ($420,000.00, Salary); Telefonica Ingenieria Y Seguridad, SA Madrid, Spain ($44,779.52, Board Compensation); MI Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI ($39,207.06, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":523986.58,"count":4,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Nokia of America Corporation Dallas, TX","amount":"$420,000.00","amountNumeric":420000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Board Compensation","source":"Telefonica Ingenieria Y Seguridad, SA Madrid, Spain","amount":"$44,779.52","amountNumeric":44779.52},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"MI Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI","amount":"$39,207.06","amountNumeric":39207.06},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Highland Engineering Inc. Howell, MI","amount":"$20,000.00","amountNumeric":20000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P79_R000575_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 9 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including IRNT, VWIUX, VMLUX, VXUS, SWAGX, GIBIX","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 9 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: IRNT, VWIUX, VMLUX, VXUS, SWAGX, GIBIX, DBLFX, DFCEX, DFIEX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":9,"divestedTickers":["IRNT","VWIUX","VMLUX","VXUS","SWAGX","GIBIX","DBLFX","DFCEX","DFIEX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers discloses 3 private-company / restricted stock positions — NowSecure NQSO Company: Now Secure, Inc. (Chicago, IL) Description: Mobile Secur…","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 3 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 3 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: NowSecure NQSO Company: Now Secure, Inc. (Chicago, IL) Descr · Constella Intelligence Stock Company: Constella Intelligence.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":3,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"NowSecure NQSO Company: Now Secure, Inc. (Chicago, IL) Description: Mobile Security Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"Constella Intelligence Stock Company: Constella Intelligence (Redwood City, CA) Description: Intelligence company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Ironnet, Inc. Common Stock Company: Ironnet, Inc. (Halethorpe, MD) Description: Cybersecurity company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (1 top-bracket + 5 unascertainable, 11% of 57 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (1 top-bracket, 5 unascertainable) across 57 total reported assets — 11% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Schwab IRA (--) · Schwab SEP IRA (--) · QLYS - Qualys, Inc. - Common Stock (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL) (Unascertainable) · Schwab IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":1,"unascertCount":5,"totalAssets":57,"opaqueRatio":0.105,"samples":[{"asset":"Schwab IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Schwab SEP IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"QLYS - Qualys, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"asset":"Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL)","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Schwab IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers discloses 3 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking · Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfiel · Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust Class I (BREIT) Descript.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":3,"properties":[{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL)","type":"Real Estate Mineral Rights","value":"Unascertainable"},{"name":"Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust Class I (BREIT) Description: REIT (New York, New York)","type":"Real Estate REIT","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers discloses 2 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: ForgePoint Cyber Affiliates Fund I Description : Private equ · ForgePoint Cyber Affiliates Fund II Description : Private eq.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"ForgePoint Cyber Affiliates Fund I Description : Private equity fund (San Mateo, California)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"ForgePoint Cyber Affiliates Fund II Description : Private equity fund (San Mateo, California)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers's 2025 PFD: 36 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (62% of 58 reported assets)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 36 reported holdings owned by Spouse (19), Joint (17), or Dependent (0) — 62% of 58 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Checking · Spouse: Schwab IRA · Spouse: Charles Schwab & Co (Westlake, TX) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account · Spouse: BND - Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":19,"Joint":17,"Dependent":0,"Self":21},"totalAssets":58,"familyShare":0.621,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Schwab IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Charles Schwab & Co (Westlake, TX) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"BND - Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"IVV - iShares Core S&P 500 ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — QLYS","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: QLYS (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"QLYS","asset":"QLYS - Qualys, Inc. - Common Stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_R000575","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rogers's campaign paid $1,451,080 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: WEST ROGERS ($1,178,122)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 20 payments totaling $1,451,080 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WEST ROGERS ($1,178,122 across 12 payments, services: MEDIA BUY). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1451079.92,"paymentCount":20,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WEST ROGERS","total":1178122,"count":12,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"GLENN ROGERS CAMPAIGN","total":80000,"count":3,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"ROGERS, PATRICK","total":61848.92,"count":2,"descriptions":["RECOUNT LEGAL COSTS"]},{"payee":"SUGARMAN, ROGERS, BARSHAK & COHEN, P.C.","total":58894,"count":1,"descriptions":["RECOUNT ATTORNEY FEES"]},{"payee":"ROGERS DEVELOPMENT CORP.","total":42215,"count":1,"descriptions":["SECURITY"]}],"surname":"rogers"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2AL03032&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers (Alabama) discloses 2 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Oregon (1)","explanation":"Mike Rogers represents Alabama but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Alabama (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Oregon: 1 · Illinois: 1. Sample: Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking (Oregon) · Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL) (Illinois).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Alabama","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":2,"byState":{"OR":1,"IL":1},"samples":[{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"OR"},{"name":"Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL)","type":"Real Estate Mineral Rights","value":"Unascertainable","state":"IL"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P99_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers's spouse earned income from 2 law-firm payers on 2025 PFD — top: Principal to Principal LLC","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 2 payments to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Principal to Principal LLC Washington, (Salary) · P2P Strategies LLC White Lake, (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":2,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Principal to Principal LLC Washington, DC","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"P2P Strategies LLC White Lake, MI","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P102_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers holds 7 nonprofit/foundation board roles on 2025 PFD — top: Director · MITRE McLean, VA","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 7 ongoing roles on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · MITRE McLean, VA · Other (David Abshire Chair & Trustee) · Center for the Study · Director · AFIO Falls Church, VA · Other (Advisory Board Member) · Third Option Foundation Reston,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":7,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"MITRE McLean, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Aug 2016 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Other (David Abshire Chair & Trustee)","entity":"Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress (CSPC) Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Oct 2016 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Director","entity":"AFIO Falls Church, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2017 to May 2023"},{"position":"Other (Advisory Board Member)","entity":"Third Option Foundation Reston, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"May 2019 to present"},{"position":"Other (Advisory Board Member)","entity":"NSI Arlington, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2020 to present"},{"position":"Other (Advisory Board Member)","entity":"Spy Museum Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Apr 2020 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P103_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Rogers holds 5 for-profit officer/director roles on 2025 PFD — top: Director · IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 5 active officer or director roles in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Director · IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA (Company) · Director · IP3/IronBridge McLean, VA (Corporation) · Director · Constella Intelligence/4iQ Redwood City, (Company) · Director · IAP Worldwide Services Cape (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":5,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA","entityType":"Company","dates":"Jan 2015 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Director","entity":"IP3/IronBridge McLean, VA","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Nov 2016 to Jan 2024"},{"position":"Director","entity":"Constella Intelligence/4iQ Redwood City, CA","entityType":"Company","dates":"Sep 2017 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"IAP Worldwide Services Cape Canaveral, FL","entityType":"Company","dates":"Mar 2018 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Director","entity":"D-Wave Burnaby, B.C.","entityType":"Company","dates":"Feb 2021 to Aug 2023"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_R000575","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers's earliest disclosed PFD (2023) shows $10.6M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Mike Rogers's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2023) shows total assets of $10.6M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 136; earned-income on first filing: $1,976,675.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2023","totalAssetMid":10603575.5,"assetCount":136,"earnedIncome":1976675,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/83150a48-f78f-4171-83d2-d7dcc6bd3f01/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/83150a48-f78f-4171-83d2-d7dcc6bd3f01/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_R000575","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.5M across 26 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's FEC-bulk record shows $18.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $41.3M (PAC: $18.5M, individual: $20.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.32,"lifetimeIndividualM":20.66,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2AL03032"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AL03032/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_R000575","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.5M PAC / $41.3M total)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.5M of $41.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.32,"pacSharePct":44.8,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2AL03032"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AL03032/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P147_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers's 2025 PFD reports earned income $528K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Nokia of America Corporation)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $527,986.58 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from Nokia of America Corporation ($420,000.00) · Self: Salary from Highland Engineering Inc. Howell, ($20,000.00) · Self: Board Compensation from Telefonica Ingenieria Y Seguridad, ($44,779.52) · Self: Retirement from MI Legislative Retirement System ($39,207.06). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":527986.5800000001,"earnedIncomeK":528,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Nokia of America Corporation Dallas, TX","amount":"$420,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Highland Engineering Inc. Howell, MI","amount":"$20,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Telefonica Ingenieria Y Seguridad, SA Madrid, Spain","amount":"$44,779.52"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Retirement","payer":"MI Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI","amount":"$39,207.06"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Qualys, Inc. Foster City, CA","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Principal to Principal LLC Washington, DC","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P160_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers's 2025 PFD shows 7 broad-market index funds (32% of 22 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 of 22 ticker holdings (32%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: BND, IVV, VWO, VCIT, VEA, SPY, VTEB.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":7,"totalTickers":22,"ratio":0.32,"broadTickers":["BND","IVV","VWO","VCIT","VEA","SPY","VTEB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $10.1M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $10.1M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":10093626,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers's 2025 PFD initiated 2 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: AVDV ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: AVDV ($250,001 - $500,000) · BREIT ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AVDV","asset":"AVDV - Avantis International Small Cap Value ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"BREIT","asset":"Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust Class I (BREIT) Description: REIT (New York,","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers's 2025 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: P2P Strategies LLC White (Salary)","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Salary from P2P Strategies LLC White (> $1,000) · Spouse: Board Compensation from Partnerships Revolutionizing International Supply (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"P2P Strategies LLC White Lake, MI","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Partnerships Revolutionizing International Supply Chain Modernization Washington, DC","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P182_R000575_ChiropracticHealthPa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Rogers sponsored \"Chiropractic Health Parity for Military Beneficiaries Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Mike Rogers has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Chiropractic Health Parity for Military Beneficiaries Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_R000575_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Rogers — 37 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Mike Rogers's 2025 Senate PFD shows 37 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":37,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001230":[{"id":"P2_S001230_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $77,700 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Suhas Subramanyam serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $77,700 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":77700,"count":21,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhas_Subramanyam","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001230","http://subramanyam.house.gov/about/committees"]},{"id":"P2_S001230_4sg1e2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Suhas Subramanyam serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhas_Subramanyam","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001230","http://subramanyam.house.gov/about/committees"]},{"id":"P2_S001230_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Suhas Subramanyam serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhas_Subramanyam","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001230","http://subramanyam.house.gov/about/committees"]},{"id":"P6_S001230_tey3zd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$584,469 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from THE IMPACT FUND","explanation":"THE IMPACT FUND spent $584,469 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00876391","name":"THE IMPACT FUND","support":584469.33,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00876391/"]},{"id":"P19_S001230_uhbtkv","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suhas Subramanyam campaign paid $8,510,696 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","explanation":"Suhas Subramanyam's campaign paid 90 disbursements totaling $8,510,696 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","total":3387843.13,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":651000,"date":"2010-08-17","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":370000,"date":"2015-11-24","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":258211.86,"date":"2016-08-02","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","total":3382792,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":300000,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"TV BUY - 10/26/04-11/2/04","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":257760,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"NETWORK TV BUY","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":200000,"date":"2010-10-13","description":"MEDIA BUYS - TV","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","total":295220,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":97000,"date":"2012-10-18","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":85105,"date":"2010-10-18","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURRAY, PERSKIE & ASSOC.","amount":73115,"date":"2006-10-25","description":"ADVERTISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","total":293621.62,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":72105,"date":"2011-08-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":55781,"date":"2011-05-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"E. H. MURRAY GROUP, LLC","amount":43097,"date":"2011-11-16","description":"FUNDRAISER CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","total":185450,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":54100,"date":"2004-09-17","description":"EXEMPT FEA - GET OUT THE VOTE MAILERS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":50650,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"EXEMPT FEA-MASS MAILING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKI ASSOCIATES","amount":41200,"date":"2004-10-20","description":"EXEMPT - MASS MAILING","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY, LIZ","total":158236,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY, LIZ","amount":119745,"date":"2008-12-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEES","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURRAY, LIZ","amount":38491,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PEOPLE%20FOR%20PATTY%20MURRAY"]},{"id":"P61_S001230","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Suhas Subramanyam received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($5,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($5,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL  ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_S001230","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suhas Subramanyam's PAC funding concentrates 56% in Technology ($0.08M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Suhas Subramanyam's PAC donors concentrate 56% in the Technology industry — $0.08M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.08M · Labor $0.04M · Real Estate $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":56,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.08,"Labor":0.04,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4VA10279/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"P000620":[{"id":"P2_P000620_grvluj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICA gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $10,000 from THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_73rot4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"STRATEGIC LINK CONSULTING LP gave $6,600 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $6,600 from STRATEGIC LINK CONSULTING LP, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"STRATEGIC LINK CONSULTING LP","total":6600,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_yi1ndc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MORPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MORPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_1bucvs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_8ho51b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_3gs5oh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AXPPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AXPPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_kj708p","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC (ICI PA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC (ICI PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC (ICI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_4kr534","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"TRANSAMERICA CORPORATION PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,000 from TRANSAMERICA CORPORATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSAMERICA CORPORATION PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P2_P000620_95k3qt","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"TD BANK N.A. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,000 from TD BANK N.A. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TD BANK N.A. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.coloradobroadcasters.org/delegates/representative-brittany-pettersen/","https://pettersen.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen"]},{"id":"P9_P000620_i17lmf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$34,493 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $34,493 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":34492.8,"oppose":0,"net":34492.8,"events":27,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":33405.58,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1087.22,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_P000620_z946hi","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $287,013 / spent $262,664","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00829408","cmteName":"FIGHTING BACK PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00829408","cmteName":"FIGHTING BACK PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":158878,"totalDisbursements":156818.5,"cashOnHand":2059.54},{"cmteId":"C00829408","cmteName":"FIGHTING BACK PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":128134.5,"totalDisbursements":105845.3,"cashOnHand":24348.74}],"totalRaised":287012.5,"totalSpent":262663.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000620_in603e","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brittany Pettersen campaign paid $12,624,013 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen's campaign paid 121 disbursements totaling $12,624,013 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","total":3507691.5600000005,"count":26,"samples":[{"payee":"GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","amount":284154,"date":"2009-04-08","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","amount":198674.43,"date":"2019-10-16","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","amount":197195,"date":"2009-02-04","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER INC.","total":2857264.3900000006,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER INC.","amount":270657.52,"date":"2005-03-11","description":"TELEMARKETING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER INC.","amount":192429.81,"date":"2005-01-03","description":"TELEMARKETING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"GORDON & SCHWENKMEYER INC.","amount":167433.01,"date":"2006-02-27","description":"TELEMARKETING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GORDON AND SCHWENKMEYER, INC","total":1926534.8599999999,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"GORDON AND SCHWENKMEYER, INC","amount":171097.92,"date":"2014-05-20","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"GORDON AND SCHWENKMEYER, INC","amount":169637.9,"date":"2015-03-18","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GORDON AND SCHWENKMEYER, INC","amount":168792.42,"date":"2015-12-15","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BALL, GORDON","total":1788832.1600000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BALL, GORDON","amount":676638.24,"date":"2014-11-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BALL, GORDON","amount":394416.08,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"INKIND - OFFSET TO SCHEDULE A, 11D - LOA","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BALL, GORDON","amount":394416.08,"date":"2014-08-26","description":"IN-KIND - LOAN FORGIVEN - CONVERTED TO C","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GORDON AND SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","total":1167004.5299999996,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"GORDON AND SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","amount":140000,"date":"2007-12-17","description":"TELEMARKETING SERVICES (SEE MEMO)","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"GORDON AND SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","amount":116024.73,"date":"2008-08-08","description":"TELEMARKETING SERVICES (SEE MEMO)","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"GORDON AND SCHWENKMEYER, INC.","amount":108989.8,"date":"2007-02-05","description":"TELEMARKETING SERVICES (SEE MEMO)","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GORDON AND SCHWENKME","total":194424.84,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GORDON AND SCHWENKME","amount":103726.33,"date":"2013-09-19","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"GORDON AND SCHWENKME","amount":90698.51,"date":"2013-11-22","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"gordon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GORDON%20%26%20SCHWENKMEYER"]},{"id":"P47_P000620_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_118957","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118957","title":"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market","date":"2026-02-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MORPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MORPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MORPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_P000620_Investment_Company_Institute_118488","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Investment Company Institute testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-15 held a hearing titled \"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead\". The witness Mr. Tom Quaadman (Investment Company Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118488","title":"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead","date":"2025-07-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Quaadman","witnessOrg":"Investment Company Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488"},{"source":"donor","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC (ICI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INVESTMENT%20COMPANY%20INSTITUTE%20PAC%20(ICI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INVESTMENT%20COMPANY%20INSTITUTE%20PAC%20(ICI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_P000620_National_Association_of_Home_B_117970","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $9,000 donor","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117970","title":"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America","date":"2025-03-04T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_P000620_American_Council_of_Life_Insur_116725","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Council of Life Insurers (“ACLI”) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets, which on 2024-01-10 held a hearing titled \"Examining the DOL Fiduciary Rule: Implications for Retirement Savings and Access\". The witness Ms. Susan Neely (American Council of Life Insurers (“ACLI”)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets","eventId":"116725","title":"Examining the DOL Fiduciary Rule: Implications for Retirement Savings and Access","date":"2024-01-10T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Susan Neely","witnessOrg":"American Council of Life Insurers (“ACLI”)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116725"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20COUNCIL%20OF%20LIFE%20INSURERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116725","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20COUNCIL%20OF%20LIFE%20INSURERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_P000620_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $8,000 donor","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $8,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","total":8000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20COUNCIL%20OF%20ENGINEERING%20COMPANIES%20(ACEC%2FPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20COUNCIL%20OF%20ENGINEERING%20COMPANIES%20(ACEC%2FPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_P000620_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_119232","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen sits on House Financial Services, which on 2026-04-28 held a hearing titled \"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"119232","title":"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities","date":"2026-04-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MORPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MORPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MORPAC)"]},{"id":"P61_P000620","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $154,600","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen received campaign contributions totaling $154,600 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES, INC. AND ITS AFFILIAT ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":154600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES, INC. AND ITS AFFILIATES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS (IBEW) VOLUNTARY FUND","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAG","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_P000620","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brittany Pettersen draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.3M PAC / $13.9M total)","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.3M of $13.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.26,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.95,"pacSharePct":37.7,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H8CO07045"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CO07045/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_P000620","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brittany Pettersen's PAC funding concentrates 31% in Technology ($0.04M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Brittany Pettersen's PAC donors concentrate 31% in the Technology industry — $0.04M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.04M · Labor $0.02M · Finance $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":30.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.04,"Labor":0.02,"Finance":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CO07045/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"A000381":[{"id":"P2_A000381_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $15,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $15,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":15000,"count":3,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_9bq0kj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PA gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_giwro","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE  gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_79ibrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_bh4137","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PINNACLE WEST CAPITAL CORPORATION PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from PINNACLE WEST CAPITAL CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PINNACLE WEST CAPITAL CORPORATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_85z170","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH A gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_u51ozd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SALT RIVER VALLEY WATER USERS' ASSOCIATI gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from SALT RIVER VALLEY WATER USERS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT COMMITTEE ( SRPPIC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SALT RIVER VALLEY WATER USERS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT COMMITTEE ( SRPPIC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_kyl5t6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTER gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_3exomc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISO gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_rz1lpq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEP gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Education (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS), a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_93u6ob","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ATU-COPE SPECIAL HOLDING ACCOUNT gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from ATU-COPE SPECIAL HOLDING ACCOUNT, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ATU-COPE SPECIAL HOLDING ACCOUNT","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_w23sb8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS  gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_u9vgi1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS & TR gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS & TRAINMEN PAC FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS & TRAINMEN PAC FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_lodcs9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED GOODYEAR FIREFIGHTERS PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UNITED GOODYEAR FIREFIGHTERS PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED GOODYEAR FIREFIGHTERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P2_A000381_379oou","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKER gave $3,500 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari serves on committees regulating Labor (Energy, Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $3,500 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE FUND","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Education and Workforce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin_Ansari","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000381","https://www.legistorm.com/person/bio/478829/Yassamin_Ansari.html"]},{"id":"P6_A000381_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,367,647 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $1,367,647 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":1367647,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_A000381_titukg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$588,438 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Mainstream Democrats PAC","explanation":"Mainstream Democrats PAC spent $588,438 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804823","name":"Mainstream Democrats PAC","support":588437.5,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804823/"]},{"id":"P6_A000381_tze89j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$465,632 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DMFI PAC","explanation":"DMFI PAC spent $465,632 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":465631.5,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P19_A000381_kf293n","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Yassamin Ansari campaign paid $40,271,988 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: OLSEN & SHUVALOV","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari's campaign paid 146 disbursements totaling $40,271,988 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSEN & SHUVALOV","total":35558251.6,"count":83,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSEN & SHUVALOV","amount":1648766.81,"date":"2004-04-19","description":"POSTAGE/PRINTING","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"OLSEN & SHUVALOV","amount":1364934.31,"date":"2004-04-12","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE/COLLAT MATLS","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"OLSEN & SHUVALOV","amount":1013818.57,"date":"2004-03-23","description":"POSTAGE/PRINTING/DELIVERY","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSEN AND SHUVALOV","total":2706156.16,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSEN AND SHUVALOV","amount":501251.85,"date":"2003-08-15","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"OLSEN AND SHUVALOV","amount":477151.62,"date":"2003-09-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"OLSEN AND SHUVALOV","amount":392000,"date":"2003-05-19","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSEN &  SHUVALOV","total":1196180.24,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSEN &  SHUVALOV","amount":343317.76,"date":"2008-11-23","description":"GOTV NON-ALLOC VOL MAIL-CHAMBLISS","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"OLSEN &  SHUVALOV","amount":285420.48,"date":"2008-11-21","description":"FEA-GOTV MAIL(NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFI","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"OLSEN &  SHUVALOV","amount":284509.12,"date":"2008-11-21","description":"FEA-GOTV NON-ALLOC MAIL-CHAMBLISS","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSEN & SHUVALOV, LP","total":362896.79,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSEN & SHUVALOV, LP","amount":362896.79,"date":"2008-10-27","description":"GENERIC EARLY VOTE MAILING","surnameMatched":"olsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANSARI, ASNA","total":355916.15,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"ANSARI, ASNA","amount":14090.61,"date":"2025-11-30","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"ansari","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ANSARI, ASNA","amount":13753.48,"date":"2023-11-25","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"ansari","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANSARI, ASNA","amount":13753.48,"date":"2023-10-24","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"ansari","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MONTOYA, ENZO","total":19603.02,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MONTOYA, ENZO","amount":11418.18,"date":"2024-12-06","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MONTOYA, ENZO","amount":8184.84,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"PEOPLE CENTER 12/19D: SALARY","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=OLSEN%20%26%20SHUVALOV"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Communications_Workers_of_Amer_118363","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Communications Workers of America testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"\"Restoring Balance: Ensuring Fairness and Transparency at the NLRB\"\". The witness Ms. Jennifer Abruzzo (Communications Workers of America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions","eventId":"118363","title":"\"Restoring Balance: Ensuring Fairness and Transparency at the NLRB\"","date":"2025-06-11T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Jennifer Abruzzo","witnessOrg":"Communications Workers of America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118363"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNICATIONS%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20-%20COPE%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118363","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNICATIONS%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20-%20COPE%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Salt_River_Project_118170","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Salt River Project testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2025-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing titled “Advancing Federal Water and Hydropower Development: A Stakeholder Perspective.”\". The witness Mr. Patrick Sigl (Salt River Project) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"118170","title":"Oversight Hearing titled “Advancing Federal Water and Hydropower Development: A Stakeholder Perspective.”","date":"2025-04-30T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Patrick Sigl","witnessOrg":"Salt River Project","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118170"},{"source":"donor","name":"SALT RIVER VALLEY WATER USERS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT COMMITTEE ( SRPPIC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SALT%20RIVER%20VALLEY%20WATER%20USERS'%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20INVOLVEMENT%20COMMITTEE%20(%20SRPPIC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118170","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SALT%20RIVER%20VALLEY%20WATER%20USERS'%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20INVOLVEMENT%20COMMITTEE%20(%20SRPPIC)"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_National_Association_of_Letter_118527","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Letter Carriers testified before House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which on 2025-07-23 held a hearing titled \"“An Update on Mail Theft and Crime”\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations","eventId":"118527","title":"“An Update on Mail Theft and Crime”","date":"2025-07-23T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118527"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118527","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Fort_Belknap_Indian_Community_118518","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Fort Belknap Indian Community testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-07-22 held a hearing titled \"Examining the Trump Administration’s Work Combatting Transnational Cartels in Indian Country\". The witness Mr. Joshua Roberge (Fort Belknap Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118518","title":"Examining the Trump Administration’s Work Combatting Transnational Cartels in Indian Country","date":"2025-07-22T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Joshua Roberge","witnessOrg":"Fort Belknap Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118518"},{"source":"donor","name":"GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118518","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Voluntary_Protection_Program_P_118497","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voluntary Protection Program Participants' Association (VPPA) testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Safe Workplaces, Stronger Partnerships: The Future of OSHA Compliance Assistance\"\". The witness Mr. Chris Williams (Voluntary Protection Program Participants' Association (VPPA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections","eventId":"118497","title":"\"Safe Workplaces, Stronger Partnerships: The Future of OSHA Compliance Assistance\"","date":"2025-07-16T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Williams","witnessOrg":"Voluntary Protection Program Participants' Association (VPPA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118497"},{"source":"donor","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MI","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UAW%20-%20V%20-%20CAP%20(UAW%20VOLUNTARY%20COMMUNITY%20ACTION%20PROGRAM)%20'INT'L%20UNION%20UNITED%20AUTOMOBILE%20AEROSPACE%20%26%20AGRICULTURAL%20IMPLEMENT%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20UAW"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118497","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UAW%20-%20V%20-%20CAP%20(UAW%20VOLUNTARY%20COMMUNITY%20ACTION%20PROGRAM)%20'INT'L%20UNION%20UNITED%20AUTOMOBILE%20AEROSPACE%20%26%20AGRICULTURAL%20IMPLEMENT%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20UAW"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_National_Association_of_Letter_118417","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Letter Carriers testified before House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which on 2025-06-24 held a hearing titled \"“The Route Forward for the U.S. Postal Service: A View from Stakeholders\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations","eventId":"118417","title":"“The Route Forward for the U.S. Postal Service: A View from Stakeholders\"","date":"2025-06-24T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118417"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118417","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Keweenaw_Bay_Indian_Community_118303","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Keweenaw Bay Indian Community testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 411 (Rep. Bergman), “Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Land Claim Settlement Act of 2025” H.R. …\". The witness The Honorable Robert Curtis (Keweenaw Bay Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118303","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 411 (Rep. Bergman), “Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Land Claim Settlement Act of 2025” H.R. 2916 (Rep. Stefanik), To authorize, ratify, and confirm the Agreement of Settlement and Compromise to Resolve the Akwesasne Mohawk Land Claim in the State of New York, and for other purposes H.R. 3620 (Rep. Begich), “Southcentral Foundation Land Transfer Act” H.R. 3670 (Rep. Stansbury), “IHS Provider Expansion Act”","date":"2025-06-11T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Robert Curtis","witnessOrg":"Keweenaw Bay Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118303"},{"source":"donor","name":"GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118303","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_National_Association_of_Letter_118183","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association  of Letter Carriers testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections, which on 2025-05-06 held a hearing titled \"\"FECA Reform and Oversight: Prioritizing Workers, Protecting Taxpayer Dollars\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association  of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections","eventId":"118183","title":"\"FECA Reform and Oversight: Prioritizing Workers, Protecting Taxpayer Dollars\"","date":"2025-05-06T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association  of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118183"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118183","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Bay_Mills_Indian_Community_117842","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bay Mills Indian Community testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025…\". The witness The Honorable Whitney Gravelle (Bay Mills Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117842","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025”; H.R. 412 (Rep. Bergman), To authorize the Bay Mills Indian Community of the State of Michigan to convey land and interests in land owned by the Tribe; H.R. 504 (Rep. Gimenez), “Miccosukee Reserved Area Amendments Act”; and H.R. 741 (Rep. Stanton), “Stronger Engagement for Indian Health Needs Act of 2025”.","date":"2025-02-05T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Whitney Gravelle","witnessOrg":"Bay Mills Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842"},{"source":"donor","name":"GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Salt_River_Pima_Maricopa_India_116884","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-03-06 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on “Advancing Tribal Self-Determination: Examining Bureau of Indian Affairs’ 638 Contracting”\". The witness The Honorable Martin Harvier (Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116884","title":"Oversight Hearing on “Advancing Tribal Self-Determination: Examining Bureau of Indian Affairs’ 638 Contracting”","date":"2024-03-06T19:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Martin Harvier","witnessOrg":"Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116884"},{"source":"donor","name":"GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116884","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_Tule_River_Indian_Tribe_of_CA_115639","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tule River Indian Tribe of CA testified before House Natural Resources — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Natural Resources, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee legislative hearing on H.R. 2989 (Rep. McCarthy), \"Save Our Sequoias Act.\"\". The witness The Honorable Shine Nieto (Tule River Indian Tribe of CA) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources","eventId":"115639","title":"Full Committee legislative hearing on H.R. 2989 (Rep. McCarthy), \"Save Our Sequoias Act.\"","date":"2023-05-10T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Shine Nieto","witnessOrg":"Tule River Indian Tribe of CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115639"},{"source":"donor","name":"GILA RIVER INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115639","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GILA%20RIVER%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_A000381_International_Union_of_Operati_115298","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49 testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.\". The witness Mr. Jason George (International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115298","title":"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason George","witnessOrg":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298"},{"source":"donor","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"]},{"id":"P61_A000381","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $139,625","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari received campaign contributions totaling $139,625 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: RM2 CONSULTING, INC. (ON BEHALF OF IMPERIAL MACHIN ($29,625); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($15,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":139625,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"LA MACHINE CONSULTING","ldaClient":"RM2 CONSULTING, INC. (ON BEHALF OF IMPERIAL MACHINE AND TOOL COMPANY)","donorTotal":29625,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_A000381","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Yassamin Ansari's campaign paid $363,397 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: ANSARI, ASNA ($355,916)","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 34 payments totaling $363,397 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ANSARI, ASNA ($355,916 across 33 payments, services: SALARY AND BENEFITS · SALARY & BENEFITS). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":363397.22000000003,"paymentCount":34,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ANSARI, ASNA","total":355916.15,"count":33,"descriptions":["SALARY AND BENEFITS","SALARY & BENEFITS"]},{"payee":"ASNA ANSARI","total":7481.07,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"ansari"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4AZ03109&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_A000381","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Yassamin Ansari's PAC funding concentrates 41% in Labor ($0.06M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Yassamin Ansari's PAC donors concentrate 41% in the Labor industry — $0.06M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.06M · Technology $0.05M · Agriculture $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":41,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.06,"Technology":0.05,"Agriculture":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AZ03109/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"H001100":[{"id":"P2_H001100_2sog09","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KOCHPAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jeff Hurd serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from KOCHPAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KOCHPAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://hurd.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://legisletter.org/legislator/jeff-hurd-H001100/committees","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/H001100/119"]},{"id":"P2_H001100_g6n6r6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jeff Hurd serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://hurd.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://legisletter.org/legislator/jeff-hurd-H001100/committees","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/H001100/119"]},{"id":"P2_H001100_pweap5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jeff Hurd serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://hurd.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://legisletter.org/legislator/jeff-hurd-H001100/committees","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/H001100/119"]},{"id":"P6_H001100_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,176,940 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. db (also direct donor)","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. dba CVA Action spent $1,176,940 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 96 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. dba CVA Action","support":1176940.42,"oppose":0,"events":96},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CONCERNED AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM & OPPORTUNITY PAC (CAFO PAC)","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_H001100_uv8fwh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$991,707 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VIGOP (VIRGIN ISLANDS REPUBLICAN PARTY)","explanation":"VIGOP (VIRGIN ISLANDS REPUBLICAN PARTY) spent $991,707 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 314 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00553560","name":"VIGOP (VIRGIN ISLANDS REPUBLICAN PARTY)","support":991706.95,"oppose":0,"events":314}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00553560/"]},{"id":"P6_H001100_ubzn7e","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$755,198 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FUTURE LEADERS FUND","explanation":"FUTURE LEADERS FUND spent $755,198 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00693531","name":"FUTURE LEADERS FUND","support":755197.72,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693531/"]},{"id":"P6_H001100_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$377,460 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT (also direct donor)","explanation":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE spent $377,460 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","support":377459.85,"oppose":0,"events":4},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESIONAL COMMITTEE","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P7_H001100_xpa64c","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $10,018,766 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $10,018,766 opposing this member across 684 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":10018765.67,"totalSupport":3756924.5400000014,"events":684,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":4384094.97},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":3364956.49},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":1256396.0899999999},{"name":"AFT Solidarity","oppose":299570},{"name":"LATINO VICTORY PROJECT","oppose":179575}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_H001100_s1fhlg","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,000 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $125,000 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":125000,"events":1,"byYear":{"2018":125000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":125000,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001100_wosd3t","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$17,637 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $17,637 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":17637.239999999998,"oppose":0,"net":17637.239999999998,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":12663.210000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003165","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","support":2842.18,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":2131.85,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001100_dtauuf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$122,003 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 12.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $122,003 across 68 contributions — 12.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,440.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00848333","date":"2025-06-30","amount":122003,"count":68,"baseline":9440,"ratio":12.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848333/"]},{"id":"P15_H001100_shn85h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,100 donation spike on 2024-09-14 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-14 this committee recorded $81,100 across 88 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,809.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00848333","date":"2024-09-14","amount":81100,"count":88,"baseline":10809,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848333/"]},{"id":"P15_H001100_dt8xvu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,781 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $79,781 across 50 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,686.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00848333","date":"2025-09-30","amount":79781,"count":50,"baseline":6686,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848333/"]},{"id":"P15_H001100_dtcrtn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,150 donation spike on 2025-03-28 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-28 this committee recorded $62,150 across 35 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,367.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00848333","date":"2025-03-28","amount":62150,"count":35,"baseline":10367,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848333/"]},{"id":"P19_H001100_2ai934","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Hurd campaign paid $10,849,758 to 45 surname-matched vendors, top: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","explanation":"Jeff Hurd's campaign paid 136 disbursements totaling $10,849,758 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","total":3215833.6,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":150000,"date":"2025-10-08","description":"INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":149574,"date":"2026-01-09","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":140976,"date":"2005-12-09","description":"HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-06-30","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","total":800000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","amount":800000,"date":"2018-05-14","description":"COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","total":799039.8399999999,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":173718.61,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":164184.07,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":149061.15,"date":"2024-10-04","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","total":661562,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":197784,"date":"2010-04-01","description":"MAILING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2008-06-02","description":"INVOICE- COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":87000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"MAILPIECE","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","total":600000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","amount":600000,"date":"2018-05-22","description":"NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KENNEDY%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P36_H001100","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Jeff Hurd has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_H001100_General_Atomics_116033","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"General Atomics testified before House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jeff Hurd sits on House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"From Theory to Reality: The Limitless Potential of Fusion Energy\". The witness Dr. Wayne Solomon (General Atomics) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"116033","title":"From Theory to Reality: The Limitless Potential of Fusion Energy","date":"2023-06-13T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Wayne Solomon","witnessOrg":"General Atomics","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116033"},{"source":"donor","name":"GENERAL ATOMICS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GENERAL%20ATOMICS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116033","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GENERAL%20ATOMICS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P51_H001100_REPUBLICAN_NATIONAL_COMMITTEE","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE $136.8M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Jeff Hurd's campaign committee paid $136,766,106.98 to REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 27353.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE","total":136766106.98,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20NATIONAL%20COMMITTEE"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESIONAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20REPUBLICAN%20CONGRESIONAL%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20NATIONAL%20COMMITTEE","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20REPUBLICAN%20CONGRESIONAL%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P51_H001100_MAIN_STREET_MEDIA_GROUP","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP $21.4M — vendor also donated $10,000","explanation":"Jeff Hurd's campaign committee paid $21,376,035.89 to MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $10,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 2137.6× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP","total":21376035.89,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP"},{"source":"donor","name":"REPUBLICAN MAIN STREET PARTNERSHIP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20MAIN%20STREET%20PARTNERSHIP%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20MAIN%20STREET%20PARTNERSHIP%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_H001100","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $75,000","explanation":"Jeff Hurd received campaign contributions totaling $75,000 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($5,000); NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); MOLSON COORS BEVERAGE COMPANY USA LLC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":75000,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTOS INC PAC","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MOLSON COORS BEVERAGE COMPANY USA LLC PAC","ldaClient":"MOLSON COORS BEVERAGE COMPANY USA LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_H001100","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $122,003 on 2025-06-30 (12.9× normal)","explanation":"Jeff Hurd's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $122,003 on 2025-06-30 — 12.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":201784,"maxRatio":12.9,"maxAmount":122003},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":122003,"ratio":12.9,"baselineDaily":9440,"count":68,"cmteId":"C00848333","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00848333&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":79781,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":6686,"count":50,"cmteId":"C00848333","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00848333&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848333/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00848333&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_H001100","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 21 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jeff Hurd appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 21 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (4); daily donation spike (4); committee pac conflict (3); circular vendor donor (2); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":21,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001100","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_H001100","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Hurd's campaign paid $66,828 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: LAW OFFICES OF PAUL LOY HURD ($27,941)","explanation":"Jeff Hurd's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 6 payments totaling $66,828 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: LAW OFFICES OF PAUL LOY HURD ($27,941 across 2 payments, services: RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":66828.40000000001,"paymentCount":6,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"LAW OFFICES OF PAUL LOY HURD","total":27941.02,"count":2,"descriptions":["RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"HURD, RYAN","total":24065.04,"count":2,"descriptions":["GOTV TEXT MESSAGES - NON-CANDIDATE"]},{"payee":"HURD, REBEKAH","total":9000,"count":1,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"HURD, RYAN P","total":5822.34,"count":1,"descriptions":["GROSS EMPLOYEE SALARY FOR APRIL"]}],"surname":"hurd"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CO03357&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_H001100","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Hurd named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.9M total receipts) — top: HURD VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Jeff Hurd appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HURD VICTORY FUND (C00611012, $2.9M receipts, treasurer CRATE, BRADLEY T MR.). Active years: 3, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.91,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00611012","name":"HURD VICTORY FUND","receipts":2906765.11,"treasurer":"CRATE, BRADLEY T MR.","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00611012/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00611012/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00611012/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"M001227":[{"id":"P2_M001227_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $49,600 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $49,600 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":49600,"count":14,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://mcclellan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001227","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_McClellan"]},{"id":"P2_M001227_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://mcclellan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001227","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_McClellan"]},{"id":"P2_M001227_2l3tve","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://mcclellan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001227","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_McClellan"]},{"id":"P2_M001227_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://mcclellan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001227","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_McClellan"]},{"id":"P2_M001227_ju75i7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SOUTHERN COMPANY GAS EMPLOYEES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SOUTHERN COMPANY GAS EMPLOYEES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOUTHERN COMPANY GAS EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://mcclellan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001227","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_McClellan"]},{"id":"P2_M001227_vy544o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://mcclellan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001227","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_McClellan"]},{"id":"P2_M001227_j0bllo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SMART - SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPOR gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SMART - SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SMART - SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTION LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://mcclellan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001227","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_McClellan"]},{"id":"P19_M001227_ayvsvo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jennifer McClellan campaign paid $575,157 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: HUBAY DOUGHERTY","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan's campaign paid 103 disbursements totaling $575,157 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUBAY DOUGHERTY","total":278045.38,"count":46,"samples":[{"payee":"HUBAY DOUGHERTY","amount":18000,"date":"2023-05-15","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HUBAY DOUGHERTY","amount":15205,"date":"2023-01-04","description":"DECEMBER 2022 REIMBURSEMENTS","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HUBAY DOUGHERTY","amount":10557.79,"date":"2024-01-10","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUBAY LLC","total":136082.78,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"HUBAY LLC","amount":6476.35,"date":"2021-03-01","description":"REIMBURSEMENTS","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUBAY LLC","amount":5273.08,"date":"2020-11-01","description":"OCTOBER 2020 LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUBAY LLC","amount":5238.46,"date":"2020-06-01","description":"MAY 2020 LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUBAY | DOUGHERTY","total":49000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"HUBAY | DOUGHERTY","amount":10000,"date":"2022-03-14","description":"LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUBAY | DOUGHERTY","amount":5000,"date":"2022-09-14","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUBAY | DOUGHERTY","amount":5000,"date":"2022-07-11","description":"LEGAL & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLELLAN, JONATHON","total":36587.630000000005,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLELLAN, JONATHON","amount":24000,"date":"2016-05-17","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcclellan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MCCLELLAN, JONATHON","amount":6520.38,"date":"2016-02-10","description":"TRAVEL- PER DIEM","surnameMatched":"mcclellan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MCCLELLAN, JONATHON","amount":6067.25,"date":"2016-03-09","description":"TRAVEL- PER DIEM","surnameMatched":"mcclellan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUBAY, LLC","total":25171.31,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"HUBAY, LLC","amount":7898.36,"date":"2020-10-04","description":"REIMBURSEMENTS","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUBAY, LLC","amount":6121.04,"date":"2018-11-05","description":"OCTOBER COMPLIANCE, LEGAL, CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HUBAY, LLC","amount":5452.62,"date":"2018-09-04","description":"AUGUST SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hubay","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLELLAN FOR GOVERNOR","total":23019,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLELLAN FOR GOVERNOR","amount":18019,"date":"2020-11-19","description":"IN-KIND CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION-POLLING","surnameMatched":"mcclellan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MCCLELLAN FOR GOVERNOR","amount":5000,"date":"2021-05-11","description":"NON-FEDERAL DONATION","surnameMatched":"mcclellan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUBAY%20DOUGHERTY"]},{"id":"P61_M001227","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $138,000","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan received campaign contributions totaling $138,000 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($20,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS ($15,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":138000,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS PAC","ldaClient":"NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001227","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jennifer McClellan's campaign paid $63,839 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: MCCLELLAN, JONATHON ($36,588)","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 7 payments totaling $63,839 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MCCLELLAN, JONATHON ($36,588 across 3 payments, services: POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING · TRAVEL- PER DIEM). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":63838.96,"paymentCount":7,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MCCLELLAN, JONATHON","total":36587.630000000005,"count":3,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","TRAVEL- PER DIEM"]},{"payee":"MCCLELLAN, JONATHAN","total":15000,"count":2,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MCCLELLAN, KATE A.","total":7251.33,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"MCCLELLAN FOR GOVERNOR","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL DONATION"]}],"surname":"mcclellan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4VA04066&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001227","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jennifer McClellan draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.4M PAC / $7.3M total)","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.4M of $7.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.32,"pacSharePct":33.1,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4VA04066"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4VA04066/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001227","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jennifer McClellan's PAC funding concentrates 42% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan's PAC donors concentrate 42% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Agriculture $0.02M · Energy $0.01M · Labor $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":41.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Agriculture":0.02,"Energy":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4VA04066/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_M001227","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jennifer McClellan — DW-NOMINATE -0.55 vs VA delegation mean 0.12 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Jennifer McClellan's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.55) is 1.8 standard deviations from the VA delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"VA","memberScore":-0.548,"delegationMean":0.12260416666666664,"zscore":"1.80"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"E000300":[{"id":"P2_E000300_dbv64b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"JOHN BOLTON PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabe Evans serves on committees regulating Defense (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from JOHN BOLTON PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JOHN BOLTON PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://gabeevans.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-evans-announces-committee-and-caucus-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Evans","http://gabeevans.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_E000300_jsd4f4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES' PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabe Evans serves on committees regulating Defense (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES' PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES' PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://gabeevans.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-evans-announces-committee-and-caucus-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Evans","http://gabeevans.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_E000300_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,239,767 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $1,239,767 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 102 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":1239766.7700000005,"oppose":0,"events":102}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_E000300_u9ekz7","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $12,002,021 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $12,002,021 opposing this member across 211 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":12002021.009999996,"totalSupport":1538549.4100000006,"events":211,"topAttackers":[{"name":"HMP","oppose":6728268.370000001},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2570408.03},{"name":"EDF Action Votes","oppose":829854.02},{"name":"Pro-Choice Women","oppose":450000},{"name":"Mainstream Colorado Fund","oppose":389000.00000000006}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_E000300_b4p13q","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gabe Evans campaign paid $4,129,928 to 37 surname-matched vendors, top: JC-EVANS, INC.","explanation":"Gabe Evans's campaign paid 146 disbursements totaling $4,129,928 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JC-EVANS, INC.","total":863982.95,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":127285.73,"date":"2006-03-13","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":112981.38,"date":"2006-03-29","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":109158.32,"date":"2006-02-13","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EVANS ENTERPRISES, LLC","total":568774,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"EVANS ENTERPRISES, LLC","amount":568774,"date":"2016-09-12","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTANT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","total":475000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","amount":100000,"date":"2006-10-05","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","amount":75000,"date":"2009-04-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","amount":75000,"date":"2008-08-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","total":377179,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2025-05-13","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2025-05-08","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2025-05-15","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","total":348967.2,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":44348.5,"date":"2021-01-06","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":40254.44,"date":"2022-12-21","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":29826.75,"date":"2022-10-14","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EVANS/MCNAMARA","total":199958,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"EVANS/MCNAMARA","amount":51190,"date":"2009-11-14","description":"MEDIA - PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"EVANS/MCNAMARA","amount":32518,"date":"2009-10-16","description":"MEDIA - PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"EVANS/MCNAMARA","amount":28263,"date":"2006-04-18","description":"VIDEO PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JC-EVANS"]},{"id":"P27_E000300_4z3kut","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"HOBBS CABELL\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00762328","name":"FIGHT ON PAC","treasurer":"HOBBS CABELL"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00706267","name":"ASHLEY HINSON FOR CONGRESS","treasurer":"HOBBS CABELL"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00809970","name":"HISPANIC LEADERSHIP TRUST","treasurer":"HOBBS CABELL"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_E000300","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $45,000","explanation":"Gabe Evans received campaign contributions totaling $45,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSOCIATION ($5,000); PROMISED LAND OPPORTUNITY ZONE FUNDS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":45000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. PAC (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSN PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LAND OF OPPORTUNITY PAC","ldaClient":"PROMISED LAND OPPORTUNITY ZONE FUNDS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_E000300","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gabe Evans's campaign paid $1,415,670 to 19 surname-matched vendors — top: CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS ($475,000)","explanation":"Gabe Evans's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 39 payments totaling $1,415,670 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS ($475,000 across 9 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION · NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1415670.0499999998,"paymentCount":39,"payeeCount":19,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","total":475000,"count":9,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"EVANS/MCNAMARA","total":199958,"count":7,"descriptions":["MEDIA - PRODUCTION SERVICES","VIDEO PRODUCTION","ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"ADAM EVANS WATERPROOFING","total":111974.2,"count":1,"descriptions":["BUILDING MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS"]},{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ","total":86992.44,"count":3,"descriptions":["ACCOUNTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"EVANS & ASSOCIATES","total":85000,"count":2,"descriptions":["FEA CANVASSING"]}],"surname":"evans"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CO08034&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"C001126":[{"id":"P2_C001126_nwt47w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_qcun2h","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_k1t0hy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_uqf9fe","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_5stoiv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_pa2os6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE C gave $9,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $9,000 from THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. FEDERAL PAC (NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL FEDERAL PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. FEDERAL PAC (NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL FEDERAL PAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_aivvio","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENCOVA CIVIC FUND (OF THE MOTORISTS MUTU gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from ENCOVA CIVIC FUND (OF THE MOTORISTS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY CIVIC FUND), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENCOVA CIVIC FUND (OF THE MOTORISTS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY CIVIC FUND)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_wb2gm4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"RYAN LLC PAC (RYANPAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from RYAN LLC PAC (RYANPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"RYAN LLC PAC (RYANPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_vpm1i2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (MORPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (MORPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (MORPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_3tirq8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE OPTIONS CLEARING CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from THE OPTIONS CLEARING CORPORATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE OPTIONS CLEARING CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_g3rpxr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. FEDERAL PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_pgzuok","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BREAD FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. PAC (AKA  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from BREAD FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. PAC (AKA BREAD FINANCIAL PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BREAD FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. PAC (AKA BREAD FINANCIAL PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_C001126_o7bxr4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE AS gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Carey serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Administration","Rules","House Administration","Budget","Joint Committee of Congress on the Library"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001126","https://legisletter.org/legislator/mike-carey-C001126/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)"]},{"id":"P6_C001126_tw2wm2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$417,132 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN ACTION INC","explanation":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN ACTION INC spent $417,132 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00771477","name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN ACTION INC","support":417132,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00771477/"]},{"id":"P10_C001126_x0j3rv","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $435,231 / spent $393,287","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00787879","cmteName":"CARRY ON PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":50611.6,"totalDisbursements":43993.7,"cashOnHand":6617.85},{"cmteId":"C00787879","cmteName":"CARRY ON PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":208976.6,"totalDisbursements":136209.1,"cashOnHand":79385.37},{"cmteId":"C00787879","cmteName":"CARRY ON PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":175642.5,"totalDisbursements":213084.6,"cashOnHand":41943.3}],"totalRaised":435230.7,"totalSpent":393287.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001126_ilv5k0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,231 donation spike on 2021-06-21 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-21 this committee recorded $59,231 across 31 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,879.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00779603","date":"2021-06-21","amount":59231,"count":31,"baseline":9879,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00779603/"]},{"id":"P19_C001126_uw8vxe","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Carey campaign paid $2,453,348 to 60 surname-matched vendors, top: SIRIANNI, CAREY","explanation":"Mike Carey's campaign paid 169 disbursements totaling $2,453,348 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SIRIANNI, CAREY","total":356451.05,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"SIRIANNI, CAREY","amount":39520,"date":"2024-12-06","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carey","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SIRIANNI, CAREY","amount":38456,"date":"2024-04-11","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carey","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SIRIANNI, CAREY","amount":35370,"date":"2025-08-08","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carey","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SAWYER, PAUL","total":233000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"SAWYER, PAUL","amount":50000,"date":"2025-07-01","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sawyer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SAWYER, PAUL","amount":50000,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sawyer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SAWYER, PAUL","amount":30000,"date":"2024-08-06","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sawyer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAREY INTERNATIONAL CAR SERVICE","total":208840,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CAREY INTERNATIONAL CAR SERVICE","amount":208840,"date":"2008-07-01","description":"TRANSPORTATION","surnameMatched":"carey","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WOODRUFF-SAWYER & COMPANY","total":142778.85,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"WOODRUFF-SAWYER & COMPANY","amount":28370.2,"date":"2018-07-17","description":"PREPAID EXPENSES & DEFERRED CHARGES","surnameMatched":"sawyer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WOODRUFF-SAWYER & COMPANY","amount":28370.19,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"sawyer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WOODRUFF-SAWYER & COMPANY","amount":24282.96,"date":"2018-07-17","description":"PREPAID EXPENSES & DEFERRED CHARGES","surnameMatched":"sawyer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SIRIANNI"]},{"id":"P34_C001126_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $15,000","explanation":"Mike Carey's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC","total":10000,"matchedClient":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"ANHEUSER-BUSCH COMPANIES LLC PAC","total":5000,"matchedClient":"ANHEUSER BUSCH COMPANIES","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001126","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"Mike Carey has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_C001126_The_Home_Depot_117588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Mike Carey sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-08-16 held a hearing titled \"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest\". The witness Karen Dewalt (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117588","title":"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest","date":"2024-08-16T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Karen Dewalt","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001126_Virginia_Institute_for_Public__115487","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Institute for Public Policy testified before House Administration Subcommittee on Elections — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Mike Carey sits on House Administration Subcommittee on Elections, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"“2022 Midterms Look Back Series: Election Observer Access”\". The witness Ms. Lynn Taylor (Virginia Institute for Public Policy) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Administration Subcommittee on Elections","eventId":"115487","title":"“2022 Midterms Look Back Series: Election Observer Access”","date":"2023-03-23T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Lynn Taylor","witnessOrg":"Virginia Institute for Public Policy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115487"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20INSTITUTE%20OF%20CERTIFIED%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTANTS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115487","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20INSTITUTE%20OF%20CERTIFIED%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTANTS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_C001126","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"35 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $232,500","explanation":"Mike Carey received campaign contributions totaling $232,500 from 35 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 35 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); FIFTH THIRD BANCORP ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":35,"totalDollars":232500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. PAC (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC","ldaClient":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001126","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Carey's campaign paid $1,065,286 to 26 surname-matched vendors — top: SIRIANNI, CAREY ($356,451)","explanation":"Mike Carey's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 52 payments totaling $1,065,286 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SIRIANNI, CAREY ($356,451 across 17 payments, services: FUNDRAISING CONSULTING · FUNDRAISING COMMISSION · CAMPAIGN STAFF). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1065285.62,"paymentCount":52,"payeeCount":26,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SIRIANNI, CAREY","total":356451.05,"count":17,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING COMMISSION","CAMPAIGN STAFF"]},{"payee":"CAREY INTERNATIONAL CAR SERVICE","total":208840,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRANSPORTATION"]},{"payee":"CAREY, D.A.","total":49634.52,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENT EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"CAREY SIRIANNI","total":46984,"count":2,"descriptions":["DEBT PAYMENT: FUNDRAISING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"THE CAREY GROUP","total":45000,"count":4,"descriptions":["MARKET RESEARCH","5/15 & 6/15 NON-FED CONSULTING WORK","NON-FED CONSULTING WORK"]}],"surname":"carey"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OH15228&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_C001126","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Carey named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.8M total receipts) — top: CAREY VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Mike Carey appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CAREY VICTORY FUND (C00790691, $1.8M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.85,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00790691","name":"CAREY VICTORY FUND","receipts":1848916.01,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00790691/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00790691/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00790691/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_C001126","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Carey draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.7M PAC / $15.1M total)","explanation":"Mike Carey's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.7M of $15.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.15,"pacSharePct":50.7,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2OH15228"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH15228/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001213":[{"id":"P2_M001213_tnz3y3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Blake Moore serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://tnpa.org/congressional-spotlight-representative-blake-moore/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001213","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Moore"]},{"id":"P2_M001213_gpzgq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED HEALTH GROUP PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Blake Moore serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from UNITED HEALTH GROUP PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED HEALTH GROUP PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://tnpa.org/congressional-spotlight-representative-blake-moore/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001213","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Moore"]},{"id":"P2_M001213_cpben3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Blake Moore serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://tnpa.org/congressional-spotlight-representative-blake-moore/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001213","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Moore"]},{"id":"P2_M001213_9sappl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FMR LLC PAC (FIDELITY PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Blake Moore serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from FMR LLC PAC (FIDELITY PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FMR LLC PAC (FIDELITY PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://tnpa.org/congressional-spotlight-representative-blake-moore/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001213","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Moore"]},{"id":"P2_M001213_u8czyi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Blake Moore serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://tnpa.org/congressional-spotlight-representative-blake-moore/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001213","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Moore"]},{"id":"P2_M001213_weqhj2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PROG HOLDINGS, INC., PAC (PRG PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Blake Moore serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from PROG HOLDINGS, INC., PAC (PRG PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PROG HOLDINGS, INC., PAC (PRG PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://tnpa.org/congressional-spotlight-representative-blake-moore/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001213","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Moore"]},{"id":"P2_M001213_opuo7r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CAMBIA HEALTH SOLUTIONS INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Blake Moore serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from CAMBIA HEALTH SOLUTIONS INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CAMBIA HEALTH SOLUTIONS INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://tnpa.org/congressional-spotlight-representative-blake-moore/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001213","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Moore"]},{"id":"P2_M001213_2pp4i7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Blake Moore serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. 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In the same period they made 12 BUYS vs 4 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":12,"sells":4,"netBuy":8,"total":16}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_M001213_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 4 Defense bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 2 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":5,"sells":2,"netBuy":3,"total":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_M001213_Pharma","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma trades filed 103d late on avg — overall avg only 76d","explanation":"In Pharma (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 102.7 days — versus 75.9 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":6,"avgGap":103},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":79,"avgGap":76},{"source":"pac","sector":"Pharma","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001213_ktwuo9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $2,894,303 in itemized individual contributions, $2,021,750 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2894303,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-104450,"$200.01-$499":43533,"$500-$999":337969,"$1000-$1999":595501,"$2000 and over":2021750},"megaShare":69.9,"smallDonorShare":-3.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001213_uzg8v7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,050 donation spike on 2024-06-24 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-24 this committee recorded $62,050 across 119 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,314.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00738872","date":"2024-06-24","amount":62050,"count":119,"baseline":5314,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00738872/"]},{"id":"P15_M001213_pdqria","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,600 donation spike on 2023-12-14 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-14 this committee recorded $61,600 across 20 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,570.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00738872","date":"2023-12-14","amount":61600,"count":20,"baseline":5570,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00738872/"]},{"id":"P15_M001213_aov8nu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,300 donation spike on 2022-06-23 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-23 this committee recorded $55,300 across 21 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,878.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00738872","date":"2022-06-23","amount":55300,"count":21,"baseline":7878,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00738872/"]},{"id":"P17_M001213_BABA_2021-02-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-02-16 and 2021-02-23, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"},{"bioguideId":"M001213","name":"Blake Moore"}],"span":"2021-02-16 to 2021-02-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001213_BABA_2021-02-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-02-17 and 2021-02-23, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-02-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"},{"bioguideId":"M001213","name":"Blake Moore"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2021-02-17 to 2021-02-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001213_BABA_2021-08-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-08-23 and 2021-08-30, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-08-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001213","name":"Blake Moore"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2021-08-23 to 2021-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001213_BABA_2021-08-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-08-24 and 2021-08-30, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-08-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001213","name":"Blake Moore"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2021-08-24 to 2021-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001213_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"39 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Blake Moore executed 39 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additions to the Unverified List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-12-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additions to the Unverified List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-12-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001213_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Blake Moore executed 6 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-04-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-03-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-03-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Institutional Review Board Waiver or Alteration of Informed Consent for Minimal Risk Clinical Investigations","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-12-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"New Animal Drugs; Approval of New Animal Drug Applications","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2021-04-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001213_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Blake Moore executed 16 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2021-07-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Community Reinvestment Act Regulations Asset-Size Thresholds","agency":"Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2023-12-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Community Reinvestment Act Regulations Asset-Size Thresholds","agency":"Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2023-12-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001213_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Blake Moore executed 7 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2024-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-07-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2021-05-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Technical Amendments","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2023-12-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Supplemental Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Department of Defense; Correction","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2023-12-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001213_xnc3l9","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Blake Moore campaign paid $28,152,823 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: MOORE A SERIES LLC","explanation":"Blake Moore's campaign paid 193 disbursements totaling $28,152,823 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","total":16146400.339999998,"count":51,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":736620.47,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":731094.23,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":703490.83,"date":"2025-02-19","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE 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LLC","amount":284206.49,"date":"2024-06-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":273971.69,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","total":1381289.02,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":259856,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"LITERATURE AND VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":215283,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) LITERATURE: PROMOTE KAINE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":199025,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) MAIL: OPPOSE GADE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":229937.77,"date":"2024-09-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":184197.86,"date":"2024-09-03","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":172003.1,"date":"2024-11-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","total":868139.77,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":201739.6,"date":"2024-06-18","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":177402.62,"date":"2024-11-20","description":"MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":165098.72,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MOORE%20A%20SERIES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P20_M001213_v2ade2","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Blake Moore sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HQY","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":22106079.77,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services","Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001213_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 103d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (5 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":6,"avgGap":103,"buys":5,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":79,"avgGap":76}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001213_Finance","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance BUYs filed 84d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Finance (12 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":16,"avgGap":84,"buys":12,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":79,"avgGap":76}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001213","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"58% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 8.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 118 disclosed trades, 68 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 8.9× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":68,"total":118,"rate":57.6},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":8.95}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_M001213","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Blake Moore sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense and actively trades in Finance, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":16},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001213","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"Blake Moore has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":33,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001213_DG_20210127","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $DG 1 day after a corporate insider (CALBERT MICHAEL M  (CIK 0001213179)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"CALBERT MICHAEL M  (CIK 0001213179)","filingDate":"2021-01-26","adsh":"0000029534-21-000001","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001213_MSFT_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $MSFT 1 day after a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-002319","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001213_FB_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $FB 1 day after a corporate insider (CROSS JAMES W IV  (CIK 0001239015)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"CROSS JAMES W IV  (CIK 0001239015)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001649749-21-000042","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001213_META_20240119","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2024-01-18","adsh":"0000950103-24-000847","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001213_RTX_20210430","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RTX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $RTX 2 days after a corporate insider (Mitchill Neil G. JR  (CIK 0001633746)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTX","filer":"Mitchill Neil G. JR  (CIK 0001633746)","filingDate":"2021-04-28","adsh":"0001225208-21-007137","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001213_GOOG_20210304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $GOOG 3 days after a corporate insider (Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001209191-21-015358","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001213_BA_20240109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $BA 5 days after a corporate insider (JOHRI AKHIL  (CIK 0001517450)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BA","filer":"JOHRI AKHIL  (CIK 0001517450)","filingDate":"2024-01-04","adsh":"0001225208-24-000421","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_TSLA_20210818","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $TSLA 1 day before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-08-19","adsh":"0001771364-21-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_FB_20210225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $FB 1 day before a corporate insider (Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Evans Wilburn J.  (CIK 0001684409)","filingDate":"2021-02-26","adsh":"0001649749-21-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_AAPL_20210224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)","filingDate":"2021-02-25","adsh":"0000320193-21-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_WYNN_20211220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WYNN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $WYNN 3 days before a corporate insider (MADDOX MATT  (CIK 0001195587)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WYNN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WYNN","filer":"MADDOX MATT  (CIK 0001195587)","filingDate":"2021-12-23","adsh":"0001174922-21-000175"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_GOOG_20210225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $GOOG 4 days before a corporate insider (Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001209191-21-015358"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_FB_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FB 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $FB 4 days before a corporate insider (Johnson Timothy L.  (CIK 0001684402)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Johnson Timothy L.  (CIK 0001684402)","filingDate":"2021-03-08","adsh":"0001649749-21-000052"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_DG_20210127","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $DG 5 days before a corporate insider (CALBERT MICHAEL M  (CIK 0001213179)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"CALBERT MICHAEL M  (CIK 0001213179)","filingDate":"2021-02-01","adsh":"0000029534-21-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_MA_20210603","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $MA 6 days before a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2021-06-09","adsh":"0001140361-21-020404"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_AXP_20210430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AXP 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $AXP 6 days before a corporate insider (WARDELL LISA W  (CIK 0001450092)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"WARDELL LISA W  (CIK 0001450092)","filingDate":"2021-05-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-015686"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_MSFT_20210225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $MSFT 6 days before a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-002319"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_META_20240119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $META 6 days before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2024-01-25","adsh":"0000950103-24-001152"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_HQY_20210326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HQY 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $HQY 6 days before a corporate insider (Hostetter Adam J  (CIK 0001774103)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HQY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HQY","filer":"Hostetter Adam J  (CIK 0001774103)","filingDate":"2021-04-01","adsh":"0001179110-21-003944"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_AXP_20210326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AXP 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $AXP 7 days before a corporate insider (Lauvergeon Anne  (CIK 0001570677)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Lauvergeon Anne  (CIK 0001570677)","filingDate":"2021-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-21-012716"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_GOOG_20240119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $GOOG 7 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2024-01-26","adsh":"0001209191-24-002324"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_JNJ_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JNJ 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $JNJ 7 days before a corporate insider (WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)","filingDate":"2021-03-11","adsh":"0001225208-21-005124"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_NVDA_20210225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $NVDA 7 days before a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2021-03-04","adsh":"0001045810-21-000028"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_DG_20210318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DG 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore buy $DG 8 days before a corporate insider (GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)","filingDate":"2021-03-26","adsh":"0001567619-21-007061"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001213_BAC_20240119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BAC 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Blake Moore sell $BAC 10 days before a corporate insider (Mogensen Lauren A  (CIK 0001888647)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"Mogensen Lauren A  (CIK 0001888647)","filingDate":"2024-01-29","adsh":"0001127602-24-002510"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_M001213_2024-02-07_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JNJ 19 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Blake Moore delivered a 1530-word floor speech on 2024-02-07 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speak- er, I thank the gentleman from Vir- ginia for sharing his perspective from his district just west of here. I think that is the point. A lot of folks come up and use this time to share a m…\"). The member sell $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 19 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-02-07","chamber":"House","wordCount":1530,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speak- er, I thank the gentleman from Vir- ginia for sharing his perspective from his district just west of here. I think that is the point. A lot of folks come up and use this time to share a m","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/02/07/170/22/CREC-2024-02-07-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/02/07/170/22/CREC-2024-02-07-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001213_2024-01-10_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JNJ 9 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Blake Moore delivered a 1376-word floor speech on 2024-01-10 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Georgia for his remarks emphasizing the need for good healthcare. I hear this from several of my friends, family, and constituents back home. I think one of the…\"). The member sell $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 9 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-01-10","chamber":"House","wordCount":1376,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Georgia for his remarks emphasizing the need for good healthcare. I hear this from several of my friends, family, and constituents back home. I think one of the","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/01/10/170/5/CREC-2024-01-10-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/01/10/170/5/CREC-2024-01-10-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001213_2023-12-13_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 27 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Blake Moore delivered a 4838-word floor speech on 2023-12-13 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speak- er, I appreciate the gentlewoman’s comprehensive view of the defense bill that we are going to be finalizing to- morrow. The Senate is currently vot- ing on it right now actually. This is…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 27 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-12-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":4838,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speak- er, I appreciate the gentlewoman’s comprehensive view of the defense bill that we are going to be finalizing to- morrow. The Senate is currently vot- ing on it right now actually. This is","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/12/13/169/205/CREC-2023-12-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/12/13/169/205/CREC-2023-12-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001213_2021-06-24_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MA 21 days before a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Blake Moore delivered a 263-word floor speech on 2021-06-24 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Madam Speak- er, I rise today to speak in opposition to the CRA before us. Innovation in our financial industry lifts Americans across all levels of the socioeconomic spectrum. A great ex- ample of th…\"). The member buy $MA (a Finance-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-06-24","chamber":"House","wordCount":263,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Madam Speak- er, I rise today to speak in opposition to the CRA before us. Innovation in our financial industry lifts Americans across all levels of the socioeconomic spectrum. A great ex- ample of th","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/06/24/167/110/CREC-2021-06-24-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-03"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/06/24/167/110/CREC-2021-06-24-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001213_2021-02-25_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RTX 1 day before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Blake Moore delivered a 293-word floor speech on 2021-02-25 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the contributions of Lieutenant Commander Michael J. Hall to his community, country, and the fight against COVID–19. Service to one’s country is rarely convenient, p…\"). The member buy $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-02-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":293,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the contributions of Lieutenant Commander Michael J. Hall to his community, country, and the fight against COVID–19. Service to one’s country is rarely convenient, p","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/25/CREC-2021-02-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-26"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/25/CREC-2021-02-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_M001213","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $200,000","explanation":"Blake Moore received campaign contributions totaling $200,000 from 29 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 29 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC. ($15,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC ($10,000); CATHOLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":29,"totalDollars":200000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES PAC","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC PAC ACCOUNT","ldaClient":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED HEALTH GROUP PAC","ldaClient":"CATHOLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001213","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $62,050 on 2024-06-24 (11.7× normal)","explanation":"Blake Moore's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $62,050 on 2024-06-24 — 11.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":123650,"maxRatio":11.7,"maxAmount":62050},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-06-24","amount":62050,"ratio":11.7,"baselineDaily":5314,"count":119,"cmteId":"C00738872","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00738872&min_date=2024-06-24&max_date=2024-06-24"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-12-14","amount":61600,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":5570,"count":20,"cmteId":"C00738872","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00738872&min_date=2023-12-14&max_date=2023-12-14"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00738872/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00738872&min_date=2024-06-24&max_date=2024-06-24"]},{"id":"P65_M001213_2024-01-19","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"24 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2024-01-19 — 15 unique tickers","explanation":"Blake Moore executed 24 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2024-01-19 to 2024-01-19), spanning 15 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2024-01-19","windowEnd":"2024-01-19","tradeCount":24,"uniqueTickers":15,"totalDisclosedTrades":118,"sampleTickers":["DIS","MSFT","GOOG","JNJ","AAPL","BRK.B","VUG","AXP","SPY","RTX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001213","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 67 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Blake Moore appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 67 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (18); committee pac conflict (12); insider followed trade (7); speech advocacy trade (5); coordinated trade cluster (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":67,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":18},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":12},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":2},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001213","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001213","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Blake Moore's campaign paid $6,542,206 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537)","explanation":"Blake Moore's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $6,542,206 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537 across 15 payments, services: GENERIC GOTV MAIL · VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE · PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542205.660000001,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"descriptions":["GENERIC GOTV MAIL","VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE & VAN ALLEN PLLC","total":617763.97,"count":3,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MARKETING","total":199510.41,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION DIRECT MAIL"]},{"payee":"MOORE INFORMATION GROUP","total":158700,"count":1,"descriptions":["SURVEY RESEARCH"]}],"surname":"moore"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0UT01205&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001213","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Blake Moore draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $14.6M total)","explanation":"Blake Moore's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $14.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.62,"pacSharePct":48.8,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0UT01205"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0UT01205/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_M001213","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Blake Moore executed 16 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AAPL (28d apart)","explanation":"Blake Moore has 16 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AAPL 2023-12-22 → 2024-01-19 (28d) · SELL→BUY AMZN 2021-05-03 → 2021-05-03 (0d) · SELL→BUY BABA 2021-02-22 → 2021-02-22 (0d) · SELL→BUY BABA 2021-08-17 → 2021-08-27 (10d) · BUY→SELL BABA 2021-08-27 → 2021-08-27 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":16,"samples":[{"ticker":"AAPL","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-12-22","date2":"2024-01-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-05-03","date2":"2021-05-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BABA","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-02-22","date2":"2021-02-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BABA","days":10,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-08-17","date2":"2021-08-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BABA","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-08-27","date2":"2021-08-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WYNN","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-08-04","date2":"2021-08-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WYNN","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-09-07","date2":"2021-09-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WYNN","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-10-13","date2":"2021-10-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001213","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Blake Moore triggers 19 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Blake Moore accumulates 19 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":19,"distinctDetectorTypes":23}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_M001213_2024-01-19","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Blake Moore — 24 trades on 2024-01-19","explanation":"Blake Moore disclosed 24 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2024-01-19). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2024-01-19","count":24}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001213","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Blake Moore — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (118/118)","explanation":"Blake Moore's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":118,"atBracket":118,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001213_BABA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Blake Moore — 12 disclosed trades in single ticker BABA","explanation":"Blake Moore traded BABA on 12 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the BABA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"BABA","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000481":[{"id":"P2_F000481_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $28,100 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Shomari Figures serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $28,100 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":28100,"count":8,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://figures.house.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shomari_Figures","http://www.ciclt.net/sn/leg_app/po_detail.aspx?ClientCode=slt&P_IDEO=alush02"]},{"id":"P2_F000481_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $15,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Shomari Figures serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $15,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":15000,"count":3,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://figures.house.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shomari_Figures","http://www.ciclt.net/sn/leg_app/po_detail.aspx?ClientCode=slt&P_IDEO=alush02"]},{"id":"P2_F000481_btof15","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Shomari Figures serves on committees regulating Transportation (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://figures.house.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shomari_Figures","http://www.ciclt.net/sn/leg_app/po_detail.aspx?ClientCode=slt&P_IDEO=alush02"]},{"id":"P2_F000481_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Shomari Figures serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://figures.house.gov/about/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shomari_Figures","http://www.ciclt.net/sn/leg_app/po_detail.aspx?ClientCode=slt&P_IDEO=alush02"]},{"id":"P6_F000481_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,392,396 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $2,392,396 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 29 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":2392395.7600000002,"oppose":0,"events":29}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P15_F000481_ttqbmo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,510 donation spike on 2024-09-24 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-24 this committee recorded $75,510 across 52 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,192.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00856237","date":"2024-09-24","amount":75510,"count":52,"baseline":9192,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856237/"]},{"id":"P15_F000481_qjertv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,000 donation spike on 2023-12-31 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-31 this committee recorded $66,000 across 37 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,039.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00856237","date":"2023-12-31","amount":66000,"count":37,"baseline":5039,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856237/"]},{"id":"P19_F000481_z9floo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Shomari Figures campaign paid $11,033,072 to 27 surname-matched vendors, top: TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","explanation":"Shomari Figures's campaign paid 190 disbursements totaling $11,033,072 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","total":3714639,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":1038313,"date":"2018-09-14","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":548961,"date":"2018-09-18","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":366563,"date":"2010-09-23","description":"ADVANCE DIRECT MAIL COSTS (SEE MEMO TEXT FOR DETAILED EXPLANATION)","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","total":1507426.99,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":235265,"date":"2012-10-10","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":134550,"date":"2010-07-16","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION & PRINTING","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":100265.14,"date":"2014-10-23","description":"DIRECT MAILING","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","total":1094719.15,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":106580.15,"date":"2020-10-27","description":"EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":99177,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"BULK MAIL, LITERATURE, RETREAT AND TRAINING","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":91000,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"MAIL PROGRAM: MAILING # 3","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH LESTER","total":987053.9,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH LESTER","amount":987053.9,"date":"2020-09-18","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HEMENWAY & BARNES LLP","total":775000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"HEMENWAY & BARNES LLP","amount":100000,"date":"2023-09-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HEMENWAY & BARNES LLP","amount":100000,"date":"2023-07-31","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HEMENWAY & BARNES LLP","amount":100000,"date":"2023-08-31","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS, INC.","total":435144,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS, INC.","amount":103520,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"PRINTED MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS, INC.","amount":75860,"date":"2012-10-04","description":"PRINTED MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS, INC.","amount":69015,"date":"2014-10-06","description":"PRINTED MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TERRIS%20BARNES%20%26%20WALTERS"]},{"id":"P47_F000481_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Shomari Figures sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"]},{"id":"P47_F000481_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_117936","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Shomari Figures sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"\". The witness Mr. Nick Daniels (National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117936","title":"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"","date":"2025-03-04T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Nick Daniels","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000481_Seafarers_International_Union__117821","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Seafarers International Union of North America testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Shomari Figures sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Schoeneman (Seafarers International Union of North America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","eventId":"117821","title":"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-02-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Schoeneman","witnessOrg":"Seafarers International Union of North America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000481_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Shomari Figures sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Rich Santa (National Air Traffic Controllers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Rich Santa","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000481_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_115520","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Shomari Figures sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Navigating the Comprehensive Passenger Experience\". The witness Mr. Rich Santa (National Air Traffic Controllers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115520","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Navigating the Comprehensive Passenger Experience","date":"2023-03-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Rich Santa","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115520"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115520","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P51_F000481_SAVE_AMERICA","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid SAVE AMERICA $126.7M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Shomari Figures's campaign committee paid $126,664,763.55 to SAVE AMERICA across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 25333.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"SAVE AMERICA","total":126664763.55,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA"},{"source":"donor","name":"VOTE SAVE AMERICA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P61_F000481","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $124,900","explanation":"Shomari Figures received campaign contributions totaling $124,900 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($15,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($14,900); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":124900,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":14900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_F000481","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $66,000 on 2023-12-31 (13.1× normal)","explanation":"Shomari Figures's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $66,000 on 2023-12-31 — 13.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":66000,"maxRatio":13.1,"maxAmount":66000},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-12-31","amount":66000,"ratio":13.1,"baselineDaily":5039,"count":37,"cmteId":"C00856237","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00856237&min_date=2023-12-31&max_date=2023-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856237/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00856237&min_date=2023-12-31&max_date=2023-12-31"]},{"id":"P90_F000481","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shomari Figures's campaign paid $15,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: FIGURES FOR U. S. SENATE ($10,000)","explanation":"Shomari Figures's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $15,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FIGURES FOR U. S. SENATE ($10,000 across 2 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":15000,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FIGURES FOR U. S. SENATE","total":10000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"FIGURES, VIVIAN","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DOOR TO DOOR, POLLING, CANVASSING, GOTV PHONE CALL, SAMPLE BALLOTS"]}],"surname":"figures"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4AL02170&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_F000481","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shomari Figures draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.3M PAC / $6.8M total)","explanation":"Shomari Figures's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.3M of $6.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.32,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.84,"pacSharePct":34,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4AL02170"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AL02170/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_F000481","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shomari Figures's PAC funding concentrates 34% in Labor ($0.04M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"Shomari Figures's PAC donors concentrate 34% in the Labor industry — $0.04M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.04M · Technology $0.03M · Real Estate $0.01M · Education $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":33.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.04,"Technology":0.03,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AL02170/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_F000481","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shomari Figures — DW-NOMINATE -0.39 vs AL delegation mean 0.22 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Shomari Figures's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.39) is 1.6 standard deviations from the AL delegation mean (0.22). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"AL","memberScore":-0.394,"delegationMean":0.21818181818181823,"zscore":"1.62"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"J000295":[{"id":"P2_J000295_15c02q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"FIFTH THIRD BANK gave $51,284 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Joyce serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $51,284 from FIFTH THIRD BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FIFTH THIRD BANK","total":51284.11,"count":8,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000295","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/J000295/117"]},{"id":"P2_J000295_4e1d1e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITION gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"David Joyce serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000295","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/J000295/117"]},{"id":"P2_J000295_17dt87","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"David Joyce serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000295","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/J000295/117"]},{"id":"P2_J000295_qydrvz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIAT gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"David Joyce serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000295","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/J000295/117"]},{"id":"P2_J000295_f7wkbz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"STERIS CORPORATION GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"David Joyce serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from STERIS CORPORATION GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"STERIS CORPORATION GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000295","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/J000295/117"]},{"id":"P2_J000295_bcsvhy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Joyce serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000295","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/J000295/117"]},{"id":"P2_J000295_e6vs0z","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LPL FINANCIAL LLC PAC (LPL PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Joyce serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from LPL FINANCIAL LLC PAC (LPL PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LPL FINANCIAL LLC PAC (LPL PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000295","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/J000295/117"]},{"id":"P2_J000295_uwxch1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"David Joyce serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GDC PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GDC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Ethics"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000295","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/J000295/117"]},{"id":"P4_J000295_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 384d late on avg — overall avg only 370d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 384.2 days — versus 369.6 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":5,"avgGap":384},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":21,"avgGap":370},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_J000295_wqbfa3","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$261,550 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Association of Nurse Anesthetis (also direct donor)","explanation":"American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Separate Segregated Fund (CRNA-PAC) spent $261,550 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00173153","name":"American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Separate Segregated Fund (CRNA-PAC)","support":261550.4,"oppose":0,"events":6},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00173153/"]},{"id":"P9_J000295_ujv7ne","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,278 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $62,278 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":62278.08999999998,"oppose":0,"net":62278.08999999998,"events":30,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":43953.32,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":15084.110000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":1505.9299999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004361","name":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS ","support":1480.02,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":254.70999999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000295_7tu1tu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,225 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $90,225 across 50 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,276.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00527457","date":"2018-06-30","amount":90225,"count":50,"baseline":7276,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00527457/"]},{"id":"P15_J000295_5gyon7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,950 donation spike on 2013-06-14 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-14 this committee recorded $71,950 across 51 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,646.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00527457","date":"2013-06-14","amount":71950,"count":51,"baseline":10646,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00527457/"]},{"id":"P15_J000295_5h0lms","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,300 donation spike on 2013-09-29 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-29 this committee recorded $63,300 across 41 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,403.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00527457","date":"2013-09-29","amount":63300,"count":41,"baseline":10403,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00527457/"]},{"id":"P15_J000295_7tvyrr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,770 donation spike on 2018-09-27 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-27 this committee recorded $59,770 across 44 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,937.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00527457","date":"2018-09-27","amount":59770,"count":44,"baseline":6937,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00527457/"]},{"id":"P15_J000295_yu77s9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,350 donation spike on 2015-10-22 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-10-22 this committee recorded $52,350 across 23 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,516.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00527457","date":"2015-10-22","amount":52350,"count":23,"baseline":7516,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00527457/"]},{"id":"P17_J000295_BLK_2018-03-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-03-29 and 2018-04-05, 4 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2018-03-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000295","name":"David Joyce"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2018-03-29 to 2018-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000295_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Joyce executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2023-06-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2023-06-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 8G","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-05-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Technical Amendments to Form BD and Form BDW","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2023-05-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000295_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Joyce executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2023-06-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Credit Assistance and Related Fees for Water Resources Infrastructure Projects","agency":"Defense Department, Engineers Corps","date":"2023-05-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000295_cwr2h2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Joyce campaign paid $10,906,846 to 33 surname-matched vendors, top: CRITTON, LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP LAW OF","explanation":"David Joyce's campaign paid 123 disbursements totaling $10,906,846 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRITTON, LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP LAW OFFICES TRUST ACCOUNT","total":3000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRITTON, LUTTIER & COLEMAN, LLP LAW OFFICES TRUST ACCOUNT","amount":3000000,"date":"2022-08-30","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COLEMAN DAHM & ASSOCIATES","total":2146381.09,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"COLEMAN DAHM & ASSOCIATES","amount":277033.92,"date":"2010-04-01","description":"MESSAGE PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"COLEMAN DAHM & ASSOCIATES","amount":237117.92,"date":"2004-09-11","description":"FEA GOTV BALLOT PRINTING & MAILING","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"COLEMAN DAHM & ASSOCIATES","amount":180000,"date":"2006-07-10","description":"FEA-EARLY GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NORM COLEMAN FOR U S SENATE","total":1213498,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"NORM COLEMAN FOR U S SENATE","amount":515000,"date":"2002-03-28","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NORM COLEMAN FOR U S SENATE","amount":235000,"date":"2002-03-28","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NORM COLEMAN FOR U S SENATE","amount":150000,"date":"2002-08-20","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOYCE, JOHN","total":906423,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JOYCE, JOHN","amount":158859,"date":"2024-02-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOYCE, JOHN","amount":143282,"date":"2024-02-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOYCE, JOHN","amount":110000,"date":"2025-01-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NORM COLEMAN FOR U.S. SENATE","total":750000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NORM COLEMAN FOR U.S. SENATE","amount":515000,"date":"2002-03-28","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NORM COLEMAN FOR U.S. SENATE","amount":235000,"date":"2002-03-28","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COLEMAN JET, LLC","total":485689.96,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"COLEMAN JET, LLC","amount":179000,"date":"2020-01-03","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COLEMAN JET, LLC","amount":71321.94,"date":"2020-10-01","description":"TRANSPORTATION","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COLEMAN JET, LLC","amount":70238.77,"date":"2020-10-16","description":"TRANSPORTATION","surnameMatched":"coleman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CRITTON"]},{"id":"P20_J000295_xoigtu","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"David Joyce sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2018-03-29","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2017-07-03","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_J000295","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"86% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 13.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 130 disclosed trades, 112 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 13.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":112,"total":130,"rate":86.2},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":13.38}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_J000295","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"David Joyce has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":22,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_J000295_BLK_20230630","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BLK 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Joyce sell $BLK 5 days before a corporate insider (Freda Fabrizio  (CIK 0001428855)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Freda Fabrizio  (CIK 0001428855)","filingDate":"2023-07-05","adsh":"0001127602-23-020268"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000295_SPY_20200311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPY 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Joyce buy $SPY 8 days before a corporate insider (Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPY","filer":"Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001654954-20-002851"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P58_J000295","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$62K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 71% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"David Joyce received $62,278.09 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($43,953.32 = 71%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":62278.08999999998,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":2463.33,"2014":34498.21000000001,"2016":17453.5,"2018":4621.68,"2022":652.53,"2024":3241.37},"corpCount":6},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":43953.32,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":15084.110000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":1505.9299999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002118/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004361","name":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS ","support":1480.02,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004361/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":254.70999999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_J000295","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $241,284.11","explanation":"David Joyce received campaign contributions totaling $241,284.11 from 29 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 28 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FIFTH THIRD BANK ($51,284.11); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS ($10,000); CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC. ($10,000); CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP ($10,000); AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":29,"totalDollars":241284.11,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"FIFTH THIRD BANK","ldaClient":"FIFTH THIRD BANK","donorTotal":51284.11,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE PROFESSIONALS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC PAC","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","ldaClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_J000295","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $90,225 on 2018-06-30 (12.4× normal)","explanation":"David Joyce's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $90,225 on 2018-06-30 — 12.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":90225,"maxRatio":12.4,"maxAmount":90225},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-06-30","amount":90225,"ratio":12.4,"baselineDaily":7276,"count":50,"cmteId":"C00527457","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00527457&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00527457/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00527457&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_J000295","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 28 total findings across the platform","explanation":"David Joyce appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 28 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (8); daily donation spike (5); reg rule trade proximity (2); insider front ran trade (2); selective filing delay (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":28,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":8},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/J000295","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_J000295","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Joyce's campaign paid $625,000 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH ($380,000)","explanation":"David Joyce's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 13 payments totaling $625,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH ($380,000 across 3 payments, services: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION · 2024 VOLUNTARY NON-FEDERAL PRIMARY · CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":625000.03,"paymentCount":13,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH","total":380000,"count":3,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","2024 VOLUNTARY NON-FEDERAL PRIMARY","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE","total":70000,"count":2,"descriptions":["JOYCE CRAIG, GOVERNOR  NH"]},{"payee":"HEALY-ABRAMS, JOYCE","total":65000.03,"count":3,"descriptions":["PAYMENT FOR PRIMARY ELECTION LOAN"]},{"payee":"NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY ATTN: CAROLINE JOYCE","total":55000,"count":2,"descriptions":["GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS"]},{"payee":"TEAM JOYCE FOR PENNSYLVANIA","total":40000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"joyce"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OH14064&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_J000295","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Joyce ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.2M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"David Joyce's FEC-bulk record shows $18.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $34.8M (PAC: $18.2M, individual: $14.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.79,"lifetimeIndividualM":14.63,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2OH14064"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH14064/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_J000295","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Joyce draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.2M PAC / $34.8M total)","explanation":"David Joyce's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.2M of $34.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.79,"pacSharePct":52.2,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2OH14064"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH14064/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_J000295","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Joyce disclosed 6 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL FFHRX $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"David Joyce has filed 6 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL FFHRX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-03-22 · SELL IWM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-21 · BUY MAIPX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-11 · BUY VCSH $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-11.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":6,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":600006,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"FFHRX","action":"SELL","date":"2019-03-22","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"IWM","action":"SELL","date":"2018-12-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MAIPX","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VCSH","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FSTFX","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"IWF","action":"BUY","date":"2017-01-30","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_J000295","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Joyce's PAC funding concentrates 41% in Finance ($0.06M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"David Joyce's PAC donors concentrate 41% in the Finance industry — $0.06M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.06M · Oil & Gas $0.02M · Healthcare $0.02M · Real Estate $0.01M · Labor $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":41.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.06,"Oil & Gas":0.02,"Healthcare":0.02,"Real Estate":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Technology":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH14064/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P178_J000295_2018-03-29","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Joyce — 15 trades on 2018-03-29","explanation":"David Joyce disclosed 15 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-03-29). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-03-29","count":15}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_J000295","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Joyce — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (130/130)","explanation":"David Joyce's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":130,"atBracket":130,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_J000295","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Joyce — 57 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"David Joyce has traded 57 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":57,"sample":["BLK","GBDC","XBI","TRP","C","BA","IWF","VCSH","PPA","PAVE"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001103":[{"id":"P2_C001103_esr6m7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIA gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_9r1fvu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_itof9c","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"POET PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from POET PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"POET PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_bh4137","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PINNACLE WEST CAPITAL CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PINNACLE WEST CAPITAL CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PINNACLE WEST CAPITAL CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_yv0gnc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_uuujsp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T FEDERAL PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T FEDERAL PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_i7ou51","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_o6r6rj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P2_C001103_dz1ojx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COM gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from KOCH INDUSTRIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://buddycarter.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3766","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Carter","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001103"]},{"id":"P15_C001103_h8b9yw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$182,000 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $182,000 across 112 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,306.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543967","date":"2025-06-30","amount":182000,"count":112,"baseline":15306,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/"]},{"id":"P15_C001103_h89d0b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,422 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $124,422 across 105 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,451.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543967","date":"2025-09-30","amount":124422,"count":105,"baseline":10451,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/"]},{"id":"P15_C001103_h8b9zo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,325 donation spike on 2025-06-23 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-23 this committee recorded $70,325 across 26 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,778.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543967","date":"2025-06-23","amount":70325,"count":26,"baseline":7778,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/"]},{"id":"P15_C001103_gp56l1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,550 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $63,550 across 63 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,348.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543967","date":"2017-06-30","amount":63550,"count":63,"baseline":5348,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/"]},{"id":"P15_C001103_20axqh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,000 donation spike on 2018-10-12 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-12 this committee recorded $58,000 across 41 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,307.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543967","date":"2018-10-12","amount":58000,"count":41,"baseline":5307,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/"]},{"id":"P15_C001103_4dm9io","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,900 donation spike on 2013-06-28 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-28 this committee recorded $55,900 across 79 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,840.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543967","date":"2013-06-28","amount":55900,"count":79,"baseline":8840,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/"]},{"id":"P15_C001103_gp3wnj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,750 donation spike on 2017-08-16 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-08-16 this committee recorded $55,750 across 60 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,040.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543967","date":"2017-08-16","amount":55750,"count":60,"baseline":7040,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/"]},{"id":"P15_C001103_cnndte","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,500 donation spike on 2019-06-13 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-13 this committee recorded $54,500 across 41 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,214.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543967","date":"2019-06-13","amount":54500,"count":41,"baseline":7214,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/"]},{"id":"P19_C001103_f0v1lo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl “Buddy” Carter campaign paid $4,724,333 to 32 surname-matched vendors, top: FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter's campaign paid 151 disbursements totaling $4,724,333 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","total":1490291.5,"count":62,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","amount":398171.12,"date":"2004-11-01","description":"EXEMPT VOTER TURNOUT CALLS","surnameMatched":"hodges","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","amount":93661.13,"date":"2004-10-25","description":"EXEMPT - VOTER TURNOUT CALLS","surnameMatched":"hodges","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","amount":70182.24,"date":"2004-10-28","description":"EXEMPT VOTER TURNOUT CALLS","surnameMatched":"hodges","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARTER PRINTING","total":405484.58999999997,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING","amount":51495,"date":"2007-06-06","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING","amount":46123,"date":"2006-02-18","description":"DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING","amount":29867.62,"date":"2013-02-10","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARTER, EARL LEROY","total":300000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CARTER, EARL LEROY","amount":200000,"date":"2018-04-26","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CARTER, EARL LEROY","amount":50000,"date":"2018-04-26","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CARTER, EARL LEROY","amount":50000,"date":"2016-12-29","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHOR","total":275293.94999999995,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHOR","amount":136920.9,"date":"2004-10-30","description":"GENERIC GOTV CALLS","surnameMatched":"hodges","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHOR","amount":57023.24,"date":"2004-11-03","description":"GENERIC GOTV CALLS","surnameMatched":"hodges","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHOR","amount":34701.14,"date":"2004-11-05","description":"GENERIC GOTV CALLS","surnameMatched":"hodges","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARTER-MONDALE REELECTION COMMITTEE, INC (1980 GEN PCC & COMPLIANCE FUND)","total":229333,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CARTER-MONDALE REELECTION COMMITTEE, INC (1980 GEN PCC & COMPLIANCE FUND)","amount":101080,"date":"1981-06-29","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982},{"payee":"CARTER-MONDALE REELECTION COMMITTEE, INC (1980 GEN PCC & COMPLIANCE FUND)","amount":52558,"date":"1982-03-17","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982},{"payee":"CARTER-MONDALE REELECTION COMMITTEE, INC (1980 GEN PCC & COMPLIANCE FUND)","amount":29049,"date":"1983-03-02","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1984}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARTER PRINTING COMPANY","total":198572.08000000002,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING COMPANY","amount":73541.28,"date":"2018-12-13","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING COMPANY","amount":48418.79,"date":"2018-12-10","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING COMPANY","amount":39733.76,"date":"2020-01-06","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"carter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FEATHER%20HODGES%20LARSON%20%26%20SYNHORST"]},{"id":"P43_C001103_ABCB_20240723","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABCB 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter sell $ABCB 9 days before a corporate insider (Strange Douglas D  (CIK 0002019144)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABCB","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABCB","filer":"Strange Douglas D  (CIK 0002019144)","filingDate":"2024-08-01","adsh":"0002019144-24-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_C001103_NCTA_The_Internet_and_Televisi_117838","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NCTA-The Internet and Television Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2025-01-23 held a hearing titled \"Strengthening American Leadership in Wireless Technology\". The witness Michael Powell (NCTA-The Internet and Television Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"117838","title":"Strengthening American Leadership in Wireless Technology","date":"2025-01-23T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Powell","witnessOrg":"NCTA-The Internet and Television Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117838"},{"source":"donor","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20%26%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTAPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117838","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20%26%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTAPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_C001103_National_Community_Pharmacists_118954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Community Pharmacists Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Lowering Health Care Costs for All\r\nAmericans: An Examination of the Prescription Drug Supply Chain\". The witness B. Douglas Hoey (National Community Pharmacists Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118954","title":"Lowering Health Care Costs for All\r\nAmericans: An Examination of the Prescription Drug Supply Chain","date":"2026-02-11T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"B. Douglas Hoey","witnessOrg":"National Community Pharmacists Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION - PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COMMUNITY%20PHARMACISTS%20ASSOCIATION%20-%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COMMUNITY%20PHARMACISTS%20ASSOCIATION%20-%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001103_American_Chemistry_Council_118897","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Chemistry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2026-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“Chemicals in Commerce: Legislative Proposal to Modernize America’s Chemical Safety Law, Strengthen Critical Supply Chai…\". The witness Dr. Kimberly White (American Chemistry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"118897","title":"“Chemicals in Commerce: Legislative Proposal to Modernize America’s Chemical Safety Law, Strengthen Critical Supply Chains, and Grow Domestic Manufacturing.”","date":"2026-01-22T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Kimberly White","witnessOrg":"American Chemistry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118897"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118897","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001103_American_Chemistry_Council_117835","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Chemistry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2025-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”\". The witness Mr. Chris Jahn (American Chemistry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"117835","title":"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”","date":"2025-01-22T15:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Jahn","witnessOrg":"American Chemistry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001103_American_Academy_of_Neurology_116264","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Academy of Neurology testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-07-18 held a hearing titled \"Innovation Saves Lives: Evaluating Medicare Coverage Pathways for Innovative Drugs, Medical Devices, and Technology\". The witness Dr. Natalia Rost, M.D. (American Academy of Neurology) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116264","title":"Innovation Saves Lives: Evaluating Medicare Coverage Pathways for Innovative Drugs, Medical Devices, and Technology","date":"2023-07-18T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Natalia Rost, M.D.","witnessOrg":"American Academy of Neurology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116264"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY BRAINPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ACADEMY%20OF%20NEUROLOGY%20BRAINPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116264","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ACADEMY%20OF%20NEUROLOGY%20BRAINPAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001103_NCTA_The_Internet_and_Televisi_115463","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NCTA—The Internet and Television Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-03-10 held a hearing titled \"Defending America’s Wireless Leadership\". The witness James Assey (NCTA—The Internet and Television Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115463","title":"Defending America’s Wireless Leadership","date":"2023-03-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"James Assey","witnessOrg":"NCTA—The Internet and Television Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115463"},{"source":"donor","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20%26%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTAPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115463","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20%26%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTAPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_C001103_Community_Oncology_Alliance_116116","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats\". The witness Mr. Ted Okon, MBA (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116116","title":"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats","date":"2023-06-13T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ted Okon, MBA","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116"},{"source":"donor","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_C001103","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $220,000","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter received campaign contributions totaling $220,000 from 33 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 33 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); CARDINAL HEALTH, INC. ($10,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RHEUMATOLOGY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":33,"totalDollars":220000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC AKA CARDINAL HEALTH COMPANIES PAC","ldaClient":"CARDINAL HEALTH, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RHEUMATOLOGY (RHEUMPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RHEUMATOLOGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001103","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $182,000 on 2025-06-30 (11.9× normal)","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $182,000 on 2025-06-30 — 11.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":427972,"maxRatio":11.9,"maxAmount":182000},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":182000,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":15306,"count":112,"cmteId":"C00543967","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543967&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":124422,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":10451,"count":105,"cmteId":"C00543967","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543967&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-06-30","amount":63550,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":5348,"count":63,"cmteId":"C00543967","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543967&min_date=2017-06-30&max_date=2017-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-10-12","amount":58000,"ratio":10.9,"baselineDaily":5307,"count":41,"cmteId":"C00543967","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543967&min_date=2018-10-12&max_date=2018-10-12"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543967/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543967&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"]},{"id":"P90_C001103","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl “Buddy” Carter's campaign paid $1,355,704 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: CARTER PRINTING ($405,485)","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 42 payments totaling $1,355,704 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CARTER PRINTING ($405,485 across 16 payments, services: POSTAGE · DIRECT MAIL COSTS · PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1355703.86,"paymentCount":42,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING","total":405484.58999999997,"count":16,"descriptions":["POSTAGE","DIRECT MAIL COSTS","PRINTING"]},{"payee":"CARTER PRINTING COMPANY","total":198572.08000000002,"count":4,"descriptions":["PRINTING"]},{"payee":"WISE CARTER CHILD & CARAWAY P.A.","total":193191.65,"count":5,"descriptions":["001-LEGAL FEES","LEGAL FEES"]},{"payee":"CARTER, JOHN W","total":176638,"count":2,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN BY CANDIDATE","LOAN FROM CANDIDATE"]},{"payee":"CARTER, CHARLES A. MR.","total":101318.26,"count":4,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING - SIGN REMOVAL & INSTALLATION","ADVERTISING-SIGN REMOVAL & INSTALLATION"]}],"surname":"carter"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4GA01039&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001103","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl “Buddy” Carter draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.1M PAC / $24.5M total)","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.1M of $24.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.53,"pacSharePct":49.4,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H4GA01039"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4GA01039/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_C001103","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Earl “Buddy” Carter disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL ABCB $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL ABCB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-07-23 · SELL ABCB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-07-19 · SELL ABCB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-07-18.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":300003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ABCB","action":"SELL","date":"2024-07-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ABCB","action":"SELL","date":"2024-07-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ABCB","action":"SELL","date":"2024-07-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_C001103","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earl “Buddy” Carter's PAC funding concentrates 44% in Finance ($0.06M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter's PAC donors concentrate 44% in the Finance industry — $0.06M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.06M · Pharma $0.04M · Telecom $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":44,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.06,"Pharma":0.04,"Telecom":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4GA01039/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P188_C001103","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Earl “Buddy” Carter — 11 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Earl “Buddy” Carter disclosed 11 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":17,"noTickerTrades":11}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000582":[{"id":"P2_L000582_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $33,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $33,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":33000,"count":10,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_pfex4q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTER POLI gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NABPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NABPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_breq6q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ERNST & YOUNG PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Legal-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Legal (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from ERNST & YOUNG PAC, a Legal PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ERNST & YOUNG PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Legal"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_sngt8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_tiry5i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UPSPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UPSPAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UPSPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_i4cjuv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VOTEVETS FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from VOTEVETS FEDERAL PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VOTEVETS FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_lq281y","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSDIGM GROUP INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSDIGM GROUP INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSDIGM GROUP INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_l9pg3w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUN gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $4,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000582_c22vez","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"DELTA AIR LINES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $3,500 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Ted Lieu serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,500 from DELTA AIR LINES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELTA AIR LINES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Judiciary","Judiciary","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://votevets.org/candidates/congressman-ted-lieu","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Lieu","http://lieu.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P10_L000582_l2db9v","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,998,681 / spent $1,958,173","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00589309","cmteName":"BLUE MOMENTUM PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":138750,"totalDisbursements":132760.3,"cashOnHand":5989.75},{"cmteId":"C00589309","cmteName":"BLUE MOMENTUM PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":603012.1,"totalDisbursements":605635.1,"cashOnHand":3366.74},{"cmteId":"C00589309","cmteName":"BLUE MOMENTUM PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":336532.3,"totalDisbursements":315080,"cashOnHand":24819.11},{"cmteId":"C00589309","cmteName":"BLUE MOMENTUM PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":244909.1,"totalDisbursements":246320.4,"cashOnHand":23407.83},{"cmteId":"C00798579","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":134904,"totalDisbursements":110654,"cashOnHand":24249.99}],"totalRaised":1998681,"totalSpent":1958173.2999999998}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000582_705vme","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $9,038,297 in itemized individual contributions, $5,447,665 (60%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":9038297,"buckets":{"$200 and under":93387,"$200.01-$499":524228,"$500-$999":1052285,"$1000-$1999":1920732,"$2000 and over":5447665},"megaShare":60.3,"smallDonorShare":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000582_4sh181","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,975 donation spike on 2016-04-25 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-04-25 this committee recorded $80,975 across 60 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,152.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00556506","date":"2016-04-25","amount":80975,"count":60,"baseline":9152,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/"]},{"id":"P15_L000582_af3zeb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,765 donation spike on 2023-03-13 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-13 this committee recorded $67,765 across 62 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,197.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00556506","date":"2023-03-13","amount":67765,"count":62,"baseline":7197,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/"]},{"id":"P15_L000582_okaw9e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,150 donation spike on 2014-05-14 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-05-14 this committee recorded $64,150 across 53 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,385.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00556506","date":"2014-05-14","amount":64150,"count":53,"baseline":9385,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/"]},{"id":"P15_L000582_4sge99","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,300 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $63,300 across 56 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,309.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00556506","date":"2016-03-31","amount":63300,"count":56,"baseline":6309,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/"]},{"id":"P15_L000582_af3zdj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,260 donation spike on 2023-03-20 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-20 this committee recorded $56,260 across 25 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,169.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00556506","date":"2023-03-20","amount":56260,"count":25,"baseline":9169,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/"]},{"id":"P15_L000582_y5a8ms","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,800 donation spike on 2018-05-16 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-16 this committee recorded $54,800 across 43 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,844.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00556506","date":"2018-05-16","amount":54800,"count":43,"baseline":6844,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/"]},{"id":"P15_L000582_4sywt6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,075 donation spike on 2016-11-08 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-11-08 this committee recorded $51,075 across 56 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,672.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00556506","date":"2016-11-08","amount":51075,"count":56,"baseline":7672,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/"]},{"id":"P15_L000582_ojualo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,900 donation spike on 2014-10-14 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-10-14 this committee recorded $50,900 across 49 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,031.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00556506","date":"2014-10-14","amount":50900,"count":49,"baseline":6031,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/"]},{"id":"P19_L000582_c5cb4a","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Lieu campaign paid $297,088 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","explanation":"Ted Lieu's campaign paid 102 disbursements totaling $297,088 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","total":164785.68999999997,"count":63,"samples":[{"payee":"LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":7250,"date":"2025-12-18","description":"ACCOUNTING CONSULTING - 9/2025 - 12/2025","surnameMatched":"leiderman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":6801.6,"date":"2024-11-14","description":"ACCOUNTING CONSULTING & EXPENSES - 9/2024,10/2024,11/2024","surnameMatched":"leiderman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":5700,"date":"2024-02-02","description":"ACCOUNTING FEE","surnameMatched":"leiderman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES","total":108302.49,"count":37,"samples":[{"payee":"LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":5770.57,"date":"2015-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING FEE AND EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"leiderman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":5111.82,"date":"2016-01-12","description":"ACCOUNTING FEE AND EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"leiderman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"LEIDERMAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":5065.96,"date":"2016-04-27","description":"ACCOUNTING FEE AND EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"leiderman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LIEU, KERRY","total":12000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LIEU, KERRY","amount":12000,"date":"2025-05-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"lieu","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LIEU, GEORGE","total":12000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LIEU, GEORGE","amount":12000,"date":"2025-05-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"lieu","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LEIDERMAN%20%26%20ASSOCIATES"]},{"id":"P61_L000582","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $103,200","explanation":"Ted Lieu received campaign contributions totaling $103,200 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($23,200); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); WHITE COAT WASTE PROJECT INC ($5,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":103200,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":23200,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WHITE COAT WASTE PROJECT PAC","ldaClient":"WHITE COAT WASTE PROJECT INC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC (NMHC PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000582","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $63,300 on 2016-03-31 (10.0× normal)","explanation":"Ted Lieu's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $63,300 on 2016-03-31 — 10.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":63300,"maxRatio":10,"maxAmount":63300},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-03-31","amount":63300,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":6309,"count":56,"cmteId":"C00556506","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00556506&min_date=2016-03-31&max_date=2016-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00556506/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00556506&min_date=2016-03-31&max_date=2016-03-31"]},{"id":"P109_L000582","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Lieu named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.1M total receipts) — top: TED LIEU VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Ted Lieu appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TED LIEU VICTORY FUND (C00816611, $1.1M receipts, treasurer HALE, TONY). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.06,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00816611","name":"TED LIEU VICTORY FUND","receipts":1056204.59,"treasurer":"HALE, TONY","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816611/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816611/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00816611/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_L000582","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Lieu's PAC funding concentrates 32% in Technology ($0.04M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Ted Lieu's PAC donors concentrate 32% in the Technology industry — $0.04M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.04M · Labor $0.03M · Agriculture $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":32.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.04,"Labor":0.03,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Transportation":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA33119/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_L000582","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Lieu operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($2.0M combined receipts)","explanation":"Ted Lieu operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $2.0M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: BLUE MOMENTUM PAC (C00589309) · PROGRESSIVE PAC (C00798579).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00589309","cmteName":"BLUE MOMENTUM PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00798579","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00589309/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00798579/"]}],"A000380":[{"id":"P2_A000380_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $15,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabe Amo serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $15,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":15000,"count":3,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Amo","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000380","https://legisletter.org/legislator/gabe-amo-A000380/committees"]},{"id":"P2_A000380_bi60u7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabe Amo serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Amo","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000380","https://legisletter.org/legislator/gabe-amo-A000380/committees"]},{"id":"P2_A000380_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabe Amo serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Amo","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000380","https://legisletter.org/legislator/gabe-amo-A000380/committees"]},{"id":"P2_A000380_9fajpl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabe Amo serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Amo","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000380","https://legisletter.org/legislator/gabe-amo-A000380/committees"]},{"id":"P2_A000380_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Gabe Amo serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Budget","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabe_Amo","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000380","https://legisletter.org/legislator/gabe-amo-A000380/committees"]},{"id":"P15_A000380_t0ktub","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,425 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $80,425 across 101 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,466.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00838060","date":"2023-06-30","amount":80425,"count":101,"baseline":7466,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00838060/"]},{"id":"P15_A000380_t04v7m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,550 donation spike on 2023-10-18 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-10-18 this committee recorded $64,550 across 100 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,211.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00838060","date":"2023-10-18","amount":64550,"count":100,"baseline":9211,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00838060/"]},{"id":"P15_A000380_ec8glh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,350 donation spike on 2024-03-29 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-29 this committee recorded $50,350 across 78 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,994.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00838060","date":"2024-03-29","amount":50350,"count":78,"baseline":3994,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00838060/"]},{"id":"P51_A000380_BLOOMBERG_MICHAEL_R_","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid BLOOMBERG, MICHAEL R. $58.0M — vendor also donated $6,600","explanation":"Gabe Amo's campaign committee paid $58,000,000 to BLOOMBERG, MICHAEL R. across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $6,600 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 8787.9× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"BLOOMBERG, MICHAEL R.","total":58000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=BLOOMBERG%2C%20MICHAEL%20R."},{"source":"donor","name":"BLOOMBERG, MICHAEL R.","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLOOMBERG%2C%20MICHAEL%20R."}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=BLOOMBERG%2C%20MICHAEL%20R.","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLOOMBERG%2C%20MICHAEL%20R."]},{"id":"P61_A000380","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $165,000","explanation":"Gabe Amo received campaign contributions totaling $165,000 from 23 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 23 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($15,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); GENERAL DYNAMICS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":23,"totalDollars":165000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC)","ldaClient":"GENERAL DYNAMICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_A000380","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $80,425 on 2023-06-30 (10.8× normal)","explanation":"Gabe Amo's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $80,425 on 2023-06-30 — 10.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":130775,"maxRatio":12.6,"maxAmount":80425},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-30","amount":80425,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":7466,"count":101,"cmteId":"C00838060","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00838060&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-29","amount":50350,"ratio":12.6,"baselineDaily":3994,"count":78,"cmteId":"C00838060","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00838060&min_date=2024-03-29&max_date=2024-03-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00838060/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00838060&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"]}],"W000809":[{"id":"P2_W000809_n39qf5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GENERATIONS BANK gave $20,708 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $20,708 from GENERATIONS BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERATIONS BANK","total":20707.65,"count":4,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_h0x6a","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELOITTE PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from DELOITTE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELOITTE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_7619g2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. PAC (A gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. PAC (ARAPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. PAC (ARAPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_ot2wjm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_923z0h","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_ufuh17","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (S gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SERCO PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SERCO PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_nwt47w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_765ue2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_a01cjb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AM GENERAL LLC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AM GENERAL LLC PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AM GENERAL LLC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_mpylm2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ARVEST BANK GROUP INC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from ARVEST BANK GROUP INC PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ARVEST BANK GROUP INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_uqf9fe","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_gzhz2c","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PARSONS CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from PARSONS CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PARSONS CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_ui83pi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P2_W000809_wc2wny","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steve Womack serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC (AICPA PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC (AICPA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000809","https://budgetcounsel.com/%C2%A7036a-12-chairman-of-the-house-budget-committee-steve-womack/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Womack"]},{"id":"P9_W000809_fnuvru","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,123 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,123 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10300.490000000002,"oppose":177.97,"net":10122.520000000002,"events":12,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":8968.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":713.78,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":608.61,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":177.97,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":9.14,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000809_qemvkd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,000 donation spike on 2025-08-06 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-06 this committee recorded $50,000 across 15 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,147.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00477745","date":"2025-08-06","amount":50000,"count":15,"baseline":4147,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477745/"]},{"id":"P19_W000809_fe8yfl","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Womack campaign paid $723,587 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: WOMACK, AMY","explanation":"Steve Womack's campaign paid 88 disbursements totaling $723,587 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WOMACK, AMY","total":222039.32,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"WOMACK, AMY","amount":10000,"date":"2016-11-18","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WOMACK, AMY","amount":8658.56,"date":"2018-05-04","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING AND EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WOMACK, AMY","amount":8039.69,"date":"2014-01-01","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING/TRAVEL/PHO","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WOMACK, TODD","total":178875,"count":27,"samples":[{"payee":"WOMACK, TODD","amount":6625,"date":"2014-09-03","description":"CONSUTLING-NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"WOMACK, TODD","amount":6625,"date":"2014-11-05","description":"CONSULTING-NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"WOMACK, TODD","amount":6625,"date":"2012-06-18","description":"CONSULTING - NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRIENDS TO ELECT RICHARD WOMACK","total":82500,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"FRIENDS TO ELECT RICHARD WOMACK","amount":25000,"date":"2021-09-28","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"FRIENDS TO ELECT RICHARD WOMACK","amount":20000,"date":"2021-10-29","description":"NON-FED CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"FRIENDS TO ELECT RICHARD WOMACK","amount":10000,"date":"2019-01-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MR. TODD WOMACK","total":53000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"MR. TODD WOMACK","amount":6625,"date":"2011-09-08","description":"CONSULTING - NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MR. TODD WOMACK","amount":6625,"date":"2011-03-03","description":"CONSULTING - NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MR. TODD WOMACK","amount":6625,"date":"2010-12-07","description":"CONSULTING - NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EMBRY MERRITT WOMACK NANCE PLLC","total":52287.32,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"EMBRY MERRITT WOMACK NANCE PLLC","amount":18787.32,"date":"2025-04-29","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"EMBRY MERRITT WOMACK NANCE PLLC","amount":12500,"date":"2025-03-11","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"EMBRY MERRITT WOMACK NANCE PLLC","amount":12000,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WOMACK, PAMELA M","total":47504.64,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"WOMACK, PAMELA M","amount":37500,"date":"2005-06-10","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WOMACK, PAMELA M","amount":10004.64,"date":"2005-07-15","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"womack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WOMACK"]},{"id":"P29_W000809_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AR R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WOMACK, Steve voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":361,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":359,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Pet and Livestock Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_W000809","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"42 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $265,000","explanation":"Steve Womack received campaign contributions totaling $265,000 from 42 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 41 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); WITH HONOR ACTION, INC. ($10,000); TYSON FOODS INC ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":42,"totalDollars":265000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WITH HONOR PAC","ldaClient":"WITH HONOR ACTION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TYSON FOODS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (TYPAC)","ldaClient":"TYSON FOODS INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. PAC (ARAPAC)","ldaClient":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_W000809","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $50,000 on 2025-08-06 (12.1× normal)","explanation":"Steve Womack's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $50,000 on 2025-08-06 — 12.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":50000,"maxRatio":12.1,"maxAmount":50000},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-08-06","amount":50000,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":4147,"count":15,"cmteId":"C00477745","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00477745&min_date=2025-08-06&max_date=2025-08-06"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477745/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00477745&min_date=2025-08-06&max_date=2025-08-06"]},{"id":"P90_W000809","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Womack's campaign paid $590,572 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: WOMACK, TODD ($178,875)","explanation":"Steve Womack's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 69 payments totaling $590,572 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WOMACK, TODD ($178,875 across 27 payments, services: CONSUTLING-NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC · CONSULTING-NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC · CONSULTING - NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":590572.26,"paymentCount":69,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WOMACK, TODD","total":178875,"count":27,"descriptions":["CONSUTLING-NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","CONSULTING-NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","CONSULTING - NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC"]},{"payee":"WOMACK, AMY","total":107032.72000000002,"count":16,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING/TRAVEL/PHO","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING/PHONE SVC/"]},{"payee":"FRIENDS TO ELECT RICHARD WOMACK","total":82500,"count":6,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","NON-FED CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MR. TODD WOMACK","total":53000,"count":8,"descriptions":["CONSULTING - NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","CONSULTING - NON CANDIDATE SPECIFIC"]},{"payee":"EMBRY MERRITT WOMACK NANCE PLLC","total":52287.32,"count":4,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEES"]}],"surname":"womack"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0AR03055&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_W000809","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Womack draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.7M PAC / $23.2M total)","explanation":"Steve Womack's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.7M of $23.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.16,"pacSharePct":50.5,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0AR03055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AR03055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000405":[{"id":"P2_K000405_btof15","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Brad Knott serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Legal, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ethics","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://knott.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://knott.house.gov","https://clerk.house.gov/members/K000405"]},{"id":"P19_K000405_1o9qbr","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brad Knott campaign paid $374,075 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: KNOTT'S BERRY FARM","explanation":"Brad Knott's campaign paid 39 disbursements totaling $374,075 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KNOTT'S BERRY FARM","total":189232.91,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"KNOTT'S BERRY FARM","amount":18107.49,"date":"2008-11-12","description":"FUNDRAISING/FOOD","surnameMatched":"knott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KNOTT'S BERRY FARM","amount":16372.5,"date":"2009-02-18","description":"FUNDRAISING ENTERTAINMENT","surnameMatched":"knott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KNOTT'S BERRY FARM","amount":15582,"date":"2018-03-12","description":"ADMISSION TICKETS","surnameMatched":"knott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KNOTT, TUCKER","total":63474.03,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KNOTT, TUCKER","amount":13642.86,"date":"2025-04-10","description":"FOOD/BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"knott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KNOTT, TUCKER","amount":10000,"date":"2018-11-07","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"knott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KNOTT, TUCKER","amount":8177.97,"date":"2011-09-07","description":"MANAGEMENT FEE REIMBURSEMENT: MILEAGE PAPER FOOD/BEVERAGE SEE BELOW -","surnameMatched":"knott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMICHAEL COMMUNICATIONS GROUP","total":62230,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMICHAEL COMMUNICATIONS GROUP","amount":62230,"date":"2021-01-28","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCT: MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KNOTT & BOYLE PLLC","total":11395.43,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KNOTT & BOYLE PLLC","amount":11395.43,"date":"2019-10-18","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"knott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","total":8000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":3000,"date":"2004-06-02","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":3000,"date":"2004-07-01","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":2000,"date":"2004-05-04","description":"BONUS","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KNOTT, RICHARD","total":7525,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KNOTT, RICHARD","amount":7525,"date":"2020-11-08","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"knott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KNOTT'S%20BERRY%20FARM"]},{"id":"P47_K000405_Fred_Smith_Company_117946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Fred Smith Company testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Brad Knott sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2025-04-29 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: The Need for a Long-Term Solution for the Highway Trust Fund\"\". The witness Mr. Ty Johnson (Fred Smith Company) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"117946","title":"\"America Builds: The Need for a Long-Term Solution for the Highway Trust Fund\"","date":"2025-04-29T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ty Johnson","witnessOrg":"Fred Smith Company","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117946"},{"source":"donor","name":"SMITH, FRED JULIUS MR. III","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SMITH%2C%20FRED%20JULIUS%20MR.%20III"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SMITH%2C%20FRED%20JULIUS%20MR.%20III"]},{"id":"P47_K000405_The_Home_Depot_117768","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Knott sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-01-15 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"\". The witness Ms. Sarah Galica (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117768","title":"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"","date":"2025-01-15T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Sarah Galica","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_K000405_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Knott sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_K000405","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Brad Knott received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000); ERNST & YOUNG LLP ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_K000405","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brad Knott's campaign paid $255,924 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: KNOTT'S BERRY FARM ($189,233)","explanation":"Brad Knott's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $255,924 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KNOTT'S BERRY FARM ($189,233 across 17 payments, services: FUNDRAISING/FOOD · FUNDRAISING ENTERTAINMENT · ADMISSION TICKETS). Cycles covered: 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":255924.40000000002,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KNOTT'S BERRY FARM","total":189232.91,"count":17,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING/FOOD","FUNDRAISING ENTERTAINMENT","ADMISSION TICKETS"]},{"payee":"KNOTT, TUCKER","total":55296.06,"count":7,"descriptions":["FOOD/BEVERAGE","MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","PAC FOOD/BEVERAGE, TRANSPORTATION, LODGING"]},{"payee":"KNOTT & BOYLE PLLC","total":11395.43,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES"]}],"surname":"knott"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NC13116&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P195_K000405","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brad Knott — DW-NOMINATE 0.90 vs NC delegation mean 0.15 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Brad Knott's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.90) is 1.7 standard deviations from the NC delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NC","memberScore":0.896,"delegationMean":0.15286206896551724,"zscore":"1.70"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"T000460":[{"id":"P2_T000460_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_rs5li8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC - AIC PA gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC - AIC PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC - AIC PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_kmtkj5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELOITTE FEDERAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from DELOITTE FEDERAL PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELOITTE FEDERAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_rv6c8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL PAC 2001 gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL PAC 2001, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL PAC 2001","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_9ofb1v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC gave $9,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $9,500 from AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC","total":9500,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_cnhmw5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC - ICI P gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC - ICI PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE PAC - ICI PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_7rjpdj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_tnz3y3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_ef267v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AFLAC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AFLAC PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AFLAC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_4kr534","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSAMERICA CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from TRANSAMERICA CORPORATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSAMERICA CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_q039pu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THRIVENT FINANCIAL FOR LUTHERANS EMPLOYE gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from THRIVENT FINANCIAL FOR LUTHERANS EMPLOYEE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THRIVENT FINANCIAL FOR LUTHERANS EMPLOYEE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_do1sjn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNUM PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UNUM PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNUM PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P2_T000460_z57cz4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Thompson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/mike-thompson/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Thompson","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000460"]},{"id":"P9_T000460_weekzy","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$29,590 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $29,590 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":33725.509999999995,"oppose":4135.59,"net":29589.919999999995,"events":43,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":14700.61,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":13794,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":4135.59,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":2927.8700000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":625.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_T000460_fawrbv","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,675,362 / spent $2,572,782","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00378695","cmteName":"VICTORY IN NOVEMBER ELECTION PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":269050,"totalDisbursements":265372.6,"cashOnHand":8882.34},{"cmteId":"C00378695","cmteName":"VICTORY IN NOVEMBER ELECTION PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":264503.8,"totalDisbursements":235116.3,"cashOnHand":38269.78},{"cmteId":"C00378695","cmteName":"VICTORY IN NOVEMBER ELECTION PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":293987.4,"totalDisbursements":296844.9,"cashOnHand":35412.32},{"cmteId":"C00378695","cmteName":"VICTORY IN NOVEMBER ELECTION PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":409713,"totalDisbursements":394349,"cashOnHand":50776.31},{"cmteId":"C00378695","cmteName":"VICTORY IN NOVEMBER ELECTION PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":325384,"totalDisbursements":309210.8,"cashOnHand":66949.51}],"totalRaised":2675361.8000000003,"totalSpent":2572782.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_T000460_kgg10i","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"76% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $413,105 in itemized individual contributions, $315,987 (76%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":413105,"buckets":{"$200 and under":1500,"$200.01-$499":18905,"$500-$999":25776,"$1000-$1999":50937,"$2000 and over":315987},"megaShare":76.5,"smallDonorShare":0.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000460_j673pt","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Thompson campaign paid $41,035,067 to 40 surname-matched vendors, top: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","explanation":"Mike Thompson's campaign paid 266 disbursements totaling $41,035,067 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","total":10822229.170000002,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":1700000,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":864248.31,"date":"2010-10-07","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":859119,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DERBY H WATKINS","total":4954981.5200000005,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":361365.98,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":347098.82,"date":"2019-11-06","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":326266.06,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","total":4672766.37,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":459000,"date":"2024-10-03","description":"NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":345107.24,"date":"2008-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":323996.96,"date":"2008-10-22","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","total":3277861.97,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":603547.77,"date":"2023-04-25","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":402936.43,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":382794.57,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","total":2783587.7900000024,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100533.35,"date":"2018-11-08","description":"MAINT CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100369.91,"date":"2023-11-29","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100369.91,"date":"2023-09-29","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","total":2359780,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":398923,"date":"2022-07-05","description":"MEDIA BUY-TV, DIGITAL,RADIO,CABLE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":375919,"date":"2022-06-14","description":"MEDIA BUY ON TV","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":326650,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THOMPSON%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P61_T000460","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $235,000","explanation":"Mike Thompson received campaign contributions totaling $235,000 from 34 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 34 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":34,"totalDollars":235000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE PAC (UPSPAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF THE U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS COPE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_T000460","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Thompson's campaign paid $5,483,820 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS ($4,672,766)","explanation":"Mike Thompson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $5,483,820 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS ($4,672,766 across 25 payments, services: NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING · MEDIA BUYS · MEDIA PURCHASE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5483820.08,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","total":4672766.37,"count":25,"descriptions":["NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUYS","MEDIA PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"DAVID J THOMPSON MAILING CORP.","total":495412.20999999996,"count":2,"descriptions":["POSTAGE"]},{"payee":"JILL LONG THOMPSON","total":200000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIB IN GOVERNOR'S RACE"]},{"payee":"THOMPSON RYER STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","total":115641.5,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRINTING - STICKERS"]}],"surname":"thompson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CA01109&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_T000460","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Thompson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $28.8M across 30 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Mike Thompson's FEC-bulk record shows $28.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 30 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $55.4M (PAC: $28.8M, individual: $25.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":28.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":55.41,"lifetimeIndividualM":25.55,"cycleCount":30,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8CA01109"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA01109/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_T000460","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Thompson draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($28.8M PAC / $55.4M total)","explanation":"Mike Thompson's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($28.8M of $55.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":28.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":55.41,"pacSharePct":51.9,"cycleCount":30,"fecId":"H8CA01109"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA01109/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001226":[{"id":"P2_M001226_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Senate Foreign Relations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Menendez","https://www.foreign.senate.gov/about/history","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001226"]},{"id":"P6_M001226_uczfzx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$715,850 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Committee To Build The Economy","explanation":"Committee To Build The Economy spent $715,850 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00679316","name":"Committee To Build The Economy","support":715850,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00679316/"]},{"id":"P6_M001226_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$582,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Majority PAC","explanation":"Majority PAC spent $582,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"Majority PAC","support":582500,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_M001226_vsqm6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$485,900 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CHC BOLD PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"CHC BOLD PAC spent $485,900 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00365536","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","support":485899.82999999996,"oppose":0,"events":4},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00365536/"]},{"id":"P6_M001226_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $250,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":250000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P7_M001226_ei6t67","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $9,435,780 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $9,435,780 opposing this member across 126 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":9435780.129999999,"totalSupport":3030523.8000000007,"events":126,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Integrity NJ","oppose":8819761.879999999},{"name":"America's Promise","oppose":382086.25},{"name":"Americas PAC","oppose":157932},{"name":"THE IMPACT FUND","oppose":50000},{"name":"Youth Save Democracy PAC","oppose":26000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001226_hwc98w","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$297,487 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $297,487 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":297486.82000000007,"oppose":0,"net":297486.82000000007,"events":37,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":87134,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":83175.98999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":42885.380000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["O","0"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":39369.17,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004239","name":"LOCAL 32BJ S E I U AFL-CIO","support":24501.690000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001226_sl9qgg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,728,382 / spent $4,727,674","explanation":"This member sponsors 11 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00349233","cmteName":"NEW MILLENNIUM PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":879738.9,"totalDisbursements":837592.5,"cashOnHand":409557.24},{"cmteId":"C00349233","cmteName":"NEW MILLENNIUM PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":312285.6,"totalDisbursements":566748.3,"cashOnHand":155094.57},{"cmteId":"C00349233","cmteName":"NEW MILLENNIUM PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":444727.8,"totalDisbursements":458030.8,"cashOnHand":141791.52},{"cmteId":"C00349233","cmteName":"NEW MILLENNIUM PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":297115.7,"totalDisbursements":375153.9,"cashOnHand":63753.37},{"cmteId":"C00349233","cmteName":"NEW MILLENNIUM PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":699353.1,"totalDisbursements":547042,"cashOnHand":216064.53}],"totalRaised":4728382.1,"totalSpent":4727674}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001226_vn2kd2","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $1,030,077 in itemized individual contributions, $914,103 (89%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1030077,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-2400,"$200.01-$499":3150,"$500-$999":16174,"$1000-$1999":99050,"$2000 and over":914103},"megaShare":88.7,"smallDonorShare":-0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001226_a0whow","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez campaign paid $81,030 to 26 surname-matched vendors, top: PALUMBO'S RISTORANTE","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez's campaign paid 30 disbursements totaling $81,030 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALUMBO'S RISTORANTE","total":13274.99,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PALUMBO'S RISTORANTE","amount":6424.85,"date":"2004-01-15","description":"FOOD/BEV. RALLIES","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"PALUMBO'S RISTORANTE","amount":4000,"date":"2004-11-16","description":"CONGRESSMAN'S BIRTHDAY PARTY","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"PALUMBO'S RISTORANTE","amount":2850.14,"date":"2003-11-11","description":"FOOD/BEV. FOR FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALUMBO, BARBARA","total":11600,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PALUMBO, BARBARA","amount":11600,"date":"2022-05-16","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALUMBO, MARIO J. JR","total":5600,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PALUMBO, MARIO J. JR","amount":5600,"date":"2020-03-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALUMBO, MATT","total":4701.2,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PALUMBO, MATT","amount":4701.2,"date":"2016-09-01","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALUMBO, KEITH","total":4200,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PALUMBO, KEITH","amount":4200,"date":"2007-03-20","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALUMBO, RALPH A JR","total":3645,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"PALUMBO, RALPH A JR","amount":2000,"date":"2006-09-20","description":"GENERAL ELECTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PALUMBO, RALPH A JR","amount":1645,"date":"2006-05-02","description":"","surnameMatched":"palumbo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PALUMBO'S%20RISTORANTE"]},{"id":"P36_M001226","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_M001226","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$297K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 29% from NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez received $297,486.82 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ($87,134 = 29%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":297486.82000000007,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":177213.12,"2018":60913.31999999999,"2022":36953.19,"2024":34092.07},"corpCount":8},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":87134,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005715/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":83175.98999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":42885.380000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["O","0"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":39369.17,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004239","name":"LOCAL 32BJ S E I U AFL-CIO","support":24501.690000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004239/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005715/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_M001226","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $113,500","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez received campaign contributions totaling $113,500 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENT ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC. ($8,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":113500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL)","ldaClient":"INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL & REINFORCING IRON WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRACES, AFL-CIO (IUPAT PAC)","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AKA - PRUDENTIAL FEDERAL PAC)","ldaClient":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.","donorTotal":8500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_M001226","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 13 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 13 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (4); committee pac conflict (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":13,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001226","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001226","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez's campaign paid $25,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: JOSE MENENDEZ CAMPAIGN ($25,000)","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $25,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JOSE MENENDEZ CAMPAIGN ($25,000 across 1 payments, services: POLITICAL DONATION). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":25000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JOSE MENENDEZ CAMPAIGN","total":25000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLITICAL DONATION"]}],"surname":"menendez"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NJ08232&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_M001226","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($6.1M total receipts) — top: MENENDEZ VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $6.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MENENDEZ VICTORY FUND (C00479501, $6.1M receipts, treasurer JOHN PALUMBO). Active years: 8, first seen 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":6.14,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00479501","name":"MENENDEZ VICTORY FUND","receipts":6137299.79,"treasurer":"JOHN PALUMBO","activeYears":8,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00479501/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00479501/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00479501/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_M001226","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.5M PAC / $11.1M total)","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.5M of $11.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.12,"pacSharePct":31,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2NJ08232"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NJ08232/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001226","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Labor ($0.05M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Labor industry — $0.05M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.05M · Technology $0.05M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":39.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.05,"Technology":0.05,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NJ08232/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_M001226","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($4.7M combined receipts)","explanation":"Robert Jacobsen Menendez operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $4.7M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: NEW MILLENNIUM PAC (C00349233) · RESILIENT MAJORITY PAC (C00847095).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.73,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00349233","cmteName":"NEW MILLENNIUM PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00847095","cmteName":"RESILIENT MAJORITY PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00349233/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00847095/"]}],"L000397":[{"id":"P2_L000397_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $49,400 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $49,400 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":49400,"count":14,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_tl6aqr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BERRY APPLEMAN & LEIDEN LLP gave $18,242 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $18,242 from BERRY APPLEMAN & LEIDEN LLP, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BERRY APPLEMAN & LEIDEN LLP","total":18241.76,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_3sjl53","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $10,000 from CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_eluy87","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"RIPPLE OF HOPE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $5,000 from RIPPLE OF HOPE PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"RIPPLE OF HOPE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_ewdpz4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $5,000 from AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_v7shfb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUN gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_breq6q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ERNST & YOUNG PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Legal-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Legal (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $5,000 from ERNST & YOUNG PAC, a Legal PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ERNST & YOUNG PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Legal"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_rgbicc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GOOGLE NETPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $5,000 from GOOGLE NETPAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GOOGLE NETPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_L000397_p590ud","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $3,500 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/zoe-lofgren","http://lofgren.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P10_L000397_resiyr","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,645,636 / spent $1,650,101","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00343574","cmteName":"MAINSTREAM PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":15000,"totalDisbursements":2510.6,"cashOnHand":22337.79},{"cmteId":"C00343574","cmteName":"MAINSTREAM PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":16000,"totalDisbursements":23167.9,"cashOnHand":15169.87},{"cmteId":"C00343574","cmteName":"MAINSTREAM PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":48900,"totalDisbursements":58726.5,"cashOnHand":5343.41},{"cmteId":"C00343574","cmteName":"MAINSTREAM PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":124800,"totalDisbursements":122488.6,"cashOnHand":7654.81},{"cmteId":"C00343574","cmteName":"MAINSTREAM PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":555876.6,"totalDisbursements":559840.4,"cashOnHand":3691}],"totalRaised":1645636.0999999999,"totalSpent":1650100.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000397_jei8o4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"85% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $683,065 in itemized individual contributions, $579,250 (85%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":683065,"buckets":{"$200 and under":14740,"$200.01-$499":13150,"$500-$999":27250,"$1000-$1999":48675,"$2000 and over":579250},"megaShare":84.8,"smallDonorShare":2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000397_SYY_2020-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-16 and 2020-03-18, 3 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-03-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000397","name":"Zoe Lofgren"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"C001069","name":"Joe Courtney"}],"span":"2020-03-16 to 2020-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000397_TMO_2020-03-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-23 and 2020-03-24, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2020-03-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000397","name":"Zoe Lofgren"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-03-23 to 2020-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000397_TWX_2018-06-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TWX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-06-15 and 2018-06-15, 3 members took the same direction on TWX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWX","date":"2018-06-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TWX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000397","name":"Zoe Lofgren"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-06-15 to 2018-06-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000397_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Zoe Lofgren executed 34 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Extends Transition Period for Hearing Aid Compatibility Technical Standard","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2023-04-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Extends Transition Period for Hearing Aid Compatibility Technical Standard","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2023-04-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000397_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"46 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Zoe Lofgren executed 46 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 62, 63, 64, and 65","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-04-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 62, 63, 64, and 65","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-04-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000397_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Zoe Lofgren executed 16 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2024","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2023-04-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2024","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2023-04-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000397_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Zoe Lofgren executed 13 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Gulf of Mexico, Marathon, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2023-04-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Corpus Christi Ship Channel, Corpus Christi, TX","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2023-04-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000397_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Zoe Lofgren executed 5 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-05-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-11,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ODFL","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-12,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2022-04-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":4,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ODFL","date":"2021-09-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-4,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Internal Personnel Rules and Practices of the NTSB","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2023-06-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Internal Personnel Rules and Practices of the NTSB","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2023-06-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_L000397_l7msx7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Zoe Lofgren campaign paid $30,408 to 1 surname-matched vendor, top: LOFGREN, JACK","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren's campaign paid 3 disbursements totaling $30,408 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOFGREN, JACK","total":30408.370000000003,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LOFGREN, JACK","amount":12408.37,"date":"2025-10-17","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"lofgren","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LOFGREN, JACK","amount":9000,"date":"2026-01-07","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lofgren","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LOFGREN, JACK","amount":9000,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lofgren","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LOFGREN"]},{"id":"P20_L000397_8yy8at","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sits on committees overseeing Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-05-25","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_L000397_snfu80","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donor PACs share treasurer \"MAY JENNIFER\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00753947","name":"LA BAMBA PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00785899","name":"EQUALITY PROJECT PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00772848","name":"NO VOTE LEFT BEHIND PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00870204","name":"CENTRAL COAST VALUES PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00867457","name":"RIPPLE OF HOPE PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_L000397","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sits on committees regulating Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal and actively trades in Technology, Telecom, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":45},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":22},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000397","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_L000397_AMZN_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in AMZN 6 days before FTC action","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sold AMZN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Takes Action Against Amazon for Enrolling Consumers in Amazon Prime Without Consent and Sabotaging Their Attempts to Cancel","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-takes-action-against-amazon-enrolling-consumers-amazon-prime-without-consent-sabotaging-their"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-26","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-takes-action-against-amazon-enrolling-consumers-amazon-prime-without-consent-sabotaging-their"]},{"id":"P38_L000397_Finance_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Finance PACs gave $8K in 2020 — 2.6× baseline — after 7-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren executed 7 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $7,500 — 2.6× the member's all-cycle baseline of $2,875/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":7},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Finance","amount":7500,"baseline":2875,"ratio":"2.6"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_L000397_Finance_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance PACs gave $15K in 2022 — 3.7× baseline — after 7-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren executed 7 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $15,000 — 3.7× the member's all-cycle baseline of $4,042/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":7},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Finance","amount":15000,"baseline":4042,"ratio":"3.7"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_L000397_GIS_20230525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GIS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $GIS 1 day after a corporate insider (Conrad Jeanne S.  (CIK 0001888105)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GIS","filer":"Conrad Jeanne S.  (CIK 0001888105)","filingDate":"2023-05-24","adsh":"0001859285-23-000107","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_AMZN_20220304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001127602-22-007990","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_CTAS_20210902","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CTAS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $CTAS 2 days after a corporate insider (Denton David Brock  (CIK 0001865181)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTAS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTAS","filer":"Denton David Brock  (CIK 0001865181)","filingDate":"2021-08-31","adsh":"0001567619-21-016493","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_MET_20230525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MET 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $MET 2 days after a corporate insider (Stenger Thomas  (CIK 0001777703)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MET","filer":"Stenger Thomas  (CIK 0001777703)","filingDate":"2023-05-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-031762","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_ROP_20210930","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ROP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $ROP 2 days after a corporate insider (NUNES DAVID L  (CIK 0001211392)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"NUNES DAVID L  (CIK 0001211392)","filingDate":"2021-09-28","adsh":"0000052827-21-000163","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_NEE_20210930","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NEE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $NEE 2 days after a corporate insider (BEARD TAH-NEE  (CIK 0001882201)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"BEARD TAH-NEE  (CIK 0001882201)","filingDate":"2021-09-28","adsh":"0000899243-21-038084","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_AON_20230525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AON 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $AON 2 days after a corporate insider (Slyfield Jillian  (CIK 0001898032)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AON","filer":"Slyfield Jillian  (CIK 0001898032)","filingDate":"2023-05-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-031691","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_MA_20230525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $MA 3 days after a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2023-05-22","adsh":"0001140361-23-026010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_EW_20200323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $EW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $EW 3 days after a corporate insider (Essex Woodlands IX, LLC  (CIK 0001652286)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"Essex Woodlands IX, LLC  (CIK 0001652286)","filingDate":"2020-03-20","adsh":"0000899243-20-009104","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_TT_20210902","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $TT 3 days after a corporate insider (Makan Divesh  (CIK 0001688143)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TT","filer":"Makan Divesh  (CIK 0001688143)","filingDate":"2021-08-30","adsh":"0000899243-21-034512","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_SHW_20210902","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SHW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $SHW 3 days after a corporate insider (STEWART MARTA R  (CIK 0001272064)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHW","filer":"STEWART MARTA R  (CIK 0001272064)","filingDate":"2021-08-30","adsh":"0001209191-21-053800","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_BDX_20220909","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BDX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $BDX 3 days after a corporate insider (DelOrefice Christopher  (CIK 0001881430)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BDX","filer":"DelOrefice Christopher  (CIK 0001881430)","filingDate":"2022-09-06","adsh":"0001062993-22-019179","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_TMO_20210809","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TMO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $TMO 3 days after a corporate insider (CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)","filingDate":"2021-08-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-023270","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_FHN_20230525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FHN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $FHN 3 days after a corporate insider (PALMER VICKI R  (CIK 0001142394)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FHN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FHN","filer":"PALMER VICKI R  (CIK 0001142394)","filingDate":"2023-05-22","adsh":"0001127602-23-016485","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_QCOM_20210930","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $QCOM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $QCOM 3 days after a corporate insider (Palkhiwala Akash J.  (CIK 0001786420)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"Palkhiwala Akash J.  (CIK 0001786420)","filingDate":"2021-09-27","adsh":"0001205233-21-000046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_PWR_20220909","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PWR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $PWR 3 days after a corporate insider (Upperman Dorothy  (CIK 0001623477)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PWR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PWR","filer":"Upperman Dorothy  (CIK 0001623477)","filingDate":"2022-09-06","adsh":"0001050915-22-000118","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_AWK_20230525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AWK 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $AWK 3 days after a corporate insider (Marberry Michael  (CIK 0001557769)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AWK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AWK","filer":"Marberry Michael  (CIK 0001557769)","filingDate":"2023-05-22","adsh":"0001410636-23-000108","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_TRU_20230525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TRU 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $TRU 3 days after a corporate insider (CHAOUKI STEVEN M  (CIK 0001776865)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRU","filer":"CHAOUKI STEVEN M  (CIK 0001776865)","filingDate":"2023-05-22","adsh":"0001776865-23-000008","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_GIS_20210802","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GIS 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $GIS 4 days after a corporate insider (Bruce Kofi A  (CIK 0001711382)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GIS","filer":"Bruce Kofi A  (CIK 0001711382)","filingDate":"2021-07-29","adsh":"0000897101-21-000632","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_TT_20210809","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $TT 4 days after a corporate insider (Makan Divesh  (CIK 0001688143)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TT","filer":"Makan Divesh  (CIK 0001688143)","filingDate":"2021-08-05","adsh":"0000899243-21-031782","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_HCA_20210802","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HCA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $HCA 4 days after a corporate insider (Englebright Jane D.  (CIK 0001632834)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HCA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HCA","filer":"Englebright Jane D.  (CIK 0001632834)","filingDate":"2021-07-29","adsh":"0001209191-21-048652","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_CB_20200323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CB 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $CB 4 days after a corporate insider (KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011420","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_NEE_20200323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NEE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $NEE 4 days after a corporate insider (May James Michael  (CIK 0001769378)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"May James Michael  (CIK 0001769378)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0000753308-20-000099","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_WMT_20200323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WMT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $WMT 4 days after a corporate insider (McLay Kathryn J.  (CIK 0001794573)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"McLay Kathryn J.  (CIK 0001794573)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011530","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_WPC_20200323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WPC 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $WPC 4 days after a corporate insider (Sabatini Gino M.  (CIK 0001481913)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WPC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WPC","filer":"Sabatini Gino M.  (CIK 0001481913)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-020260","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000397_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+4 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren accumulated 29 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 4 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":4,"totalRaw":29}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_GIS_20230525","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GIS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $GIS 1 day before a corporate insider (Conrad Jeanne S.  (CIK 0001888105)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GIS","filer":"Conrad Jeanne S.  (CIK 0001888105)","filingDate":"2023-05-26","adsh":"0001859285-23-000132"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_V_20210902","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $V 1 day before a corporate insider (Leonard Green & Partners, L.P.  (CIK 0001175523)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Leonard Green & Partners, L.P.  (CIK 0001175523)","filingDate":"2021-09-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-054867"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_NXPI_20230525","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NXPI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $NXPI 1 day before a corporate insider (Southern Julie  (CIK 0001782289)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NXPI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NXPI","filer":"Southern Julie  (CIK 0001782289)","filingDate":"2023-05-26","adsh":"0001413447-23-000044"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_TT_20210809","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $TT 1 day before a corporate insider (ICONIQ Strategic Partners II Co-Invest, L.P., DD Series  (CIK 0001665116)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TT","filer":"ICONIQ Strategic Partners II Co-Invest, L.P., DD Series  (CIK 0001665116)","filingDate":"2021-08-10","adsh":"0000899243-21-032442"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_HCA_20210802","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HCA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $HCA 1 day before a corporate insider (Englebright Jane D.  (CIK 0001632834)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HCA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HCA","filer":"Englebright Jane D.  (CIK 0001632834)","filingDate":"2021-08-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-049480"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_CB_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $CB 1 day before a corporate insider (KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-011828"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_CMCSA_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $CMCSA 1 day before a corporate insider (WATSON DAVID N  (CIK 0001276908)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"WATSON DAVID N  (CIK 0001276908)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001225208-20-005486"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_PFE_20210930","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PFE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $PFE 1 day before a corporate insider (JOHNSON RADY A  (CIK 0001594762)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"JOHNSON RADY A  (CIK 0001594762)","filingDate":"2021-10-01","adsh":"0001225208-21-012642"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_TMO_20230525","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TMO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $TMO 1 day before a corporate insider (Spar Debora L  (CIK 0001523191)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"Spar Debora L  (CIK 0001523191)","filingDate":"2023-05-26","adsh":"0001127602-23-016994"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_AEP_20210930","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AEP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $AEP 1 day before a corporate insider (ANDERSON DAVID J  (CIK 0001101124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AEP","filer":"ANDERSON DAVID J  (CIK 0001101124)","filingDate":"2021-10-01","adsh":"0001398889-21-000163"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_TMUS_20200218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TMUS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $TMUS 1 day before a corporate insider (Ewens Peter A  (CIK 0001576183)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Ewens Peter A  (CIK 0001576183)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001283699-20-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_EXPE_20210930","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EXPE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $EXPE 1 day before a corporate insider (Altman Samuel H.  (CIK 0001571705)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXPE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXPE","filer":"Altman Samuel H.  (CIK 0001571705)","filingDate":"2021-10-01","adsh":"0001225208-21-012654"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_QCOM_20210930","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $QCOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $QCOM 1 day before a corporate insider (Smit Neil  (CIK 0001312168)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"Smit Neil  (CIK 0001312168)","filingDate":"2021-10-01","adsh":"0001205233-21-000051"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_COST_20230525","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COST 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $COST 1 day before a corporate insider (Daunt John  (CIK 0001774667)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"Daunt John  (CIK 0001774667)","filingDate":"2023-05-26","adsh":"0001209191-23-032574"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_CMS_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $CMS 1 day before a corporate insider (Johnson Shaun M  (CIK 0001777747)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMS","filer":"Johnson Shaun M  (CIK 0001777747)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001246360-20-000975"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_TRU_20210902","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TRU 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $TRU 1 day before a corporate insider (Cello Todd M  (CIK 0001714465)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRU","filer":"Cello Todd M  (CIK 0001714465)","filingDate":"2021-09-03","adsh":"0001714465-21-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_EW_20210809","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $EW 2 days before a corporate insider (GENERAL ATLANTIC GENPAR, L.P.  (CIK 0001467926)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"GENERAL ATLANTIC GENPAR, L.P.  (CIK 0001467926)","filingDate":"2021-08-11","adsh":"0001104659-21-103716"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_NXPI_20210809","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NXPI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $NXPI 2 days before a corporate insider (Kaeser Josef  (CIK 0001782602)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NXPI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NXPI","filer":"Kaeser Josef  (CIK 0001782602)","filingDate":"2021-08-11","adsh":"0001413447-21-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_ZTS_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ZTS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $ZTS 2 days before a corporate insider (STEERE WILLIAM C JR  (CIK 0001033870)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"STEERE WILLIAM C JR  (CIK 0001033870)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001555280-20-000146"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_PLD_20200204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PLD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $PLD 2 days before a corporate insider (NEKRITZ EDWARD S  (CIK 0001255240)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"NEKRITZ EDWARD S  (CIK 0001255240)","filingDate":"2020-02-06","adsh":"0001209191-20-007193"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_COST_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COST 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $COST 2 days before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001567619-20-007004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_HD_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $HD 3 days before a corporate insider (Decker Edward P.  (CIK 0001615935)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Decker Edward P.  (CIK 0001615935)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-021303"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_UNH_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $UNH 3 days before a corporate insider (SHORT MARIANNE D  (CIK 0001565456)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"SHORT MARIANNE D  (CIK 0001565456)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-021274"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_PRU_20200313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PRU 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren sell $PRU 3 days before a corporate insider (KRAPEK KARL J  (CIK 0001238288)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PRU","filer":"KRAPEK KARL J  (CIK 0001238288)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-010905"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_MS_20210809","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren buy $MS 3 days before a corporate insider (BAINUM ROBERTA  (CIK 0001085423)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"BAINUM ROBERTA  (CIK 0001085423)","filingDate":"2021-08-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-051018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000397_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+35 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren accumulated 60 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 35 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":35,"totalRaw":60}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_L000397_2022-09-21_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BAC 12 days before a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren delivered a 1529-word floor speech on 2022-09-21 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I was very happy to get that support from the organization, from The Wall Street Journal, but we also got kudos from Cato, that well-known conserv- ative institution, that they say this…\"). The member buy $BAC (a Finance-sector stock) 12 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-09-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":1529,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I was very happy to get that support from the organization, from The Wall Street Journal, but we also got kudos from Cato, that well-known conserv- ative institution, that they say this","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/09/21/168/152/CREC-2022-09-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/09/21/168/152/CREC-2022-09-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000397_2020-03-27_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TMO 4 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren delivered a 390-word floor speech on 2020-03-27 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in sup- port of the bipartisan agreement reached on the Senate Amendment to H.R. 748, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Secu- rity (CARES) Act. This bill will provide immed…\"). The member sell $TMO (a Healthcare-sector stock) 4 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-03-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":390,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in sup- port of the bipartisan agreement reached on the Senate Amendment to H.R. 748, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Secu- rity (CARES) Act. This bill will provide immed","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/27/CREC-2020-03-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/03/27/CREC-2020-03-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_L000397_CSCO","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 trades in $CSCO — CISCO's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren executed 5 reported trades in $CSCO (CISCO). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","parent":"CISCO","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-26"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-30"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC","parent":"CISCO","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CISCO%20SYSTEMS%20E-PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CISCO%20SYSTEMS%20E-PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_L000397_AMZN","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $AMZN — AMAZON's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren executed 4 reported trades in $AMZN (AMAZON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","parent":"AMAZON","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-26"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-15"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AMAZON CORPORATE LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)","parent":"AMAZON","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON%20CORPORATE%20LLC%20SEPARATE%20SEGREGATED%20FUND%20(AMAZON%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON%20CORPORATE%20LLC%20SEPARATE%20SEGREGATED%20FUND%20(AMAZON%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_L000397_MSFT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $MSFT — MICROSOFT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren executed 2 reported trades in $MSFT (MICROSOFT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","parent":"MICROSOFT","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-15"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC","parent":"MICROSOFT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_L000397","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $120,000","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren received campaign contributions totaling $120,000 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":120000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"CISCO SYSTEMS E-PAC","ldaClient":"CISCO SYSTEMS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR POLITICAL ACTION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES PAC (NACSPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_L000397_2023-05-25","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"97 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-05-25 — 93 unique tickers","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren executed 97 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-05-25 to 2023-05-26), spanning 93 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-05-25","windowEnd":"2023-05-26","tradeCount":97,"uniqueTickers":93,"totalDisclosedTrades":412,"sampleTickers":["KO","EMR","BCE","PEP","DHR","CME","GIS","AEP","FHN","TT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000397","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 87 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 87 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); committee pac conflict (10); reg rule trade proximity (5); coordinated trade cluster (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":87,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":3},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000397","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_L000397","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Zoe Lofgren's campaign paid $30,408 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: LOFGREN, JACK ($30,408)","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $30,408 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: LOFGREN, JACK ($30,408 across 3 payments, services: SALARY · MANAGEMENT CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":30408.370000000003,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"LOFGREN, JACK","total":30408.370000000003,"count":3,"descriptions":["SALARY","MANAGEMENT CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"lofgren"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA16049&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_L000397","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Zoe Lofgren named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.2M total receipts) — top: LOFGREN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: LOFGREN VICTORY FUND (C00624049, $2.2M receipts, treasurer FREDKIN, MARK B.). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.22,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00624049","name":"LOFGREN VICTORY FUND","receipts":2222005.54,"treasurer":"FREDKIN, MARK B.","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00624049/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00624049/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00624049/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_L000397","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Zoe Lofgren draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.7M PAC / $35.7M total)","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.7M of $35.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.69,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.73,"pacSharePct":35.5,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H4CA16049"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA16049/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_L000397","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Zoe Lofgren executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL PFE (13d apart)","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL PFE 2021-09-30 → 2021-10-13 (13d) · BUY→SELL AMZN 2021-09-30 → 2021-10-15 (15d) · BUY→SELL CVS 2021-08-09 → 2021-08-24 (15d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"PFE","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-09-30","date2":"2021-10-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-09-30","date2":"2021-10-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CVS","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-08-09","date2":"2021-08-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_L000397","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Zoe Lofgren's PAC funding concentrates 70% in Technology ($0.09M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren's PAC donors concentrate 70% in the Technology industry — $0.09M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.09M · Finance $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":70.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.09,"Finance":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA16049/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_L000397","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Zoe Lofgren triggers 38 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren accumulates 38 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":38,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P158_L000397","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Zoe Lofgren ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 8,355 cosponsored, 370 sponsored","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren's congress.gov record shows 8,355 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":8355,"sponsoredCount":370,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/zoe-lofgren/L000397","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P178_L000397_2017-06-15","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Zoe Lofgren — 78 trades on 2017-06-15","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren disclosed 78 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-06-15). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-06-15","count":78}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_L000397","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Zoe Lofgren — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (412/412)","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":412,"atBracket":412,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_L000397","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Zoe Lofgren — 155 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Zoe Lofgren has traded 155 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":155,"sample":["AMAT","BAC","WBK","ABBV","USB","CSCO","VZ","C","PFE","WBA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000480":[{"id":"P2_F000480_8loz1g","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP PAC ( gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Vince Fong serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP PAC (ENGPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP PAC (ENGPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://fong.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000480","https://legiscan.com/US/people/vince-fong/id/25204?page=1&record=all&chamber=house"]},{"id":"P2_F000480_39nwzk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Vince Fong serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://fong.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000480","https://legiscan.com/US/people/vince-fong/id/25204?page=1&record=all&chamber=house"]},{"id":"P2_F000480_k0sc63","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Vince Fong serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://fong.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000480","https://legiscan.com/US/people/vince-fong/id/25204?page=1&record=all&chamber=house"]},{"id":"P6_F000480_tfhxds","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$757,076 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CENTRAL VALLEY VALUES PAC","explanation":"CENTRAL VALLEY VALUES PAC spent $757,076 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00866269","name":"CENTRAL VALLEY VALUES PAC","support":757075.9700000001,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00866269/"]},{"id":"P11_F000480_z52sms","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $1,926,325 in itemized individual contributions, $1,336,765 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1926325,"buckets":{"$200 and under":725,"$200.01-$499":45821,"$500-$999":167641,"$1000-$1999":375373,"$2000 and over":1336765},"megaShare":69.4,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000480_t5tk0c","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Vince Fong campaign paid $266,134 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: MATT FONG U S SENATE COMMITTEE","explanation":"Vince Fong's campaign paid 53 disbursements totaling $266,134 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MATT FONG U S SENATE COMMITTEE","total":202700,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"MATT FONG U S SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":52788,"date":"1998-09-29","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"fong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998},{"payee":"MATT FONG U S SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":50125,"date":"1998-11-12","description":"IN-KIND CONTRIB MADE TO REG. FILER","surnameMatched":"fong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998},{"payee":"MATT FONG U S SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":30630,"date":"1998-10-28","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"fong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KLEMIN, MATT","total":25263,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"KLEMIN, MATT","amount":2689,"date":"2006-01-17","description":"OTHER: SALARY","surnameMatched":"klemin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KLEMIN, MATT","amount":2689,"date":"2006-02-01","description":"OTHER: SALARY","surnameMatched":"klemin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KLEMIN, MATT","amount":1344,"date":"2006-08-31","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE/SALARY/OVERHEAD: SALARY","surnameMatched":"klemin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FONG, STEPHEN","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FONG, STEPHEN","amount":10000,"date":"2016-10-04","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"fong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FONG, LIDIA","total":8483.01,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FONG, LIDIA","amount":8483.01,"date":"2022-12-02","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FONG FOR ASSEMBLY 2024, MIKE","total":5500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FONG FOR ASSEMBLY 2024, MIKE","amount":5500,"date":"2024-09-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"fong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FONG, JACOB","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FONG, JACOB","amount":5000,"date":"2020-03-30","description":"RELOCATION STIPEND","surnameMatched":"fong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MATT%20FONG%20U%20S%20SENATE%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000480_The_Home_Depot_117768","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Vince Fong sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-01-15 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"\". The witness Ms. Sarah Galica (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117768","title":"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"","date":"2025-01-15T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Sarah Galica","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT, INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%2C%20INC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%2C%20INC.%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000480_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115276","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Vince Fong sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"115276","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000480_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115681","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Vince Fong sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115681","title":"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce","date":"2023-04-19T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000480_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Vince Fong sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS PAC (AIPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20PAC%20(AIPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20PAC%20(AIPAC)"]},{"id":"P61_F000480","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $189,000","explanation":"Vince Fong received campaign contributions totaling $189,000 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($20,000); DOTCHIN & ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF CALIFORNIA DAIRI ($15,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($15,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":189000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"KOCHPAC - KOCH INDUSTRIES INC. PAC","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CALIFORNIA DAIRIES FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"DOTCHIN & ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF CALIFORNIA DAIRIES, INC.","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS PAC (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_F000480","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Vince Fong's campaign paid $28,983 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: FONG, STEPHEN ($10,000)","explanation":"Vince Fong's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $28,983 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FONG, STEPHEN ($10,000 across 1 payments, services: ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":28983.010000000002,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FONG, STEPHEN","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FONG, LIDIA","total":8483.01,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"FONG FOR ASSEMBLY 2024, MIKE","total":5500,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"FONG, JACOB","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RELOCATION STIPEND"]}],"surname":"fong"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA20181&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_F000480","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Vince Fong draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.1M PAC / $7.5M total)","explanation":"Vince Fong's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.1M of $7.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.52,"pacSharePct":41.5,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4CA20181"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA20181/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"E000298":[{"id":"P2_E000298_b2utgu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"EDWARD JONES gave $58,272 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $58,272 from EDWARD JONES, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EDWARD JONES","total":58272.009999999995,"count":7,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_923z0h","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_uqf9fe","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_ecc05d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL A gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_nwt47w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_yichsn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY PAC (AXPPAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY PAC (AXPPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY PAC (AXPPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_ins7s7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMP gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_5stoiv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial 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Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_kvhn3k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSN, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSN, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real 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POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from TEXTRON INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEXTRON INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P2_E000298_i31bsg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ron Estes serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC'), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC')","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Financial Services","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Estes","https://estes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3720","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000298"]},{"id":"P11_E000298_9jlkmc","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $3,143,117 in itemized individual contributions, $1,957,423 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3143117,"buckets":{"$200 and under":37394,"$200.01-$499":105096,"$500-$999":335980,"$1000-$1999":707224,"$2000 and over":1957423},"megaShare":62.3,"smallDonorShare":1.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_E000298_dqstep","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,900 donation spike on 2021-03-12 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-12 this committee recorded $51,900 across 19 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,030.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00632067","date":"2021-03-12","amount":51900,"count":19,"baseline":6030,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632067/"]},{"id":"P18_E000298_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ron Estes executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","date":"2022-09-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","date":"2022-02-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Pacific Island Fisheries; 2022 U.S. Territorial Longline Bigeye Tuna Catch Limits for American Samoa","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-08-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Information Security Controls: Cybersecurity Items; Delay of Effective Date","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2022-01-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_E000298_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ron Estes executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2022-07-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2022-02-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Military Ocean Terminal Concord Safety Zone, Suisun Bay, Military Ocean Terminal Concord, CA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2022-06-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Acetic Acid Ethenyl Ester, Polymer With Ethene, N-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propenamide, and 2-propenamide; (AM-E-NMA-VA); Toler","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2022-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_E000298_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ron Estes executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2022-07-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2022-02-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 25A, 33, 34, and 35","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-06-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Applicable Schedule Amount","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_E000298_62wwsk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Estes campaign paid $858,499 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: THE RABEN GROUP","explanation":"Ron Estes's campaign paid 80 disbursements totaling $858,499 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RABEN GROUP","total":559821.6599999999,"count":42,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RABEN GROUP","amount":81000,"date":"2021-07-09","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THE RABEN GROUP","amount":45000,"date":"2024-08-28","description":"REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE RABEN GROUP","amount":26304.96,"date":"2024-07-17","description":"PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RABEN GROUP","total":70450.83,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"RABEN GROUP","amount":54450.83,"date":"2024-09-13","description":"ORGANIZATIONAL CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RABEN GROUP","amount":6000,"date":"2006-07-17","description":"PAC MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"RABEN GROUP","amount":5000,"date":"2006-10-11","description":"PAC MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RABEN GROUP LLC","total":30000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RABEN GROUP LLC","amount":30000,"date":"2025-06-16","description":"MEDIA SPECIALIST","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RABEN GROUP, LLC","total":30000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RABEN GROUP, LLC","amount":15000,"date":"2024-11-05","description":"STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE RABEN GROUP, LLC","amount":12500,"date":"2024-10-16","description":"STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE RABEN GROUP, LLC","amount":2500,"date":"2024-10-25","description":"STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"raben","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BILL ESTES CHEVROLET, INC.","total":29750,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BILL ESTES CHEVROLET, INC.","amount":29750,"date":"2009-03-12","description":"PURCHASE TRUCK","surnameMatched":"estes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ESTES, SABRINA","total":26202.02,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ESTES, SABRINA","amount":26202.02,"date":"2024-12-06","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"estes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THE%20RABEN%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P20_E000298_1jc7","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Ron Estes sits on committees overseeing Finance, Real Estate, Healthcare, Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2022-05-31","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":2818221.0700000003,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_E000298_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of PAC dollars ($543,814) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"Ron Estes receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":543814.06,"share":63.8,"totalPAC":852086.07,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":543814.06,"share":63.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":128272.01,"share":15.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":35000,"share":4.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":30000,"share":3.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_E000298","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 23 total findings","explanation":"Ron Estes has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":23,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_E000298_HON_20220304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HON 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Estes buy $HON 3 days after a corporate insider (Madsen Michael R  (CIK 0001791846)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Madsen Michael R  (CIK 0001791846)","filingDate":"2022-03-01","adsh":"0001209191-22-014174","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_E000298_SPR_20220304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SPR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Estes buy $SPR 3 days after a corporate insider (Krishnaswamy Kailash  (CIK 0001886071)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPR","filer":"Krishnaswamy Kailash  (CIK 0001886071)","filingDate":"2022-03-01","adsh":"0001567619-22-005880","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000298_WFC_20220705","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Estes sell $WFC 1 day before a corporate insider (Hewett Wayne M.  (CIK 0001500124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Hewett Wayne M.  (CIK 0001500124)","filingDate":"2022-07-06","adsh":"0001127602-22-018888"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000298_SPR_20220304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPR 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Estes buy $SPR 3 days before a corporate insider (Suchinski Mark  (CIK 0001601172)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPR","filer":"Suchinski Mark  (CIK 0001601172)","filingDate":"2022-03-07","adsh":"0001567619-22-006473"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000298_CVX_20220210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CVX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Estes buy $CVX 5 days before a corporate insider (JOHNSON JAMES WILLIAM  (CIK 0001595948)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"JOHNSON JAMES WILLIAM  (CIK 0001595948)","filingDate":"2022-02-15","adsh":"0001127602-22-005017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000298_VZ_20220216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Estes buy $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)","filingDate":"2022-02-22","adsh":"0001062993-22-005033"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000298_MRVL_20220927","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MRVL 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Estes sell $MRVL 7 days before a corporate insider (YOUSEFI NARIMAN  (CIK 0001464251)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"YOUSEFI NARIMAN  (CIK 0001464251)","filingDate":"2022-10-04","adsh":"0001209191-22-052306"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_E000298_MRVL_20220210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MRVL 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ron Estes buy $MRVL 7 days before a corporate insider (GAYNOR MITCHELL  (CIK 0001193486)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"GAYNOR MITCHELL  (CIK 0001193486)","filingDate":"2022-02-17","adsh":"0001209191-22-010630"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_E000298","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $213,272.01","explanation":"Ron Estes received campaign contributions totaling $213,272.01 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 23 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: EDWARD JONES ($58,272.01); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL ($10,000); CASE NEW HOLLAND INDUSTRIAL INC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":213272.01,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"EDWARD JONES","ldaClient":"EDWARD JONES","donorTotal":58272.009999999995,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC (NMHC PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION (ROCKPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CASE NEW HOLLAND INDUSTRIAL INC. EXCELLENCE IN GOVERNMENT FUND","ldaClient":"CASE NEW HOLLAND INDUSTRIAL INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_E000298","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 33 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ron Estes appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 33 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (15); insider front ran trade (6); reg rule trade proximity (3); insider followed trade (2); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":33,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":15},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/E000298","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_E000298","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Estes's campaign paid $123,492 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: TEAM ESTES ($62,205)","explanation":"Ron Estes's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 12 payments totaling $123,492 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TEAM ESTES ($62,205 across 7 payments, services: JFC SPLIT TO RON ESTES FOR CONGRESS & KS GOP · 2017 CONTRIBUTION · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM ERIC TEASDALE). Cycles covered: 2018, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":123492.1,"paymentCount":12,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TEAM ESTES","total":62205.08,"count":7,"descriptions":["JFC SPLIT TO RON ESTES FOR CONGRESS & KS GOP","2017 CONTRIBUTION","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM ERIC TEASDALE"]},{"payee":"ESTES, SABRINA","total":26202.02,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"ESTES, MAIA","total":15200,"count":1,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"ESTES, CARLOS D MR.","total":7500,"count":1,"descriptions":["OTHER: FIELD OPERATIONS - WILL, KANKA"]},{"payee":"YMCA OF THE ROCKIES - ESTES PARK CENTER","total":7385,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEETING ROOM RENTAL"]}],"surname":"estes"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8KS04112&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_E000298","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Estes named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.8M total receipts) — top: TEAM ESTES","explanation":"Ron Estes appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM ESTES (C00632711, $1.8M receipts, treasurer MARSTON, CHRIS). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.78,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00632711","name":"TEAM ESTES","receipts":1783284.3200000003,"treasurer":"MARSTON, CHRIS","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632711/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632711/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00632711/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_E000298","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Estes draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.0M PAC / $19.0M total)","explanation":"Ron Estes's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.0M of $19.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.03,"pacSharePct":52.7,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8KS04112"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8KS04112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"E000301":[{"id":"P2_E000301_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/39fed/06ushse/html/msa18047.html","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000301","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Elfreth"]},{"id":"P2_E000301_3kag7f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/39fed/06ushse/html/msa18047.html","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000301","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Elfreth"]},{"id":"P6_E000301_tuuali","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,218,074 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","explanation":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP) spent $4,218,074 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 29 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00799031","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":4218074.08,"oppose":0,"events":29}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799031/"]},{"id":"P15_E000301_psinni","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$388,179 donation spike on 2024-04-10 — 17.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-10 this committee recorded $388,179 across 203 contributions — 17.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,440.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00855353","date":"2024-04-10","amount":388179,"count":203,"baseline":22440,"ratio":17.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855353/"]},{"id":"P15_E000301_b4mw3j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,375 donation spike on 2023-12-31 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-31 this committee recorded $79,375 across 47 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,945.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00855353","date":"2023-12-31","amount":79375,"count":47,"baseline":8945,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855353/"]},{"id":"P19_E000301_umrxhe","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sarah Elfreth campaign paid $27,320,759 to 35 surname-matched vendors, top: MOORE A SERIES LLC","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth's campaign paid 136 disbursements totaling $27,320,759 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","total":16146400.339999998,"count":51,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":736620.47,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":731094.23,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":703490.83,"date":"2025-02-19","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":798012,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":472007,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":448608.56,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE LLC","total":1540844.4599999997,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":469273.19,"date":"2024-07-25","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":284206.49,"date":"2024-06-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":273971.69,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","total":1381289.02,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":259856,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"LITERATURE AND VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":215283,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) LITERATURE: PROMOTE KAINE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":199025,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) MAIL: OPPOSE GADE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":229937.77,"date":"2024-09-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":184197.86,"date":"2024-09-03","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":172003.1,"date":"2024-11-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","total":868139.77,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":201739.6,"date":"2024-06-18","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":177402.62,"date":"2024-11-20","description":"MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":165098.72,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MOORE%20A%20SERIES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P31_E000301_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $4,396,846 supporting member — 1.4× their own $3,231,926 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.4×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":4396845.789999999,"events":32},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":3231926},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.36},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":4218074.08},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Pro-Choice Majority 2024","support":175000},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"DMFI PAC","support":2125}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_E000301_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_E000301_International_Union_of_Operati_115298","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49 testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.\". The witness Mr. Jason George (International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115298","title":"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason George","witnessOrg":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298"},{"source":"donor","name":"EARN INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=EARN%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=EARN%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"]},{"id":"P51_E000301_ELECT_CHICAGO_WOMEN_AKA_ECW","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW $4.0M — vendor also donated $10,000","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth's campaign committee paid $4,011,200 to ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $10,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 401.1× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW","total":4011200,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=ELECT%20CHICAGO%20WOMEN%20AKA%20ECW"},{"source":"donor","name":"ELECT DEMOCRATIC WOMEN","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ELECT%20DEMOCRATIC%20WOMEN"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=ELECT%20CHICAGO%20WOMEN%20AKA%20ECW","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ELECT%20DEMOCRATIC%20WOMEN"]},{"id":"P61_E000301","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $70,000","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth received campaign contributions totaling $70,000 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000); NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($5,000); KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":70000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC)","ldaClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_E000301","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $388,179 on 2024-04-10 (17.3× normal)","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $388,179 on 2024-04-10 — 17.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":388179,"maxRatio":17.3,"maxAmount":388179},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-04-10","amount":388179,"ratio":17.3,"baselineDaily":22440,"count":203,"cmteId":"C00855353","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00855353&min_date=2024-04-10&max_date=2024-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855353/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00855353&min_date=2024-04-10&max_date=2024-04-10"]},{"id":"P90_E000301","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sarah Elfreth's campaign paid $203,700 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: ELFRETH FOR MARYLAND ($203,700)","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 38 payments totaling $203,700 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ELFRETH FOR MARYLAND ($203,700 across 38 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION TO A FEDERAL CANDIDATE). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":203700,"paymentCount":38,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ELFRETH FOR MARYLAND","total":203700,"count":38,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION TO A FEDERAL CANDIDATE"]}],"surname":"elfreth"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MD03156&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_E000301","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sarah Elfreth's PAC funding concentrates 65% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Sarah Elfreth's PAC donors concentrate 65% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Education $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":65,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MD03156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"J000302":[{"id":"P2_J000302_i7ou51","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_e8rffx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL PAC (AT&T FEDERAL PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AT&T INC. FEDERAL PAC (AT&T FEDERAL PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL PAC (AT&T FEDERAL PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_9r1fvu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_52lg7w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"OSHKOSH CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC (OCEPA gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from OSHKOSH CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC (OCEPAC), a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"OSHKOSH CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC (OCEPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_doc0du","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FIRSTENERGY CORP. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from FIRSTENERGY CORP. PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FIRSTENERGY CORP. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_o6r6rj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_ohnc58","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CONSTELLATION ENERGY CORPORATION EMPLOYE gave $9,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $9,000 from CONSTELLATION ENERGY CORPORATION EMPLOYEE PAC (CEPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CONSTELLATION ENERGY CORPORATION EMPLOYEE PAC (CEPAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_guodne","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC (MPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC (MPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_rwkb6r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"T-MOBILE US, INC.  PAC (T-PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from T-MOBILE US, INC.  PAC (T-PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"T-MOBILE US, INC.  PAC (T-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P2_J000302_u7syvd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SOCIETY OF INDEPENDENT GASOLINE MARKETER gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"John Joyce serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SOCIETY OF INDEPENDENT GASOLINE MARKETERS OF AMERICA PAC (SIGMA: AMERICA'S LEADING FUEL MARKETERS..., a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOCIETY OF INDEPENDENT GASOLINE MARKETERS OF AMERICA PAC (SIGMA: AMERICA'S LEADING FUEL MARKETERS...","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","China Task Force"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/J000302","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://johnjoyce.house.gov/issues/congress"]},{"id":"P19_J000302_mabv3j","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Joyce campaign paid $1,134,878 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: JOYCE KAZADI INITIATIVES, LLC","explanation":"John Joyce's campaign paid 42 disbursements totaling $1,134,878 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOYCE KAZADI INITIATIVES, LLC","total":388955.46,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"JOYCE KAZADI INITIATIVES, LLC","amount":41689.8,"date":"2021-01-12","description":"CAMPAIGN EVENT PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JOYCE KAZADI INITIATIVES, LLC","amount":40928.62,"date":"2021-01-04","description":"CAMPAIGN EVENT PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JOYCE KAZADI INITIATIVES, LLC","amount":38823.56,"date":"2021-01-12","description":"CAMPAIGN EVENT PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH","total":380000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH","amount":300000,"date":"2024-10-10","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH","amount":50000,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"2024 VOLUNTARY NON-FEDERAL PRIMARY","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH","amount":30000,"date":"2023-11-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHERNICK, JOYCE","total":75778.87,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CHERNICK, JOYCE","amount":41778.87,"date":"2023-08-21","description":"REIMBURSEMENT - SEE BELOW IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHERNICK, JOYCE","amount":34000,"date":"2025-03-27","description":"REFUND OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE","total":70000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE","amount":50000,"date":"2024-09-17","description":"JOYCE CRAIG, GOVERNOR  NH","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE","amount":20000,"date":"2024-10-22","description":"JOYCE CRAIG, GOVERNOR  NH","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HEALY-ABRAMS, JOYCE","total":65000.03,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"HEALY-ABRAMS, JOYCE","amount":24000,"date":"2012-09-20","description":"PAYMENT FOR PRIMARY ELECTION LOAN","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HEALY-ABRAMS, JOYCE","amount":21000,"date":"2012-11-01","description":"PAYMENT FOR PRIMARY ELECTION LOAN","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HEALY-ABRAMS, JOYCE","amount":20000.03,"date":"2012-11-02","description":"PAYMENT FOR PRIMARY ELECTION LOAN","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY ATTN: CAROLINE JOYCE","total":55000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY ATTN: CAROLINE JOYCE","amount":30000,"date":"2024-05-28","description":"GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY ATTN: CAROLINE JOYCE","amount":25000,"date":"2024-06-14","description":"GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS","surnameMatched":"joyce","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JOYCE%20KAZADI%20INITIATIVES"]},{"id":"P25_J000302_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of PAC dollars ($674,639) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"John Joyce receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":674639.19,"share":71.6,"totalPAC":942156.99,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":674639.19,"share":71.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":50000,"share":5.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":39000,"share":4.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Telecom","amount":35000,"share":3.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_J000302_NCTA_The_Internet_and_Televisi_117838","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NCTA-The Internet and Television Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John Joyce sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2025-01-23 held a hearing titled \"Strengthening American Leadership in Wireless Technology\". The witness Michael Powell (NCTA-The Internet and Television Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"117838","title":"Strengthening American Leadership in Wireless Technology","date":"2025-01-23T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Powell","witnessOrg":"NCTA-The Internet and Television Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117838"},{"source":"donor","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTA PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20AND%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117838","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20AND%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_J000302_NCTA_The_Internet_and_Televisi_115463","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NCTA—The Internet and Television Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"John Joyce sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-03-10 held a hearing titled \"Defending America’s Wireless Leadership\". The witness James Assey (NCTA—The Internet and Television Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115463","title":"Defending America’s Wireless Leadership","date":"2023-03-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"James Assey","witnessOrg":"NCTA—The Internet and Television Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115463"},{"source":"donor","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTA PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20AND%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115463","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20AND%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P61_J000302","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $172,000","explanation":"John Joyce received campaign contributions totaling $172,000 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 25 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION ($10,000); VALERO ENERGY ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SPINE SPECIALISTS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":172000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC - FEDERAL","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPINE PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SPINE SPECIALISTS","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SPINE SPECIALISTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_J000302","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Joyce's campaign paid $625,000 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH ($380,000)","explanation":"John Joyce's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 13 payments totaling $625,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH ($380,000 across 3 payments, services: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION · 2024 VOLUNTARY NON-FEDERAL PRIMARY · CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":625000.03,"paymentCount":13,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NH","total":380000,"count":3,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","2024 VOLUNTARY NON-FEDERAL PRIMARY","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"JOYCE CRAIG FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE","total":70000,"count":2,"descriptions":["JOYCE CRAIG, GOVERNOR  NH"]},{"payee":"HEALY-ABRAMS, JOYCE","total":65000.03,"count":3,"descriptions":["PAYMENT FOR PRIMARY ELECTION LOAN"]},{"payee":"NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY ATTN: CAROLINE JOYCE","total":55000,"count":2,"descriptions":["GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS"]},{"payee":"TEAM JOYCE FOR PENNSYLVANIA","total":40000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"joyce"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8PA13125&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_J000302","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Joyce draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.7M PAC / $17.0M total)","explanation":"John Joyce's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.7M of $17.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.69,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.97,"pacSharePct":51.2,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8PA13125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA13125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_J000302","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Joyce's PAC funding concentrates 32% in Healthcare ($0.04M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"John Joyce's PAC donors concentrate 32% in the Healthcare industry — $0.04M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Healthcare $0.04M · Finance $0.02M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Healthcare","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":31.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Healthcare":0.04,"Finance":0.02,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA13125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_J000302","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Joyce — DW-NOMINATE 0.58 vs PA delegation mean 0.01 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"John Joyce's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.58) is 1.6 standard deviations from the PA delegation mean (0.01). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PA","memberScore":0.58,"delegationMean":0.013452380952380962,"zscore":"1.62"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M001206":[{"id":"P2_M001206_wwo1pv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUN gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_9xlr02","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PA gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_f2b98q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES P gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_d4tzes","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_mso8em","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INT'L UNION gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INT'L UNION CMTE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INT'L UNION CMTE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_85z170","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH A gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_e3ndze","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEE gave $10,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Education (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 158 VOLUNTARY POLITICAL ACTION FUND, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 158 VOLUNTARY POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_kco5sz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL AC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_i31bsg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC'), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC')","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_79ibrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_1y1igr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Pharma (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_2ci4mo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_9ofb1v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_dvsud9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEP gave $9,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Education (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $9,000 from D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATION","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $8,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $8,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":8000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_fxoqm6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_up88zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"END CITIZENS UNITED gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from END CITIZENS UNITED, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"END CITIZENS UNITED","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_2y4pn6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICA gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_giwro","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE  gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_kd6ez2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY A gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P2_M001206_r46x33","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATI gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle serves on committees regulating Education (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","House Administration","House Administration","Appropriations","Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["http://morelle.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.naicu.edu/policy-advocacy/congressional-independent-colleges-caucus/member-spotlight-morelle/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Morelle"]},{"id":"P7_M001206_ticw1e","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,822,482 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,822,482 opposing this member across 79 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3822481.7200000044,"totalSupport":123973.43999999999,"events":79,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":3820802.67},{"name":"Working America","oppose":1679.0500000000009}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001206_r4mwwe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,794 donation spike on 2018-06-26 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-26 this committee recorded $72,794 across 58 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,412.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675108","date":"2018-06-26","amount":72794,"count":58,"baseline":7412,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675108/"]},{"id":"P15_M001206_r4mwy4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,705 donation spike on 2018-06-06 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-06 this committee recorded $72,705 across 87 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,909.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675108","date":"2018-06-06","amount":72705,"count":87,"baseline":10909,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675108/"]},{"id":"P15_M001206_r4o6vf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,550 donation spike on 2018-04-27 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-27 this committee recorded $60,550 across 35 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,070.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675108","date":"2018-04-27","amount":60550,"count":35,"baseline":8070,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675108/"]},{"id":"P15_M001206_fc8t8a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,900 donation spike on 2022-08-23 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-23 this committee recorded $54,900 across 34 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,527.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675108","date":"2022-08-23","amount":54900,"count":34,"baseline":4527,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675108/"]},{"id":"P18_M001206_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joseph Morelle executed 5 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2020 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-10-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2020 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-10-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001206_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joseph Morelle executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISI","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Cuban Assets Control Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2020-10-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Cuban Assets Control Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2020-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001206_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joseph Morelle executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-10-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001206_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joseph Morelle executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Implementation of the Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008; Correction","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration","date":"2020-10-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001206_iali3f","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joseph Morelle campaign paid $403,764 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Joseph Morelle's campaign paid 80 disbursements totaling $403,764 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORELLE, JOSEPH D","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MORELLE, JOSEPH D","amount":5000,"date":"2020-10-20","description":"","surnameMatched":"morelle","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","total":4203,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","amount":4203,"date":"2006-12-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P20_M001206_1t1o","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Joseph Morelle sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"URI","date":"2020-11-20","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":104508.9,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_M001206_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"55% of PAC dollars ($457,996) come from Party industry","explanation":"Joseph Morelle receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":457996.25,"share":55.1,"totalPAC":831319.75,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":457996.25,"share":55.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":75000,"share":9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":70000,"share":8.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":45000,"share":5.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001206","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 37 total findings","explanation":"Joseph Morelle has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":37,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001206_INTC_20201120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INTC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joseph Morelle sell $INTC 2 days after a corporate insider (SWAN ROBERT HOLMES  (CIK 0001218363)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"SWAN ROBERT HOLMES  (CIK 0001218363)","filingDate":"2020-11-18","adsh":"0001127602-20-029452","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001206_AMZN_20201120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joseph Morelle sell $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (STONESIFER PATRICIA Q  (CIK 0001184756)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"STONESIFER PATRICIA Q  (CIK 0001184756)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001127602-20-029261","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001206_AGN_20200511","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AGN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joseph Morelle buy $AGN 1 day before a corporate insider (Boccuzi Joseph H  (CIK 0001712446)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AGN","filer":"Boccuzi Joseph H  (CIK 0001712446)","filingDate":"2020-05-12","adsh":"0000899243-20-012764"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001206_AMZN_20201120","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joseph Morelle sell $AMZN 4 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-11-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-029932"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_M001206_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Joseph Morelle sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_M001206_Regional_Talent_Development_To_117882","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Regional Talent Development, Toyota Motor North America testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies — also a $4,500 donor","explanation":"Joseph Morelle sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Career Ready Students: Innovations from Community Colleges and the Private Sector\". The witness Mr. Dennis Parker (Regional Talent Development, Toyota Motor North America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117882","title":"Career Ready Students: Innovations from Community Colleges and the Private Sector","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Dennis Parker","witnessOrg":"Regional Talent Development, Toyota Motor North America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117882"},{"source":"donor","name":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (TOYOTA/LEXUS PAC)","total":4500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TOYOTA%20MOTOR%20NORTH%20AMERICA%2C%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(TOYOTA%2FLEXUS%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117882","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TOYOTA%20MOTOR%20NORTH%20AMERICA%2C%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(TOYOTA%2FLEXUS%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_M001206_Virginia_Institute_for_Public__115487","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Virginia Institute for Public Policy testified before House Administration Subcommittee on Elections — also a $8,000 donor","explanation":"Joseph Morelle sits on House Administration Subcommittee on Elections, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"“2022 Midterms Look Back Series: Election Observer Access”\". The witness Ms. Lynn Taylor (Virginia Institute for Public Policy) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $8,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Administration Subcommittee on Elections","eventId":"115487","title":"“2022 Midterms Look Back Series: Election Observer Access”","date":"2023-03-23T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Lynn Taylor","witnessOrg":"Virginia Institute for Public Policy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115487"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":8000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20INSTITUTE%20OF%20CERTIFIED%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTANTS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115487","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20INSTITUTE%20OF%20CERTIFIED%20PUBLIC%20ACCOUNTANTS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P49_M001206_2020-11-19_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 1 day after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Joseph Morelle delivered a 602-word floor speech on 2020-11-19 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Madam Speaker, I just want to note that I feel a little bit like Alice in ‘‘Alice through the Looking Glass,’’ where in is out and up is dow…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 1 day after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-11-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":602,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Madam Speaker, I just want to note that I feel a little bit like Alice in ‘‘Alice through the Looking Glass,’’ where in is out and up is dow","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/11/19/CREC-2020-11-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/11/19/CREC-2020-11-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_M001206","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"41 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $283,000","explanation":"Joseph Morelle received campaign contributions totaling $283,000 from 41 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 40 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000); GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($10,000); CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":41,"totalDollars":283000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GM PAC)","ldaClient":"GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 158 VOLUNTARY POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC')","ldaClient":"CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001206","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $54,900 on 2022-08-23 (12.1× normal)","explanation":"Joseph Morelle's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $54,900 on 2022-08-23 — 12.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":54900,"maxRatio":12.1,"maxAmount":54900},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-08-23","amount":54900,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":4527,"count":34,"cmteId":"C00675108","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00675108&min_date=2022-08-23&max_date=2022-08-23"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675108/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00675108&min_date=2022-08-23&max_date=2022-08-23"]},{"id":"P78_M001206","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 48 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Joseph Morelle appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 48 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (25); daily donation spike (4); reg rule trade proximity (4); hearing witness donor (3); insider followed trade (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":48,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":25},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001206","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_M001206","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph Morelle named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.3M total receipts) — top: MORELLE VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Joseph Morelle appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MORELLE VICTORY FUND (C00714527, $1.3M receipts, treasurer PETTERSON, JAY). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.32,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00714527","name":"MORELLE VICTORY FUND","receipts":1321381.85,"treasurer":"PETTERSON, JAY","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714527/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714527/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00714527/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_M001206","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joseph Morelle draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.7M PAC / $18.1M total)","explanation":"Joseph Morelle's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.7M of $18.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.08,"pacSharePct":53.6,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8NY25105"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY25105/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P178_M001206_2020-11-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph Morelle — 15 trades on 2020-11-20","explanation":"Joseph Morelle disclosed 15 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-11-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-11-20","count":15}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001231":[{"id":"P2_S001231_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Lateefah Simon serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance"]}],"citations":["http://simon.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateefah_Simon","https://legisletter.org/legislator/lateefah-simon-S001231/committees"]},{"id":"P6_S001231_uczdq1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$272,536 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from People Over Politics","explanation":"People Over Politics spent $272,536 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00679639","name":"People Over Politics","support":272536.22,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00679639/"]},{"id":"P10_S001231_9p9vdy","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $192,429 / spent $177,367","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00878934","cmteName":"ON THE MOVE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":125100,"totalDisbursements":81451.6,"cashOnHand":43648.45},{"cmteId":"C00878934","cmteName":"ON THE MOVE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":67328.8,"totalDisbursements":95915.8,"cashOnHand":15061.39}],"totalRaised":192428.8,"totalSpent":177367.40000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001231_lr8esd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $190,360 in itemized individual contributions, $156,100 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":190360,"buckets":{"$200 and under":900,"$200.01-$499":4510,"$500-$999":8750,"$1000-$1999":20100,"$2000 and over":156100},"megaShare":82,"smallDonorShare":0.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001231_jctzhz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lateefah Simon campaign paid $9,183,700 to 62 surname-matched vendors, top: ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Lateefah Simon's campaign paid 292 disbursements totaling $9,183,700 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","total":1253374.8699999999,"count":41,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":87716.64,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47720.39,"date":"2024-10-24","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47670.76,"date":"2025-05-06","description":"REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SIMON JR., DR. FRED J.","total":1105439.18,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SIMON JR., DR. FRED J.","amount":250000,"date":"2014-05-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SIMON JR., DR. FRED J.","amount":200000,"date":"2014-06-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SIMON JR., DR. FRED J.","amount":200000,"date":"2014-05-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BILL SIMON FOR GOVERNOR","total":1000000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BILL SIMON FOR GOVERNOR","amount":500000,"date":"2002-10-18","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"BILL SIMON FOR GOVERNOR","amount":400000,"date":"2002-10-04","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"BILL SIMON FOR GOVERNOR","amount":100000,"date":"2002-04-15","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOODWIN SIMON STRATEGIC RESEARCH, INC.","total":830648,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"GOODWIN SIMON STRATEGIC RESEARCH, INC.","amount":48984,"date":"2022-03-09","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GOODWIN SIMON STRATEGIC RESEARCH, INC.","amount":40530,"date":"2024-07-01","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GOODWIN SIMON STRATEGIC RESEARCH, INC.","amount":37942,"date":"2024-01-05","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"simon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","total":644292.1699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":57101.49,"date":"2025-07-10","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":49837.55,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":40333.9,"date":"2023-06-08","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","total":439416.06000000006,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":38708.18,"date":"2022-10-21","description":"FUNDRAISING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":37204.16,"date":"2023-02-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENESES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":36897.93,"date":"2020-01-08","description":"CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ANGERHOLZER%20BROZ%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P25_S001231_Technology","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"52% of PAC dollars ($202,998) come from Technology industry","explanation":"Lateefah Simon receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Technology issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Technology","amount":202998,"share":52.4,"totalPAC":387454.07,"pacCount":28},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":202998,"share":52.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":54456.07,"share":14.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":40000,"share":10.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":35000,"share":9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001231","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Lateefah Simon has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_S001231_Georgia_s_Own_Credit_Union_117876","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Georgia's Own Credit Union testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Lateefah Simon sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks\". The witness Michael Sims (Georgia's Own Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"117876","title":"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Sims","witnessOrg":"Georgia's Own Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P61_S001231","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $80,000","explanation":"Lateefah Simon received campaign contributions totaling $80,000 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION ($10,000); AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":80000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS","ldaClient":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S001231","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lateefah Simon's campaign paid $2,517,503 to 17 surname-matched vendors — top: QUINN-SIMON FOR ILLINOIS ($1,000,000)","explanation":"Lateefah Simon's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 26 payments totaling $2,517,503 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: QUINN-SIMON FOR ILLINOIS ($1,000,000 across 2 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION ILLINOIS STATE RACE). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2517503.01,"paymentCount":26,"payeeCount":17,"topPayees":[{"payee":"QUINN-SIMON FOR ILLINOIS","total":1000000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION ILLINOIS STATE RACE"]},{"payee":"SIMON & SHUSTER","total":427006.02,"count":3,"descriptions":["BOOKS PURCHASE","BOOK PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"WINSTON, SIMON","total":300000,"count":1,"descriptions":["REPAY LOAN"]},{"payee":"QUINN/SIMON FOR ILLINOIS","total":250000,"count":2,"descriptions":["NON FEDERAL COMMITTEE","PAT QUINN, GOVERNOR  IL"]},{"payee":"SIMON & SCHUSTER CO","total":100164,"count":2,"descriptions":["BOOKS FOR FULFILLMENT - OBAMA NATION"]}],"surname":"simon"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA12154&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_S001231","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lateefah Simon's PAC funding concentrates 71% in Technology ($0.19M / $0.27M classified)","explanation":"Lateefah Simon's PAC donors concentrate 71% in the Technology industry — $0.19M of $0.27M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.19M · Labor $0.03M · Energy $0.01M · Education $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.19,"totalPacAmountM":0.27,"concentrationPct":70.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.19,"Labor":0.03,"Energy":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA12154/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"N000188":[{"id":"P2_N000188_sx9hxl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION C gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APP, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APP","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_wwo1pv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUN gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_379oou","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKER gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_kco5sz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL AC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_dvsud9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEP gave $10,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Education (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_4q8sr8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFT gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_j1zjup","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMM, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMM","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_79ibrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_23cj7q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACROSS THE AISLE PAC gave $9,500 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $9,500 from ACROSS THE AISLE PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACROSS THE AISLE PAC","total":9500,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_bbv72","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES POLITICAL  gave $9,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $9,000 from HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE (SHIPPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE (SHIPPAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_r46x33","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATI gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Education (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_i1yd4o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS  gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_8qosaa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATION gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_gtpn1f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_3atane","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_zccqq8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' P gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_k12lss","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Education (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_jz92n4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL LONGSHOREMEN'S ASSOCIATION gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Labor (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL LONGSHOREMEN'S ASSOCIATION AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL LONGSHOREMEN'S ASSOCIATION AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_hurmsg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMM gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P2_N000188_w655l5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TEACHERS INSURANCE ANNUITY ASSOCIATION O gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Norcross serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from TEACHERS INSURANCE ANNUITY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA PAC (TIAA PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEACHERS INSURANCE ANNUITY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA PAC (TIAA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Education and the Workforce","Education and the Workforce","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://norcross.house.gov/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norcross","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/N000188/115"]},{"id":"P6_N000188_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$815,863 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $815,863 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":815862.7799999998,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P9_N000188_vjdmzc","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$16,029 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $16,029 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":16028.62,"oppose":0,"net":16028.62,"events":13,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":11710.32,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":2196.63,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004239","name":"SEIU LOCAL 32BJ","support":2121.67,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_N000188_qj4wvw","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,159,715 / spent $1,075,338","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00575894","cmteName":"BLUE POWER PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":137420,"totalDisbursements":135073.3,"cashOnHand":2346.7},{"cmteId":"C00575894","cmteName":"BLUE POWER PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":211900,"totalDisbursements":140709.3,"cashOnHand":73537.44},{"cmteId":"C00575894","cmteName":"BLUE POWER PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":157400,"totalDisbursements":169303,"cashOnHand":61634.47},{"cmteId":"C00575894","cmteName":"BLUE POWER PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":230600,"totalDisbursements":208197.9,"cashOnHand":84036.58},{"cmteId":"C00575894","cmteName":"BLUE POWER PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":265900,"totalDisbursements":230496.5,"cashOnHand":119440.06}],"totalRaised":1159714.9,"totalSpent":1075338.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_N000188_lvl0bo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $7,138,548 in itemized individual contributions, $4,440,924 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7138548,"buckets":{"$200 and under":73498,"$200.01-$499":330274,"$500-$999":604973,"$1000-$1999":1688879,"$2000 and over":4440924},"megaShare":62.2,"smallDonorShare":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_N000188_i2956e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,650 donation spike on 2017-03-06 — 13× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-06 this committee recorded $120,650 across 59 contributions — 13× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,264.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2017-03-06","amount":120650,"count":59,"baseline":9264,"ratio":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P15_N000188_nm66ao","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$105,449 donation spike on 2015-09-15 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-15 this committee recorded $105,449 across 82 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,733.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2015-09-15","amount":105449,"count":82,"baseline":7733,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P15_N000188_wq5jqq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,610 donation spike on 2016-10-18 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-10-18 this committee recorded $97,610 across 80 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,292.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2016-10-18","amount":97610,"count":80,"baseline":8292,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P15_N000188_wqmsdb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,514 donation spike on 2016-04-21 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-04-21 this committee recorded $79,514 across 61 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,618.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2016-04-21","amount":79514,"count":61,"baseline":8618,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P15_N000188_8xr928","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,099 donation spike on 2014-08-04 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-08-04 this committee recorded $77,099 across 39 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,278.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2014-08-04","amount":77099,"count":39,"baseline":10278,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P15_N000188_i1pzjn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,450 donation spike on 2017-12-18 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-18 this committee recorded $75,450 across 46 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,478.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2017-12-18","amount":75450,"count":46,"baseline":9478,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P15_N000188_bak2au","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,323 donation spike on 2019-04-23 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-04-23 this committee recorded $72,323 across 39 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,472.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2019-04-23","amount":72323,"count":39,"baseline":8472,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P15_N000188_3dczar","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,000 donation spike on 2018-10-15 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-15 this committee recorded $70,000 across 43 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,469.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2018-10-15","amount":70000,"count":43,"baseline":6469,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P15_N000188_8y5xs9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,550 donation spike on 2014-10-15 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-10-15 this committee recorded $63,550 across 74 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,821.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558320","date":"2014-10-15","amount":63550,"count":74,"baseline":7821,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/"]},{"id":"P19_N000188_ygnyf1","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald Norcross campaign paid $2,898,804 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Donald Norcross's campaign paid 113 disbursements totaling $2,898,804 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","total":1272618.0199999998,"count":42,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":87716.64,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47720.39,"date":"2024-10-24","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47670.76,"date":"2025-05-06","description":"REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","total":644292.1699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":57101.49,"date":"2025-07-10","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":49837.55,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":40333.9,"date":"2023-06-08","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","total":439416.06000000006,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":38708.18,"date":"2022-10-21","description":"FUNDRAISING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":37204.16,"date":"2023-02-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENESES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":36897.93,"date":"2020-01-08","description":"CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WARNER NORCROSS + JUDD LLP","total":259486.55,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"WARNER NORCROSS + JUDD LLP","amount":79759.72,"date":"2024-12-13","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"norcross","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WARNER NORCROSS + JUDD LLP","amount":32027.75,"date":"2024-10-25","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"norcross","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WARNER NORCROSS + JUDD LLP","amount":30000,"date":"2024-05-01","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"norcross","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","total":133303.82,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":25129.53,"date":"2013-12-31","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":22000,"date":"2013-08-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WARNER NORCROSS AND JUDD LLP","total":50000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"WARNER NORCROSS AND JUDD LLP","amount":30000,"date":"2023-02-08","description":"LEGAL FEES FOR COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"norcross","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WARNER NORCROSS AND JUDD LLP","amount":20000,"date":"2021-01-06","description":"ATTORNEY FEES","surnameMatched":"norcross","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ANGERHOLZER%20BROZ%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P36_N000188","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 37 total findings","explanation":"Donald Norcross has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":37,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_N000188_Lockheed_Martin_Corporation_116356","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lockheed Martin Corporation testified before House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Donald Norcross sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation, which on 2023-09-20 held a hearing titled \"Industry Perspectives on Defense Innovation and Deterrence\". The witness Mr. James Taiclet (Lockheed Martin Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","eventId":"116356","title":"Industry Perspectives on Defense Innovation and Deterrence","date":"2023-09-20T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Taiclet","witnessOrg":"Lockheed Martin Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116356"},{"source":"donor","name":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LOCKHEED%20MARTIN%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116356","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LOCKHEED%20MARTIN%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_N000188","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $249,000","explanation":"Donald Norcross received campaign contributions totaling $249,000 from 34 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 34 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED ASSN OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE PLU ($10,000); INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENT ($10,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":34,"totalDollars":249000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APP","ldaClient":"UNITED ASSN OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL & REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL)","ldaClient":"INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL & REINFORCING IRON WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_N000188","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $120,650 on 2017-03-06 (13.0× normal)","explanation":"Donald Norcross's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $120,650 on 2017-03-06 — 13.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":393709,"maxRatio":13.6,"maxAmount":120650},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-03-06","amount":120650,"ratio":13,"baselineDaily":9264,"count":59,"cmteId":"C00558320","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558320&min_date=2017-03-06&max_date=2017-03-06"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-09-15","amount":105449,"ratio":13.6,"baselineDaily":7733,"count":82,"cmteId":"C00558320","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558320&min_date=2015-09-15&max_date=2015-09-15"},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-10-18","amount":97610,"ratio":11.8,"baselineDaily":8292,"count":80,"cmteId":"C00558320","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558320&min_date=2016-10-18&max_date=2016-10-18"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-10-15","amount":70000,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":6469,"count":43,"cmteId":"C00558320","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558320&min_date=2018-10-15&max_date=2018-10-15"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558320/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558320&min_date=2017-03-06&max_date=2017-03-06"]},{"id":"P78_N000188","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 41 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Donald Norcross appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 41 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (23); daily donation spike (9); ie support concentration (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":41,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":23},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/N000188","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_N000188","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Donald Norcross's campaign paid $34,406 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: SPECTRUM PRODUCTIONS NORCROSS ($22,875)","explanation":"Donald Norcross's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $34,406 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SPECTRUM PRODUCTIONS NORCROSS ($22,875 across 2 payments, services: STAGING, SOUND, LIGHTING). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":34405.72,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SPECTRUM PRODUCTIONS NORCROSS","total":22875,"count":2,"descriptions":["STAGING, SOUND, LIGHTING"]},{"payee":"WARNER  NORCROSS & JUDD","total":11530.720000000001,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]}],"surname":"norcross"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NJ01084&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_N000188","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Donald Norcross draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.2M PAC / $29.4M total)","explanation":"Donald Norcross's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.2M of $29.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.37,"pacSharePct":45,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4NJ01084"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NJ01084/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001194":[{"id":"P2_M001194_kj9ufv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"John Moolenaar serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Committee on Appropriations","Committee on Appropriations","Committee on Appropriations","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Moolenaar","http://moolenaar.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001194"]},{"id":"P2_M001194_tgc0dx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Moolenaar serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Committee on Appropriations","Committee on Appropriations","Committee on Appropriations","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Moolenaar","http://moolenaar.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001194"]},{"id":"P2_M001194_pw45r8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONA gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"John Moolenaar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE..., a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Committee on Appropriations","Committee on Appropriations","Committee on Appropriations","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Moolenaar","http://moolenaar.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001194"]},{"id":"P6_M001194_uup8re","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$530,852 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CAMPAIGN FOR JOBS AND OPPORTUNITY","explanation":"CAMPAIGN FOR JOBS AND OPPORTUNITY spent $530,852 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00562785","name":"CAMPAIGN FOR JOBS AND OPPORTUNITY","support":530851.85,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00562785/"]},{"id":"P9_M001194_pes007","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$14,886 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $14,886 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":14886.310000000001,"oppose":0,"net":14886.310000000001,"events":11,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":9127.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":5709.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":48.59,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001194_u0jlrx","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $530,962 / spent $528,185","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00583526","cmteName":"TOGETHER UNITED FOR LIBERTY, INTEGRITY AND PROSPERITY PAC (TULIP PAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":25506.7,"totalDisbursements":24496.4,"cashOnHand":1010.37},{"cmteId":"C00583526","cmteName":"TOGETHER UNITED FOR LIBERTY, INTEGRITY AND PROSPERITY PAC (TULIP PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":47250,"totalDisbursements":48113.7,"cashOnHand":146.67},{"cmteId":"C00583526","cmteName":"TOGETHER UNITED FOR LIBERTY, INTEGRITY AND PROSPERITY PAC (TULIP PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":112235.2,"totalDisbursements":96254.8,"cashOnHand":16127.02},{"cmteId":"C00583526","cmteName":"TOGETHER UNITED FOR LIBERTY, INTEGRITY AND PROSPERITY PAC (TULIP PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":145444.8,"totalDisbursements":125363.8,"cashOnHand":36208.06},{"cmteId":"C00583526","cmteName":"TOGETHER UNITED FOR LIBERTY, INTEGRITY AND PROSPERITY PAC (TULIP PAC)","year":"2024","totalReceipts":149000,"totalDisbursements":168541.9,"cashOnHand":16666.19}],"totalRaised":530961.7,"totalSpent":528184.7999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001194_l7721o","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -11%)","explanation":"Of $5,421,404 in itemized individual contributions, $3,634,254 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5421404,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-588454,"$200.01-$499":319482,"$500-$999":626794,"$1000-$1999":1429328,"$2000 and over":3634254},"megaShare":67,"smallDonorShare":-10.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001194_rv904o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,330 donation spike on 2016-10-19 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-10-19 this committee recorded $69,330 across 68 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,398.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00561530","date":"2016-10-19","amount":69330,"count":68,"baseline":6398,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00561530/"]},{"id":"P15_M001194_1evxwb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,200 donation spike on 2021-09-27 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-27 this committee recorded $58,200 across 57 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,370.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00561530","date":"2021-09-27","amount":58200,"count":57,"baseline":7370,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00561530/"]},{"id":"P15_M001194_sewz5b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,050 donation spike on 2024-03-19 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-19 this committee recorded $55,050 across 27 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,845.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00561530","date":"2024-03-19","amount":55050,"count":27,"baseline":4845,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00561530/"]},{"id":"P19_M001194_bjxx9q","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Moolenaar campaign paid $173,998 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: LANG-ASSAEL, CHRISTINA","explanation":"John Moolenaar's campaign paid 14 disbursements totaling $173,998 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LANG-ASSAEL, CHRISTINA","total":48275,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LANG-ASSAEL, CHRISTINA","amount":16725,"date":"2020-04-22","description":"REFUND TO NON-FEDERAL ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"lang","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"LANG-ASSAEL, CHRISTINA","amount":16550,"date":"2014-09-19","description":"REFUND, EXCEEDED DNC LIMIT","surnameMatched":"lang","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LANG-ASSAEL, CHRISTINA","amount":15000,"date":"2018-11-29","description":"REFUND TO NON-FEDERAL ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"lang","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES LANG LASALLE AMERICAS","total":26000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES LANG LASALLE AMERICAS","amount":26000,"date":"2014-09-10","description":"BUILDING MAINTENANCE","surnameMatched":"lang","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHM MAILERS-PATTI LANG","total":21848.62,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SHM MAILERS-PATTI LANG","amount":21848.62,"date":"2006-10-01","description":"POSTAGE-#1&#2 MAILERS","surnameMatched":"lang","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR LOU LANG","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR LOU LANG","amount":20000,"date":"1996-10-28","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"lang","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES LANG LASALLE AMERICAS, INC.","total":14902,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES LANG LASALLE AMERICAS, INC.","amount":14902,"date":"2022-05-06","description":"HEADQUARTERS LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMEN","surnameMatched":"lang","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LANG ASSAEL, CHRISTINA","total":14200,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LANG ASSAEL, CHRISTINA","amount":14200,"date":"2021-02-01","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"lang","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LANG-ASSAEL"]},{"id":"P26_M001194_c8f8po","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 9 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"John Moolenaar's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson, Bruce Parkyn","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Burns, Jackson, Miller, Summit & Jacoby","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson, Sara C.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Davis, William Jackson","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson & Kelly","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P34_M001194_5kyfbe","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $20,250","explanation":"John Moolenaar's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC)","total":10000,"matchedClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE SECURITY SOLUTIONS","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"IHEARTMEDIA INC.","total":5250,"matchedClient":"IHEARTMEDIA INC","matchType":"exact"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"matchedClient":"JACKSON HEWITT INC","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001194","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"John Moolenaar has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001194","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $166,940","explanation":"John Moolenaar received campaign contributions totaling $166,940 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY ($61,940); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); MICHIGAN SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":166940,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"WESTERN MICHIGAN VICTORY FUND","ldaClient":"WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY","donorTotal":61940,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC)","ldaClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MICHIGAN SUGAR COMPANY GROWERS PAC","ldaClient":"MICHIGAN SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001194","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $69,330 on 2016-10-19 (10.8× normal)","explanation":"John Moolenaar's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $69,330 on 2016-10-19 — 10.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":124380,"maxRatio":11.4,"maxAmount":69330},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-10-19","amount":69330,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":6398,"count":68,"cmteId":"C00561530","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00561530&min_date=2016-10-19&max_date=2016-10-19"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-19","amount":55050,"ratio":11.4,"baselineDaily":4845,"count":27,"cmteId":"C00561530","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00561530&min_date=2024-03-19&max_date=2024-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00561530/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00561530&min_date=2016-10-19&max_date=2016-10-19"]},{"id":"P78_M001194","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 16 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Moolenaar appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 16 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (3); daily donation spike (3); ie support concentration (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":16,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001194","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_M001194","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Moolenaar draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.6M PAC / $21.1M total)","explanation":"John Moolenaar's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.6M of $21.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.6,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.06,"pacSharePct":40.8,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4MI04126"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MI04126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"F000474":[{"id":"P2_F000474_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Flood serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://flood.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Flood_(politician)","http://flood.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000474_nq60cd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF TOPEKA gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Flood serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,000 from FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF TOPEKA, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF TOPEKA","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://flood.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Flood_(politician)","http://flood.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_F000474_xpcylu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION ASSOCI gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Flood serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $3,500 from CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION ASSOCIATES POLITICAL FUND, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION ASSOCIATES POLITICAL FUND","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://flood.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Flood_(politician)","http://flood.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P9_F000474_yvq0ub","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$16,744 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $16,744 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":16744.08,"oppose":0,"net":16744.08,"events":3,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":16744.08,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_F000474_kkw50v","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $353,661 / spent $332,716","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00832568","cmteName":"HIGHWATER PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":111760,"totalDisbursements":98687.5,"cashOnHand":13072.5},{"cmteId":"C00832568","cmteName":"HIGHWATER PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":241901.1,"totalDisbursements":234028.4,"cashOnHand":20945.29}],"totalRaised":353661.1,"totalSpent":332715.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_F000474_8n1uu1","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $3,319,261 in itemized individual contributions, $2,180,800 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3319261,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-26333,"$200.01-$499":139399,"$500-$999":358043,"$1000-$1999":667352,"$2000 and over":2180800},"megaShare":65.7,"smallDonorShare":-0.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000474_wmhpdx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,100 donation spike on 2022-06-03 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-03 this committee recorded $50,100 across 45 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,202.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00801241","date":"2022-06-03","amount":50100,"count":45,"baseline":7202,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801241/"]},{"id":"P19_F000474_46wmgv","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Flood campaign paid $729,083 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: FLOOD & FLOOD","explanation":"Mike Flood's campaign paid 28 disbursements totaling $729,083 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLOOD & FLOOD","total":419500,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"FLOOD & FLOOD","amount":100000,"date":"2024-04-02","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FLOOD & FLOOD","amount":75000,"date":"2024-07-09","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FLOOD & FLOOD","amount":75000,"date":"2024-11-08","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLOOD, MICHAEL J","total":65000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FLOOD, MICHAEL J","amount":65000,"date":"2025-03-17","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CORELOGIC FLOOD SERVICES LLC","total":58500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CORELOGIC FLOOD SERVICES LLC","amount":58500,"date":"2013-04-24","description":"IT SUPPORT/MAINTENANCE","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VAQUEROS DEL MAR TEXAS FLOOD RELIEF FUND","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"VAQUEROS DEL MAR TEXAS FLOOD RELIEF FUND","amount":50000,"date":"2025-07-30","description":"CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLOOD, RYAN","total":35735.15,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FLOOD, RYAN","amount":7735.15,"date":"2018-09-01","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEES AND MILEAGE","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"FLOOD, RYAN","amount":7000,"date":"2018-10-01","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEES AND MILEAGE","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"FLOOD, RYAN","amount":7000,"date":"2018-08-01","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLOOD, JOHN C.","total":34350.05,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"FLOOD, JOHN C.","amount":12850,"date":"2011-01-12","description":"ELECTRICITY/PLUMBING REPAIRS","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"FLOOD, JOHN C.","amount":8400,"date":"2010-06-28","description":"EQUIP/PURCH. GENERAL BLDG MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"FLOOD, JOHN C.","amount":8100.05,"date":"2010-09-08","description":"EQUIP/PURCH. GENERAL BLDG MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"flood","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FLOOD%20%26%20FLOOD"]},{"id":"P36_F000474","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Mike Flood has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_F000474","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $93,500","explanation":"Mike Flood received campaign contributions totaling $93,500 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: HINO MOTORS MANUFACTURING U.S.A., INC. ($10,000); FIRST NATIONAL OF NEBRASKA INC ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NEBRASKA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION ($8,500); BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":93500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"KAWASAKI MOTORS MANUFACTURING CORP","ldaClient":"HINO MOTORS MANUFACTURING U.S.A., INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FNNI PAC - FIRST NATIONAL OF NEBRASKA PAC","ldaClient":"FIRST NATIONAL OF NEBRASKA INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEBRASKA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION PAC","ldaClient":"NEBRASKA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION","donorTotal":8500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD OF NEBRASKA","ldaClient":"BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_F000474","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Flood's campaign paid $564,183 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: FLOOD & FLOOD ($419,500)","explanation":"Mike Flood's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 22 payments totaling $564,183 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FLOOD & FLOOD ($419,500 across 9 payments, services: LEGAL SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":564182.8300000001,"paymentCount":22,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FLOOD & FLOOD","total":419500,"count":9,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"VAQUEROS DEL MAR TEXAS FLOOD RELIEF FUND","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"FLOOD, RYAN","total":35735.15,"count":5,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEES AND MILEAGE","CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEES","CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEE"]},{"payee":"FLOOD, JOHN C.","total":34350.05,"count":4,"descriptions":["ELECTRICITY/PLUMBING REPAIRS","EQUIP/PURCH. GENERAL BLDG MATERIALS"]},{"payee":"FLOOD COMMUNICATIONS","total":10597.63,"count":1,"descriptions":["RADIO ADVERTISING"]}],"surname":"flood"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NE01118&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_F000474","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Flood named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: MIKE FLOOD VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Mike Flood appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MIKE FLOOD VICTORY FUND (C00833715, $1.2M receipts, treasurer PHILLIPS, ROBERT III). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.22,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00833715","name":"MIKE FLOOD VICTORY FUND","receipts":1218366.67,"treasurer":"PHILLIPS, ROBERT III","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833715/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833715/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00833715/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_F000474","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Flood draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.5M PAC / $12.3M total)","explanation":"Mike Flood's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.5M of $12.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.31,"pacSharePct":36.7,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2NE01118"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NE01118/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001292":[{"id":"P2_B001292_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_in0at4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_ufuh17","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (S gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SERCO PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SERCO PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_d5nepj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FED gave $9,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $9,000 from FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_tku2l4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EXPERIAN NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from EXPERIAN NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (EXPERIAN PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EXPERIAN NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (EXPERIAN PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_5stoiv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_bbv72","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE (SHIPPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE (SHIPPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_uh97ye","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_ins7s7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMP gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_ecc05d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL A gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $4,000 from INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P2_B001292_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $3,500 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Joint Economic Committee","Joint Economic Committee"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.americansecurityproject.org/about/board-of-directors/congressman-donald-beyer/","https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1164","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001292"]},{"id":"P9_B001292_hdfe7p","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,646 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,646 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10645.66,"oppose":0,"net":10645.66,"events":10,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":8392.48,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004239","name":"SEIU LOCAL 32BJ","support":1818.31,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":378.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":56.779999999999994,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001292_69rq4h","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,262,931 / spent $1,239,714","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00566562","cmteName":"BACKPAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":252775,"totalDisbursements":256045.5,"cashOnHand":35621.49},{"cmteId":"C00566562","cmteName":"BACKPAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":391723,"totalDisbursements":425171.1,"cashOnHand":2173.36},{"cmteId":"C00566562","cmteName":"BACKPAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":470650,"totalDisbursements":448667.6,"cashOnHand":36940.82},{"cmteId":"C00566562","cmteName":"BACKPAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":147783,"totalDisbursements":109829.9,"cashOnHand":74893.9}],"totalRaised":1262931,"totalSpent":1239714.0999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001292_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3243 employees of N/A gave $1,752,526 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3243× N/A = $1,752,526. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":3243,"total":1752526,"years":["2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001292_NDAQ_2019-11-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NDAQ within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-11-13 and 2019-11-19, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on NDAQ. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2019-11-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NDAQ","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"}],"span":"2019-11-13 to 2019-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001292_ECL_2020-04-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ECL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-20 and 2020-04-27, 3 members took the same direction on ECL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECL","date":"2020-04-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ECL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"}],"span":"2020-04-20 to 2020-04-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001292_DAL_2020-04-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-27 and 2020-05-04, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on DAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001201","name":"Thomas Suozzi"}],"span":"2020-04-27 to 2020-05-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001292_TJX_2020-04-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TJX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-28 and 2020-05-01, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on TJX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","date":"2020-04-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TJX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"},{"bioguideId":"R000307","name":"Pat Roberts"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-04-28 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001292_CYRX_2020-01-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CYRX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-13 and 2020-01-17, 3 members took the same direction on CYRX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CYRX","date":"2020-01-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CYRX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-01-13 to 2020-01-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001292_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Donald Beyer executed 19 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2022-03-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2021-07-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2021-06-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2021-06-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol; Exemption From the Requirement of a Tolerance","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2022-02-07"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard","agency":"Labor Department, Occupational Safety and Health Administration","date":"2021-06-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001292_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Donald Beyer executed 89 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 Meters) Leng","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-01-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 Meters) Leng","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-01-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001292_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"49 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Donald Beyer executed 49 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","date":"2022-01-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inflation Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-02-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inflation Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-02-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001292_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Donald Beyer executed 17 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTLA","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTLA","date":"2021-10-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTLA","date":"2021-09-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Department of Health and Human Services Acquisition Regulation-Electronic Submission and Processing of Payment Requests","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2022-02-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Department of Health and Human Services Acquisition Regulation-Electronic Submission and Processing of Payment Requests","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2022-02-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001292_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Donald Beyer executed 4 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-9,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-01-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-01-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001292_rzowaw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald Beyer campaign paid $3,248,860 to 44 surname-matched vendors, top: ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Donald Beyer's campaign paid 178 disbursements totaling $3,248,860 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","total":1272618.0199999998,"count":42,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":87716.64,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47720.39,"date":"2024-10-24","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47670.76,"date":"2025-05-06","description":"REIMBURSABLE 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COMMUNICATIONS","amount":14000,"date":"2008-09-02","description":"GOTV CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"beyer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BEYER COMMUNICATIONS","amount":7500,"date":"2008-01-04","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"beyer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ANGERHOLZER%20BROZ%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P20_B001292_pkvvk2","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Donald Beyer sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ECL","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":126777.30999999997,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ILMN","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":1315096.7,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001292_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BEYER, Donald Sternoff Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P30_B001292_6y9it5","pattern_type":"P30_VENDOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"30% of disbursements go to a single vendor: MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","explanation":"Donald Beyer's campaign routes an unusually large share of spending through one vendor. That can be efficient (a trusted strategist) or concerning (a favored firm, possibly family- or former-staff-owned).","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_concentration","vendor":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","amount":68900000,"share":30.1,"totalInTop":229082524.71000004},{"source":"vendor","vendor":"WINSENATE","amount":30000000,"share":13.1},{"source":"vendor","vendor":"MEDIA BUYING & ANALYTICS LLC","amount":27912963.7,"share":12.2},{"source":"vendor","vendor":"STRATEGIC MEDIA SERVICES, INC.","amount":25470237.259999998,"share":11.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_B001292","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Donald Beyer sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense and actively trades in Finance, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":57},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":40}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001292","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"Donald Beyer has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":29,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P30_VENDOR_CONCENTRATION","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"],"count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_B001292_AAPL_20220228","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2022-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Donald Beyer executed a sell in AAPL during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P38_B001292_Technology_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology PACs gave $12K in 2022 — 4.0× baseline — after 53-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Donald Beyer executed 53 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $11,500 — 4.0× the member's all-cycle baseline of $2,875/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":53},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Technology","amount":11500,"baseline":2875,"ratio":"4.0"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_B001292_Finance_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance PACs gave $11K in 2022 — 4.8× baseline — after 32-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Donald Beyer executed 32 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $10,500 — 4.8× the member's all-cycle baseline of $2,188/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":32},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Finance","amount":10500,"baseline":2188,"ratio":"4.8"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_B001292_Telecom_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom PACs gave $11K in 2022 — 7.3× baseline — after 10-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Donald Beyer executed 10 trades in Telecom-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Telecom industry contributed $10,500 — 7.3× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,438/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Telecom","tradeCount":10},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Telecom","amount":10500,"baseline":1438,"ratio":"7.3"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_B001292_NDAQ_20200501","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NDAQ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $NDAQ 1 day after a corporate insider (Tal Cohen  (CIK 0001781714)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NDAQ","filer":"Tal Cohen  (CIK 0001781714)","filingDate":"2020-04-30","adsh":"0001209191-20-026315","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_V_20200507","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $V 1 day after a corporate insider (Polaris Venture Management Co. V, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001439589)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Polaris Venture Management Co. V, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001439589)","filingDate":"2020-05-06","adsh":"0000899243-20-012168","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_MSCI_20201203","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSCI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $MSCI 1 day after a corporate insider (duPont Benjamin F  (CIK 0001426668)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSCI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSCI","filer":"duPont Benjamin F  (CIK 0001426668)","filingDate":"2020-12-02","adsh":"0001209191-20-061123","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_ISRG_20200501","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ISRG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $ISRG 1 day after a corporate insider (MOHR MARSHALL  (CIK 0001252986)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ISRG","filer":"MOHR MARSHALL  (CIK 0001252986)","filingDate":"2020-04-30","adsh":"0001035267-20-000087","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_AAPL_20200501","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $AAPL 1 day after a corporate insider (JUNG ANDREA  (CIK 0001051401)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"JUNG ANDREA  (CIK 0001051401)","filingDate":"2020-04-30","adsh":"0000320193-20-000054","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_COST_20210917","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $COST 1 day after a corporate insider (MALONE JOHN C  (CIK 0000937797)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"MALONE JOHN C  (CIK 0000937797)","filingDate":"2021-09-16","adsh":"0001104659-21-116385","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_CDNS_20210818","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CDNS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $CDNS 1 day after a corporate insider (Cunningham Paul  (CIK 0001847883)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CDNS","filer":"Cunningham Paul  (CIK 0001847883)","filingDate":"2021-08-17","adsh":"0001209191-21-052112","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_C_20200507","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $C 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $C 1 day after a corporate insider (ANDERSON EDWARD T  (CIK 0001218581)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"ANDERSON EDWARD T  (CIK 0001218581)","filingDate":"2020-05-06","adsh":"0000899243-20-012172","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_REGN_20200520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $REGN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $REGN 1 day after a corporate insider (WIBERG ROBERT K  (CIK 0001111593)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"REGN","filer":"WIBERG ROBERT K  (CIK 0001111593)","filingDate":"2020-05-19","adsh":"0001042776-20-000176","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_FLIR_20200507","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FLIR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $FLIR 1 day after a corporate insider (LEWIS EARL R  (CIK 0001230427)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FLIR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FLIR","filer":"LEWIS EARL R  (CIK 0001230427)","filingDate":"2020-05-06","adsh":"0000354908-20-000063","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_ACN_20200501","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $ACN 2 days after a corporate insider (McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)","filingDate":"2020-04-29","adsh":"0001467373-20-000185","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_GOOG_20200501","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $GOOG 2 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2020-04-29","adsh":"0001209191-20-026228","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_ROP_20200124","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ROP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $ROP 2 days after a corporate insider (Conley Jason  (CIK 0001699418)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"Conley Jason  (CIK 0001699418)","filingDate":"2020-01-22","adsh":"0001209191-20-004483","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_NEE_20200520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $NEE 2 days after a corporate insider (Moul Donald A  (CIK 0001798361)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"Moul Donald A  (CIK 0001798361)","filingDate":"2020-05-18","adsh":"0000753308-20-000121","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_CDNS_20210303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CDNS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $CDNS 2 days after a corporate insider (DEVGAN ANIRUDH  (CIK 0001591933)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CDNS","filer":"DEVGAN ANIRUDH  (CIK 0001591933)","filingDate":"2021-03-01","adsh":"0001209191-21-015527","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_REGN_20210917","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $REGN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $REGN 2 days after a corporate insider (Zoghbi Huda Y  (CIK 0001681643)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"REGN","filer":"Zoghbi Huda Y  (CIK 0001681643)","filingDate":"2021-09-15","adsh":"0001708138-21-000081","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_REGN_20200710","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $REGN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $REGN 2 days after a corporate insider (Zoghbi Huda Y  (CIK 0001681643)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"REGN","filer":"Zoghbi Huda Y  (CIK 0001681643)","filingDate":"2020-07-08","adsh":"0001237899-20-000028","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_GS_20210115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $GS 2 days after a corporate insider (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC  (GS, GSCE, GS-PA, GS-PC, GS-PD)  (CIK 0000886982)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GS","filer":"GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC  (GS, GSCE, GS-PA, GS-PC, GS-PD)  (CIK 0000886982)","filingDate":"2021-01-13","adsh":"0000899243-21-001879","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_CYRX_20200507","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CYRX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $CYRX 2 days after a corporate insider (HANCOCK DANIEL M  (CIK 0001764017)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CYRX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CYRX","filer":"HANCOCK DANIEL M  (CIK 0001764017)","filingDate":"2020-05-05","adsh":"0001104659-20-057096","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_TRNO_20200520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TRNO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $TRNO 2 days after a corporate insider (PASQUALE DOUGLAS M  (CIK 0001070021)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRNO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRNO","filer":"PASQUALE DOUGLAS M  (CIK 0001070021)","filingDate":"2020-05-18","adsh":"0000899243-20-013387","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_NDAQ_20220228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NDAQ 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $NDAQ 3 days after a corporate insider (Griggs PC Nelson  (CIK 0001622632)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NDAQ","filer":"Griggs PC Nelson  (CIK 0001622632)","filingDate":"2022-02-25","adsh":"0001209191-22-013151","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_DIS_20200127","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DIS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $DIS 3 days after a corporate insider (WOODFORD BRENT  (CIK 0001211698)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"WOODFORD BRENT  (CIK 0001211698)","filingDate":"2020-01-24","adsh":"0001744489-20-000033","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_GOOG_20200113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $GOOG 3 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2020-01-10","adsh":"0001209191-20-002981","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_EL_20200427","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $EL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $EL 3 days after a corporate insider (El-Hibri Fuad  (CIK 0001380185)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"El-Hibri Fuad  (CIK 0001380185)","filingDate":"2020-04-24","adsh":"0000899243-20-011283","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_ECL_20220228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ECL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $ECL 3 days after a corporate insider (McCormick Michael C.  (CIK 0001699917)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ECL","filer":"McCormick Michael C.  (CIK 0001699917)","filingDate":"2022-02-25","adsh":"0001415889-22-001884","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001292_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+23 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Donald Beyer accumulated 48 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 23 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":23,"totalRaw":48}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_NDAQ_20200428","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NDAQ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $NDAQ 1 day before a corporate insider (Griggs PC Nelson  (CIK 0001622632)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NDAQ","filer":"Griggs PC Nelson  (CIK 0001622632)","filingDate":"2020-04-29","adsh":"0001209191-20-026188"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_EL_20201118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $EL 1 day before a corporate insider (Tansey Casey M  (CIK 0001474322)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"Tansey Casey M  (CIK 0001474322)","filingDate":"2020-11-19","adsh":"0001527715-20-000024"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_EL_20200714","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $EL 1 day before a corporate insider (Pillar Invest Corp  (CIK 0001534428)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"Pillar Invest Corp  (CIK 0001534428)","filingDate":"2020-07-15","adsh":"0000899243-20-019207"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_NKE_20200218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NKE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $NKE 1 day before a corporate insider (Abston Chris L  (CIK 0001650187)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NKE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NKE","filer":"Abston Chris L  (CIK 0001650187)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-006416"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_UNH_20220228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $UNH 1 day before a corporate insider (THOMPSON BRIAN R  (CIK 0001857198)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"THOMPSON BRIAN R  (CIK 0001857198)","filingDate":"2022-03-01","adsh":"0001209191-22-014328"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_ISRG_20220228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ISRG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $ISRG 1 day before a corporate insider (GUTHART GARY S  (CIK 0001280628)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ISRG","filer":"GUTHART GARY S  (CIK 0001280628)","filingDate":"2022-03-01","adsh":"0001035267-22-000032"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_ROP_20201216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ROP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $ROP 1 day before a corporate insider (PERELMAN RONALD O  (CIK 0001186472)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"PERELMAN RONALD O  (CIK 0001186472)","filingDate":"2020-12-17","adsh":"0001140361-20-028743"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_AAPL_20200128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)","filingDate":"2020-01-29","adsh":"0000320193-20-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_DAL_20200115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DAL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $DAL 1 day before a corporate insider (DAL POZZO JAMES  (CIK 0001238875)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DAL","filer":"DAL POZZO JAMES  (CIK 0001238875)","filingDate":"2020-01-16","adsh":"0001209191-20-003676"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_COST_20200324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COST 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $COST 1 day before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001567619-20-007004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_CDNS_20220228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CDNS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $CDNS 1 day before a corporate insider (Cunningham Paul  (CIK 0001847883)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CDNS","filer":"Cunningham Paul  (CIK 0001847883)","filingDate":"2022-03-01","adsh":"0001209191-22-014197"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_CDNS_20210303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CDNS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $CDNS 1 day before a corporate insider (MANDAVA SURENDRA BABU  (CIK 0001198816)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CDNS","filer":"MANDAVA SURENDRA BABU  (CIK 0001198816)","filingDate":"2021-03-04","adsh":"0001209191-21-018020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_TRNO_20220110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TRNO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $TRNO 1 day before a corporate insider (COKE MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001213051)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRNO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRNO","filer":"COKE MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001213051)","filingDate":"2022-01-11","adsh":"0000899243-22-001595"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_MSCI_20220228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSCI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $MSCI 2 days before a corporate insider (Kinney Catherine R  (CIK 0001205054)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSCI","filer":"Kinney Catherine R  (CIK 0001205054)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001209191-22-014659"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_ACN_20220202","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ACN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $ACN 2 days before a corporate insider (MOONEY BETH E  (CIK 0001217178)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"MOONEY BETH E  (CIK 0001217178)","filingDate":"2022-02-04","adsh":"0001467373-22-000074"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_ACN_20200427","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ACN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $ACN 2 days before a corporate insider (McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)","filingDate":"2020-04-29","adsh":"0001467373-20-000185"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_GOOG_20220228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $GOOG 2 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001209191-22-015196"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_EL_20210119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $EL 2 days before a corporate insider (Hunt Holdings Limited Partnership  (CIK 0001788338)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"Hunt Holdings Limited Partnership  (CIK 0001788338)","filingDate":"2021-01-21","adsh":"0000950142-21-000211"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_MSFT_20220228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $MSFT 2 days before a corporate insider (Capossela Christopher C  (CIK 0001601944)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Capossela Christopher C  (CIK 0001601944)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001062993-22-006428"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_SQ_20211101","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SQ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $SQ 2 days before a corporate insider (Whiteley Sivan  (CIK 0001735067)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Whiteley Sivan  (CIK 0001735067)","filingDate":"2021-11-03","adsh":"0001209191-21-062739"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_ROP_20200114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ROP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $ROP 2 days before a corporate insider (Crisci Robert  (CIK 0001699417)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"Crisci Robert  (CIK 0001699417)","filingDate":"2020-01-16","adsh":"0001209191-20-003745"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_DAL_20200422","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DAL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $DAL 2 days before a corporate insider (Dal Poggetto John  (CIK 0001791040)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DAL","filer":"Dal Poggetto John  (CIK 0001791040)","filingDate":"2020-04-24","adsh":"0001683168-20-001272"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_VZ_20210301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VZ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $VZ 2 days before a corporate insider (Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-002255"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_GS_20210111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer buy $GS 2 days before a corporate insider (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC  (GS, GSCE, GS-PA, GS-PC, GS-PD)  (CIK 0000886982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GS","filer":"GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC  (GS, GSCE, GS-PA, GS-PC, GS-PD)  (CIK 0000886982)","filingDate":"2021-01-13","adsh":"0000899243-21-001879"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_PI_20220228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Donald Beyer sell $PI 2 days before a corporate insider (Esse Effe S.p.A.  (CIK 0001795992)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PI","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PI","filer":"Esse Effe S.p.A.  (CIK 0001795992)","filingDate":"2022-03-02","adsh":"0001062993-22-006311"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001292_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+82 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Donald Beyer accumulated 107 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 82 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":82,"totalRaw":107}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P61_B001292","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $170,000","explanation":"Donald Beyer received campaign contributions totaling $170,000 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REAL ESTATE ROUNDTABLE ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AD ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":170000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"THE REAL ESTATE ROUNDTABLE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (REALPAC)","ldaClient":"REAL ESTATE ROUNDTABLE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_B001292_2020-04-27","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-04-27 — 39 unique tickers","explanation":"Donald Beyer executed 69 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-04-27 to 2020-05-04), spanning 39 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-04-27","windowEnd":"2020-05-04","tradeCount":69,"uniqueTickers":39,"totalDisclosedTrades":655,"sampleTickers":["GH","C","SQ","GS","GOOG","AMZN","ILMN","UNH","DIS","TDOC"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001292","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 88 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Donald Beyer appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 88 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); committee pac conflict (11); coordinated trade cluster (5); reg rule trade proximity (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":88,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":11},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001292","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_B001292","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald Beyer's campaign paid $102,875 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: BEYER COMMUNICATIONS ($43,000)","explanation":"Donald Beyer's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 9 payments totaling $102,875 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BEYER COMMUNICATIONS ($43,000 across 4 payments, services: GOTV CONSULTING · STRATEGY CONSULTING · OPERATIONS CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":102875.40999999999,"paymentCount":9,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BEYER COMMUNICATIONS","total":43000,"count":4,"descriptions":["GOTV CONSULTING","STRATEGY CONSULTING","OPERATIONS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"STEVE BEYER PRODUCTIONS","total":23568.59,"count":2,"descriptions":["EVENT STAGING EXPENSE","AUDIO VISUAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"BEYER, LYDIA","total":19511.16,"count":2,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"BEYER AUTO","total":16795.66,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRAVEL"]}],"surname":"beyer"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4VA08224&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_B001292","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald Beyer draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.6M PAC / $29.0M total)","explanation":"Donald Beyer's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.6M of $29.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.62,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.04,"pacSharePct":33.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4VA08224"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4VA08224/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_B001292","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald Beyer executed 13 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL NEE (9d apart)","explanation":"Donald Beyer has 13 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL NEE 2021-06-08 → 2021-06-17 (9d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2020-11-24 → 2020-12-23 (29d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2020-11-17 → 2020-12-16 (29d) · BUY→SELL COST 2022-01-31 → 2022-02-28 (28d) · BUY→SELL PEP 2022-01-31 → 2022-02-28 (28d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":13,"samples":[{"ticker":"NEE","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-06-08","date2":"2021-06-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-24","date2":"2020-12-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-11-17","date2":"2020-12-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"COST","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-01-31","date2":"2022-02-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"PEP","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-01-31","date2":"2022-02-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","days":8,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-01-20","date2":"2022-01-28","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-03","date2":"2022-02-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ASML","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-06-24","date2":"2020-07-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_B001292","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Donald Beyer's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"Donald Beyer's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.02M · Finance $0.02M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":40,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.02,"Finance":0.02,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4VA08224/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_B001292","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald Beyer triggers 40 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Donald Beyer accumulates 40 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":40,"distinctDetectorTypes":23}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_B001292_2022-02-28","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald Beyer — 41 trades on 2022-02-28","explanation":"Donald Beyer disclosed 41 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2022-02-28). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2022-02-28","count":41}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_B001292","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Donald Beyer — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (654/655)","explanation":"Donald Beyer's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":655,"atBracket":654,"pct":"99.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B001292","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Donald Beyer — 72 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Donald Beyer has traded 72 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":72,"sample":["NEE","DAIUF","FANUF","TGT","MSFT","NVS","AAPL","COST","TJX","KAI"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_B001292_NEE","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald Beyer — 19 disclosed trades in single ticker NEE","explanation":"Donald Beyer traded NEE on 19 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the NEE trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"NEE","count":19}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001188":[{"id":"P2_M001188_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Grace Meng serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/grace-meng-M001188/committees","http://meng.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Meng"]},{"id":"P2_M001188_f2b98q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES P gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Grace Meng serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/grace-meng-M001188/committees","http://meng.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Meng"]},{"id":"P2_M001188_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Grace Meng serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/grace-meng-M001188/committees","http://meng.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Meng"]},{"id":"P2_M001188_26lts3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS PO gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Grace Meng serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/grace-meng-M001188/committees","http://meng.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Meng"]},{"id":"P2_M001188_9ofb1v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC gave $4,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Grace Meng serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $4,500 from AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/grace-meng-M001188/committees","http://meng.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Meng"]},{"id":"P9_M001188_fhrf4z","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,253 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,253 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10253.18,"oppose":0,"net":10253.18,"events":4,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":9157,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004239","name":"LOCAL 32BJ S E I U AFL-CIO","support":1081.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001359","name":"NEW YORK STATE PUBLIC EMPLOYEES FEDERATION - COPE","support":14.65,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001188_fs7h1i","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Grace Meng campaign paid $5,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor, top: MENG, XIANBIN","explanation":"Grace Meng's campaign paid 1 disbursement totaling $5,000 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MENG, XIANBIN","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MENG, XIANBIN","amount":5000,"date":"2025-12-03","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"meng","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MENG"]},{"id":"P32_M001188","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"94% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 14.6× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 16 disclosed trades, 15 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 14.6× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":15,"total":16,"rate":93.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":14.56}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001188_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $42,000 donor","explanation":"Grace Meng sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $42,000 in contributions across 12 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":42000,"count":12,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_M001188","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $146,000","explanation":"Grace Meng received campaign contributions totaling $146,000 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($42,000); UNITE HERE! ($10,000); VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":146000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":42000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (VERIZON PAC)","ldaClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P140_M001188","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Grace Meng disclosed 1 large-bracket trade (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL 3% $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Grace Meng has filed 1 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL 3% $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2014-03-07.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":1,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":500001,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"3%","action":"SELL","date":"2014-03-07","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001188","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Grace Meng executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY TISBX (0d apart)","explanation":"Grace Meng has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY TISBX 2015-12-11 → 2015-12-11 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"TISBX","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-12-11","date2":"2015-12-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_M001188","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Grace Meng's PAC funding concentrates 50% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Grace Meng's PAC donors concentrate 50% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Finance $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":50.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY06116/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P178_M001188_2015-12-11","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Grace Meng — 10 trades on 2015-12-11","explanation":"Grace Meng disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2015-12-11). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2015-12-11","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001159":[{"id":"P2_S001159_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $54,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $54,500 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":54500,"count":16,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001159","https://strickland.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://torreydc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/House-Committee-Assignments_119-Congress_Printable.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_S001159_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001159","https://strickland.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://torreydc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/House-Committee-Assignments_119-Congress_Printable.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_S001159_bjh1r8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORP STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PA gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORP STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC (MSVPAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORP STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC (MSVPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001159","https://strickland.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://torreydc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/House-Committee-Assignments_119-Congress_Printable.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_S001159_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001159","https://strickland.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://torreydc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/House-Committee-Assignments_119-Congress_Printable.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_S001159_39nwzk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services","Transportation and Infrastructure","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001159","https://strickland.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://torreydc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/House-Committee-Assignments_119-Congress_Printable.pdf"]},{"id":"P6_S001159_va4tp0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,570,383 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Our Future Ohio PAC","explanation":"Our Future Ohio PAC spent $2,570,383 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00490433","name":"Our Future Ohio PAC","support":2570383.1799999997,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00490433/"]},{"id":"P6_S001159_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,816,080 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Majority PAC","explanation":"Senate Majority PAC spent $1,816,080 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"Senate Majority PAC","support":1816080.01,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_S001159_vait17","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$729,668 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Planned Parenthood Votes","explanation":"Planned Parenthood Votes spent $729,668 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 28 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489799","name":"Planned Parenthood Votes","support":729667.8500000001,"oppose":0,"events":28}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489799/"]},{"id":"P6_S001159_d0l0f0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$664,340 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Working America","explanation":"Working America spent $664,340 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16219 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011156","name":"Working America","support":664339.5200000879,"oppose":0,"events":16219}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011156/"]},{"id":"P7_S001159_aqxjtc","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $24,017,362 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $24,017,362 opposing this member across 16663 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":24017361.7,"totalSupport":6643706.590001985,"events":16663,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Fighting for Ohio Fund","oppose":11506485.399999999},{"name":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","oppose":9981733.530000001},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":1215505.7400000005},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":419819.85},{"name":"AMERICAN UNITY PAC INC","oppose":323006}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001159_jyzsii","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$173,803 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $173,803 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":209633.59000000008,"oppose":35830.969999999994,"net":173802.62000000008,"events":85,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":53692.009999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":45358.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":40377.759999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":36990.270000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1411.28,"oppose":35154.52,"types":["DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001159_6xaq3w","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $286,506 / spent $243,839","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00523639","cmteName":"GOLDEN STATE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":46500,"totalDisbursements":37944.1,"cashOnHand":8555.93},{"cmteId":"C00523639","cmteName":"GOLDEN STATE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":456.3,"totalDisbursements":8262.2,"cashOnHand":750},{"cmteId":"C00523639","cmteName":"GOLDEN STATE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":750},{"cmteId":"C00523639","cmteName":"GOLDEN STATE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":750},{"cmteId":"C00523639","cmteName":"GOLDEN STATE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":750,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":286506.3,"totalSpent":243839.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001159_fcjmga","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marilyn Strickland campaign paid $398,764 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland's campaign paid 79 disbursements totaling $398,764 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","total":4203,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","amount":4203,"date":"2006-12-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P35_S001159_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) both supported ($161,995) and opposed ($419,820) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Marilyn Strickland advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":161995.13,"oppose":419819.85,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P35_S001159_uwvt1a","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"United We Can both supported ($48,335) and opposed ($87,519) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Marilyn Strickland advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00523621","name":"United We Can","support":48334.75,"oppose":87519.39000000001,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523621/"]},{"id":"P36_S001159","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_S001159_International_Brotherhood_of_T_117941","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: How Trucking Supports American Communities\"\". The witness Mr. Cole Scandaglia (International Brotherhood of Teamsters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"117941","title":"\"America Builds: How Trucking Supports American Communities\"","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cole Scandaglia","witnessOrg":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117941"},{"source":"donor","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117941","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"]},{"id":"P47_S001159_Seafarers_International_Union__117821","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Seafarers International Union of North America testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Schoeneman (Seafarers International Union of North America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","eventId":"117821","title":"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-02-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Schoeneman","witnessOrg":"Seafarers International Union of North America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001159_The_Home_Depot_117768","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2025-01-15 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"\". The witness Ms. Sarah Galica (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"117768","title":"\"America Builds: the State of the Nation's Transportation System\"","date":"2025-01-15T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Sarah Galica","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117768","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001159_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115276","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"115276","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001159_International_Brotherhood_of_T_115824","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Freight Forward: Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America\". The witness Mr. Cole Scandaglia (International Brotherhood of Teamsters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"115824","title":"Freight Forward: Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America","date":"2023-05-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cole Scandaglia","witnessOrg":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115824"},{"source":"donor","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115824","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"]},{"id":"P47_S001159_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115681","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115681","title":"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce","date":"2023-04-19T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P58_S001159","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$210K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 26% from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland received $209,633.59 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO ($53,692.01 = 26%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":209633.59000000008,"oppose":35830.969999999994,"byYear":{"2012":2569.5499999999997,"2016":202517.25000000006,"2020":40377.759999999995},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":53692.009999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":45358.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":40377.759999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":36990.270000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1411.28,"oppose":35154.52,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S001159","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $110,000","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland received campaign contributions totaling $110,000 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":110000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS & TRAINMEN PAC FUND","ldaClient":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_S001159","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 24 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 24 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (6); committee pac conflict (5); ie support concentration (4); both sides ie (2); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":24,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":6},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001159","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_S001159","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marilyn Strickland named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.0M total receipts) — top: STRICKLAND OHIO VICTORY FUND 2016","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: STRICKLAND OHIO VICTORY FUND 2016 (C00582882, $1.0M receipts, treasurer LAUREN DECOT). Active years: 1, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.01,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00582882","name":"STRICKLAND OHIO VICTORY FUND 2016","receipts":1014436.77,"treasurer":"LAUREN DECOT","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582882/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582882/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00582882/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_S001159","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marilyn Strickland draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.0M PAC / $13.9M total)","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.0M of $13.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.95,"pacSharePct":36.2,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0WA10034"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WA10034/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_S001159","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marilyn Strickland's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Labor $0.02M · Finance $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":39.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Labor":0.02,"Finance":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WA10034/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001159","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marilyn Strickland triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_S001159","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marilyn Strickland operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.3M combined receipts)","explanation":"Marilyn Strickland operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.3M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: GOLDEN STATE LEADERSHIP PAC (C00523639) · TAHOMA PAC (C00765727).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.29,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00523639","cmteName":"GOLDEN STATE LEADERSHIP PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00765727","cmteName":"TAHOMA PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523639/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765727/"]}],"D000631":[{"id":"P2_D000631_6zxyrv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES gave $54,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $54,500 from ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES","total":54500,"count":16,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_grvluj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CAPITAL GROUP COMPANIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_vqknay","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL A, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL A","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_d5nepj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FED gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_in0at4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_xh680n","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COVINGTON AND BURLING LLP PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Legal-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Legal (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from COVINGTON AND BURLING LLP PAC, a Legal PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COVINGTON AND BURLING LLP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Legal"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_f2b98q","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES P gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_ins7s7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMP gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_ivuc8x","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOC. PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $4,000 from CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOC. PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P2_D000631_8ho51b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITI gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Madeleine Dean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $3,500 from AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://dean.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Dean","https://giffords.org/candidates/madeleine-dean/"]},{"id":"P7_D000631_xy28ac","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,026,431 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,026,431 opposing this member across 73 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5026431.37,"totalSupport":323681.58,"events":73,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":4925520},{"name":"WE STAND FOR BETTER","oppose":100000},{"name":"CITIZEN SUPER PAC","oppose":911.3700000000001}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000631_5uh013","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$48,170 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $48,170 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":48170.22,"oppose":0,"net":48170.22,"events":19,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":37915.03999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":7651,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1997.55,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":606.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_D000631_zg7koj","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $185,550 / spent $171,137","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00757344","cmteName":"MAKING A DIFFERENCE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":45500,"totalDisbursements":39136.8,"cashOnHand":6363.25},{"cmteId":"C00757344","cmteName":"MAKING A DIFFERENCE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":140050,"totalDisbursements":132000.6,"cashOnHand":14412.64}],"totalRaised":185550,"totalSpent":171137.40000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000631_kv3keg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Madeleine Dean campaign paid $17,347,761 to 78 surname-matched vendors, top: MORRIS & CARRICK INC","explanation":"Madeleine Dean's campaign paid 352 disbursements totaling $17,347,761 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORRIS & CARRICK INC","total":4220000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MORRIS & CARRICK INC","amount":4000000,"date":"2006-10-02","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"morris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MORRIS & CARRICK INC","amount":220000,"date":"2006-10-18","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"morris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORRIS & CARRICK, INC.","total":3312952.0200000005,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"MORRIS & CARRICK, INC.","amount":340000,"date":"2004-01-12","description":"MEDIA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"morris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MORRIS & CARRICK, INC.","amount":172550,"date":"2004-01-09","description":"MEDIA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"morris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MORRIS & CARRICK, INC.","amount":172550,"date":"2003-12-29","description":"MEDIA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"morris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP","total":2099716.41,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP","amount":456006.78,"date":"2020-12-29","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"morris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP","amount":302688.33,"date":"2020-11-02","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"morris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"PORTER WRIGHT MORRIS & ARTHUR LLP","amount":250000,"date":"2020-10-29","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"morris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","total":1272618.0199999998,"count":42,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":87716.64,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47720.39,"date":"2024-10-24","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47670.76,"date":"2025-05-06","description":"REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","total":1066568.5,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":442124.5,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"dean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":370000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"dean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":254444,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"dean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","total":644292.1699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":57101.49,"date":"2025-07-10","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":49837.55,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":40333.9,"date":"2023-06-08","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MORRIS%20%26%20CARRICK%20INC"]},{"id":"P61_D000631","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $159,000","explanation":"Madeleine Dean received campaign contributions totaling $159,000 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 25 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":159000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMM","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_D000631","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Madeleine Dean's campaign paid $2,180,127 to 19 surname-matched vendors — top: PHILLIPS, DEAN B. ($1,066,569)","explanation":"Madeleine Dean's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $2,180,127 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: PHILLIPS, DEAN B. ($1,066,569 across 3 payments, services: CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2180126.7800000003,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":19,"topPayees":[{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","total":1066568.5,"count":3,"descriptions":["CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN"]},{"payee":"REYNOLDS, DEAN WITTER","total":232898,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","MEDIA PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"DEAN HELLER FOR NEVADA GOVERNOR","total":187015.69,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO STATE CAMPAIGN"]},{"payee":"DEAN E. SMITH CENTER ATTN: ANGIE BITTING","total":98062.82,"count":2,"descriptions":["STAGING, SOUND, LIGHTING","EVENT SITE RENTAL"]},{"payee":"DEAN TRAILWAYS","total":92167.94,"count":2,"descriptions":["RENTAL","TRANSPORTATION SERVICES"]}],"surname":"dean"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8PA04116&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_D000631","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Madeleine Dean draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.5M PAC / $15.7M total)","explanation":"Madeleine Dean's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.5M of $15.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.7,"pacSharePct":47.9,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8PA04116"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA04116/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_D000631","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Madeleine Dean's PAC funding concentrates 42% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Madeleine Dean's PAC donors concentrate 42% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.03M · Finance $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":42.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.03,"Finance":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA04116/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"C001059":[{"id":"P2_C001059_1b3jhh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_w4sqew","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_1csije","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_gxcy3b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FOODS ASSOCIATION gave $9,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $9,000 from INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FOODS ASSOCIATION, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FOODS ASSOCIATION","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_avhwfr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGY PAC gave $8,767 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Energy (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $8,767 from PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGY PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGY PAC","total":8766.84,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_rsjbyf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CALIFORNIA CITRUS MUTUAL FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from CALIFORNIA CITRUS MUTUAL FEDERAL PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CALIFORNIA CITRUS MUTUAL FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_hizsyr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CO. EMPLOYEES POLITIC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Energy (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from MARATHON PETROLEUM CO. EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MEPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CO. EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MEPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_mm041d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WESTERN GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from WESTERN GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WESTERN GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_qm4c42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Energy (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_fkj8k2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, INC. gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, INC., a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_bubi56","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_yv0gnc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Energy (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EDISON INTERNATIONAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_c5fgfl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SYNGENTA CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from SYNGENTA CORPORATION PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SYNGENTA CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_yvpxy9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHENIERE ENERGY, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Energy (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $5,000 from CHENIERE ENERGY, INC. PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHENIERE ENERGY, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P2_C001059_hiefz8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"US ENERGY PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jim Costa serves on committees regulating Energy (Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense) and received $4,000 from US ENERGY PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"US ENERGY PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture","Natural Resources","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://costa.house.gov/issues/agriculture","http://costa.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses","https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225/pdf/GPO-CDOC-108hdoc225-3-4.pdf"]},{"id":"P7_C001059_ktwf69","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $618,467 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $618,467 opposing this member across 23 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":618467.19,"totalSupport":256300.59999999998,"events":23,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CROSSROADS GRASSROOTS POLICY STRATEGIES","oppose":337825},{"name":"CENTRAL VALLEY INDEPENDENT PAC","oppose":210929},{"name":"CENTRAL VALLEY'S FUTURE","oppose":58486},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR LIMITED GOVERNMENT","oppose":9335.67},{"name":"Revere America","oppose":1891.52}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_C001059_upcig0","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$314,023 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $314,023 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":314022.62,"events":2,"byYear":{"2010":314022.62},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001747","name":"CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM","total":314022.62,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001059_an2ree","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$34,180 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $34,180 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":39180.05,"oppose":5000,"net":34180.05,"events":45,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":28277.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":5304,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":5000,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":3017.9,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":1197.08,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001059_hmm8f6","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Costa campaign paid $2,023,553 to 63 surname-matched vendors, top: JAY COSTA FOR STATE SENATE","explanation":"Jim Costa's campaign paid 163 disbursements totaling $2,023,553 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAY COSTA FOR STATE SENATE","total":295500,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"JAY COSTA FOR STATE SENATE","amount":25000,"date":"2024-09-25","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JAY COSTA FOR STATE SENATE","amount":25000,"date":"2019-01-04","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JAY COSTA FOR STATE SENATE","amount":25000,"date":"2024-04-09","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHRISTENSEN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","total":146500,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"CHRISTENSEN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":15000,"date":"2006-03-06","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"christensen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CHRISTENSEN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":12500,"date":"2009-10-22","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"christensen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CHRISTENSEN & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":12500,"date":"2006-07-03","description":"FUNDRAISING FEE","surnameMatched":"christensen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COSTA, MICHAEL J","total":142845.62,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"COSTA, MICHAEL J","amount":128000,"date":"2024-09-24","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COSTA, MICHAEL J","amount":7700,"date":"2024-08-09","description":"IN-KIND - RADIO ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COSTA, MICHAEL J","amount":7145.62,"date":"2024-08-12","description":"IN-KIND - BILLBOARD ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HILTON ORANGE COUNTY/COSTA MESA","total":133669.24,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"HILTON ORANGE COUNTY/COSTA MESA","amount":42808.51,"date":"2025-04-03","description":"NON-FEDERAL FUNDRAISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"HILTON ORANGE COUNTY/COSTA MESA","amount":33265.8,"date":"2024-06-20","description":"NON-FEDERAL FUNDRAISING EVENT COSTS","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HILTON ORANGE COUNTY/COSTA MESA","amount":23094.93,"date":"2025-09-17","description":"FOOD, BEVERAGES FOR 9/20/25 TRUMAN EVENT.","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHRISTENSEN, GENE","total":123343.75,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CHRISTENSEN, GENE","amount":90000,"date":"2004-01-20","description":"REPAYMENT OF PERSONAL LOAN FROM CANDIDAT","surnameMatched":"christensen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"CHRISTENSEN, GENE","amount":18343.75,"date":"2004-07-14","description":"REPAYMENT OF CANDIDATE PERSONAL LOAN","surnameMatched":"christensen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"CHRISTENSEN, GENE","amount":15000,"date":"2004-01-12","description":"REPAYMENT OF PERSONAL LOAN","surnameMatched":"christensen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LIFT UP CONTRA COSTA ACTION","total":100000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"LIFT UP CONTRA COSTA ACTION","amount":40000,"date":"2024-09-18","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT. DONATE TO STATE PACS","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LIFT UP CONTRA COSTA ACTION","amount":20000,"date":"2022-09-13","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT. CONTRIBUTION TO A LOCAL PACS","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LIFT UP CONTRA COSTA ACTION","amount":15000,"date":"2024-02-08","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT. DONATE TO STATE PACS","surnameMatched":"costa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JAY%20COSTA%20FOR%20STATE%20SENATE"]},{"id":"P35_C001059_ucgb0g","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CENTRAL VALLEY'S FUTURE both supported ($18,318) and opposed ($58,486) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Jim Costa advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00688267","name":"CENTRAL VALLEY'S FUTURE","support":18318,"oppose":58486,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00688267/"]},{"id":"P36_C001059","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Jim Costa has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_C001059","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$314K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM","explanation":"Jim Costa was the target of $314,022.62 in electioneering communications across 2 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM ($314,022.62 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":314022.62,"events":2,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2010":314022.62}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001747","name":"CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM","total":314022.62,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001747/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001747/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_C001059","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $198,000","explanation":"Jim Costa received campaign contributions totaling $198,000 from 30 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 10 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DOTCHIN & ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF CALIFORNIA DAIRI ($14,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); JOHN DEERE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":30,"totalDollars":198000,"exactMatches":10,"top":[{"donorName":"CALIFORNIA DAIRIES FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"DOTCHIN & ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF CALIFORNIA DAIRIES, INC.","donorTotal":14000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"JOHN DEERE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"JOHN DEERE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001059","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Costa's campaign paid $961,773 to 26 surname-matched vendors — top: JAY COSTA FOR STATE SENATE ($295,500)","explanation":"Jim Costa's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 72 payments totaling $961,773 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JAY COSTA FOR STATE SENATE ($295,500 across 22 payments, services: NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION · NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2010, 2012, 2014, 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":961773.3899999999,"paymentCount":72,"payeeCount":26,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JAY COSTA FOR STATE SENATE","total":295500,"count":22,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"HILTON ORANGE COUNTY/COSTA MESA","total":133669.24,"count":6,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL FUNDRAISING EXPENSE","NON-FEDERAL FUNDRAISING EVENT COSTS","FOOD, BEVERAGES FOR 9/20/25 TRUMAN EVENT."]},{"payee":"LIFT UP CONTRA COSTA ACTION","total":100000,"count":5,"descriptions":["NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT. DONATE TO STATE PACS","NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT. CONTRIBUTION TO A LOCAL PACS","NONCONTRIBUTION. CONTRIBUTION TO STATE PACS"]},{"payee":"COSTA, KRISTINA","total":31850,"count":2,"descriptions":["EVENT CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CITY OF COSTA MESA","total":31311.62,"count":2,"descriptions":["FACILITY RENTAL"]}],"surname":"costa"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA20082&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_C001059","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Costa ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.5M across 24 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Jim Costa's FEC-bulk record shows $19.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 24 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $38.7M (PAC: $19.5M, individual: $18.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.54,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.71,"lifetimeIndividualM":18.1,"cycleCount":24,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H4CA20082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA20082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C001059","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Costa draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.5M PAC / $38.7M total)","explanation":"Jim Costa's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.5M of $38.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.54,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.71,"pacSharePct":50.5,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4CA20082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA20082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001189":[{"id":"P2_S001189_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Austin Scott serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Armed Services","House Rules"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense"]}],"citations":["https://austinscott.house.gov/committees-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Scott","https://legisletter.org/legislator/austin-scott-S001189/committees"]},{"id":"P4_S001189_Technology","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology trades filed 228d late on avg — overall avg only 75d","explanation":"In Technology (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 228.0 days — versus 74.5 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":4,"avgGap":228},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":44,"avgGap":75},{"source":"pac","sector":"Technology","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001189_F_2025-02-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-25 and 2025-03-04, 4 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-02-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"S001189","name":"Austin Scott"}],"span":"2025-02-25 to 2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001189_F_2025-02-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-02-26 and 2025-03-04, 3 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2025-02-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001236","name":"Tim Moore"},{"bioguideId":"S001189","name":"Austin Scott"}],"span":"2025-02-26 to 2025-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001189_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Austin Scott executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEHC","date":"2025-03-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEHC","date":"2023-01-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Fishery; 2025 Atlantic Deep-Sea Red Crab Specifi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-02-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Pacific Halibut Fisheries; Permitting and Management Regulations for Area 2A Pacific Ha","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-12-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001189_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Austin Scott executed 23 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BE","date":"2024-07-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BE","date":"2021-10-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BE","date":"2021-09-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCEL","date":"2021-09-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Upper Mississippi River, Prairie du Chien, WI","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-06-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Control of Air Pollution From Airplanes and Airplane Engines: GHG Emission Standards and Test Procedures","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2021-09-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001189_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Austin Scott executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-09-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-01-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment Systems for Acute Care Hospitals and the Long-Term Care Hospita","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-08-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; CY 2021 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Payment Policies","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-12-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001189_hwz2gk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Austin Scott campaign paid $109,931,025 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","explanation":"Austin Scott's campaign paid 178 disbursements totaling $109,931,025 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3696650,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3632833.15,"date":"2010-09-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3000000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":2442240,"date":"2022-11-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1931572,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1446494.5,"date":"2022-10-31","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","total":5109955.45,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":1132036.5,"date":"2022-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":934113,"date":"2022-10-07","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":811321.25,"date":"2022-10-03","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","amount":1877202,"date":"2006-10-18","description":"MEDIA BUY EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","amount":1000000,"date":"2025-04-15","description":"SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","total":965575,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","amount":965575,"date":"2006-10-11","description":"MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCOTT%20HOWELL%20%26%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P21_S001189_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 228d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (3 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":4,"avgGap":228,"buys":3,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":44,"avgGap":75}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_S001189_1a4h0","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"15 trades in FCEL (Energy) — 15% of this member's 101 total trades","explanation":"Austin Scott has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"FCEL","count":15,"buys":7,"sells":8,"sector":"Energy","firstDate":"2019-01-25","lastDate":"2021-09-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S001189","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 4.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 101 disclosed trades, 32 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 4.9× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":32,"total":101,"rate":31.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":4.92}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001189","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Austin Scott has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S001189_JNJ_20210910","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JNJ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $JNJ 1 day after a corporate insider (WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)","filingDate":"2021-09-09","adsh":"0001225208-21-012179","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001189_GEV_20250514","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GEV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $GEV 1 day after a corporate insider (Strazik Scott  (CIK 0001763642)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GEV","filer":"Strazik Scott  (CIK 0001763642)","filingDate":"2025-05-13","adsh":"0001996810-25-000094","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001189_BE_20210317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $BE 2 days after a corporate insider (GOFF JOHN C  (CIK 0001040463)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BE","filer":"GOFF JOHN C  (CIK 0001040463)","filingDate":"2021-03-15","adsh":"0000899243-21-011582","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001189_CLNE_20210614","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CLNE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $CLNE 3 days after a corporate insider (TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES S.A.S.  (CIK 0001743086)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLNE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLNE","filer":"TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES S.A.S.  (CIK 0001743086)","filingDate":"2021-06-11","adsh":"0000899243-21-023186","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001189_F_20210908","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $F 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $F 5 days after a corporate insider (PESSIN NORMAN H  (CIK 0000923666)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"PESSIN NORMAN H  (CIK 0000923666)","filingDate":"2021-09-03","adsh":"0001140361-21-030354","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_GEHC_20230104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GEHC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott buy $GEHC 1 day before a corporate insider (Larson Betty D  (CIK 0001617903)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEHC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GEHC","filer":"Larson Betty D  (CIK 0001617903)","filingDate":"2023-01-05","adsh":"0000899243-23-001120"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_GEV_20250514","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GEV 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $GEV 2 days before a corporate insider (DONALD ARNOLD W  (CIK 0001083206)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GEV","filer":"DONALD ARNOLD W  (CIK 0001083206)","filingDate":"2025-05-16","adsh":"0001996810-25-000113"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_PLUG_20240731","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PLUG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $PLUG 2 days before a corporate insider (Hull Martin Daniel  (CIK 0001637696)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLUG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLUG","filer":"Hull Martin Daniel  (CIK 0001637696)","filingDate":"2024-08-02","adsh":"0001104659-24-085419"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_CLNE_20210608","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CLNE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott buy $CLNE 3 days before a corporate insider (TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES S.A.S.  (CIK 0001743086)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLNE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLNE","filer":"TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES S.A.S.  (CIK 0001743086)","filingDate":"2021-06-11","adsh":"0000899243-21-023186"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_FCEL_20201124","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FCEL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $FCEL 3 days before a corporate insider (Few Jason  (CIK 0001408158)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCEL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCEL","filer":"Few Jason  (CIK 0001408158)","filingDate":"2020-11-27","adsh":"0001104659-20-129790"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_FCEL_20210114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FCEL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $FCEL 6 days before a corporate insider (Groobey John Christopher  (CIK 0001795611)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FCEL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FCEL","filer":"Groobey John Christopher  (CIK 0001795611)","filingDate":"2021-01-20","adsh":"0001567619-21-001246"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_GE_20250523","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GE 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott sell $GE 7 days before a corporate insider (CULP H LAWRENCE JR  (CIK 0001205247)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GE","filer":"CULP H LAWRENCE JR  (CIK 0001205247)","filingDate":"2025-05-30","adsh":"0001628280-25-028669"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_BE_20210914","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BE 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott buy $BE 7 days before a corporate insider (Diehl Jeffrey T  (CIK 0001597881)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BE","filer":"Diehl Jeffrey T  (CIK 0001597881)","filingDate":"2021-09-21","adsh":"0001562180-21-006035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001189_BE_20210305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BE 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Austin Scott buy $BE 10 days before a corporate insider (GOFF JOHN C  (CIK 0001040463)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BE","filer":"GOFF JOHN C  (CIK 0001040463)","filingDate":"2021-03-15","adsh":"0000899243-21-011582"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P46_S001189_112_HR_2811","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GE 21 days before sponsoring HR 2811 (Industrials)","explanation":"Austin Scott sponsored HR 2811 on 2025-01-03 — a Industrials-sector bill — and sell $GE 21 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. 2 matching trades occurred in this window.","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_2811","type":"HR","number":"2811","title":"To rescind all unobligated funds made available for capital assistance for high-speed rail corridors under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.","introducedDate":"2025-01-03","sector":"Industrials","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2811"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-13"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2811","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001189_T","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $T — AT&T's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Austin Scott executed 2 reported trades in $T (AT&T). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T/WARNERMEDIA FEDERAL PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","parent":"AT&T","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T/WARNERMEDIA FEDERAL PAC)","parent":"AT&T","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%2FWARNERMEDIA%20LLC%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(AT%26T%2FWARNERMEDIA%20FEDERAL%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AT%26T%20INC.%2FWARNERMEDIA%20LLC%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(AT%26T%2FWARNERMEDIA%20FEDERAL%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_S001189","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"41 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $280,000","explanation":"Austin Scott received campaign contributions totaling $280,000 from 41 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 41 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); DELTA AIR LINES ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHEAT GROWERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":41,"totalDollars":280000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DELTA AIR LINES PAC","ldaClient":"DELTA AIR LINES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHEAT GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (WHEATPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHEAT GROWERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_S001189","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Austin Scott appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (9); insider followed trade (5); reg rule trade proximity (3); coordinated trade cluster (2); committee pac conflict (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001189","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001189","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Austin Scott's campaign paid $101,711,298 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514)","explanation":"Austin Scott's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 82 payments totaling $101,711,298 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514 across 53 payments, services: MEDIA · ADVERTISING PRODUCTION · PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":101711298.41999999,"paymentCount":82,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"descriptions":["MEDIA","ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA BUY","MEDIA PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","total":965575,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA PLACEMENT"]}],"surname":"scott"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2GA13012&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_S001189","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Austin Scott ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $23.4M across 26 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Austin Scott's FEC-bulk record shows $23.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $30.9M (PAC: $23.4M, individual: $5.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":23.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.92,"lifetimeIndividualM":5.46,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2GA13012"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA13012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001189","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Austin Scott draws 76% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($23.4M PAC / $30.9M total)","explanation":"Austin Scott's FEC-bulk record shows 76% of lifetime campaign receipts ($23.4M of $30.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":23.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.92,"pacSharePct":75.6,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2GA13012"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA13012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_S001189","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Austin Scott executed 16 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL BLDP (2d apart)","explanation":"Austin Scott has 16 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL BLDP 2020-12-07 → 2020-12-09 (2d) · BUY→SELL PLUG 2021-03-19 → 2021-04-09 (21d) · BUY→SELL CLNE 2021-06-08 → 2021-06-14 (6d) · SELL→BUY CLNE 2021-06-14 → 2021-06-21 (7d) · SELL→BUY BE 2020-10-09 → 2020-10-30 (21d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":16,"samples":[{"ticker":"BLDP","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-12-07","date2":"2020-12-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PLUG","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-19","date2":"2021-04-09","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CLNE","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-06-08","date2":"2021-06-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CLNE","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-06-14","date2":"2021-06-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BE","days":21,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-10-09","date2":"2020-10-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BE","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-10-30","date2":"2020-11-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BE","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-05","date2":"2021-03-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"KPLTW","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-08-13","date2":"2021-09-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001189","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Austin Scott triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Austin Scott accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_S001189","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Austin Scott — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (100/101)","explanation":"Austin Scott's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":101,"atBracket":100,"pct":"99.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_S001189_FCEL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Austin Scott — 15 disclosed trades in single ticker FCEL","explanation":"Austin Scott traded FCEL on 15 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the FCEL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"FCEL","count":15}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001157":[{"id":"P2_S001157_evpuk7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERICAL WORKERS INTERNA gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from UNITED FOOD & COMMERICAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERICAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_7xabka","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFA gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. (PNC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FEDERAL BIPARTISAN VOLUNTARY PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. (PNC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_izvlzr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMITTEE ORGANIZED FOR THE TRADING OF C gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from COMMITTEE ORGANIZED FOR THE TRADING OF COTTON PAC OF THE AMERICAN COTTON SHIPPERS ASSOCIAT, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMITTEE ORGANIZED FOR THE TRADING OF COTTON PAC OF THE AMERICAN COTTON SHIPPERS ASSOCIAT","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_7adgsw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STATES PEANUT POLITICAL ACTION CO gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from UNITED STATES PEANUT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (US PEANUT PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STATES PEANUT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (US PEANUT PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_5huhv0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"U.S. BANCORP FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION CO gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from U.S. BANCORP FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"U.S. BANCORP FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_b979tl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_3xv6fz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_in0at4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_b2hbjc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_o4me60","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CME GROUP INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from CME GROUP INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CME GROUP INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_wmqlf2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_q9vxc1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"OPTIVER AMERICAS LLC PAC (OPTIVER PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from OPTIVER AMERICAS LLC PAC (OPTIVER PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"OPTIVER AMERICAS LLC PAC (OPTIVER PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_2z416w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NORTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION IN gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from NORTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION INC POL ACT CMTE INC (AKA) NC FARM BUREAU FARMPAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NORTH CAROLINA FARM BUREAU FEDERATION INC POL ACT CMTE INC (AKA) NC FARM BUREAU FARMPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_q2ea70","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P2_S001157_jogisf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP POLITICAL ACTION COM gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"David Scott serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from FIFTH THIRD BANCORP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real 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PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)","https://votedavidscott.com/about/","https://davidscott.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=56797"]},{"id":"P9_S001157_a8s6zw","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,130 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $93,130 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":93195.23999999999,"oppose":65.6,"net":93129.63999999998,"events":12,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":90291.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":2903.82,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":65.6,"types":["TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001157_2qzzmb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,550 donation spike on 2015-09-03 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-03 this committee recorded $53,550 across 58 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,762.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482737","date":"2015-09-03","amount":53550,"count":58,"baseline":5762,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482737/"]},{"id":"P19_S001157_hwz2gk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Scott campaign paid $109,931,025 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","explanation":"David Scott's campaign paid 178 disbursements totaling $109,931,025 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3696650,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3632833.15,"date":"2010-09-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3000000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":2442240,"date":"2022-11-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1931572,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1446494.5,"date":"2022-10-31","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. 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The witness The Honorable John Jovanovic (Export-Import Bank of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"119072","title":"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank","date":"2026-03-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable John Jovanovic","witnessOrg":"Export-Import Bank of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES PEANUT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (US PEANUT PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20PEANUT%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(US%20PEANUT%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20PEANUT%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(US%20PEANUT%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_Aspen_Institute_Financial_Secu_118624","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aspen Institute Financial Security Program testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Fraud in Focus: Exposing Financial Threats to American Families\". The witness Ms. Kate Griffin (Aspen Institute Financial Security Program) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118624","title":"Fraud in Focus: Exposing Financial Threats to American Families","date":"2025-09-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate Griffin","witnessOrg":"Aspen Institute Financial Security Program","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118624"},{"source":"donor","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118624","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_AgWest_Farm_Credit_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AgWest Farm Credit testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mrs. Mandy Minick (AgWest Farm Credit) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Mandy Minick","witnessOrg":"AgWest Farm Credit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERICAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20%26%20COMMERICAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20%26%20COMMERICAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_Global_Business_Alliance_118489","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Global Business Alliance testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Policy on Investment Security\". The witness Mr. Jonathan Samford (Global Business Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"118489","title":"U.S. Policy on Investment Security","date":"2025-07-16T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jonathan Samford","witnessOrg":"Global Business Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118489"},{"source":"donor","name":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SMALL%20BUSINESS%20INVESTOR%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118489","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SMALL%20BUSINESS%20INVESTOR%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_National_Cotton_Council_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Cotton Council testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Shawn Holladay (National Cotton Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Shawn Holladay","witnessOrg":"National Cotton Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TN","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL%20OF%20AMERICA%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20THE%20ADVANCEMENT%20OF%20COTTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL%20OF%20AMERICA%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20THE%20ADVANCEMENT%20OF%20COTTON"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_American_Sugar_Cane_League_Nat_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Sugar Cane League National Legislative Committee testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Patrick Frischhertz (American Sugar Cane League National Legislative Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Patrick Frischhertz","witnessOrg":"American Sugar Cane League National Legislative Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF USA INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"LA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20SUGAR%20CANE%20LEAGUE%20OF%20USA%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20SUGAR%20CANE%20LEAGUE%20OF%20USA%20INC%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_National_Association_of_Wheat__115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Association of Wheat Growers testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Brent Cheyne (National Association of Wheat Growers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brent Cheyne","witnessOrg":"National Association of Wheat Growers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHEAT GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (WHEATPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20WHEAT%20GROWERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(WHEATPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20WHEAT%20GROWERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(WHEATPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_The_Fertilizer_Institute_115364","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Fertilizer Institute testified before House Agriculture — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Agriculture, which on 2023-02-28 held a hearing titled \"“Uncertainty, Inflation, Regulations: Challenges for American Agriculture”\". The witness Mr. Corey Rosenbusch (The Fertilizer Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"115364","title":"“Uncertainty, Inflation, Regulations: Challenges for American Agriculture”","date":"2023-02-28T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Corey Rosenbusch","witnessOrg":"The Fertilizer Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115364"},{"source":"donor","name":"FERT PAC (THE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE FERTILIZER INSTITUTE)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FERT%20PAC%20(THE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20FERTILIZER%20INSTITUTE)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115364","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FERT%20PAC%20(THE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20THE%20FERTILIZER%20INSTITUTE)"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_National_Rural_Electric_Cooper_116129","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association testified before House Agriculture — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Agriculture, which on 2023-06-21 held a hearing titled \"“Closing the Digital Divide in Rural America”\". The witness The Honorable Jim Matheson (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"116129","title":"“Closing the Digital Divide in Rural America”","date":"2023-06-21T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Jim Matheson","witnessOrg":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116129"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BROADBAND PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TELECOMMUNICATIONS%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20RURAL%20BROADBAND%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116129","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TELECOMMUNICATIONS%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20RURAL%20BROADBAND%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001157_NTCA_The_Rural_Broadband_Assoc_116129","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NTCA -- The Rural Broadband Association testified before House Agriculture — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"David Scott sits on House Agriculture, which on 2023-06-21 held a hearing titled \"“Closing the Digital Divide in Rural America”\". The witness Mrs. Shirley Bloomfield (NTCA -- The Rural Broadband Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"116129","title":"“Closing the Digital Divide in Rural America”","date":"2023-06-21T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Shirley Bloomfield","witnessOrg":"NTCA -- The Rural Broadband Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116129"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BROADBAND PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TELECOMMUNICATIONS%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20RURAL%20BROADBAND%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116129","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TELECOMMUNICATIONS%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20RURAL%20BROADBAND%20PAC"]},{"id":"P58_S001157","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$93K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 97% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"David Scott received $93,195.24 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($90,291.42 = 97%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":93195.23999999999,"oppose":65.6,"byYear":{"2010":2903.82,"2018":65.6,"2020":15701.9,"2022":33768.57,"2024":40820.95},"corpCount":3},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":90291.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":2903.82,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":65.6,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S001157","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"41 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $280,000","explanation":"David Scott received campaign contributions totaling $280,000 from 41 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 41 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); DELTA AIR LINES ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHEAT GROWERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":41,"totalDollars":280000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DELTA AIR LINES PAC","ldaClient":"DELTA AIR LINES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHEAT GROWERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (WHEATPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHEAT GROWERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S001157","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Scott's campaign paid $101,711,298 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514)","explanation":"David Scott's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 82 payments totaling $101,711,298 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514 across 53 payments, services: MEDIA · ADVERTISING PRODUCTION · PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":101711298.41999999,"paymentCount":82,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"descriptions":["MEDIA","ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA BUY","MEDIA PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","total":965575,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA PLACEMENT"]}],"surname":"scott"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2GA13012&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_S001157","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Scott ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $23.4M across 26 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"David Scott's FEC-bulk record shows $23.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $30.9M (PAC: $23.4M, individual: $5.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":23.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.92,"lifetimeIndividualM":5.46,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2GA13012"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA13012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001157","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Scott draws 76% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($23.4M PAC / $30.9M total)","explanation":"David Scott's FEC-bulk record shows 76% of lifetime campaign receipts ($23.4M of $30.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":23.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.92,"pacSharePct":75.6,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2GA13012"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA13012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001086":[{"id":"P2_H001086_i7ou51","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001086","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Harshbarger","http://harshbarger.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_H001086_dppowf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from KOCH INDUSTRIES INC. PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001086","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Harshbarger","http://harshbarger.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_H001086_ltgdde","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001086","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Harshbarger","http://harshbarger.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_H001086_aw01tn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BMX TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from BMX TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BMX TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001086","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Harshbarger","http://harshbarger.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P3_H001086_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 67% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 2 times (67%). In the same period they made 16 BUYS vs 14 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":2,"yesRate":67},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":16,"sells":14,"netBuy":2,"total":30}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_NEE_2023-01-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-25 and 2023-01-31, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-01-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"}],"span":"2023-01-25 to 2023-01-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_CME_2022-03-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CME within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-03-03 and 2022-03-07, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on CME. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2022-03-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CME","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001135","name":"Kathy E. Manning"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"}],"span":"2022-03-03 to 2022-03-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_BKNG_2022-06-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-06-13 and 2022-06-17, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2022-06-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2022-06-13 to 2022-06-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_BKNG_2022-06-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-06-14 and 2022-06-17, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2022-06-14","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2022-06-14 to 2022-06-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_MU_2022-05-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold MU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-05-05 and 2022-05-12, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on MU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2022-05-05","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MU","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"}],"span":"2022-05-05 to 2022-05-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_NOW_2022-11-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NOW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-11-02 and 2022-11-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on NOW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2022-11-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NOW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"K000375","name":"William R. Keating"}],"span":"2022-11-02 to 2022-11-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_NOW_2022-11-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NOW within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-11-03 and 2022-11-09, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on NOW. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","date":"2022-11-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NOW","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"K000375","name":"William R. Keating"}],"span":"2022-11-03 to 2022-11-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_CNC_2022-09-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CNC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-09-21 and 2022-09-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CNC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2022-09-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CNC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"}],"span":"2022-09-21 to 2022-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001086_TXN_2021-10-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TXN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-10-29 and 2021-11-02, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TXN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2021-10-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TXN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2021-10-29 to 2021-11-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001086_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Diana Harshbarger executed 9 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2023-02-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2023-01-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2022-06-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Updates to Face-to-Face Encounter and Written Order Prior to Delivery List","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2023-01-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Foreign Supplier Verification Programs for Importers of Food for Humans and Animals: Guidance for Industry; Availability","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001086_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"105 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Diana Harshbarger executed 105 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2023-02-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services Memphis, Tennessee","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2023-01-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; 2023 Management Area 1B Possession Limit Adjustme","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-01-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001086_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Diana Harshbarger executed 30 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKR","date":"2023-02-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-01-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XEL","date":"2022-10-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XEL","date":"2022-10-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Department of State 2023 Civil Monetary Penalties Inflationary Adjustment","agency":"State Department","date":"2023-01-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; BAE Systems (Operations) Limited Airplanes; Correction","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2022-12-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001086_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Diana Harshbarger executed 22 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2023-01-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2022-11-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expanding TRICARE Access to Care in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2023-01-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expanding TRICARE Access to Care in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2023-01-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001086_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"58 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Diana Harshbarger executed 58 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AON","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 1, 2, 4, and Subsequent Iterations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-01-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 1, 2, 4, and Subsequent Iterations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001086_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Diana Harshbarger executed 3 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KNX","date":"2022-10-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KNX","date":"2022-07-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2021-11-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Bylaws","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2022-11-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment to the Definition of Unmanned Aircraft Accident","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2022-07-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001086_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Agriculture trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Diana Harshbarger executed 2 Agriculture-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2022-04-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2022-03-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001086_48q2fk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Diana Harshbarger campaign paid $16,193 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: HARSHBARGER, JACOB D","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger's campaign paid 33 disbursements totaling $16,193 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARSHBARGER, JACOB D","total":5675,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, JACOB D","amount":1087.5,"date":"2018-07-11","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, JACOB D","amount":1087.5,"date":"2018-06-05","description":"GOTV CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, JACOB D","amount":1050,"date":"2018-07-03","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARSHBARGER, BILL","total":2445,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, BILL","amount":2445,"date":"2012-10-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARSHBARGER, ROBERT","total":2084.13,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, ROBERT","amount":1653.19,"date":"2020-06-09","description":"REIMBURSEMENT - SEE MEMO","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, ROBERT","amount":430.94,"date":"2020-07-21","description":"REIMBURSEMENT - SEE MEMO ITEMS","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARSHBARGER, JASON","total":750,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, JASON","amount":500,"date":"2018-09-28","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, JASON","amount":250,"date":"2018-03-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARSHBARGER, BOB","total":690.21,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, BOB","amount":422.72,"date":"2023-11-16","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, BOB","amount":267.49,"date":"2024-10-22","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARSHBARGER, STEVE","total":527,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HARSHBARGER, STEVE","amount":527,"date":"2014-02-18","description":"INKIND: PRINTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"harshbarger","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HARSHBARGER"]},{"id":"P20_H001086_ohxwtj","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 7 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 7 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACM","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3158294.9499999997,"agencies":["Department of Transportation","Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2558117.42,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":155609221.67,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Transportation","Department of Energy"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2023-02-10","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CDW","date":"2023-01-25","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":27304422.45,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_H001086","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"10% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 1.5× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 482 disclosed trades, 48 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 1.5× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":48,"total":482,"rate":10},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":1.55}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_H001086","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sits on committees regulating Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Technology, Telecom, Energy, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":105},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":14},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":30},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001086","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy)","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":25,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_H001086_GOOG_20220810","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (CHAVEZ R. MARTIN  (CIK 0001157983)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"CHAVEZ R. MARTIN  (CIK 0001157983)","filingDate":"2022-08-09","adsh":"0001209191-22-044943","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_SHW_20220315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SHW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $SHW 1 day after a corporate insider (Young Bryan J  (CIK 0001849050)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHW","filer":"Young Bryan J  (CIK 0001849050)","filingDate":"2022-03-14","adsh":"0001209191-22-018426","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_KLAC_20220811","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KLAC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $KLAC 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirloskar Virendra A  (CIK 0001430600)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KLAC","filer":"Kirloskar Virendra A  (CIK 0001430600)","filingDate":"2022-08-10","adsh":"0001209191-22-045178","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_CVS_20220406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CVS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $CVS 1 day after a corporate insider (Lynch Karen S  (CIK 0001333760)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVS","filer":"Lynch Karen S  (CIK 0001333760)","filingDate":"2022-04-05","adsh":"0001127602-22-011633","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_KDP_20230120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KDP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $KDP 1 day after a corporate insider (Priyadarshi Sudhanshu Shekhar  (CIK 0001808355)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KDP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KDP","filer":"Priyadarshi Sudhanshu Shekhar  (CIK 0001808355)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0001209191-23-004084","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_RRX_20220120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $RRX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $RRX 1 day after a corporate insider (Kunze John C  (CIK 0001801616)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RRX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RRX","filer":"Kunze John C  (CIK 0001801616)","filingDate":"2022-01-19","adsh":"0000082811-22-000016","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_NOC_20220520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NOC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $NOC 1 day after a corporate insider (Robinson Graham  (CIK 0001810641)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOC","filer":"Robinson Graham  (CIK 0001810641)","filingDate":"2022-05-19","adsh":"0001628280-22-014953","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_OSK_20220302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $OSK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $OSK 1 day after a corporate insider (Bryant John J  (CIK 0001679723)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OSK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OSK","filer":"Bryant John J  (CIK 0001679723)","filingDate":"2022-03-01","adsh":"0001062993-22-006009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_BAH_20220520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BAH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $BAH 1 day after a corporate insider (HOWELL LLOYD JR  (CIK 0001505488)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAH","filer":"HOWELL LLOYD JR  (CIK 0001505488)","filingDate":"2022-05-19","adsh":"0001443646-22-000046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_ACC_20220810","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $ACC 1 day after a corporate insider (Wilhelm James E III  (CIK 0001454922)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACC","filer":"Wilhelm James E III  (CIK 0001454922)","filingDate":"2022-08-09","adsh":"0001283630-22-000177","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_GOOG_20221028","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $GOOG 2 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-10-26","adsh":"0001209191-22-054677","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_EA_20211104","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $EA 2 days after a corporate insider (Hoskins Roche L Talbott  (CIK 0001573881)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EA","filer":"Hoskins Roche L Talbott  (CIK 0001573881)","filingDate":"2021-11-02","adsh":"0001127602-21-028097","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_NOC_20220226","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $NOC 2 days after a corporate insider (Hardesty Michael A  (CIK 0001569355)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOC","filer":"Hardesty Michael A  (CIK 0001569355)","filingDate":"2022-02-24","adsh":"0001628280-22-003842","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_G_20220406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $G 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $G 2 days after a corporate insider (Lee Edward Shihai  (CIK 0001696946)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"G","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"G","filer":"Lee Edward Shihai  (CIK 0001696946)","filingDate":"2022-04-04","adsh":"0001683168-22-002328","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_GT_20230208","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $GT 2 days after a corporate insider (Duda Laura P  (CIK 0001763990)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GT","filer":"Duda Laura P  (CIK 0001763990)","filingDate":"2023-02-06","adsh":"0001209191-23-007321","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_AMT_20220606","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $AMT 3 days after a corporate insider (HORMATS ROBERT D  (CIK 0001029613)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"HORMATS ROBERT D  (CIK 0001029613)","filingDate":"2022-06-03","adsh":"0001053507-22-000084","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_V_20220610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $V 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $V 3 days after a corporate insider (Versant Vantage I, L.P.  (CIK 0001765253)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Versant Vantage I, L.P.  (CIK 0001765253)","filingDate":"2022-06-07","adsh":"0000899243-22-021350","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_GOOG_20220801","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GOOG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $GOOG 3 days after a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2022-07-29","adsh":"0001209191-22-043551","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_AMZN_20220520","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)","filingDate":"2022-05-17","adsh":"0001127602-22-014759","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_ABBV_20211220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABBV 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $ABBV 3 days after a corporate insider (Stewart Jeffrey Ryan  (CIK 0001761675)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"Stewart Jeffrey Ryan  (CIK 0001761675)","filingDate":"2021-12-17","adsh":"0001179110-21-011109","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_AVGO_20211220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AVGO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $AVGO 3 days after a corporate insider (Krause Thomas H.  (CIK 0001670643)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Krause Thomas H.  (CIK 0001670643)","filingDate":"2021-12-17","adsh":"0001730168-21-000159","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_VRSN_20220812","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $VRSN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $VRSN 3 days after a corporate insider (Indelicarto Thomas C  (CIK 0001624651)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRSN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRSN","filer":"Indelicarto Thomas C  (CIK 0001624651)","filingDate":"2022-08-09","adsh":"0001624651-22-000030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_WFC_20220404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WFC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $WFC 3 days after a corporate insider (Clark Celeste A.  (CIK 0001261319)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Clark Celeste A.  (CIK 0001261319)","filingDate":"2022-04-01","adsh":"0001127602-22-010963","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_CMCSA_20220321","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CMCSA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $CMCSA 3 days after a corporate insider (Cavanagh Michael J  (CIK 0001304481)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Cavanagh Michael J  (CIK 0001304481)","filingDate":"2022-03-18","adsh":"0001225208-22-004888","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_QCOM_20230210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $QCOM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $QCOM 3 days after a corporate insider (ROGERS ALEXANDER H  (CIK 0001687791)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"ROGERS ALEXANDER H  (CIK 0001687791)","filingDate":"2023-02-07","adsh":"0001888316-23-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001086_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+16 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger accumulated 41 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 16 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":16,"totalRaw":41}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_KO_20220502","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $KO 1 day before a corporate insider (KO BRYAN SEUK  (CIK 0001800741)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"KO BRYAN SEUK  (CIK 0001800741)","filingDate":"2022-05-03","adsh":"0001209191-22-026930"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_KLAC_20220811","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KLAC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $KLAC 1 day before a corporate insider (BARNHOLT EDWARD W  (CIK 0001142615)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KLAC","filer":"BARNHOLT EDWARD W  (CIK 0001142615)","filingDate":"2022-08-12","adsh":"0001209191-22-045578"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_WFC_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $WFC 1 day before a corporate insider (Clark Celeste A.  (CIK 0001261319)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Clark Celeste A.  (CIK 0001261319)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001127602-21-000681"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_LHX_20220315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LHX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $LHX 1 day before a corporate insider (KUBASIK CHRISTOPHER E  (CIK 0001194001)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"KUBASIK CHRISTOPHER E  (CIK 0001194001)","filingDate":"2022-03-16","adsh":"0001209191-22-019243"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_CMCSA_20230126","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $CMCSA 1 day before a corporate insider (Reid Thomas J.  (CIK 0001771223)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Reid Thomas J.  (CIK 0001771223)","filingDate":"2023-01-27","adsh":"0001225208-23-001000"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_C_20220309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $C 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $C 1 day before a corporate insider (Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"Sergey Brin  (CIK 0001295032)","filingDate":"2022-03-10","adsh":"0001209191-22-018046"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_EA_20211111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $EA 1 day before a corporate insider (Gottesfeld Stephen P  (CIK 0001536310)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EA","filer":"Gottesfeld Stephen P  (CIK 0001536310)","filingDate":"2021-11-12","adsh":"0001164727-21-000243"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_LYB_20221107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LYB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $LYB 1 day before a corporate insider (McMurray Michael C.  (CIK 0001556386)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LYB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LYB","filer":"McMurray Michael C.  (CIK 0001556386)","filingDate":"2022-11-08","adsh":"0001562180-22-007567"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_G_20220406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $G 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $G 1 day before a corporate insider (WARBURG PINCUS & CO.  (CIK 0000929408)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"G","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"G","filer":"WARBURG PINCUS & CO.  (CIK 0000929408)","filingDate":"2022-04-07","adsh":"0001213900-22-018700"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_H_20230216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $H 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $H 1 day before a corporate insider (H&W INVESTCO LP  (CIK 0001745895)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"H","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"H","filer":"H&W INVESTCO LP  (CIK 0001745895)","filingDate":"2023-02-17","adsh":"0000929638-23-000667"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_ACM_20220317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ACM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $ACM 1 day before a corporate insider (ACM Value Opportunities Fund I GP, LLC  (CIK 0001647269)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACM","filer":"ACM Value Opportunities Fund I GP, LLC  (CIK 0001647269)","filingDate":"2022-03-18","adsh":"0001437749-22-006660"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_NUAN_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NUAN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $NUAN 1 day before a corporate insider (LARET MARK R  (CIK 0001389175)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NUAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NUAN","filer":"LARET MARK R  (CIK 0001389175)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001002517-21-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_BKNG_20220614","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BKNG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $BKNG 2 days before a corporate insider (GOULDEN DAVID I  (CIK 0001189179)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"GOULDEN DAVID I  (CIK 0001189179)","filingDate":"2022-06-16","adsh":"0001415889-22-006633"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_GOOG_20220801","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $GOOG 2 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-08-03","adsh":"0001209191-22-044072"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_AMZN_20220307","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $AMZN 2 days before a corporate insider (NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)","filingDate":"2022-03-09","adsh":"0001127602-22-008807"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_SPGI_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SPGI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $SPGI 2 days before a corporate insider (Morris Maria R  (CIK 0001423154)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPGI","filer":"Morris Maria R  (CIK 0001423154)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0000064040-21-000041"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_ADBE_20220726","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ADBE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $ADBE 2 days before a corporate insider (Belsky Scott  (CIK 0001674730)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Belsky Scott  (CIK 0001674730)","filingDate":"2022-07-28","adsh":"0000796343-22-000174"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_WDC_20220828","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WDC 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $WDC 2 days before a corporate insider (Goeckeler David  (CIK 0001713941)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WDC","filer":"Goeckeler David  (CIK 0001713941)","filingDate":"2022-08-30","adsh":"0001266824-22-000055"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_MRK_20230214","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MRK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $MRK 2 days before a corporate insider (Romanelli Joseph  (CIK 0001938322)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Romanelli Joseph  (CIK 0001938322)","filingDate":"2023-02-16","adsh":"0001127602-23-005484"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_C_20220118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $C 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $C 2 days before a corporate insider (Page Lawrence  (CIK 0001295231)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"Page Lawrence  (CIK 0001295231)","filingDate":"2022-01-20","adsh":"0001209191-22-004201"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_BKR_20220425","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BKR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $BKR 2 days before a corporate insider (Christie Roderick  (CIK 0001709238)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKR","filer":"Christie Roderick  (CIK 0001709238)","filingDate":"2022-04-27","adsh":"0001701605-22-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_SUI_20220103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SUI 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $SUI 2 days before a corporate insider (Dearing Karen  (CIK 0001354979)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SUI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SUI","filer":"Dearing Karen  (CIK 0001354979)","filingDate":"2022-01-05","adsh":"0000912593-22-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_EW_20211026","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EW 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $EW 3 days before a corporate insider (EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)","filingDate":"2021-10-29","adsh":"0000899243-21-042025"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_PG_20220520","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sell $PG 3 days before a corporate insider (Campbell Cheryl F.  (CIK 0001773101)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Campbell Cheryl F.  (CIK 0001773101)","filingDate":"2022-05-23","adsh":"0001004980-22-000090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_NOW_20221107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOW 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger buy $NOW 3 days before a corporate insider (ROSS AARON  (CIK 0001894635)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"ROSS AARON  (CIK 0001894635)","filingDate":"2022-11-10","adsh":"0001209191-22-056377"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001086_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+64 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger accumulated 89 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 64 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":64,"totalRaw":89}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_H001086_National_Community_Pharmacists_118954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Community Pharmacists Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Lowering Health Care Costs for All\r\nAmericans: An Examination of the Prescription Drug Supply Chain\". The witness B. Douglas Hoey (National Community Pharmacists Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118954","title":"Lowering Health Care Costs for All\r\nAmericans: An Examination of the Prescription Drug Supply Chain","date":"2026-02-11T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"B. Douglas Hoey","witnessOrg":"National Community Pharmacists Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION - PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COMMUNITY%20PHARMACISTS%20ASSOCIATION%20-%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COMMUNITY%20PHARMACISTS%20ASSOCIATION%20-%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001086_National_Home_Builders_Associa_118590","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Home Builders Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $4,500 donor","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-09-09 held a hearing titled \"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Home Builders Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"118590","title":"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”","date":"2025-09-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Home Builders Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":4500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_H001086_Community_Oncology_Alliance_116116","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats\". The witness Mr. Ted Okon, MBA (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116116","title":"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats","date":"2023-06-13T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ted Okon, MBA","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116"},{"source":"donor","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"]},{"id":"P49_H001086_2021-11-02_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABBV 4 days before a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger delivered a 799-word floor speech on 2021-11-02 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, one of the top concerns for Americans is the high cost of prescription drugs. Congress must do something to lower these prescription drug prices. We know the American people want lower pr…\"). The member buy $ABBV (a Pharma-sector stock) 4 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-11-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":799,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, one of the top concerns for Americans is the high cost of prescription drugs. Congress must do something to lower these prescription drug prices. We know the American people want lower pr","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/11/02/167/192/CREC-2021-11-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","sector":"Pharma","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/11/02/167/192/CREC-2021-11-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_H001086_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 trades in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger executed 6 reported trades in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-27"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-22"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-20"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_H001086_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 trades in $CMCSA — COMCAST's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger executed 9 reported trades in $CMCSA (COMCAST). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","parent":"COMCAST","tradeCount":9,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-26"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-25"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","parent":"COMCAST","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20FEDERAL"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20FEDERAL","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_H001086","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $144,900","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger received campaign contributions totaling $144,900 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 23 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); ALLIANCE FOR PHARMACY COMPOUNDING ($10,000); BARBARA BANKE ($9,900).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":144900,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY PAC (HEARTPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION - PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLIANCE FOR PHARMACY COMPOUNDING PAC (COMP PAC)","ldaClient":"ALLIANCE FOR PHARMACY COMPOUNDING","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BANKE, BARBARA R","ldaClient":"BARBARA BANKE","donorTotal":9900,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_H001086_2023-02-08","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"42 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-02-08 — 38 unique tickers","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger executed 42 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-02-08 to 2023-02-15), spanning 38 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-02-08","windowEnd":"2023-02-15","tradeCount":42,"uniqueTickers":38,"totalDisclosedTrades":482,"sampleTickers":["PAYX","GT","HLI","ORCL","GOOG","ADBE","NOW","SUI","LIN","MSFT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001086","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 86 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 86 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (9); reg rule trade proximity (7); committee pac conflict (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":86,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":9},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":7},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001086","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_H001086","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Diana Harshbarger draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.4M PAC / $14.0M total)","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.4M of $14.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.43,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.01,"pacSharePct":31.6,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0TN01118"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TN01118/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_H001086","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Diana Harshbarger executed 12 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL EA (5d apart)","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger has 12 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL EA 2021-10-29 → 2021-11-03 (5d) · SELL→BUY EA 2022-05-11 → 2022-05-17 (6d) · BUY→SELL GOOG 2022-11-04 → 2022-11-14 (10d) · BUY→SELL ADBE 2023-01-26 → 2023-02-10 (15d) · SELL→BUY ADBE 2023-02-10 → 2023-02-10 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":12,"samples":[{"ticker":"EA","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-10-29","date2":"2021-11-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"EA","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-05-11","date2":"2022-05-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-11-04","date2":"2022-11-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ADBE","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-01-26","date2":"2023-02-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ADBE","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-02-10","date2":"2023-02-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"META","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-01-28","date2":"2023-02-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BKR","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-08-18","date2":"2022-08-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PG","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-05-02","date2":"2022-05-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_H001086","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Diana Harshbarger triggers 35 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger accumulates 35 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":35,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_H001086_2023-02-10","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Diana Harshbarger — 33 trades on 2023-02-10","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger disclosed 33 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-02-10). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-02-10","count":33}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_H001086","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Diana Harshbarger — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (482/482)","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":482,"atBracket":482,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_H001086","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Diana Harshbarger — 143 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger has traded 143 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":143,"sample":["H","KO","PCAR","EA","MRK","GOOG","ORCL","ADBE","NOW","SUI"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_H001086_ADBE","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Diana Harshbarger — 13 disclosed trades in single ticker ADBE","explanation":"Diana Harshbarger traded ADBE on 13 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the ADBE trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"ADBE","count":13}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001172":[{"id":"P2_S001172_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P2_S001172_4e1d1e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITION gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P2_S001172_69xhqx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNI gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INCORPORATED PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P2_S001172_9lzivk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INS gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS PAC (NABIP PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BENEFITS AND INSURANCE PROFESSIONALS PAC (NABIP PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P2_S001172_o7bxr4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE AS gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P2_S001172_w655l5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TEACHERS INSURANCE ANNUITY ASSOCIATION O gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from TEACHERS INSURANCE ANNUITY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA PAC (TIAA PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEACHERS INSURANCE ANNUITY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA PAC (TIAA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P2_S001172_5stoiv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P2_S001172_fxoqm6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P2_S001172_ubngoz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS & EMPLOYEES POL gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Adrian Smith serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS & EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS & EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/adrian-smith/other-data?cycle=2024","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)","https://joinadrian.com/get-to-know-adrian/"]},{"id":"P10_S001172_11gpt0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,472,324 / spent $1,204,556","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00481176","cmteName":"CONCERNED AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM & OPPORTUNITY PAC (CAFO PAC)","year":"2010","totalReceipts":57345,"totalDisbursements":42231.6,"cashOnHand":15113.42},{"cmteId":"C00481176","cmteName":"CONCERNED AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM & OPPORTUNITY PAC (CAFO PAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":163811.3,"totalDisbursements":169276.2,"cashOnHand":9648.47},{"cmteId":"C00481176","cmteName":"CONCERNED AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM & OPPORTUNITY PAC (CAFO PAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":123002.8,"totalDisbursements":117579.3,"cashOnHand":15072.04},{"cmteId":"C00481176","cmteName":"CONCERNED AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM & OPPORTUNITY PAC (CAFO PAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":93500,"totalDisbursements":104585.4,"cashOnHand":3986.63},{"cmteId":"C00481176","cmteName":"CONCERNED AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM & OPPORTUNITY PAC (CAFO PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":46700,"totalDisbursements":18339,"cashOnHand":32347.68}],"totalRaised":1472323.6,"totalSpent":1204555.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001172_ke84iv","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $454,570 in itemized individual contributions, $336,600 (74%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":454570,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-5000,"$200.01-$499":6395,"$500-$999":38700,"$1000-$1999":77875,"$2000 and over":336600},"megaShare":74,"smallDonorShare":-1.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P16_S001172_c0mcau","pattern_type":"P16_LOBBYIST_DONOR_SHARE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"16% of itemized individuals donations from lobbyist-occupation donors ($74,150)","explanation":"Donors self-reporting lobbyist-adjacent occupations contributed 16% of this committee's itemized individual total — a direct channel for registered influence buyers.","evidence":[{"source":"itcont_lobbyist","cmteId":"C00481176","lobbyistAmount":74150,"lobbyistShare":0.163,"totalIndividuals":454570,"count":280}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00481176/"]},{"id":"P55_S001172","pattern_type":"P55_LOBBYIST_HEAVY_FUNDED","severity":"LOW","headline":"16% of itemized contributions ($74,150 of $454,570) came from registered lobbyists","explanation":"Adrian Smith's campaign committee derived 16.3% of itemized individual contributions ($74,150 of $454,570) from individuals listing \"lobbyist\" in their FEC occupation field. This is K-Street-funded campaign finance at the most direct level — every dollar comes from a registered influence-industry professional. The Senate / House individual contribution limit is ~$3,500/cycle, so the lobbyist count behind this share is in the hundreds.","evidence":[{"source":"lobbyist_share","share":16.3,"lobbyistTotal":74150,"total":454570,"committees":[{"cmteId":"C00481176","name":"CONCERNED AMERICANS FOR FREEDOM & OPPORTUNITY PAC (CAFO PAC)","lobbyAmt":74150,"total":454570,"share":0.1631211914556614}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00481176/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/"]},{"id":"P61_S001172","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $234,000","explanation":"Adrian Smith received campaign contributions totaling $234,000 from 37 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 37 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":37,"totalDollars":234000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"BUILD PAC NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, THE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION NADA PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIPAC AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P136_S001172","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Adrian Smith ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.9M across 22 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Adrian Smith's FEC-bulk record shows $18.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $28.4M (PAC: $18.9M, individual: $8.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.38,"lifetimeIndividualM":8.82,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6NE03115"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NE03115/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001172","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adrian Smith draws 67% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.9M PAC / $28.4M total)","explanation":"Adrian Smith's FEC-bulk record shows 67% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.9M of $28.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.38,"pacSharePct":66.6,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6NE03115"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NE03115/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001220":[{"id":"P2_S001220_cuqzt2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL  gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P2_S001220_s9mwh8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P2_S001220_1xcplu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC gave $7,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $7,000 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC","total":7000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P2_S001220_mzrx5i","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TORCH TECHNOLOGIES INC POLITICAL ACTION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TORCH TECHNOLOGIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TORCH TECHNOLOGIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P2_S001220_zccqq8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' P gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P2_S001220_xyu4th","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMENTUM SERVICES INC. PAC gave $4,250 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,250 from AMENTUM SERVICES INC. PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMENTUM SERVICES INC. PAC","total":4250,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P2_S001220_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P2_S001220_v05rfs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CHUGACH ALASKA CORPORATION PAC (CAC PAC) gave $3,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,500 from CHUGACH ALASKA CORPORATION PAC (CAC PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHUGACH ALASKA CORPORATION PAC (CAC PAC)","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P2_S001220_hurmsg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMM gave $3,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Dale Strong serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,500 from THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Homeland Security","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://yellowhammernews.com/rep-dale-strong-takes-on-powerful-new-committee-assignments-for-north-alabama/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Strong","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001220"]},{"id":"P11_S001220_mbatt4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -11%)","explanation":"Of $2,551,258 in itemized individual contributions, $1,864,750 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2551258,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-275273,"$200.01-$499":140063,"$500-$999":220356,"$1000-$1999":601362,"$2000 and over":1864750},"megaShare":73.1,"smallDonorShare":-10.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001220_l3ayo6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,000 donation spike on 2024-03-19 — 15.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-19 this committee recorded $71,000 across 31 contributions — 15.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,626.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00774281","date":"2024-03-19","amount":71000,"count":31,"baseline":4626,"ratio":15.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00774281/"]},{"id":"P15_S001220_z9fg3h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,400 donation spike on 2025-02-03 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-03 this committee recorded $60,400 across 19 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,790.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00774281","date":"2025-02-03","amount":60400,"count":19,"baseline":6790,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00774281/"]},{"id":"P15_S001220_89foue","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,100 donation spike on 2022-06-01 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-01 this committee recorded $52,100 across 20 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,921.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00774281","date":"2022-06-01","amount":52100,"count":20,"baseline":7921,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00774281/"]},{"id":"P19_S001220_a4tn58","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dale Strong campaign paid $9,091,246 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: GEORGIA SAFE AND STRONG, INC.","explanation":"Dale Strong's campaign paid 55 disbursements totaling $9,091,246 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GEORGIA SAFE AND STRONG, INC.","total":2240000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"GEORGIA SAFE AND STRONG, INC.","amount":1000000,"date":"2022-11-16","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GEORGIA SAFE AND STRONG, INC.","amount":250000,"date":"2022-08-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GEORGIA SAFE AND STRONG, INC.","amount":250000,"date":"2024-10-17","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STRONG PUBLIC SCHOOLS","total":1760000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"STRONG PUBLIC SCHOOLS","amount":600000,"date":"2018-05-31","description":"NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"STRONG PUBLIC SCHOOLS","amount":600000,"date":"2018-04-27","description":"NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"STRONG PUBLIC SCHOOLS","amount":435000,"date":"2018-10-05","description":"NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRIAN MCDANIEL DBA STRONG MEDIA","total":1002008,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"BRIAN MCDANIEL DBA STRONG MEDIA","amount":220000,"date":"2008-10-16","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BRIAN MCDANIEL DBA STRONG MEDIA","amount":163645,"date":"2008-10-10","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BRIAN MCDANIEL DBA STRONG MEDIA","amount":163000,"date":"2008-10-29","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLORIDIANS FOR A STRONG MIDDLE CLASS, INC.","total":1000000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"FLORIDIANS FOR A STRONG MIDDLE CLASS, INC.","amount":500000,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"FLORIDIANS FOR A STRONG MIDDLE CLASS, INC.","amount":500000,"date":"2016-10-28","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARIZONA FAMILIES UNITED FOR STRONG COMMUNITIES","total":810000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"ARIZONA FAMILIES UNITED FOR STRONG COMMUNITIES","amount":130000,"date":"2008-05-30","description":"TRANSFER TO AFFILIATE'S NON-FEDERAL PAC","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"ARIZONA FAMILIES UNITED FOR STRONG COMMUNITIES","amount":125000,"date":"2010-07-28","description":"TRANSFER TO AFFILIATED NON-FEDERAL PAC","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"ARIZONA FAMILIES UNITED FOR STRONG COMMUNITIES","amount":120000,"date":"2004-10-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION NON FEDERAL PAC","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FLORIDA STRONG","total":450000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FLORIDA STRONG","amount":450000,"date":"2018-10-11","description":"NON-FEDERAL POLITICAL DONATION","surnameMatched":"strong","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GEORGIA%20SAFE%20AND%20STRONG"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Red_Lake_Band_of_Chippewa_Indi_119057","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-17 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)\". The witness Darrell Seki (Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119057","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-17T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Darrell Seki","witnessOrg":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $10,712 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,712 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","total":10712,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20CO"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20CO"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Red_Lake_Band_Chippewa_Indians_117914","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Red Lake Band Chippewa Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Darrell Seki (Red Lake Band Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117914","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Darrell Seki","witnessOrg":"Red Lake Band Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_United_Keetoowah_Band_of_Chero_117914","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Jeff Wacoche (United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117914","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Jeff Wacoche","witnessOrg":"United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_India_117916","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Michell Hicks (Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117916","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Michell Hicks","witnessOrg":"Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Morongo_Band_of_Mission_Indian_117214","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Charles Martin (Morongo Band of Mission Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117214","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Charles Martin","witnessOrg":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Red_Lake_Band_of_Chippewa_Indi_117626","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies, which on 2024-09-11 held a hearing titled \"Joint House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Age…\". The witness The Honorable Darrell Seki Sr. (Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117626","title":"Joint House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies and House Agriculture Subcommittee on Nutrition, Foreign Agriculture, and Horticulture Oversight Hearing on Severe Food Distribution Shortages in Tribal and Elderly Communities","date":"2024-09-11T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Darrell Seki Sr.","witnessOrg":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117626"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117626","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Pokagon_Band_of_Potawatomi_Ind_115665","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-04-28 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing – Tribal Perspectives on Housing and Transportation\". The witness Alex Wesaw (Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115665","title":"Oversight Hearing – Tribal Perspectives on Housing and Transportation","date":"2023-04-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Alex Wesaw","witnessOrg":"Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115665"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115665","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Morongo_Band_of_Mission_Indian_115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Charles Martin (Morongo Band of Mission Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Charles Martin","witnessOrg":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Robinson_Rancheria_Band_of_Pom_115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Beniakem Cromwell (Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Beniakem Cromwell","witnessOrg":"Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Red_Lake_Band_of_Chippewa_Indi_115412","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-08 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1\". The witness Darrell Seki (Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115412","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1","date":"2023-03-08T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Darrell Seki","witnessOrg":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115412"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115412","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001220_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $10,712 donor","explanation":"Dale Strong sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,712 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","total":10712,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20CO"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20CO"]},{"id":"P61_S001220","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $137,712","explanation":"Dale Strong received campaign contributions totaling $137,712 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,712); BLUE ORIGIN, LLC ($10,000); BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF ALABAMA ($10,000); PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION ($10,000); REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":137712,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10712,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUE ORIGIN LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"BLUE ORIGIN, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF ALABAMA PAC","ldaClient":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF ALABAMA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT","ldaClient":"PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001220","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $71,000 on 2024-03-19 (15.3× normal)","explanation":"Dale Strong's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $71,000 on 2024-03-19 — 15.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":71000,"maxRatio":15.3,"maxAmount":71000},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-19","amount":71000,"ratio":15.3,"baselineDaily":4626,"count":31,"cmteId":"C00774281","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00774281&min_date=2024-03-19&max_date=2024-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00774281/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00774281&min_date=2024-03-19&max_date=2024-03-19"]},{"id":"P90_S001220","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dale Strong's campaign paid $5,758,004 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: STRONG PUBLIC SCHOOLS ($1,760,000)","explanation":"Dale Strong's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 28 payments totaling $5,758,004 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: STRONG PUBLIC SCHOOLS ($1,760,000 across 4 payments, services: NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE). Cycles covered: 2018, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5758004.4399999995,"paymentCount":28,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"STRONG PUBLIC SCHOOLS","total":1760000,"count":4,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"BRIAN MCDANIEL DBA STRONG MEDIA","total":646645,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR L.I.S.A. (LEADERSHIP IN A STRONG ALASKA)","total":600000,"count":4,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION: INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE-ONLY COMMITTEE","NON CONTRIBUTION ACCT - UA FUND DONATION"]},{"payee":"FLORIDA STRONG","total":450000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL POLITICAL DONATION"]},{"payee":"SEIU LOCAL 1000 KEEPING CA HEALTHY SAFE AND STRONG","total":410579.8,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"strong"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2AL05102&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_S001220","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dale Strong draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.0M PAC / $9.1M total)","explanation":"Dale Strong's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.0M of $9.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.98,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.06,"pacSharePct":32.8,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2AL05102"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AL05102/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001210":[{"id":"P2_M001210_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_5stoiv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $10,000 from SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_p1jw93","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY A gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVENTIONS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVENTIONS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_fnyrnr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_511bf5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VETERANS GUARDIAN VA CLAIM CONSULTING PA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from VETERANS GUARDIAN VA CLAIM CONSULTING PAC (VETGUARD PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VETERANS GUARDIAN VA CLAIM CONSULTING PAC (VETGUARD PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_b979tl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_97mrkl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PEDIATRIX MEDICAL GROUP INC. POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from PEDIATRIX MEDICAL GROUP INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PEDIATRIX PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PEDIATRIX MEDICAL GROUP INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PEDIATRIX PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_c0xhpc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITIC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_qydrvz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIAT gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_4953vs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG HOSPITAL AUTHORITY gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $5,000 from CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG HOSPITAL AUTHORITY/ATRIUM HEALTH EMPLOYEES FED PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG HOSPITAL AUTHORITY/ATRIUM HEALTH EMPLOYEES FED PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_in0at4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $4,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_8osx54","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $4,000 from THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_d4tzes","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $3,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $3,500 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_M001210_d5nepj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FED gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Murphy serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Healthcare, Finance) and received $3,500 from FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FMR LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC)","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Veterans' Affairs","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001210","https://www.conference-board.org/bio/greg-murphy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)"]},{"id":"P7_M001210_hncori","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $738,759 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $738,759 opposing this member across 54 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":738759.3099999998,"totalSupport":53831.64,"events":54,"topAttackers":[{"name":"WFW Action Fund, Inc.","oppose":580758.74},{"name":"WOMEN SPEAK OUT PAC","oppose":151750.57},{"name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR A BETTER NORTH CAROLINA","oppose":6250}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001210_ugnaz4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gregory Murphy campaign paid $39,613,147 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","explanation":"Gregory Murphy's campaign paid 116 disbursements totaling $39,613,147 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","total":9794445.379999999,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","amount":932161.85,"date":"2010-08-09","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","amount":600000,"date":"2008-11-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","amount":573198.65,"date":"2010-08-02","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS, LLC","total":5810187.71,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":1500000,"date":"2006-08-30","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":1000000,"date":"2006-09-15","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":517750,"date":"2006-10-25","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA LLC","total":5686927.819999999,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA LLC","amount":601126.55,"date":"2010-09-10","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA LLC","amount":495333.33,"date":"2010-05-11","description":"BROADCAST TELEVISION","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA LLC","amount":468527.39,"date":"2010-10-06","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","total":4728053.3,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","amount":1310960,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","amount":960000,"date":"2006-10-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","amount":900000,"date":"2006-10-02","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","total":4367929.15,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","amount":747000,"date":"2008-10-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","amount":514984,"date":"2008-10-31","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","amount":310051,"date":"2008-09-08","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","total":1621580,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","amount":333172.5,"date":"2004-09-10","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","amount":250000,"date":"2006-09-05","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","amount":226717.5,"date":"2004-09-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MURPHY%20PUTNAM%20MEDIA"]},{"id":"P25_M001210_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"55% of PAC dollars ($247,618) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"Gregory Murphy receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":247618.22999999998,"share":54.5,"totalPAC":454118.23,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":247618.22999999998,"share":54.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":43500,"share":9.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":36500,"share":8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":30000,"share":6.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_M001210_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MURPHY, Gregory Francis voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":385,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7006) the Financial Services and G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":384,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7006) the Financial Services and G"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001210","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $176,000","explanation":"Gregory Murphy received campaign contributions totaling $176,000 from 31 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 31 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); INTEGRATED ONCOLOGY NETWORK ($10,000); SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); LUMEXA IMAGING, INC. (FKA US RADIOLOGY SPECIALISTS ($6,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":31,"totalDollars":176000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"US ONCOLOGY INC. NETWORK POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTEGRATED ONCOLOGY NETWORK","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"US RADIOLOGY SPECIALISTS PAC","ldaClient":"LUMEXA IMAGING, INC. (FKA US RADIOLOGY SPECIALISTS)","donorTotal":6000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001210","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gregory Murphy's campaign paid $12,048,901 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS ($4,728,053)","explanation":"Gregory Murphy's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 32 payments totaling $12,048,901 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS ($4,728,053 across 7 payments, services: ADVERTISING · MEDIA BUY). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":12048901.45,"paymentCount":32,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","total":4728053.3,"count":7,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","total":4367929.15,"count":15,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","MEDIA EXPENSE","TELEVISION ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","total":1621580,"count":7,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA PURCHASING","TV-CABLE BUY"]},{"payee":"MURPHY PINTAK GAUTIER HUDOME AGENCY","total":1065117,"count":2,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING & MARKETING"]},{"payee":"MURPHY, PUTNAM, SHORR & PARTNERS","total":266222,"count":1,"descriptions":["BROADCAST ADVERTISING"]}],"surname":"murphy"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0NC03172&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001210","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregory Murphy draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.9M PAC / $15.6M total)","explanation":"Gregory Murphy's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.9M of $15.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.85,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.55,"pacSharePct":37.6,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0NC03172"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NC03172/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001257":[{"id":"P2_B001257_i7ou51","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC (NABPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_z57cz4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_eepvf5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC (AMPAC) gave $9,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $9,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC (AMPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC (AMPAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_aik92e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. (VERIZON PA gave $9,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $9,000 from VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. (VERIZON PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. (VERIZON PAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_4sg1e2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_17dt87","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_qft6r7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from VALERO PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_nip3si","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CVS HEALTH PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CVS HEALTH PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CVS HEALTH PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_acmg4m","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HUMANA PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from HUMANA PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HUMANA PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_2vd8eo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC. PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC. PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC. PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_pweap5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,500 from AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_B001257_ajpsgr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION PAC (RJC PAC gave $3,300 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,300 from REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION PAC (RJC PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION PAC (RJC PAC)","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.aaf.org/Public/Public/Bios/Other/A-B/Gus_Bilirakis.aspx","https://floodcoalition.org/members/gus-bilirakis/","https://bilirakis.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-and-subcommittee-assignments"]},{"id":"P6_B001257_ubvr4q","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$456,821 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VETERANS AID PAC INC","explanation":"VETERANS AID PAC INC spent $456,821 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 912 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00699801","name":"VETERANS AID PAC INC","support":456820.67000000004,"oppose":0,"events":912}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699801/"]},{"id":"P10_B001257_ju30nb","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $548,591 / spent $517,474","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00531517","cmteName":"GIVING US SECURITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":10500,"totalDisbursements":5000,"cashOnHand":5500},{"cmteId":"C00531517","cmteName":"GIVING US SECURITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":15500,"totalDisbursements":11561.4,"cashOnHand":9438.61},{"cmteId":"C00531517","cmteName":"GIVING US SECURITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":56800,"totalDisbursements":55494.1,"cashOnHand":10744.5},{"cmteId":"C00531517","cmteName":"GIVING US SECURITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":62545,"totalDisbursements":67829.7,"cashOnHand":5459.85},{"cmteId":"C00531517","cmteName":"GIVING US SECURITY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2020","totalReceipts":66250,"totalDisbursements":56648.2,"cashOnHand":15061.7}],"totalRaised":548590.6,"totalSpent":517473.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001257_lr7qcb","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"96% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $191,550 in itemized individual contributions, $184,700 (96%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":191550,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":250,"$500-$999":1100,"$1000-$1999":5500,"$2000 and over":184700},"megaShare":96.4,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001257_gw8tj8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gus Bilirakis campaign paid $169,585 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: DAVID J. CARLIN","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis's campaign paid 19 disbursements totaling $169,585 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVID J. CARLIN","total":59937.58,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":30426,"date":"2005-01-12","description":"FEA: FUNDRAISING INAUGURAL TICKETS","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":14998.97,"date":"2004-11-09","description":"FEA: VAN RENTAL & LODGING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":10046,"date":"2005-01-11","description":"FEA: FUNDRAISING INAUGURAL TICKETS","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEALLY, CARLIN","total":25250,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":10000,"date":"2024-03-05","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":6750,"date":"2024-07-22","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":4500,"date":"2024-05-03","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARLIN, AUDRE D.","total":24000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CARLIN, AUDRE D.","amount":24000,"date":"2012-05-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARLIN, AUDRE","total":21900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CARLIN, AUDRE","amount":21900,"date":"2014-03-27","description":"REFUND, OVER LIMIT FOR 2014","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"J. CARLIN CONSULTING LLC","total":12000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"J. CARLIN CONSULTING LLC","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-15","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"J. CARLIN CONSULTING LLC","amount":6000,"date":"2022-11-17","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARLIN, MICHAEL D.","total":10700,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CARLIN, MICHAEL D.","amount":4200,"date":"2020-06-29","description":"VIDEO & PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CARLIN, MICHAEL D.","amount":3500,"date":"2020-07-27","description":"VIDEO PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CARLIN, MICHAEL D.","amount":3000,"date":"2020-08-25","description":"VIDEO PRODUCTION & EDITING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DAVID%20J.%20CARLIN"]},{"id":"P61_B001257","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $109,000","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis received campaign contributions totaling $109,000 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVE ($10,000); AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TRAVEL ADVISORS, INC. ($10,000); THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":109000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVENTIONS (SCAI) PAC","ldaClient":"SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVENTIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TRAVEL ADVISORS INC.  PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TRAVEL ADVISORS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS PAC","ldaClient":"LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_B001257","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gus Bilirakis draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.8M PAC / $33.9M total)","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.8M of $33.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.84,"lifetimeReceiptsM":33.88,"pacSharePct":43.8,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6FL09070"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6FL09070/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_B001257_RetiredPayRestoratio","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gus Bilirakis sponsored \"Retired Pay Restoration Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Retired Pay Restoration Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_B001257_StudentVisaSecurityI","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gus Bilirakis sponsored \"Student Visa Security Improvement Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gus Bilirakis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Student Visa Security Improvement Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"F000482":[{"id":"P2_F000482_46e0mg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NORTH DAKOTA PETROLEUM COUNCIL INC. FEDE gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NORTH DAKOTA PETROLEUM COUNCIL INC. FEDERAL PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NORTH DAKOTA PETROLEUM COUNCIL INC. FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Fedorchak","https://fedorchaknd.com/about/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000482"]},{"id":"P2_F000482_tllmgb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE  gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BR, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BR","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Fedorchak","https://fedorchaknd.com/about/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000482"]},{"id":"P2_F000482_85smy7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Fedorchak","https://fedorchaknd.com/about/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000482"]},{"id":"P2_F000482_itof9c","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"POET PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from POET PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"POET PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Fedorchak","https://fedorchaknd.com/about/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000482"]},{"id":"P2_F000482_sp1lqo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSO gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S EL, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S EL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Fedorchak","https://fedorchaknd.com/about/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000482"]},{"id":"P6_F000482_th5syl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$254,850 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE IN","explanation":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC. spent $254,850 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835967","name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","support":254849.78,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835967/"]},{"id":"P7_F000482_kucbdq","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $582,107 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $582,107 opposing this member across 29 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":582107.28,"totalSupport":306234.06000000006,"events":29,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":463311.30000000005},{"name":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee","oppose":81830},{"name":"WIN IT BACK PAC","oppose":36965.979999999996}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_F000482_xljfw1","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $1,475,132 in itemized individual contributions, $981,185 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1475132,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-52771,"$200.01-$499":64442,"$500-$999":177475,"$1000-$1999":304801,"$2000 and over":981185},"megaShare":66.5,"smallDonorShare":-3.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000482_vcu5on","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$127,250 donation spike on 2024-05-03 — 13.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-03 this committee recorded $127,250 across 71 contributions — 13.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,498.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00869370","date":"2024-05-03","amount":127250,"count":71,"baseline":9498,"ratio":13.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00869370/"]},{"id":"P19_F000482_501awv","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Fedorchak campaign paid $1,248,003 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: FEDORCHAK FOR ND","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak's campaign paid 114 disbursements totaling $1,248,003 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEDORCHAK FOR ND","total":676953.04,"count":76,"samples":[{"payee":"FEDORCHAK FOR ND","amount":130000,"date":"2025-09-16","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"fedorchak","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FEDORCHAK FOR ND","amount":62000,"date":"2025-12-12","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"fedorchak","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FEDORCHAK FOR ND","amount":34519.81,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"fedorchak","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","total":386952.87,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":127358.97,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":86933.21,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":48760.69,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","total":76450,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":26450,"date":"2022-12-05","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":25000,"date":"2023-01-03","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":25000,"date":"2022-12-30","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","total":26900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":10600,"date":"2022-12-07","description":"ELECTION DEBT RETIREMENT","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":5500,"date":"2025-07-09","description":"AZ GOVERNOR","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":5400,"date":"2024-09-11","description":"AZ GOVERNOR","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","total":15017,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","amount":7795,"date":"2016-10-04","description":"MEMORABILIA","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","amount":7222,"date":"2004-08-27","description":"MISCELLANEOUS BUTTONS & LAPEL PINS","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOBBS, NICOLE","total":12000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOBBS, NICOLE","amount":12000,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FEDORCHAK%20FOR%20ND"]},{"id":"P25_F000482_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"54% of PAC dollars ($422,602) come from Party industry","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":422601.66,"share":53.9,"totalPAC":783821.74,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":422601.66,"share":53.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":161220.08,"share":20.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":60000,"share":7.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":30000,"share":3.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000482","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_F000482_Basin_Electric_Power_Cooperati_117979","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Basin Electric Power Cooperative testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-03-05 held a hearing titled \"“Scaling for Growth:  Meeting the Demand for Reliable, Affordable Electricity.”\". The witness Mr. Todd Brickhouse (Basin Electric Power Cooperative) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"117979","title":"“Scaling for Growth:  Meeting the Demand for Reliable, Affordable Electricity.”","date":"2025-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Todd Brickhouse","witnessOrg":"Basin Electric Power Cooperative","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117979"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S EL","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20AMERICA'S%20EL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117979","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20AMERICA'S%20EL"]},{"id":"P47_F000482_National_Rural_Electric_Cooper_115750","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"Breaking Barriers: Streamlining Permitting to Expedite Broadband Deployment\". The witness Mr. Louis Finkel (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115750","title":"Breaking Barriers: Streamlining Permitting to Expedite Broadband Deployment","date":"2023-04-19T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Louis Finkel","witnessOrg":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115750"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S EL","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20AMERICA'S%20EL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115750","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20AMERICA'S%20EL"]},{"id":"P61_F000482","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $102,000","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak received campaign contributions totaling $102,000 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($7,000); FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($5,000); NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIO ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":102000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (EARMARK)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":7000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BR","ldaClient":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_F000482","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $127,250 on 2024-05-03 (13.4× normal)","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $127,250 on 2024-05-03 — 13.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":127250,"maxRatio":13.4,"maxAmount":127250},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-05-03","amount":127250,"ratio":13.4,"baselineDaily":9498,"count":71,"cmteId":"C00869370","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00869370&min_date=2024-05-03&max_date=2024-05-03"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00869370/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00869370&min_date=2024-05-03&max_date=2024-05-03"]},{"id":"P78_F000482","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 16 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 16 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (5); hearing witness donor (2); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":16,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000482","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_F000482","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Julie Fedorchak's campaign paid $447,953 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: FEDORCHAK FOR ND ($447,953)","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 72 payments totaling $447,953 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FEDORCHAK FOR ND ($447,953 across 72 payments, services: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS · DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS GENERAL 2024 · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM RICHARD AND JOELLEN SOLBERG). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":447953.04000000004,"paymentCount":72,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FEDORCHAK FOR ND","total":447953.04000000004,"count":72,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS GENERAL 2024","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM RICHARD AND JOELLEN SOLBERG"]}],"surname":"fedorchak"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4ND00061&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_F000482","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Julie Fedorchak draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.6M PAC / $6.7M total)","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.6M of $6.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.72,"pacSharePct":39.4,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4ND00061"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4ND00061/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_F000482","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julie Fedorchak — DW-NOMINATE 0.63 vs ND delegation mean 0.05 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Julie Fedorchak's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.63) is 1.6 standard deviations from the ND delegation mean (0.05). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"ND","memberScore":0.625,"delegationMean":0.04536363636363636,"zscore":"1.56"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"R000621":[{"id":"P2_R000621_2l3tve","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Emily Randall serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW DEMOCRAT COALITION ACTION FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000621","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Randall","https://legisletter.org/legislator/emily-randall-R000621/committees"]},{"id":"P2_R000621_mdiiwn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA NEEDS NEW INNOVATION AND ENERGY  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Emily Randall serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AMERICA NEEDS NEW INNOVATION AND ENERGY PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA NEEDS NEW INNOVATION AND ENERGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000621","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Randall","https://legisletter.org/legislator/emily-randall-R000621/committees"]},{"id":"P2_R000621_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Emily Randall serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform","Natural Resources","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000621","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Randall","https://legisletter.org/legislator/emily-randall-R000621/committees"]},{"id":"P6_R000621_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,491,153 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $1,491,153 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":1491153,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_R000621_uva9vf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$908,463 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Equality PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"Equality PAC spent $908,463 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00550970","name":"Equality PAC","support":908463.2400000002,"oppose":0,"events":19},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"EQUALITY PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550970/"]},{"id":"P6_R000621_tew72a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$398,875 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PENINSULA NEIGHBORS PAC","explanation":"PENINSULA NEIGHBORS PAC spent $398,875 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00879379","name":"PENINSULA NEIGHBORS PAC","support":398874.8,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00879379/"]},{"id":"P18_R000621_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Emily Randall executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-01-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; Quota Transfer From New York to North Carolina","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-12-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000621_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Emily Randall executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2025-01-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taxable Income or Loss and Currency Gain or Loss With Respect to a Qualified Business Unit","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2024-12-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000621_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Emily Randall executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-01-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Clinical Trials Registration and Results Information Submission","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2024-12-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000621_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Emily Randall executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-01-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Guidelines and Limitations for Settlement Agreements Involving Payments to Non-Governmental Third Parties","agency":"Justice Department, Office of the Attorney General","date":"2024-12-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000621_fr67nv","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Emily Randall campaign paid $438,339 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: ROBINSON, RANDALL SCOTT","explanation":"Emily Randall's campaign paid 41 disbursements totaling $438,339 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROBINSON, RANDALL SCOTT","total":62000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ROBINSON, RANDALL SCOTT","amount":35000,"date":"2020-07-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROBINSON, RANDALL SCOTT","amount":20000,"date":"2020-04-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROBINSON, RANDALL SCOTT","amount":7000,"date":"2020-05-18","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AVILA, RANDALL","total":38567.06,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"AVILA, RANDALL","amount":25512.85,"date":"2025-12-22","description":"REIMBURSEMENTS: FOOD/BEVERAGE AND VENUES FOR EVENT","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"AVILA, RANDALL","amount":13054.21,"date":"2024-11-29","description":"REIMB. EXPENSES-SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUMPS, RANDALL","total":37869,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BUMPS, RANDALL","amount":21184,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BUMPS, RANDALL","amount":10906,"date":"2009-06-25","description":"TRAVEL/FOOD/BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BUMPS, RANDALL","amount":5779,"date":"2009-03-31","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON, RANDALL MR.","total":24500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON, RANDALL MR.","amount":12000,"date":"2011-01-10","description":"SALARY EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"THOMPSON, RANDALL MR.","amount":6500,"date":"2011-06-14","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE/SALARY/OVERHEAD: SALARY","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"THOMPSON, RANDALL MR.","amount":6000,"date":"2008-11-25","description":"NOVEMBER SALARY ND SIGN-ON BON","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMSON, RANDALL DILLON","total":23500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMSON, RANDALL DILLON","amount":13400,"date":"2023-11-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THOMSON, RANDALL DILLON","amount":10100,"date":"2024-07-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SPEAR, RANDALL","total":23200,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SPEAR, RANDALL","amount":23200,"date":"2023-09-15","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"randall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ROBINSON"]},{"id":"P27_R000621_snfu80","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"MAY JENNIFER\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00573709","name":"CA LUV PAC (CALIFORNIA LEADERSHIP UNITED FOR VICTORY PAC)","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00753947","name":"LA BAMBA PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00785899","name":"EQUALITY PROJECT PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_R000621_WFC_20250106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WFC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Emily Randall sell $WFC 3 days after a corporate insider (GARCIA FABIAN T  (CIK 0001219440)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"GARCIA FABIAN T  (CIK 0001219440)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-25-000459","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000621_XOM_20250106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $XOM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Emily Randall sell $XOM 3 days after a corporate insider (Dreyfus Maria S.  (CIK 0001751484)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Dreyfus Maria S.  (CIK 0001751484)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-25-000199","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000621_MDT_20250106","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Emily Randall sell $MDT 4 days before a corporate insider (Wall Brett A.  (CIK 0001473812)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Wall Brett A.  (CIK 0001473812)","filingDate":"2025-01-10","adsh":"0001613103-25-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_R000621_Lower_Elwha_Klallam_Tribe_118251","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Emily Randall sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-05-21 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2130 (Rep. Johnson of SD), “Tribal Trust Land Homeownership Act of 2025” H.R. 2388 (Rep. Ra…\". The witness The Honorable Frances Charles (Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118251","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2130 (Rep. Johnson of SD), “Tribal Trust Land Homeownership Act of 2025” H.R. 2388 (Rep. Randall), “Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe Project Lands Restoration Act” H.R. 2815 (Rep. Begich), “Cape Fox Land Entitlement Finalization Act of 2025” H.R. 3073 (Rep. Maloy), “Shivwits Band of Paiutes Jurisdictional Clarity Act”","date":"2025-05-21T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Frances Charles","witnessOrg":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118251"},{"source":"donor","name":"JAMESTOWN S'KLALLAM TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=JAMESTOWN%20S'KLALLAM%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118251","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=JAMESTOWN%20S'KLALLAM%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_R000621_Shoalwater_Bay_Indian_Tribe_118583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Emily Randall sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-09-09 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 681 (Rep. Keating), To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the \"Long-Term Le…\". The witness The Honorable Quintin Swanson (Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118583","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 681 (Rep. Keating), To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the \"Long-Term Leasing Act\"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R. 3654 (Rep. Randall), “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act” H.R. 3903 (Rep. Begich), “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R. 3925 (Rep. Obernolte), “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R. 4463 (Rep. Norman), To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993","date":"2025-09-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Quintin Swanson","witnessOrg":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118583"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_R000621_Tulalip_Tribes_117844","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tulalip Tribes testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Emily Randall sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed\". The witness Mr. Glen Gobin (Tulalip Tribes) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117844","title":"Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed","date":"2025-02-25T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Glen Gobin","witnessOrg":"Tulalip Tribes","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117844"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117844","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"]},{"id":"P47_R000621_Tulalip_Tribes_116535","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tulalip Tribes testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Emily Randall sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-11-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on “Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Public Safety in Tribal Communities.”\". The witness Mr. Chris Sutter (Tulalip Tribes) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116535","title":"Oversight Hearing on “Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Public Safety in Tribal Communities.”","date":"2023-11-14T19:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Sutter","witnessOrg":"Tulalip Tribes","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116535"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116535","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"]},{"id":"P47_R000621_Southern_Ute_Indian_Tribe_116420","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Southern Ute Indian Tribe testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Emily Randall sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on “Tribal Autonomy and Energy Development: Implementation of the Indian Tribal Energy Development & S…\". The witness The Honorable Melvin Baker (Southern Ute Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116420","title":"Oversight Hearing on “Tribal Autonomy and Energy Development: Implementation of the Indian Tribal Energy Development & Self-Determination Act.”","date":"2023-09-28T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Melvin Baker","witnessOrg":"Southern Ute Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116420"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116420","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_R000621_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emily Randall sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_R000621_Tule_River_Indian_Tribe_of_CA_115639","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tule River Indian Tribe of CA testified before House Natural Resources — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Emily Randall sits on House Natural Resources, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee legislative hearing on H.R. 2989 (Rep. McCarthy), \"Save Our Sequoias Act.\"\". The witness The Honorable Shine Nieto (Tule River Indian Tribe of CA) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources","eventId":"115639","title":"Full Committee legislative hearing on H.R. 2989 (Rep. McCarthy), \"Save Our Sequoias Act.\"","date":"2023-05-10T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Shine Nieto","witnessOrg":"Tule River Indian Tribe of CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115639"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115639","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_R000621_International_Union_of_Operati_115298","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49 testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emily Randall sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.\". The witness Mr. Jason George (International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115298","title":"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason George","witnessOrg":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298"},{"source":"donor","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"]},{"id":"P61_R000621","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $100,000","explanation":"Emily Randall received campaign contributions totaling $100,000 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL  ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); YOUNG MEN'S AND YOUNG WOMEN'S HEBREW ASSN OF WASHI ($5,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":100000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WASHINGTON WOMEN FOR CHOICE","ldaClient":"YOUNG MEN'S AND YOUNG WOMEN'S HEBREW ASSN OF WASHINGTON HEIGHTS AND INWOOD, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_R000621","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Emily Randall's campaign paid $194,022 to 15 surname-matched vendors — top: BUMPS, RANDALL ($37,869)","explanation":"Emily Randall's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 22 payments totaling $194,022 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BUMPS, RANDALL ($37,869 across 3 payments, services: TRAVEL · TRAVEL/FOOD/BEVERAGE). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":194022.22999999998,"paymentCount":22,"payeeCount":15,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BUMPS, RANDALL","total":37869,"count":3,"descriptions":["TRAVEL","TRAVEL/FOOD/BEVERAGE"]},{"payee":"THOMPSON, RANDALL MR.","total":24500,"count":3,"descriptions":["SALARY EXPENSE","ADMINISTRATIVE/SALARY/OVERHEAD: SALARY","NOVEMBER SALARY ND SIGN-ON BON"]},{"payee":"RANDALL, GERARD","total":18000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN MADE"]},{"payee":"POMBO, RANDALL","total":18000,"count":2,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING SVC.","BOOK KEEPING AND FUNDRAISING"]},{"payee":"DRESSER, RANDALL B","total":13853.56,"count":2,"descriptions":["SALARIES"]}],"surname":"randall"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4WA06117&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_R000621","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Emily Randall's PAC funding concentrates 46% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Emily Randall's PAC donors concentrate 46% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.03M · Defense $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":46.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.03,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4WA06117/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P178_R000621_2025-01-06","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Emily Randall — 10 trades on 2025-01-06","explanation":"Emily Randall disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-01-06). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-01-06","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_R000621","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Emily Randall — DW-NOMINATE -0.67 vs WA delegation mean -0.08 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Emily Randall's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.67) is 1.6 standard deviations from the WA delegation mean (-0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"WA","memberScore":-0.668,"delegationMean":-0.07612499999999997,"zscore":"1.59"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"L000600":[{"id":"P2_L000600_nic8ul","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL PROPANE GAS ASSOCIATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL PROPANE GAS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL PROPANE GAS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Oversight and Accountability","Rules","Energy and Commerce","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://langworthy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://langworthy.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Langworthy"]},{"id":"P2_L000600_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Oversight and Accountability","Rules","Energy and Commerce","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://langworthy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://langworthy.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Langworthy"]},{"id":"P2_L000600_rrcnu5","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC (CEPAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC (CEPAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC (CEPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Oversight and Accountability","Rules","Energy and Commerce","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://langworthy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://langworthy.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Langworthy"]},{"id":"P2_L000600_tohodz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION P gave $4,500 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,500 from SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION PAC (SWAPA PAC), a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION PAC (SWAPA PAC)","total":4500,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Oversight and Accountability","Rules","Energy and Commerce","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://langworthy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","http://langworthy.house.gov/about","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Langworthy"]},{"id":"P10_L000600_wfbdb9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $285,487 / spent $210,325","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00827881","cmteName":"CIRCLE THE WAGONS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00827881","cmteName":"CIRCLE THE WAGONS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":115652.5,"totalDisbursements":107149.5,"cashOnHand":8503.01},{"cmteId":"C00827881","cmteName":"CIRCLE THE WAGONS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":169834.2,"totalDisbursements":103175.8,"cashOnHand":75161.42}],"totalRaised":285486.7,"totalSpent":210325.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000600_op216x","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -9%)","explanation":"Of $2,042,540 in itemized individual contributions, $1,370,626 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2042540,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-187706,"$200.01-$499":113984,"$500-$999":226077,"$1000-$1999":519559,"$2000 and over":1370626},"megaShare":67.1,"smallDonorShare":-9.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000600_idt3zt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$169,399 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $169,399 across 96 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,921.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00817932","date":"2022-06-30","amount":169399,"count":96,"baseline":20921,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817932/"]},{"id":"P15_L000600_x27e7u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,673 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $68,673 across 65 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,159.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00817932","date":"2023-06-30","amount":68673,"count":65,"baseline":6159,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817932/"]},{"id":"P19_L000600_3v9re7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nicholas Langworthy campaign paid $789,896 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy's campaign paid 80 disbursements totaling $789,896 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","total":638179.14,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":19920.56,"date":"2016-07-05","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":19575.12,"date":"2014-01-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":17415,"date":"2010-11-30","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","total":63943.29,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":9250,"date":"2025-10-22","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":7658.45,"date":"2025-05-08","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":7261.18,"date":"2025-10-03","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","total":53686.11,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","amount":53686.11,"date":"2009-02-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LANGWORTHY, NICK","total":26502.57,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LANGWORTHY, NICK","amount":9906.73,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT - SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"langworthy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LANGWORTHY, NICK","amount":9444.92,"date":"2026-01-02","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT - SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"langworthy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LANGWORTHY, NICK","amount":7150.92,"date":"2024-10-03","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT - SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"langworthy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER CONULTING LLC","total":7585.31,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONULTING LLC","amount":7585.31,"date":"2016-11-08","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BROGHAMER%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P47_L000600_Community_Oncology_Alliance_116116","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats\". The witness Mr. Ted Okon, MBA (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116116","title":"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats","date":"2023-06-13T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ted Okon, MBA","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116"},{"source":"donor","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_L000600","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $122,968.63","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy received campaign contributions totaling $122,968.63 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TAXPAYERS FOR COMMON SENSE ($11,368.63); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($10,000); NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000); CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC. ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":122968.63,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NEW YORKERS FOR COMMON SENSE","ldaClient":"TAXPAYERS FOR COMMON SENSE","donorTotal":11368.63,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC PAC","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000600","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $68,673 on 2023-06-30 (11.2× normal)","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $68,673 on 2023-06-30 — 11.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":68673,"maxRatio":11.2,"maxAmount":68673},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-30","amount":68673,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":6159,"count":65,"cmteId":"C00817932","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00817932&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817932/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00817932&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"]},{"id":"P138_L000600","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nicholas Langworthy draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.6M PAC / $9.1M total)","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.6M of $9.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.56,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.11,"pacSharePct":39.1,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2NY23228"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY23228/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_L000600","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicholas Langworthy — DW-NOMINATE 0.42 vs NY delegation mean -0.09 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Nicholas Langworthy's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.42) is 1.6 standard deviations from the NY delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NY","memberScore":0.425,"delegationMean":-0.0898086956521739,"zscore":"1.55"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M001228":[{"id":"P2_M001228_opw3jb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $15,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Celeste Maloy serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $15,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":15000,"count":3,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Natural Resources","Appropriations","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Maloy","https://www.deseret.com/politics/2024/12/13/celeste-maloy-approriations-committee-assignments/","https://maloy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_M001228_ef73o6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Celeste Maloy serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Natural Resources","Appropriations","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Maloy","https://www.deseret.com/politics/2024/12/13/celeste-maloy-approriations-committee-assignments/","https://maloy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_M001228_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Celeste Maloy serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Natural Resources","Appropriations","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Maloy","https://www.deseret.com/politics/2024/12/13/celeste-maloy-approriations-committee-assignments/","https://maloy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_M001228_pnc4gt","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATURAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Celeste Maloy serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from NATURAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATURAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Natural Resources","Appropriations","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Maloy","https://www.deseret.com/politics/2024/12/13/celeste-maloy-approriations-committee-assignments/","https://maloy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_M001228_g581ei","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Celeste Maloy serves on committees regulating Energy (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DEVON ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Natural Resources","Appropriations","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Maloy","https://www.deseret.com/politics/2024/12/13/celeste-maloy-approriations-committee-assignments/","https://maloy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_M001228_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Celeste Maloy serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Natural Resources","Appropriations","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Maloy","https://www.deseret.com/politics/2024/12/13/celeste-maloy-approriations-committee-assignments/","https://maloy.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P19_M001228_rw3d1i","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Celeste Maloy campaign paid $151,149 to 21 surname-matched vendors, top: GUIDRY-MALOY GROUP, LLC","explanation":"Celeste Maloy's campaign paid 64 disbursements totaling $151,149 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GUIDRY-MALOY GROUP, LLC","total":32812.5,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GUIDRY-MALOY GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2025-12-16","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GUIDRY-MALOY GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2025-10-14","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GUIDRY-MALOY GROUP, LLC","amount":5250,"date":"2026-01-08","description":"COMPLIANCE REPORTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MALOY, KERRIANNE","total":22020.139999999996,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MALOY, KERRIANNE","amount":1564.63,"date":"2021-01-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MALOY, KERRIANNE","amount":1564.62,"date":"2021-01-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MALOY, KERRIANNE","amount":1494.66,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURLAND AND MALOY","total":17687.5,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BURLAND AND MALOY","amount":13375,"date":"2021-03-16","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BURLAND AND MALOY","amount":4312.5,"date":"2021-05-10","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MALOY, KATIE","total":13926.830000000002,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MALOY, KATIE","amount":6000,"date":"2011-10-19","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MALOY, KATIE","amount":1972.55,"date":"2014-03-21","description":"REIMBURSEMENT:  SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MALOY, KATIE","amount":1919.31,"date":"2014-03-21","description":"MILEAGE","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MALOY, SHANE","total":10000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MALOY, SHANE","amount":2000,"date":"2014-09-01","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MALOY, SHANE","amount":2000,"date":"2014-08-01","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT-CANDIDATE INKIND","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MALOY, SHANE","amount":2000,"date":"2014-07-01","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT-CANDIDATE INKIND","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MALOY, RUDY","total":9192.68,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MALOY, RUDY","amount":5000,"date":"2016-11-22","description":"ASSISTANT CAMPAIGN MANAGER","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MALOY, RUDY","amount":2500,"date":"2012-05-31","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MALOY, RUDY","amount":1692.68,"date":"2012-06-30","description":"MILEAGE TO/FROM EVENTS","surnameMatched":"maloy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GUIDRY-MALOY%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P47_M001228_Taxpayers_for_Common_Sense_118557","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Taxpayers for Common Sense testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Celeste Maloy sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-09-09 held a hearing titled \"Exploring the Economic Potential of the Golden Age of American Energy Dominance\". The witness Ms. Autumn Hanna (Taxpayers for Common Sense) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118557","title":"Exploring the Economic Potential of the Golden Age of American Energy Dominance","date":"2025-09-09T18:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Autumn Hanna","witnessOrg":"Taxpayers for Common Sense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118557"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMON SENSE COMMON SOLUTIONS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMON%20SENSE%20COMMON%20SOLUTIONS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118557","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMON%20SENSE%20COMMON%20SOLUTIONS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_M001228_DEA_Rocky_Mountain_Division_118518","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DEA Rocky Mountain Division testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Celeste Maloy sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-07-22 held a hearing titled \"Examining the Trump Administration’s Work Combatting Transnational Cartels in Indian Country\". The witness Ms. Stacy Zinn (DEA Rocky Mountain Division) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118518","title":"Examining the Trump Administration’s Work Combatting Transnational Cartels in Indian Country","date":"2025-07-22T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Stacy Zinn","witnessOrg":"DEA Rocky Mountain Division","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118518"},{"source":"donor","name":"PACIFICORP-PACIFIC POWER/ROCKY MOUNTAIN POWER PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PACIFICORP-PACIFIC%20POWER%2FROCKY%20MOUNTAIN%20POWER%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118518","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PACIFICORP-PACIFIC%20POWER%2FROCKY%20MOUNTAIN%20POWER%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_M001228_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $15,000 donor","explanation":"Celeste Maloy sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $15,000 in contributions across 3 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":15000,"count":3,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_M001228_Rocky_Mountain_Elk_Foundation_115529","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Celeste Maloy sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"Legislative hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n•\tH.R. 200 (Rep. Rosendale), “Forest Information Reform (FIR) Act”; \r\n•\tH…\". The witness Mr. Ryan Bronson (Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"115529","title":"Legislative hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n•\tH.R. 200 (Rep. Rosendale), “Forest Information Reform (FIR) Act”; \r\n•\tH.R. 1473 (Rep. Peters), “Targeting and Offsetting Existing Illegal Contaminants Act”; \r\n•\tH.R. 1567 (Rep. Tiffany), “Accurately Counting Risk Elimination Solutions (ACRES) Act”; and\r\n•\tH.R. 1586 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Forest Protection and Wildland Firefighter Safety Act of 2023”","date":"2023-03-23T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ryan Bronson","witnessOrg":"Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115529"},{"source":"donor","name":"PACIFICORP-PACIFIC POWER/ROCKY MOUNTAIN POWER PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PACIFICORP-PACIFIC%20POWER%2FROCKY%20MOUNTAIN%20POWER%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115529","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PACIFICORP-PACIFIC%20POWER%2FROCKY%20MOUNTAIN%20POWER%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_M001228_Rocky_Mountain_Elk_Foundation_116892","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Celeste Maloy sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2024-03-06 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on H.R. 7408 (Rep. Westerman) \"America's Wildlife Habitat Conservation Act\".\". The witness Mr. Ryan Bronson (Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116892","title":"Legislative Hearing on H.R. 7408 (Rep. Westerman) \"America's Wildlife Habitat Conservation Act\".","date":"2024-03-06T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ryan Bronson","witnessOrg":"Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116892"},{"source":"donor","name":"PACIFICORP-PACIFIC POWER/ROCKY MOUNTAIN POWER PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PACIFICORP-PACIFIC%20POWER%2FROCKY%20MOUNTAIN%20POWER%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116892","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PACIFICORP-PACIFIC%20POWER%2FROCKY%20MOUNTAIN%20POWER%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_M001228","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $165,000","explanation":"Celeste Maloy received campaign contributions totaling $165,000 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 19 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($20,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($20,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($15,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":165000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001228","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Celeste Maloy's campaign paid $24,375 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: BURLAND AND MALOY ($13,375)","explanation":"Celeste Maloy's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $24,375 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BURLAND AND MALOY ($13,375 across 1 payments, services: COMPLIANCE CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":24375,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BURLAND AND MALOY","total":13375,"count":1,"descriptions":["COMPLIANCE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MALOY, KATIE","total":6000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"MALOY, RUDY","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["ASSISTANT CAMPAIGN MANAGER"]}],"surname":"maloy"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4UT02296&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001228","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Celeste Maloy draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.7M PAC / $5.6M total)","explanation":"Celeste Maloy's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.7M of $5.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.58,"pacSharePct":48.1,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4UT02296"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4UT02296/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001101":[{"id":"P2_H001101_btof15","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Pat Harrigan serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Harrigan","http://harrigan.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001101"]},{"id":"P6_H001101_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$413,616 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $413,616 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 35 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":413615.59999999986,"oppose":0,"events":35}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_H001101_tw2bwh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$264,642 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND","explanation":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND) spent $264,642 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00772152","name":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND)","support":264642,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772152/"]},{"id":"P6_H001101_wu79ix","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$262,370 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSIN","explanation":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS/ SAVE AMERICAS FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST spent $262,370 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00101105","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS/ SAVE AMERICAS FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":262370,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00101105/"]},{"id":"P11_H001101_z51hw7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $1,928,434 in itemized individual contributions, $1,340,025 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1928434,"buckets":{"$200 and under":18422,"$200.01-$499":73510,"$500-$999":178332,"$1000-$1999":318145,"$2000 and over":1340025},"megaShare":69.5,"smallDonorShare":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001101_ost6u5","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pat Harrigan campaign paid $304,698 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: HARRIGAN, LINDA","explanation":"Pat Harrigan's campaign paid 31 disbursements totaling $304,698 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIGAN, LINDA","total":190000,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIGAN, LINDA","amount":18000,"date":"2006-09-22","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harrigan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"HARRIGAN, LINDA","amount":18000,"date":"2007-09-27","description":"PAC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harrigan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HARRIGAN, LINDA","amount":12000,"date":"2005-09-27","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"harrigan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMICHAEL COMMUNICATIONS GROUP","total":62230,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMICHAEL COMMUNICATIONS GROUP","amount":62230,"date":"2021-01-28","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCT: MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIGAN, KELLY N","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIGAN, KELLY N","amount":10000,"date":"2020-04-06","description":"GENERAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harrigan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","total":8000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":3000,"date":"2004-06-02","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":3000,"date":"2004-07-01","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":2000,"date":"2004-05-04","description":"BONUS","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIGAN, RAQUEL","total":7493.5,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIGAN, RAQUEL","amount":7493.5,"date":"2025-12-09","description":"MILEAGE","surnameMatched":"harrigan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMICHAEL, ANDFREW","total":5800,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, ANDFREW","amount":5800,"date":"2022-10-23","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HARRIGAN"]},{"id":"P26_H001101_b7jgno","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 20 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Pat Harrigan's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"French Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc., New York","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce of Chicago","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Dominican Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_H001101","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,000","explanation":"Pat Harrigan received campaign contributions totaling $90,000 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000); ERNST & YOUNG LLP ($5,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":90000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_H001101","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pat Harrigan's campaign paid $207,494 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: HARRIGAN, LINDA ($190,000)","explanation":"Pat Harrigan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 20 payments totaling $207,494 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HARRIGAN, LINDA ($190,000 across 18 payments, services: FUNDRAISING CONSULTING · PAC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING · FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":207493.5,"paymentCount":20,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HARRIGAN, LINDA","total":190000,"count":18,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","PAC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"HARRIGAN, KELLY N","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["GENERAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"HARRIGAN, RAQUEL","total":7493.5,"count":1,"descriptions":["MILEAGE"]}],"surname":"harrigan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NC13243&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P195_H001101","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pat Harrigan — DW-NOMINATE 0.97 vs NC delegation mean 0.15 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Pat Harrigan's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.97) is 1.9 standard deviations from the NC delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NC","memberScore":0.975,"delegationMean":0.15286206896551724,"zscore":"1.88"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001318":[{"id":"P2_B001318_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $68,700 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Becca Balint serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology) and received $68,700 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":68700,"count":21,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Accountability","Budget","Judiciary","Judiciary","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becca_Balint","https://www.wamc.org/news/2023-01-27/congresswoman-becca-balint-announces-committee-assignment","https://legisletter.org/legislator/becca-balint-B001318/committees"]},{"id":"P2_B001318_c8t3f4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE PAC (AA gave $6,500 — member sits on Legal-regulating committee","explanation":"Becca Balint serves on committees regulating Legal (Legal, Technology) and received $6,500 from AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE PAC (AAJ PAC), a Legal PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE PAC (AAJ PAC)","total":6500,"count":2,"industry":"Legal"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Accountability","Budget","Judiciary","Judiciary","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becca_Balint","https://www.wamc.org/news/2023-01-27/congresswoman-becca-balint-announces-committee-assignment","https://legisletter.org/legislator/becca-balint-B001318/committees"]},{"id":"P2_B001318_gpkr00","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INT'L SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Becca Balint serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from INT'L SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INT'L SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Accountability","Budget","Judiciary","Judiciary","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becca_Balint","https://www.wamc.org/news/2023-01-27/congresswoman-becca-balint-announces-committee-assignment","https://legisletter.org/legislator/becca-balint-B001318/committees"]},{"id":"P2_B001318_j62px3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CWA - COPE PCC gave $3,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Becca Balint serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology) and received $3,500 from CWA - COPE PCC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CWA - COPE PCC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Accountability","Budget","Judiciary","Judiciary","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becca_Balint","https://www.wamc.org/news/2023-01-27/congresswoman-becca-balint-announces-committee-assignment","https://legisletter.org/legislator/becca-balint-B001318/committees"]},{"id":"P6_B001318_vb4h5i","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$991,911 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LGBTQ Victory Fund Federal PAC","explanation":"LGBTQ Victory Fund Federal PAC spent $991,911 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00476978","name":"LGBTQ Victory Fund Federal PAC","support":991911.1599999999,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476978/"]},{"id":"P6_B001318_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$544,800 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICA","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $544,800 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":544800,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P19_B001318_g4yqy4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Becca Balint campaign paid $10,817,191 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","explanation":"Becca Balint's campaign paid 62 disbursements totaling $10,817,191 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","total":2780445.6000000006,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":1771360.21,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":286699.87,"date":"2006-01-26","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":197511.77,"date":"2005-05-19","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","total":1513553.55,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":398344.77,"date":"2004-08-19","description":"CONVENTION CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":333683.66,"date":"2020-08-14","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":212500,"date":"2016-04-12","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","total":1274004.2,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":266585.71,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":187368.24,"date":"2023-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":145123.55,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"TRANSFER NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","total":1133500.5,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":110600,"date":"2017-05-25","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":109000,"date":"2020-08-22","description":"DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":104937.31,"date":"2016-08-12","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","total":1095529.42,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":564559.42,"date":"2011-06-28","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":400920,"date":"2011-09-14","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":130050,"date":"2011-09-14","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","total":953642.3799999999,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":348822.6,"date":"2024-06-27","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":230730.8,"date":"2024-01-20","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":192150,"date":"2008-07-23","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WILLIAMS%20AND%20CONNOLLY%20LLP"]},{"id":"P27_B001318_snfu80","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"MAY JENNIFER\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00785899","name":"EQUALITY PROJECT PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00772848","name":"NO VOTE LEFT BEHIND PAC","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00845412","name":"EQUALITY PROJECT 2024","treasurer":"MAY JENNIFER"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_B001318_International_Union_of_Painter_118767","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Union of Painters and Allied Trades testified before House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Becca Balint sits on House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement, which on 2025-12-17 held a hearing titled \"“The Impacts of Temporary Protected Status”\". The witness Mr. James Williams (International Union of Painters and Allied Trades) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement","eventId":"118767","title":"“The Impacts of Temporary Protected Status”","date":"2025-12-17T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Williams","witnessOrg":"International Union of Painters and Allied Trades","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118767"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118767","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_B001318","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $30,000","explanation":"Becca Balint received campaign contributions totaling $30,000 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($5,000); FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":30000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_B001318","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Becca Balint's PAC funding concentrates 62% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Becca Balint's PAC donors concentrate 62% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":62.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2VT01076/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"V000131":[{"id":"P2_V000131_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $52,800 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $52,800 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":52800,"count":16,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_4xetcp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SMART TD PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SMART TD PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SMART TD PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_yfz8p0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEMPRA ENERGY gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SEMPRA ENERGY, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEMPRA ENERGY","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_ee9jbw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLO gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"US ENERGY PAC (THE PAC OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION COUNCIL, INC.)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_fs1gm7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_vy544o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_woio11","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION COALITION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION COALITION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_jw11ku","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from AT&T INC. FEDERAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC. FEDERAL PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_4ipjxf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION gave $4,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE- FEDERAL, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE- FEDERAL","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_V000131_pqr9o3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"NRG ENERGY INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE gave $3,500 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Marc Veasey serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,500 from NRG ENERGY INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NRG ENERGY INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://veasey.house.gov/legislation/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Veasey","https://veasey.house.gov/issues/energy-and-environment?page=1"]},{"id":"P9_V000131_4zs5kq","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$41,532 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $41,532 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":41532.299999999996,"oppose":0,"net":41532.299999999996,"events":34,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":36461.06,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":2842,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":1809.04,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001706","name":"TEXAS STATE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION-NEA","support":281.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEEL, PAPER AND FORESTRY, RUBBER, MANUFACTURING, ENERGY, ALLIED INDUSTRIAL AND SER","support":138.48,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_V000131_8zl68a","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $636,691 / spent $600,590","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00562330","cmteName":"MAKING A REAL CHANGE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":35250,"totalDisbursements":31476,"cashOnHand":3773.96},{"cmteId":"C00562330","cmteName":"MAKING A REAL CHANGE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":52500,"totalDisbursements":44699.7,"cashOnHand":11574.3},{"cmteId":"C00562330","cmteName":"MAKING A REAL CHANGE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":82500,"totalDisbursements":59383.5,"cashOnHand":34690.78},{"cmteId":"C00562330","cmteName":"MAKING A REAL CHANGE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":108015,"totalDisbursements":123374.3,"cashOnHand":19331.52},{"cmteId":"C00562330","cmteName":"MAKING A REAL CHANGE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":135032.8,"totalDisbursements":99342.6,"cashOnHand":55021.72}],"totalRaised":636690.8,"totalSpent":600590.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_V000131_jro2ig","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marc Veasey campaign paid $693,886 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: MAVROMATIS, DOTTI","explanation":"Marc Veasey's campaign paid 97 disbursements totaling $693,886 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAVROMATIS, DOTTI","total":535390.58,"count":74,"samples":[{"payee":"MAVROMATIS, DOTTI","amount":30000,"date":"2024-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MAVROMATIS, DOTTI","amount":19585.1,"date":"2019-07-02","description":"FUNDRAISING AND EVENT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MAVROMATIS, DOTTI","amount":18000,"date":"2022-09-09","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOTTI MAVROMATIS","total":81427.97,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"DOTTI MAVROMATIS","amount":16427.97,"date":"2023-03-14","description":"REIMBURSEMENT FOR FUNDRAISING EVENT","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DOTTI MAVROMATIS","amount":15000,"date":"2023-07-28","description":"FUNDRAISER CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DOTTI MAVROMATIS","amount":5000,"date":"2024-01-04","description":"FUNDRAISER CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAVROMATIS, DOTTI MS.","total":35067.55,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAVROMATIS, DOTTI MS.","amount":12575.97,"date":"2015-11-02","description":"REIMBURSEMENTS FOR FUNDRAISING EXPENSES (SEE MEMO)","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MAVROMATIS, DOTTI MS.","amount":9000,"date":"2013-04-18","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MAVROMATIS, DOTTI MS.","amount":8000,"date":"2017-04-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOTTIE MAVROMATIS","total":20000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DOTTIE MAVROMATIS","amount":5000,"date":"2008-03-04","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DOTTIE MAVROMATIS","amount":5000,"date":"2008-01-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DOTTIE MAVROMATIS","amount":5000,"date":"2008-05-16","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MS. DOTTI MAVROMATIS","total":12000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MS. DOTTI MAVROMATIS","amount":12000,"date":"2008-09-29","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"mavromatis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VEASEY, MARC ALLISON","total":10000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"VEASEY, MARC ALLISON","amount":5000,"date":"2015-10-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"veasey","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"VEASEY, MARC ALLISON","amount":5000,"date":"2014-09-09","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"veasey","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MAVROMATIS"]},{"id":"P61_V000131","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $153,600","explanation":"Marc Veasey received campaign contributions totaling $153,600 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($13,600); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTW ($10,000); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":153600,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU FRIENDS OF AGRICULTURE FUND (AGFUND) INC. (TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND)","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":13600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE PAC","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_V000131","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marc Veasey draws 60% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.0M PAC / $23.3M total)","explanation":"Marc Veasey's FEC-bulk record shows 60% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.0M of $23.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.95,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.34,"pacSharePct":59.8,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2TX33073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX33073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_V000131","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marc Veasey's PAC funding concentrates 41% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Marc Veasey's PAC donors concentrate 41% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Real Estate $0.01M · Finance $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":41.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Real Estate":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX33073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"L000557":[{"id":"P2_L000557_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_nip3si","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CVS HEALTH PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from CVS HEALTH PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CVS HEALTH PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_ob31pb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_6xoux","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LPL FINANCIAL LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from LPL FINANCIAL LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (LPL PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LPL FINANCIAL LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (LPL PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_ins7s7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMP gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_u8cnsf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_d4tzes","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_lqpqcf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION BANKPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION BANKPAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION BANKPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_nly8wz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION I gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION INC PODIATRY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION INC PODIATRY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_mn9vw3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SYNCPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SYNCPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_1iyng3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPA gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_o7bxr4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE AS gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_8ho51b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_L000557_ecc05d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"John Larson serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Larson","https://goldwaterscholarship.gov/representative-john-larson/","http://larson.house.gov/about/congressman-larsons-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P9_L000557_gt1756","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,318 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,318 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13317.650000000001,"oppose":0,"net":13317.650000000001,"events":24,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":3813.88,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":3228.48,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":2759,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":2096.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004239","name":"LOCAL 32BJ S E I U AFL-CIO","support":738.8,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000557_e58qpe","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,144,135 / spent $3,095,809","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00409623","cmteName":"SYNERGY PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":598291,"totalDisbursements":550360.2,"cashOnHand":73061.7},{"cmteId":"C00409623","cmteName":"SYNERGY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":466750,"totalDisbursements":434273.1,"cashOnHand":105538.56},{"cmteId":"C00409623","cmteName":"SYNERGY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":405700,"totalDisbursements":432660.2,"cashOnHand":78578.38},{"cmteId":"C00409623","cmteName":"SYNERGY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":447150,"totalDisbursements":435479.2,"cashOnHand":90249.21},{"cmteId":"C00409623","cmteName":"SYNERGY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":330250,"totalDisbursements":355256.2,"cashOnHand":65243.04}],"totalRaised":3144134.7,"totalSpent":3095809.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000557_TMO_2019-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-12-12 and 2019-12-18, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2019-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"L000557","name":"John Larson"}],"span":"2019-12-12 to 2019-12-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000557_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Larson executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Relating to Withholding and Reporting Tax on Certain U.S. Source Income Paid to Foreign Persons","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Relating to Withholding and Reporting Tax on Certain U.S. Source Income Paid to Foreign Persons","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000557_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Larson executed 4 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSNC","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; North Atlantic Swordfish Fishery","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; North Atlantic Swordfish Fishery","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000557_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Larson executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety-Related Railroad Employees","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Railroad Administration","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000557_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Larson executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties for Inflation; Continuation of Effectiveness and ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_L000557_fcvs9","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Larson campaign paid $15,540,824 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST-DCI","explanation":"John Larson's campaign paid 98 disbursements totaling $15,540,824 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST-DCI","total":6341150.4700000025,"count":50,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST-DCI","amount":352006.3,"date":"2005-11-17","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST-DCI","amount":272990.66,"date":"2006-11-16","description":"PHONING COST","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST-DCI","amount":270000,"date":"2005-09-29","description":"WEBSITE CONVERSION","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST","total":4532853.140000001,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST","amount":1222685.3,"date":"2004-11-11","description":"MESSAGE PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST","amount":421754.5,"date":"2004-06-24","description":"MESSAGE PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST","amount":362332.02,"date":"2004-10-19","description":"MESSAGE PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST","total":1626422.3,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST","amount":182419.5,"date":"2004-11-12","description":"GOTV CONTACT CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST","amount":181449.6,"date":"2006-01-03","description":"TELEMARKETING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST","amount":161852,"date":"2006-09-25","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST ARIZONA","total":759815.77,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST ARIZONA","amount":374431.08,"date":"2004-09-08","description":"MESSAGE PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST ARIZONA","amount":197282.5,"date":"2004-08-11","description":"MESSAGE PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST ARIZONA","amount":188102.19,"date":"2004-07-28","description":"MESSAGE PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","total":491832.25,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","amount":398171.12,"date":"2004-11-01","description":"EXEMPT VOTER TURNOUT CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","amount":93661.13,"date":"2004-10-25","description":"EXEMPT - VOTER TURNOUT CALLS","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST, LLC","total":465000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST, LLC","amount":241983,"date":"2006-11-03","description":"PHONEBANK SERVICES","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST, LLC","amount":223017,"date":"2006-11-07","description":"PHONEBANK SERVICES","surnameMatched":"larson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FEATHER%20LARSON%20SYNHORST-DCI"]},{"id":"P20_L000557_a69m7m","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"John Larson sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ILMN","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":1315096.7,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000557","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"John Larson has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_L000557_The_Home_Depot_117588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"John Larson sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-08-16 held a hearing titled \"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest\". The witness Karen Dewalt (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117588","title":"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest","date":"2024-08-16T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Karen Dewalt","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588"},{"source":"donor","name":"HOME DEPOT INC BETTER GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE;THE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"GA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HOME%20DEPOT%20INC%20BETTER%20GOVERNMENT%20COMMITTEE%3BTHE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HOME%20DEPOT%20INC%20BETTER%20GOVERNMENT%20COMMITTEE%3BTHE"]},{"id":"P47_L000557_Social_Security_Works_117141","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Social Security Works testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"John Larson sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security, which on 2024-04-16 held a hearing titled \"Social Security Subcommittee Hearing on the Windfall Elimination Provision and Government Pension Offset\". The witness Nancy Altman (Social Security Works) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security","eventId":"117141","title":"Social Security Subcommittee Hearing on the Windfall Elimination Provision and Government Pension Offset","date":"2024-04-16T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Nancy Altman","witnessOrg":"Social Security Works","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117141"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY CLAIMANTS' REPRESENTATIVES PAC AKA NOSSCR PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NJ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ORGANIZATION%20OF%20SOCIAL%20SECURITY%20CLAIMANTS'%20REPRESENTATIVES%20PAC%20AKA%20NOSSCR%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117141","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ORGANIZATION%20OF%20SOCIAL%20SECURITY%20CLAIMANTS'%20REPRESENTATIVES%20PAC%20AKA%20NOSSCR%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000557_National_Organization_of_Socia_116515","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Organization of Social Security Claimants' Representatives testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"John Larson sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security, which on 2023-10-26 held a hearing titled \"One Million Claims and Growing: Improving Social Security's Adjudication Process\". The witness David Camp (National Organization of Social Security Claimants' Representatives) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security","eventId":"116515","title":"One Million Claims and Growing: Improving Social Security's Adjudication Process","date":"2023-10-26T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"David Camp","witnessOrg":"National Organization of Social Security Claimants' Representatives","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116515"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY CLAIMANTS' REPRESENTATIVES PAC AKA NOSSCR PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NJ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ORGANIZATION%20OF%20SOCIAL%20SECURITY%20CLAIMANTS'%20REPRESENTATIVES%20PAC%20AKA%20NOSSCR%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116515","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ORGANIZATION%20OF%20SOCIAL%20SECURITY%20CLAIMANTS'%20REPRESENTATIVES%20PAC%20AKA%20NOSSCR%20PAC"]},{"id":"P52_L000557_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"John Larson executed 1 reported trade in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"HOME DEPOT INC BETTER GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE;THE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-18"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"HOME DEPOT INC BETTER GOVERNMENT COMMITTEE;THE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HOME%20DEPOT%20INC%20BETTER%20GOVERNMENT%20COMMITTEE%3BTHE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HOME%20DEPOT%20INC%20BETTER%20GOVERNMENT%20COMMITTEE%3BTHE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_L000557","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $227,125","explanation":"John Larson received campaign contributions totaling $227,125 from 33 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 30 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($22,125); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AD ($10,000); GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":33,"totalDollars":227125,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":22125,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GUARDIAN LIFE PAC)","ldaClient":"GUARDIAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_L000557_2019-12-18","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"28 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2019-12-18 — 28 unique tickers","explanation":"John Larson executed 28 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2019-12-18 to 2019-12-18), spanning 28 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2019-12-18","windowEnd":"2019-12-18","tradeCount":28,"uniqueTickers":28,"totalDisclosedTrades":29,"sampleTickers":["MA","ILMN","DHR","JPM","IQV","NSRGY","SSNC","PBCT","FTV","HD"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000557","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Larson appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (15); reg rule trade proximity (4); hearing witness donor (3); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":15},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000557","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_L000557","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Larson's campaign paid $14,984,375 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST-DCI ($6,341,150)","explanation":"John Larson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 95 payments totaling $14,984,375 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST-DCI ($6,341,150 across 50 payments, services: POLITICAL CONSULTING · PHONING COST · WEBSITE CONVERSION). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":14984375.280000001,"paymentCount":95,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST-DCI","total":6341150.4700000025,"count":50,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONSULTING","PHONING COST","WEBSITE CONVERSION"]},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST","total":4532853.140000001,"count":20,"descriptions":["MESSAGE PHONE CALLS","GOTV CALLS","GOTV MESSAGES - MENTIONS OBAMA AND MCCAIN"]},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON SYNHORST","total":1626422.3,"count":13,"descriptions":["GOTV CONTACT CALLS","TELEMARKETING EXPENSE","DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"FEATHER LARSON & SYNHORST ARIZONA","total":759815.77,"count":3,"descriptions":["MESSAGE PHONE CALLS"]},{"payee":"FEATHER HODGES LARSON & SYNHORST","total":491832.25,"count":2,"descriptions":["EXEMPT VOTER TURNOUT CALLS","EXEMPT - VOTER TURNOUT CALLS"]}],"surname":"larson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CT01046&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_L000557","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Larson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.5M across 29 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"John Larson's FEC-bulk record shows $24.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 29 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $43.1M (PAC: $24.5M, individual: $18.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.53,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.14,"lifetimeIndividualM":18.12,"cycleCount":29,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8CT01046"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CT01046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_L000557","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Larson draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.5M PAC / $43.1M total)","explanation":"John Larson's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.5M of $43.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.53,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.14,"pacSharePct":56.9,"cycleCount":29,"fecId":"H8CT01046"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CT01046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_L000557","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Larson's PAC funding concentrates 70% in Technology ($0.26M / $0.37M classified)","explanation":"John Larson's PAC donors concentrate 70% in the Technology industry — $0.26M of $0.37M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.26M · Healthcare $0.03M · Finance $0.03M · Labor $0.02M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.26,"totalPacAmountM":0.37,"concentrationPct":70.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.26,"Healthcare":0.03,"Finance":0.03,"Labor":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Pharma":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CT01046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P178_L000557_2019-12-18","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Larson — 28 trades on 2019-12-18","explanation":"John Larson disclosed 28 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2019-12-18). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2019-12-18","count":28}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000483":[{"id":"P2_F000483_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $104,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Laura Friedman serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $104,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":104000,"count":31,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://friedman.house.gov/media/press-releases/release-rep-friedman-appointed-house-committee-transportation-infrastructure","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000483","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/laura-friedman/"]},{"id":"P2_F000483_8eqgob","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION WORK gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Laura Friedman serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://friedman.house.gov/media/press-releases/release-rep-friedman-appointed-house-committee-transportation-infrastructure","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000483","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/laura-friedman/"]},{"id":"P2_F000483_ujobsa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRI gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Laura Friedman serves on committees regulating Transportation (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://friedman.house.gov/media/press-releases/release-rep-friedman-appointed-house-committee-transportation-infrastructure","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000483","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/laura-friedman/"]},{"id":"P6_F000483_tfikf4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$327,101 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fighting for Californians","explanation":"Fighting for Californians spent $327,101 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00865246","name":"Fighting for Californians","support":327100.52,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00865246/"]},{"id":"P6_F000483_t06x8g","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$312,358 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from STRONGER ILLINOIS PAC","explanation":"STRONGER ILLINOIS PAC spent $312,358 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00931048","name":"STRONGER ILLINOIS PAC","support":312358.21,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00931048/"]},{"id":"P19_F000483_9bh5ll","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Laura Friedman campaign paid $2,664,148 to 32 surname-matched vendors, top: CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP","explanation":"Laura Friedman's campaign paid 137 disbursements totaling $2,664,148 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP","total":972336.3099999999,"count":46,"samples":[{"payee":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP","amount":62000,"date":"2023-05-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP","amount":60000,"date":"2018-11-29","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP","amount":36205.5,"date":"2022-02-14","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP LLC","total":821099.49,"count":35,"samples":[{"payee":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP LLC","amount":50734,"date":"2018-07-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP LLC","amount":50734,"date":"2018-08-14","description":"REISSUED CHECK; FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP LLC","amount":40000,"date":"2019-05-08","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRESS & FRIEDMAN","total":391930.79,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRESS & FRIEDMAN","amount":322614.29,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRESS & FRIEDMAN","amount":69316.5,"date":"2016-07-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRIEDMAN, PHILIP","total":180000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FRIEDMAN, PHILIP","amount":180000,"date":"2020-07-28","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRIEDMAN, ALISON","total":43100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FRIEDMAN, ALISON","amount":43100,"date":"2017-06-05","description":"IN-KIND POLLING SERVICES, SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"friedman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BRIAN","total":35440.66,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2016-07-27","description":"ENTERTAINMENT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":4048.9,"date":"2018-02-22","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":3924.65,"date":"2018-02-14","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CHRACA%20FRIEDMAN%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P42_F000483_DIS_20250826","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Laura Friedman sell $DIS 1 day after a corporate insider (Coleman Sonia L  (CIK 0001969984)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Coleman Sonia L  (CIK 0001969984)","filingDate":"2025-08-25","adsh":"0001969984-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_F000483_Transport_Workers_Union_of_Ame_117944","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Laura Friedman sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"\". The witness Mr. Andre Sutton (Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117944","title":"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andre Sutton","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944"},{"source":"donor","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRANSPORT%20WORKERS%20UNION%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRANSPORT%20WORKERS%20UNION%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000483_International_Brotherhood_of_T_117941","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Laura Friedman sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: How Trucking Supports American Communities\"\". The witness Mr. Cole Scandaglia (International Brotherhood of Teamsters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"117941","title":"\"America Builds: How Trucking Supports American Communities\"","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cole Scandaglia","witnessOrg":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117941"},{"source":"donor","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117941","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"]},{"id":"P47_F000483_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115276","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Laura Friedman sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure","eventId":"115276","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Enhancing America’s Gold Standard in Aviation Safety","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115276","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000483_Transport_Workers_Union_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Laura Friedman sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Gary Peterson (Transport Workers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Gary Peterson","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRANSPORT%20WORKERS%20UNION%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRANSPORT%20WORKERS%20UNION%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000483_International_Brotherhood_of_T_115824","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Laura Friedman sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Freight Forward: Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America\". The witness Mr. Cole Scandaglia (International Brotherhood of Teamsters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"115824","title":"Freight Forward: Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America","date":"2023-05-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cole Scandaglia","witnessOrg":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115824"},{"source":"donor","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115824","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"]},{"id":"P47_F000483_Air_Line_Pilots_Association_In_115681","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Air Line Pilots Association, International testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Laura Friedman sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce\". The witness Captain Jason Ambrosi (Air Line Pilots Association, International) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115681","title":"FAA Reauthorization: \r\nExamining the Current and Future Challenges Facing the Aerospace Workforce","date":"2023-04-19T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jason Ambrosi","witnessOrg":"Air Line Pilots Association, International","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115681","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIR%20LINE%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATION%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_F000483","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $61,600","explanation":"Laura Friedman received campaign contributions totaling $61,600 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); SANTA ROSA JUNIOR COLLEGE ($6,600); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($5,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":61600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SANTA ROSA RANCHERIA","ldaClient":"SANTA ROSA JUNIOR COLLEGE","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SHEET METAL AIR RAIL TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_F000483","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Laura Friedman's campaign paid $1,500,214 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP ($954,528)","explanation":"Laura Friedman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 53 payments totaling $1,500,214 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP ($954,528 across 45 payments, services: FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING · CONSULTING - FUNDRAISING). Cycles covered: 2014, 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1500214.05,"paymentCount":53,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CHRACA FRIEDMAN GROUP","total":954528.3099999999,"count":45,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","CONSULTING - FUNDRAISING"]},{"payee":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRESS & FRIEDMAN","total":391930.79,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CRAIG FRIEDMAN PRODUCTION","total":33130.9,"count":1,"descriptions":["EQUIPMENT"]},{"payee":"FRIEDMAN, STEFAN","total":30000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"LAW OFFICES OF TODD M. FRIEDMAN","total":25000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"friedman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA30149&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_F000483","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Laura Friedman's PAC funding concentrates 71% in Technology ($0.11M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Laura Friedman's PAC donors concentrate 71% in the Technology industry — $0.11M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.11M · Labor $0.02M · Transportation $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.11,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":70.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.11,"Labor":0.02,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA30149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"D000635":[{"id":"P2_D000635_qydrvz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIAT gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxine Dexter serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://dexter.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses-0","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Dexter","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maxine-dexter/"]},{"id":"P2_D000635_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxine Dexter serves on committees regulating Defense (Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://dexter.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses-0","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Dexter","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maxine-dexter/"]},{"id":"P2_D000635_kco5sz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxine Dexter serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://dexter.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses-0","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Dexter","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maxine-dexter/"]},{"id":"P2_D000635_d4tzes","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxine Dexter serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://dexter.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses-0","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Dexter","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maxine-dexter/"]},{"id":"P2_D000635_krakom","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OB-GYNS PAC (OB-GYN  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxine Dexter serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OB-GYNS PAC (OB-GYN PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OB-GYNS PAC (OB-GYN PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://dexter.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses-0","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Dexter","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maxine-dexter/"]},{"id":"P2_D000635_oqbv0s","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES I gave $4,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxine Dexter serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense, Healthcare) and received $4,000 from AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES INC PAC; AKA ACP SERVICES PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES INC PAC; AKA ACP SERVICES PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["http://dexter.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses-0","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Dexter","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/maxine-dexter/"]},{"id":"P6_D000635_ufagyl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,212,990 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from 314 Action Fund (also direct donor)","explanation":"314 Action Fund spent $2,212,990 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00633248","name":"314 Action Fund","support":2212990,"oppose":0,"events":8},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"314 ACTION FUND","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633248/"]},{"id":"P19_D000635_4su7o3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maxine Dexter campaign paid $298,520 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: DEXTER, LINDA R","explanation":"Maxine Dexter's campaign paid 98 disbursements totaling $298,520 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DEXTER, LINDA R","total":120653.75,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"DEXTER, LINDA R","amount":5000,"date":"2010-01-28","description":"BOOKKEEPING/FEC COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DEXTER, LINDA R","amount":4815,"date":"2008-11-03","description":"BOOKKEEPING SERVICE","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DEXTER, LINDA R","amount":4550,"date":"2010-03-31","description":"BOOKKEEPING/FEC COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DEXTER CAMPAIGNS","total":27500,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"DEXTER CAMPAIGNS","amount":4560,"date":"2016-05-03","description":"CONSULTANT/FEC COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DEXTER CAMPAIGNS","amount":4395,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"CONSULTANT/FEC COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DEXTER CAMPAIGNS","amount":3480,"date":"2016-10-04","description":"CONSULTANT/FEC COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STRONG, DEXTER D","total":27000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"STRONG, DEXTER D","amount":3000,"date":"2018-11-13","description":"CONSULTING FEES - TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONS","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"STRONG, DEXTER D","amount":3000,"date":"2018-10-30","description":"CONSULTING FEES - TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONS","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"STRONG, DEXTER D","amount":3000,"date":"2018-10-01","description":"CONSULTING FEES - TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LEHTINEN, DEXTER","total":26494,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LEHTINEN, DEXTER","amount":15000,"date":"2004-11-29","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN FOR RADIO ADS","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"LEHTINEN, DEXTER","amount":7270,"date":"2004-12-09","description":"LOAN PAYOFF","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"LEHTINEN, DEXTER","amount":4224,"date":"2004-08-19","description":"REIMBURSE PREPAID BANQUET EXPENCE","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DEXTER, DAVID","total":12600,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DEXTER, DAVID","amount":12600,"date":"2020-08-31","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STRONG, DEXTER","total":12000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"STRONG, DEXTER","amount":3000,"date":"2017-09-13","description":"CONSULTING FEES - TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"STRONG, DEXTER","amount":3000,"date":"2017-11-28","description":"CONSULTING FEES - TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"STRONG, DEXTER","amount":3000,"date":"2017-10-27","description":"CONSULTING FEES - TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL","surnameMatched":"dexter","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DEXTER"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_National_Guard_Association_of__118977","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Guard Association of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs, which on 2026-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Joint House and Senate Legislative Presentation of The American Legion\r\n& Multi VSOs: \r\nParalyzed Veterans of America, A…\". The witness Major General Frank McGinn (National Guard Association of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs","eventId":"118977","title":"Joint House and Senate Legislative Presentation of The American Legion\r\n& Multi VSOs: \r\nParalyzed Veterans of America, AMVETS, National Association of State Directors of \r\nVeteran Affairs, Wounded Warrior Project, Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors, \r\nNational Guard Association of the United States, Mission Roll Call","date":"2026-03-04T14:45:00Z","witnessName":"Major General Frank McGinn","witnessOrg":"National Guard Association of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118977"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118977","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_118907","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, which on 2026-02-03 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1004, Love Lives on Act of 2025; H.R. 1685, Justice for \r\nALS Veterans of 2025; H.R. 2164, …\". The witness Ms. Nancy Springer (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs","eventId":"118907","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1004, Love Lives on Act of 2025; H.R. 1685, Justice for \r\nALS Veterans of 2025; H.R. 2164, Dayton National Cemetery Expansion Act of 2025; \r\nH.R. 6698, Board of Veterans Appeals Annual Report Transparency Act of 2025; H.R. \r\n6943, Veterans Burial Allowance and Reimbursement Act of 2026; Discussion Draft, \r\nNational Cemetery Administration Annual Report Act of 2026; H.R. 4469, PRESUME \r\nAct; H.R. 5723, FRAUD in VA Disability Exam Act; H.R. 5339, Susan E. Lukas 9/11 \r\nServicemember Fairness Act","date":"2026-02-03T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Nancy Springer","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118907"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118907","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_117839","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, which on 2025-01-23 held a hearing titled \"Correcting VA’s Violations of Veterans’ Due Process and Second Amendment Rights\". The witness Ms. Nancy Springer (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs","eventId":"117839","title":"Correcting VA’s Violations of Veterans’ Due Process and Second Amendment Rights","date":"2025-01-23T18:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Nancy Springer","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117839"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117839","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_117407","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW) testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, which on 2024-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Does a Total Disability Rating Based on Individual Unemployability (TDIU) Properly Compensate Today’s Veterans?\". The witness Mr. Michael S. Figlioli (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs","eventId":"117407","title":"Does a Total Disability Rating Based on Individual Unemployability (TDIU) Properly Compensate Today’s Veterans?","date":"2024-06-12T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Michael S. Figlioli","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117407"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117407","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_117069","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW) testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, which on 2024-04-10 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1083, Caring for Survivors Act of 2023; H.R. 2911, Fairness for Servicemembers and their Fa…\". The witness Mr. Christopher Macinkowicz (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs","eventId":"117069","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1083, Caring for Survivors Act of 2023; H.R. 2911, Fairness for Servicemembers and their Families Act of 2023; H.R. 3651, Love Lives On Act of 2023; H.R. 7100, Prioritizing Veterans’ Survivors Act; H.R. 7150, Survivor Benefits Delivery Improvement Act of 2024; H.R. 7777, Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2024; H.R. 7793, Veterans Appeals Options Expansion Act of 2024; H.R. 7816, Clear Communication for Veterans Claims Act; H.R. XXXX, To amend title 38, United States Code, to modify the duty of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to provide a veteran with a medical examination in connection with certain claims for disability compensation under the laws administered by the Secretary, and for other purposes; H.R. XXXX, To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve matters relating to medical examinations for veterans disability compensation, and for other purposes; H.R. XXXX, To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve the efficiency of adjudications and appeals of claims for benefits under laws administered by Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and for other purposes; H.R. XXXX, To amend title 38, United States Code, to provide for certain revisions to the manual of the Veterans Benefits Administration and to improve the quality of the adjudication of claims for benefits under the laws administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and for other purposes.","date":"2024-04-10T17:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Christopher Macinkowicz","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117069"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117069","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_116963","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, which on 2024-03-20 held a hearing titled \"Lost in Translation: How VA's Disability Claims and Appeals Letters Should be Simplified\". The witness Mr. Michael S. Figlioli (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs","eventId":"116963","title":"Lost in Translation: How VA's Disability Claims and Appeals Letters Should be Simplified","date":"2024-03-20T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Michael S. Figlioli","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116963"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116963","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_117645","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, which on 2024-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Examining VA’s Challenges with Ensuring Quality Contracted Disability \r\nCompensation Examinations\". The witness Mr. Ryan M. Gallucci (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs","eventId":"117645","title":"Examining VA’s Challenges with Ensuring Quality Contracted Disability \r\nCompensation Examinations","date":"2024-09-18T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ryan M. Gallucci","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117645"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117645","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_National_Guard_Association_of__116901","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Guard Association of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs, which on 2024-03-13 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Presentation of The American Legion \r\n& Multi VSOs: JWV, TAPS, NCHV, MOAA, NACVSO, NCAI, VVA, NGAUS, FRA bef…\". The witness Major General Frank McGinn (National Guard Association of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs","eventId":"116901","title":"Legislative Presentation of The American Legion \r\n& Multi VSOs: JWV, TAPS, NCHV, MOAA, NACVSO, NCAI, VVA, NGAUS, FRA before the House and Senate VSO Joint Hearing","date":"2024-03-13T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Major General Frank McGinn","witnessOrg":"National Guard Association of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116901"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116901","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_116596","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW) testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, which on 2023-11-29 held a hearing titled \"Examining the VA Appeals Process: Ensuring High Quality Decision-Making \r\nfor Veterans’ Claims on Appeal\". The witness Mr. Michael Figlioli (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs","eventId":"116596","title":"Examining the VA Appeals Process: Ensuring High Quality Decision-Making \r\nfor Veterans’ Claims on Appeal","date":"2023-11-29T16:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Michael Figlioli","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116596"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116596","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_United_Association_of_Journeym_116445","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and  Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity, which on 2023-11-02 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 522, Deliver for Veterans Act; H.R.2830, Veteran Improvement Commercial Driver License Act of 2023; H.R. 3601, Stud…\". The witness Mr. Michael Hazard (United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and  Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity","eventId":"116445","title":"H.R. 522, Deliver for Veterans Act; H.R.2830, Veteran Improvement Commercial Driver License Act of 2023; H.R. 3601, Student Veteran Work Study Modernization Act; H.R. 3722, Daniel J. Harvey, Jr. and Adam Lambert Improving Servicemember Transition to Reduce Veteran Suicide Act and the Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to it; H.R. 3738, To amend title 38, United States Code, to establish in the Department of Veterans Affairs the Veterans Economic Opportunity and Transition Administration, and for other purposes; H.R. 3816, Veterans’ Entry to Apprenticeship Act; H.R. 5190, Military Family Protection from Debt Act; H.R. 5702, Expanding Access for Online Veteran Students Act; H.R. 5785, To amend title 38, United States Code, to modify the requirements of the Edith Nourse Rogers STEM Scholarship;  H.R. 5913, Consolidating Veteran Employment Services for Improved Performance Act of 2023; H.R. 5914, To amend title, United States Code, to improve the processes to approve programs of education for purposes of the educational assistance programs of the Department of Veterans Affairs, and for other purposes; H.R. 5956, G.I. Bill Improvement Act of 2023; and H.R.XXXX, To amend title 38, United States Code, to waive the fee for a housing loan guaranteed by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs for a veteran with a service-connected disability who applied for such loan before receiving a disability rating from the Secretary.","date":"2023-11-02T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Michael Hazard","witnessOrg":"United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and  Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116445"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116445","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA POLITICAL FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20POLITICAL%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20POLITICAL%20FUND"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_116202","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs, which on 2023-07-18 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 705, Veterans 2nd Amendment Protection Act; and, Discussion Draft: Ernest Peltz Accrued Vet…\". The witness Mr. Kristina Keenan (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs","eventId":"116202","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 705, Veterans 2nd Amendment Protection Act; and, Discussion Draft: Ernest Peltz Accrued Veterans Benefits Act","date":"2023-07-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Kristina Keenan","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116202"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116202","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Enlisted_Association_of_the_Na_116100","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Enlisted Association of the National Guard of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity, which on 2023-06-14 held a hearing titled \"H.R. 491, Return Home to Housing Act; H.R. 3874, Veterans Education Assistance Improvement Act; H.R. 3848, Housing our M…\". The witness Mr. Kevin Hollinger (Enlisted Association of the National Guard of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity","eventId":"116100","title":"H.R. 491, Return Home to Housing Act; H.R. 3874, Veterans Education Assistance Improvement Act; H.R. 3848, Housing our Military Veterans Effectively Act; H.R. 3933, TAP Promotion Act; H.R. 3898, Transcript Assurance for Heroes Act; H.R. 3981, Isakson-Roe Education Oversight Expansion Act; H.R. 3943, Servicemember Employment Protection Act of 2023; and H.R. 3900, To amend title 38, to establish certain employment and reemployment rights for spouses of members of the uniformed services","date":"2023-06-14T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Kevin Hollinger","witnessOrg":"Enlisted Association of the National Guard of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116100"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116100","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars_of_th_115547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs, which on 2023-03-29 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on H.R. 234, Gerald’s Law Act; H.R. 854, Captain James C. Edge Gold Star Spouse Equity Act; H.R. 984…\". The witness Ms. Kristina Keenan (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs","eventId":"115547","title":"Legislative Hearing on H.R. 234, Gerald’s Law Act; H.R. 854, Captain James C. Edge Gold Star Spouse Equity Act; H.R. 984, Commitment to Veteran Support and Outreach Act; H.R. 1139, GUARD VA Benefits Act; H.R. 1329, to amend title 38, United States Code, to provide for an increase in the maximum number of judges who may be appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims; H.R. 1378,Veterans’ Appeals Backlog Improvement Act; H.R. 1529, Veterans’ Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2023; and H.R. 1530, Veterans Benefits Improvement Act","date":"2023-03-29T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kristina Keenan","witnessOrg":"Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115547"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_National_Guard_Association_of__115444","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Guard Association of the United States testified before House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"Examining the Future of Workforce Protections for Servicemembers\". The witness Mr. Mike Hadley (National Guard Association of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity","eventId":"115444","title":"Examining the Future of Workforce Protections for Servicemembers","date":"2023-03-09T15:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Mike Hadley","witnessOrg":"National Guard Association of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115444"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115444","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_D000635_International_Union_of_Operati_115298","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49 testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Dexter sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.\". The witness Mr. Jason George (International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115298","title":"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason George","witnessOrg":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298"},{"source":"donor","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"]},{"id":"P61_D000635","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $80,000","explanation":"Maxine Dexter received campaign contributions totaling $80,000 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA ($10,000); AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS ($10,000); AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":80000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA POLITICAL FUND","ldaClient":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ASA PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_D000635","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maxine Dexter's campaign paid $27,270 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: DEXTER BARFIELD ($10,000)","explanation":"Maxine Dexter's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $27,270 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DEXTER BARFIELD ($10,000 across 1 payments, services: 2019 REGION 1D VCAP WINNERS). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":27270,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DEXTER BARFIELD","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["2019 REGION 1D VCAP WINNERS"]},{"payee":"LEHTINEN, DEXTER","total":7270,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYOFF"]},{"payee":"HALL, DEXTER","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RELOCATION STIPEND"]},{"payee":"DEXTER, LINDA R","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["BOOKKEEPING/FEC COMPLIANCE"]}],"surname":"dexter"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4OR03192&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"D000628":[{"id":"P2_D000628_39nwzk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_D000628_4k7c1r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POL gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Telecom (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMIT, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMIT","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_D000628_xuckjr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_D000628_305xqr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC. PAC (UNITEDHEALT gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC. PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC. PAC (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_D000628_1xcplu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_D000628_6qcony","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_D000628_bubi56","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_D000628_exz3wc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $4,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P2_D000628_vtrxeu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"NORTH CAROLINA GASTROENTEROLOGY PAC OF D gave $3,300 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Neal Dunn serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,300 from NORTH CAROLINA GASTROENTEROLOGY PAC OF DIGESTIVE HEALTH SPEC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NORTH CAROLINA GASTROENTEROLOGY PAC OF DIGESTIVE HEALTH SPEC","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Agriculture","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://dunn.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=264","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Dunn","https://dunn.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses.htm"]},{"id":"P7_D000628_80sawr","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,001,837 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,001,837 opposing this member across 61 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1001837.39,"totalSupport":113496.05,"events":61,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":814426.61},{"name":"Senate Conservatives Action","oppose":100000},{"name":"LEAD THE WAY PAC","oppose":87123.18},{"name":"National Association for Gun Rights Inc PAC","oppose":287.6}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000628_ux14wd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$253,381 donation spike on 2016-09-18 — 21.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-18 this committee recorded $253,381 across 1 contributions — 21.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,959.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00582304","date":"2016-09-18","amount":253381,"count":1,"baseline":11959,"ratio":21.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582304/"]},{"id":"P15_D000628_4gbxy0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$152,370 donation spike on 2021-06-10 — 20.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-10 this committee recorded $152,370 across 96 contributions — 20.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,457.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00582304","date":"2021-06-10","amount":152370,"count":96,"baseline":7457,"ratio":20.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582304/"]},{"id":"P15_D000628_g8orm9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$122,600 donation spike on 2017-06-21 — 15.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-21 this committee recorded $122,600 across 112 contributions — 15.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,119.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00582304","date":"2017-06-21","amount":122600,"count":112,"baseline":8119,"ratio":15.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582304/"]},{"id":"P15_D000628_pfomvi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$99,350 donation spike on 2015-09-25 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-25 this committee recorded $99,350 across 111 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,833.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00582304","date":"2015-09-25","amount":99350,"count":111,"baseline":15833,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582304/"]},{"id":"P15_D000628_1kceby","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,800 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $94,800 across 85 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,297.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00582304","date":"2018-03-31","amount":94800,"count":85,"baseline":8297,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582304/"]},{"id":"P19_D000628_ssir0u","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Neal Dunn campaign paid $26,798,484 to 72 surname-matched vendors, top: SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","explanation":"Neal Dunn's campaign paid 231 disbursements totaling $26,798,484 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","total":15599537.200000001,"count":53,"samples":[{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":1500000,"date":"2008-02-29","description":"ADVANCE FOR FUTURE MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":815419.2,"date":"2010-09-08","description":"TELEVISION ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":665000,"date":"2010-02-26","description":"PAYMENT OF OBLIGATION PREVIOUSLY REPORTED AS MEMO","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMUNICATIONS","total":2269959.7800000003,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMUNICATIONS","amount":714998.5,"date":"2008-10-24","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMUNICATIONS","amount":377533.8,"date":"2008-10-20","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMUNICATIONS","amount":313507.6,"date":"2008-10-06","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","total":1933237.25,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":347372,"date":"2008-10-28","description":"EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":249003.66,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":239135.44,"date":"2008-10-15","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SQUIRE KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","total":1425000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SQUIRE KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":700000,"date":"2008-09-02","description":"","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIRE KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":340000,"date":"2008-09-22","description":"","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIRE KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","amount":200000,"date":"2008-09-17","description":"","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GIBSON DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP","total":1086242.58,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GIBSON DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP","amount":694973.76,"date":"2018-12-04","description":"LEGAL PROCEEDINGS-ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GIBSON DUNN & CRUTCHER LLP","amount":391268.82,"date":"2019-07-24","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS, INC","total":823439.5599999999,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":231427.47,"date":"2008-10-02","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":160139.49,"date":"2008-10-10","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":150793.28,"date":"2008-10-24","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"dunn","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SQUIER%20KNAPP%20DUNN%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P25_D000628_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of PAC dollars ($373,087) come from Party industry","explanation":"Neal Dunn receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":373087.42,"share":62.4,"totalPAC":598156.79,"pacCount":37},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":373087.42,"share":62.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":104540.37,"share":17.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":39729,"share":6.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Telecom","amount":20000,"share":3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_D000628_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DUNN, Neal Patrick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":377,"date":"2026-01-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":19,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of (H.R. 2988) Protecting Prudent Investment of Reti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":376,"date":"2026-01-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of (H.R. 2988) Protecting Prudent Investment of Reti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":362,"date":"2026-01-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4593) the SHOWER Act; providing fo"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000628","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"Neal Dunn has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_D000628","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $136,244.87","explanation":"Neal Dunn received campaign contributions totaling $136,244.87 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($16,429); PANHANDLE FOR EDUCATION AND GOOD GOVERNMENT, INC. ($10,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000); COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":136244.87,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":16429,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LKQ CORPORATION EMPLOYEE GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND","ldaClient":"PANHANDLE FOR EDUCATION AND GOOD GOVERNMENT, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION C","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_D000628","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $253,381 on 2016-09-18 (21.2× normal)","explanation":"Neal Dunn's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $253,381 on 2016-09-18 — 21.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":623151,"maxRatio":21.2,"maxAmount":253381},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-09-18","amount":253381,"ratio":21.2,"baselineDaily":11959,"count":1,"cmteId":"C00582304","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00582304&min_date=2016-09-18&max_date=2016-09-18"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-10","amount":152370,"ratio":20.4,"baselineDaily":7457,"count":96,"cmteId":"C00582304","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00582304&min_date=2021-06-10&max_date=2021-06-10"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-06-21","amount":122600,"ratio":15.1,"baselineDaily":8119,"count":112,"cmteId":"C00582304","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00582304&min_date=2017-06-21&max_date=2017-06-21"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-03-31","amount":94800,"ratio":11.4,"baselineDaily":8297,"count":85,"cmteId":"C00582304","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00582304&min_date=2018-03-31&max_date=2018-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582304/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00582304&min_date=2016-09-18&max_date=2016-09-18"]},{"id":"P90_D000628","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Neal Dunn's campaign paid $22,031,087 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS ($15,599,537)","explanation":"Neal Dunn's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 78 payments totaling $22,031,087 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS ($15,599,537 across 53 payments, services: ADVANCE FOR FUTURE MEDIA BUY · TELEVISION ADVERTISING · PAYMENT OF OBLIGATION PREVIOUSLY REPORTED AS MEMO). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":22031087.23,"paymentCount":78,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","total":15599537.200000001,"count":53,"descriptions":["ADVANCE FOR FUTURE MEDIA BUY","TELEVISION ADVERTISING","PAYMENT OF OBLIGATION PREVIOUSLY REPORTED AS MEMO"]},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP DUNN COMUNICATIONS","total":2269959.7800000003,"count":7,"descriptions":["MEDIA PURCHASE","TV COMMERCIALS"]},{"payee":"SQUIER KNAPP & DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","total":1933237.25,"count":9,"descriptions":["EXEMPT MAIL","DIRECT MAIL","PRINTING/MAILING EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"SQUIRE KNAPP DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","total":1425000,"count":4,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"SQUIER, KNAPP, DUNN COMMUNICATIONS","total":398043,"count":2,"descriptions":["MEDIA TIME BUY"]}],"surname":"dunn"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6FL02208&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_D000628","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Neal Dunn named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.1M total receipts) — top: DUNN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Neal Dunn appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: DUNN VICTORY FUND (C00700260, $1.1M receipts, treasurer KEY, CLINTON E MR. KEY). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.13,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00700260","name":"DUNN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1130294.85,"treasurer":"KEY, CLINTON E MR. KEY","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00700260/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00700260/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00700260/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_D000628","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Neal Dunn draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.2M PAC / $16.8M total)","explanation":"Neal Dunn's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.2M of $16.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.77,"pacSharePct":36.8,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6FL02208"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6FL02208/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000603":[{"id":"P2_G000603_9fajpl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Brandon Gill serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://www.texaspolicyresearch.com/directory-u-s-congress-texas-delegation/u-s-house-of-representatives-texas-delegation/congressman-brandon-gill/","https://pluralpolicy.com/app/person/126024","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000603"]},{"id":"P6_G000603_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$491,385 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $491,385 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":491384.7699999999,"oppose":0,"events":23},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH PAC","total":26764.06}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_G000603_tg103n","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$421,766 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from RIGHT TEXAS","explanation":"RIGHT TEXAS spent $421,766 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00857631","name":"RIGHT TEXAS","support":421766.05000000005,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00857631/"]},{"id":"P7_G000603_hrrbdo","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,448,870 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,448,870 opposing this member across 108 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4448870.430000001,"totalSupport":1167925.5000000002,"events":108,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":1455503.57},{"name":"AMERICA LEADS ACTION INC.","oppose":1149491},{"name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","oppose":978005.79},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":647201.3200000001},{"name":"New Prosperity Foundation; The","oppose":218668.75}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000603_6qsd7e","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$43,834 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $43,834 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":43977.53,"oppose":143.35,"net":43834.18,"events":23,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":20534.170000000002,"oppose":143.35,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":10094,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005731","name":"SEIU HEALTHCARE ILLINOIS AND INDIANA","support":4332.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":3539,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":3230.2,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000603_4x9rzv","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brandon Gill campaign paid $1,104,456 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: PDQ GILL'S PRINTING","explanation":"Brandon Gill's campaign paid 7 disbursements totaling $1,104,456 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PDQ GILL'S PRINTING","total":757086.87,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"PDQ GILL'S PRINTING","amount":385077.51,"date":"2024-10-09","description":"PRINTING & COPYING","surnameMatched":"gill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PDQ GILL'S PRINTING","amount":151415.97,"date":"2024-10-29","description":"PRINTING & COPYING","surnameMatched":"gill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PDQ GILL'S PRINTING","amount":125451.42,"date":"2024-11-01","description":"PRINTING & COPYING","surnameMatched":"gill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILL, RANJIT RICKY S","total":156196.02,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GILL, RANJIT RICKY S","amount":156196.02,"date":"2022-01-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"gill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PDQ GILL'S","total":96173.32,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PDQ GILL'S","amount":96173.32,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"VOLUNTEER-EXEMPT YARD SIGNS, T-SHIRTS, STICKERS BUTTONS FOR ALSOBROOKS","surnameMatched":"gill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILL, TIMOTHY E.","total":95000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GILL, TIMOTHY E.","amount":95000,"date":"2017-06-30","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"gill","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PDQ%20GILL'S%20PRINTING"]},{"id":"P25_G000603_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of PAC dollars ($404,583) come from Party industry","explanation":"Brandon Gill receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":404582.80000000005,"share":69.2,"totalPAC":584904.3900000001,"pacCount":22},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":404582.80000000005,"share":69.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":124133.45999999999,"share":21.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":21388.13,"share":3.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":20000,"share":3.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_G000603_b7jgno","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 20 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Brandon Gill's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"French Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc., New York","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce of Chicago","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Dominican Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P29_G000603_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GILL, Brandon voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":21,"peerNay":3,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":7,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000603","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Brandon Gill has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_G000603","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $38,061.58","explanation":"Brandon Gill received campaign contributions totaling $38,061.58 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($11,243.4); JOHN C. WILLIAMS ARCHITECTS, LLC ($6,818.18); UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE/CENTER FOR CAPIT ($5,000); BLUE & GOLD FLEET, INC ($5,000); CITIZENS FOR ENERGY, FREEDOM AND SECURITY, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":38061.58,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":11243.4,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WILLIAMS, JOHN","ldaClient":"JOHN C. WILLIAMS ARCHITECTS, LLC","donorTotal":6818.18,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE/CENTER FOR CAPITAL MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUE AND GOLD FUND","ldaClient":"BLUE & GOLD FLEET, INC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"JOBS, FREEDOM, AND SECURITY PAC","ldaClient":"CITIZENS FOR ENERGY, FREEDOM AND SECURITY, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_G000603","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 11 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Brandon Gill appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 11 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (2); committee pac conflict (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":11,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000603","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000603","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brandon Gill's campaign paid $853,260 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: PDQ GILL'S PRINTING ($757,087)","explanation":"Brandon Gill's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $853,260 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: PDQ GILL'S PRINTING ($757,087 across 4 payments, services: PRINTING & COPYING). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":853260.19,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"PDQ GILL'S PRINTING","total":757086.87,"count":4,"descriptions":["PRINTING & COPYING"]},{"payee":"PDQ GILL'S","total":96173.32,"count":1,"descriptions":["VOLUNTEER-EXEMPT YARD SIGNS, T-SHIRTS, STICKERS BUTTONS FOR ALSOBROOKS"]}],"surname":"gill"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4TX26149&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_G000603","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brandon Gill named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.3M total receipts) — top: BRANDON GILL VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Brandon Gill appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BRANDON GILL VICTORY FUND (C00866954, $1.3M receipts, treasurer CRATE, BRADLEY T.). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.26,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00866954","name":"BRANDON GILL VICTORY FUND","receipts":1257840.65,"treasurer":"CRATE, BRADLEY T.","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00866954/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00866954/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00866954/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"C001131":[{"id":"P2_C001131_gtpn1f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P2_C001131_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P2_C001131_uv2w0u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS FED gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS FEDERAL COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS FEDERAL COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P2_C001131_8qosaa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATION gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P2_C001131_9bq0kj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PA gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P2_C001131_bdfmlw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"OFFICE AND PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES INTERN gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from OFFICE AND PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION (OPEIU) JB MOSS VOICE OF THE ELECTORATE (VOTE), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"OFFICE AND PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION (OPEIU) JB MOSS VOICE OF THE ELECTORATE (VOTE)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P2_C001131_aafr0c","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CR gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P2_C001131_wwo1pv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUN gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P2_C001131_f4fwck","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregorio Casar serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-greg-casar/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Casar","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001131/118"]},{"id":"P6_C001131_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$324,620 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICA (also direct donor)","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $324,620 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":324620.42,"oppose":0,"events":12},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CAMPAIGN FOR WORKING FAMILIES","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P19_C001131_78mgjc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gregorio Casar campaign paid $1,394,608 to 58 surname-matched vendors, top: GARZA TURNER, KIM J.","explanation":"Gregorio Casar's campaign paid 168 disbursements totaling $1,394,608 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GARZA TURNER, KIM J.","total":249325.95999999993,"count":27,"samples":[{"payee":"GARZA TURNER, KIM J.","amount":28196.7,"date":"2010-12-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"garza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GARZA TURNER, KIM J.","amount":16217.6,"date":"2011-11-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"garza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"GARZA TURNER, KIM J.","amount":14218.6,"date":"2020-07-07","description":"SEE MEMO ITEMS","surnameMatched":"garza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FINK & HERNANDEZ CONSULTING, LLC","total":198000,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"FINK & HERNANDEZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":6000,"date":"2014-10-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"FINK & HERNANDEZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":6000,"date":"2014-09-04","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"FINK & HERNANDEZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":6000,"date":"2014-08-14","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HERNANDEZ, AMANDA","total":64413.899999999994,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"HERNANDEZ, AMANDA","amount":10241,"date":"2004-10-28","description":"CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HERNANDEZ, AMANDA","amount":10118.95,"date":"2004-10-22","description":"CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HERNANDEZ, AMANDA","amount":9638,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BORICH HERNANDEZ SOLUTIONS","total":63676.61,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"BORICH HERNANDEZ SOLUTIONS","amount":10000,"date":"2025-07-10","description":"CONTRACTOR","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BORICH HERNANDEZ SOLUTIONS","amount":10000,"date":"2025-07-07","description":"CONTRACTOR","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BORICH HERNANDEZ SOLUTIONS","amount":7575,"date":"2025-08-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HERNANDEZ PAINTER DECORATOR INC","total":60235.369999999995,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"HERNANDEZ PAINTER DECORATOR INC","amount":25426.1,"date":"2019-12-13","description":"CONSTRUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HERNANDEZ PAINTER DECORATOR INC","amount":13505.52,"date":"2020-02-24","description":"CONSTRUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HERNANDEZ PAINTER DECORATOR INC","amount":9198.19,"date":"2020-01-23","description":"CONSTRUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"hernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GARZA, LAZARO","total":59702.99,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"GARZA, LAZARO","amount":21939,"date":"2024-02-22","description":"IN-KIND:LMAR MEDIA","surnameMatched":"garza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GARZA, LAZARO","amount":14000,"date":"2023-12-31","description":"IN-KIND:ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT","surnameMatched":"garza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GARZA, LAZARO","amount":9019,"date":"2024-02-22","description":"IN-KIND:3D SIGNS","surnameMatched":"garza","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GARZA%20TURNER"]},{"id":"P29_C001131_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CASAR, Greg voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":3,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":2,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":390,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":1,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":378,"date":"2026-01-13","sector":"Labor","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":0,"description":"Flexibility for Workers Education Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_C001131","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $80,000","explanation":"Gregorio Casar received campaign contributions totaling $80,000 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITE HERE! ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":80000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001131","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregorio Casar's campaign paid $15,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: CASAR, GREG ($15,000)","explanation":"Gregorio Casar's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $15,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CASAR, GREG ($15,000 across 3 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2022, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":15000,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CASAR, GREG","total":15000,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"casar"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2TX35144&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_C001131","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gregorio Casar's PAC funding concentrates 58% in Technology ($0.12M / $0.20M classified)","explanation":"Gregorio Casar's PAC donors concentrate 58% in the Technology industry — $0.12M of $0.20M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.12M · Labor $0.05M · Defense $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.12,"totalPacAmountM":0.2,"concentrationPct":58,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.12,"Labor":0.05,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX35144/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"B001314":[{"id":"P2_B001314_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P2_B001314_10xkr0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS O gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (INSURP, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (INSURP","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P2_B001314_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P2_B001314_c0xhpc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITIC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P2_B001314_1bucvs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P2_B001314_89efgn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PEDIATRIX MEDICAL GROUP, INC. POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from PEDIATRIX MEDICAL GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PEDIATRIX PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PEDIATRIX MEDICAL GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PEDIATRIX PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P2_B001314_2y4pn6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICA gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P2_B001314_mus03u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION POL gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GUIDEWELL PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GUIDEWELL PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P2_B001314_kco5sz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Aaron Bean serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/2016-2018/S4/5094","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Bean","https://clerk.house.gov/members/B001314"]},{"id":"P6_B001314_t03l5s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,985,698 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW","explanation":"ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW spent $3,985,698 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00936724","name":"ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW","support":3985697.61,"oppose":0,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00936724/"]},{"id":"P6_B001314_t0pcyl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,142,932 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from THINK BIG","explanation":"THINK BIG spent $1,142,932 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00923417","name":"THINK BIG","support":1142932.1,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00923417/"]},{"id":"P6_B001314_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,114,025 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $1,114,025 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":1114024.88,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_B001314_tic39j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,040,859 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from KEEP FLORIDA RED PAC","explanation":"KEEP FLORIDA RED PAC spent $1,040,859 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00811273","name":"KEEP FLORIDA RED PAC","support":1040859,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00811273/"]},{"id":"P6_B001314_tfzq21","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$935,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from New Democrat Majority","explanation":"New Democrat Majority spent $935,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00859660","name":"New Democrat Majority","support":935000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859660/"]},{"id":"P6_B001314_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$450,747 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $450,747 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":450747.27999999997,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P9_B001314_7ck449","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$39,376 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $39,376 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":39376.17,"oppose":0,"net":39376.17,"events":12,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":24498.85,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":12289.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":1437.2,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005343","name":"J  P MORGAN CHASE BANK N A","support":1151,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001314_my5mrg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $257,730 / spent $222,556","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00824938","cmteName":"BE AN AMERICAN PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":30000,"totalDisbursements":1635,"cashOnHand":28365},{"cmteId":"C00824938","cmteName":"BE AN AMERICAN PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":132575.2,"totalDisbursements":147454.8,"cashOnHand":13485.43},{"cmteId":"C00824938","cmteName":"BE AN AMERICAN PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":95154.8,"totalDisbursements":73466.5,"cashOnHand":35173.68}],"totalRaised":257730,"totalSpent":222556.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001314_xz587w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,552 donation spike on 2024-04-29 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-29 this committee recorded $115,552 across 42 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,054.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00816983","date":"2024-04-29","amount":115552,"count":42,"baseline":7054,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816983/"]},{"id":"P19_B001314_6ev8nk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Aaron Bean campaign paid $804,902 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: ABEL BEAN LAW P.A.","explanation":"Aaron Bean's campaign paid 48 disbursements totaling $804,902 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ABEL BEAN LAW P.A.","total":227288.41999999998,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"ABEL BEAN LAW P.A.","amount":106944.42,"date":"2022-04-11","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ABEL BEAN LAW P.A.","amount":76957.5,"date":"2022-11-03","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ABEL BEAN LAW P.A.","amount":29500,"date":"2021-12-22","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEBSTER, CHAMBERLAIN & BEAN, LLP","total":104820.34,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"WEBSTER, CHAMBERLAIN & BEAN, LLP","amount":24272.5,"date":"2021-01-29","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEBSTER, CHAMBERLAIN & BEAN, LLP","amount":11027.87,"date":"2016-10-21","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WEBSTER, CHAMBERLAIN & BEAN, LLP","amount":10639.47,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEBSTER, CHAMBERLIN & BEAN","total":83969.22,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WEBSTER, CHAMBERLIN & BEAN","amount":83969.22,"date":"2018-04-02","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEAN, MELISSA","total":69000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BEAN, MELISSA","amount":45000,"date":"2026-01-28","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BEAN, MELISSA","amount":24000,"date":"2025-09-01","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEAN","total":62146.3,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"BEAN","amount":18121.94,"date":"2020-10-14","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BEAN","amount":17727.03,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BEAN","amount":10648.92,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNZLER BEAN & ADAMSON","total":57077,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNZLER BEAN & ADAMSON","amount":37077,"date":"2022-12-01","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KUNZLER BEAN & ADAMSON","amount":10000,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KUNZLER BEAN & ADAMSON","amount":10000,"date":"2022-10-21","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"bean","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ABEL%20BEAN%20LAW%20P.A."]},{"id":"P29_B001314_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BEAN, Aaron voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":7,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_B001314_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $8,669,261 supporting member — 2.0× their own $4,445,685 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 2.0×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":8669260.870000001,"events":70},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":4445685},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.95},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW","support":3985697.61},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"THINK BIG","support":1142932.1},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Protect Progress","support":1114024.88}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001314","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Aaron Bean has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_B001314","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,000","explanation":"Aaron Bean received campaign contributions totaling $90,000 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":90000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (INSURP","ldaClient":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001314","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $115,552 on 2024-04-29 (16.4× normal)","explanation":"Aaron Bean's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $115,552 on 2024-04-29 — 16.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":115552,"maxRatio":16.4,"maxAmount":115552},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-04-29","amount":115552,"ratio":16.4,"baselineDaily":7054,"count":42,"cmteId":"C00816983","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00816983&min_date=2024-04-29&max_date=2024-04-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816983/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00816983&min_date=2024-04-29&max_date=2024-04-29"]},{"id":"P78_B001314","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 24 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Aaron Bean appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 24 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (9); ie support concentration (6); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); daily donation spike (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":24,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":6},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001314","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_B001314","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Aaron Bean's campaign paid $580,557 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: ABEL BEAN LAW P.A. ($227,288)","explanation":"Aaron Bean's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 27 payments totaling $580,557 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ABEL BEAN LAW P.A. ($227,288 across 4 payments, services: LEGAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":580556.7199999999,"paymentCount":27,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ABEL BEAN LAW P.A.","total":227288.41999999998,"count":4,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"WEBSTER, CHAMBERLIN & BEAN","total":83969.22,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"BEAN","total":62146.3,"count":5,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"KUNZLER BEAN & ADAMSON","total":57077,"count":3,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEES","LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"LL BEAN","total":39563.409999999996,"count":4,"descriptions":["DELEGATE/DONOR GIFT BAGS","1ST BANKCARD PMT [SB21B.71648]: CONTRIBUTOR COLLATERAL","1ST BANKCARD PMT [SB21B.15512]: DONOR COLLATERAL"]}],"surname":"bean"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2FL04211&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_B001314","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Aaron Bean draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.3M PAC / $8.9M total)","explanation":"Aaron Bean's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.3M of $8.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.89,"pacSharePct":48.4,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2FL04211"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL04211/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001214":[{"id":"P2_S001214_nwt47w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC) gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Steube serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Legal) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://steube.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Steube","https://steube.house.gov/press-releases/steube-named-to-house-foreign-affairs-committee-for-the-117th-congress/"]},{"id":"P2_S001214_o7bxr4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE AS gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Steube serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Legal) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://steube.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Steube","https://steube.house.gov/press-releases/steube-named-to-house-foreign-affairs-committee-for-the-117th-congress/"]},{"id":"P2_S001214_gqs95w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Steube serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Legal) and received $5,000 from GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION PAC (GUIDEWELL PAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION PAC (GUIDEWELL PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://steube.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Steube","https://steube.house.gov/press-releases/steube-named-to-house-foreign-affairs-committee-for-the-117th-congress/"]},{"id":"P2_S001214_3s98r7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"FINSECA PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Steube serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Legal) and received $4,000 from FINSECA PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FINSECA PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://steube.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Steube","https://steube.house.gov/press-releases/steube-named-to-house-foreign-affairs-committee-for-the-117th-congress/"]},{"id":"P2_S001214_kkhod6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"ORCHID COVE HEALTH GROUP LLC gave $3,300 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Gregory Steube serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Legal) and received $3,300 from ORCHID COVE HEALTH GROUP LLC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ORCHID COVE HEALTH GROUP LLC","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Permanent Select on Intelligence","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Technology","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://steube.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Steube","https://steube.house.gov/press-releases/steube-named-to-house-foreign-affairs-committee-for-the-117th-congress/"]},{"id":"P6_S001214_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$507,209 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $507,209 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":507209.33999999997,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P19_S001214_1z3gli","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gregory Steube campaign paid $342,180 to 8 surname-matched vendors, top: GREG STEUBE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","explanation":"Gregory Steube's campaign paid 90 disbursements totaling $342,180 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GREG STEUBE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","total":181564.5,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"GREG STEUBE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","amount":27802,"date":"2018-10-24","description":"TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS","surnameMatched":"steube","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GREG STEUBE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","amount":15121,"date":"2018-10-17","description":"TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS","surnameMatched":"steube","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GREG STEUBE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","amount":14799,"date":"2018-09-30","description":"TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS","surnameMatched":"steube","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRUTERS, JOSEPH R.","total":73217.41,"count":35,"samples":[{"payee":"GRUTERS, JOSEPH R.","amount":2398.97,"date":"2008-08-26","description":"SEE MEMO ENTRIES","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"GRUTERS, JOSEPH R.","amount":2361.71,"date":"2008-11-14","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"GRUTERS, JOSEPH R.","amount":2361.71,"date":"2008-10-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOE GRUTERS","total":31200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JOE GRUTERS","amount":2400,"date":"2004-08-02","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JOE GRUTERS","amount":2400,"date":"2004-07-21","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JOE GRUTERS","amount":2400,"date":"2004-07-06","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEUBE, GREG","total":22201.34,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"STEUBE, GREG","amount":15000,"date":"2018-09-18","description":"REPAYMENT OF CANDIDATE LOAN","surnameMatched":"steube","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"STEUBE, GREG","amount":7201.34,"date":"2022-04-27","description":"SEE MEMO","surnameMatched":"steube","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOSEPH R. GRUTERS","total":19748.5,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"JOSEPH R. GRUTERS","amount":1663,"date":"2009-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"JOSEPH R. GRUTERS","amount":1663,"date":"2009-06-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"JOSEPH R. GRUTERS","amount":1663,"date":"2009-05-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROBINSON GRUTERS & ROBERTS","total":8000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"ROBINSON GRUTERS & ROBERTS","amount":2000,"date":"2025-09-03","description":"ACCOUTING SERVICE","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ROBINSON GRUTERS & ROBERTS","amount":2000,"date":"2025-08-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ROBINSON GRUTERS & ROBERTS","amount":2000,"date":"2025-07-01","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"gruters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GREG%20STEUBE%20CONGRESSIONAL%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P23_S001214_1rh7","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 trades in SNV (Other) — 95% of this member's 19 total trades","explanation":"Gregory Steube has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"SNV","count":18,"buys":12,"sells":6,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2019-02-08","lastDate":"2025-02-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_S001214_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of PAC dollars ($305,434) come from Party industry","explanation":"Gregory Steube receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":305434.1000000001,"share":61.5,"totalPAC":496694.5600000001,"pacCount":32},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":305434.1000000001,"share":61.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":42800,"share":8.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"RealEstate","amount":25000,"share":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":20000,"share":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001214_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"STEUBE, William voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":1,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S001214","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"16% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.5× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 19 disclosed trades, 3 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.5× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":3,"total":19,"rate":15.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":2.45}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001214","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Gregory Steube has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S001214_SNV_20220223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SNV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 1 day after a corporate insider (Hurley Jill K  (CIK 0001749654)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"Hurley Jill K  (CIK 0001749654)","filingDate":"2022-02-22","adsh":"0000018349-22-000065","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001214_SNV_20240216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SNV 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 3 days after a corporate insider (PASTIDES HARRIS  (CIK 0001605855)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"PASTIDES HARRIS  (CIK 0001605855)","filingDate":"2024-02-13","adsh":"0000018349-24-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001214_SNV_20230217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SNV 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 3 days after a corporate insider (MURPHY DIANA M  (CIK 0001205378)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"MURPHY DIANA M  (CIK 0001205378)","filingDate":"2023-02-14","adsh":"0000018349-23-000017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001214_SNV_20230206","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SNV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 1 day before a corporate insider (Hurley Jill K  (CIK 0001749654)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"Hurley Jill K  (CIK 0001749654)","filingDate":"2023-02-07","adsh":"0000018349-23-000008"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001214_SNV_20220223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SNV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 1 day before a corporate insider (Blair Kevin S.  (CIK 0001680809)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"Blair Kevin S.  (CIK 0001680809)","filingDate":"2022-02-24","adsh":"0000018349-22-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001214_SNV_20201111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SNV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube sell $SNV 1 day before a corporate insider (MURPHY DIANA M  (CIK 0001205378)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"MURPHY DIANA M  (CIK 0001205378)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-058011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001214_SNV_20240216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SNV 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 4 days before a corporate insider (Hurley Jill K  (CIK 0001749654)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"Hurley Jill K  (CIK 0001749654)","filingDate":"2024-02-20","adsh":"0000018349-24-000022"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001214_SNV_20230217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SNV 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 4 days before a corporate insider (Goodwine Sharon  (CIK 0001906698)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"Goodwine Sharon  (CIK 0001906698)","filingDate":"2023-02-21","adsh":"0000018349-23-000048"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001214_SNV_20210208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SNV 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 4 days before a corporate insider (PASTIDES HARRIS  (CIK 0001605855)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"PASTIDES HARRIS  (CIK 0001605855)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-010191"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001214_SNV_20220209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SNV 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 5 days before a corporate insider (MURPHY DIANA M  (CIK 0001205378)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"MURPHY DIANA M  (CIK 0001205378)","filingDate":"2022-02-14","adsh":"0000018349-22-000033"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001214_SNV_20200206","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SNV 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Gregory Steube buy $SNV 6 days before a corporate insider (PASTIDES HARRIS  (CIK 0001605855)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNV","filer":"PASTIDES HARRIS  (CIK 0001605855)","filingDate":"2020-02-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-008848"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_S001214_The_Home_Depot_117588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Gregory Steube sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-08-16 held a hearing titled \"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest\". The witness Karen Dewalt (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117588","title":"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest","date":"2024-08-16T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Karen Dewalt","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_S001214_Consumer_First_Coalition_116013","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Consumer First Coalition testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security — also a $6,160.46 donor","explanation":"Gregory Steube sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security, which on 2023-05-24 held a hearing titled \"The Social Security Administration's Role in Combatting Identity Fraud\". The witness Ms. Katie Wechsler (Consumer First Coalition) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,160.46 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security","eventId":"116013","title":"The Social Security Administration's Role in Combatting Identity Fraud","date":"2023-05-24T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Katie Wechsler","witnessOrg":"Consumer First Coalition","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116013"},{"source":"donor","name":"TAMPA BAY AMERICA FIRST COALITION","total":6160.46,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TAMPA%20BAY%20AMERICA%20FIRST%20COALITION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116013","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TAMPA%20BAY%20AMERICA%20FIRST%20COALITION"]},{"id":"P61_S001214","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $116,160.46","explanation":"Gregory Steube received campaign contributions totaling $116,160.46 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":116160.46,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_S001214","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 26 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Gregory Steube appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 26 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (8); committee pac conflict (5); insider followed trade (3); hearing witness donor (2); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":26,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001214","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001214","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregory Steube's campaign paid $7,201 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: STEUBE, GREG ($7,201)","explanation":"Gregory Steube's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $7,201 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: STEUBE, GREG ($7,201 across 1 payments, services: SEE MEMO). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":7201.34,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"STEUBE, GREG","total":7201.34,"count":1,"descriptions":["SEE MEMO"]}],"surname":"steube"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8FL17053&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_S001214","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregory Steube named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.4M total receipts) — top: GREG STEUBE VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Gregory Steube appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GREG STEUBE VICTORY FUND (C00696393, $1.4M receipts, treasurer DATWYLER, THOMAS C.). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.4,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00696393","name":"GREG STEUBE VICTORY FUND","receipts":1398998.0100000002,"treasurer":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696393/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696393/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00696393/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_S001214","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregory Steube draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.5M PAC / $12.0M total)","explanation":"Gregory Steube's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.5M of $12.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.49,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.98,"pacSharePct":37.5,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8FL17053"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8FL17053/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_S001214","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregory Steube executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL SNV (1d apart)","explanation":"Gregory Steube has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL SNV 2021-03-09 → 2021-03-10 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"SNV","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-09","date2":"2021-03-10","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P191_S001214_SNV","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregory Steube — 18 disclosed trades in single ticker SNV","explanation":"Gregory Steube traded SNV on 18 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SNV trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SNV","count":18}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000491":[{"id":"P2_L000491_fkj8k2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, INC. gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, INC., a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, INC.","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_tqkf8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOC. PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_bec1lg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"JOHN DEERE PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from JOHN DEERE PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JOHN DEERE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_de0aot","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_6qcony","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_zh82e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BLACKROCK PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from BLACKROCK PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BLACKROCK PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_1bucvs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Finance (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_ljp4hr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from USA RICE FEDERATION PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P2_L000491_ygxsay","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BEEF PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Frank Lucas serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Finance, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from BEEF PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BEEF PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Finance","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/frank-lucas-L000491/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/l000491"]},{"id":"P9_L000491_xv50iv","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$29,837 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $29,837 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":29837.45,"oppose":0,"net":29837.45,"events":13,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":17973.52,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":11242.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":405.43,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":216.32999999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000491_1czze3","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $759,270 / spent $723,969","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00489906","cmteName":"FUNDING DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":64500,"totalDisbursements":6565.7,"cashOnHand":57934.31},{"cmteId":"C00489906","cmteName":"FUNDING DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":153456.4,"totalDisbursements":169636.6,"cashOnHand":41754.1},{"cmteId":"C00489906","cmteName":"FUNDING DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":139811.5,"totalDisbursements":131382.4,"cashOnHand":50183.2},{"cmteId":"C00489906","cmteName":"FUNDING DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":120002.4,"totalDisbursements":106281.6,"cashOnHand":63904.02},{"cmteId":"C00489906","cmteName":"FUNDING DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":105000,"totalDisbursements":156461.2,"cashOnHand":12442.87}],"totalRaised":759270.3,"totalSpent":723969.3999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000491_lvgxpl","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $119,750 in itemized individual contributions, $107,500 (90%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":119750,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":250,"$500-$999":3000,"$1000-$1999":9000,"$2000 and over":107500},"megaShare":89.8,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_L000491_vbri62","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"WESTERN REPRESENTATION PAC both supported ($20,000) and opposed ($40,150) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Frank Lucas advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00461772","name":"WESTERN REPRESENTATION PAC","support":20000,"oppose":40150.01,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461772/"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_L000491_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_L000491_AgWest_Farm_Credit_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AgWest Farm Credit testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mrs. Mandy Minick (AgWest Farm Credit) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Mandy Minick","witnessOrg":"AgWest Farm Credit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"FARM CREDIT PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FARM%20CREDIT%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FARM%20CREDIT%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_L000491_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_America_s_Credit_Unions_ACU__118324","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"America's Credit Unions (ACU) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\". The witness Mr. Andrew Morris (America's Credit Unions (ACU)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andrew Morris","witnessOrg":"America's Credit Unions (ACU)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_L000491_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_L000491_National_Association_of_Home_B_117970","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $7,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117970","title":"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America","date":"2025-03-04T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL HOME BUILDERS","total":7000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20HOME%20BUILDERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20HOME%20BUILDERS"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_Independent_Community_Bankers__117855","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Independent Community Bankers of America testified before House Financial Services — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"Make Community Banking Great Again\". The witness Ms. Rebeca Romero Rainey (Independent Community Bankers of America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117855","title":"Make Community Banking Great Again","date":"2025-02-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Rebeca Romero Rainey","witnessOrg":"Independent Community Bankers of America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117855"},{"source":"donor","name":"INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKERS ASSOC. PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INDEPENDENT%20COMMUNITY%20BANKERS%20ASSOC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117855","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INDEPENDENT%20COMMUNITY%20BANKERS%20ASSOC.%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_National_Cattlemen_s_Beef_Asso_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. Todd Wilkinson (National Cattlemen's Beef Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Todd Wilkinson","witnessOrg":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOC.%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_National_Turkey_Federation_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Turkey Federation testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. John Zimmerman (National Turkey Federation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Zimmerman","witnessOrg":"National Turkey Federation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TURKEY%20FEDERATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TURKEY%20FEDERATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_National_Cotton_Council_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Cotton Council testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Shawn Holladay (National Cotton Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Shawn Holladay","witnessOrg":"National Cotton Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON/NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TN","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMITTEE%20FOR%20ADVANCEMENT%20OF%20COTTON%2FNATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMITTEE%20FOR%20ADVANCEMENT%20OF%20COTTON%2FNATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_National_Association_of_Wheat__115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Wheat Growers testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Brent Cheyne (National Association of Wheat Growers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brent Cheyne","witnessOrg":"National Association of Wheat Growers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF WHEAT GROWERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20WHEAT%20GROWERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20WHEAT%20GROWERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000491_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Frank Lucas sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_L000491","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $222,000","explanation":"Frank Lucas received campaign contributions totaling $222,000 from 31 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 30 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":31,"totalDollars":222000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOC. PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, INC.","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOC. PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P136_L000491","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Lucas ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.9M across 34 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Frank Lucas's FEC-bulk record shows $19.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 34 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $30.9M (PAC: $19.9M, individual: $10.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.88,"lifetimeIndividualM":10.3,"cycleCount":34,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H4OK06056"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4OK06056/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_L000491","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Frank Lucas draws 65% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.9M PAC / $30.9M total)","explanation":"Frank Lucas's FEC-bulk record shows 65% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.9M of $30.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.88,"pacSharePct":64.5,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H4OK06056"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4OK06056/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_L000491","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Lucas triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 9 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Frank Lucas accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 9 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":9}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"G000598":[{"id":"P2_G000598_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $121,100 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Julio Garcia serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $121,100 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":121100,"count":29,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Accountability","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://robertgarcia.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-robert-garcia/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Garcia_(California_congressman)"]},{"id":"P2_G000598_lq281y","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSDIGM GROUP INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Julio Garcia serves on committees regulating Transportation (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSDIGM GROUP INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSDIGM GROUP INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Oversight and Accountability","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Oversight and Government Reform","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://robertgarcia.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-robert-garcia/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Garcia_(California_congressman)"]},{"id":"P6_G000598_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,869,254 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $1,869,254 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":1869253.7399999995,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P10_G000598_98bhs0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $260,965 / spent $248,432","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00823773","cmteName":"JUSTICE LEAGUE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":40900,"totalDisbursements":34437,"cashOnHand":6462.99},{"cmteId":"C00823773","cmteName":"JUSTICE LEAGUE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":165931.5,"totalDisbursements":166266.5,"cashOnHand":6127.99},{"cmteId":"C00823773","cmteName":"JUSTICE LEAGUE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":54133,"totalDisbursements":47728.2,"cashOnHand":12532.8}],"totalRaised":260964.5,"totalSpent":248431.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000598_20cz5m","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Julio Garcia campaign paid $11,204,102 to 100 surname-matched vendors, top: MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","explanation":"Robert Julio Garcia's campaign paid 287 disbursements totaling $11,204,102 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","total":5691357.13,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","amount":447462,"date":"2014-03-27","description":"MEDIA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","amount":311986.24,"date":"2018-11-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","amount":311472.2,"date":"2018-11-02","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLARK HILL PLC","total":1030982.39,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"CLARK HILL PLC","amount":233381.42,"date":"2019-02-28","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CLARK HILL PLC","amount":212533.96,"date":"2019-04-05","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CLARK HILL PLC","amount":104212.13,"date":"2019-03-28","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLARK, JULIE","total":555270.13,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CLARK, JULIE","amount":267000,"date":"2023-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - RADIO ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CLARK, JULIE","amount":145661.79,"date":"2023-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONSULTING, TV ADVERTISING, PHONE VOTER CONTACT & DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CLARK, JULIE","amount":142608.34,"date":"2023-06-30","description":"IN-KIND - CAMPAIGN CONSULTING, TRAVEL, PRINTING, MEDIA PLACEMENT, WEB ADS AND TEXTING","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES INC","total":391870,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES INC","amount":164732,"date":"2018-09-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES INC","amount":164732,"date":"2018-09-13","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES INC","amount":62406,"date":"2018-07-06","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEVE CLARK ADVERTISING","total":360000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"STEVE CLARK ADVERTISING","amount":100000,"date":"2008-09-19","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"STEVE CLARK ADVERTISING","amount":100000,"date":"2008-08-20","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"STEVE CLARK ADVERTISING","amount":85000,"date":"2010-04-21","description":"PRODUCTION & MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KATHERINE CLARK","total":250000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KATHERINE CLARK","amount":250000,"date":"2017-10-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MAGGIE%20CLARK%20MEDIA%20SERVICES"]},{"id":"P47_G000598_Transport_Workers_Union_of_Ame_117944","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Robert Julio Garcia sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"\". The witness Mr. Andre Sutton (Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117944","title":"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andre Sutton","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS FEDERAL COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20HEALTHCARE%20WORKERS%20FEDERAL%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20HEALTHCARE%20WORKERS%20FEDERAL%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION"]},{"id":"P47_G000598_Transport_Workers_Union_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Robert Julio Garcia sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Gary Peterson (Transport Workers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Gary Peterson","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL UNION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS FEDERAL COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20HEALTHCARE%20WORKERS%20FEDERAL%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20HEALTHCARE%20WORKERS%20FEDERAL%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION"]},{"id":"P61_G000598","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $95,000","explanation":"Robert Julio Garcia received campaign contributions totaling $95,000 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":95000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_G000598","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Julio Garcia's PAC funding concentrates 63% in Technology ($0.12M / $0.19M classified)","explanation":"Robert Julio Garcia's PAC donors concentrate 63% in the Technology industry — $0.12M of $0.19M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.12M · Labor $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Energy $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.12,"totalPacAmountM":0.19,"concentrationPct":63.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.12,"Labor":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA47188/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"W000798":[{"id":"P2_W000798_4e1d1e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITION gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P2_W000798_z57cz4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $10,000 from UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P2_W000798_ybdh2b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CMS ENERGY EMPLOYEES FOR BETTER GOVT gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Energy (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $10,000 from CMS ENERGY EMPLOYEES FOR BETTER GOVT, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CMS ENERGY EMPLOYEES FOR BETTER GOVT","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P2_W000798_39nwzk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Telecom (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $10,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P2_W000798_o6r6rj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Energy (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $10,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P2_W000798_q83rvi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AT&T INC EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC gave $9,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Telecom (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $9,000 from AT&T INC EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P2_W000798_qdti2l","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Pharma-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Pharma (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC, a Pharma PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Pharma"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P2_W000798_l28x21","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIAT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Energy (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P2_W000798_guymmh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PHILLIPS 66 PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Walberg serves on committees regulating Energy (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $3,500 from PHILLIPS 66 PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PHILLIPS 66 PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=412148","http://walberg.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000798"]},{"id":"P6_W000798_x91pen","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,267,129 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Michigan Republican Party","explanation":"Michigan Republican Party spent $1,267,129 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 369 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00041160","name":"Michigan Republican Party","support":1267129.3499999992,"oppose":0,"events":369}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00041160/"]},{"id":"P7_W000798_ulh55e","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,704,289 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,704,289 opposing this member across 493 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3704289.35,"totalSupport":1321034.239999999,"events":493,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":1365764.36},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AN","oppose":951075},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":712480.3900000001},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":416566.83999999997},{"name":"Communications Workers of America Working Voices","oppose":100000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000798_tkb6iw","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$33,842 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $33,842 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":24268.360000000004,"oppose":58110.62999999998,"net":-33842.269999999975,"events":41,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":34959.35999999999,"types":["DM","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":20185.65,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":19848.309999999998,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":0,"oppose":2899.02,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":2516.08,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_W000798_7ng1vq","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $510,248 / spent $452,211","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00498360","cmteName":"TRUTH IS MARKETS WORK FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":36604,"totalDisbursements":30793.5,"cashOnHand":5810.52},{"cmteId":"C00498360","cmteName":"TRUTH IS MARKETS WORK FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":60600,"totalDisbursements":61295.8,"cashOnHand":5114.76},{"cmteId":"C00498360","cmteName":"TRUTH IS MARKETS WORK FUND","year":"2016","totalReceipts":80159.2,"totalDisbursements":62424.1,"cashOnHand":22849.82},{"cmteId":"C00498360","cmteName":"TRUTH IS MARKETS WORK FUND","year":"2018","totalReceipts":54295.5,"totalDisbursements":66504.9,"cashOnHand":10640.41},{"cmteId":"C00498360","cmteName":"TRUTH IS MARKETS WORK FUND","year":"2020","totalReceipts":63500,"totalDisbursements":62763.1,"cashOnHand":11377.31}],"totalRaised":510248.4,"totalSpent":452210.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_W000798_luhsla","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $132,895 in itemized individual contributions, $121,900 (92%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":132895,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":488,"$500-$999":3615,"$1000-$1999":6892,"$2000 and over":121900},"megaShare":91.7,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000798_vyok0n","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Walberg campaign paid $236,034 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: DAVID J. CARLIN","explanation":"Tim Walberg's campaign paid 22 disbursements totaling $236,034 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVID J. CARLIN","total":59937.58,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":30426,"date":"2005-01-12","description":"FEA: FUNDRAISING INAUGURAL TICKETS","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":14998.97,"date":"2004-11-09","description":"FEA: VAN RENTAL & LODGING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":10046,"date":"2005-01-11","description":"FEA: FUNDRAISING INAUGURAL TICKETS","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WALBERG WINNING UNDER THE OAKS","total":37639.07,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WALBERG WINNING UNDER THE OAKS","amount":37639.07,"date":"2018-09-14","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"walberg","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEALLY, CARLIN","total":25250,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":10000,"date":"2024-03-05","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":6750,"date":"2024-07-22","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":4500,"date":"2024-05-03","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARLIN, AUDRE D.","total":24000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CARLIN, AUDRE D.","amount":24000,"date":"2012-05-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WALBERG, TIMOTHY L. MR.","total":22000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WALBERG, TIMOTHY L. MR.","amount":22000,"date":"2004-09-30","description":"REPAY LOAN","surnameMatched":"walberg","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARLIN, AUDRE","total":21900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CARLIN, AUDRE","amount":21900,"date":"2014-03-27","description":"REFUND, OVER LIMIT FOR 2014","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DAVID%20J.%20CARLIN"]},{"id":"P36_W000798","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Tim Walberg has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_W000798","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $135,200","explanation":"Tim Walberg received campaign contributions totaling $135,200 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($23,200); ANYWHERE REAL ESTATE INC. (FKA REALOGY HOLDINGS CO ($10,000); AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":135200,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":23200,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PERRY ENTERPRISES REAL ESTATE HOLDINGS LLC","ldaClient":"ANYWHERE REAL ESTATE INC. (FKA REALOGY HOLDINGS CORP.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC PAC","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_W000798","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Walberg draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.1M PAC / $40.1M total)","explanation":"Tim Walberg's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.1M of $40.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":40.08,"pacSharePct":40.1,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4MI07103"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MI07103/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"O000176":[{"id":"P2_O000176_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["http://olszewski.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Olszewski","https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/39fed/06ushse/html/msa14580.html"]},{"id":"P2_O000176_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Foreign Affairs","Foreign Affairs","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["http://olszewski.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Olszewski","https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/39fed/06ushse/html/msa14580.html"]},{"id":"P10_O000176_xfl30n","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $180,392 / spent $131,359","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00881052","cmteName":"O PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":101300,"totalDisbursements":52784.7,"cashOnHand":48515.27},{"cmteId":"C00881052","cmteName":"O PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":79092,"totalDisbursements":78574.5,"cashOnHand":49032.76}],"totalRaised":180392,"totalSpent":131359.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_O000176_lue347","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $138,298 in itemized individual contributions, $126,800 (92%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":138298,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":0,"$500-$999":500,"$1000-$1999":10998,"$2000 and over":126800},"megaShare":91.7,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_O000176_lqaih9","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Johnny Olszewski campaign paid $291,434 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: OLSZEWSKI, ALBERT","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski's campaign paid 76 disbursements totaling $291,434 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSZEWSKI, ALBERT","total":147375.44,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, ALBERT","amount":20000,"date":"2022-10-19","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, ALBERT","amount":18168.72,"date":"2018-09-17","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, ALBERT","amount":12137.24,"date":"2018-05-15","description":"REIMBURSE SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSZEWSKI, CLAIRE","total":104285.66999999997,"count":44,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, CLAIRE","amount":3313.59,"date":"2015-09-30","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, CLAIRE","amount":3237.62,"date":"2014-10-31","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, CLAIRE","amount":3147.64,"date":"2015-06-30","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSZEWSKI, JOHN ANTHONY JR.","total":24000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, JOHN ANTHONY JR.","amount":5000,"date":"2024-05-13","description":"","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, JOHN ANTHONY JR.","amount":5000,"date":"2025-03-25","description":"","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, JOHN ANTHONY JR.","amount":5000,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSZEWSKI","total":5372.53,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI","amount":5372.53,"date":"2017-06-30","description":"REIMBURSE: SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSZEWSKI, EDWARD","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, EDWARD","amount":5000,"date":"2019-09-09","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OLSZEWSKI, NANCEE","total":2900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, NANCEE","amount":2900,"date":"2022-06-17","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF GENERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"olszewski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=OLSZEWSKI"]},{"id":"P26_O000176_q8shh3","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BERGER HIRSCHBERG STRATEGIES","total":7694.5,"fara_registrant":"Berger Hirschberg Strategies, LLC","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P47_O000176_Georgia_s_Own_Credit_Union_117876","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Georgia's Own Credit Union testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks\". The witness Michael Sims (Georgia's Own Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"117876","title":"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Sims","witnessOrg":"Georgia's Own Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_O000176_United_Association_of_Plumbers_115809","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters testified before House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski sits on House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development\". The witness Mr. Erik Elzy (United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","eventId":"115809","title":"Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Erik Elzy","witnessOrg":"United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115809"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115809","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P61_O000176","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,000","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski received campaign contributions totaling $90,000 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":90000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_O000176","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Johnny Olszewski's campaign paid $78,219 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: OLSZEWSKI, ALBERT ($57,846)","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $78,219 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: OLSZEWSKI, ALBERT ($57,846 across 7 payments, services: REIMBURSE SEE BELOW · REIMBURSE SEE BELOW: · REIMBURSE: SEE BELOW). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":78218.66999999998,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, ALBERT","total":57846.13999999999,"count":7,"descriptions":["REIMBURSE SEE BELOW","REIMBURSE SEE BELOW:","REIMBURSE: SEE BELOW"]},{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI, JOHN ANTHONY JR.","total":15000,"count":3,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"OLSZEWSKI","total":5372.53,"count":1,"descriptions":["REIMBURSE: SEE BELOW"]}],"surname":"olszewski"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MD02232&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_O000176","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Johnny Olszewski's PAC funding concentrates 33% in Technology ($0.04M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Johnny Olszewski's PAC donors concentrate 33% in the Technology industry — $0.04M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.04M · Labor $0.04M · Real Estate $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":32.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.04,"Labor":0.04,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MD02232/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"S001145":[{"id":"P2_S001145_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $95,328 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $95,328 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":95327.56999999999,"count":14,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.ncjw.org/team_mf/rep-jan-schakowsky-d-il/","http://schakowsky.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001145"]},{"id":"P2_S001145_udem4r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.ncjw.org/team_mf/rep-jan-schakowsky-d-il/","http://schakowsky.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001145"]},{"id":"P2_S001145_4xetcp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SMART TD PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky serves on committees regulating Transportation (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SMART TD PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SMART TD PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.ncjw.org/team_mf/rep-jan-schakowsky-d-il/","http://schakowsky.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001145"]},{"id":"P2_S001145_vqknay","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $4,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL A, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL A","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.ncjw.org/team_mf/rep-jan-schakowsky-d-il/","http://schakowsky.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/S001145"]},{"id":"P10_S001145_xkgp5a","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,874,091 / spent $1,857,282","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00381806","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE CHOICES PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":175111.8,"totalDisbursements":179298.1,"cashOnHand":12655.29},{"cmteId":"C00381806","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE CHOICES PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":204905.6,"totalDisbursements":211954.3,"cashOnHand":5606.56},{"cmteId":"C00381806","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE CHOICES PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":215275,"totalDisbursements":204716.1,"cashOnHand":16165.49},{"cmteId":"C00381806","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE CHOICES PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":219000,"totalDisbursements":210262.2,"cashOnHand":24903.3},{"cmteId":"C00381806","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE CHOICES PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":234700,"totalDisbursements":238791.5,"cashOnHand":20811.76}],"totalRaised":1874091.4,"totalSpent":1857281.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001145_i11zs5","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"91% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $951,255 in itemized individual contributions, $869,950 (91%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":951255,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":11900,"$500-$999":10750,"$1000-$1999":58655,"$2000 and over":869950},"megaShare":91.5,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_S001145","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $69,000","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky received campaign contributions totaling $69,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328 ($10,000); OFFICE AND PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UN ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($9,000); UNITE HERE ($5,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":69000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"OFFICE AND PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION (OPEIU) JB MOSS VOICE OF THE ELECTOR","ldaClient":"OFFICE AND PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION (OPEIU)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_S001145","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky's PAC funding concentrates 70% in Technology ($0.10M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky's PAC donors concentrate 70% in the Technology industry — $0.10M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.10M · Labor $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":70.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.1,"Labor":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Transportation":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL09067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_S001145","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 10,244 cosponsored, 453 sponsored","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky's congress.gov record shows 10,244 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":10244,"sponsoredCount":453,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/janice-d.-schakowsky/S001145","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_S001145_PatriotCorporationso","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky sponsored \"Patriot Corporations of America Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Patriot Corporations of America Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S001145_MentalHealthonCampus","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky sponsored \"Mental Health on Campus Improvement Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Mental Health on Campus Improvement Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S001145_PhysicianAvailabilit","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky sponsored \"Physician Availability Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Physician Availability Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S001145_ToamendtitleXVIIIoft","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky sponsored \"To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide f\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Janice “Jan” Schakowsky has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for treatment of clinical psychologists as physicians for purposes of furnishing clinical psychologist services under the Medicare Program."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001233":[{"id":"P2_M001233_137f54","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEE gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Messmer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 150 PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 150 PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://messmer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=35","https://www.indianasenaterepublicans.com/messmer-receives-senate-committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Messmer"]},{"id":"P2_M001233_rrhhfl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Messmer serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://messmer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=35","https://www.indianasenaterepublicans.com/messmer-receives-senate-committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Messmer"]},{"id":"P2_M001233_x2eio4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MIDWEST REGION LABORERS' POLITICAL LEAGU gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Messmer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from MIDWEST REGION LABORERS' POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MIDWEST REGION LABORERS' POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://messmer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=35","https://www.indianasenaterepublicans.com/messmer-receives-senate-committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Messmer"]},{"id":"P2_M001233_ab4qbx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INDIANA FARM BUREAU INC ELECT PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Messmer serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INDIANA FARM BUREAU INC ELECT PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INDIANA FARM BUREAU INC ELECT PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://messmer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=35","https://www.indianasenaterepublicans.com/messmer-receives-senate-committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Messmer"]},{"id":"P2_M001233_f4fwck","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Messmer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://messmer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=35","https://www.indianasenaterepublicans.com/messmer-receives-senate-committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Messmer"]},{"id":"P2_M001233_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Messmer serves on committees regulating Labor (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://messmer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=35","https://www.indianasenaterepublicans.com/messmer-receives-senate-committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Messmer"]},{"id":"P2_M001233_umqsav","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS O gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Messmer serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Agriculture, Defense, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. PAC (INSURPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. PAC (INSURPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Agriculture","Agriculture","Armed Services","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://messmer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=35","https://www.indianasenaterepublicans.com/messmer-receives-senate-committee-assignments","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Messmer"]},{"id":"P6_M001233_uwsmro","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$954,925 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from RJC Victory Fund","explanation":"RJC Victory Fund spent $954,925 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00528554","name":"RJC Victory Fund","support":954925,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00528554/"]},{"id":"P6_M001233_tfgozn","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$541,881 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from America's First Freedoms, Inc.","explanation":"America's First Freedoms, Inc. spent $541,881 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 33 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00868026","name":"America's First Freedoms, Inc.","support":541881.4999999999,"oppose":0,"events":33}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00868026/"]},{"id":"P6_M001233_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$504,020 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $504,020 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":504020,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P15_M001233_nsag06","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$298,182 donation spike on 2024-04-11 — 15× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-11 this committee recorded $298,182 across 192 contributions — 15× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,875.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00867218","date":"2024-04-11","amount":298182,"count":192,"baseline":19875,"ratio":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00867218/"]},{"id":"P19_M001233_a0o3yn","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Messmer campaign paid $159,512 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: BAR HUGO","explanation":"Mark Messmer's campaign paid 42 disbursements totaling $159,512 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAR HUGO","total":39717.149999999994,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BAR HUGO","amount":13043.72,"date":"2021-10-24","description":"FOOD AND BEVERAGES","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BAR HUGO","amount":12423.21,"date":"2022-09-20","description":"FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND EVENT ADMINISTRATION","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BAR HUGO","amount":7939.13,"date":"2023-12-06","description":"PAC EVENT EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MICHELE, CESAR HUGO","total":25500,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MICHELE, CESAR HUGO","amount":3000,"date":"2016-07-20","description":"TRANSPORTATION","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MICHELE, CESAR HUGO","amount":2500,"date":"2016-09-07","description":"TRANSPORTATION","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MICHELE, CESAR HUGO","amount":2500,"date":"2016-07-05","description":"TRANSPORTATION","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARRAGAN, HUGO","total":19536.64,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"BARRAGAN, HUGO","amount":2461.08,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BARRAGAN, HUGO","amount":2461.08,"date":"2024-09-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BARRAGAN, HUGO","amount":2461.08,"date":"2024-12-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUGO'S FROG BAR","total":12440.710000000001,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"HUGO'S FROG BAR","amount":5193.93,"date":"2010-02-19","description":"MEALS","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"HUGO'S FROG BAR","amount":3876,"date":"2009-12-17","description":"MEALS","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"HUGO'S FROG BAR","amount":3370.78,"date":"2018-09-18","description":"MEETING MEALS","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUGO ENTERPRISES LLC","total":12046.04,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"HUGO ENTERPRISES LLC","amount":5262.39,"date":"2024-12-04","description":"BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HUGO ENTERPRISES LLC","amount":3591.28,"date":"2025-03-26","description":"BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"HUGO ENTERPRISES LLC","amount":3192.37,"date":"2025-06-25","description":"BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FIRENDS OF TIM HUGO","total":10000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"FIRENDS OF TIM HUGO","amount":5000,"date":"2017-04-13","description":"TIMOTHY HUGO, STATE HOUSE 40TH VA","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"FIRENDS OF TIM HUGO","amount":2500,"date":"2016-05-09","description":"TIMOTHY HUGO, STATE HOUSE 40TH VA","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"FIRENDS OF TIM HUGO","amount":2500,"date":"2016-11-30","description":"TIMOTHY HUGO, STATE HOUSE 40TH VA","surnameMatched":"hugo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BAR%20HUGO"]},{"id":"P47_M001233_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Mark Messmer sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 150 PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS%20LOCAL%20150%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS%20LOCAL%20150%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_M001233","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $95,000","explanation":"Mark Messmer received campaign contributions totaling $95,000 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($10,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($10,000); TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION ($5,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":95000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 150 PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION'S TIAPAC","ldaClient":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001233","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $298,182 on 2024-04-11 (15.0× normal)","explanation":"Mark Messmer's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $298,182 on 2024-04-11 — 15.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":298182,"maxRatio":15,"maxAmount":298182},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-04-11","amount":298182,"ratio":15,"baselineDaily":19875,"count":192,"cmteId":"C00867218","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00867218&min_date=2024-04-11&max_date=2024-04-11"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00867218/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00867218&min_date=2024-04-11&max_date=2024-04-11"]}],"A000055":[{"id":"P2_A000055_4kj8ed","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRADITIONS BANK gave $19,951 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $19,951 from TRADITIONS BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRADITIONS BANK","total":19950.61,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_s9mwh8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MTSI LEADERS FOR ENDURING SOLUTIONS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_h0x6a","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELOITTE PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from DELOITTE PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELOITTE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_7619g2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. PAC (A gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. PAC (ARAPAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. PAC (ARAPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_765ue2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY  gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_dlqkji","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL ATOMICS PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from GENERAL ATOMICS PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL ATOMICS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_gzhz2c","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PARSONS CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from PARSONS CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PARSONS CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_yvhqay","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LEIDOS INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from LEIDOS INC. PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LEIDOS INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_8ag58m","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P2_A000055_kj9ufv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Robert Aderholt serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://aderholt.house.gov/about-robert","https://www.csce.gov/commissioner-or-staff-bios/representative-robert-aderholt-alabama/","https://aderholtforcongress.org/about-robert"]},{"id":"P18_A000055_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Aderholt executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-12-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-08-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; 2022 Management Area 1A Possession Limit Adjustme","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-11-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Rates for Interstate Inmate Calling Services","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2022-08-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_A000055_7xfd87","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Aderholt campaign paid $54,500 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: ADERHOLT MAJORITY FUND","explanation":"Robert Aderholt's campaign paid 7 disbursements totaling $54,500 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADERHOLT MAJORITY FUND","total":34500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ADERHOLT MAJORITY FUND","amount":15000,"date":"2023-11-30","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JACQUELINE KOURI","surnameMatched":"aderholt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ADERHOLT MAJORITY FUND","amount":12000,"date":"2025-12-01","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM TERRY SPITZER","surnameMatched":"aderholt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ADERHOLT MAJORITY FUND","amount":7500,"date":"2026-02-24","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"aderholt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADERHOLT, ROBERT BROWN","total":15000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ADERHOLT, ROBERT BROWN","amount":5000,"date":"2019-10-28","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"aderholt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ADERHOLT, ROBERT BROWN","amount":5000,"date":"2020-08-24","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"aderholt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ADERHOLT, ROBERT BROWN","amount":5000,"date":"2016-09-07","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"aderholt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADERHOLT, ROBERT B","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ADERHOLT, ROBERT B","amount":5000,"date":"2020-10-05","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"aderholt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ADERHOLT%20MAJORITY%20FUND"]},{"id":"P43_A000055_TSLA_20221205","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TSLA 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Aderholt sell $TSLA 2 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2022-12-07","adsh":"0001790565-22-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_A000055_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Robert Aderholt sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_A000055","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $179,000","explanation":"Robert Aderholt received campaign contributions totaling $179,000 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); BALCH & BINGHAM ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":179000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BALCH & BINGHAM FED. POL. COMM.","ldaClient":"BALCH & BINGHAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR P. A. C.","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VULCAN MATERIALS CO. P. A. C.","ldaClient":"VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_A000055","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Aderholt's campaign paid $34,500 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: ADERHOLT MAJORITY FUND ($34,500)","explanation":"Robert Aderholt's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $34,500 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ADERHOLT MAJORITY FUND ($34,500 across 3 payments, services: EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JACQUELINE KOURI · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM TERRY SPITZER · CONTRIBUTION TO JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":34500,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ADERHOLT MAJORITY FUND","total":34500,"count":3,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JACQUELINE KOURI","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM TERRY SPITZER","CONTRIBUTION TO JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE"]}],"surname":"aderholt"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6AL04098&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_A000055","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Aderholt ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.6M across 32 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Robert Aderholt's FEC-bulk record shows $17.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 32 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $36.7M (PAC: $17.6M, individual: $16.4M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.74,"lifetimeIndividualM":16.44,"cycleCount":32,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6AL04098"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AL04098/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_A000055","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Aderholt draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.6M PAC / $36.7M total)","explanation":"Robert Aderholt's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.6M of $36.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.74,"pacSharePct":48,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H6AL04098"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AL04098/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"O000019":[{"id":"P2_O000019_g6n6r6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_pauc7o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION RESORT OWNERS COALITION PAC (ARDA-ROC PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION RESORT OWNERS COALITION PAC (ARDA-ROC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_o6r6rj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_fxdx03","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_m8viae","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBC UNIVERSAL PAC- gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBC UNIVERSAL PAC-FEDERAL, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBC UNIVERSAL PAC-FEDERAL","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_w3t220","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_uehp20","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_c3uw2k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEE PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEMPRA ENERGY EMPLOYEE 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PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL PAC  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_r56zbn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGYPAC gave $4,885 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,885 from PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGYPAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGYPAC","total":4885.42,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_wdei8m","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"SOUTHERN NUCLEAR OPERATING COMPANY PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from SOUTHERN NUCLEAR OPERATING COMPANY PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOUTHERN NUCLEAR OPERATING COMPANY PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_y92ulz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P2_O000019_mgm0b1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"T-MOBILE PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Jay Obernolte serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,500 from T-MOBILE PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"T-MOBILE PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/jay-obernolte-O000019/committees","http://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-jay-obernolte-named-chairman-key-science-subcommittee-will-lead-ai-and","https://obernolte.house.gov/issues/technology?page=1"]},{"id":"P9_O000019_iq2eik","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$23,544 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $23,544 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":23544.36,"oppose":0,"net":23544.36,"events":11,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":23544.36,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_O000019_xzve4s","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $1,527,278 in itemized individual contributions, $947,160 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1527278,"buckets":{"$200 and under":25451,"$200.01-$499":63628,"$500-$999":184503,"$1000-$1999":306536,"$2000 and over":947160},"megaShare":62,"smallDonorShare":1.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_O000019_pv1gft","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,750 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 13× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $63,750 across 33 contributions — 13× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,891.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00720078","date":"2020-06-30","amount":63750,"count":33,"baseline":4891,"ratio":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00720078/"]},{"id":"P19_O000019_rokq2h","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jay Obernolte campaign paid $1,185,446 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: BURCH MUNFORD DIRECT","explanation":"Jay Obernolte's campaign paid 77 disbursements totaling $1,185,446 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURCH MUNFORD DIRECT","total":554748.5700000001,"count":40,"samples":[{"payee":"BURCH MUNFORD DIRECT","amount":65226.42,"date":"2008-10-20","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BURCH MUNFORD DIRECT","amount":42500,"date":"2010-01-08","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BURCH MUNFORD DIRECT","amount":27500,"date":"2009-09-11","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OBERNOLTE - PERSONAL FUNDS, JAY","total":157000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"OBERNOLTE - PERSONAL FUNDS, JAY","amount":100000,"date":"2020-11-17","description":"","surnameMatched":"obernolte","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"OBERNOLTE - PERSONAL FUNDS, JAY","amount":57000,"date":"2020-03-21","description":"","surnameMatched":"obernolte","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS BURCH & ADAMS LLC","total":115823.38,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS BURCH & ADAMS LLC","amount":32280,"date":"2018-11-29","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CHALMERS BURCH & ADAMS LLC","amount":24620,"date":"2021-03-29","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CHALMERS BURCH & ADAMS LLC","amount":15000,"date":"2019-03-12","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURCH PARTNERS","total":105327.84,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BURCH PARTNERS","amount":51193,"date":"2020-10-23","description":"DIGITAL ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BURCH PARTNERS","amount":30243.44,"date":"2020-11-19","description":"DIGITAL ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BURCH PARTNERS","amount":16725,"date":"2020-09-23","description":"DESIGN SERVICES","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS, PAK & BURCH LLC","total":50537.840000000004,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS, PAK & BURCH LLC","amount":10179.28,"date":"2015-11-20","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CHALMERS, PAK & BURCH LLC","amount":10179.28,"date":"2015-10-23","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CHALMERS, PAK & BURCH LLC","amount":10179.28,"date":"2015-10-01","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS PAK BURCH & ADAMS LLC","total":49811.21000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS PAK BURCH & ADAMS LLC","amount":22345.13,"date":"2016-11-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CHALMERS PAK BURCH & ADAMS LLC","amount":9663.56,"date":"2017-04-24","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CHALMERS PAK BURCH & ADAMS LLC","amount":9462.5,"date":"2017-06-22","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"burch","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BURCH%20MUNFORD%20DIRECT"]},{"id":"P47_O000019_Information_Technology_Industr_119148","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Information Technology Industry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jay Obernolte sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2026-04-15 held a hearing titled \"Computing Power and Competition: Examining the Semiconductor Ecosystem.\". The witness Mr. Jason Oxman (Information Technology Industry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"119148","title":"Computing Power and Competition: Examining the Semiconductor Ecosystem.","date":"2026-04-15T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason Oxman","witnessOrg":"Information Technology Industry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119148"},{"source":"donor","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL PAC  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119148","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_O000019_Information_Technology_and_Inn_118632","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Information Technology and Innovation Foundation testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jay Obernolte sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2025-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Examining Policies to Enhance Seniors’ Access to Breakthrough Medical Technologies\". The witness Mr. Stephen Ezell (Information Technology and Innovation Foundation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118632","title":"Examining Policies to Enhance Seniors’ Access to Breakthrough Medical Technologies","date":"2025-09-18T13:45:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Stephen Ezell","witnessOrg":"Information Technology and Innovation Foundation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118632"},{"source":"donor","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL PAC  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118632","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_O000019_Software_Information_Industry__118714","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Software & Information Industry Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jay Obernolte sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Solutions to Protect Children and Teens Online\". The witness Mr. Paul Lekas (Software & Information Industry Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"118714","title":"Legislative Solutions to Protect Children and Teens Online","date":"2025-12-02T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Paul Lekas","witnessOrg":"Software & Information Industry Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118714"},{"source":"donor","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL PAC  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118714","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_O000019_National_Home_Builders_Associa_118590","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Home Builders Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Jay Obernolte sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-09-09 held a hearing titled \"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Home Builders Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"118590","title":"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”","date":"2025-09-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Home Builders Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_O000019_Information_Technology_Industr_117884","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jay Obernolte sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"AI in Manufacturing: Securing American Leadership in Manufacturing and the Next Generation of Technologies\". The witness Jason Oxman (Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"117884","title":"AI in Manufacturing: Securing American Leadership in Manufacturing and the Next Generation of Technologies","date":"2025-02-12T16:00:00Z","witnessName":"Jason Oxman","witnessOrg":"Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117884"},{"source":"donor","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL PAC  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117884","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_O000019_The_Information_Technology_Ind_116588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Information Technology Industry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jay Obernolte sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-11-14 held a hearing titled \"Leveraging AI to Enhance American Communications\". The witness Ms. Courtney Lang (The Information Technology Industry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"116588","title":"Leveraging AI to Enhance American Communications","date":"2023-11-14T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Courtney Lang","witnessOrg":"The Information Technology Industry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116588"},{"source":"donor","name":"INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY COUNCIL PAC  (ITI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INFORMATION%20TECHNOLOGY%20INDUSTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20%20(ITI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_O000019_Community_Oncology_Alliance_116116","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jay Obernolte sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats\". The witness Mr. Ted Okon, MBA (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116116","title":"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats","date":"2023-06-13T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ted Okon, MBA","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116"},{"source":"donor","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_O000019_General_Atomics_116033","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"General Atomics testified before House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jay Obernolte sits on House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"From Theory to Reality: The Limitless Potential of Fusion Energy\". The witness Dr. Wayne Solomon (General Atomics) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"116033","title":"From Theory to Reality: The Limitless Potential of Fusion Energy","date":"2023-06-13T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Wayne Solomon","witnessOrg":"General Atomics","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116033"},{"source":"donor","name":"GENERAL ATOMICS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GENERAL%20ATOMICS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116033","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=GENERAL%20ATOMICS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_O000019","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $102,500","explanation":"Jay Obernolte received campaign contributions totaling $102,500 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATION ($9,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION (NSSGA) ($8,500); MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":102500,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION (NSSGA ROCKPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION (NSSGA)","donorTotal":8500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SCHOOLSFIRST FEDERAL CREDIT UNION EMPLOYEES FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_O000019","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $63,750 on 2020-06-30 (13.0× normal)","explanation":"Jay Obernolte's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $63,750 on 2020-06-30 — 13.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":63750,"maxRatio":13,"maxAmount":63750},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-06-30","amount":63750,"ratio":13,"baselineDaily":4891,"count":33,"cmteId":"C00720078","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00720078&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00720078/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00720078&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"]},{"id":"P138_O000019","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jay Obernolte draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.2M PAC / $11.4M total)","explanation":"Jay Obernolte's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.2M of $11.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.39,"pacSharePct":36.6,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0CA08135"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA08135/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000463":[{"id":"P2_T000463_4kmiye","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SERCO INC. PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Turner serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from SERCO INC. PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SERCO INC. PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Government Reform","Veterans' Affairs","Armed Services","Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/michael-r-turner/other-data?cycle=2024","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000463","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Turner"]},{"id":"P2_T000463_mkdx51","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS VOLUNTARY POLITICAL CON gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Turner serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from GENERAL DYNAMICS VOLUNTARY POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION PLAN (GDVPCP), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS VOLUNTARY POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION PLAN (GDVPCP)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Government Reform","Veterans' Affairs","Armed Services","Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/michael-r-turner/other-data?cycle=2024","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000463","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Turner"]},{"id":"P2_T000463_ui83pi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Turner serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Government Reform","Veterans' Affairs","Armed Services","Government 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Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/michael-r-turner/other-data?cycle=2024","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000463","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Turner"]},{"id":"P2_T000463_k1qlij","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PO gave $4,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Turner serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $4,000 from LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Government Reform","Veterans' Affairs","Armed Services","Government Reform"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/michael-r-turner/other-data?cycle=2024","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000463","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Turner"]},{"id":"P2_T000463_axrm8w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"LEIDOS INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $4,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Turner serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $4,000 from LEIDOS INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LEIDOS INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Government Reform","Veterans' Affairs","Armed Services","Government 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Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2822296.0799999996,"totalSupport":1018811.8100000003,"events":157,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DMFI PAC","oppose":1741673.3699999999},{"name":"THIRD WAY","oppose":505000},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":257123.26},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":162656.12},{"name":"Mainstream Democrats PAC","oppose":151585.33000000002}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_T000463_gsm1rs","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $962,358 / spent $932,167","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00525238","cmteName":"IMPACT COMMITTEE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":13000,"totalDisbursements":10300,"cashOnHand":2700},{"cmteId":"C00525238","cmteName":"IMPACT COMMITTEE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":106100,"totalDisbursements":85892,"cashOnHand":22908.02},{"cmteId":"C00525238","cmteName":"IMPACT COMMITTEE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":115328.3,"totalDisbursements":123971.2,"cashOnHand":14265.1},{"cmteId":"C00525238","cmteName":"IMPACT COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":163776.2,"totalDisbursements":137653.3,"cashOnHand":40388.07},{"cmteId":"C00525238","cmteName":"IMPACT COMMITTEE","year":"2020","totalReceipts":160561.2,"totalDisbursements":184420.3,"cashOnHand":16528.99}],"totalRaised":962357.7999999999,"totalSpent":932167.3000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000463_c8mtum","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,940 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $89,940 across 563 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,248.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00764423","date":"2021-06-30","amount":89940,"count":563,"baseline":14248,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00764423/"]},{"id":"P19_T000463_2qc1mw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Turner campaign paid $45,107,289 to 55 surname-matched vendors, top: HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","explanation":"Michael Turner's campaign paid 207 disbursements totaling $45,107,289 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","total":16047051.340000002,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":4975772.54,"date":"2020-12-22","description":"RECOUNT: PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":3233764.7,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":2045740.8,"date":"2019-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY","total":11975401.639999997,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY","amount":2644877.47,"date":"2008-09-17","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"turner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY","amount":1642765.56,"date":"2008-08-18","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"turner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY","amount":1215188,"date":"2008-09-17","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"turner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","total":2826716.8,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":387369.26,"date":"2015-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":310000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"ONLINE ADS","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":276454.73,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"ADVERTISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BMO HARRIS","total":2610678.69,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":1100000,"date":"2024-07-09","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":999999,"date":"2024-08-29","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":510679.69,"date":"2024-09-19","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION CO.","total":1943945.8,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION CO.","amount":1393682.8,"date":"2008-10-27","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"turner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION CO.","amount":550263,"date":"2008-09-25","description":"CONSTRUCTION","surnameMatched":"turner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA","total":1779843.83,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":494831.39,"date":"2016-11-04","description":"INTERNET ADVERTISING AND WEBSITE CONSULT","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":385753.72,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING AND WEBSIDE MANAGEMEN","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":372436.67,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING/.WEBSITE MGT.","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HARRIS%20SIKES%20MEDIA%20LLC"]},{"id":"P26_T000463_yuavzv","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Michael Turner's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P34_T000463_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $10,000","explanation":"Michael Turner's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE COMPANY PAC","total":5000,"matchedClient":"SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE CO","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":5000,"matchedClient":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000463","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Michael Turner has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_T000463","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $123,800","explanation":"Michael Turner received campaign contributions totaling $123,800 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($29,800); RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC ($10,000); DELOITTE & TOUCHE ($10,000); L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES ($9,000); BURNS & MCDONNELL ENGINEERING COMPANY INC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":123800,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":29800,"exact":false},{"donorName":"RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DELOITTE & TOUCHE FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"DELOITTE & TOUCHE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BURNS AND MCDONNELL INC. PAC","ldaClient":"BURNS & MCDONNELL ENGINEERING COMPANY INC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_T000463","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Turner's campaign paid $15,827,015 to 12 surname-matched vendors — top: TURNER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY ($11,975,402)","explanation":"Michael Turner's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 63 payments totaling $15,827,015 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TURNER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY ($11,975,402 across 20 payments, services: CONSTRUCTION · CONSTRUCTION SERVICES · GENERAL CONTRACTOR SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":15827015.369999992,"paymentCount":63,"payeeCount":12,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY","total":11975401.639999997,"count":20,"descriptions":["CONSTRUCTION","CONSTRUCTION SERVICES","GENERAL CONTRACTOR SERVICES"]},{"payee":"TURNER CONSTRUCTION CO.","total":1943945.8,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONSTRUCTION"]},{"payee":"MURPHY TURNER & ASSOCIATES","total":913052.1100000002,"count":20,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING","POL MAILING","POL. MAILING"]},{"payee":"TURNER BROADCASTING SYSTEM","total":574918.19,"count":10,"descriptions":["ON-LINE ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"MURPHY, TURNER & ASSOCIATES","total":104815.62,"count":4,"descriptions":["EARLY VOTE SLATE DOOR HANGER","GENERIC GOTV MAILER","FEA GENERIC GOTV MAILER"]}],"surname":"turner"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OH03067&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_T000463","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Turner draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.7M PAC / $30.6M total)","explanation":"Michael Turner's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.7M of $30.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.74,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.63,"pacSharePct":41.6,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2OH03067"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH03067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_T000463","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Turner disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL LNG $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Michael Turner has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL LNG $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2017-03-09 · SELL LNG $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2017-03-03.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":1000002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"LNG","action":"SELL","date":"2017-03-09","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"LNG","action":"SELL","date":"2017-03-03","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"T000193":[{"id":"P2_T000193_1b3jhh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Bennie Thompson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson","https://cina.gmu.edu/conference-bio/congressman-bennie-g-thompson/","http://benniethompson.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_T000193_aqdlmz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS ACTIV gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Bennie Thompson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance) and received $5,000 from UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson","https://cina.gmu.edu/conference-bio/congressman-bennie-g-thompson/","http://benniethompson.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_T000193_y3k9l2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bennie Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Agriculture, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson","https://cina.gmu.edu/conference-bio/congressman-bennie-g-thompson/","http://benniethompson.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_T000193_kn95zy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Bennie Thompson serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson","https://cina.gmu.edu/conference-bio/congressman-bennie-g-thompson/","http://benniethompson.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_T000193_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Bennie Thompson serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Agriculture, Finance) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson","https://cina.gmu.edu/conference-bio/congressman-bennie-g-thompson/","http://benniethompson.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_T000193_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bennie Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Agriculture, Finance) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson","https://cina.gmu.edu/conference-bio/congressman-bennie-g-thompson/","http://benniethompson.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_T000193_vym2rm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION PAC gave $3,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Bennie Thompson serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Agriculture, Finance) and received $3,000 from REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION PAC","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Thompson","https://cina.gmu.edu/conference-bio/congressman-bennie-g-thompson/","http://benniethompson.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P6_T000193_vak61s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,345,194 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Crossroads","explanation":"American Crossroads spent $1,345,194 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487363","name":"American Crossroads","support":1345194.02,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487363/"]},{"id":"P6_T000193_d0l3fk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,297,200 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Chemistry Council Inc.","explanation":"American Chemistry Council Inc. spent $1,297,200 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011578","name":"American Chemistry Council Inc.","support":1297200,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011578/"]},{"id":"P7_T000193_3129qa","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $13,468,555 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $13,468,555 opposing this member across 1441 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":13468554.54999986,"totalSupport":2960776.540000002,"events":1441,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Majority PAC","oppose":4684645.4799999995},{"name":"WOMEN VOTE!","oppose":4374005.39},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","oppose":1743043.43},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":996076.28},{"name":"League of Conservation Voters, Inc.","oppose":560144}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_T000193_pkv8o5","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$175,994 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $175,994 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":86076.90000000001,"oppose":262070.68,"net":-175993.77999999997,"events":50,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":153326.28,"types":["TP","O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":64943.53999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":58045.08,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":50699.32,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":19579.22,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_T000193_xvaqo","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,565,858 / spent $1,127,716","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00411611","cmteName":"SECURE PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":225774.5,"totalDisbursements":241088.3,"cashOnHand":115697.35},{"cmteId":"C00411611","cmteName":"SECURE PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":133821.5,"totalDisbursements":193824.2,"cashOnHand":55694.68},{"cmteId":"C00411611","cmteName":"SECURE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":297147.6,"totalDisbursements":109887.9,"cashOnHand":242954.35},{"cmteId":"C00411611","cmteName":"SECURE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":185770.7,"totalDisbursements":127802.4,"cashOnHand":300922.62},{"cmteId":"C00411611","cmteName":"SECURE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":154077.3,"totalDisbursements":98787.4,"cashOnHand":356212.56}],"totalRaised":1565858.1000000003,"totalSpent":1127716.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_T000193_ol4m16","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 8%)","explanation":"Of $1,071,812 in itemized individual contributions, $655,803 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1071812.31,"buckets":{"$200 and under":89520.71,"$200.01-$499":44842.28,"$500-$999":125559.48,"$1000-$1999":156086.84,"$2000 and over":655803},"megaShare":61.2,"smallDonorShare":8.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_T000193_lpgtom","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100% of itemized donations from outside MS","explanation":"Only $0 of $888,598 itemized individual contributions came from MS. The rest — $888,598 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"MS","homeStateTotal":0,"outOfStateTotal":888598,"outOfStateShare":100,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"WI535","amount":103284},{"stateZip3":"WI537","amount":88358},{"stateZip3":"WI530","amount":58200},{"stateZip3":"WI532","amount":57400},{"stateZip3":"WI546","amount":38155}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000193_uz2xp3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bennie Thompson campaign paid $27,948,365 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","explanation":"Bennie Thompson's campaign paid 97 disbursements totaling $27,948,365 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","total":10822229.170000002,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":1700000,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":864248.31,"date":"2010-10-07","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":859119,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","total":4672766.37,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":459000,"date":"2024-10-03","description":"NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":345107.24,"date":"2008-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":323996.96,"date":"2008-10-22","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","total":3277861.97,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":603547.77,"date":"2023-04-25","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":402936.43,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":382794.57,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","total":2359780,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":398923,"date":"2022-07-05","description":"MEDIA BUY-TV, DIGITAL,RADIO,CABLE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":375919,"date":"2022-06-14","description":"MEDIA BUY ON TV","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":326650,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","total":2097975,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":876523,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":797202,"date":"2016-10-17","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":240000,"date":"2016-08-26","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TENNESSEANS FOR THOMPSON '96","total":821385,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TENNESSEANS FOR THOMPSON '96","amount":821385,"date":"1997-12-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THOMPSON%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P36_T000193","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Bennie Thompson has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_T000193","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$86K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 75% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Bennie Thompson received $86,076.9 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($64,943.54 = 75%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":86076.90000000001,"oppose":262070.68,"byYear":{"2010":41103.799999999996,"2012":307043.7799999999},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":153326.28,"types":["TP","O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":64943.53999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":58045.08,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":50699.32,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":19579.22,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_T000193","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $133,800","explanation":"Bennie Thompson received campaign contributions totaling $133,800 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 19 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION ($10,000); UNITE HERE! ($9,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":133800,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION","ldaClient":"SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_T000193","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bennie Thompson appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (7); ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000193","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_T000193","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bennie Thompson's campaign paid $5,483,820 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS ($4,672,766)","explanation":"Bennie Thompson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $5,483,820 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS ($4,672,766 across 25 payments, services: NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING · MEDIA BUYS · MEDIA PURCHASE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5483820.08,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","total":4672766.37,"count":25,"descriptions":["NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUYS","MEDIA PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"DAVID J THOMPSON MAILING CORP.","total":495412.20999999996,"count":2,"descriptions":["POSTAGE"]},{"payee":"JILL LONG THOMPSON","total":200000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIB IN GOVERNOR'S RACE"]},{"payee":"THOMPSON RYER STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","total":115641.5,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRINTING - STICKERS"]}],"surname":"thompson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MS02068&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_T000193","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bennie Thompson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $23.2M across 34 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Bennie Thompson's FEC-bulk record shows $23.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 34 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $36.3M (PAC: $23.2M, individual: $12.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":23.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.29,"lifetimeIndividualM":12.17,"cycleCount":34,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H4MS02068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MS02068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_T000193","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bennie Thompson draws 64% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($23.2M PAC / $36.3M total)","explanation":"Bennie Thompson's FEC-bulk record shows 64% of lifetime campaign receipts ($23.2M of $36.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":23.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.29,"pacSharePct":64,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H4MS02068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MS02068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_T000193","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bennie Thompson triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bennie Thompson accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P158_T000193","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bennie Thompson ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,514 cosponsored, 255 sponsored","explanation":"Bennie Thompson's congress.gov record shows 5,514 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5514,"sponsoredCount":255,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/bennie-g.-thompson/T000193","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_T000193_FederalProtectiveSer","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bennie Thompson sponsored \"Federal Protective Service Improvement and Accountability Ac\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Bennie Thompson has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Federal Protective Service Improvement and Accountability Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_T000193","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bennie Thompson — DW-NOMINATE -0.52 vs MS delegation mean 0.19 (2.2σ outlier)","explanation":"Bennie Thompson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.52) is 2.2 standard deviations from the MS delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MS","memberScore":-0.519,"delegationMean":0.1946818181818182,"zscore":"2.16"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"F000478":[{"id":"P2_F000478_dzko","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE  gave $4,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Russell Fry serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal) and received $4,000 from THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (A..., a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (A...","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Judiciary","Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Fry","https://fry.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=737","https://floodcoalition.org/members/russell-fry/"]},{"id":"P7_F000478_b34fza","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,205,333 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,205,333 opposing this member across 42 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1205332.5,"totalSupport":335557.17,"events":42,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRSC","oppose":860132.5},{"name":"GRAND STRAND PEE DEE PAC","oppose":345200}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_F000478_fjet0g","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,284 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,284 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10283.56,"oppose":0,"net":10283.56,"events":4,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":5904.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":4379.15,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_F000478_mwgxiv","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $240,009 / spent $222,879","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00569293","cmteName":"DEEDS NOT WORDS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":12500,"totalDisbursements":2421.9,"cashOnHand":10078},{"cmteId":"C00569293","cmteName":"DEEDS NOT WORDS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1432,"totalDisbursements":9870,"cashOnHand":1640.09},{"cmteId":"C00569293","cmteName":"DEEDS NOT WORDS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":51623.7,"totalDisbursements":52670.9,"cashOnHand":592.89},{"cmteId":"C00569293","cmteName":"DEEDS NOT WORDS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2020","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":592.9,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00820209","cmteName":"FIGHTIN' RIGHT Y'ALL","year":"2022","totalReceipts":26000,"totalDisbursements":23804.4,"cashOnHand":2195.6}],"totalRaised":240009.30000000002,"totalSpent":222878.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000478_nld33b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,350 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 15.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $85,350 across 41 contributions — 15.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,608.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786657","date":"2023-03-31","amount":85350,"count":41,"baseline":5608,"ratio":15.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786657/"]},{"id":"P15_F000478_8xgoh6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,916 donation spike on 2022-10-20 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-10-20 this committee recorded $65,916 across 35 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,204.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786657","date":"2022-10-20","amount":65916,"count":35,"baseline":7204,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786657/"]},{"id":"P15_F000478_wrcooh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,950 donation spike on 2024-03-27 — 13.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-27 this committee recorded $58,950 across 36 contributions — 13.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,410.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786657","date":"2024-03-27","amount":58950,"count":36,"baseline":4410,"ratio":13.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786657/"]},{"id":"P15_F000478_5rbnfm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,195 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $53,195 across 48 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,384.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00786657","date":"2021-09-30","amount":53195,"count":48,"baseline":5384,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786657/"]},{"id":"P47_F000478_National_Home_Builders_Associa_118590","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Home Builders Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Russell Fry sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-09-09 held a hearing titled \"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Home Builders Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"118590","title":"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”","date":"2025-09-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Home Builders Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_F000478_University_of_South_Carolina_117989","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"University of South Carolina testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Russell Fry sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Moving the Goalposts: How NIL is Reshaping College Athletics\". The witness Shane Beamer (University of South Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"117989","title":"Moving the Goalposts: How NIL is Reshaping College Athletics","date":"2025-03-04T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Shane Beamer","witnessOrg":"University of South Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117989"},{"source":"donor","name":"BLUECROSS BLUESHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"SC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUECROSS%20BLUESHIELD%20OF%20SOUTH%20CAROLINA%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117989","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUECROSS%20BLUESHIELD%20OF%20SOUTH%20CAROLINA%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000478_Basin_Electric_Power_Cooperati_117979","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Basin Electric Power Cooperative testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Russell Fry sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-03-05 held a hearing titled \"“Scaling for Growth:  Meeting the Demand for Reliable, Affordable Electricity.”\". The witness Mr. Todd Brickhouse (Basin Electric Power Cooperative) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"117979","title":"“Scaling for Growth:  Meeting the Demand for Reliable, Affordable Electricity.”","date":"2025-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Todd Brickhouse","witnessOrg":"Basin Electric Power Cooperative","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117979"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (A...","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20RURAL%20ELECTRIFICATION%20(A..."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117979","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20RURAL%20ELECTRIFICATION%20(A..."]},{"id":"P47_F000478_National_Rural_Electric_Cooper_115750","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Russell Fry sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"Breaking Barriers: Streamlining Permitting to Expedite Broadband Deployment\". The witness Mr. Louis Finkel (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115750","title":"Breaking Barriers: Streamlining Permitting to Expedite Broadband Deployment","date":"2023-04-19T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Louis Finkel","witnessOrg":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115750"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (A...","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20RURAL%20ELECTRIFICATION%20(A..."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115750","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20RURAL%20ELECTRIFICATION%20(A..."]},{"id":"P61_F000478","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $50,000","explanation":"Russell Fry received campaign contributions totaling $50,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($15,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); SOUTHEASTERN LUMBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION ($5,000); BLUECROSS BLUESHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":50000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SOUTHEASTERN LUMBER MANUFACTURERS PAC","ldaClient":"SOUTHEASTERN LUMBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION PAC (LEASEPAC)","ldaClient":"EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUECROSS BLUESHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA PAC","ldaClient":"BLUECROSS BLUESHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_F000478","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $85,350 on 2023-03-31 (15.2× normal)","explanation":"Russell Fry's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $85,350 on 2023-03-31 — 15.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":144300,"maxRatio":15.2,"maxAmount":85350},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-03-31","amount":85350,"ratio":15.2,"baselineDaily":5608,"count":41,"cmteId":"C00786657","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00786657&min_date=2023-03-31&max_date=2023-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-27","amount":58950,"ratio":13.4,"baselineDaily":4410,"count":36,"cmteId":"C00786657","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00786657&min_date=2024-03-27&max_date=2024-03-27"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786657/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00786657&min_date=2023-03-31&max_date=2023-03-31"]},{"id":"P152_F000478","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Russell Fry operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.2M combined receipts)","explanation":"Russell Fry operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.2M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: DEEDS NOT WORDS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (C00569293) · FIGHTIN' RIGHT Y'ALL (C00820209).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.24,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00569293","cmteName":"DEEDS NOT WORDS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE"},{"cmteId":"C00820209","cmteName":"FIGHTIN' RIGHT Y'ALL"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00569293/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00820209/"]}],"M001235":[{"id":"P2_M001235_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Riley Moore serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Moore","https://www.mooreforwv.com/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001235"]},{"id":"P2_M001235_rrhhfl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Riley Moore serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riley_Moore","https://www.mooreforwv.com/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001235"]},{"id":"P6_M001235_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$726,377 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $726,377 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":726377,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_M001235_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$265,673 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $265,673 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":265673.14,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P9_M001235_c1daxs","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,115 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,115 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13115.28,"oppose":0,"net":13115.28,"events":2,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13115.28,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001235_y2s0yq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Riley Moore campaign paid $29,834,115 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: MOORE A SERIES LLC","explanation":"Riley Moore's campaign paid 198 disbursements totaling $29,834,115 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","total":16146400.339999998,"count":51,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":736620.47,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":731094.23,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":703490.83,"date":"2025-02-19","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":798012,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":472007,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":448608.56,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE LLC","total":1540844.4599999997,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":469273.19,"date":"2024-07-25","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":284206.49,"date":"2024-06-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":273971.69,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","total":1381289.02,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":259856,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"LITERATURE AND VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":215283,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) LITERATURE: PROMOTE KAINE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":199025,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) MAIL: OPPOSE GADE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":229937.77,"date":"2024-09-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":184197.86,"date":"2024-09-03","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":172003.1,"date":"2024-11-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MOORE%20A%20SERIES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P47_M001235_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Riley Moore sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_M001235","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $130,000","explanation":"Riley Moore received campaign contributions totaling $130,000 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); VALERO ENERGY ($10,000); CORE NATURAL RESOURCES, INC. FKA CONSOL ENERGY INC ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); ARCH RESOURCES, INC. (FORMERLY ARCH COAL, INC.) ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":130000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSOL ENERGY INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CORE NATURAL RESOURCES, INC. FKA CONSOL ENERGY INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC. PAC","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ARCH RESOURCES INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARCHPAC)","ldaClient":"ARCH RESOURCES, INC. (FORMERLY ARCH COAL, INC.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001235","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Riley Moore's campaign paid $6,542,206 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537)","explanation":"Riley Moore's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $6,542,206 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537 across 15 payments, services: GENERIC GOTV MAIL · VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE · PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542205.660000001,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"descriptions":["GENERIC GOTV MAIL","VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE & VAN ALLEN PLLC","total":617763.97,"count":3,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MARKETING","total":199510.41,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION DIRECT MAIL"]},{"payee":"MOORE INFORMATION GROUP","total":158700,"count":1,"descriptions":["SURVEY RESEARCH"]}],"surname":"moore"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4WV02205&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001235","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Riley Moore draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.8M PAC / $5.2M total)","explanation":"Riley Moore's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.8M of $5.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.24,"pacSharePct":34.3,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H4WV02205"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4WV02205/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_M001235","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Riley Moore — DW-NOMINATE 0.90 vs WV delegation mean 0.04 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Riley Moore's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.90) is 1.8 standard deviations from the WV delegation mean (0.04). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"WV","memberScore":0.898,"delegationMean":0.035142857142857135,"zscore":"1.85"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001309":[{"id":"P2_B001309_daa05k","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Burchett serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION'S TIAPAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION'S TIAPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Oversight","House Foreign Affairs","House Transportation"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://burchett.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-burchett-receives-committee-assignments-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Burchett","http://burchett.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_B001309_c22vez","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"DELTA AIR LINES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT gave $2,500 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Tim Burchett serves on committees regulating Transportation (Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $2,500 from DELTA AIR LINES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELTA AIR LINES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Oversight","House Foreign Affairs","House Transportation"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://burchett.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-burchett-receives-committee-assignments-116th-congress","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Burchett","http://burchett.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P15_B001309_4y5lsp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$105,950 donation spike on 2021-05-13 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-05-13 this committee recorded $105,950 across 54 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,181.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652149","date":"2021-05-13","amount":105950,"count":54,"baseline":11181,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001309_cmarwx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,500 donation spike on 2019-06-04 — 12.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-04 this committee recorded $78,500 across 39 contributions — 12.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,385.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652149","date":"2019-06-04","amount":78500,"count":39,"baseline":6385,"ratio":12.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001309_oenlmx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,100 donation spike on 2023-06-14 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-14 this committee recorded $74,100 across 31 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,246.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652149","date":"2023-06-14","amount":74100,"count":31,"baseline":6246,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001309_jmhz2x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,075 donation spike on 2020-08-06 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-06 this committee recorded $67,075 across 91 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,990.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652149","date":"2020-08-06","amount":67075,"count":91,"baseline":5990,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001309_4y68ql","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,375 donation spike on 2021-04-30 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-30 this committee recorded $57,375 across 31 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,716.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652149","date":"2021-04-30","amount":57375,"count":31,"baseline":5716,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001309_oenlnq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,100 donation spike on 2023-06-22 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-22 this committee recorded $57,100 across 27 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,189.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652149","date":"2023-06-22","amount":57100,"count":27,"baseline":8189,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001309_9q7eh6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,375 donation spike on 2022-03-24 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-24 this committee recorded $56,375 across 34 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,063.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652149","date":"2022-03-24","amount":56375,"count":34,"baseline":5063,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/"]},{"id":"P15_B001309_21njlz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,850 donation spike on 2018-10-17 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-17 this committee recorded $51,850 across 62 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,216.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652149","date":"2018-10-17","amount":51850,"count":62,"baseline":7216,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/"]},{"id":"P19_B001309_zgxa1g","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Burchett campaign paid $90,707 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: GOINS, NELSON","explanation":"Tim Burchett's campaign paid 52 disbursements totaling $90,707 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOINS, NELSON","total":49890.409999999996,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"GOINS, NELSON","amount":1936.88,"date":"2018-06-15","description":"SALARY, MILEAGE ($240.89)","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GOINS, NELSON","amount":1931.86,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GOINS, NELSON","amount":1931.86,"date":"2018-06-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOINS, ABBY","total":11084.42,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"GOINS, ABBY","amount":4084.42,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"FIELD CONSULTING & MILEAGE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GOINS, ABBY","amount":3500,"date":"2022-08-01","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GOINS, ABBY","amount":3500,"date":"2022-06-23","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLEA GOINS, CHANTEL","total":4900,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CLEA GOINS, CHANTEL","amount":1000,"date":"2020-09-08","description":"CONSULTING SERVICES - GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CLEA GOINS, CHANTEL","amount":1000,"date":"2020-08-10","description":"CONSULTING SERVICES - GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CLEA GOINS, CHANTEL","amount":1000,"date":"2020-07-09","description":"CONSULTING SERVICES - GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURCHETT, TIMOTHY","total":3000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BURCHETT, TIMOTHY","amount":3000,"date":"2009-03-09","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"burchett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOINS, RICHARD","total":2980.25,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GOINS, RICHARD","amount":2980.25,"date":"2023-10-21","description":"IN-KIND - TRANSPORTATION","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JERALD GOINS","total":2700,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JERALD GOINS","amount":2700,"date":"2016-03-08","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"goins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GOINS"]},{"id":"P29_B001309_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BURCHETT, Timothy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_B001309_DENN_20200212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DENN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tim Burchett sell $DENN 2 days before a corporate insider (Furlow Michael L.  (CIK 0001704139)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DENN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DENN","filer":"Furlow Michael L.  (CIK 0001704139)","filingDate":"2020-02-14","adsh":"0000852772-20-000019"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_B001309","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $43,711","explanation":"Tim Burchett received campaign contributions totaling $43,711 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($17,111); BRIAN DEBUSK ($6,600); TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION ($5,000); APTIM (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON) ($5,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":43711,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":17111,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEBUSK, BRIAN","ldaClient":"BRIAN DEBUSK","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION'S TIAPAC","ldaClient":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"APTIM CORP. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AKA APTIM PAC)","ldaClient":"APTIM (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001309","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $78,500 on 2019-06-04 (12.3× normal)","explanation":"Tim Burchett's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $78,500 on 2019-06-04 — 12.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":333425,"maxRatio":12.3,"maxAmount":78500},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-06-04","amount":78500,"ratio":12.3,"baselineDaily":6385,"count":39,"cmteId":"C00652149","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652149&min_date=2019-06-04&max_date=2019-06-04"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-14","amount":74100,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":6246,"count":31,"cmteId":"C00652149","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652149&min_date=2023-06-14&max_date=2023-06-14"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-08-06","amount":67075,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":5990,"count":91,"cmteId":"C00652149","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652149&min_date=2020-08-06&max_date=2020-08-06"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-04-30","amount":57375,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":5716,"count":31,"cmteId":"C00652149","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652149&min_date=2021-04-30&max_date=2021-04-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-24","amount":56375,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":5063,"count":34,"cmteId":"C00652149","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652149&min_date=2022-03-24&max_date=2022-03-24"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652149&min_date=2019-06-04&max_date=2019-06-04"]}],"M001163":[{"id":"P2_M001163_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $56,100 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $56,100 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":56100,"count":17,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_hi9evc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTI gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NEXSTAR PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NEXSTAR PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_w0psa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACT gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_nnxcd6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ECHOSTAR CORPORATION AND DISH NETWORK CO gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from ECHOSTAR CORPORATION AND DISH NETWORK CORPORATION PAC (ECHOSTAR DISH NETWORK PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ECHOSTAR CORPORATION AND DISH NETWORK CORPORATION PAC (ECHOSTAR DISH NETWORK PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_ofyfpo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL A gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (VERIZON PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (VERIZON PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_bcym72","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CTIA - THE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION POLITICA gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from CTIA - THE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CTIA - THE WIRELESS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_h0gpzm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTA PAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_r2v5he","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGA gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_so0et9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION POLIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_vk8usr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LUMEN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTIO gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from LUMEN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LUMEN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_fuxqzb","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POL gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NABPAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NABPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_r56zbn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGYPAC gave $4,500 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Energy (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $4,500 from PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGYPAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PG&E CORPORATION EMPLOYEES ENERGYPAC","total":4500,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_lklsat","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC. gave $4,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $4,000 from COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC., a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COX ENTERPRISES PAC (COXPAC) INC.","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_5kt2f8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE  gave $4,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $4,000 from NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BROADBAND PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BROADBAND PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P2_M001163_vy544o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL AC gave $3,500 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Doris Matsui serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,500 from CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Rules","Rules","Science","Transportation and Infrastructure","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-announces-committee-assignments-117th-congress","https://aspirepac.org/2023/06/05/rep-doris-o-matsui/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Matsui"]},{"id":"P9_M001163_2bnvw9","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$14,203 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $14,203 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":14202.879999999997,"oppose":0,"net":14202.879999999997,"events":34,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":11850,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":550.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":531.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":448.53000000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":408.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001163_o9y6lg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,301,189 / spent $1,287,442","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00165548","cmteName":"SAC PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":62500,"totalDisbursements":55131.7,"cashOnHand":16734.59},{"cmteId":"C00165548","cmteName":"SAC PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":31500,"totalDisbursements":26768.8,"cashOnHand":21465.84},{"cmteId":"C00165548","cmteName":"SAC PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":54600,"totalDisbursements":44741,"cashOnHand":31324.83},{"cmteId":"C00165548","cmteName":"SAC PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":196448.4,"totalDisbursements":219583.7,"cashOnHand":8189.49},{"cmteId":"C00165548","cmteName":"SAC PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":185510.8,"totalDisbursements":163525.8,"cashOnHand":30174.5}],"totalRaised":1301189.2,"totalSpent":1287442.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001163_ldbona","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"87% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $239,950 in itemized individual contributions, $209,350 (87%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":239950,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":0,"$500-$999":5300,"$1000-$1999":25300,"$2000 and over":209350},"megaShare":87.2,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001163_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Doris Matsui executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZM","date":"2020-09-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; 2020 Commercial Accountability Measure and Closure for S","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-08-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001163_uuv004","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Doris Matsui campaign paid $182,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor, top: HONORABLE ROBERT T. MATSUI","explanation":"Doris Matsui's campaign paid 7 disbursements totaling $182,000 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HONORABLE ROBERT T. MATSUI","total":182000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"HONORABLE ROBERT T. MATSUI","amount":50000,"date":"2004-07-07","description":"EXCESS FUNDS","surnameMatched":"matsui","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HONORABLE ROBERT T. MATSUI","amount":25000,"date":"2004-09-30","description":"TRANSFER OF EXCESS FUNDS","surnameMatched":"matsui","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HONORABLE ROBERT T. MATSUI","amount":25000,"date":"2003-03-28","description":"TRANSFER OF EXCESS FUNDS","surnameMatched":"matsui","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HONORABLE%20ROBERT%20T.%20MATSUI"]},{"id":"P34_M001163_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $20,000","explanation":"Doris Matsui's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NEXSTAR PAC)","total":10000,"matchedClient":"NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP INC","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (VERIZON PAC)","total":10000,"matchedClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001163","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 22 total findings","explanation":"Doris Matsui has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":22,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001163","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $215,000","explanation":"Doris Matsui received campaign contributions totaling $215,000 from 33 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 33 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC. ($10,000); COMMITTEE ON INVESTMENT OF EMPLOYEE BENEFIT ASSETS ($10,000); DISH NETWORK CORPORATION FORMERLY ECHOSTAR COMMUNI ($10,000); UNITED ASSN OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE PLU ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":33,"totalDollars":215000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NEXSTAR PAC)","ldaClient":"NEXSTAR MEDIA GROUP, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC)","ldaClient":"COMMITTEE ON INVESTMENT OF EMPLOYEE BENEFIT ASSETS INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ECHOSTAR CORPORATION AND DISH NETWORK CORPORATION PAC (ECHOSTAR DISH NETWORK PAC)","ldaClient":"DISH NETWORK CORPORATION FORMERLY ECHOSTAR COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE U.S. & CANADA LOCAL 447 FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED ASSN OF JOURNEYMEN & APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001163","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doris Matsui's campaign paid $87,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: HONORABLE ROBERT T. MATSUI ($82,000)","explanation":"Doris Matsui's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $87,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HONORABLE ROBERT T. MATSUI ($82,000 across 3 payments, services: EXCESS FUNDS). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":87000,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HONORABLE ROBERT T. MATSUI","total":82000,"count":3,"descriptions":["EXCESS FUNDS"]},{"payee":"MATSUI LEADERSHIP FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]}],"surname":"matsui"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6CA05195&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001163","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Doris Matsui draws 63% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.7M PAC / $26.5M total)","explanation":"Doris Matsui's FEC-bulk record shows 63% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.7M of $26.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.49,"pacSharePct":62.9,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6CA05195"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA05195/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001163","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doris Matsui's PAC funding concentrates 35% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Doris Matsui's PAC donors concentrate 35% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Healthcare $0.03M · Labor $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":34.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Healthcare":0.03,"Labor":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA05195/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P182_M001163_NatomasBasinFloodPro","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doris Matsui sponsored \"Natomas Basin Flood Protection Improvements Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Doris Matsui has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Natomas Basin Flood Protection Improvements Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M001163_CleanEnergyTechnolog","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doris Matsui sponsored \"Clean Energy Technology Manufacturing and Export Assistance \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Doris Matsui has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Clean Energy Technology Manufacturing and Export Assistance Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M001163_SmallBusinessCleanEn","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doris Matsui sponsored \"Small Business Clean Energy Financing Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Doris Matsui has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Small Business Clean Energy Financing Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001061":[{"id":"P2_C001061_sngt8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Helsinki Commission","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://cleaver.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Cleaver","http://cleaver.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_C001061_d29zon","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC gave $7,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $7,500 from PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS PAC","total":7500,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Helsinki Commission","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://cleaver.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Cleaver","http://cleaver.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_C001061_sovt95","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Helsinki Commission","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://cleaver.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Cleaver","http://cleaver.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_C001061_d8pyzx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Helsinki Commission","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://cleaver.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Cleaver","http://cleaver.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_C001061_b979tl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Helsinki Commission","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://cleaver.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Cleaver","http://cleaver.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_C001061_l2huan","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CAPITAL ONE ASSOCIATES POLITICAL FUND gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $3,500 from CAPITAL ONE ASSOCIATES POLITICAL FUND, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CAPITAL ONE ASSOCIATES POLITICAL FUND","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Helsinki Commission","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://cleaver.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Cleaver","http://cleaver.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_C001061_3bffj4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"MORGAN STANLEY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE gave $3,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $3,000 from MORGAN STANLEY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MORGAN STANLEY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Helsinki Commission","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["http://cleaver.house.gov","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Cleaver","http://cleaver.house.gov/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P9_C001061_vjb31c","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$16,025 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $16,025 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":16024.66,"oppose":0,"net":16024.66,"events":9,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13177.509999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":2482.2999999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":364.85,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001061_xvlmhm","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Emanuel Cleaver campaign paid $34,446 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: CLEAVER, EMANUEL II","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver's campaign paid 6 disbursements totaling $34,446 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLEAVER, EMANUEL II","total":15000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CLEAVER, EMANUEL II","amount":5000,"date":"2018-10-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO NOVEMBER GENERAL","surnameMatched":"cleaver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CLEAVER, EMANUEL II","amount":5000,"date":"2025-09-22","description":"FEDERAL","surnameMatched":"cleaver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CLEAVER, EMANUEL II","amount":5000,"date":"2012-03-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"cleaver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLEAVER","total":6673.78,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CLEAVER","amount":6673.78,"date":"2025-12-05","description":"SUB-VENDOR","surnameMatched":"cleaver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE CLEAVER CO.","total":6550.82,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE CLEAVER CO.","amount":6550.82,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"FUNDRAISING RECEPTION","surnameMatched":"cleaver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLEAVER II, EMANUEL","total":6221.29,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CLEAVER II, EMANUEL","amount":6221.29,"date":"2005-01-21","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"cleaver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CLEAVER"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CREDIT UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTION COUNCIL","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CREDIT%20UNION%20LEGISLATIVE%20ACTION%20COUNCIL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CREDIT%20UNION%20LEGISLATIVE%20ACTION%20COUNCIL"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CREDIT UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTION COUNCIL","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CREDIT%20UNION%20LEGISLATIVE%20ACTION%20COUNCIL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CREDIT%20UNION%20LEGISLATIVE%20ACTION%20COUNCIL"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_Greater_New_York_Insurance_Com_118613","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greater New York Insurance Companies testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-09-17 held a hearing titled \"The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002\". The witness Mrs. Elizabeth Heck (Greater New York Insurance Companies) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118613","title":"The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002","date":"2025-09-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Elizabeth Heck","witnessOrg":"Greater New York Insurance Companies","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118613"},{"source":"donor","name":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NY","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEW%20YORK%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118613","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEW%20YORK%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTI%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTI%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"CREDIT UNION LEGISLATIVE ACTION COUNCIL","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CREDIT%20UNION%20LEGISLATIVE%20ACTION%20COUNCIL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CREDIT%20UNION%20LEGISLATIVE%20ACTION%20COUNCIL"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_American_Council_of_Life_Insur_116725","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Council of Life Insurers (“ACLI”) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets, which on 2024-01-10 held a hearing titled \"Examining the DOL Fiduciary Rule: Implications for Retirement Savings and Access\". The witness Ms. Susan Neely (American Council of Life Insurers (“ACLI”)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets","eventId":"116725","title":"Examining the DOL Fiduciary Rule: Implications for Retirement Savings and Access","date":"2024-01-10T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Susan Neely","witnessOrg":"American Council of Life Insurers (“ACLI”)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116725"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20COUNCIL%20OF%20LIFE%20INSURERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116725","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20COUNCIL%20OF%20LIFE%20INSURERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTI%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTI%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_American_Property_and_Casualty_116462","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-10-24 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116462","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-10-24T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURERS PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_American_Property_and_Casualty_116528","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-11-02 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116528","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-11-02T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116528"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURERS PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116528","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001061_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTI%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTI%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_C001061","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $125,000","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver received campaign contributions totaling $125,000 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 19 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":125000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE PAC","ldaClient":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001061","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Emanuel Cleaver's campaign paid $13,225 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: CLEAVER ($6,674)","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $13,225 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CLEAVER ($6,674 across 1 payments, services: SUB-VENDOR). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":13224.599999999999,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CLEAVER","total":6673.78,"count":1,"descriptions":["SUB-VENDOR"]},{"payee":"THE CLEAVER CO.","total":6550.82,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING RECEPTION"]}],"surname":"cleaver"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MO05234&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001061","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Emanuel Cleaver draws 65% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.7M PAC / $25.7M total)","explanation":"Emanuel Cleaver's FEC-bulk record shows 65% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.7M of $25.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.66,"pacSharePct":65.1,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4MO05234"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MO05234/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001110":[{"id":"P2_C001110_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $239,080 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Luis Correa serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $239,080 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":239080,"count":31,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Judiciary","Judiciary","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/j-luis-correa-C001110/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Correa","https://data.augustachronicle.com/roll-call/member/correa-j-luis/C001110/?page=2"]},{"id":"P2_C001110_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Luis Correa serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Judiciary","Judiciary","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/j-luis-correa-C001110/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Correa","https://data.augustachronicle.com/roll-call/member/correa-j-luis/C001110/?page=2"]},{"id":"P2_C001110_rc2dr0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Luis Correa serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Judiciary","Judiciary","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/j-luis-correa-C001110/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Correa","https://data.augustachronicle.com/roll-call/member/correa-j-luis/C001110/?page=2"]},{"id":"P2_C001110_99kr5w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Luis Correa serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTATION POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTATION POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Judiciary","Judiciary","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://legisletter.org/legislator/j-luis-correa-C001110/committees","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Correa","https://data.augustachronicle.com/roll-call/member/correa-j-luis/C001110/?page=2"]},{"id":"P9_C001110_9uvocr","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,249 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $69,249 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":69249.14000000001,"oppose":0,"net":69249.14000000001,"events":19,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":69065.59,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":150.91,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004403","name":"SOUTHWEST REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":29.62,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":3.02,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006242","name":"CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS BALLOT ISSUES","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001110_rd4q4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Luis Correa campaign paid $3,374,626 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","explanation":"Luis Correa's campaign paid 94 disbursements totaling $3,374,626 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","total":2163298.3200000003,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2024-04-16","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTINEZ AND PARTNERS LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2024-04-05","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTINEZ - MARTINEZ LLC","total":213039.69999999998,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTINEZ - MARTINEZ LLC","amount":49240.75,"date":"2025-12-30","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MARTINEZ - MARTINEZ LLC","amount":30922.5,"date":"2025-04-18","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MARTINEZ - MARTINEZ LLC","amount":24372.4,"date":"2025-10-29","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTINEZ, DAMON P.","total":158000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTINEZ, DAMON P.","amount":91000,"date":"2019-03-31","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARTINEZ, DAMON P.","amount":50000,"date":"2019-03-31","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARTINEZ, DAMON P.","amount":17000,"date":"2019-03-31","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTINEZ & PARTNERS LLC","total":112483.15,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTINEZ & PARTNERS LLC","amount":45717.68,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"LEGAL RESEARCH, SUBCONTRACTOR: SPIROS CONSULTING LLC","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTINEZ & PARTNERS LLC","amount":32750,"date":"2023-05-15","description":"LEGAL RESEARCH, SUBCONTRACTOR: SPIROS CONSULTING LLC","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTINEZ & PARTNERS LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2022-12-01","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"REBECA A MARTINEZ LLC","total":104753.33,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"REBECA A MARTINEZ LLC","amount":14333.33,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"NON-CONTIRBUTION ACCOUNT: STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"REBECA A MARTINEZ LLC","amount":10309,"date":"2026-01-15","description":"NON-CONTRIBUITON ACCOUNT: STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"REBECA A MARTINEZ LLC","amount":10111,"date":"2025-12-15","description":"NON-CONTRIBUITON ACCOUNT: STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTINEZ, LORENA","total":83792.86,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTINEZ, LORENA","amount":83792.86,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"PEOPLE CENTER 12/19D: SALARY","surnameMatched":"martinez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARTINEZ%20AND%20PARTNERS%20LLC"]},{"id":"P47_C001110_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Luis Correa sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P58_C001110","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$69K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Luis Correa received $69,249.14 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($69,065.59 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":69249.14000000001,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2016":63724.130000000005,"2018":26.16,"2022":5750.880000000001},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":69065.59,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":150.91,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001722/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004403","name":"SOUTHWEST REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":29.62,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004403/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":3.02,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006242","name":"CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTERS BALLOT ISSUES","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006242/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_C001110","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $186,600","explanation":"Luis Correa received campaign contributions totaling $186,600 from 28 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 5 were exact-name matches, 23 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION ($15,000); UNITE HERE! ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI) ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":28,"totalDollars":186600,"exactMatches":5,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":15000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 12","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001110","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Luis Correa's campaign paid $56,935 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: CORREA, CRISTINA ($56,935)","explanation":"Luis Correa's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $56,935 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CORREA, CRISTINA ($56,935 across 5 payments, services: SALARY). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":56934.64,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CORREA, CRISTINA","total":56934.64,"count":5,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"correa"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6CA46116&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001110","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Luis Correa draws 63% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.9M PAC / $14.0M total)","explanation":"Luis Correa's FEC-bulk record shows 63% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.9M of $14.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.97,"pacSharePct":63.4,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6CA46116"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA46116/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C001110","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Luis Correa's PAC funding concentrates 61% in Technology ($0.24M / $0.39M classified)","explanation":"Luis Correa's PAC donors concentrate 61% in the Technology industry — $0.24M of $0.39M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.24M · Finance $0.08M · Labor $0.02M · Energy $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.24,"totalPacAmountM":0.39,"concentrationPct":61,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.24,"Finance":0.08,"Labor":0.02,"Energy":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA46116/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"E000299":[{"id":"P2_E000299_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $94,100 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Veronica Escobar serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $94,100 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":94100,"count":28,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Escobar","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-veronica-escobar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000299"]},{"id":"P2_E000299_7o0zr3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Veronica Escobar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Escobar","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-veronica-escobar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000299"]},{"id":"P2_E000299_k1t0hy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Veronica Escobar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARDINAL HEALTH INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Escobar","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-veronica-escobar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000299"]},{"id":"P2_E000299_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Veronica Escobar serves on committees regulating Finance (Legal, Technology, Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Escobar","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-veronica-escobar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000299"]},{"id":"P2_E000299_4sg1e2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC gave $4,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Veronica Escobar serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $4,500 from L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","total":4500,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Escobar","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-veronica-escobar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000299"]},{"id":"P2_E000299_99kr5w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $4,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Veronica Escobar serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology, Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $4,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTATION POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, TRANSPORTATION POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Escobar","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-veronica-escobar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000299"]},{"id":"P2_E000299_5grjsj","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE POLITIC gave $4,000 — member sits on Legal-regulating committee","explanation":"Veronica Escobar serves on committees regulating Legal (Legal, Technology, Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $4,000 from AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Legal PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Legal"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Escobar","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-veronica-escobar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000299"]},{"id":"P2_E000299_9ofb1v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Veronica Escobar serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Legal, Technology, Defense, Finance, Healthcare) and received $4,000 from AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Judiciary","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology","Defense","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Escobar","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-veronica-escobar/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/E000299"]},{"id":"P15_E000299_wgzjgq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,339 donation spike on 2025-02-18 — 16.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-18 this committee recorded $79,339 across 35 contributions — 16.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,930.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653923","date":"2025-02-18","amount":79339,"count":35,"baseline":4930,"ratio":16.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653923/"]},{"id":"P15_E000299_97d80f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,038 donation spike on 2023-04-04 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-04-04 this committee recorded $57,038 across 38 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,924.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653923","date":"2023-04-04","amount":57038,"count":38,"baseline":4924,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653923/"]},{"id":"P19_E000299_4giqs4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Veronica Escobar campaign paid $1,272,277 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","explanation":"Veronica Escobar's campaign paid 122 disbursements totaling $1,272,277 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","total":770651.3900000001,"count":60,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":35000,"date":"2024-12-18","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":20854.5,"date":"2017-11-14","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","total":292743.05,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":47500,"date":"2018-11-30","description":"ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":21553.81,"date":"2019-05-28","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES, TRAVEL, AND SHIPPING","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":21503.49,"date":"2019-07-05","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES","total":88811.2,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES","amount":12500,"date":"2022-02-08","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: BOOKKEEPING AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES","amount":8784.95,"date":"2022-10-04","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: BOOKKEEPING AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES","amount":8751,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: BOOKKEEPING AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","total":60233.63,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":22561.47,"date":"2016-11-23","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":7574.07,"date":"2016-04-05","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING  SERVICES & POSTAG","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":7525.85,"date":"2016-08-26","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, INC.","total":18771.74,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":11256.7,"date":"2019-01-07","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, INC.","amount":7515.04,"date":"2019-01-29","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELD BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","total":7657.35,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MELD BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":7657.35,"date":"2016-10-26","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MELE%20BRENGARTH%20%26%20ASSOCIATES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P61_E000299","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $109,600","explanation":"Veronica Escobar received campaign contributions totaling $109,600 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($9,600); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":109600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND INC PAC","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":9600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_E000299","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $79,339 on 2025-02-18 (16.1× normal)","explanation":"Veronica Escobar's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $79,339 on 2025-02-18 — 16.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":136377,"maxRatio":16.1,"maxAmount":79339},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-02-18","amount":79339,"ratio":16.1,"baselineDaily":4930,"count":35,"cmteId":"C00653923","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653923&min_date=2025-02-18&max_date=2025-02-18"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-04-04","amount":57038,"ratio":11.6,"baselineDaily":4924,"count":38,"cmteId":"C00653923","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653923&min_date=2023-04-04&max_date=2023-04-04"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653923/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653923&min_date=2025-02-18&max_date=2025-02-18"]},{"id":"P138_E000299","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Veronica Escobar draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $11.9M total)","explanation":"Veronica Escobar's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $11.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.9,"pacSharePct":44,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8TX16109"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX16109/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_E000299","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Veronica Escobar's PAC funding concentrates 59% in Technology ($0.09M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Veronica Escobar's PAC donors concentrate 59% in the Technology industry — $0.09M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.09M · Agriculture $0.02M · Labor $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":59.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.09,"Agriculture":0.02,"Labor":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX16109/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"F000471":[{"id":"P2_F000471_1bucvs","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION  gave $8,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $8,500 from AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FINANCIAL SERVICES ASSOCIATION PAC","total":8500,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_m5bezr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INSURPAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from INSURPAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INSURPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_os2075","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VISA INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from VISA INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VISA INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_de0aot","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_hd4hlw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"JPMORGAN CHASE  CO. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from JPMORGAN CHASE  CO. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JPMORGAN CHASE  CO. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_uqf9fe","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_6lq2ua","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,000 from DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_z03pi7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"TD BANK, N.A. PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $3,500 from TD BANK, N.A. PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TD BANK, N.A. PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_qpy8nm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOC. INT'L PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $3,500 from AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOC. INT'L PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOC. INT'L PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_F000471_edk14p","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Finance, Real Estate) and received $3,500 from NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Labor","Judiciary","Small Business","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["http://fitzgerald.house.gov/about","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000471","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)"]},{"id":"P6_F000471_ue6uxs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$274,223 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from US VETERANS ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION","explanation":"US VETERANS ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION spent $274,223 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 393 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00653386","name":"US VETERANS ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION","support":274223.48000000004,"oppose":0,"events":393}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653386/"]},{"id":"P10_F000471_1ykmuz","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $218,332 / spent $213,828","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00760694","cmteName":"SCONNIE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":20100,"totalDisbursements":5673.1,"cashOnHand":14426.87},{"cmteId":"C00760694","cmteName":"SCONNIE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":29784.7,"totalDisbursements":33333.6,"cashOnHand":10877.95},{"cmteId":"C00760694","cmteName":"SCONNIE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":108670,"totalDisbursements":103278.1,"cashOnHand":16269.83},{"cmteId":"C00760694","cmteName":"SCONNIE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":59777.3,"totalDisbursements":71543.2,"cashOnHand":4503.9}],"totalRaised":218332,"totalSpent":213828}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000471_thf812","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Fitzgerald campaign paid $699,454 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: FITZGERALD, MARY A","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald's campaign paid 46 disbursements totaling $699,454 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FITZGERALD, MARY A","total":220000,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"FITZGERALD, MARY A","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-10","description":"PRODUCTION COSTS","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, MARY A","amount":12500,"date":"2006-08-17","description":"EDITORIAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, MARY A","amount":12500,"date":"2006-05-25","description":"EDITORIAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FITZGERALD, STEVE","total":150000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"FITZGERALD, STEVE","amount":100000,"date":"2018-08-17","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, STEVE","amount":50000,"date":"2018-08-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARY ANN FITZGERALD","total":62500,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MARY ANN FITZGERALD","amount":15000,"date":"2003-04-17","description":"EDITING COST","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MARY ANN FITZGERALD","amount":12500,"date":"2003-09-17","description":"EDITING COST","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MARY ANN FITZGERALD","amount":12500,"date":"2003-08-21","description":"EDITING COST","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FITZGERALD, OLETA G.","total":46552,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"FITZGERALD, OLETA G.","amount":11638,"date":"2018-08-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, OLETA G.","amount":11638,"date":"2018-09-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, OLETA G.","amount":11638,"date":"2018-11-08","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FITZGERALD, EMILY ROBYN","total":39500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"FITZGERALD, EMILY ROBYN","amount":10500,"date":"2022-11-01","description":"TV PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, EMILY ROBYN","amount":10500,"date":"2023-01-03","description":"TV PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, EMILY ROBYN","amount":10500,"date":"2022-12-01","description":"TV PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FITZGERALD,SNYER & COMPANY","total":28203.980000000003,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"FITZGERALD,SNYER & COMPANY","amount":12041.17,"date":"2007-03-15","description":"AUDIT","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FITZGERALD,SNYER & COMPANY","amount":8081.46,"date":"2005-03-25","description":"AUDIT FEES","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FITZGERALD,SNYER & COMPANY","amount":8081.35,"date":"2004-04-16","description":"AUDIT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fitzgerald","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FITZGERALD"]},{"id":"P61_F000471","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $79,900","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald received campaign contributions totaling $79,900 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI ($9,900); GOOD NEIGHBOR HEALTHCARE CENTER ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":79900,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI COMMU, .","ldaClient":"FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI","donorTotal":9900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PLS GOOD NEIGHBOR PAC","ldaClient":"GOOD NEIGHBOR HEALTHCARE CENTER","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_F000471","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Fitzgerald's campaign paid $484,516 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: FITZGERALD, MARY A ($220,000)","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 40 payments totaling $484,516 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FITZGERALD, MARY A ($220,000 across 17 payments, services: PRODUCTION COSTS · EDITORIAL SERVICES · COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":484516,"paymentCount":40,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FITZGERALD, MARY A","total":220000,"count":17,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION COSTS","EDITORIAL SERVICES","COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"MARY ANN FITZGERALD","total":62500,"count":5,"descriptions":["EDITING COST","EDITING COSTS"]},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, OLETA G.","total":46552,"count":4,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"FITZGERALD, EMILY ROBYN","total":39500,"count":4,"descriptions":["TV PRODUCTION","COMMUNICATION CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FITZGERALD,SNYER & COMPANY","total":28203.980000000003,"count":3,"descriptions":["AUDIT","AUDIT FEES","AUDIT SERVICES"]}],"surname":"fitzgerald"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0WI05113&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_F000471","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Fitzgerald draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.3M PAC / $9.1M total)","explanation":"Scott Fitzgerald's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.3M of $9.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.26,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.08,"pacSharePct":46.9,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0WI05113"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WI05113/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"A000379":[{"id":"P2_A000379_1b3jhh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Alford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://alford.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=120","https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-rep-alford-to-serve-on-house-armed-services-agriculture-committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000379"]},{"id":"P2_A000379_5er36d","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION FEDERAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Alford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION FEDERAL PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://alford.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=120","https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-rep-alford-to-serve-on-house-armed-services-agriculture-committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000379"]},{"id":"P2_A000379_nkspx2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY-ADM PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Alford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY-ADM PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY-ADM PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://alford.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=120","https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-rep-alford-to-serve-on-house-armed-services-agriculture-committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000379"]},{"id":"P2_A000379_ljp4hr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Alford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from USA RICE FEDERATION PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://alford.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=120","https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-rep-alford-to-serve-on-house-armed-services-agriculture-committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000379"]},{"id":"P2_A000379_cted85","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATION POLITICAL ACT gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Alford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITEE/TURPAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITEE/TURPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://alford.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=120","https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-rep-alford-to-serve-on-house-armed-services-agriculture-committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000379"]},{"id":"P2_A000379_kgik8u","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Alford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://alford.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=120","https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-rep-alford-to-serve-on-house-armed-services-agriculture-committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000379"]},{"id":"P2_A000379_iuzjrw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE POLITICAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Alford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Defense, Agriculture, Finance, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (FROZEN FOOD PAC), a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FROZEN FOOD INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (FROZEN FOOD PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Agriculture","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Agriculture","Finance","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://alford.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=120","https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-rep-alford-to-serve-on-house-armed-services-agriculture-committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/A000379"]},{"id":"P6_A000379_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$503,270 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $503,270 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":503270.4,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P7_A000379_n4azki","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $692,829 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $692,829 opposing this member across 17 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":692829.23,"totalSupport":592075.4,"events":17,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SCHOOL FREEDOM FUND","oppose":692829.23}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_A000379_5z76p3","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $170,261 / spent $160,473","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00825398","cmteName":"MISSOURI TRUTH PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":15500,"totalDisbursements":14713,"cashOnHand":787},{"cmteId":"C00825398","cmteName":"MISSOURI TRUTH PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":80800,"totalDisbursements":70369,"cashOnHand":11218.03},{"cmteId":"C00825398","cmteName":"MISSOURI TRUTH PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":73960.6,"totalDisbursements":75390.6,"cashOnHand":9788.03}],"totalRaised":170260.6,"totalSpent":160472.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_A000379_zfhmff","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $1,833,880 in itemized individual contributions, $1,165,040 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1833880,"buckets":{"$200 and under":10029,"$200.01-$499":62652,"$500-$999":253757,"$1000-$1999":342402,"$2000 and over":1165040},"megaShare":63.5,"smallDonorShare":0.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000379_k2d6ft","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,810 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $76,810 across 40 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,501.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00792598","date":"2022-03-31","amount":76810,"count":40,"baseline":5501,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792598/"]},{"id":"P18_A000379_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mark Alford executed 3 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2026-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2026-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2026-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating and Streamlining the Department of Commerce's Privacy Act Regulations","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating and Streamlining the Department of Commerce's Privacy Act Regulations","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2026-02-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_A000379_lfsjvb","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Alford campaign paid $461,913 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: ALFORD, LAVONNE","explanation":"Mark Alford's campaign paid 82 disbursements totaling $461,913 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALFORD, LAVONNE","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ALFORD, LAVONNE","amount":100000,"date":"2020-10-29","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"alford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"APPEL FOR IOWA, INC.","total":97265,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA, INC.","amount":5000,"date":"2014-07-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA, INC.","amount":5000,"date":"2014-10-07","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA, INC.","amount":5000,"date":"2014-09-28","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"APPEL FOR IOWA INC","total":50200,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA INC","amount":5200,"date":"2013-07-21","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA INC","amount":5000,"date":"2013-09-25","description":"PRIMARY 2014 / HOUSE","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA INC","amount":5000,"date":"2013-09-05","description":"PRIMARY 2014","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"APPEL FOR IOWA","total":50000,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA","amount":5000,"date":"2014-10-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA","amount":5000,"date":"2014-06-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO CANDIDATES","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"APPEL FOR IOWA","amount":5000,"date":"2014-09-18","description":"FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALFORD, JOHN","total":33000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"ALFORD, JOHN","amount":10000,"date":"2003-06-16","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"alford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"ALFORD, JOHN","amount":10000,"date":"2012-11-13","description":"SALARY BONUS","surnameMatched":"alford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ALFORD, JOHN","amount":8000,"date":"2012-11-07","description":"SALARY BONUS","surnameMatched":"alford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"APPEL CITIZENS COMMITTEE","total":28823,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"APPEL CITIZENS COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"1982-09-08","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982},{"payee":"APPEL CITIZENS COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"1982-06-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982},{"payee":"APPEL CITIZENS COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"1982-08-15","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"appel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1982}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ALFORD"]},{"id":"P25_A000379_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"59% of PAC dollars ($216,031) come from Party industry","explanation":"Mark Alford receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":216031.19,"share":59.1,"totalPAC":365680.52,"pacCount":25},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":216031.19,"share":59.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":59649.33,"share":16.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":40000,"share":10.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":20000,"share":5.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_A000379","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Mark Alford has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_A000379_PYPL_20260316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PYPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mark Alford sell $PYPL 1 day before a corporate insider (Gill Michelle  (CIK 0001820540)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Gill Michelle  (CIK 0001820540)","filingDate":"2026-03-17","adsh":"0001633917-26-000055"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_A000379_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Mark Alford sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_A000379","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $74,000","explanation":"Mark Alford received campaign contributions totaling $74,000 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); INTEGRATED ONCOLOGY NETWORK ($9,000); MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION ($5,000); ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":74000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"US ONCOLOGY INC. NETWORK POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTEGRATED ONCOLOGY NETWORK","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY-ADM PAC","ldaClient":"ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_A000379","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $76,810 on 2022-03-31 (14.0× normal)","explanation":"Mark Alford's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $76,810 on 2022-03-31 — 14.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":76810,"maxRatio":14,"maxAmount":76810},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":76810,"ratio":14,"baselineDaily":5501,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00792598","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00792598&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792598/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00792598&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"]},{"id":"P78_A000379","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mark Alford appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (7); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/A000379","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_A000379","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Alford's campaign paid $141,500 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: ALFORD, LAVONNE ($100,000)","explanation":"Mark Alford's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 6 payments totaling $141,500 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ALFORD, LAVONNE ($100,000 across 1 payments, services: COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":141500,"paymentCount":6,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ALFORD, LAVONNE","total":100000,"count":1,"descriptions":["COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"ALFORD, JOHN","total":33000,"count":4,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONSULTING SERVICES","SALARY BONUS","POLITICAL CONSULTING FEES"]},{"payee":"ALFORD, LATRESSA W","total":8500,"count":1,"descriptions":["SENIOR CAMPAIGN CONSULTING SERVICES"]}],"surname":"alford"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2MO04207&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_A000379","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Alford draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.5M PAC / $6.9M total)","explanation":"Mark Alford's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.5M of $6.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.9,"pacSharePct":35.6,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2MO04207"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MO04207/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001228":[{"id":"P2_S001228_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Derek Schmidt serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Schmidt","https://legisletter.org/legislator/derek-schmidt-S001228/committees","http://schmidt.house.gov/media/press-releases/schmidt-appointed-armed-services-judiciary-committees"]},{"id":"P2_S001228_tgc0dx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Derek Schmidt serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Schmidt","https://legisletter.org/legislator/derek-schmidt-S001228/committees","http://schmidt.house.gov/media/press-releases/schmidt-appointed-armed-services-judiciary-committees"]},{"id":"P2_S001228_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Derek Schmidt serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance, Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Armed Services","Armed Services","Armed Services","Small Business","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Schmidt","https://legisletter.org/legislator/derek-schmidt-S001228/committees","http://schmidt.house.gov/media/press-releases/schmidt-appointed-armed-services-judiciary-committees"]},{"id":"P15_S001228_6v3w2w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,000 donation spike on 2025-10-27 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-27 this committee recorded $56,000 across 24 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,043.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00877373","date":"2025-10-27","amount":56000,"count":24,"baseline":4043,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877373/"]},{"id":"P19_S001228_r9ze28","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Derek Schmidt campaign paid $944,105 to 41 surname-matched vendors, top: SCHMIDT, ERIC","explanation":"Derek Schmidt's campaign paid 98 disbursements totaling $944,105 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHMIDT, ERIC","total":238868.9,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHMIDT, ERIC","amount":63901.9,"date":"2024-11-15","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, ERIC","amount":10000,"date":"2021-08-19","description":"DATA ANALYTICAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, ERIC","amount":10000,"date":"2023-07-31","description":"STAC LABS SUPPORT","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHMIDT, JEANNETTE","total":169084.03,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHMIDT, JEANNETTE","amount":40000,"date":"2006-03-28","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND REPAY LOAN","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, JEANNETTE","amount":40000,"date":"2012-03-30","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, JEANNETTE","amount":30000,"date":"2012-01-21","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVID J. CARLIN","total":59937.58,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":30426,"date":"2005-01-12","description":"FEA: FUNDRAISING INAUGURAL TICKETS","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":14998.97,"date":"2004-11-09","description":"FEA: VAN RENTAL & LODGING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":10046,"date":"2005-01-11","description":"FEA: FUNDRAISING INAUGURAL TICKETS","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHMIDT, BARBARA","total":58800,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHMIDT, BARBARA","amount":30800,"date":"2011-07-21","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, BARBARA","amount":28000,"date":"2010-12-21","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHMIDT, JEANNETTE H","total":42000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHMIDT, JEANNETTE H","amount":42000,"date":"2005-07-26","description":"PRIMARY LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHMIDT, CARL","total":40616.200000000004,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHMIDT, CARL","amount":14503.04,"date":"2005-03-21","description":",PAYMENT FOR REGISTERING VOTERS","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, CARL","amount":9358.08,"date":"2005-02-04","description":",PAYMENT FOR REGISTERING VOTERS","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, CARL","amount":8597.12,"date":"2004-08-23","description":",VOTER REG SERVICE","surnameMatched":"schmidt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCHMIDT"]},{"id":"P47_S001228_National_Association_of_Home_B_118074","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Small Business — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Derek Schmidt sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-04-01 held a hearing titled \"The Golden Age: Unleashing Main Street Through Deregulation\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"118074","title":"The Golden Age: Unleashing Main Street Through Deregulation","date":"2025-04-01T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118074"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118074","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_S001228_Georgia_s_Own_Credit_Union_117876","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Georgia's Own Credit Union testified before House Small Business — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Derek Schmidt sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks\". The witness Michael Sims (Georgia's Own Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"117876","title":"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Sims","witnessOrg":"Georgia's Own Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P61_S001228","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $134,900","explanation":"Derek Schmidt received campaign contributions totaling $134,900 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SPIRIT AEROSYSTEMS, INC. ($10,000); WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA ($10,000); NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":134900,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SPIRIT AEROSYSTEMS, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"SPIRIT AEROSYSTEMS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. PAC (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001228","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $56,000 on 2025-10-27 (13.9× normal)","explanation":"Derek Schmidt's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $56,000 on 2025-10-27 — 13.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":56000,"maxRatio":13.9,"maxAmount":56000},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-10-27","amount":56000,"ratio":13.9,"baselineDaily":4043,"count":24,"cmteId":"C00877373","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00877373&min_date=2025-10-27&max_date=2025-10-27"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877373/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00877373&min_date=2025-10-27&max_date=2025-10-27"]},{"id":"P90_S001228","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Derek Schmidt's campaign paid $497,499 to 17 surname-matched vendors — top: SCHMIDT, ERIC ($146,769)","explanation":"Derek Schmidt's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 38 payments totaling $497,499 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCHMIDT, ERIC ($146,769 across 10 payments, services: TRAVEL · DATA ANALYTICAL SERVICES · STAC LABS SUPPORT). Cycles covered: 1998, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":497499.4600000001,"paymentCount":38,"payeeCount":17,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCHMIDT, ERIC","total":146768.9,"count":10,"descriptions":["TRAVEL","DATA ANALYTICAL SERVICES","STAC LABS SUPPORT"]},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, JEANNETTE","total":79084.03,"count":4,"descriptions":["REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND REPAY LOAN","SEE BELOW - REIMBURSE EVENT EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"SCHMIDT FOR OHIO","total":53292,"count":5,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"SCHMIDT, CARL","total":40616.200000000004,"count":4,"descriptions":[",PAYMENT FOR REGISTERING VOTERS",",VOTER REG SERVICE","PAYMENT FOR REGISTERING VOTERS"]},{"payee":"SARAH SCHMIDT CONSULTING","total":36000,"count":2,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING - IE ONLY ACCOUNT"]}],"surname":"schmidt"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4KS02164&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_S001228","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Derek Schmidt draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.5M PAC / $4.5M total)","explanation":"Derek Schmidt's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.5M of $4.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.51,"pacSharePct":33.5,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4KS02164"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4KS02164/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"F000477":[{"id":"P2_F000477_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $30,600 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Foushee serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $30,600 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":30600,"count":10,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Foushee","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000477","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/valerie-foushee-22/"]},{"id":"P2_F000477_udem4r","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLIT gave $4,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Foushee serves on committees regulating Transportation (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Foushee","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000477","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/valerie-foushee-22/"]},{"id":"P2_F000477_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $2,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Valerie Foushee serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $2,500 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Science, Space, and Technology","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Foushee","https://clerk.house.gov/members/F000477","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/valerie-foushee-22/"]},{"id":"P6_F000477_t0m6mk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,621,658 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from JOBS AND DEMOCRACY PAC","explanation":"JOBS AND DEMOCRACY PAC spent $1,621,658 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00928374","name":"JOBS AND DEMOCRACY PAC","support":1621658.36,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00928374/"]},{"id":"P6_F000477_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,040,138 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $1,040,138 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":1040138.44,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P6_F000477_t06rz4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$600,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Article One PAC","explanation":"Article One PAC spent $600,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00931774","name":"Article One PAC","support":600000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00931774/"]},{"id":"P6_F000477_tze89j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$290,131 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DMFI PAC","explanation":"DMFI PAC spent $290,131 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":290131,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P15_F000477_vptih6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$132,380 donation spike on 2022-04-19 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-04-19 this committee recorded $132,380 across 140 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,684.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00794727","date":"2022-04-19","amount":132380,"count":140,"baseline":13684,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00794727/"]},{"id":"P15_F000477_vptih7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,550 donation spike on 2022-04-18 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-04-18 this committee recorded $82,550 across 58 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,772.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00794727","date":"2022-04-18","amount":82550,"count":58,"baseline":9772,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00794727/"]},{"id":"P19_F000477_qp5q6u","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Valerie Foushee campaign paid $8,013,564 to 27 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Valerie Foushee's campaign paid 91 disbursements totaling $8,013,564 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":82388.84,"date":"2021-11-15","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":75528.75,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":69184.86,"date":"2022-11-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","total":494516.20999999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":213593.8,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":102945.43,"date":"2025-09-25","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":67886.74,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON RIVER","total":230900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":75218.75,"date":"2012-07-12","description":"WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT & DESIGN","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":64531.25,"date":"2012-05-10","description":"INTERNET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","amount":45925,"date":"2013-11-21","description":"INTERNET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P31_F000477_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $3,714,079 supporting member — 1.3× their own $2,771,532 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.3×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":3714079.28,"events":39},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":2771532},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.34},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"JOBS AND DEMOCRACY PAC","support":1621658.36},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":1040138.44},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Article One PAC","support":600000}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_F000477","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $82,300","explanation":"Valerie Foushee received campaign contributions totaling $82,300 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL  ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($8,300); BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN ($7,500); NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION ($6,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":82300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES P E O P L E","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":8300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS & TRAINMEN PAC FUND","ldaClient":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":6500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_F000477","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Valerie Foushee draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.1M PAC / $5.5M total)","explanation":"Valerie Foushee's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.1M of $5.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.54,"pacSharePct":37.7,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2NC06114"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC06114/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000187":[{"id":"P2_W000187_svb8i1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION PAC (FICO PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxine Waters serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION PAC (FICO PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION PAC (FICO PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/maxine-waters/other-data?cycle=2020","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Waters","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/maxine-waters"]},{"id":"P2_W000187_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Maxine Waters serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/maxine-waters/other-data?cycle=2020","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine_Waters","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/maxine-waters"]},{"id":"P7_W000187_p5u3mf","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,479,779 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,479,779 opposing this member across 76 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2479779.36,"totalSupport":31280.97,"events":76,"topAttackers":[{"name":"BLUE WAVE ACTION D/B/A BWA","oppose":2268731.96},{"name":"VIGOP (VIRGIN ISLANDS REPUBLICAN PARTY)","oppose":115519.31999999998},{"name":"Stars and Stripes Forever PAC","oppose":89528.07999999999},{"name":"GREAT AMERICA PAC","oppose":5000},{"name":"ELBERT GUILLORY'S AMERICA","oppose":1000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000187_n4b670","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,352 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,352 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":15149.759999999998,"oppose":1797.33,"net":13352.429999999998,"events":29,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13368.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005822","name":"UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC","support":0,"oppose":1797.33,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":550.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":448.53000000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006150","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 721 CTW CLC","support":211.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_W000187_idmszq","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $776,715 / spent $773,262","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00248948","cmteName":"PEOPLE HELPING PEOPLE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":23600,"totalDisbursements":15379.5,"cashOnHand":8309.6},{"cmteId":"C00248948","cmteName":"PEOPLE HELPING PEOPLE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":40966.5,"totalDisbursements":42981.9,"cashOnHand":6294.17},{"cmteId":"C00248948","cmteName":"PEOPLE HELPING PEOPLE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":66538,"totalDisbursements":71942.1,"cashOnHand":890.11},{"cmteId":"C00248948","cmteName":"PEOPLE HELPING PEOPLE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":89000,"totalDisbursements":88871,"cashOnHand":2462.78},{"cmteId":"C00248948","cmteName":"PEOPLE HELPING PEOPLE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":95750,"totalDisbursements":73876.6,"cashOnHand":24336.21}],"totalRaised":776715.1,"totalSpent":773261.8999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_W000187_ls9dq5","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $174,696 in itemized individual contributions, $157,546 (90%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":174696,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":250,"$500-$999":4500,"$1000-$1999":12400,"$2000 and over":157546},"megaShare":90.2,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000187_ckntf2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maxine Waters campaign paid $670,553 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: CLEVELAND, WATERS AND BASS, P.A.","explanation":"Maxine Waters's campaign paid 32 disbursements totaling $670,553 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLEVELAND, WATERS AND BASS, P.A.","total":154963.31,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"CLEVELAND, WATERS AND BASS, P.A.","amount":37292.1,"date":"2019-09-06","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CLEVELAND, WATERS AND BASS, P.A.","amount":28679.99,"date":"2020-09-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CLEVELAND, WATERS AND BASS, P.A.","amount":25045,"date":"2020-05-28","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATERS, KAREN","total":149750,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"WATERS, KAREN","amount":42000,"date":"2018-09-21","description":"SLATE MAILER MANAGEMENT FEE (SEE AO 2004-37)","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WATERS, KAREN","amount":42000,"date":"2019-03-13","description":"SLATE MAILER MANAGEMENT FEE (SEE AO 2004-37)","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WATERS, KAREN","amount":22000,"date":"2019-05-24","description":"SLATE MAILER MANAGEMENT FEE (SEE AO 2004-37)","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR WATERS","total":92000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR WATERS","amount":30000,"date":"2016-05-16","description":"SLATE MAILER","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR WATERS","amount":27000,"date":"2018-05-29","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR WATERS","amount":25000,"date":"2018-10-26","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLEVELAND WATERS AND BASS P.A.","total":64251.5,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CLEVELAND WATERS AND BASS P.A.","amount":30000,"date":"2022-12-07","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CLEVELAND WATERS AND BASS P.A.","amount":17968.5,"date":"2023-05-17","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CLEVELAND WATERS AND BASS P.A.","amount":16283,"date":"2023-05-05","description":"DEBT REPAYMENT: LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LYNNE WATERS COMMUNICATIONS","total":60000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LYNNE WATERS COMMUNICATIONS","amount":60000,"date":"2006-12-21","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WAYLAND STATE BANK (TESTING THE WATERS LOAN)","total":31148.48,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WAYLAND STATE BANK (TESTING THE WATERS LOAN)","amount":31148.48,"date":"2006-12-27","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"waters","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CLEVELAND"]},{"id":"P36_W000187","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 7 total findings","explanation":"Maxine Waters has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":7,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_W000187_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Waters sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_W000187_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Waters sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_W000187_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $9,285.87 donor","explanation":"Maxine Waters sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,285.87 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":9285.869999999999,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_W000187_America_s_Credit_Unions_ACU__118324","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"America's Credit Unions (ACU) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Waters sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\". The witness Mr. Andrew Morris (America's Credit Unions (ACU)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andrew Morris","witnessOrg":"America's Credit Unions (ACU)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOC. OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS PAC NAFCU/PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOC.%20OF%20FEDERAL%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20NAFCU%2FPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOC.%20OF%20FEDERAL%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20NAFCU%2FPAC"]},{"id":"P47_W000187_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Waters sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOC. OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS PAC NAFCU/PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOC.%20OF%20FEDERAL%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20NAFCU%2FPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOC.%20OF%20FEDERAL%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20NAFCU%2FPAC"]},{"id":"P47_W000187_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $9,285.87 donor","explanation":"Maxine Waters sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,285.87 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":9285.869999999999,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_W000187_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Maxine Waters sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE FINANCE COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMERCIAL%20REAL%20ESTATE%20FINANCE%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMERCIAL%20REAL%20ESTATE%20FINANCE%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_W000187_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $9,285.87 donor","explanation":"Maxine Waters sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,285.87 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":9285.869999999999,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_W000187","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $118,285.87","explanation":"Maxine Waters received campaign contributions totaling $118,285.87 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY ($14,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES ($10,000); COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE FINANCE COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRU ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AD ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":118285.87,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY PAC (GM PAC)","ldaClient":"GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY","donorTotal":14000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE FINANCE COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE FINANCE COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOC. OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_W000187","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maxine Waters's campaign paid $631,345 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: CLEVELAND, WATERS AND BASS, P.A. ($154,963)","explanation":"Maxine Waters's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $631,345 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CLEVELAND, WATERS AND BASS, P.A. ($154,963 across 7 payments, services: LEGAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":631345.2799999999,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CLEVELAND, WATERS AND BASS, P.A.","total":154963.31,"count":7,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"WATERS, KAREN","total":149750,"count":6,"descriptions":["SLATE MAILER MANAGEMENT FEE (SEE AO 2004-37)"]},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR WATERS","total":92000,"count":4,"descriptions":["SLATE MAILER","PRINTING","SLATE MAILER PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"LYNNE WATERS COMMUNICATIONS","total":60000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEE"]},{"payee":"CLEVELAND WATERS AND BASS P.A.","total":47968.5,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES"]}],"surname":"waters"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA23011&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_W000187","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maxine Waters draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.4M PAC / $28.9M total)","explanation":"Maxine Waters's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.4M of $28.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.89,"pacSharePct":39.5,"cycleCount":42,"fecId":"H4CA23011"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA23011/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_W000187","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Maxine Waters's PAC funding concentrates 62% in Technology ($0.08M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Maxine Waters's PAC donors concentrate 62% in the Technology industry — $0.08M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.08M · Real Estate $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Finance $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":62.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.08,"Real Estate":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA23011/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P157_W000187","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maxine Waters ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 621 sponsored, 4,741 cosponsored","explanation":"Maxine Waters's congress.gov record shows 621 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":621,"cosponsoredCount":4741,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/maxine-waters/W000187","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_W000187","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maxine Waters ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,741 cosponsored, 621 sponsored","explanation":"Maxine Waters's congress.gov record shows 4,741 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4741,"sponsoredCount":621,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/maxine-waters/W000187","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_W000187_StopAIDSinPrisonActo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maxine Waters sponsored \"Stop AIDS in Prison Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Maxine Waters has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Stop AIDS in Prison Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"T000165":[{"id":"P2_T000165_poo13v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"ENERGY MARKETERS OF AMERICA PAC gave $3,500 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Thomas Tiffany serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Legal, Technology) and received $3,500 from ENERGY MARKETERS OF AMERICA PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENERGY MARKETERS OF AMERICA PAC","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Judiciary","Natural Resources","Judiciary","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/person/21989/thomas-p-tiffany","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000165","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Tiffany"]},{"id":"P6_T000165_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$633,888 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $633,888 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":633888.3999999999,"oppose":0,"events":21},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH PAC","total":3300}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_T000165_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$501,656 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $501,656 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 39 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":501655.73999999993,"oppose":0,"events":39}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_T000165_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$320,152 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION spent $320,152 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":320151.86,"oppose":0,"events":4},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM FUND","total":10800}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P8_T000165_s09a0q","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$149,392 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $149,392 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":149392,"events":1,"byYear":{"2020":149392},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":149392,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_T000165_83wwr1","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $3,453,154 in itemized individual contributions, $2,219,388 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3453154,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-231877,"$200.01-$499":252138,"$500-$999":406110,"$1000-$1999":807395,"$2000 and over":2219388},"megaShare":64.3,"smallDonorShare":-6.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000165_egdmei","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,650 donation spike on 2020-09-10 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-10 this committee recorded $96,650 across 109 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,517.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718635","date":"2020-09-10","amount":96650,"count":109,"baseline":10517,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718635/"]},{"id":"P15_T000165_7yqv5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,300 donation spike on 2021-06-17 — 13.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-17 this committee recorded $53,300 across 37 contributions — 13.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,991.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718635","date":"2021-06-17","amount":53300,"count":37,"baseline":3991,"ratio":13.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718635/"]},{"id":"P19_T000165_lxm4v7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Tiffany campaign paid $740,958 to 35 surname-matched vendors, top: DELGADO, TIFFANY","explanation":"Thomas Tiffany's campaign paid 91 disbursements totaling $740,958 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DELGADO, TIFFANY","total":121500,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"DELGADO, TIFFANY","amount":17500,"date":"2019-12-10","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DELGADO, TIFFANY","amount":14000,"date":"2020-01-29","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DELGADO, TIFFANY","amount":10000,"date":"2020-12-31","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHEDD, TIFFANY","total":106729.17,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"SHEDD, TIFFANY","amount":44500,"date":"2021-04-21","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT PRIMARY 2020","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SHEDD, TIFFANY","amount":27400,"date":"2020-10-29","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT PRIMARY 2018","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SHEDD, TIFFANY","amount":12500,"date":"2021-06-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT PRIMARY 2020","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMILEY, TIFFANY","total":84843.59,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SMILEY, TIFFANY","amount":19023.89,"date":"2025-04-22","description":"EXPENSE REIMB- SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SMILEY, TIFFANY","amount":16497.92,"date":"2025-06-10","description":"EXPENSE REIMB- SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SMILEY, TIFFANY","amount":15000,"date":"2025-09-03","description":"EXPENSE REIMB- SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEWMUIS, TIFFANY M","total":58796,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NEWMUIS, TIFFANY M","amount":58796,"date":"2016-11-25","description":"CONSULTING SERVICES - OUTREACH","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TIFFANY, LYLE","total":55349.37,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"TIFFANY, LYLE","amount":43833.37,"date":"2020-11-24","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"TIFFANY, LYLE","amount":11516,"date":"2020-11-18","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DENG, WANNONG TIFFANY","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DENG, WANNONG TIFFANY","amount":50000,"date":"2025-08-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"tiffany","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DELGADO"]},{"id":"P29_T000165_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with WI R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TIFFANY, Thomas P. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000165","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Thomas Tiffany has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_T000165","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $34,900","explanation":"Thomas Tiffany received campaign contributions totaling $34,900 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($10,000); FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI ($9,900); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($5,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":34900,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI COMMU, .","ldaClient":"FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI","donorTotal":9900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE TRADE INTERNATIONAL PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_T000165","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $53,300 on 2021-06-17 (13.4× normal)","explanation":"Thomas Tiffany's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $53,300 on 2021-06-17 — 13.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":53300,"maxRatio":13.4,"maxAmount":53300},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-17","amount":53300,"ratio":13.4,"baselineDaily":3991,"count":37,"cmteId":"C00718635","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718635&min_date=2021-06-17&max_date=2021-06-17"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718635/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718635&min_date=2021-06-17&max_date=2021-06-17"]},{"id":"P78_T000165","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 13 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Thomas Tiffany appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 13 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (3); daily donation spike (2); committee pac conflict (1); electioneering spend (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":13,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000165","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_T000165","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Tiffany's campaign paid $391,499 to 12 surname-matched vendors — top: DELGADO, TIFFANY ($121,500)","explanation":"Thomas Tiffany's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 27 payments totaling $391,499 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DELGADO, TIFFANY ($121,500 across 11 payments, services: FINANCE CONSULTING · POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":391499.14,"paymentCount":27,"payeeCount":12,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DELGADO, TIFFANY","total":121500,"count":11,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"SMILEY, TIFFANY","total":74690.48,"count":5,"descriptions":["EXPENSE REIMB- SEE MEMOS"]},{"payee":"NEWMUIS, TIFFANY M","total":58796,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONSULTING SERVICES - OUTREACH"]},{"payee":"STARK, TIFFANY","total":27970.66,"count":2,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"TIFFANY & CO","total":26250,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENT SOUVENIRS"]}],"surname":"tiffany"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0WI07101&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"M001225":[{"id":"P2_M001225_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $53,800 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Kevin Mullin serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $53,800 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":53800,"count":18,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-business-news/news/rep-kevin-mullin-appointed-%C2%A0house-committee-%C2%A0energy-and-commerce","https://www.kevinmullinforcongress.com","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001225"]},{"id":"P2_M001225_elpfjr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Kevin Mullin serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-business-news/news/rep-kevin-mullin-appointed-%C2%A0house-committee-%C2%A0energy-and-commerce","https://www.kevinmullinforcongress.com","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001225"]},{"id":"P2_M001225_nc20d9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $8,300 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Kevin Mullin serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $8,300 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS PAC VOLUNTARY FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS PAC VOLUNTARY FUND","total":8300,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-business-news/news/rep-kevin-mullin-appointed-%C2%A0house-committee-%C2%A0energy-and-commerce","https://www.kevinmullinforcongress.com","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001225"]},{"id":"P2_M001225_39nwzk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC gave $2,500 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Kevin Mullin serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $2,500 from COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-business-news/news/rep-kevin-mullin-appointed-%C2%A0house-committee-%C2%A0energy-and-commerce","https://www.kevinmullinforcongress.com","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001225"]},{"id":"P2_M001225_k0sc63","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC gave $2,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Kevin Mullin serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $2,500 from SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP PAC","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-business-news/news/rep-kevin-mullin-appointed-%C2%A0house-committee-%C2%A0energy-and-commerce","https://www.kevinmullinforcongress.com","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001225"]},{"id":"P6_M001225_uf9txj","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,112,174 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND US PAC","explanation":"DEFEND US PAC spent $1,112,174 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00634261","name":"DEFEND US PAC","support":1112174,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634261/"]},{"id":"P6_M001225_titvab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$425,117 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CRYPTO INNOVATION","explanation":"CRYPTO INNOVATION spent $425,117 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804732","name":"CRYPTO INNOVATION","support":425117.44,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804732/"]},{"id":"P19_M001225_ryqv3k","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin campaign paid $2,907,891 to 33 surname-matched vendors, top: MULLIN, MARKWAYNE MR.","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's campaign paid 85 disbursements totaling $2,907,891 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE MR.","total":1022000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE MR.","amount":442149.21,"date":"2024-12-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE MR.","amount":271000,"date":"2025-09-09","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE MR.","amount":133850.79,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OWENS, BILL","total":235491.96000000002,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":138855.68,"date":"2010-10-28","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":29046.5,"date":"2011-09-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":29000,"date":"2012-10-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHEPPARD MULLIN RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP","total":228381.45,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SHEPPARD MULLIN RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP","amount":53370.4,"date":"2025-09-03","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SHEPPARD MULLIN RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP","amount":52851.1,"date":"2026-02-02","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SHEPPARD MULLIN RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP","amount":48388.95,"date":"2026-01-30","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE","total":228000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE","amount":100000,"date":"2014-07-07","description":"REPAY LOAN","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE","amount":52250,"date":"2015-01-07","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE","amount":35000,"date":"2014-07-07","description":"REPAY LOAN","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OWENS CORNING FOUNDATION INC","total":196594.61,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"OWENS CORNING FOUNDATION INC","amount":196594.61,"date":"2025-03-14","description":"NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP","total":150000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP","amount":150000,"date":"2020-12-08","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mullin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MULLIN"]},{"id":"P26_M001225_b24t8u","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"COTCHETT, PITRE AND MCCARTHY, LLP","total":3300,"fara_registrant":"Cotchett, Pitre & McCarthy, LLP","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P34_M001225_5kyfbe","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $15,000","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. PAC","total":10000,"matchedClient":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY PAC (BMS PAC)","total":2500,"matchedClient":"BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. PAC, AKA BIOMARIN PAC","total":2500,"matchedClient":"BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001225_International_Association_of_F_116121","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Association of Fire Fighters testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Kevin Mullin sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-14 held a hearing titled \"Examining Proposals that Provide Access to Care for Patients and Support Research for Rare Diseases\". The witness Mr. Kevin O'Connor (International Association of Fire Fighters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116121","title":"Examining Proposals that Provide Access to Care for Patients and Support Research for Rare Diseases","date":"2023-06-14T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Kevin O'Connor","witnessOrg":"International Association of Fire Fighters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116121"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20FIRE%20FIGHTERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116121","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20FIRE%20FIGHTERS"]},{"id":"P54_M001225_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (RTX)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (RTX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["RTX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-22","billNumber":"HCONRES68","question":"On Agreeing to the Resolution","description":"To direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/68"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"HR7006","question":"On Passage","description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7006"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"HRES992","question":"On Agreeing to the Resolution","description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7006) the Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of State","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/992"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_M001225_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Energy votes — senator holds 3 Energy stocks (CVX, COP, VLO)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX, COP, VLO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","COP","VLO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"HR6938","question":"On Passage","description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6938"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"HR6938","question":"On Retaining Divisions B and C","description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6938"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"HR6938","question":"On Retaining Division A","description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6938"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_M001225_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 Healthcare votes — senator holds 5 Healthcare stocks (ABT, DHR, TMO, UNH, BSX)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (ABT, DHR, TMO, UNH, BSX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 2 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["ABT","DHR","TMO","UNH","BSX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-18","billNumber":"HR498","question":"On Passage","description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/498"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-18","billNumber":"HR498","question":"On Motion to Recommit","description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/498"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_M001225","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $87,900","explanation":"Kevin Mullin received campaign contributions totaling $87,900 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($8,300).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":87900,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL, AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS PAC VOLUNTARY FUND","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":8300,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_M001225","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 121 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 121 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): ABT, AXP, ELV, AAPL, AMAT, BLK, CSX, CAT, CVX, KO, CSEIX, CMCSA, COP, STZ, COST, … (106 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":121,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["ABT","AXP","ELV","AAPL","AMAT","BLK","CSX","CAT","CVX","KO","CSEIX","CMCSA","COP","STZ","COST","DHR","DE","EMR","FIMKX","GS","GICIX","AGTHX","HLT","HD","HON"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_M001225_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (RTX) — senator cast 4 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — RTX — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["RTX"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-22","billNumber":"HCONRES68","question":"On Agreeing to the Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/68"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"HR7006","question":"On Passage","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7006"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"HRES992","question":"On Agreeing to the Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/992"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_M001225_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Energy stocks (CVX, COP, VLO) — senator cast 3 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Energy stocks — CVX, COP, VLO — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","COP","VLO"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"HR6938","question":"On Passage","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6938"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"HR6938","question":"On Retaining Divisions B and C","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6938"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"HR6938","question":"On Retaining Division A","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6938"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_M001225_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 5 Healthcare stocks (ABT, DHR, TMO, UNH, BSX) — senator cast 2 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 5 Healthcare stocks — ABT, DHR, TMO, UNH, BSX — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 2 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["ABT","DHR","TMO","UNH","BSX"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-18","billNumber":"HR498","question":"On Passage","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/498"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-18","billNumber":"HR498","question":"On Motion to Recommit","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/498"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P68_M001225","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 11 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$10.5M","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 11 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $10,483,004. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ran (Farm/Ranch, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); S Elm Pl Description: Investment propert (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); N Shields Description: Investment proper (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hom (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $500,001 - $1,000,000); N 23rd St Description: Investment proper (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":11,"totalEstMidpoint":10483004,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"name":"S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"name":"N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"name":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"name":"N 23rd St Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_M001225","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $18.0M in personal liabilities (27% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $18,000,001 in personal liabilities against $66,595,416.5 in assets — a 27.0% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $18.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":18000001,"totalAssetMid":66595416.5,"leverageRatio":27,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2022 · Joint · Mortgage · None · 3.95%% (15 years) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Regent Bank Tulsa, OK · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2024 · Joint · Line of Credit · - · 6.09098%% (Revolving line of credit) · $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 · Bank of NY, NA Pittsburgh, PA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Acquired 64 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including KO, CSEIX, CMCSA, COP, STZ, COST","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 64 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: KO, CSEIX, CMCSA, COP, STZ, COST, FIMKX, GS, GICIX, AGTHX, EZU, IWB.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":64,"newTickers":["KO","CSEIX","CMCSA","COP","STZ","COST","FIMKX","GS","GICIX","AGTHX","EZU","IWB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_M001225","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: Mexico","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Mexico. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Mexico → New Mexico Fin Auth St Transn Rev Ref BDS Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 06/15/24 (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":1,"countries":["Mexico"],"byCountry":{"Mexico":[{"assetName":"New Mexico Fin Auth St Transn Rev Ref BDS Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 06/15/24","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001225","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 23 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kevin Mullin appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 23 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (5); pfd holding voted industry (3); spouse holding industry vote (3); ie support concentration (2); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":23,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":5},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001225","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_M001225_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 8 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including ALB, AIMC, HPQ, INVH, NTR, ORCL","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: ALB, AIMC, HPQ, INVH, NTR, ORCL, PWR, TTEK.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":8,"divestedTickers":["ALB","AIMC","HPQ","INVH","NTR","ORCL","PWR","TTEK"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/314cb4e0-b326-43be-adf7-e783beb591a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin filed 2 amendments to the 2025 Senate annual disclosure — 2 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Kevin Mullin's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2025 report alone, with 2 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2025,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":2,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b67ab0ce-52cb-43a1-85c3-2fbb491b5626/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d0dbedad-0aa4-42c9-87e6-33bd272693fe/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b67ab0ce-52cb-43a1-85c3-2fbb491b5626/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d0dbedad-0aa4-42c9-87e6-33bd272693fe/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Mullin discloses 8 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 8 unascertainable, 5% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 8 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 8 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 5% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":8,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":8,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.054,"samples":[{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin discloses 17 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 17 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin Properties LLC (Westvi · N Main St Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK · S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK) · N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":17,"properties":[{"name":"Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin Properties LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Property and Land in Oklahom","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"N Main St Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"39th St Description: Investment property (Oklahoma City, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Land on HWY 51 Description: Investment property (Stilwell, OK)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"5 Acres - Cruz Description: Investment property (Westville, OK)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"8 Acres - Rose Description: Investment property (Westville, OK)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 PFD: 146 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (97% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 146 reported holdings owned by Spouse (17), Joint (117), or Dependent (12) — 97% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Arvest Bank (Lowell, Arkansas) Type: Money Market Account · Spouse: The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance Trust Provider: Provident Trust Group · Joint: Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK) · Joint: Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Descr.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":17,"Joint":117,"Dependent":12,"Self":3},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.973,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Arvest Bank (Lowell, Arkansas) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance Trust Provider: Provident Trust Group","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Descr","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Descrip","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 PFD: 10 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 10 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · GICIX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":10,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance Trust Provider: Provident Trust Group","type":"Life Insurance Whole","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK)","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"GICIX","asset":"GICIX - Goldman Sachs Intl Small Cap Insights Fd Inst","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"AGTHX","asset":"AGTHX - The Growth Fund of America Class A Shares","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"IEFA","asset":"IEFA - EAFE Ishares Core MSCI ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"IEMG","asset":"IEMG - iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_M001225","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin's campaign paid $312,663 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: MULLIN, MARKWAYNE ($228,000)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 9 payments totaling $312,663 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MULLIN, MARKWAYNE ($228,000 across 5 payments, services: REPAY LOAN · LOAN PAYMENT). Cycles covered: 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":312663,"paymentCount":9,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE","total":228000,"count":5,"descriptions":["REPAY LOAN","LOAN PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"MULLIN, CHRISTOPHER","total":62663,"count":3,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING SERVICES","COMMUNICATION SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MULLIN, MARKWAYNE MR.","total":22000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYMENT"]}],"surname":"mullin"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CA14162&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin (California) discloses 15 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Oklahoma (15)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin represents California but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 15 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than California (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Oklahoma: 15. Sample: Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin Properties LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Property and Land  (Oklahoma) · N Main St Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK) (Oklahoma) · S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK) (Oklahoma).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"California","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":15,"byState":{"OK":15},"samples":[{"name":"Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin Properties LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Property and Land ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"OK"},{"name":"N Main St Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"OK"},{"name":"S Elm Pl Description: Investment property (Broken Arrow, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"OK"},{"name":"N Shields Description: Investment property (Moore, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"OK"},{"name":"39th St Description: Investment property (Oklahoma City, OK)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"OK"},{"name":"Land on HWY 51 Description: Investment property (Stilwell, OK)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"OK"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P92_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 PFD: 12 holdings owned by Dependent Child (6 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 12 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 6 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Ho · COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Pare · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Ho · COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Pare · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Ho.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":12,"highValueCount":6,"holdings":[{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"asset":"COP Hometown Parent LLC Company: COP Hometown Parent LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Home services ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P104_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 PFD lists 4 entities bearing the surname \"Mullin\" — top: The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 4 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Mullin\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance (asset) · Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle (asset) · Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: (asset) · Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Mullin","count":4,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"The Christie Renee Mullin Insurance Trust Provider: Provident Trust Group","type":"Life Insurance Whole"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Mullin Ranch LLC Description: Cattle Ranch (Westville, OK)","type":"Farm/Ranch"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Mullin Family Holdco LLC Company: Mullin Family Holdco LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Equity inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Mullin Properties LLC Company: Mullin Properties LLC (Westville, OK) Description: Property and Land ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 49 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — META ($35.2M), AMZN ($24.9M), LLY ($21.0M)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 49 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $345.2M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: META ($35.2M, 80 filings) · AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · LLY ($21.0M, 53 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings) · UNH ($17.0M, 31 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":49,"totalLobbyAcrossM":345.17,"holdings":[{"ticker":"META","totalLobby":35176250,"recordCount":80,"topClient":"META PLATFORMS INC. AND VARIOUS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"LLY","totalLobby":20985000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"ELI LILLY & COMPANY"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"UNH","totalLobby":16960000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC."},{"ticker":"TMUS","totalLobby":15084000,"recordCount":89,"topClient":"T-MOBILE USA INC."},{"ticker":"HON","totalLobby":12660000,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 10 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), MSFT (8,404), NKE (4,058)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 10 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 37,232 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · NKE (4,058 patents) · TXN (3,666 patents) · AMAT (2,738 patents) · HON (2,275 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":10,"totalPatents":37232,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"NKE","patentCount":4058,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"TXN","patentCount":3666,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"AMAT","patentCount":2738,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"HON","patentCount":2275,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"DE","patentCount":1618,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"CAT","patentCount":1307,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 4 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $16M) — top: ABT ($8.2M), HON ($2.8M), RTX ($2.6M)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $16M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: ABT ($8.2M, 12 contracts, Department of Veterans Affairs) · HON ($2.8M, 7 contracts, Department of Homeland Security) · RTX ($2.6M, 3 contracts, Department of Transportation) · EW ($2.5M, 60 contracts, Department of Veterans Affairs).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":4,"totalContractValueM":16.06,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ABT","total":8209969.99,"count":12,"agencies":["Department of Veterans Affairs"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"HON","total":2818221.0700000003,"count":7,"agencies":["Department of Homeland Security","General Services Administration","Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"RTX","total":2558117.42,"count":3,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"EW","total":2478470.17,"count":60,"agencies":["Department of Veterans Affairs"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_M001225","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.8M total receipts) — top: MULLIN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Kevin Mullin appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MULLIN VICTORY FUND (C00577361, $5.8M receipts, treasurer RALLS, STEVE). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.77,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00577361","name":"MULLIN VICTORY FUND","receipts":5771379.859999999,"treasurer":"RALLS, STEVE","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00577361/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00577361/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00577361/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P112_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P112_PFD_SIN_INDUSTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 1 sin-industry ticker on 2025 PFD across 1 category — Alcohol (STZ)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in sin / vice / controversial industries across 1 category: Alcohol — STZ. These industries are subject to ongoing federal regulatory debate and aligned with specific committee jurisdictions: tobacco (FDA Center for Tobacco Products, federal excise tax), alcohol (TTB regulation), gambling (state-by-state but federal sports-betting / online-poker debates), firearms (ATF rules, gun-control legislation in Senate Judiciary), private prisons (BOP contracts, ICE detention contracts, criminal-justice reform), and coal (EPA emissions rules, Mining Safety, federal-lands leases). When a senator holds these positions while voting on related legislation, the personal-portfolio conflict is direct and visible to constituents.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sin_industry","year":"2025","industries":[{"industry":"Alcohol","holdings":[{"ticker":"STZ","asset":"STZ - Constellation Brands Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"totalCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products","https://www.atf.gov/"]},{"id":"P113_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P113_PFD_HEALTH_INSURER_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 2 major US health-insurer tickers on 2025 PFD — ELV, UNH","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US health insurers (UnitedHealth UNH, Elevance/Anthem ELV, Cigna CI, Humana HUM, Centene CNC, Molina MOH). Health-insurer stock prices are directly affected by these policies — every committee vote on Medicare physician fee schedules, Medicare Advantage star ratings, prior-authorization requirements, or ACA risk-adjustment formulas moves the held stocks. This is the cleanest single-sector conflict signal next to defense contractors. Holdings: ELV ($15,001 - $50,000) · UNH ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_health_insurer","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ELV","asset":"ELV - Elevance Health Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"UNH","asset":"UNH - Unitedhealth Group Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onHealthCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.cms.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P114_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 5 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Judiciary/Commerce — AAPL, MSFT, META, GOOGL, AMZN","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Judiciary, Commerce, or related committee — committees with primary oversight of antitrust policy and tech regulation. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: AAPL ($250,001 - $500,000) · MSFT ($50,001 - $100,000) · META ($100,001 - $250,000) · GOOGL ($50,001 - $100,000) · AMZN ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"META","asset":"META - Meta Platforms, Inc. - Class A Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc. - Class A Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com Inc","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — RTX","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: RTX ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"RTX","asset":"RTX - RTX Corporation Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 6 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Foreign Relations/Banking — AMAT, KLAC, NVDA, TXN, LRCX","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 6 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. The senator sits on Commerce, Foreign Relations, Banking, Appropriations, or Intelligence — committees with direct jurisdiction over these policies. Holdings: AMAT ($50,001 - $100,000) · KLAC ($100,001 - $250,000) · NVDA ($100,001 - $250,000) · TXN ($50,001 - $100,000) · LRCX ($50,001 - $100,000) · AMD ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMAT","asset":"AMAT - Applied Materials, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"KLAC","asset":"KLAC - KLA Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TXN","asset":"TXN - Texas Instruments Incorporated - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"LRCX","asset":"LRCX - Lam Research Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"AMD","asset":"AMD - Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onChipCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P117_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 3 agribusiness tickers on 2025 PFD — CAT, DE, CTVA","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 agribusiness stock holdings — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: CAT ($50,001 - $100,000) · DE ($15,001 - $50,000) · CTVA (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CAT","asset":"CAT - Caterpillar Inc","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"DE","asset":"DE - Deere & Company Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CTVA","asset":"CTVA - Corteva Inc","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P119_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 2 telecom/cable tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Judiciary — CMCSA, TMUS","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Commerce, Communications subcommittee, or Judiciary Antitrust — committees with primary FCC oversight and telecom-merger review authority. The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: CMCSA (None (or less than $1,001)) · TMUS ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CMCSA","asset":"CMCSA - Comcast Corp A","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"TMUS","asset":"TMUS - T-Mobile US","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 3 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — AXP, GS, JPM","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: AXP ($50,001 - $100,000) · GS ($50,001 - $100,000) · JPM ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AXP","asset":"AXP - American Express Company","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"GS","asset":"GS - Goldman Sachs Group","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Company","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 3 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Energy/Environment — CVX, COP, VLO","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Energy & Natural Resources, Environment & Public Works, Interior, or Finance — committees with primary jurisdiction over federal oil-and-gas leases (BLM Form 3160), pipeline permitting (FERC), strategic petroleum reserve releases, methane-emission standards, and Inflation Reduction Act clean-energy tax-credit policies. Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: CVX ($15,001 - $50,000) · COP ($15,001 - $50,000) · VLO ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CVX","asset":"CVX - Chevron Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"COP","asset":"COP - ConocoPhillips Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"VLO","asset":"VLO - Valero Energy Corp","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 2 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — LLY, ZTS","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: LLY ($100,001 - $250,000) · ZTS ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LLY","asset":"LLY - Eli Lilly and Company Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ZTS","asset":"ZTS - Zoetis Inc Cl A","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin holds 2 asset-manager / PE-firm tickers on 2025 PFD — BLK, ICE","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: BLK ($50,001 - $100,000) · ICE ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BLK","asset":"BLK - Blackrock Inc","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","asset":"ICE - Intercontinental Exchange Inc. Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 PFD lists 84 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 84 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): ABT, AXP, ELV, AAPL, AMAT, BLK, CSX, CAT, CVX, KO.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":84,"sampleTickers":["ABT","AXP","ELV","AAPL","AMAT","BLK","CSX","CAT","CVX","KO","CSEIX","CMCSA","COP","STZ","COST","DHR","DE","EMR","FIMKX","GS","GICIX","AGTHX","HLT","HD","HON","ICE","EZU","IWB","IJR","IEFA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P133_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $48.6M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $48.6M (asset midpoint $66.6M minus liability midpoint $18.0M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":48595416,"netWorthM":48.6,"totalAssetMid":66595416.5,"totalLiabMid":18000001,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_M001225","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin's earliest disclosed PFD (2023) shows $63.6M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2023) shows total assets of $63.6M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 108; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2023","totalAssetMid":63595308,"assetCount":108,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b025a205-bede-4868-89ef-191320624eb0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b025a205-bede-4868-89ef-191320624eb0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_M001225","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Mullin draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.1M PAC / $5.4M total)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.1M of $5.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.4,"pacSharePct":39.3,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2CA14162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA14162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001225","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.03M · Agriculture $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":39.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.03,"Agriculture":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA14162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_M001225","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Mullin triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 45 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Kevin Mullin accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 45 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":45}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M001225","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Mullin triggers 46 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Kevin Mullin accumulates findings across 46 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 46 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":46,"sampleDetectors":["P2","P6","P19","P26","P34","P47","P54","P61","P63","P64","P68","P69","P74","P77","P78","P79","P82","P83","P84","P87","P88","P90","P91","P92","P104","P106","P107","P108","P109","P112"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 PFD shows 4 broad-market index funds (5% of 84 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 of 84 ticker holdings (5%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: IJR, IEMG, MDY, VO.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":4,"totalTickers":84,"ratio":0.05,"broadTickers":["IJR","IEMG","MDY","VO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P175_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 PFD reports $18.00M in total liabilities (3 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $18.00M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 3 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 27% of total assets ($66.60M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":18,"totalAssetMidM":66.6,"liabCount":3,"leverageRatio":0.27,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P192_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M001225_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Mullin — 86 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Kevin Mullin's 2025 Senate PFD shows 86 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":86,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1536b22a-9260-4cc9-9d88-736a81dfd3e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"W000814":[{"id":"P2_W000814_rk4ejd","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTI gave $10,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Weber serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://weber.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=HK25QJRHLNC7E","https://weber.house.gov/issues/issue/?IssueID=14990","https://weber.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000814_vy544o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL AC gave $10,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Weber serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://weber.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=HK25QJRHLNC7E","https://weber.house.gov/issues/issue/?IssueID=14990","https://weber.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000814_cngnor","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EXXONMOBIL CORP. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Weber serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from EXXONMOBIL CORP. PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EXXONMOBIL CORP. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://weber.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=HK25QJRHLNC7E","https://weber.house.gov/issues/issue/?IssueID=14990","https://weber.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000814_s9jzgv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"PHILLIPS 66 POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Weber serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from PHILLIPS 66 POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PHILLIPS 66 POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://weber.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=HK25QJRHLNC7E","https://weber.house.gov/issues/issue/?IssueID=14990","https://weber.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P2_W000814_fpbtem","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Randy Weber serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MARATHON PETROLEUM CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://weber.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=HK25QJRHLNC7E","https://weber.house.gov/issues/issue/?IssueID=14990","https://weber.house.gov/biography/committees.htm"]},{"id":"P10_W000814_1vjy2e","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $198,652 / spent $195,132","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00553883","cmteName":"BUILDING AMERICAN CONSERVATISM PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":2800,"totalDisbursements":208.4,"cashOnHand":2591.63},{"cmteId":"C00553883","cmteName":"BUILDING AMERICAN CONSERVATISM PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":23000,"totalDisbursements":15620.5,"cashOnHand":9971.16},{"cmteId":"C00553883","cmteName":"BUILDING AMERICAN CONSERVATISM PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":12700,"totalDisbursements":2006,"cashOnHand":20665.16},{"cmteId":"C00553883","cmteName":"BUILDING AMERICAN CONSERVATISM PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":19905,"totalDisbursements":28000,"cashOnHand":12570.16},{"cmteId":"C00553883","cmteName":"BUILDING AMERICAN CONSERVATISM PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":55285.6,"totalDisbursements":58648.8,"cashOnHand":9206.94}],"totalRaised":198652.30000000002,"totalSpent":195131.90000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_W000814_5p1zus","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $3,982,417 in itemized individual contributions, $2,532,351 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3982417,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-149251,"$200.01-$499":188339,"$500-$999":461363,"$1000-$1999":949615,"$2000 and over":2532351},"megaShare":63.6,"smallDonorShare":-3.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000814_2bc0tq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Randy Weber campaign paid $2,171,689 to 55 surname-matched vendors, top: WEBER, CRABB & WEIN, P.A.","explanation":"Randy Weber's campaign paid 183 disbursements totaling $2,171,689 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEBER, CRABB & WEIN, P.A.","total":1039999.4700000002,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"WEBER, CRABB & WEIN, P.A.","amount":150263.24,"date":"2025-09-12","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"WEBER, CRABB & WEIN, P.A.","amount":141415.68,"date":"2022-12-21","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEBER, CRABB & WEIN, P.A.","amount":101849.71,"date":"2025-10-24","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEBER PRINTING COMPANY","total":216527.56,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"WEBER PRINTING COMPANY","amount":46313.45,"date":"2020-10-20","description":"PRINTING - YARD SIGNS","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WEBER PRINTING COMPANY","amount":40353.75,"date":"2020-09-11","description":"BUTTONS, STICKERS, YARD SIGNS, PLACE CARDS","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WEBER PRINTING COMPANY","amount":25298.9,"date":"2020-09-23","description":"BUTTONS, STICKERS, YARD SIGNS, PLACE CARDS","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEBER PRINTING","total":152762.42,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"WEBER PRINTING","amount":36960,"date":"2006-11-01","description":"GENERIC DOOR HANGERS","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WEBER PRINTING","amount":12863.76,"date":"2010-07-19","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE - STATIONERY","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"WEBER PRINTING","amount":12614.98,"date":"2004-10-29","description":"GOTV WALK LITERATURE PRINTING","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NOLEN, GRAHAM","total":145421.2800000001,"count":47,"samples":[{"payee":"NOLEN, GRAHAM","amount":8542.71,"date":"2024-04-01","description":"NET WAGES","surnameMatched":"nolen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NOLEN, GRAHAM","amount":8000,"date":"2024-02-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"nolen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NOLEN, GRAHAM","amount":4887.59,"date":"2021-10-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"nolen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEBER SHANDWICK","total":79000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"WEBER SHANDWICK","amount":29000,"date":"2009-08-19","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"WEBER SHANDWICK","amount":20000,"date":"2003-06-13","description":"CONSULTING POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"WEBER SHANDWICK","amount":20000,"date":"2003-04-24","description":"CONSULTING ADMINISTRATION","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEBER, JEFFREY ANDREW","total":45000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WEBER, JEFFREY ANDREW","amount":45000,"date":"2016-08-01","description":"CONTRBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"weber","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WEBER"]},{"id":"P47_W000814_West_Virginians_for_Affordable_118890","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"West Virginians for Affordable Health Care testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Randy Weber sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2026-01-22 held a hearing titled \"Lowering Health Care Costs for All Americans: An Examination of Health Insurance Affordability\". The witness Ms. Ellen Allen (West Virginians for Affordable Health Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118890","title":"Lowering Health Care Costs for All Americans: An Examination of Health Insurance Affordability","date":"2026-01-22T14:45:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ellen Allen","witnessOrg":"West Virginians for Affordable Health Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118890"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118890","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION"]},{"id":"P47_W000814_Auto_Care_Association_118816","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Auto Care Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Randy Weber sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2026-01-13 held a hearing titled \"Examining Legislative Options to Strengthen Motor Vehicle Safety, Ensure Consumer Choice and Affordability, and Cement U…\". The witness Mr. Bill Hanvey (Auto Care Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"118816","title":"Examining Legislative Options to Strengthen Motor Vehicle Safety, Ensure Consumer Choice and Affordability, and Cement U.S. Automotive Leadership.","date":"2026-01-13T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Bill Hanvey","witnessOrg":"Auto Care Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118816"},{"source":"donor","name":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AUTO%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118816","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AUTO%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_W000814_American_Chemistry_Council_118897","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Chemistry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Randy Weber sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2026-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“Chemicals in Commerce: Legislative Proposal to Modernize America’s Chemical Safety Law, Strengthen Critical Supply Chai…\". The witness Dr. Kimberly White (American Chemistry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"118897","title":"“Chemicals in Commerce: Legislative Proposal to Modernize America’s Chemical Safety Law, Strengthen Critical Supply Chains, and Grow Domestic Manufacturing.”","date":"2026-01-22T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Kimberly White","witnessOrg":"American Chemistry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118897"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118897","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_W000814_American_Chemistry_Council_117835","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Chemistry Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Randy Weber sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2025-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”\". The witness Mr. Chris Jahn (American Chemistry Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"117835","title":"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”","date":"2025-01-22T15:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Jahn","witnessOrg":"American Chemistry Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20CHEMISTRY%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_W000814_Health_Care_Cost_Institute_116777","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Health Care Cost Institute testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Randy Weber sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2024-01-31 held a hearing titled \"Health Care Spending in the United States: Unsustainable for Patients, Employers, and Taxpayers\". The witness Ms. Katie Martin, MPA (Health Care Cost Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116777","title":"Health Care Spending in the United States: Unsustainable for Patients, Employers, and Taxpayers","date":"2024-01-31T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Katie Martin, MPA","witnessOrg":"Health Care Cost Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116777"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116777","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION"]},{"id":"P47_W000814_Community_Oncology_Alliance_116116","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Randy Weber sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats\". The witness Mr. Ted Okon, MBA (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116116","title":"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats","date":"2023-06-13T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ted Okon, MBA","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116"},{"source":"donor","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_W000814","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $162,502.2","explanation":"Randy Weber received campaign contributions totaling $162,502.2 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 19 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($29,002); WELLS FARGO ($14,000.2); STATE FEDERAL STRATEGIES ON BEHALF OF HEAT AND FRO ($10,000); VALERO ENERGY ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":162502.2,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":29002,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WELLS FARGO","ldaClient":"WELLS FARGO","donorTotal":14000.2,"exact":true},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HEAT & FROST INSULATORS AND ALL","ldaClient":"STATE FEDERAL STRATEGIES ON BEHALF OF HEAT AND FROST INSULATORS (LMCT)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_W000814","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Randy Weber named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Randy Weber appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Randy Weber","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-randy/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-randy/"]},{"id":"P90_W000814","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Randy Weber's campaign paid $1,670,819 to 14 surname-matched vendors — top: WEBER, CRABB & WEIN, P.A. ($1,039,999)","explanation":"Randy Weber's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 59 payments totaling $1,670,819 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WEBER, CRABB & WEIN, P.A. ($1,039,999 across 16 payments, services: LEGAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1670818.8599999999,"paymentCount":59,"payeeCount":14,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WEBER, CRABB & WEIN, P.A.","total":1039999.4700000002,"count":16,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"WEBER PRINTING COMPANY","total":216527.56,"count":11,"descriptions":["PRINTING - YARD SIGNS","BUTTONS, STICKERS, YARD SIGNS, PLACE CARDS","PRINTING - BUTTONS, LITERATURE"]},{"payee":"WEBER PRINTING","total":152762.42,"count":12,"descriptions":["GENERIC DOOR HANGERS","PRINTING EXPENSE - STATIONERY","GOTV WALK LITERATURE PRINTING"]},{"payee":"WEBER SHANDWICK","total":79000,"count":4,"descriptions":["COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","CONSULTING POLITICAL","CONSULTING ADMINISTRATION"]},{"payee":"GOLDFARB WEBER CREATIVE MEDIA","total":42109.51,"count":3,"descriptions":["MEDIA DEVELOPMENT","COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"weber"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2TX14149&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_W000814","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Randy Weber draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.5M PAC / $15.2M total)","explanation":"Randy Weber's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.5M of $15.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.21,"pacSharePct":36.2,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2TX14149"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX14149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000619":[{"id":"P2_R000619_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $15,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $15,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":15000,"count":3,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_lhhtvo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC gave $15,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $15,000 from AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":15000,"count":3,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_5ib3oi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"POLITICAL EDUCATION PATTERNS gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $10,000 from POLITICAL EDUCATION PATTERNS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"POLITICAL EDUCATION PATTERNS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_q6d5wl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $10,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_pusncq","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MEMORIALHEALTHPAC gave $6,600 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $6,600 from MEMORIALHEALTHPAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MEMORIALHEALTHPAC","total":6600,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_thh6lo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSO gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Energy (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_rrhhfl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKER gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $5,000 from THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Finance (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_dzko","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Energy (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $5,000 from THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (A..., a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (A...","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P2_R000619_g9pjcy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORAT gave $3,500 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Michael Rulli serves on committees regulating Energy (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Legal, Finance) and received $3,500 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Education and Workforce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Legal","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://www.salemnews.net/news/local-news/2025/01/rulli-gets-committee-subcommittee-assignments/","https://oab.org/advocacy/ohio-elected-officials/6th-district-of-ohio/","https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/community/2024/07/u-s-rep-michael-rulli-gets-committee-assignments/"]},{"id":"P26_R000619_b7jgno","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 20 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Michael Rulli's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"French Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc., New York","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce of Chicago","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Dominican Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_R000619","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $125,000","explanation":"Michael Rulli received campaign contributions totaling $125,000 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($15,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($15,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($15,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":125000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. PAC (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_R000619","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Rulli's campaign paid $322,405 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: RULLI FOR OHIO ($322,405)","explanation":"Michael Rulli's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 63 payments totaling $322,405 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: RULLI FOR OHIO ($322,405 across 63 payments, services: EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM DINA WILHEIM · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM TYLER WINKLEVOSS · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM ELON MUSK). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":322405.08,"paymentCount":63,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"RULLI FOR OHIO","total":322405.08,"count":63,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM DINA WILHEIM","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM TYLER WINKLEVOSS","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM ELON MUSK"]}],"surname":"rulli"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4OH06165&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_R000619","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Rulli draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.0M PAC / $4.1M total)","explanation":"Michael Rulli's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.0M of $4.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.98,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.06,"pacSharePct":48.7,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4OH06165"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4OH06165/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000788":[{"id":"P2_W000788_jes71","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC POLIT gave $9,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Nikema Williams serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $9,000 from BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BLACKROCK PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BLACKROCK PAC)","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000788","https://legisletter.org/legislator/nikema-williams-W000788/committees","https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/nikema-williams/"]},{"id":"P2_W000788_tyhgft","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Nikema Williams serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION CO, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. POLITICAL ACTION CO","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000788","https://legisletter.org/legislator/nikema-williams-W000788/committees","https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/nikema-williams/"]},{"id":"P2_W000788_fxoqm6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL AC gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Nikema Williams serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,000 from AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000788","https://legisletter.org/legislator/nikema-williams-W000788/committees","https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/nikema-williams/"]},{"id":"P2_W000788_sp7p6x","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD G gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Nikema Williams serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $3,500 from WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVERNMENT FEDERAL FUND II, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVERNMENT FEDERAL FUND II","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000788","https://legisletter.org/legislator/nikema-williams-W000788/committees","https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/nikema-williams/"]},{"id":"P2_W000788_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Nikema Williams serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $3,500 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/W000788","https://legisletter.org/legislator/nikema-williams-W000788/committees","https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/nikema-williams/"]},{"id":"P10_W000788_x1swqa","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $144,375 / spent $130,938","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00769216","cmteName":"THE GOOD TROUBLE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":31000,"totalDisbursements":5540,"cashOnHand":25460},{"cmteId":"C00769216","cmteName":"THE GOOD TROUBLE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":82900,"totalDisbursements":82125.8,"cashOnHand":26234.2},{"cmteId":"C00769216","cmteName":"THE GOOD TROUBLE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":30475,"totalDisbursements":43271.8,"cashOnHand":13437.41}],"totalRaised":144375,"totalSpent":130937.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000788_bxuqj8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nikema Williams campaign paid $11,158,506 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","explanation":"Nikema Williams's campaign paid 160 disbursements totaling $11,158,506 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","total":2780445.6000000006,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":1771360.21,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":286699.87,"date":"2006-01-26","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":197511.77,"date":"2005-05-19","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","total":1513553.55,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":398344.77,"date":"2004-08-19","description":"CONVENTION CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":333683.66,"date":"2020-08-14","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":212500,"date":"2016-04-12","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","total":1274004.2,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":266585.71,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":187368.24,"date":"2023-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":145123.55,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"TRANSFER NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","total":1133500.5,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":110600,"date":"2017-05-25","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":109000,"date":"2020-08-22","description":"DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":104937.31,"date":"2016-08-12","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","total":1095529.42,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":564559.42,"date":"2011-06-28","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":400920,"date":"2011-09-14","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":130050,"date":"2011-09-14","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","total":953642.3799999999,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":348822.6,"date":"2024-06-27","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":230730.8,"date":"2024-01-20","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":192150,"date":"2008-07-23","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WILLIAMS%20AND%20CONNOLLY%20LLP"]},{"id":"P47_W000788_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE, AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MI","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UAW%20-%20V%20-%20CAP%20(UAW%20VOLUNTARY%20COMMUNITY%20ACTION%20PROGRAM)%20'INT'L%20UNION%20UNITED%20AUTOMOBILE%2C%20AEROSPACE%20%26%20AGRICULTURAL%20IMPLEMENT%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20UAW"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UAW%20-%20V%20-%20CAP%20(UAW%20VOLUNTARY%20COMMUNITY%20ACTION%20PROGRAM)%20'INT'L%20UNION%20UNITED%20AUTOMOBILE%2C%20AEROSPACE%20%26%20AGRICULTURAL%20IMPLEMENT%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20UAW"]},{"id":"P47_W000788_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_W000788_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_W000788_America_s_Credit_Unions_ACU__118324","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"America's Credit Unions (ACU) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System\". The witness Mr. Andrew Morris (America's Credit Unions (ACU)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118324","title":"Framework for the Future: Reviewing Data Privacy in Today's Financial System","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andrew Morris","witnessOrg":"America's Credit Unions (ACU)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118324","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_W000788_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P47_W000788_and_American_Land_Title_Associ_117698","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"and American Land Title Association President-Elect testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-09-26 held a hearing titled \"Vanishing Independence: How FHFA’s Political Agenda Endangers Homeowners and Taxpayers\". The witness Mr. Richard Welshons (and American Land Title Association President-Elect) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117698","title":"Vanishing Independence: How FHFA’s Political Agenda Endangers Homeowners and Taxpayers","date":"2024-09-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Richard Welshons","witnessOrg":"and American Land Title Association President-Elect","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117698"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN LAND TITLE ASSOCIATION TITLE INDUSTRY PAC (TIPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20LAND%20TITLE%20ASSOCIATION%20TITLE%20INDUSTRY%20PAC%20(TIPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117698","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20LAND%20TITLE%20ASSOCIATION%20TITLE%20INDUSTRY%20PAC%20(TIPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_W000788_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_W000788_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $8,000 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $8,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":8000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20COUNCIL%20OF%20INSURANCE%20AGENTS%20%26%20BROKERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20COUNCIL%20OF%20INSURANCE%20AGENTS%20%26%20BROKERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_W000788_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nikema Williams sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_W000788","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $170,400","explanation":"Nikema Williams received campaign contributions totaling $170,400 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($53,400); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEME ($10,000); BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC ($9,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":170400,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":53400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE, AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","ldaClient":"UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BLACKROCK PAC)","ldaClient":"BLACKROCK FUNDS SERVICES GROUP LLC","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_W000788","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nikema Williams's campaign paid $2,194,576 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS ($1,128,881)","explanation":"Nikema Williams's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 18 payments totaling $2,194,576 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS ($1,128,881 across 9 payments, services: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS · NET DISTRIBUTION P2024 · GENERAL 2024). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2194575.65,"paymentCount":18,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","total":1128880.65,"count":9,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","NET DISTRIBUTION P2024","GENERAL 2024"]},{"payee":"WILLIAMS, ROGER","total":576000,"count":4,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"WILLIAMS, SYLVIA","total":238000,"count":2,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN"]},{"payee":"WILLIAMS, ALVIN","total":116680,"count":1,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGEMENT SALARY"]},{"payee":"WILLIAMS, SARA","total":71515,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE"]}],"surname":"williams"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0GA05301&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_W000788","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nikema Williams draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.5M PAC / $6.3M total)","explanation":"Nikema Williams's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.5M of $6.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.34,"pacSharePct":55.4,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0GA05301"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0GA05301/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_W000788","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nikema Williams's PAC funding concentrates 38% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Nikema Williams's PAC donors concentrate 38% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Agriculture $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Labor $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":38.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0GA05301/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"P000607":[{"id":"P2_P000607_kd6ez2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY A gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_379oou","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKER gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_lhhtvo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_4q8sr8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFT gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_79ibrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_r46x33","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATI gave $8,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Education (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $8,000 from NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","total":8000,"count":2,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_giwro","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE  gave $6,600 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $6,600 from ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":6600,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_sx9hxl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION C gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APP, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APP","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_gtpn1f","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_cf0bv3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS' ASSOCIAT gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_ve5cth","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS  gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_85z170","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH A gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_ah8xiw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLI gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_ckjemn","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ACTIVE AND RETIRED FEDERAL EMPL gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ACTIVE AND RETIRED FEDERAL EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM (NARFE-PAC), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ACTIVE AND RETIRED FEDERAL EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM (NARFE-PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_yvpbpp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_wgxgn2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEIU COPE FUND gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from SEIU COPE FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEIU COPE FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_6gx09p","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IBEW-COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $5,000 from IBEW-COPE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"IBEW-COPE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_4pduwc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (E gave $4,935 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $4,935 from ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (EDAF PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND PAC (EDAF PAC)","total":4934.55,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_vrmyre","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"UW CREDIT UNION gave $4,375 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $4,375 from UW CREDIT UNION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UW CREDIT UNION","total":4374.77,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_l5slr3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEE gave $3,300 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $3,300 from INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 139, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL 139","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_up88zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"END CITIZENS UNITED gave $3,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $3,000 from END CITIZENS UNITED, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"END CITIZENS UNITED","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_8qosaa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATION gave $3,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $3,000 from SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P2_P000607_kyl5t6","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTER gave $3,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Mark Pocan serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $3,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Education and Labor"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://pocan.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/pocan-announces-committee-assignments-for-116th-congress","https://clerk.house.gov/members/P000607","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pocan"]},{"id":"P10_P000607_q3rgg2","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,210,128 / spent $1,076,022","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00529693","cmteName":"BLUE MAJORITY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":33082.7,"totalDisbursements":26923.7,"cashOnHand":6159},{"cmteId":"C00529693","cmteName":"BLUE MAJORITY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":118500,"totalDisbursements":93438.9,"cashOnHand":31220.14},{"cmteId":"C00529693","cmteName":"BLUE MAJORITY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":167300,"totalDisbursements":157997.2,"cashOnHand":40522.96},{"cmteId":"C00529693","cmteName":"BLUE MAJORITY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":181249.6,"totalDisbursements":201739,"cashOnHand":20033.58},{"cmteId":"C00529693","cmteName":"BLUE MAJORITY PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":185974.2,"totalDisbursements":143244.7,"cashOnHand":62763.02}],"totalRaised":1210127.7,"totalSpent":1076021.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000607_7wbs1h","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Pocan campaign paid $34,500 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: DECLIVE-LOWE, LIAM","explanation":"Mark Pocan's campaign paid 3 disbursements totaling $34,500 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DECLIVE-LOWE, LIAM","total":24000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DECLIVE-LOWE, LIAM","amount":24000,"date":"2020-02-10","description":"CONSULTANT - GENERAL CAMPAIGN STRATEGY","surnameMatched":"lowe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POCAN, MARK MR.","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POCAN, MARK MR.","amount":10000,"date":"2011-11-15","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"pocan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POPE-ROBERTS, SONDY","total":500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POPE-ROBERTS, SONDY","amount":500,"date":"2010-09-22","description":"79TH ASSMBLY DIST/WI","surnameMatched":"pope-roberts","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DECLIVE-LOWE"]},{"id":"P61_P000607","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $171,200","explanation":"Mark Pocan received campaign contributions totaling $171,200 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTW ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":171200,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_P000607","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Pocan draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.6M PAC / $17.0M total)","explanation":"Mark Pocan's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.6M of $17.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.55,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.96,"pacSharePct":50.4,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2WI02124"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2WI02124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_P000607","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Pocan's PAC funding concentrates 32% in Labor ($0.05M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Mark Pocan's PAC donors concentrate 32% in the Labor industry — $0.05M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.05M · Technology $0.03M · Agriculture $0.02M · Energy $0.02M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":31.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.05,"Technology":0.03,"Agriculture":0.02,"Energy":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2WI02124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_P000607","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Pocan ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,694 cosponsored, 168 sponsored","explanation":"Mark Pocan's congress.gov record shows 4,694 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4694,"sponsoredCount":168,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/mark-pocan/P000607","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"R000617":[{"id":"P2_R000617_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Delia Ramirez serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-delia-ramirez/","https://lulac.org/gala26/speakers/ramirez/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delia_Ramirez"]},{"id":"P2_R000617_c173cw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY A gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Delia Ramirez serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare) and received $10,000 from UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Veterans' Affairs","Veterans' Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-delia-ramirez/","https://lulac.org/gala26/speakers/ramirez/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delia_Ramirez"]},{"id":"P6_R000617_tze89j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$492,043 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DMFI PAC","explanation":"DMFI PAC spent $492,043 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":492042.58,"oppose":143348.18,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P6_R000617_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$447,400 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICA (also direct donor)","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $447,400 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":447400,"oppose":0,"events":5},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL PAC WFP","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P6_R000617_uxfp7o","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$398,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC spent $398,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00513176","name":"Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC","support":398000,"oppose":0,"events":3},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CONGRESSIONAL PROGRESSIVE CAUCUS PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00513176/"]},{"id":"P6_R000617_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$261,831 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $261,831 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":261830.92,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P19_R000617_rjnfkq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Delia Ramirez campaign paid $1,607,879 to 32 surname-matched vendors, top: MUKHERJEE, VALERIE RAMIREZ","explanation":"Delia Ramirez's campaign paid 71 disbursements totaling $1,607,879 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MUKHERJEE, VALERIE RAMIREZ","total":1075460.74,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MUKHERJEE, VALERIE RAMIREZ","amount":1010000,"date":"2020-11-12","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MUKHERJEE, VALERIE RAMIREZ","amount":50000,"date":"2021-03-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MUKHERJEE, VALERIE RAMIREZ","amount":15460.74,"date":"2021-03-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAMIREZ, ALEXANDRA","total":74066.84000000001,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"RAMIREZ, ALEXANDRA","amount":26178.15,"date":"2022-12-02","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RAMIREZ, ALEXANDRA","amount":5499.27,"date":"2023-12-22","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RAMIREZ, ALEXANDRA","amount":5499.26,"date":"2023-11-24","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAMIREZ, GUSTIN","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RAMIREZ, GUSTIN","amount":50000,"date":"2012-07-12","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RODRIGUEZ RAMIREZ, PABLO","total":43003.87,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ RAMIREZ, PABLO","amount":13400.11,"date":"2024-11-01","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COMPENSATION 10/16-10/31/24","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ RAMIREZ, PABLO","amount":7400.94,"date":"2024-11-15","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF 11/1-11/15/2024","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ RAMIREZ, PABLO","amount":7400.94,"date":"2024-12-30","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF 12/16-12/31/2024","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RAMIREZ, ANDRES","total":35000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"RAMIREZ, ANDRES","amount":15000,"date":"2022-12-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RAMIREZ, ANDRES","amount":10000,"date":"2024-12-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RAMIREZ, ANDRES","amount":5000,"date":"2003-11-21","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEAMAN, RAMIREZ & SMITH, INC.","total":34613.75,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"TEAMAN, RAMIREZ & SMITH, INC.","amount":13000,"date":"2003-08-06","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"TEAMAN, RAMIREZ & SMITH, INC.","amount":6200,"date":"2003-02-19","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"TEAMAN, RAMIREZ & SMITH, INC.","amount":5193.75,"date":"2020-05-08","description":"COMPLIANCE REPORTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ramirez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MUKHERJEE"]},{"id":"P29_R000617_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RAMIREZ, Delia voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":2,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":5,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_R000617_tze89j","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"DMFI PAC both supported ($492,043) and opposed ($143,348) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Delia Ramirez advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":492042.58,"oppose":143348.18,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P61_R000617","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $68,000","explanation":"Delia Ramirez received campaign contributions totaling $68,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328 ($10,000); UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEME ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":68000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","ldaClient":"UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_R000617","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Delia Ramirez's campaign paid $484,707 to 21 surname-matched vendors — top: FRANK RAMIREZ CAMPAIGN ($95,000)","explanation":"Delia Ramirez's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 55 payments totaling $484,707 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FRANK RAMIREZ CAMPAIGN ($95,000 across 7 payments, services: NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE - NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT · STATE & LOCAL). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":484706.88000000006,"paymentCount":55,"payeeCount":21,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FRANK RAMIREZ CAMPAIGN","total":95000,"count":7,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE - NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","STATE & LOCAL"]},{"payee":"RAMIREZ, ALEXANDRA","total":74066.84000000001,"count":10,"descriptions":["SALARY","SALARIES"]},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ RAMIREZ, PABLO","total":43003.87,"count":5,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COMPENSATION 10/16-10/31/24","ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF 11/1-11/15/2024","ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF 12/16-12/31/2024"]},{"payee":"RAMIREZ, ANDRES","total":35000,"count":4,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","CAMPAIGN CONSULTING FEE","POLITICAL CONSULTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"RAMIREZ, MELODY","total":32500,"count":4,"descriptions":["CONSULTANT - FUNDRAISING"]}],"surname":"ramirez"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2IL03162&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_R000617","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Delia Ramirez draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.1M PAC / $6.8M total)","explanation":"Delia Ramirez's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.1M of $6.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.11,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.84,"pacSharePct":30.9,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2IL03162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL03162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_R000617","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Delia Ramirez's PAC funding concentrates 59% in Technology ($0.09M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Delia Ramirez's PAC donors concentrate 59% in the Technology industry — $0.09M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.09M · Labor $0.03M · Defense $0.02M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":59.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.09,"Labor":0.03,"Defense":0.02,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL03162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"C001087":[{"id":"P2_C001087_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_bgehxp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DELTA AIR LINES PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Transportation (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $10,000 from DELTA AIR LINES PAC, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"DELTA AIR LINES PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_ljp4hr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC gave $9,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $9,000 from USA RICE FEDERATION PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC","total":9000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_e33h0","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MISSISSIPPI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION FURTH gave $7,500 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $7,500 from MISSISSIPPI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION FURTHERING AGRICULTURE FO, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MISSISSIPPI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION FURTHERING AGRICULTURE FO","total":7500,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_sgwuqi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PA gave $7,500 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $7,500 from NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC","total":7500,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_jw3vpc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN SOYBEAN ASSOCIATION PAC gave $6,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $6,000 from AMERICAN SOYBEAN ASSOCIATION PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN SOYBEAN ASSOCIATION PAC","total":6000,"count":2,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_kwoz7t","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP. PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_5xa9b8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CROPLIFE AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMIT gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from CROPLIFE AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CROPLIFE AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_kg9n5z","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION P gave $5,000 — member sits on Transportation-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Transportation (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Transportation PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Transportation"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_bec1lg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"JOHN DEERE PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from JOHN DEERE PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JOHN DEERE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_lzbn0g","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TYSON FOODS INC. PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from TYSON FOODS INC. PAC, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TYSON FOODS INC. PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_wmqlf2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_agwcfl","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY PAC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_s3a8ej","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORP gave $3,300 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Technology (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $3,300 from WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION POLITICAL AC, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION POLITICAL AC","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P2_C001087_nx2fnw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"PARSONS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COM gave $3,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $3,000 from PARSONS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"PARSONS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Permanent Select on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001087","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/C001087/117"]},{"id":"P7_C001087_epnnvo","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,786,628 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,786,628 opposing this member across 38 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1786627.66,"totalSupport":6192.049999999999,"events":38,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":1771175.4},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":15452.26}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001087_plyrgi","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $738,608 / spent $676,878","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00570770","cmteName":"RURAL AMERICA COUNTS PAC (RAC PAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":1000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":1000},{"cmteId":"C00570770","cmteName":"RURAL AMERICA COUNTS PAC (RAC PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":85250,"totalDisbursements":88453.1,"cashOnHand":5531.04},{"cmteId":"C00570770","cmteName":"RURAL AMERICA COUNTS PAC (RAC PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":300533,"totalDisbursements":297100.6,"cashOnHand":8963.41},{"cmteId":"C00570770","cmteName":"RURAL AMERICA COUNTS PAC (RAC PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":91025,"totalDisbursements":84951.6,"cashOnHand":15036.77},{"cmteId":"C00570770","cmteName":"RURAL AMERICA COUNTS PAC (RAC PAC)","year":"2024","totalReceipts":213800,"totalDisbursements":100415.9,"cashOnHand":128420.89}],"totalRaised":738608,"totalSpent":676878.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001087_g952u1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,900 donation spike on 2022-05-04 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-04 this committee recorded $60,900 across 58 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,442.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462374","date":"2022-05-04","amount":60900,"count":58,"baseline":7442,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462374/"]},{"id":"P15_C001087_pyci4j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,400 donation spike on 2012-05-21 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-21 this committee recorded $58,400 across 81 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,724.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462374","date":"2012-05-21","amount":58400,"count":81,"baseline":7724,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462374/"]},{"id":"P15_C001087_b9yuwv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,702 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 14.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $51,702 across 58 contributions — 14.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,547.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462374","date":"2011-06-30","amount":51702,"count":58,"baseline":3547,"ratio":14.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462374/"]},{"id":"P19_C001087_3nzmaq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric “Rick” Crawford campaign paid $3,935,038 to 33 surname-matched vendors, top: HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford's campaign paid 189 disbursements totaling $3,935,038 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAWFORD, TIMOTHY","total":653826.6,"count":50,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAWFORD, TIMOTHY","amount":20000,"date":"2010-07-06","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crawford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CRAWFORD, TIMOTHY","amount":16800,"date":"2014-04-01","description":"CONSULTANT-FUNDRAISING AND COMPLIANCE, PRINTING, BOOKS","surnameMatched":"crawford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CRAWFORD, TIMOTHY","amount":15000,"date":"2010-11-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"crawford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE CRAWFORD GROUP INC","total":159000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"THE CRAWFORD GROUP INC","amount":75000,"date":"2018-07-06","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crawford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"THE CRAWFORD GROUP INC","amount":39000,"date":"2019-01-16","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crawford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"THE CRAWFORD GROUP INC","amount":25000,"date":"2019-04-09","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crawford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAWFORD, RICK","total":132600,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAWFORD, RICK","amount":70000,"date":"2010-10-19","description":"RENEW/EXTEND LOAN TO 4/19/2011","surnameMatched":"crawford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CRAWFORD, RICK","amount":62600,"date":"2011-01-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT (PAYOFF)","surnameMatched":"crawford","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","total":115347.09000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":36406.63,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2008-04-10","description":"GENERIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":26018.33,"date":"2025-08-06","description":"POLITICAL FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUCKABY%20DAVIS%20LISKER"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_National_Pork_Producers_Counci_118529","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Pork Producers Council testified before House Agriculture — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Agriculture, which on 2025-07-23 held a hearing titled \"\"An Examination of the Implications of Proposition 12\"\". The witness Mr. Patrick Hord (National Pork Producers Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"118529","title":"\"An Examination of the Implications of Proposition 12\"","date":"2025-07-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Patrick Hord","witnessOrg":"National Pork Producers Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118529"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118529","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_Council_of_Producers_and_Distr_118519","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA) testified before House Agriculture — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Agriculture, which on 2025-07-22 held a hearing titled \"\"Past Breakthroughs and Future Innovations in Crop Production\"\". The witness Mr. Terry Abbott (Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"118519","title":"\"Past Breakthroughs and Future Innovations in Crop Production\"","date":"2025-07-22T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Terry Abbott","witnessOrg":"Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118519"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118519","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_AgWest_Farm_Credit_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AgWest Farm Credit testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $6,500 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mrs. Mandy Minick (AgWest Farm Credit) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,500 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Mandy Minick","witnessOrg":"AgWest Farm Credit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","total":6500,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $6,000 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNION PACIFIC CORP FUND FOR EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT","total":6000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNION%20PACIFIC%20CORP%20FUND%20FOR%20EFFECTIVE%20GOVERNMENT"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNION%20PACIFIC%20CORP%20FUND%20FOR%20EFFECTIVE%20GOVERNMENT"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_Southwest_Airlines_Pilots_Asso_118346","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Southwest Airlines Pilots Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-06-04 held a hearing titled \"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"\". The witness Captain Jody Reven (Southwest Airlines Pilots Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"118346","title":"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"","date":"2025-06-04T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Captain Jody Reven","witnessOrg":"Southwest Airlines Pilots Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346"},{"source":"donor","name":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TX","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SOUTHWEST%20AIRLINES%20PILOTS'%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMM"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SOUTHWEST%20AIRLINES%20PILOTS'%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMM"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_Aircraft_Owners_and_Pilots_Ass_118346","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-06-04 held a hearing titled \"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"\". The witness Mr. Darren Pleasance (Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"118346","title":"\"FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024: Stakeholder Perspectives on Implementation One Year Later\"","date":"2025-06-04T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Darren Pleasance","witnessOrg":"Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIRCRAFT OWNERS AND PILOTS ASSOCIATIONS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIRCRAFT%20OWNERS%20AND%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATIONS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118346","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIRCRAFT%20OWNERS%20AND%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATIONS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_Arkansas_Electric_Cooperative__117823","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, which on 2025-02-11 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Clean Water Act Permitting and Project Delivery\"\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hasten (Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","eventId":"117823","title":"\"America Builds: Clean Water Act Permitting and Project Delivery\"","date":"2025-02-11T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hasten","witnessOrg":"Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117823"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION NRECA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20NRECA"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117823","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20NRECA"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_Aircraft_Owners_and_Pilots_Ass_115435","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Securing the Future of General Aviation\". The witness Mr. Mark Baker (Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115435","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Securing the Future of General Aviation","date":"2023-03-09T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Mark Baker","witnessOrg":"Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115435"},{"source":"donor","name":"AIRCRAFT OWNERS AND PILOTS ASSOCIATIONS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIRCRAFT%20OWNERS%20AND%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATIONS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115435","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AIRCRAFT%20OWNERS%20AND%20PILOTS%20ASSOCIATIONS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_National_Cattlemen_s_Beef_Asso_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $7,500 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. Todd Wilkinson (National Cattlemen's Beef Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,500 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Todd Wilkinson","witnessOrg":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC","total":7500,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_National_Pork_Producers_Counci_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Pork Producers Council testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. Scott Hays (National Pork Producers Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Scott Hays","witnessOrg":"National Pork Producers Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_National_Cotton_Council_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Cotton Council testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $9,000 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Shawn Holladay (National Cotton Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $9,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Shawn Holladay","witnessOrg":"National Cotton Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCE","total":9000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TN","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL%20OF%20AMERICA%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20THE%20ADVANCE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL%20OF%20AMERICA%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20THE%20ADVANCE"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_National_Association_of_Home_B_115291","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment — also a $7,000 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, which on 2023-02-08 held a hearing titled \"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of the Biden Administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) Rule\". The witness Ms. Alicia Huey (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","eventId":"115291","title":"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of the Biden Administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) Rule","date":"2023-02-08T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Alicia Huey","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115291"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILD PAC)","total":7000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILD%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115291","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILD%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_C001087_National_Rural_Electric_Cooper_116129","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association testified before House Agriculture — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford sits on House Agriculture, which on 2023-06-21 held a hearing titled \"“Closing the Digital Divide in Rural America”\". The witness The Honorable Jim Matheson (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"116129","title":"“Closing the Digital Divide in Rural America”","date":"2023-06-21T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Jim Matheson","witnessOrg":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116129"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION NRECA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20NRECA"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116129","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20NRECA"]},{"id":"P61_C001087","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $177,319.48","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford received campaign contributions totaling $177,319.48 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ARVEST BANK ($19,319.48); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); DELTA AIR LINES ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":177319.48,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"ARVEST BANK","ldaClient":"ARVEST BANK","donorTotal":19319.480000000003,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DELTA AIR LINES PAC","ldaClient":"DELTA AIR LINES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICES PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001087","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $51,702 on 2011-06-30 (14.6× normal)","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $51,702 on 2011-06-30 — 14.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":51702,"maxRatio":14.6,"maxAmount":51702},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-06-30","amount":51702,"ratio":14.6,"baselineDaily":3547,"count":58,"cmteId":"C00462374","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00462374&min_date=2011-06-30&max_date=2011-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462374/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00462374&min_date=2011-06-30&max_date=2011-06-30"]},{"id":"P90_C001087","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric “Rick” Crawford's campaign paid $1,123,948 to 12 surname-matched vendors — top: CRAWFORD, TIMOTHY ($653,827)","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 74 payments totaling $1,123,948 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CRAWFORD, TIMOTHY ($653,827 across 50 payments, services: FINANCE CONSULTING · CONSULTANT-FUNDRAISING AND COMPLIANCE, PRINTING, BOOKS · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING AND COMPLIANCE). Cycles covered: 2010, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1123948.27,"paymentCount":74,"payeeCount":12,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CRAWFORD, TIMOTHY","total":653826.6,"count":50,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING","CONSULTANT-FUNDRAISING AND COMPLIANCE, PRINTING, BOOKS","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING AND COMPLIANCE"]},{"payee":"SUSAN CRAWFORD FOR WISCONSIN","total":195000,"count":11,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION","NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"CRAWFORD, RICK","total":70000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RENEW/EXTEND LOAN TO 4/19/2011"]},{"payee":"CRAWFORD, CHRISTOPHER","total":43170,"count":2,"descriptions":["PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CRAWFORD CREATIVE","total":34249.24,"count":2,"descriptions":["WEB VIDEOS","MEDIA"]}],"surname":"crawford"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0AR01083&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001087","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric “Rick” Crawford draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.3M PAC / $18.4M total)","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.3M of $18.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.27,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.38,"pacSharePct":50.4,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0AR01083"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AR01083/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C001087","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eric “Rick” Crawford's PAC funding concentrates 45% in Agriculture ($0.04M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"Eric “Rick” Crawford's PAC donors concentrate 45% in the Agriculture industry — $0.04M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.04M · Finance $0.02M · Transportation $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":44.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.04,"Finance":0.02,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Technology":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AR01083/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"M001224":[{"id":"P2_M001224_8ey9n3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TEXAS SPINE AND JOINT HOSPITAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Nathaniel Moran serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $10,000 from TEXAS SPINE AND JOINT HOSPITAL PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TEXAS SPINE AND JOINT HOSPITAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ethics","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Moran","https://moran.house.gov","https://moran.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=LMIAAGFJVWQ3Q"]},{"id":"P2_M001224_2fslh4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"UNION PACIFIC CORP. FUND FOR EFFECTIVE G gave $4,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Nathaniel Moran serves on committees regulating Labor (Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Legal, Technology, Pharma, Education, Labor) and received $4,000 from UNION PACIFIC CORP. FUND FOR EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UNION PACIFIC CORP. FUND FOR EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ethics","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Legal","Technology","Pharma","Education","Labor"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Moran","https://moran.house.gov","https://moran.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=LMIAAGFJVWQ3Q"]},{"id":"P11_M001224_x0na42","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $1,305,249 in itemized individual contributions, $837,391 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1305249,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1815,"$200.01-$499":44481,"$500-$999":148453,"$1000-$1999":276739,"$2000 and over":837391},"megaShare":64.2,"smallDonorShare":-0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001224_bccorb","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nathaniel Moran campaign paid $6,249,801 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: MORAN FOR KANSAS","explanation":"Nathaniel Moran's campaign paid 78 disbursements totaling $6,249,801 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","total":5375334.300000003,"count":54,"samples":[{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","amount":2407213.64,"date":"2008-11-24","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","amount":277457.64,"date":"2021-10-20","description":"TRANSFER: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS, GROSS CONTRIBUTIONS $340,550.00","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","amount":183248.28,"date":"2023-12-01","description":"TRANSFER: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS, OVERALL GROSS CONTRIBUTIONS $254,550.00","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORAN FOR KANSAS INC","total":380590.88,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS INC","amount":69909.9,"date":"2021-09-29","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTH CMTEE OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS INC","amount":55458.95,"date":"2021-12-28","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTH CMTEE OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS INC","amount":49404.25,"date":"2021-06-30","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTH CMTEE OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR BRIAN MORAN","total":175000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR BRIAN MORAN","amount":50000,"date":"2009-05-27","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR BRIAN MORAN","amount":50000,"date":"2009-03-25","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR BRIAN MORAN","amount":50000,"date":"2008-12-18","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALMER, SUSAN MORAN","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PALMER, SUSAN MORAN","amount":100000,"date":"2018-11-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OSORIO, AMARILIS MORAN MRS.","total":76975,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"OSORIO, AMARILIS MORAN MRS.","amount":30400,"date":"2010-09-16","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"OSORIO, AMARILIS MORAN MRS.","amount":25200,"date":"2010-08-17","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"OSORIO, AMARILIS MORAN MRS.","amount":21375,"date":"2013-05-07","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORAN, MATTHEW","total":53700,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MORAN, MATTHEW","amount":33000,"date":"2011-11-11","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MORAN, MATTHEW","amount":20700,"date":"2010-10-22","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moran","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MORAN%20FOR%20KANSAS"]},{"id":"P25_M001224_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"78% of PAC dollars ($418,520) come from Party industry","explanation":"Nathaniel Moran receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":418519.94000000006,"share":78.4,"totalPAC":533919.9400000001,"pacCount":21},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":418519.94000000006,"share":78.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":26800,"share":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":25000,"share":4.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":24600,"share":4.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001224","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $44,600","explanation":"Nathaniel Moran received campaign contributions totaling $44,600 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($9,600); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); PLAINS COTTON GROWERS, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":44600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":9600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PLAINS COTTON GROWERS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"PLAINS COTTON GROWERS, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001224","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nathaniel Moran's campaign paid $1,004,632 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: MORAN FOR KANSAS ($708,506)","explanation":"Nathaniel Moran's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $1,004,632 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MORAN FOR KANSAS ($708,506 across 16 payments, services: DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS · EARMARKED DONATIONS). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1004631.8299999998,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MORAN FOR KANSAS","total":708505.8299999998,"count":16,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","EARMARKED DONATIONS"]},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR BRIAN MORAN","total":175000,"count":4,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MORAN, MATTHEW","total":53700,"count":2,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MORAN GRAPHICS","total":27426,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRINTING"]},{"payee":"MORAN, MAGGIE","total":20000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"moran"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2TX01112&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001224","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nathaniel Moran draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.3M PAC / $7.0M total)","explanation":"Nathaniel Moran's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.3M of $7.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.04,"pacSharePct":33.3,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2TX01112"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX01112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000395":[{"id":"P2_R000395_ufuh17","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (S gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SERCO PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SERCO PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://halrogers.house.gov/committee-assignments","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000395","https://ktc.uky.edu/hal-roger-congressman/"]},{"id":"P2_R000395_uwxch1","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $4,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $4,500 from GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GDC PAC), a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GDC PAC)","total":4500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://halrogers.house.gov/committee-assignments","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000395","https://ktc.uky.edu/hal-roger-congressman/"]},{"id":"P2_R000395_1ekm6y","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL A gave $3,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $3,500 from CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CUBIC CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://halrogers.house.gov/committee-assignments","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000395","https://ktc.uky.edu/hal-roger-congressman/"]},{"id":"P2_R000395_hurmsg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMM gave $3,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $3,000 from THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://halrogers.house.gov/committee-assignments","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000395","https://ktc.uky.edu/hal-roger-congressman/"]},{"id":"P6_R000395_tg3ihs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$16,853,829 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from GLCF, INC.","explanation":"GLCF, INC. spent $16,853,829 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 40 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00853861","name":"GLCF, INC.","support":16853829,"oppose":0,"events":40}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00853861/"]},{"id":"P6_R000395_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$7,882,005 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $7,882,005 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 74 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":7882005.249999999,"oppose":0,"events":74}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_R000395_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$856,630 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SLF PAC","explanation":"SLF PAC spent $856,630 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"SLF PAC","support":856630.29,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P6_R000395_tic410","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$489,125 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Sentinel Action Fund","explanation":"The Sentinel Action Fund spent $489,125 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00811166","name":"The Sentinel Action Fund","support":489124.57999999996,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00811166/"]},{"id":"P6_R000395_twhmw6","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$468,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from JEFFERSON RISING","explanation":"JEFFERSON RISING spent $468,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00769232","name":"JEFFERSON RISING","support":468500,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00769232/"]},{"id":"P6_R000395_uf9q74","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$368,277 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","explanation":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC spent $368,277 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00634774","name":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","support":368277.39,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634774/"]},{"id":"P7_R000395_2flzoj","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $43,995,689 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $43,995,689 opposing this member across 426 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":43995688.84,"totalSupport":27795662.429999996,"events":426,"topAttackers":[{"name":"WinSenate","oppose":21326569.23},{"name":"DSCC","oppose":12332946.93},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":2038082.5299999998},{"name":"PROTECTING AMERICA'S RETIREES","oppose":2028205.5899999999},{"name":"EDF Action Votes","oppose":1705848.6400000001}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000395_h8gq2","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,031,016 / spent $4,046,681","explanation":"This member sponsors 11 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00376038","cmteName":"HELP AMERICA'S LEADERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":436358.4,"totalDisbursements":443861.4,"cashOnHand":138332.13},{"cmteId":"C00376038","cmteName":"HELP AMERICA'S LEADERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":734527.2,"totalDisbursements":641492.8,"cashOnHand":231366.53},{"cmteId":"C00376038","cmteName":"HELP AMERICA'S LEADERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":576682.4,"totalDisbursements":569282.1,"cashOnHand":238766.89},{"cmteId":"C00376038","cmteName":"HELP AMERICA'S LEADERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":596273.8,"totalDisbursements":692650.8,"cashOnHand":142389.88},{"cmteId":"C00376038","cmteName":"HELP AMERICA'S LEADERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":409653.5,"totalDisbursements":485389.5,"cashOnHand":66653.82}],"totalRaised":4031016.4,"totalSpent":4046681.4000000013}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_R000395_yk7wgo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $1,687,846 in itemized individual contributions, $1,186,987 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1687846,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1500,"$200.01-$499":19298,"$500-$999":124542,"$1000-$1999":358519,"$2000 and over":1186987},"megaShare":70.3,"smallDonorShare":-0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000395_fxsswn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,965 donation spike on 2012-05-24 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-24 this committee recorded $58,965 across 32 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,705.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00376038","date":"2012-05-24","amount":58965,"count":32,"baseline":6705,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00376038/"]},{"id":"P19_R000395_4qbc0c","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers campaign paid $2,727,689 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: WEST ROGERS","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's campaign paid 130 disbursements totaling $2,727,689 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEST ROGERS","total":1178122,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"WEST ROGERS","amount":250000,"date":"2010-10-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"WEST ROGERS","amount":200000,"date":"2010-09-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"WEST ROGERS","amount":175000,"date":"2010-10-15","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TILLSTROM, VALERIE","total":473864.5,"count":79,"samples":[{"payee":"TILLSTROM, VALERIE","amount":28000,"date":"2019-06-20","description":"FR & CAMPAIGN FINANCE REPORTS FEES","surnameMatched":"tillstrom","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"TILLSTROM, VALERIE","amount":22500,"date":"2019-06-20","description":"FR & CAMPAIGN FINANCE REPORTS FEES","surnameMatched":"tillstrom","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"TILLSTROM, VALERIE","amount":9000,"date":"2016-11-08","description":"BOOKKEEPING FEE","surnameMatched":"tillstrom","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEST ROGERS, LLC","total":287254.43,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"WEST ROGERS, LLC","amount":65314.4,"date":"2016-07-13","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WEST ROGERS, LLC","amount":65314.4,"date":"2016-07-07","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WEST ROGERS, LLC","amount":65162.48,"date":"2018-03-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGERS, JAMES E. MR.","total":239523,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGERS, JAMES E. MR.","amount":239523,"date":"2011-04-01","description":"* IN-KIND: TRAVEL AND PERSONAL STAFF EXP. FOR FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANNA ROGERS INC.","total":108716.36,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ANNA ROGERS INC.","amount":87954,"date":"2016-10-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ANNA ROGERS INC.","amount":20762.36,"date":"2016-09-15","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGERS, PATRICK","total":61848.92,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGERS, PATRICK","amount":40000,"date":"2006-12-21","description":"RECOUNT LEGAL COSTS","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ROGERS, PATRICK","amount":21848.92,"date":"2006-12-22","description":"RECOUNT LEGAL COSTS","surnameMatched":"rogers","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WEST%20ROGERS"]},{"id":"P31_R000395_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $27,795,662 supporting member — 1.7× their own $16,499,848 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.7×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":27795662.429999996,"events":426},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":16499848},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.68},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"WinSenate","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"GLCF, INC.","support":16853829},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"DSCC","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000395","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_R000395","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $82,300","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers received campaign contributions totaling $82,300 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,300); ASSINIBOINE & SIOUX RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":82300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WATERPAC - NATIONAL RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ASSINIBOINE & SIOUX RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P70_R000395","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 15 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 15 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA (Company); Director at MITRE McLean, VA (Nonprofit Organization); Director at IP3/IronBridge McLean, VA (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":15,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2015 to Aug 2023","role":"Director","entity":"IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Aug 2016 to Aug 2023","role":"Director","entity":"MITRE McLean, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Nov 2016 to Jan 2024","role":"Director","entity":"IP3/IronBridge McLean, VA","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Oct 2016 to Aug 2023","role":"Other (David Abshire Chair & Trustee)","entity":"Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress (CSPC) Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2017 to May 2023","role":"Director","entity":"AFIO Falls Church, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Sep 2017 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Constella Intelligence/4iQ Redwood City, CA","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Mar 2018 to Aug 2023","role":"Director","entity":"IAP Worldwide Services Cape Canaveral, FL","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"May 2018 to present","role":"Other (Board Advisor)","entity":"Telefonica Madrid, Spain","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_R000395","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$523,986.58 in outside earned income — top source: Nokia of America Corporation Dallas, TX ($$420,000.00)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $523,986.58 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 4 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Nokia of America Corporation Dallas, TX ($420,000.00, Salary); Telefonica Ingenieria Y Seguridad, SA Madrid, Spain ($44,779.52, Board Compensation); MI Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI ($39,207.06, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":523986.58,"count":4,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Nokia of America Corporation Dallas, TX","amount":"$420,000.00","amountNumeric":420000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Board Compensation","source":"Telefonica Ingenieria Y Seguridad, SA Madrid, Spain","amount":"$44,779.52","amountNumeric":44779.52},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"MI Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI","amount":"$39,207.06","amountNumeric":39207.06},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Highland Engineering Inc. Howell, MI","amount":"$20,000.00","amountNumeric":20000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_R000395","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (6); committee pac conflict (4); ie attack target (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":6},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000395","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_R000395_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 9 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including IRNT, VWIUX, VMLUX, VXUS, SWAGX, GIBIX","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 9 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: IRNT, VWIUX, VMLUX, VXUS, SWAGX, GIBIX, DBLFX, DFCEX, DFIEX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":9,"divestedTickers":["IRNT","VWIUX","VMLUX","VXUS","SWAGX","GIBIX","DBLFX","DFCEX","DFIEX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers discloses 3 private-company / restricted stock positions — NowSecure NQSO Company: Now Secure, Inc. (Chicago, IL) Description: Mobile Secur…","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 3 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 3 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: NowSecure NQSO Company: Now Secure, Inc. (Chicago, IL) Descr · Constella Intelligence Stock Company: Constella Intelligence.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":3,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"NowSecure NQSO Company: Now Secure, Inc. (Chicago, IL) Description: Mobile Security Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"Constella Intelligence Stock Company: Constella Intelligence (Redwood City, CA) Description: Intelligence company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Ironnet, Inc. Common Stock Company: Ironnet, Inc. (Halethorpe, MD) Description: Cybersecurity company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (1 top-bracket + 5 unascertainable, 11% of 57 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (1 top-bracket, 5 unascertainable) across 57 total reported assets — 11% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Schwab IRA (--) · Schwab SEP IRA (--) · QLYS - Qualys, Inc. - Common Stock (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL) (Unascertainable) · Schwab IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":1,"unascertCount":5,"totalAssets":57,"opaqueRatio":0.105,"samples":[{"asset":"Schwab IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Schwab SEP IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"QLYS - Qualys, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"asset":"Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL)","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Schwab IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers discloses 3 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking · Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfiel · Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust Class I (BREIT) Descript.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":3,"properties":[{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL)","type":"Real Estate Mineral Rights","value":"Unascertainable"},{"name":"Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust Class I (BREIT) Description: REIT (New York, New York)","type":"Real Estate REIT","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers discloses 2 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: ForgePoint Cyber Affiliates Fund I Description : Private equ · ForgePoint Cyber Affiliates Fund II Description : Private eq.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"ForgePoint Cyber Affiliates Fund I Description : Private equity fund (San Mateo, California)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"ForgePoint Cyber Affiliates Fund II Description : Private equity fund (San Mateo, California)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P86_R000395","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Hal Rogers","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-hal-0/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Hal Rogers","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-hal/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-hal-0/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-hal/"]},{"id":"P87_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 PFD: 36 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (62% of 58 reported assets)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 36 reported holdings owned by Spouse (19), Joint (17), or Dependent (0) — 62% of 58 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Checking · Spouse: Schwab IRA · Spouse: Charles Schwab & Co (Westlake, TX) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account · Spouse: BND - Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":19,"Joint":17,"Dependent":0,"Self":21},"totalAssets":58,"familyShare":0.621,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Schwab IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Charles Schwab & Co (Westlake, TX) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"BND - Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"IVV - iShares Core S&P 500 ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — QLYS","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: QLYS (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"QLYS","asset":"QLYS - Qualys, Inc. - Common Stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_R000395","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's campaign paid $1,451,080 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: WEST ROGERS ($1,178,122)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 20 payments totaling $1,451,080 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WEST ROGERS ($1,178,122 across 12 payments, services: MEDIA BUY). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1451079.92,"paymentCount":20,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WEST ROGERS","total":1178122,"count":12,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"GLENN ROGERS CAMPAIGN","total":80000,"count":3,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"ROGERS, PATRICK","total":61848.92,"count":2,"descriptions":["RECOUNT LEGAL COSTS"]},{"payee":"SUGARMAN, ROGERS, BARSHAK & COHEN, P.C.","total":58894,"count":1,"descriptions":["RECOUNT ATTORNEY FEES"]},{"payee":"ROGERS DEVELOPMENT CORP.","total":42215,"count":1,"descriptions":["SECURITY"]}],"surname":"rogers"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0KY05015&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers (Kentucky) discloses 2 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Oregon (1)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers represents Kentucky but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Kentucky (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Oregon: 1 · Illinois: 1. Sample: Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking (Oregon) · Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL) (Illinois).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Kentucky","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":2,"byState":{"OR":1,"IL":1},"samples":[{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"OR"},{"name":"Bi-Petro Inc Description: Oil Rights in Kentucky (Springfield, IL)","type":"Real Estate Mineral Rights","value":"Unascertainable","state":"IL"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P99_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's spouse earned income from 2 law-firm payers on 2025 PFD — top: Principal to Principal LLC","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 2 payments to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Principal to Principal LLC Washington, (Salary) · P2P Strategies LLC White Lake, (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":2,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Principal to Principal LLC Washington, DC","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"P2P Strategies LLC White Lake, MI","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P102_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers holds 7 nonprofit/foundation board roles on 2025 PFD — top: Director · MITRE McLean, VA","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 7 ongoing roles on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · MITRE McLean, VA · Other (David Abshire Chair & Trustee) · Center for the Study · Director · AFIO Falls Church, VA · Other (Advisory Board Member) · Third Option Foundation Reston,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":7,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"MITRE McLean, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Aug 2016 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Other (David Abshire Chair & Trustee)","entity":"Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress (CSPC) Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Oct 2016 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Director","entity":"AFIO Falls Church, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2017 to May 2023"},{"position":"Other (Advisory Board Member)","entity":"Third Option Foundation Reston, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"May 2019 to present"},{"position":"Other (Advisory Board Member)","entity":"NSI Arlington, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2020 to present"},{"position":"Other (Advisory Board Member)","entity":"Spy Museum Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Apr 2020 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P103_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers holds 5 for-profit officer/director roles on 2025 PFD — top: Director · IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 5 active officer or director roles in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Director · IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA (Company) · Director · IP3/IronBridge McLean, VA (Corporation) · Director · Constella Intelligence/4iQ Redwood City, (Company) · Director · IAP Worldwide Services Cape (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":5,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"IronNet Cybersecurity McLean, VA","entityType":"Company","dates":"Jan 2015 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Director","entity":"IP3/IronBridge McLean, VA","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Nov 2016 to Jan 2024"},{"position":"Director","entity":"Constella Intelligence/4iQ Redwood City, CA","entityType":"Company","dates":"Sep 2017 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"IAP Worldwide Services Cape Canaveral, FL","entityType":"Company","dates":"Mar 2018 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Director","entity":"D-Wave Burnaby, B.C.","entityType":"Company","dates":"Feb 2021 to Aug 2023"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_R000395","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's earliest disclosed PFD (2023) shows $10.6M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2023) shows total assets of $10.6M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 136; earned-income on first filing: $1,976,675.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2023","totalAssetMid":10603575.5,"assetCount":136,"earnedIncome":1976675,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/83150a48-f78f-4171-83d2-d7dcc6bd3f01/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/83150a48-f78f-4171-83d2-d7dcc6bd3f01/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_R000395","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.4M PAC / $33.0M total)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.4M of $33.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":33,"pacSharePct":49.8,"cycleCount":48,"fecId":"H0KY05015"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0KY05015/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P147_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 PFD reports earned income $528K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Nokia of America Corporation)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $527,986.58 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from Nokia of America Corporation ($420,000.00) · Self: Salary from Highland Engineering Inc. Howell, ($20,000.00) · Self: Board Compensation from Telefonica Ingenieria Y Seguridad, ($44,779.52) · Self: Retirement from MI Legislative Retirement System ($39,207.06). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":527986.5800000001,"earnedIncomeK":528,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Nokia of America Corporation Dallas, TX","amount":"$420,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Highland Engineering Inc. Howell, MI","amount":"$20,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Telefonica Ingenieria Y Seguridad, SA Madrid, Spain","amount":"$44,779.52"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Retirement","payer":"MI Legislative Retirement System Lansing, MI","amount":"$39,207.06"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Qualys, Inc. Foster City, CA","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Principal to Principal LLC Washington, DC","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P149_R000395","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":29}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_R000395","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers triggers 30 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers accumulates findings across 30 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 30 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":30,"sampleDetectors":["P2","P6","P7","P10","P11","P15","P19","P31","P36","P61","P70","P71","P78","P79","P81","P83","P84","P85","P86","P87","P88","P90","P91","P99","P102","P103","P135","P138","P147","P149"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_R000395","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($4.0M combined receipts)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $4.0M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: HELP AMERICA'S LEADERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (C00376038) · MR PAC (C00850610).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.03,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00376038","cmteName":"HELP AMERICA'S LEADERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE"},{"cmteId":"C00850610","cmteName":"MR PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00376038/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00850610/"]},{"id":"P160_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 PFD shows 7 broad-market index funds (32% of 22 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 of 22 ticker holdings (32%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: BND, IVV, VWO, VCIT, VEA, SPY, VTEB.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":7,"totalTickers":22,"ratio":0.32,"broadTickers":["BND","IVV","VWO","VCIT","VEA","SPY","VTEB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $10.1M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $10.1M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":10093626,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 PFD initiated 2 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: AVDV ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: AVDV ($250,001 - $500,000) · BREIT ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AVDV","asset":"AVDV - Avantis International Small Cap Value ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"BREIT","asset":"Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust Class I (BREIT) Description: REIT (New York,","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: P2P Strategies LLC White (Salary)","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Salary from P2P Strategies LLC White (> $1,000) · Spouse: Board Compensation from Partnerships Revolutionizing International Supply (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"P2P Strategies LLC White Lake, MI","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Partnerships Revolutionizing International Supply Chain Modernization Washington, DC","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e28238d6-f3f0-4652-956f-b2fddb40ac0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_R000395_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold “Hal” Rogers — 37 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Harold “Hal” Rogers's 2025 Senate PFD shows 37 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":37,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/924f28b5-11ad-4264-bdcc-c8d8f34b6bee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"H001077":[{"id":"P2_H001077_fznqw","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LOUISIANA HEALTH SERVICE & INDEMNITY COM gave $5,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Clay Higgins serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare) and received $5,000 from LOUISIANA HEALTH SERVICE & INDEMNITY COMPANY DBA BLUE CROSS & BLUE SHIELD OF LOUISIANA PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"LOUISIANA HEALTH SERVICE & INDEMNITY COMPANY DBA BLUE CROSS & BLUE SHIELD OF LOUISIANA PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Veterans’ Affairs","Homeland Security","Homeland Security","Oversight and Accountability"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare"]}],"citations":["https://clayhiggins.house.gov/2017/01/12/congressman-higgins-announces-committee-assignments/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Higgins","https://legisletter.org/legislator/clay-higgins-H001077/committees"]},{"id":"P9_H001077_cx1y53","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$15,628 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $15,628 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":15628.000000000002,"oppose":0,"net":15628.000000000002,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":9634.58,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":3067.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004163","name":"CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION FUND","support":2512.62,"oppose":0,"types":["","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005673","name":"SEIU LOCAL 200 UNITED","support":398.77,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001359","name":"NEW YORK STATE PUBLIC EMPLOYEES FEDERATION - COPE","support":14.65,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001077_o8zkj6","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $2,129,354 in itemized individual contributions, $1,379,950 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2129354,"buckets":{"$200 and under":46788,"$200.01-$499":115952,"$500-$999":203970,"$1000-$1999":382694,"$2000 and over":1379950},"megaShare":64.8,"smallDonorShare":2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001077_gh50o5","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Clay Higgins campaign paid $854,807 to 28 surname-matched vendors, top: HIGGINS, DAVID L.","explanation":"Clay Higgins's campaign paid 117 disbursements totaling $854,807 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HIGGINS, DAVID L.","total":140000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"HIGGINS, DAVID L.","amount":50000,"date":"2020-03-12","description":"TRANSFER OF EXCESSIVE PORTION TO NON-FEDERAL ACCT AS DONOR INTENDED FROM 3-10-2020","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HIGGINS, DAVID L.","amount":25000,"date":"2021-11-12","description":"TRANSFER OF CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL ACCOUNT AS DONOR INTENDED FROM 11-09-2021","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HIGGINS, DAVID L.","amount":20000,"date":"2018-03-02","description":"TRANSFER OF EXCESSIVE PORTION OF CONTRIBUTION FROM 3/1 AS DONOR INTENDED","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SATTERFIELD, LEE A","total":127626.65000000001,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"SATTERFIELD, LEE A","amount":17494.21,"date":"2004-12-17","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"satterfield","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"SATTERFIELD, LEE A","amount":8398.5,"date":"2004-12-17","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"satterfield","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"SATTERFIELD, LEE A","amount":6742.53,"date":"2004-12-17","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"satterfield","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SATTERFIELD, LEE A.","total":70762.26000000001,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"SATTERFIELD, LEE A.","amount":3687,"date":"2003-12-05","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"satterfield","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"SATTERFIELD, LEE A.","amount":3687,"date":"2003-11-21","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"satterfield","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"SATTERFIELD, LEE A.","amount":3687,"date":"2003-11-07","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"satterfield","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HIGGINS, PATRICK","total":59560.89,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"HIGGINS, PATRICK","amount":8707.54,"date":"2024-01-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HIGGINS, PATRICK","amount":8646.25,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HIGGINS, PATRICK","amount":8626.75,"date":"2024-04-22","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HIGGINS, BRIAN","total":51710,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"HIGGINS, BRIAN","amount":20000,"date":"2004-11-09","description":"2004 NY-H-27-GENERAL","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HIGGINS, BRIAN","amount":20000,"date":"2004-11-04","description":"2004 NY-H-27-GENERAL","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"HIGGINS, BRIAN","amount":11710,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WORTH HIGGINS AND ASSOCIATES","total":47407.70999999999,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"WORTH HIGGINS AND ASSOCIATES","amount":12212.96,"date":"2024-07-23","description":"MAIL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WORTH HIGGINS AND ASSOCIATES","amount":12000,"date":"2024-06-18","description":"","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WORTH HIGGINS AND ASSOCIATES","amount":8000,"date":"2024-05-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"higgins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HIGGINS"]},{"id":"P25_H001077_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"75% of PAC dollars ($480,027) come from Party industry","explanation":"Clay Higgins receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":480027.21,"share":74.8,"totalPAC":641827.21,"pacCount":28},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":480027.21,"share":74.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":49500,"share":7.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":30000,"share":4.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":25000,"share":3.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_H001077_uga6qu","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Warrior PAC both supported ($23,660) and opposed ($12,842) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Clay Higgins advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00619445","name":"Warrior PAC","support":23660.18,"oppose":12842.36,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00619445/"]},{"id":"P36_H001077","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Clay Higgins has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_H001077","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $53,000","explanation":"Clay Higgins received campaign contributions totaling $53,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: USA RICE FEDERATION ($15,000); AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF THE USA, INC. ($10,000); ACADIAN AMBULANCE SERVICE INC ($8,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":53000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC","ldaClient":"USA RICE FEDERATION","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF USA INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN SUGAR CANE LEAGUE OF THE USA, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ACADIAN AMBULANCE SERVICE EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, INC.","ldaClient":"ACADIAN AMBULANCE SERVICE INC","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_H001077","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Clay Higgins's campaign paid $339,809 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: HIGGINS, PATRICK ($59,561)","explanation":"Clay Higgins's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $339,809 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HIGGINS, PATRICK ($59,561 across 7 payments, services: SALARY). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":339808.52,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HIGGINS, PATRICK","total":59560.89,"count":7,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"WORTH HIGGINS AND ASSOCIATES","total":47407.70999999999,"count":5,"descriptions":["MAIL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"HIGGINS, MILES, ELAM & BENJAMIN PLLC","total":46742.1,"count":4,"descriptions":["ATTORNEY FEES - RECOUNT FUND","ATTORNEY FEES"]},{"payee":"GEARY HIGGINS FOR STATE SENATE","total":40000,"count":2,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION (NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT)"]},{"payee":"HIGGINS, BRIAN","total":40000,"count":2,"descriptions":["2004 NY-H-27-GENERAL"]}],"surname":"higgins"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6LA03148&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_H001077","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clay Higgins named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.1M total receipts) — top: HIGGINS VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Clay Higgins appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HIGGINS VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00776708, $2.1M receipts, treasurer SATTERFIELD, DAVID). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.05,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00776708","name":"HIGGINS VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":2052203.37,"treasurer":"SATTERFIELD, DAVID","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776708/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776708/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00776708/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"T000487":[{"id":"P2_T000487_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Jill Tokuda serves on committees regulating Defense (Agriculture, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://emilyslist.org/candidate/jill-tokuda-22/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Tokuda","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000487"]},{"id":"P2_T000487_swrzhv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL gave $5,000 — member sits on Agriculture-regulating committee","explanation":"Jill Tokuda serves on committees regulating Agriculture (Agriculture, Defense) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Agriculture PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Agriculture"},{"source":"committee","names":["Agriculture","Armed Services","Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic","Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party","Agriculture"],"inferredIndustries":["Agriculture","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://emilyslist.org/candidate/jill-tokuda-22/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Tokuda","https://clerk.house.gov/members/T000487"]},{"id":"P7_T000487_ad6hfi","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $603,456 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $603,456 opposing this member across 11 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":603455.84,"totalSupport":199000,"events":11,"topAttackers":[{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":424967.12},{"name":"Mainstream Democrats PAC","oppose":178488.72}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000487_g74tvz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jill Tokuda campaign paid $7,817,510 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: CHONG + KOSTER","explanation":"Jill Tokuda's campaign paid 263 disbursements totaling $7,817,510 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHONG + KOSTER","total":2905939.6200000006,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"CHONG + KOSTER","amount":325000,"date":"2020-08-12","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION OF DIGITAL ADS","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CHONG + KOSTER","amount":300420.12,"date":"2024-09-10","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION OF DIGITAL ADS","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHONG + KOSTER","amount":298950,"date":"2020-10-15","description":"NON-CANDIDATE SPECIFIC PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION OF DIGITAL AD","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHONG & KOSTER","total":1502865.62,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"CHONG & KOSTER","amount":250000,"date":"2020-10-29","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING - IE ONLY ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CHONG & KOSTER","amount":235000,"date":"2020-10-29","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING - IE ONLY ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CHONG & KOSTER","amount":226214.4,"date":"2016-09-30","description":"DIGITAL AD BUY AND PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHONG KOSTER LLC","total":1347889.14,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"CHONG KOSTER LLC","amount":430000,"date":"2020-10-14","description":"DIGITAL AD BUY","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CHONG KOSTER LLC","amount":300000,"date":"2020-10-14","description":"DIGITAL AD BUY","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CHONG KOSTER LLC","amount":161190,"date":"2019-12-12","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHONG AND KOSTER","total":780131.6799999999,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"CHONG AND KOSTER","amount":188391.57,"date":"2017-02-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING AND AD BUY","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CHONG AND KOSTER","amount":187956.12,"date":"2017-03-17","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING AND AD BUY","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CHONG AND KOSTER","amount":150000,"date":"2017-03-16","description":"AD/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"chong","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TOKUDA FOR HAWAII","total":433970.29,"count":83,"samples":[{"payee":"TOKUDA FOR HAWAII","amount":30055.1,"date":"2022-10-18","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"tokuda","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"TOKUDA FOR HAWAII","amount":9000,"date":"2022-08-03","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"tokuda","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"TOKUDA FOR HAWAII","amount":7000,"date":"2025-10-26","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"tokuda","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CHONG%20%2B%20KOSTER"]},{"id":"P47_T000487_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Jill Tokuda sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20TOGETHER%20POLITICAL%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20TOGETHER%20POLITICAL%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_T000487","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $75,000","explanation":"Jill Tokuda received campaign contributions totaling $75,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":75000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION - SEAFARERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NA-AGLIW","ldaClient":"SEAFARERS POLITICAL ACTIVITY DONATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_T000487","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jill Tokuda's campaign paid $331,100 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: TOKUDA FOR HAWAII ($326,100)","explanation":"Jill Tokuda's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 64 payments totaling $331,100 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TOKUDA FOR HAWAII ($326,100 across 63 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION · CONDUIT CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":331100,"paymentCount":64,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TOKUDA FOR HAWAII","total":326100,"count":63,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","CONDUIT CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"HIRONO TOKUDA VICTORY","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"tokuda"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2HI02581&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_T000487","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jill Tokuda's PAC funding concentrates 66% in Technology ($0.09M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Jill Tokuda's PAC donors concentrate 66% in the Technology industry — $0.09M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.09M · Labor $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Energy $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":65.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.09,"Labor":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2HI02581/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"K000403":[{"id":"P2_K000403_g9pjcy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORAT gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Mike Kennedy serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Kennedy","https://clerk.house.gov/members/K000403","http://mikekennedy.house.gov/about"]},{"id":"P11_K000403_vmnxwp","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -19%)","explanation":"Of $1,028,381 in itemized individual contributions, $833,125 (81%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1028381,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-195373,"$200.01-$499":35943,"$500-$999":95926,"$1000-$1999":258760,"$2000 and over":833125},"megaShare":81,"smallDonorShare":-19}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000403_rzyxy8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Kennedy campaign paid $11,602,710 to 75 surname-matched vendors, top: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","explanation":"Mike Kennedy's campaign paid 322 disbursements totaling $11,602,710 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","total":3215833.6,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":150000,"date":"2025-10-08","description":"INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":149574,"date":"2026-01-09","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":140976,"date":"2005-12-09","description":"HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-06-30","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","total":800000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","amount":800000,"date":"2018-05-14","description":"COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","total":799039.8399999999,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":173718.61,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":164184.07,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":149061.15,"date":"2024-10-04","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","total":661562,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":197784,"date":"2010-04-01","description":"MAILING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2008-06-02","description":"INVOICE- COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":87000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"MAILPIECE","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","total":600000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","amount":600000,"date":"2018-05-22","description":"NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KENNEDY%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P29_K000403_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with UT R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KENNEDY, Mike voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_K000403_National_Association_of_Home_B_115291","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Mike Kennedy sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, which on 2023-02-08 held a hearing titled \"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of the Biden Administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) Rule\". The witness Ms. Alicia Huey (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","eventId":"115291","title":"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of the Biden Administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) Rule","date":"2023-02-08T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Alicia Huey","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115291"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115291","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILDPAC)"]},{"id":"P61_K000403","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Mike Kennedy received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($5,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_K000403","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Kennedy's campaign paid $6,463,178 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS ($3,215,834)","explanation":"Mike Kennedy's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 41 payments totaling $6,463,178 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS ($3,215,834 across 31 payments, services: INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER · DIRECT MAIL · HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6463178.3,"paymentCount":41,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","total":3215833.6,"count":31,"descriptions":["INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER","DIRECT MAIL","HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING"]},{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE DONATION"]},{"payee":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","total":800000,"count":1,"descriptions":["COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","total":600000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"MARK KENNEDY '06","total":275087.56,"count":1,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET PROCEEDS"]}],"surname":"kennedy"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4UT03260&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_K000403","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Kennedy draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.4M PAC / $3.7M total)","explanation":"Mike Kennedy's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.4M of $3.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.36,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3.67,"pacSharePct":37,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4UT03260"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4UT03260/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001068":[{"id":"P2_H001068_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $9,900 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Jared Huffman serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $9,900 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":9900,"count":3,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Huffman","https://www.climateone.org/people/jared-huffman","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001068"]},{"id":"P2_H001068_y9dc5n","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $4,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jared Huffman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $4,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS VOLUNTARY FUND, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS VOLUNTARY FUND","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Huffman","https://www.climateone.org/people/jared-huffman","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001068"]},{"id":"P2_H001068_faim7n","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE gave $3,500 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jared Huffman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,500 from COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COO, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COO","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Huffman","https://www.climateone.org/people/jared-huffman","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001068"]},{"id":"P2_H001068_pauc7o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION  gave $3,300 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Jared Huffman serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $3,300 from AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION RESORT OWNERS COALITION PAC (ARDA-ROC PAC), a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN RESORT DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION RESORT OWNERS COALITION PAC (ARDA-ROC PAC)","total":3300,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Huffman","https://www.climateone.org/people/jared-huffman","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H001068"]},{"id":"P19_H001068_ewegsn","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jared Huffman campaign paid $1,712,605 to 44 surname-matched vendors, top: OWENS, BILL","explanation":"Jared Huffman's campaign paid 102 disbursements totaling $1,712,605 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OWENS, BILL","total":235491.96000000002,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":138855.68,"date":"2010-10-28","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":29046.5,"date":"2011-09-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":29000,"date":"2012-10-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OWENS CORNING FOUNDATION INC","total":196594.61,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"OWENS CORNING FOUNDATION INC","amount":196594.61,"date":"2025-03-14","description":"NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS","total":115000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS","amount":75000,"date":"2023-01-31","description":"LEGAL SETTLEMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS","amount":40000,"date":"2023-05-22","description":"LEGAL SETTLEMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUFFMAN & REJEBIAN","total":111234.01000000001,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"HUFFMAN & REJEBIAN","amount":21486.25,"date":"2016-06-08","description":"RESEARCH SERVICES","surnameMatched":"huffman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUFFMAN & REJEBIAN","amount":13500,"date":"2010-09-10","description":"OPPOSITION RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"huffman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"HUFFMAN & REJEBIAN","amount":12997.76,"date":"2016-01-27","description":"RESEARCH SERVICES","surnameMatched":"huffman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUFFMAN, L. DAVID","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUFFMAN, L. DAVID","amount":100000,"date":"2004-07-19","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"huffman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OWENS FOR UT-04","total":96702.4,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"OWENS FOR UT-04","amount":46295.95,"date":"2020-08-31","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"OWENS FOR UT-04","amount":30339.24,"date":"2020-09-24","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"OWENS FOR UT-04","amount":20067.21,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=OWENS"]},{"id":"P61_H001068","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $116,279.75","explanation":"Jared Huffman received campaign contributions totaling $116,279.75 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($19,279.75); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); GREEN DIAMOND RESOURCE COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":116279.75,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"REDWOOD CREDIT UNION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":19279.75,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES -POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GREEN DIAMOND RESOURCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GREEN DIAMOND RESOURCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_H001068","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jared Huffman's campaign paid $673,676 to 12 surname-matched vendors — top: MATT HUFFMAN FOR OHIO ($403,266)","explanation":"Jared Huffman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 67 payments totaling $673,676 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MATT HUFFMAN FOR OHIO ($403,266 across 40 payments, services: NON FEDERAL DISB. - CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTIONS). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":673676.31,"paymentCount":67,"payeeCount":12,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MATT HUFFMAN FOR OHIO","total":403265.67,"count":40,"descriptions":["NON FEDERAL DISB. - CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTIONS"]},{"payee":"HUFFMAN & REJEBIAN","total":111234.01000000001,"count":11,"descriptions":["RESEARCH SERVICES","OPPOSITION RESEARCH","FUNDRAISING RESEARCH SERVICES"]},{"payee":"HUFFMAN, MATT","total":31600,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","NON-FEDERAL"]},{"payee":"A.C. PUBLIC AFFAIRS, INCATTN: ALICE A. HUFFMAN","total":30000,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONVENTION CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"HUFFMAN, GRACE","total":18352.76,"count":2,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING / TRAVEL / POSTAGE","TRAVEL"]}],"surname":"huffman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CA06259&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_H001068","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jared Huffman draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.1M PAC / $16.1M total)","explanation":"Jared Huffman's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.1M of $16.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.07,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.07,"pacSharePct":37.8,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2CA06259"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA06259/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"O000175":[{"id":"P2_O000175_nwt47w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC) gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Andrew Ogles serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Ogles","http://ogles.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://legiscan.com/US/people/andrew-ogles/id/24055"]},{"id":"P6_O000175_txns3f","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$786,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from USA FREEDOM FUND","explanation":"USA FREEDOM FUND spent $786,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00745208","name":"USA FREEDOM FUND","support":786500,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00745208/"]},{"id":"P6_O000175_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$603,079 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $603,079 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 50 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":603079.1100000001,"oppose":0,"events":50}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_O000175_jxhckf","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $948,928 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $948,928 opposing this member across 97 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":948928.11,"totalSupport":1787066.1599999997,"events":97,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CONSERVATIVE AMERICANS PAC","oppose":705702.61},{"name":"TENNESSEE CONSERVATIVES PAC","oppose":130683.25},{"name":"Patriot Majority PAC","oppose":60000},{"name":"Government Of the People","oppose":51042.25},{"name":"TENNESSEE IMMIGRANT AND REFUGEE RIGHTS COALITION VOTES ACTION PAC","oppose":1500}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_O000175_xmlrth","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -16%)","explanation":"Of $1,493,220 in itemized individual contributions, $1,257,276 (84%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1493220,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-239486,"$200.01-$499":65840,"$500-$999":113460,"$1000-$1999":296130,"$2000 and over":1257276},"megaShare":84.2,"smallDonorShare":-16}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_O000175_g42hrk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,750 donation spike on 2022-11-08 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-11-08 this committee recorded $53,750 across 63 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,659.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00811844","date":"2022-11-08","amount":53750,"count":63,"baseline":6659,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00811844/"]},{"id":"P19_O000175_wu9waf","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andrew Ogles campaign paid $924,668 to 56 surname-matched vendors, top: BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","explanation":"Andrew Ogles's campaign paid 133 disbursements totaling $924,668 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","total":346369,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","amount":101369,"date":"2006-03-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","amount":100000,"date":"2005-12-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","amount":100000,"date":"2006-03-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEAMAN, LEE","total":131900,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"BEAMAN, LEE","amount":36400,"date":"2006-11-06","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"beaman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BEAMAN, LEE","amount":11600,"date":"2004-10-04","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"beaman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BEAMAN, LEE","amount":8400,"date":"2020-11-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION REF TO INDIVIDUAL","surnameMatched":"beaman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MEDIA WORKS/LARRY BREWER","total":45707.16,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MEDIA WORKS/LARRY BREWER","amount":45707.16,"date":"2004-09-15","description":"RADIO AIR TIME","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TROY BREWER CPA INC.","total":33900,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"TROY BREWER CPA INC.","amount":5000,"date":"2023-05-09","description":"COMPLIANCE / ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TROY BREWER CPA INC.","amount":5000,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"COMPLIANCE / ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TROY BREWER CPA INC.","amount":5000,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"COMPLIANCE / ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OGLES FOR TN-05","total":33148.81,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"OGLES FOR TN-05","amount":19067.89,"date":"2022-09-28","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"ogles","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"OGLES FOR TN-05","amount":14080.92,"date":"2022-10-18","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"ogles","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BREWER CALEY CPAS","total":28401.55,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"BREWER CALEY CPAS","amount":6960.7,"date":"2018-06-22","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BREWER CALEY CPAS","amount":5778.8,"date":"2021-01-27","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BREWER CALEY CPAS","amount":5518.1,"date":"2019-06-27","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BREWER%20(PERSONAL%20FUNDS)"]},{"id":"P29_O000175_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"OGLES, Andy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_O000175","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Andrew Ogles has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]}],"R000620":[{"id":"P2_R000620_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $71,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Luz Rivas serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $71,000 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":71000,"count":21,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://rivas.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000620","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luz_Rivas"]},{"id":"P2_R000620_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $10,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Luz Rivas serves on committees regulating Technology (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $10,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://rivas.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000620","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luz_Rivas"]},{"id":"P2_R000620_vy544o","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Luz Rivas serves on committees regulating Telecom (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://rivas.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000620","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luz_Rivas"]},{"id":"P2_R000620_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Luz Rivas serves on committees regulating Energy (Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Natural Resources","Science, Space, and Technology","Science, Space, and Technology"],"inferredIndustries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["http://rivas.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000620","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luz_Rivas"]},{"id":"P19_R000620_bjgxda","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Luz Rivas campaign paid $3,856,961 to 34 surname-matched vendors, top: KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","explanation":"Luz Rivas's campaign paid 211 disbursements totaling $3,856,961 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","total":998315.7500000002,"count":38,"samples":[{"payee":"KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","amount":80834.51,"date":"2020-11-10","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES & EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","amount":58480,"date":"2016-10-28","description":"LEGAL AND TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","amount":45601.81,"date":"2022-04-20","description":"LEGAL FEES & EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","total":550459.28,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":123961.25,"date":"2025-01-21","description":"CAREY ACCT: LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":113573.67,"date":"2025-01-17","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2024-06-24","description":"CAREY ACCT: LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","total":442056.06,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":140019.09,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":97680.15,"date":"2025-12-30","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":80000,"date":"2025-03-05","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","total":335333.85,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":40922.5,"date":"2023-09-19","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":35715,"date":"2024-02-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":31177.5,"date":"2023-06-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN","total":227366.26,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN","amount":227366.26,"date":"2025-03-19","description":"LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KAUFMAN%20LEGAL%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P47_R000620_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118223","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Luz Rivas sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-05-20 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118223","title":"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship Act” or the “FORESTS Act.”","date":"2025-05-20T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223"},{"source":"donor","name":"PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_R000620_Pechanga_Band_of_Indians_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pechanga Band of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Luz Rivas sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness The Honorable Marc Luker (Pechanga Band of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Marc Luker","witnessOrg":"Pechanga Band of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_R000620_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Luz Rivas sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_R000620_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Luz Rivas sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_R000620_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_115374","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Luz Rivas sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-03-01 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on \"Unlocking Indian Country’s Economic Potential\"\". The witness Mr. Jason Robison (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"115374","title":"Oversight Hearing on \"Unlocking Indian Country’s Economic Potential\"","date":"2023-03-01T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason Robison","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115374"},{"source":"donor","name":"PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115374","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_R000620_Kashia_Band_of_Pomo_Indians_115287","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kashia Band of Pomo Indians testified before House Natural Resources — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Luz Rivas sits on House Natural Resources, which on 2023-02-08 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee oversight hearing titled “Unleashing America’s Energy and Mineral Potential”.\". The witness Mr. Reno Franklin (Kashia Band of Pomo Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources","eventId":"115287","title":"Full Committee oversight hearing titled “Unleashing America’s Energy and Mineral Potential”.","date":"2023-02-08T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Reno Franklin","witnessOrg":"Kashia Band of Pomo Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115287"},{"source":"donor","name":"PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115287","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_R000620_International_Union_of_Operati_115298","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49 testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Luz Rivas sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.\". The witness Mr. Jason George (International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115298","title":"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason George","witnessOrg":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL NO. 12 VOLUNTARY LEGISLATIVE FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS%20LOCAL%20NO.%2012%20VOLUNTARY%20LEGISLATIVE%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS%20LOCAL%20NO.%2012%20VOLUNTARY%20LEGISLATIVE%20FUND"]},{"id":"P61_R000620","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $94,900","explanation":"Luz Rivas received campaign contributions totaling $94,900 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($8,300); PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO MISSION INDIANS ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":94900,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":8300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PECHANGA BAND OF INDIANS","ldaClient":"PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO MISSION INDIANS","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_R000620","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Luz Rivas's campaign paid $385,993 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: RIVAS FOR SCHOOL BOARD 2022 ($150,000)","explanation":"Luz Rivas's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 38 payments totaling $385,993 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: RIVAS FOR SCHOOL BOARD 2022 ($150,000 across 1 payments, services: NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":385992.5,"paymentCount":38,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"RIVAS FOR SCHOOL BOARD 2022","total":150000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"ROBERT RIVAS FOR ASSEMBLY 2024","total":92000,"count":17,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION - FEC IE/CA ALL-PURPOSE ACCOUNT","POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"ROBERT RIVAS FOR ASSEMBLY 2026","total":58100,"count":9,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION; CA ASSEMBLY","CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"RIVAS FOR ASSEMBLY 2026, ROBERT","total":23600,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"RIVAS, JOSE","total":23182.5,"count":4,"descriptions":["COMMITTEE MANAGEMENT","FIELD CONSULTING AND EXPENSES","FIELD SERVICES & EXPENSES"]}],"surname":"rivas"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA29141&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_R000620","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Luz Rivas draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.4M PAC / $3.0M total)","explanation":"Luz Rivas's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.4M of $3.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3,"pacSharePct":45.1,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4CA29141"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA29141/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_R000620","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Luz Rivas's PAC funding concentrates 48% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Luz Rivas's PAC donors concentrate 48% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.04M · Agriculture $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":47.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.04,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA29141/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_R000620","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Luz Rivas operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.0M combined receipts)","explanation":"Luz Rivas operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.0M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: BLUE DEMS PAC (C00947184) · LA LUZ (C00908905).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.01,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00947184","cmteName":"BLUE DEMS PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00908905","cmteName":"LA LUZ"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00947184/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00908905/"]}],"R000609":[{"id":"P2_R000609_sqcnpg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BALCH AND BINGHAM LLP FEDERAL POLITICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Legal-regulating committee","explanation":"John Rutherford serves on committees regulating Legal (Legal, Technology) and received $5,000 from BALCH AND BINGHAM LLP FEDERAL POLITICAL COMMITTEE, a Legal PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BALCH AND BINGHAM LLP FEDERAL POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Legal"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rutherford_(Florida_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000609","http://rutherford.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000609_1k8fyy","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"KING & SPALDING NONPARTISAN COMMITTEE FO gave $4,000 — member sits on Legal-regulating committee","explanation":"John Rutherford serves on committees regulating Legal (Legal, Technology) and received $4,000 from KING & SPALDING NONPARTISAN COMMITTEE FOR GOOD GOVERNMENT, a Legal PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"KING & SPALDING NONPARTISAN COMMITTEE FOR GOOD GOVERNMENT","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Legal"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rutherford_(Florida_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000609","http://rutherford.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000609_qmtytf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SOLUTIO gave $3,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"John Rutherford serves on committees regulating Technology (Legal, Technology) and received $3,500 from ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (ES3), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (ES3)","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["House Judiciary"],"inferredIndustries":["Legal","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rutherford_(Florida_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000609","http://rutherford.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P4_R000609_Telecom","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom trades filed 181d late on avg — overall avg only 160d","explanation":"In Telecom (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 180.9 days — versus 159.8 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":9,"avgGap":181},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":125,"avgGap":160},{"source":"pac","sector":"Telecom","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_R000609_Technology","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology trades filed 183d late on avg — overall avg only 160d","explanation":"In Technology (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 183.0 days — versus 159.8 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":12,"avgGap":183},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":125,"avgGap":160},{"source":"pac","sector":"Technology","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_R000609_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 173d late on avg — overall avg only 160d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 172.6 days — versus 159.8 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":24,"avgGap":173},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":125,"avgGap":160},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_R000609_Energy","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy trades filed 170d late on avg — overall avg only 160d","explanation":"In Energy (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 170.0 days — versus 159.8 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":22,"avgGap":170},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":125,"avgGap":160},{"source":"pac","sector":"Energy","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_R000609_Transportation","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Transportation trades filed 264d late on avg — overall avg only 160d","explanation":"In Transportation (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 264.0 days — versus 159.8 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Transportation","count":4,"avgGap":264},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":125,"avgGap":160},{"source":"pac","sector":"Transportation","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_R000609_tw10il","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$848,312 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from POLICE AND TROOPER SUPPORT","explanation":"POLICE AND TROOPER SUPPORT spent $848,312 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 467 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00774323","name":"POLICE AND TROOPER SUPPORT","support":848312.1199999993,"oppose":0,"events":467}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00774323/"]},{"id":"P6_R000609_tw1nc6","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$836,873 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SUPPORT AMERICA'S POLICE PAC","explanation":"SUPPORT AMERICA'S POLICE PAC spent $836,873 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 620 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00773390","name":"SUPPORT AMERICA'S POLICE PAC","support":836873.1000000007,"oppose":0,"events":620}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00773390/"]},{"id":"P11_R000609_om7ug7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $2,097,685 in itemized individual contributions, $1,363,200 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2097685,"buckets":{"$200 and under":2759,"$200.01-$499":82610,"$500-$999":252727,"$1000-$1999":396389,"$2000 and over":1363200},"megaShare":65,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000609_1t8n55","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$108,950 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $108,950 across 61 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,965.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00615294","date":"2016-06-30","amount":108950,"count":61,"baseline":13965,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00615294/"]},{"id":"P15_R000609_1t8n6r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,100 donation spike on 2016-06-14 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-14 this committee recorded $67,100 across 32 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,464.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00615294","date":"2016-06-14","amount":67100,"count":32,"baseline":10464,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00615294/"]},{"id":"P15_R000609_cv5n2w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,400 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $65,400 across 25 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,722.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00615294","date":"2017-06-30","amount":65400,"count":25,"baseline":6722,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00615294/"]},{"id":"P17_R000609_RHHBY_2020-04-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold RHHBY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-14 and 2020-04-15, 3 members took the same direction on RHHBY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RHHBY","date":"2020-04-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RHHBY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"R000609","name":"John Rutherford"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2020-04-14 to 2020-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000609_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Rutherford executed 6 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HPQ","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2021-02-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Schools and Libraries Universal Service Support Mechanism","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2022-02-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Schools and Libraries Universal Service Support Mechanism","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2022-02-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000609_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Rutherford executed 13 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-02-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-02-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000609_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Rutherford executed 7 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2022-02-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2022-02-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2022-02-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000609_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Rutherford executed 4 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2022-02-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2021-02-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policies and Procedures for the Protection of Proprietary Rights in Technical Information Proposed for Release to Foreig","agency":"Defense Department, Navy Department","date":"2022-02-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policies and Procedures for the Protection of Proprietary Rights in Technical Information Proposed for Release to Foreig","agency":"Defense Department, Navy Department","date":"2022-02-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000609_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Rutherford executed 7 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; General Hospital and Personal Use Devices; Classification of the Spore Test Strip","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-02-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; General Hospital and Personal Use Devices; Classification of the Spore Test Strip","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-02-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000609_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Agriculture trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Rutherford executed 2 Agriculture-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSN","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000609_3kqyob","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Rutherford campaign paid $22,403,263 to 29 surname-matched vendors, top: WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","explanation":"John Rutherford's campaign paid 102 disbursements totaling $22,403,263 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","total":7514049.829999999,"count":26,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":1601000,"date":"2014-10-02","description":"ADVERTISING: MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":847394,"date":"2008-09-15","description":"T.V. & RADIO ADS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WILSON-GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":340380,"date":"2012-09-27","description":"ADVERTISING: TV / RADIO TIME BUY","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","total":4140558.22,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":323755,"date":"2006-10-26","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":283562.48,"date":"2006-10-19","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS","amount":264305,"date":"2004-10-15","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS INC.","total":2550435,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":835096,"date":"2008-10-03","description":"BROADCAST TV, CABLE-ADS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":297057,"date":"2008-07-17","description":"ADS-TV,CABLE PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WILSON GRAND COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":272711,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"ADS-MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","total":2545482.6199999996,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":449426.08,"date":"2016-04-04","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":412331.74,"date":"2016-02-10","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL/SURVEY CALLS","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WILSON PERKINS ALLEN","amount":296307.21,"date":"2016-01-07","description":"SURVEY RESEARCH/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON, WILLIE","total":1825379.07,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON, WILLIE","amount":1825379.07,"date":"2020-12-22","description":"REFUND OF PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILSON, DONALD R. JR.","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WILSON, DONALD R. JR.","amount":1000000,"date":"2024-03-18","description":"PAC CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"wilson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WILSON-GRAND%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P20_R000609_9k7qov","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"John Rutherford sits on committees overseeing Legal, Technology and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2022-03-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":36050542.61,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2018-10-24","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_R000609_Energy","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy BUYs filed 170d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Energy (13 buys vs 9 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":22,"avgGap":170,"buys":13,"sells":9},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":125,"avgGap":160}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_R000609_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RUTHERFORD, John Henry voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":1,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":7,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":363,"date":"2026-01-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":19,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4593) the SHOWER Act; providing fo"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":362,"date":"2026-01-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 4593) the SHOWER Act; providing fo"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_R000609","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"42% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 6.6× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 328 disclosed trades, 139 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 6.6× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":139,"total":328,"rate":42.4},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":6.58}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000609","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy)","explanation":"John Rutherford has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":13,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_R000609_T_20210305","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in T 10 days before SEC action","explanation":"John Rutherford sold T within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2021-03-05","title":"AT&T, Inc., et al.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045"]},{"id":"P40_R000609_WMT_20220401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in WMT 16 days before FTC action","explanation":"John Rutherford sold WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2022-04-01","title":"FTC Uses Penalty Offense Authority to Seek Largest-Ever Civil Penalty for Bogus Bamboo Marketing from Kohl’s and Walmart","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/04/ftc-uses-penalty-offense-authority-seek-largest-ever-civil-penalty-bogus-bamboo-marketing-kohls"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/04/ftc-uses-penalty-offense-authority-seek-largest-ever-civil-penalty-bogus-bamboo-marketing-kohls"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_MCD_20220217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $MCD 1 day after a corporate insider (Fallon Katherine Beirne  (CIK 0001721214)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Fallon Katherine Beirne  (CIK 0001721214)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0001567619-22-004729","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_PRU_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PRU 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $PRU 1 day after a corporate insider (Paz George  (CIK 0001235682)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PRU","filer":"Paz George  (CIK 0001235682)","filingDate":"2022-03-15","adsh":"0001127602-22-009287","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_AFL_20220217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AFL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $AFL 1 day after a corporate insider (LAKE CHARLES D II  (CIK 0001144994)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AFL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AFL","filer":"LAKE CHARLES D II  (CIK 0001144994)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0000004977-22-000046","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_PM_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $PM 1 day after a corporate insider (MARCIANO PAUL  (CIK 0001173879)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PM","filer":"MARCIANO PAUL  (CIK 0001173879)","filingDate":"2022-03-15","adsh":"0001062993-22-007784","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_PEAK_20220217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PEAK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $PEAK 1 day after a corporate insider (Van Treek Glen Alex  (CIK 0001508686)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEAK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEAK","filer":"Van Treek Glen Alex  (CIK 0001508686)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0001209191-22-010224","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_KEY_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KEY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $KEY 1 day after a corporate insider (Kwok Fong Wong  (CIK 0001660128)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KEY","filer":"Kwok Fong Wong  (CIK 0001660128)","filingDate":"2022-03-15","adsh":"0001437749-22-006302","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_USB_20220217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $USB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $USB 1 day after a corporate insider (DOLAN TERRANCE R  (CIK 0001185481)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"DOLAN TERRANCE R  (CIK 0001185481)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0001225208-22-002292","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_BK_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $BK 1 day after a corporate insider (Vitou Tim  (CIK 0001695806)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BK","filer":"Vitou Tim  (CIK 0001695806)","filingDate":"2022-03-15","adsh":"0001654954-22-003173","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_MDT_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $MDT 2 days after a corporate insider (Surface Carol A  (CIK 0001485966)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Surface Carol A  (CIK 0001485966)","filingDate":"2022-03-14","adsh":"0001127602-22-009166","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_AVGO_20220316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $AVGO 2 days after a corporate insider (FERNANDEZ RAUL J  (CIK 0001106627)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"FERNANDEZ RAUL J  (CIK 0001106627)","filingDate":"2022-03-14","adsh":"0001730168-22-000036","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_CVX_20220217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CVX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $CVX 2 days after a corporate insider (JOHNSON JAMES WILLIAM  (CIK 0001595948)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"JOHNSON JAMES WILLIAM  (CIK 0001595948)","filingDate":"2022-02-15","adsh":"0001127602-22-005017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_CTVA_20220217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CTVA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $CTVA 2 days after a corporate insider (Cassidy Meghan  (CIK 0001775175)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTVA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTVA","filer":"Cassidy Meghan  (CIK 0001775175)","filingDate":"2022-02-15","adsh":"0001209191-22-009829","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_DOW_20220217","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DOW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $DOW 3 days after a corporate insider (DOW CHEMICAL CO /DE/  (CIK 0000029915)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOW","filer":"DOW CHEMICAL CO /DE/  (CIK 0000029915)","filingDate":"2022-02-14","adsh":"0000899243-22-006316","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_KO_20210223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $KO 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $KO 4 days after a corporate insider (Lin Ko-Yen  (CIK 0001711531)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Lin Ko-Yen  (CIK 0001711531)","filingDate":"2021-02-19","adsh":"0001437749-21-003521","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000609_BMY_20200621","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BMY 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $BMY 5 days after a corporate insider (Paliwal Dinesh C  (CIK 0001360224)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BMY","filer":"Paliwal Dinesh C  (CIK 0001360224)","filingDate":"2020-06-16","adsh":"0000014272-20-000193","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_MET_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MET 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $MET 1 day before a corporate insider (Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MET","filer":"Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)","filingDate":"2022-03-17","adsh":"0001209191-22-019882"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_TFC_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $TFC 1 day before a corporate insider (Howard John M  (CIK 0001302900)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TFC","filer":"Howard John M  (CIK 0001302900)","filingDate":"2022-03-17","adsh":"0001664272-22-000208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_AVGO_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AVGO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $AVGO 1 day before a corporate insider (Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)","filingDate":"2022-03-17","adsh":"0001730168-22-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_MO_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $MO 1 day before a corporate insider (Auerbach Michael  (CIK 0001746080)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"Auerbach Michael  (CIK 0001746080)","filingDate":"2022-03-17","adsh":"0000899243-22-011522"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_GD_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $GD 1 day before a corporate insider (Mattis James N  (CIK 0001583058)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"Mattis James N  (CIK 0001583058)","filingDate":"2022-03-17","adsh":"0001209191-22-019591"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_LMT_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $LMT 1 day before a corporate insider (Ulmer Gregory M  (CIK 0001834781)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMT","filer":"Ulmer Gregory M  (CIK 0001834781)","filingDate":"2021-02-24","adsh":"0001225208-21-003710"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_NCLH_20210301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $NCLH 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $NCLH 2 days before a corporate insider (Farkas Daniel S  (CIK 0001566517)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NCLH","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NCLH","filer":"Farkas Daniel S  (CIK 0001566517)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001104659-21-031493"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_RIO_20220301","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RIO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $RIO 2 days before a corporate insider (Del Rio Frank J  (CIK 0001625861)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RIO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RIO","filer":"Del Rio Frank J  (CIK 0001625861)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001104659-22-030081"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_VZ_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $VZ 5 days before a corporate insider (Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)","filingDate":"2022-03-21","adsh":"0001062993-22-008169"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_TSN_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $TSN 5 days before a corporate insider (White Noel W  (CIK 0001340962)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSN","filer":"White Noel W  (CIK 0001340962)","filingDate":"2022-03-21","adsh":"0000100493-22-000057"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_VALE_20220217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VALE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $VALE 5 days before a corporate insider (Vale Michael G.  (CIK 0001527527)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VALE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VALE","filer":"Vale Michael G.  (CIK 0001527527)","filingDate":"2022-02-22","adsh":"0001127602-22-005846"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_EVRG_20220217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EVRG 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $EVRG 6 days before a corporate insider (Andrews Kirkland B  (CIK 0001529284)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EVRG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EVRG","filer":"Andrews Kirkland B  (CIK 0001529284)","filingDate":"2022-02-23","adsh":"0001127602-22-006379"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_CAT_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $CAT 7 days before a corporate insider (Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)","filingDate":"2022-03-23","adsh":"0001554795-22-000115"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_PG_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $PG 8 days before a corporate insider (Foster Christopher A  (CIK 0001825948)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Foster Christopher A  (CIK 0001825948)","filingDate":"2022-03-24","adsh":"0001004980-22-000054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_MSFT_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $MSFT 8 days before a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-002319"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_HD_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $HD 8 days before a corporate insider (Carey Matt  (CIK 0001499743)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Carey Matt  (CIK 0001499743)","filingDate":"2022-03-24","adsh":"0000354950-22-000078"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_CMCSA_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $CMCSA 8 days before a corporate insider (ROBERTS BRIAN L  (CIK 0001063948)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"ROBERTS BRIAN L  (CIK 0001063948)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001225208-21-004502"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_LPT_20200115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LPT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $LPT 8 days before a corporate insider (PAPA CHRISTOPHER J  (CIK 0001271836)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LPT","filer":"PAPA CHRISTOPHER J  (CIK 0001271836)","filingDate":"2020-01-23","adsh":"0001209191-20-004585"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_MSFT_20200224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $MSFT 9 days before a corporate insider (Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001626431-20-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_PLD_20220316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PLD 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford sell $PLD 9 days before a corporate insider (ZOLLARS WILLIAM D  (CIK 0001085324)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"ZOLLARS WILLIAM D  (CIK 0001085324)","filingDate":"2022-03-25","adsh":"0001209191-22-021156"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000609_VALE_20200622","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VALE 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Rutherford buy $VALE 10 days before a corporate insider (Vale Brad  (CIK 0001635670)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VALE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VALE","filer":"Vale Brad  (CIK 0001635670)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001567619-20-012890"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_R000609_2022-03-16_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GD on the same day as a Defense floor speech","explanation":"John Rutherford delivered a 216-word floor speech on 2022-03-16 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today in honor of the memory of Steven Spickelmier who passed away at the age of 77 after a long battle with COVID–19. Steve was a U.S. Navy and Air Na- tional Guard veteran, ret…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) on the same day as the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-03-16","chamber":"House","wordCount":216,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today in honor of the memory of Steven Spickelmier who passed away at the age of 77 after a long battle with COVID–19. Steve was a U.S. Navy and Air Na- tional Guard veteran, ret","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/16/168/47/CREC-2022-03-16-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/16/168/47/CREC-2022-03-16-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_R000609_2020-01-28_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CVS 13 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"John Rutherford delivered a 231-word floor speech on 2020-01-28 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the life and legacy of Mr. Robert Shircliff of Jacksonville. Bob lived his Christian faith and was well-known for his giving and loving character. His extraordinary…\"). The member buy $CVS (a Healthcare-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":231,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to honor the life and legacy of Mr. Robert Shircliff of Jacksonville. Bob lived his Christian faith and was well-known for his giving and loving character. His extraordinary ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/28/CREC-2020-01-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/28/CREC-2020-01-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_R000609_2019-06-20_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $VLO 20 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"John Rutherford delivered a 197-word floor speech on 2019-06-20 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I thank my colleague from south Florida for, as was mentioned earlier, having the courage to stand up for our State and protect it from the scourge of drill- ing. I have to tell you, just l…\"). The member buy $VLO (a Energy-sector stock) 20 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-06-20","chamber":"House","wordCount":197,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I thank my colleague from south Florida for, as was mentioned earlier, having the courage to stand up for our State and protect it from the scourge of drill- ing. I have to tell you, just l","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/06/20/165/104/CREC-2019-06-20-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/06/20/165/104/CREC-2019-06-20-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_R000609_2017-07-19_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LMT 2 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"John Rutherford delivered a 955-word floor speech on 2017-07-19 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, today I rise in memory of Marine Ser- geant Joseph Murray, who paid the ul- timate sacrifice on July 12, 2017, when a KC–130 military transport plane crashed in the Mississippi Delta. Ser…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-07-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":955,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, today I rise in memory of Marine Ser- geant Joseph Murray, who paid the ul- timate sacrifice on July 12, 2017, when a KC–130 military transport plane crashed in the Mississippi Delta. Ser","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/07/19/CREC-2017-07-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/07/19/CREC-2017-07-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_R000609_GD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $GD — GENERAL DYNAMICS's PAC also donated $8,000","explanation":"John Rutherford executed 1 reported trade in $GD (GENERAL DYNAMICS). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $8,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","parent":"GENERAL DYNAMICS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-16"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"GENERAL DYNAMICS","total":8000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=GENERAL%20DYNAMICS%20CORPORATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=GENERAL%20DYNAMICS%20CORPORATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_R000609","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $77,500","explanation":"John Rutherford received campaign contributions totaling $77,500 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); SALTCHUK RESOURCES INC ($10,000); GENERAL ATOMICS ($7,500); NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":77500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NADAPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SALTCHUK RESOURCES INC PAC","ldaClient":"SALTCHUK RESOURCES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GENERAL ATOMICS","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_R000609_2017-07-11","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"89 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2017-07-11 — 89 unique tickers","explanation":"John Rutherford executed 89 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2017-07-11 to 2017-07-17), spanning 89 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2017-07-11","windowEnd":"2017-07-17","tradeCount":89,"uniqueTickers":89,"totalDisclosedTrades":328,"sampleTickers":["SSEZY","VIV","NSRGY","UOVEY","SKHHY","SMGZY","BTI","NTTYY","BNPQY","ORKLY"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_R000609","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 72 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Rutherford appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 72 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (21); insider followed trade (15); reg rule trade proximity (6); selective filing delay (5); speech advocacy trade (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":72,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":21},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":5},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":2},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000609","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_R000609","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Rutherford named in 3 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"John Rutherford appears as a named subject in 3 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative John Rutherford · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":3,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative John Rutherford","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-john-rutherford/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative John Rutherford","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-66/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative John Rutherford","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-john-2/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-john-rutherford/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-66/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-john-2/"]},{"id":"P90_R000609","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Rutherford's campaign paid $51,611 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: BOYD RUTHERFORD FOR LT. GOVERNOR ($12,000)","explanation":"John Rutherford's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 7 payments totaling $51,611 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BOYD RUTHERFORD FOR LT. GOVERNOR ($12,000 across 2 payments, services: P-2018 LT. GOVERNOR  MD · BOYD RUTHERFORD, LT. GOVERNOR  MD). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":51610.55,"paymentCount":7,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BOYD RUTHERFORD FOR LT. GOVERNOR","total":12000,"count":2,"descriptions":["P-2018 LT. GOVERNOR  MD","BOYD RUTHERFORD, LT. GOVERNOR  MD"]},{"payee":"RUTHERFORD COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"RUTHERFORD AND ASSOCIATES","total":9160.55,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONSULTING/EVENTS"]},{"payee":"RUTHERFORD MEDIA GROUP","total":8825,"count":1,"descriptions":["AUDIO VISUAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"RUTHERFORD FOR LT. GOVERNOR","total":6000,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"rutherford"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6FL04105&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_R000609","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Rutherford draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.8M PAC / $9.9M total)","explanation":"John Rutherford's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.8M of $9.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.89,"pacSharePct":48.2,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6FL04105"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6FL04105/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_R000609","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Rutherford executed 15 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL NSRGY (27d apart)","explanation":"John Rutherford has 15 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL NSRGY 2020-01-15 → 2020-02-11 (27d) · BUY→SELL EVRG 2022-02-17 → 2022-03-16 (27d) · BUY→SELL UGI 2022-02-17 → 2022-03-16 (27d) · BUY→SELL MCD 2022-02-17 → 2022-03-16 (27d) · BUY→SELL CVX 2022-02-17 → 2022-03-16 (27d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":15,"samples":[{"ticker":"NSRGY","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-15","date2":"2020-02-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"EVRG","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-17","date2":"2022-03-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UGI","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-17","date2":"2022-03-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MCD","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-17","date2":"2022-03-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CVX","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-17","date2":"2022-03-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TSCDY","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-17","date2":"2022-03-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VOLVY","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-17","date2":"2022-03-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PWCDF","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-02-17","date2":"2022-03-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_R000609","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Rutherford triggers 30 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John Rutherford accumulates 30 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":30,"distinctDetectorTypes":25}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_R000609_2022-03-16","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Rutherford — 82 trades on 2022-03-16","explanation":"John Rutherford disclosed 82 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2022-03-16). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2022-03-16","count":82}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_R000609","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Rutherford — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (328/328)","explanation":"John Rutherford's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":328,"atBracket":328,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_R000609","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Rutherford — 167 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John Rutherford has traded 167 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":167,"sample":["DOW","ZURVY","FNF","TM","VZ","BNPQY","ASX","AVGO","TFC","XOM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"N000190":[{"id":"P2_N000190_in0at4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ralph Norman serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Financial Services","Budget","Financial Services","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Norman","https://norman.house.gov/meet-ralph/committees.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/N000190"]},{"id":"P2_N000190_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ralph Norman serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":5000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Financial Services","Budget","Financial Services","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Norman","https://norman.house.gov/meet-ralph/committees.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/N000190"]},{"id":"P2_N000190_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $4,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Ralph Norman serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $4,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":4000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Budget","Financial Services","Budget","Financial Services","Budget"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Norman","https://norman.house.gov/meet-ralph/committees.htm","https://clerk.house.gov/members/N000190"]},{"id":"P10_N000190_yscu9u","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $248,643 / spent $218,512","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00781740","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITY FUND","year":"2022","totalReceipts":80843.4,"totalDisbursements":36647.8,"cashOnHand":44195.6},{"cmteId":"C00781740","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITY FUND","year":"2024","totalReceipts":42050,"totalDisbursements":57326.6,"cashOnHand":28919.03},{"cmteId":"C00781740","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITY FUND","year":"2026","totalReceipts":125750,"totalDisbursements":124537.1,"cashOnHand":30131.97}],"totalRaised":248643.4,"totalSpent":218511.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_N000190_yg9aq1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,800 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $58,800 across 26 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,730.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633610","date":"2018-03-31","amount":58800,"count":26,"baseline":9730,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633610/"]},{"id":"P15_N000190_yg9aod","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,400 donation spike on 2018-03-13 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-13 this committee recorded $51,400 across 39 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,472.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633610","date":"2018-03-13","amount":51400,"count":39,"baseline":6472,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633610/"]},{"id":"P15_N000190_bo8zvv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,000 donation spike on 2025-08-05 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-05 this committee recorded $70,000 across 16 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,837.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00781740","date":"2025-08-05","amount":70000,"count":16,"baseline":6837,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781740/"]},{"id":"P19_N000190_wnix99","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ralph Norman campaign paid $22,697,189 to 34 surname-matched vendors, top: THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","explanation":"Ralph Norman's campaign paid 265 disbursements totaling $22,697,189 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","total":9569721.780000001,"count":73,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","amount":569194,"date":"2024-10-02","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","amount":528101.5,"date":"2024-06-06","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","amount":471400,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"PRINTING/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","total":3811869,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":1038313,"date":"2018-09-14","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":548961,"date":"2018-09-18","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":366563,"date":"2010-09-23","description":"ADVANCE DIRECT MAIL COSTS (SEE MEMO TEXT FOR DETAILED EXPLANATION)","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","total":1698817.71,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":235265,"date":"2012-10-10","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":134550,"date":"2010-07-16","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION & PRINTING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":100265.14,"date":"2014-10-23","description":"DIRECT MAILING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","total":1550924.63,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":106580.15,"date":"2020-10-27","description":"EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":99177,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"BULK MAIL, LITERATURE, RETREAT AND TRAINING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":91000,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"MAIL PROGRAM: MAILING # 3","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH LESTER","total":987053.9,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH LESTER","amount":987053.9,"date":"2020-09-18","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","total":616918,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","amount":144482,"date":"2006-01-30","description":"DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","amount":143035,"date":"2006-08-17","description":"DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","amount":94230,"date":"2006-07-01","description":"DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"norman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THE%20RICHARD%20NORMAN%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P26_N000190_4r0mfd","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Ralph Norman's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"SOUTHEAST COTTON COMMITTEE (SECC) SOUTHEREN COTTON GROWERS INC/SE COTTON GINNERS ASSOCIATION","total":2500,"fara_registrant":"Cotton, Seligman & Ray","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P29_N000190_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with SC R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NORMAN, Ralph voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":385,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7006) the Financial Services and G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":384,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7006) the Financial Services and G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_N000190","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Ralph Norman has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_N000190_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_118957","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $1,500 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $1,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118957","title":"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market","date":"2026-02-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":1500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_American_Enterprise_Institute__118713","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Enterprise Institute Housing Center testified before House Financial Services — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-03 held a hearing titled \"Building Capacity: Reducing Government Roadblocks to Housing Supply\". The witness Mr. Tobias Peter (American Enterprise Institute Housing Center) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118713","title":"Building Capacity: Reducing Government Roadblocks to Housing Supply","date":"2025-12-03T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tobias Peter","witnessOrg":"American Enterprise Institute Housing Center","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118713"},{"source":"donor","name":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118713","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_Independent_Dealers_Trading_As_118709","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Independent Dealers & Trading Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Examining Primary Dealers and Their …\". The witness Mr. James Tabacchi (Independent Dealers & Trading Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118709","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Examining Primary Dealers and Their Balance Sheet","date":"2025-12-02T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Tabacchi","witnessOrg":"Independent Dealers & Trading Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118709"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL INDEPENDENT AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TX","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20INDEPENDENT%20AUTOMOBILE%20DEALERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118709","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20INDEPENDENT%20AUTOMOBILE%20DEALERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $2,000 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"TRULIANT FEDERAL CREDIT UNION PAC","total":2000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRULIANT%20FEDERAL%20CREDIT%20UNION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRULIANT%20FEDERAL%20CREDIT%20UNION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_National_Association_of_Home_B_117970","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $6,000 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117970","title":"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America","date":"2025-03-04T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS BUILD PAC","total":6000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20BUILD%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20BUILD%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL COUNCIL OF TEXTILE ORGANIZATIONS TEXTILE PAC","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COUNCIL%20OF%20TEXTILE%20ORGANIZATIONS%20TEXTILE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COUNCIL%20OF%20TEXTILE%20ORGANIZATIONS%20TEXTILE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_Cavco_Industries_on_behalf_of__116212","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-07-14 held a hearing titled \"How Mandates Like ESG Distort Markets and Drive Up Costs for Insurance and Housing\". The witness Mr. Bill Boor (Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116212","title":"How Mandates Like ESG Distort Markets and Drive Up Costs for Insurance and Housing","date":"2023-07-14T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Bill Boor","witnessOrg":"Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116212"},{"source":"donor","name":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116212","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000190_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_119232","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $1,500 donor","explanation":"Ralph Norman sits on House Financial Services, which on 2026-04-28 held a hearing titled \"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $1,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"119232","title":"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities","date":"2026-04-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":1500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_N000190","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $31,000","explanation":"Ralph Norman received campaign contributions totaling $31,000 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS ($6,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AD ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AD ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":31000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS BUILD PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","donorTotal":6000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_N000190","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ralph Norman named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Ralph Norman appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Ralph Norman","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-ralph/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-ralph/"]},{"id":"P90_N000190","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ralph Norman's campaign paid $10,609,905 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY ($9,569,722)","explanation":"Ralph Norman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 85 payments totaling $10,609,905 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY ($9,569,722 across 73 payments, services: PRINTING/POSTAGE · PRINTING/POSTAGE/COLLATERAL MATERIALS- BOOKS · PRINTING/POSTAGE/LIST RENTAL). Cycles covered: 2008, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":10609904.780000001,"paymentCount":85,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","total":9569721.780000001,"count":73,"descriptions":["PRINTING/POSTAGE","PRINTING/POSTAGE/COLLATERAL MATERIALS- BOOKS","PRINTING/POSTAGE/LIST RENTAL"]},{"payee":"THE RICHARD NORMAN CO.","total":616918,"count":6,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL COSTS","DIRECT MAIL EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"RICHARD NORMAN COMPANY","total":140125,"count":2,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL FUNDRAISING","DIRECT MAIL FUNDRAISER"]},{"payee":"CUMMINGS, NORMAN B.","total":135000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONSULTANT-RESEARCH"]},{"payee":"NORMAN ANALYSTICS & RESEARCH","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":["PAC POLLING & RESEARCH"]}],"surname":"norman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8SC05158&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"D000096":[{"id":"P2_D000096_7gqoa7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_in0at4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_5p9twk","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSN. PAC gave $4,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $4,000 from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSN. PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSN. PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_8ho51b","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITI gave $3,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $3,500 from AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LIFE INSURERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_hurmsg","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMM gave $2,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_87rop7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSN.  PAC gave $2,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSN.  PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSN.  PAC","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_qemiiu","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEE gave $2,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_tejdky","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMI gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_cyv5zx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_D000096_mmntf2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL  gave $2,500 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Danny Davis serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $2,500 from AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AHAPAC), a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AHAPAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means","Ways and Means"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)","https://clerk.house.gov/members/D000096","http://davis.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-danny-k-davis-116th-congress-committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P6_D000096_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,323,197 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Democratic Congressional Campaign Commit","explanation":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spent $1,323,197 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 92 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":1323196.56,"oppose":8499580.220000003,"events":92}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_D000096_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,395,065 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $2,395,065 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":2395065.0700000003,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P6_D000096_ubwdau","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$864,585 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WFW ACTION FUND INC","explanation":"WFW ACTION FUND INC spent $864,585 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00698936","name":"WFW ACTION FUND INC","support":864585.35,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00698936/"]},{"id":"P6_D000096_d14uho","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$425,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL ACTION FUND","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL ACTION FUND spent $425,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90021353","name":"OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL ACTION FUND","support":425000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021353/"]},{"id":"P7_D000096_wfg2i7","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $31,229,466 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $31,229,466 opposing this member across 829 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":31229465.759999987,"totalSupport":6203042.219999999,"events":829,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":8499580.220000003},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":8220931.5},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5727460.54},{"name":"CONSERVATIVE OUTSIDER PAC INC","oppose":2509665.79},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":2033946.98}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000096_sbvztf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$274,317 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $274,317 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":283511.45,"oppose":9194.79,"net":274316.66000000003,"events":77,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":130031.05,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":116686,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":1437.2,"oppose":6154.59,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":7096.37,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":7065.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_D000096_7btbll","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $210,787 / spent $153,118","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00854430","cmteName":"PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS TRANSFORM ELECTIONS (PIRATE) PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":77689.2,"totalDisbursements":44095.7,"cashOnHand":33593.57},{"cmteId":"C00882043","cmteName":"URBAN PROGRESS LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":12780,"totalDisbursements":12298.2,"cashOnHand":481.78},{"cmteId":"C00835579","cmteName":"WORKING EVERY NIGHT AND DAY FOR YOU PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":44518.6,"totalDisbursements":44471.9,"cashOnHand":46.78},{"cmteId":"C00854430","cmteName":"PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS TRANSFORM ELECTIONS (PIRATE) PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":67500,"totalDisbursements":47321.2,"cashOnHand":53772.39},{"cmteId":"C00882043","cmteName":"URBAN PROGRESS LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":7596.1,"totalDisbursements":4181.1,"cashOnHand":2822.69}],"totalRaised":210787.1,"totalSpent":153118.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000096_4idbea","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Danny Davis campaign paid $39,259,652 to 153 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Danny Davis's campaign paid 464 disbursements totaling $39,259,652 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","total":2777326,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":275000,"date":"2016-07-28","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":207963,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"AD PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RING LIMITED","total":2407327.5199999996,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"RING LIMITED","amount":403656.95,"date":"2022-10-07","description":"DIGITAL ADS","surnameMatched":"ring","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RING LIMITED","amount":254858.14,"date":"2022-09-19","description":"DIGITAL ADS","surnameMatched":"ring","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RING LIMITED","amount":213967.2,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"DIGITAL ADS","surnameMatched":"ring","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","total":2290000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","amount":2290000,"date":"2022-05-18","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","total":2247895.92,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","amount":2247895.92,"date":"2007-03-31","description":"ALL O/S REATTRIBUTED AS CONTRIBUTION CAM","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","total":1585457.5,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":706912.5,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"ADVERTISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":158067,"date":"2024-04-05","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":142184,"date":"2024-01-08","description":"PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P35_D000096_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee both supported ($1,323,197) and opposed ($8,499,580) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Danny Davis advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":1323196.56,"oppose":8499580.220000003,"events":92}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P36_D000096","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Danny Davis has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_D000096_Compassion_Home_Health_Care_118003","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Compassion Home Health Care testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Danny Davis sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2025-03-11 held a hearing titled \"After the Hospital: Ensuring Access to Quality Post-Acute Care\". The witness Dr. Dana Madison (Compassion Home Health Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"118003","title":"After the Hospital: Ensuring Access to Quality Post-Acute Care","date":"2025-03-11T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Dana Madison","witnessOrg":"Compassion Home Health Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118003"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118003","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000096_AFSCME_Council_28_the_Washingt_117860","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AFSCME Council 28, the Washington Federation of State Employees testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Danny Davis sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare, which on 2025-02-06 held a hearing titled \"Time's Running Out: Prosecuting Fraudsters for Stealing Billions in Unemployment Benefits from American Workers\". The witness Shelby Meyenburg (AFSCME Council 28, the Washington Federation of State Employees) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 4 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Work and Welfare","eventId":"117860","title":"Time's Running Out: Prosecuting Fraudsters for Stealing Billions in Unemployment Benefits from American Workers","date":"2025-02-06T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Shelby Meyenburg","witnessOrg":"AFSCME Council 28, the Washington Federation of State Employees","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117860"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES - P E O P L E, QUALIFIED","total":10000,"count":4,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20FEDERATION%20OF%20STATE%20COUNTY%20%26%20MUNICIPAL%20EMPLOYEES%20-%20P%20E%20O%20P%20L%20E%2C%20QUALIFIED"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117860","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20FEDERATION%20OF%20STATE%20COUNTY%20%26%20MUNICIPAL%20EMPLOYEES%20-%20P%20E%20O%20P%20L%20E%2C%20QUALIFIED"]},{"id":"P47_D000096_The_Home_Depot_117588","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Home Depot testified before House Ways and Means — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Danny Davis sits on House Ways and Means, which on 2024-08-16 held a hearing titled \"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest\". The witness Karen Dewalt (The Home Depot) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means","eventId":"117588","title":"The Success of Pro-Growth, Pro-Worker Tax Policy in the American Midwest","date":"2024-08-16T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Karen Dewalt","witnessOrg":"The Home Depot","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117588","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000096_Duly_Health_Care_117466","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Duly Health & Care testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Danny Davis sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, which on 2024-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Improving Value-Based Care for Patients and Providers\". The witness Dr. Matthew Philip (Duly Health & Care) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"117466","title":"Improving Value-Based Care for Patients and Providers","date":"2024-06-26T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Matthew Philip","witnessOrg":"Duly Health & Care","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117466"},{"source":"donor","name":"HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117466","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=HEALTH%20CARE%20SERVICE%20CORPORATION%20EMPLOYEES'%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000096_United_Steelworkers_115766","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Steelworkers testified before House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Danny Davis sits on House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade, which on 2023-04-18 held a hearing titled \"Countering China’s Trade and Investment Agenda: Opportunities for American Leadership\". The witness Mr. Roy Houseman (United Steelworkers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade","eventId":"115766","title":"Countering China’s Trade and Investment Agenda: Opportunities for American Leadership","date":"2023-04-18T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Roy Houseman","witnessOrg":"United Steelworkers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115766"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"PA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STEELWORKERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115766","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STEELWORKERS%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20FUND"]},{"id":"P58_D000096","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$284K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 46% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Danny Davis received $283,511.45 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($130,031.05 = 46%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":283511.45,"oppose":9194.79,"byYear":{"2010":14170.190000000002,"2012":14839.499999999996,"2014":137587.28,"2016":205.41,"2018":163.34,"2020":24950.370000000003,"2022":210233.23,"2024":43269.3},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":130031.05,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":116686,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005798/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":1437.2,"oppose":6154.59,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":7096.37,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":7065.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_D000096","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $59,000","explanation":"Danny Davis received campaign contributions totaling $59,000 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL  ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRU ($9,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($5,000); LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":59000,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES - P E O P L E, QUALIFIED","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","ldaClient":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_D000096","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 27 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Danny Davis appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 27 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (10); hearing witness donor (5); ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":27,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":10},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000096","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P87_D000096_2026","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Danny Davis's 2026 PFD: 44 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (98% of 45 reported assets)","explanation":"Danny Davis's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 44 reported holdings owned by Spouse (36), Joint (0), or Dependent (8) — 98% of 45 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Citizens State Bank (Cottonwood Falls, KS) Type: Checking · Dependent: Jack's 529 Plan Institution: Quest 529 · Dependent: 90% Equity Portfolio · Dependent: TIEIX - Nuveen Equity Index Fund - Class R6.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2026","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":36,"Joint":0,"Dependent":8,"Self":0},"totalAssets":45,"familyShare":0.978,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Citizens State Bank (Cottonwood Falls, KS) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Jack's 529 Plan Institution: Quest 529","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"90% Equity Portfolio","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"TIEIX - Nuveen Equity Index Fund - Class R6","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"TCIEX - Nuveen International Equity Index Fund - Class R6","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_D000096","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Danny Davis's campaign paid $6,469,819 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: DAVIS, JOHN R. JR. ($2,247,896)","explanation":"Danny Davis's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $6,469,819 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DAVIS, JOHN R. JR. ($2,247,896 across 1 payments, services: ALL O/S REATTRIBUTED AS CONTRIBUTION CAM). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6469819.39,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","total":2247895.92,"count":1,"descriptions":["ALL O/S REATTRIBUTED AS CONTRIBUTION CAM"]},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP","total":1219269,"count":9,"descriptions":["MEDIA PRODUCTION","MEDIA CONSULTANT","MEDIA"]},{"payee":"DIXON DAVIS MEDIA GROUP","total":819945,"count":6,"descriptions":["MEDIA CONSULTING","MEDIA PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"THE DAVIS GROUP","total":513354.38,"count":1,"descriptions":["TV AIRTIME - COUNT ON & EVERY/DIFFERENCE"]},{"payee":"DAVIS, JOHN R JR R MR. JR.","total":300000,"count":1,"descriptions":["ERROR IN DEPOSIT SHOULD BE DAY BEFORE"]}],"surname":"davis"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4IL07037&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_D000096_2026","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Danny Davis's 2026 PFD: 8 holdings owned by Dependent Child (5 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Danny Davis's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 8 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 5 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Jack's 529 Plan Institution: Quest 529 · 90% Equity Portfolio · TIEIX - Nuveen Equity Index Fund - Class R6 · TCIEX - Nuveen International Equity Index Fund - C · VGSNX - Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund - Institut.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2026","dependentHoldingCount":8,"highValueCount":5,"holdings":[{"asset":"Jack's 529 Plan Institution: Quest 529","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"90% Equity Portfolio","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"TIEIX - Nuveen Equity Index Fund - Class R6","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"TCIEX - Nuveen International Equity Index Fund - Class R6","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"VGSNX - Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund - Institutional Shares","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"VBMPX - Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund - Institutional Plus Shares","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"VWEAX - Vanguard High-Yield Corporate Fund - Admiral Shares","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"RPIFX - T. Rowe Price Institutional Floating Rate Fund","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P104_D000096_2026","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Danny Davis's 2026 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Davis\" — top: Davis Preservation Cottonwood Falls, KS","explanation":"Danny Davis's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Davis\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Davis Preservation Cottonwood Falls, KS (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2026","surname":"Davis","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"position","entry":"Davis Preservation Cottonwood Falls, KS","position":"Other (Member)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P138_D000096","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Danny Davis draws 63% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.7M PAC / $15.5M total)","explanation":"Danny Davis's FEC-bulk record shows 63% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.7M of $15.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.72,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.55,"pacSharePct":62.5,"cycleCount":41,"fecId":"H4IL07037"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4IL07037/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_D000096","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Danny Davis triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Danny Davis accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_D000096","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Danny Davis operates 3 distinct leadership PACs ($0.2M combined receipts)","explanation":"Danny Davis operates 3 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.2M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS TRANSFORM ELECTIONS (PIRATE) PAC (C00854430) · URBAN PROGRESS LEADERSHIP PAC (C00882043) · WORKING EVERY NIGHT AND DAY FOR YOU PAC (C00835579).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.21,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00854430","cmteName":"PEOPLE IN RURAL AREAS TRANSFORM ELECTIONS (PIRATE) PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00882043","cmteName":"URBAN PROGRESS LEADERSHIP PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00835579","cmteName":"WORKING EVERY NIGHT AND DAY FOR YOU PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00854430/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00882043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835579/"]},{"id":"P158_D000096","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Danny Davis ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 7,613 cosponsored, 404 sponsored","explanation":"Danny Davis's congress.gov record shows 7,613 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":7613,"sponsoredCount":404,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/danny-k.-davis/D000096","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_D000096_2026","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Danny Davis's 2026 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Danny Davis's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: FID Freedom 2040 K6.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"FID Freedom 2040 K6","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_D000096_2026","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Danny Davis's 2026 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: USDA Washington, DC (Salary)","explanation":"Danny Davis's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2026) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Salary from USDA Washington, DC ($146,317.32).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2026","latestYear":"2026","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"USDA Washington, DC","amount":"$146,317.32"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04724197-7fa0-464d-9109-bb4e7a4e8b5f/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04724197-7fa0-464d-9109-bb4e7a4e8b5f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_D000096_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Danny Davis's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Danny Davis's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_D000096_2026","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Danny Davis — 38 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Danny Davis's 2026 Senate PFD shows 38 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2026","tickerPositions":38,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a3ae3e5b-b855-4669-8891-7ced04978113/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000583":[{"id":"P2_L000583_evytj7","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL A gave $8,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $8,000 from CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":8000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P2_L000583_nwt47w","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC) gave $7,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $7,500 from UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UBS AMERICAS INC. PAC (UBS PAC)","total":7500,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P2_L000583_sp7p6x","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD G gave $7,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $7,000 from WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVERNMENT FEDERAL FUND II, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEES GOOD GOVERNMENT FEDERAL FUND II","total":7000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P2_L000583_d8pyzx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ALLY FINANCIAL INC. ADVOCACY PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P2_L000583_in0at4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FI gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":5000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P2_L000583_vpm1i2","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (MORPAC gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $2,500 from MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (MORPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (MORPAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P2_L000583_tgc0dx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC A gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $2,500 from AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P2_L000583_923z0h","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC) gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $2,500 from FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"FMR LLC PAC - FEDERAL (FIDELITY PAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P2_L000583_a1yil4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPA gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate) and received $2,500 from AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services","House Administration","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate"]}],"citations":["https://loudermilk.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Bio_118th_Congress.pdf","https://clerk.house.gov/members/L000583","https://heritageaction.com/scorecard/members/L000583/114"]},{"id":"P19_L000583_9ota8s","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Barry Loudermilk campaign paid $971,519 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: VON NIDA CONSULTING","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk's campaign paid 101 disbursements totaling $971,519 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VON NIDA CONSULTING","total":579237.01,"count":65,"samples":[{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING","amount":17500,"date":"2023-02-15","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING","amount":17500,"date":"2023-04-14","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING","amount":9207.01,"date":"2024-12-19","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VON NIDA CONSULTING, LLC","total":259813.03,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING, LLC","amount":22000,"date":"2023-05-11","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING, LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2024-02-27","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING, LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2023-12-07","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VON NIDA CONSULTING LLC","total":112500,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING LLC","amount":10000,"date":"2025-10-09","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING LLC","amount":10000,"date":"2020-07-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"VON NIDA CONSULTING LLC","amount":10000,"date":"2025-08-13","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOUDERMILK, ROBERT","total":11710,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LOUDERMILK, ROBERT","amount":11710,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"loudermilk","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VON NIDA, MATTHEW C.","total":8258.82,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"VON NIDA, MATTHEW C.","amount":8258.82,"date":"2021-02-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"nida","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VON%20NIDA%20CONSULTING"]},{"id":"P34_L000583_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $11,017","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"INVESCO HOLDING CO (US), INC. PAC (INVESCO PAC)","total":8500,"matchedClient":"INVESCO HOLDING COMPANY US INC","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"DELTA AIR LINES, INC.","total":2516.91,"matchedClient":"DELTA AIR LINES INC","matchType":"exact"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_L000583","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $91,100","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk received campaign contributions totaling $91,100 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($16,600); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($9,000); INVESCO HOLDING COMPANY (US), INC. ($8,500); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":91100,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":16600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. PAC)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC(NADA PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INVESCO HOLDING CO (US), INC. PAC (INVESCO PAC)","ldaClient":"INVESCO HOLDING COMPANY (US), INC.","donorTotal":8500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_L000583","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Barry Loudermilk draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.4M PAC / $11.3M total)","explanation":"Barry Loudermilk's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.4M of $11.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.44,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.26,"pacSharePct":57.2,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4GA11061"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4GA11061/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001072":[{"id":"P2_C001072_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $32,814 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"André Carson serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $32,814 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":32814,"count":7,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson","https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/people/andre-carson","http://carson.house.gov/about/committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_C001072_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"André Carson serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson","https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/people/andre-carson","http://carson.house.gov/about/committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_C001072_alcsvh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATIO gave $7,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"André Carson serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology) and received $7,500 from EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","total":7500,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson","https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/people/andre-carson","http://carson.house.gov/about/committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_C001072_ai0een","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"SHEET METAL WORKERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSOC gave $4,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"André Carson serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Technology) and received $4,000 from SHEET METAL WORKERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SHEET METAL WORKERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":4000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson","https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/people/andre-carson","http://carson.house.gov/about/committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P2_C001072_uh97ye","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL A gave $2,500 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"André Carson serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Technology) and received $2,500 from EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Technology"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson","https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/people/andre-carson","http://carson.house.gov/about/committee-assignments"]},{"id":"P12_C001072_u7iqit","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100% of itemized donations from outside IN","explanation":"Only $0 of $26,259,526 itemized individual contributions came from IN. The rest — $26,259,526 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"IN","homeStateTotal":0,"outOfStateTotal":26259526,"outOfStateShare":100,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"FL334","amount":297956},{"stateZip3":"TX770","amount":290736},{"stateZip3":"TX750","amount":275256},{"stateZip3":"CA926","amount":258984},{"stateZip3":"TX752","amount":224988}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001072_97b3rz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"André Carson campaign paid $824,490 to 34 surname-matched vendors, top: CARSON CONSULTING","explanation":"André Carson's campaign paid 57 disbursements totaling $824,490 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARSON CONSULTING","total":195000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CARSON CONSULTING","amount":45000,"date":"2026-01-07","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING-NON CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CARSON CONSULTING","amount":45000,"date":"2025-12-11","description":"NON CONTRIBUTION ACCT - STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CARSON CONSULTING","amount":45000,"date":"2025-11-03","description":"NON CONTRIBUTION ACCT - STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARSON, SHELLY","total":78331,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CARSON, SHELLY","amount":20000,"date":"2008-07-07","description":"JFC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CARSON, SHELLY","amount":16666,"date":"2013-12-05","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CARSON, SHELLY","amount":16666,"date":"2013-11-01","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COATES, CARSON","total":70183.92,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"COATES, CARSON","amount":24209,"date":"2022-10-11","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COATES, CARSON","amount":10971.29,"date":"2022-04-04","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COATES, CARSON","amount":10000,"date":"2022-04-04","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARSON PLACE","total":63520.939999999995,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CARSON PLACE","amount":30820,"date":"2020-03-27","description":"STAFF EVENT","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CARSON PLACE","amount":14854.98,"date":"2019-02-13","description":"FACILITIES & RENTAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CARSON PLACE","amount":10422.2,"date":"2019-04-17","description":"FACILITIES & RENTAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MERING CARSON","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MERING CARSON","amount":50000,"date":"2010-10-13","description":"STATE ELECTION COMMUNICATION","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIDDLETON, CARSON","total":41000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MIDDLETON, CARSON","amount":11000,"date":"2023-12-14","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MIDDLETON, CARSON","amount":10000,"date":"2022-11-30","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MIDDLETON, CARSON","amount":10000,"date":"2020-11-18","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CARSON%20CONSULTING"]},{"id":"P61_C001072","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $139,500","explanation":"André Carson received campaign contributions totaling $139,500 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC. ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($10,000); ALLISON TRANSMISSION, INC. ($10,000); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":139500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"ELEVANCE HEALTH PAC","ldaClient":"ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLISON TRANSMISSION INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ALLISON TRANSMISSION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001072","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"André Carson's campaign paid $682,800 to 21 surname-matched vendors — top: CARSON CONSULTING ($195,000)","explanation":"André Carson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 44 payments totaling $682,800 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CARSON CONSULTING ($195,000 across 5 payments, services: PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING-NON CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT · NON CONTRIBUTION ACCT - STRATEGY CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":682800.47,"paymentCount":44,"payeeCount":21,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CARSON CONSULTING","total":195000,"count":5,"descriptions":["PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING-NON CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","NON CONTRIBUTION ACCT - STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CARSON, SHELLY","total":78331,"count":5,"descriptions":["JFC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FINANCE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"COATES, CARSON","total":70183.92,"count":6,"descriptions":["MANAGEMENT CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CARSON PLACE","total":63520.939999999995,"count":4,"descriptions":["STAFF EVENT","FACILITIES & RENTAL EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"MERING CARSON","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":["STATE ELECTION COMMUNICATION"]}],"surname":"carson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8IN07184&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001072","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"André Carson draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.9M PAC / $21.0M total)","explanation":"André Carson's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.9M of $21.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.97,"pacSharePct":51.9,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8IN07184"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IN07184/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_C001072","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"André Carson ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,185 cosponsored, 170 sponsored","explanation":"André Carson's congress.gov record shows 6,185 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6185,"sponsoredCount":170,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/andré-carson/C001072","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_C001072_ToauthorizethePresid","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"André Carson sponsored \"To authorize the President to award a gold medal on behalf o\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"André Carson has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To authorize the President to award a gold medal on behalf of Congress to Muhammad Ali in recognition of his contributions to the Nation."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_C001072","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"André Carson — DW-NOMINATE -0.43 vs IN delegation mean 0.27 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"André Carson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.43) is 1.9 standard deviations from the IN delegation mean (0.27). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IN","memberScore":-0.435,"delegationMean":0.26830434782608703,"zscore":"1.87"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C001091":[{"id":"P2_C001091_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $79,100 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Technology (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $79,100 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":79100,"count":24,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_gb616g","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_7o0zr3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC gave $10,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $10,000 from BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BORDER HEALTH FEDERAL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_2td594","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA-COPE P gave $8,167 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $8,167 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA-COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA-COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":8167,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_x2eio4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MIDWEST REGION LABORERS' POLITICAL LEAGU gave $7,500 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $7,500 from MIDWEST REGION LABORERS' POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MIDWEST REGION LABORERS' POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":7500,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_3exomc","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISO gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $5,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_mxb2wv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PA gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $5,000 from UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_8qosaa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATION gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $5,000 from SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_3atane","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $5,000 from NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC/ INTN'L  UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS (NEC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P2_C001091_379oou","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKER gave $3,500 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Joaquin Castro serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Legal, Technology, Defense) and received $3,500 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE FUND, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS CAMPAIGN ASSISTANCE FUND","total":3500,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["County Affairs","Government Efficiency & Accountability, Select","Higher Education","Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence","Foreign Affairs"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Legal","Technology","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquin_Castro","https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-joaquin-castro/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/C001091"]},{"id":"P10_C001091_htoy9v","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $278,097 / spent $278,097","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00526657","cmteName":"TOWARD TOMORROW PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":182927.4,"totalDisbursements":153399.9,"cashOnHand":29527.47},{"cmteId":"C00526657","cmteName":"TOWARD TOMORROW PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":19600,"totalDisbursements":47060.1,"cashOnHand":2067.39},{"cmteId":"C00526657","cmteName":"TOWARD TOMORROW PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":28579.1,"totalDisbursements":29764.9,"cashOnHand":881.66},{"cmteId":"C00526657","cmteName":"TOWARD TOMORROW PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":46990,"totalDisbursements":37501.7,"cashOnHand":10370.01},{"cmteId":"C00526657","cmteName":"TOWARD TOMORROW PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":10370,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":278096.5,"totalSpent":278096.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_C001091_ixp0e3","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of itemized donations from outside TX","explanation":"Only $985,855 of $2,590,641 itemized individual contributions came from TX. The rest — $1,604,786 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"TX","homeStateTotal":985855,"outOfStateTotal":1604786,"outOfStateShare":61.9,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":109216},{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":84226},{"stateZip3":"CA940","amount":78534},{"stateZip3":"CA941","amount":50176},{"stateZip3":"CA945","amount":47358}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001091_6tc174","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joaquin Castro campaign paid $1,077,114 to 40 surname-matched vendors, top: VILLARREAL RIGNEY, JOHN","explanation":"Joaquin Castro's campaign paid 168 disbursements totaling $1,077,114 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VILLARREAL RIGNEY, JOHN","total":327996.01,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"VILLARREAL RIGNEY, JOHN","amount":150000,"date":"2023-07-31","description":"IN-KIND - LOAN PAYOFF, PERSONAL FUNDS","surnameMatched":"villarreal","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VILLARREAL RIGNEY, JOHN","amount":150000,"date":"2022-03-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"villarreal","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"VILLARREAL RIGNEY, JOHN","amount":19613.37,"date":"2022-01-25","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: SEE BELOW IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"villarreal","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","total":235399.67999999993,"count":57,"samples":[{"payee":"KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","amount":5517,"date":"2009-02-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","amount":4572,"date":"2009-11-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","amount":4572,"date":"2009-11-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP, LLC","total":126952.89,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2015-05-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2015-04-10","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2016-02-10","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASTRO SYNERGIES","total":65500,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"CASTRO SYNERGIES","amount":15000,"date":"2016-03-07","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"castro","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CASTRO SYNERGIES","amount":15000,"date":"2016-02-05","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"castro","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CASTRO SYNERGIES","amount":11000,"date":"2017-04-19","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"castro","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOOB, CAMERON M","total":58326.98999999998,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"KOOB, CAMERON M","amount":5735.3,"date":"2020-03-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KOOB, CAMERON M","amount":4721.81,"date":"2019-07-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KOOB, CAMERON M","amount":4253.42,"date":"2016-05-05","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASTRO, MARIAN MS.","total":38800,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CASTRO, MARIAN MS.","amount":19400,"date":"2020-06-16","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"castro","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CASTRO, MARIAN MS.","amount":19400,"date":"2020-07-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"castro","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VILLARREAL%20RIGNEY"]},{"id":"P61_C001091","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $66,000","explanation":"Joaquin Castro received campaign contributions totaling $66,000 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($6,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS ($5,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":66000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":6000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF POSTAL SUPERVISORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001091","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joaquin Castro's campaign paid $136,509 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: CASTRO SYNERGIES ($65,500)","explanation":"Joaquin Castro's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 16 payments totaling $136,509 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CASTRO SYNERGIES ($65,500 across 6 payments, services: PROFESSIONAL FEES). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":136508.58,"paymentCount":16,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CASTRO SYNERGIES","total":65500,"count":6,"descriptions":["PROFESSIONAL FEES"]},{"payee":"MARIA ALVAREZ CASTRO","total":27000,"count":5,"descriptions":["CONSULTING FEES"]},{"payee":"ELECTION FUND OF MAYER, CASTRO, TROXELL & GRACE","total":17300,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"CASTRO, JUAN","total":11400,"count":2,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"JULIAN CASTRO FOR MAYOR CAMPAIGN","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["JULIAN CASTRO, MAYOR  TX"]}],"surname":"castro"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2TX35011&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001091","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joaquin Castro draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.4M PAC / $14.9M total)","explanation":"Joaquin Castro's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.4M of $14.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.37,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.86,"pacSharePct":42.9,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2TX35011"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX35011/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C001091","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joaquin Castro's PAC funding concentrates 58% in Technology ($0.08M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Joaquin Castro's PAC donors concentrate 58% in the Technology industry — $0.08M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.08M · Labor $0.03M · Healthcare $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":57.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.08,"Labor":0.03,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX35011/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"G000606":[{"id":"P2_G000606_79ibrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.kawc.org/news/2025-11-21/congresswoman-grijalva-receives-u-s-house-committee-assignments","https://jeffries.house.gov/2025/11/18/leader-jeffries-announces-committee-assignments-for-congresswoman-adelita-grijalva/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000606"]},{"id":"P2_G000606_wftcvr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMI gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.kawc.org/news/2025-11-21/congresswoman-grijalva-receives-u-s-house-committee-assignments","https://jeffries.house.gov/2025/11/18/leader-jeffries-announces-committee-assignments-for-congresswoman-adelita-grijalva/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000606"]},{"id":"P2_G000606_banlfh","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MU gave $10,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $10,000 from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","total":10000,"count":4,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.kawc.org/news/2025-11-21/congresswoman-grijalva-receives-u-s-house-committee-assignments","https://jeffries.house.gov/2025/11/18/leader-jeffries-announces-committee-assignments-for-congresswoman-adelita-grijalva/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000606"]},{"id":"P2_G000606_r46x33","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATI gave $8,000 — member sits on Education-regulating committee","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva serves on committees regulating Education (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $8,000 from NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION, a Education PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","total":8000,"count":2,"industry":"Education"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.kawc.org/news/2025-11-21/congresswoman-grijalva-receives-u-s-house-committee-assignments","https://jeffries.house.gov/2025/11/18/leader-jeffries-announces-committee-assignments-for-congresswoman-adelita-grijalva/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000606"]},{"id":"P2_G000606_lhhtvo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.kawc.org/news/2025-11-21/congresswoman-grijalva-receives-u-s-house-committee-assignments","https://jeffries.house.gov/2025/11/18/leader-jeffries-announces-committee-assignments-for-congresswoman-adelita-grijalva/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000606"]},{"id":"P2_G000606_vliuhm","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL  gave $5,000 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva serves on committees regulating Energy (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.kawc.org/news/2025-11-21/congresswoman-grijalva-receives-u-s-house-committee-assignments","https://jeffries.house.gov/2025/11/18/leader-jeffries-announces-committee-assignments-for-congresswoman-adelita-grijalva/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000606"]},{"id":"P2_G000606_giwro","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE  gave $5,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $5,000 from ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS, a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":2,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.kawc.org/news/2025-11-21/congresswoman-grijalva-receives-u-s-house-committee-assignments","https://jeffries.house.gov/2025/11/18/leader-jeffries-announces-committee-assignments-for-congresswoman-adelita-grijalva/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000606"]},{"id":"P2_G000606_8qosaa","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATION gave $3,000 — member sits on Labor-regulating committee","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva serves on committees regulating Labor (Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Energy, Oil & Gas) and received $3,000 from SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION), a Labor PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Labor"},{"source":"committee","names":["Education and Workforce","Natural Resources"],"inferredIndustries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Energy","Oil & Gas"]}],"citations":["https://www.kawc.org/news/2025-11-21/congresswoman-grijalva-receives-u-s-house-committee-assignments","https://jeffries.house.gov/2025/11/18/leader-jeffries-announces-committee-assignments-for-congresswoman-adelita-grijalva/","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000606"]},{"id":"P6_G000606_tdtriu","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$341,250 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PROGRESSIVE PROMISE","explanation":"PROGRESSIVE PROMISE spent $341,250 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00897926","name":"PROGRESSIVE PROMISE","support":341250,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00897926/"]},{"id":"P6_G000606_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$265,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY PAC","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY PAC spent $265,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY PAC","support":265500,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P8_G000606_rzatnq","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$161,215 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $161,215 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":161215,"events":1,"byYear":{"2010":161215},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":161215,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000606_htab28","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $275,097 / spent $278,114","explanation":"This member sponsors 10 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00426965","cmteName":"LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":43400,"totalDisbursements":46037.3,"cashOnHand":1280.26},{"cmteId":"C00426965","cmteName":"LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":22000,"totalDisbursements":22349.4,"cashOnHand":930.88},{"cmteId":"C00426965","cmteName":"LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":32480.9,"totalDisbursements":30728,"cashOnHand":2683.78},{"cmteId":"C00426965","cmteName":"LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":31000,"totalDisbursements":30959.9,"cashOnHand":2723.89},{"cmteId":"C00426965","cmteName":"LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":23500,"totalDisbursements":20641,"cashOnHand":5582.87}],"totalRaised":275096.5,"totalSpent":278114.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000606_s5hli","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adelita Grijalva campaign paid $471,872 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CON","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva's campaign paid 89 disbursements totaling $471,872 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","total":149022.11,"count":26,"samples":[{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","amount":16026.11,"date":"2019-09-17","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","amount":7145,"date":"2010-10-25","description":"FORWARD EARMARKED CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","amount":6600,"date":"2023-08-20","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL C","total":140000,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL C","amount":5000,"date":"2010-10-06","description":"","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL C","amount":5000,"date":"2014-10-24","description":"","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL C","amount":5000,"date":"2019-10-24","description":"2020 PRIMARY ELECTION","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LA GENTE FOR GRIJALVA","total":52000,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"LA GENTE FOR GRIJALVA","amount":7000,"date":"2025-12-23","description":"CONDUIT CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LA GENTE FOR GRIJALVA","amount":5000,"date":"2025-09-10","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LA GENTE FOR GRIJALVA","amount":5000,"date":"2025-09-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESS CMTE","total":30000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESS CMTE","amount":5000,"date":"2020-07-26","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESS CMTE","amount":5000,"date":"2024-06-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESS CMTE","amount":5000,"date":"2014-10-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA","total":30000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA","amount":5000,"date":"2013-03-18","description":"FEDERAL CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION 2014","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA","amount":5000,"date":"2012-10-15","description":"US HOUSE (AZ)","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA","amount":5000,"date":"2010-09-28","description":"D-AZ-07-HOUSE-10G","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RUBEN GRIJALVA CREATIVE LLC","total":15850,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RUBEN GRIJALVA CREATIVE LLC","amount":10850,"date":"2024-09-25","description":"PRODUCTION (AD26CC)","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RUBEN GRIJALVA CREATIVE LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2024-10-04","description":"POST PRODUCTION SERVICES (AD26CC)","surnameMatched":"grijalva","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=A%20WHOLE%20LOT%20OF%20PEOPLE%20FOR%20GRIJALVA%20CONGRESSIONAL%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P26_G000606_2zvyb8","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 2 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Squire Patton Boggs, LLP","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Patton, Blow, Verrill, Brand & Boggs","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P36_G000606","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P44_G000606_Pascua_Yaqui_Tribe_2025","pattern_type":"P44_EARMARK_TO_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earmarked $792K to Pascua Yaqui Tribe — also a $9,900 campaign donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva directed a $792,156 Agriculture earmark in FY2025 to Pascua Yaqui Tribe (7474 S Camino De Oeste,Tucson,Arizona,85746) for \"Tucson, AZ Pascua Yaqui Tribe Modular Classrooms Construction\". The same recipient (or a closely-named entity) appears in the member's FEC donor list with $9,900 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. Earmarks-for-donations is the canonical pay-to-play pattern; the public-interest test is whether the project would have been funded absent the donor relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"earmark","recipient":"Pascua Yaqui Tribe","project":"Tucson, AZ Pascua Yaqui Tribe Modular Classrooms Construction","amount":792156,"year":2025,"subcommittee":"Agriculture","district":"AZ07","location":"7474 S Camino De Oeste,Tucson,Arizona,85746","sourceUrl":"https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx"},{"source":"donor","name":"PASCUA YAQUI TRIBE","total":9900,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?two_year_transaction_period=2024&recipient_name=PASCUA%20YAQUI%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PASCUA%20YAQUI%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P44_G000606_Tohono_O_odham_Nation_2025","pattern_type":"P44_EARMARK_TO_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earmarked $1912K to Tohono O'odham Nation — also a $6,600 campaign donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva directed a $1,911,600 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development earmark in FY2025 to Tohono O'odham Nation (P.O. Box 837,Sells,Arizona,85634) for \"San Miguel Subdivision Road Improvements, Sells, AZ, Tohono O'odham Nation, AZ07\". The same recipient (or a closely-named entity) appears in the member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. Earmarks-for-donations is the canonical pay-to-play pattern; the public-interest test is whether the project would have been funded absent the donor relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"earmark","recipient":"Tohono O'odham Nation","project":"San Miguel Subdivision Road Improvements, Sells, AZ, Tohono O'odham Nation, AZ07","amount":1911600,"year":2025,"subcommittee":"Transportation, Housing and Urban Development","district":"AZ07","location":"P.O. Box 837,Sells,Arizona,85634","sourceUrl":"https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx"},{"source":"donor","name":"TOHONO O'ODHAM NATION","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?two_year_transaction_period=2024&recipient_name=TOHONO%20O'ODHAM%20NATION"}],"citations":["https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TOHONO%20O'ODHAM%20NATION"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Sault_Ste_Marie_Tribe_of_Chipp_118223","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $6,200 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-05-20 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through…\". The witness The Honorable Austin Lowes (Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,200 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118223","title":"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship Act” or the “FORESTS Act.”","date":"2025-05-20T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Austin Lowes","witnessOrg":"Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":6200,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118223","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-05-20 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118223","title":"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship Act” or the “FORESTS Act.”","date":"2025-05-20T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Communications_Workers_of_Amer_118363","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Communications Workers of America testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"\"Restoring Balance: Ensuring Fairness and Transparency at the NLRB\"\". The witness Ms. Jennifer Abruzzo (Communications Workers of America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions","eventId":"118363","title":"\"Restoring Balance: Ensuring Fairness and Transparency at the NLRB\"","date":"2025-06-11T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Jennifer Abruzzo","witnessOrg":"Communications Workers of America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118363"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNICATIONS%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20-%20COPE%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118363","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMUNICATIONS%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20-%20COPE%20POLITICAL%20CONTRIBUTIONS%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Cherokee_Nation_118725","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cherokee Nation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-12-11 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"\". The witness The Honorable Chuck Hoskin (Cherokee Nation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118725","title":"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"","date":"2025-12-11T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Chuck Hoskin","witnessOrg":"Cherokee Nation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725"},{"source":"donor","name":"CHEROKEE NATION","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OK","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHEROKEE%20NATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHEROKEE%20NATION"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Spokane_Tribe_of_Indians_118725","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spokane Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,200 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-12-11 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"\". The witness The Honorable Greg Abrahamson (Spokane Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,200 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118725","title":"Oversight Hearing on: \"Modernizing the Implementation of 638 Contracting at the Indian Health Service\"","date":"2025-12-11T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Greg Abrahamson","witnessOrg":"Spokane Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":6200,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118725","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Pechanga_Band_of_Indians_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pechanga Band of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness The Honorable Marc Luker (Pechanga Band of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Marc Luker","witnessOrg":"Pechanga Band of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20LUISENO%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20LUISENO%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Shoalwater_Bay_Indian_Tribe_118583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-09-09 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 681 (Rep. Keating), To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the \"Long-Term Le…\". The witness The Honorable Quintin Swanson (Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118583","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 681 (Rep. Keating), To amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (commonly known as the \"Long-Term Leasing Act\"), to authorize leases of up to 99 years for land held in trust for the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), and for other purposes H.R. 3654 (Rep. Randall), “Tribal Emergency Response Resources Act” H.R. 3903 (Rep. Begich), “Chugach Alaska Land Exchange Oil Spill Recovery Act of 2025” H.R. 3925 (Rep. Obernolte), “Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation Land Exchange Act” H.R. 4463 (Rep. Norman), To amend the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993","date":"2025-09-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Quintin Swanson","witnessOrg":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118583"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Fort_Belknap_Indian_Community_118518","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Fort Belknap Indian Community testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-07-22 held a hearing titled \"Examining the Trump Administration’s Work Combatting Transnational Cartels in Indian Country\". The witness Mr. Joshua Roberge (Fort Belknap Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118518","title":"Examining the Trump Administration’s Work Combatting Transnational Cartels in Indian Country","date":"2025-07-22T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Joshua Roberge","witnessOrg":"Fort Belknap Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118518"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118518","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Keweenaw_Bay_Indian_Community_118303","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Keweenaw Bay Indian Community testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 411 (Rep. Bergman), “Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Land Claim Settlement Act of 2025” H.R. …\". The witness The Honorable Robert Curtis (Keweenaw Bay Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118303","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 411 (Rep. Bergman), “Keweenaw Bay Indian Community Land Claim Settlement Act of 2025” H.R. 2916 (Rep. Stefanik), To authorize, ratify, and confirm the Agreement of Settlement and Compromise to Resolve the Akwesasne Mohawk Land Claim in the State of New York, and for other purposes H.R. 3620 (Rep. Begich), “Southcentral Foundation Land Transfer Act” H.R. 3670 (Rep. Stansbury), “IHS Provider Expansion Act”","date":"2025-06-11T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Robert Curtis","witnessOrg":"Keweenaw Bay Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118303"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118303","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Tulalip_Tribes_117844","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tulalip Tribes testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed\". The witness Mr. Glen Gobin (Tulalip Tribes) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117844","title":"Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed","date":"2025-02-25T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Glen Gobin","witnessOrg":"Tulalip Tribes","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117844"},{"source":"donor","name":"TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117844","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Affiliated_Tribes_of_Northwest_117844","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed\". The witness Ms. Amber Schulz-Oliver (Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117844","title":"Oversight Hearing on: Federal Indian Trust Asset Management: Progress Made But Improvement Needed","date":"2025-02-25T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amber Schulz-Oliver","witnessOrg":"Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117844"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117844","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Miccosukee_Tribe_of_Indians_of_117842","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,200 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025…\". The witness The Honorable Talbert Cypress (Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,200 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117842","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025”; H.R. 412 (Rep. Bergman), To authorize the Bay Mills Indian Community of the State of Michigan to convey land and interests in land owned by the Tribe; H.R. 504 (Rep. Gimenez), “Miccosukee Reserved Area Amendments Act”; and H.R. 741 (Rep. Stanton), “Stronger Engagement for Indian Health Needs Act of 2025”.","date":"2025-02-05T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Talbert Cypress","witnessOrg":"Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":6200,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Bay_Mills_Indian_Community_117842","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bay Mills Indian Community testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025…\". The witness The Honorable Whitney Gravelle (Bay Mills Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117842","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 410 (Rep. Begich), “Alaska Native Vietnam Era Veterans Land Allotment Extension Act of 2025”; H.R. 412 (Rep. Bergman), To authorize the Bay Mills Indian Community of the State of Michigan to convey land and interests in land owned by the Tribe; H.R. 504 (Rep. Gimenez), “Miccosukee Reserved Area Amendments Act”; and H.R. 741 (Rep. Stanton), “Stronger Engagement for Indian Health Needs Act of 2025”.","date":"2025-02-05T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Whitney Gravelle","witnessOrg":"Bay Mills Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117842","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Crow_Tribe_of_Indians_117714","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Crow Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources — also a $6,200 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, which on 2024-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Leg Hrg on the following bills: •\tH.R. 7662 (Rep. Houlahan), \"Critical Minerals Security Act of 2024\"; \r\n•\tH.R. 7807 (Re…\". The witness Mr. Frank White Clay (Crow Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,200 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources","eventId":"117714","title":"Leg Hrg on the following bills: •\tH.R. 7662 (Rep. Houlahan), \"Critical Minerals Security Act of 2024\"; \r\n•\tH.R. 7807 (Rep. Obernolte), \"Intergovernmental Critical Minerals Task Force Act\";\r\n•\tH.R. 8952 (Rep. Zinke), “Crow Revenue Act”; and\r\n•\tH.R. 10005 (Rep. Hageman), “Expedited Appeals Review Act” or the “EARA”.","date":"2024-11-19T19:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Frank White Clay","witnessOrg":"Crow Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117714"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":6200,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117714","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Col_117525","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 6489 (Rep. Peltola), “Alaska Native Village Municipal Lands Restoration Act of 2023”; H.R. …\". The witness The Honorable Jarred-Michael Erickson (Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117525","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 6489 (Rep. Peltola), “Alaska Native Village Municipal Lands Restoration Act of 2023”; H.R. 8942 (Rep. Hageman), “Improving Tribal Cultural Training for Providers Act of 2024”; H.R. 8955 (Rep. Johnson of SD), “IHS Provider Integrity Act”; and H.R. 8956 (Rep. Newhouse), “Uniform Credentials for IHS Providers Act of 2024”.","date":"2024-07-24T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Jarred-Michael Erickson","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117525"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117525","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Tunica_Biloxi_Tribe_of_Louisia_117352","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1208 (Rep. Cole), To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secre…\". The witness The Honorable Marshall Pierite (Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117352","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1208 (Rep. Cole), To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for Indian Tribes, and for other purposes; and  H.R. 6180 (Rep. Carl), “Poarch Band of Creek Indians Lands Act.”","date":"2024-06-26T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Marshall Pierite","witnessOrg":"Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117352"},{"source":"donor","name":"TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LA","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"LA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TUNICA-BILOXI%20TRIBE%20OF%20LA"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117352","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TUNICA-BILOXI%20TRIBE%20OF%20LA"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Poarch_Creek_Indians_117352","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Poarch Creek Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-06-26 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1208 (Rep. Cole), To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secre…\". The witness The Honorable Stephanie Bryan (Poarch Creek Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117352","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 1208 (Rep. Cole), To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for Indian Tribes, and for other purposes; and  H.R. 6180 (Rep. Carl), “Poarch Band of Creek Indians Lands Act.”","date":"2024-06-26T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Stephanie Bryan","witnessOrg":"Poarch Creek Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117352"},{"source":"donor","name":"POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"AL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117352","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POARCH%20BAND%20OF%20CREEK%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Crow_Tribe_of_Indians_117032","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Crow Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,200 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2687 (Rep. Peltola), To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to exclude certain pa…\". The witness The Honorable Frank White Clay (Crow Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,200 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117032","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2687 (Rep. Peltola), To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to exclude certain payments to aged, blind, or disabled Alaska Natives or descendants of Alaska Natives from being used to determine eligibility for certain programs, and for other purposes; and H.R. 7516 (Rep. Johnson of SD), “Purchased and Referred Care Improvement Act of 2024.”","date":"2024-04-30T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Frank White Clay","witnessOrg":"Crow Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117032"},{"source":"donor","name":"PUYALLUP TRIBE OF INDIANS","total":6200,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117032","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PUYALLUP%20TRIBE%20OF%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Col_117032","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2024-04-30 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2687 (Rep. Peltola), To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to exclude certain pa…\". The witness The Honorable Jarred-Michael Erickson (Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"117032","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 2687 (Rep. Peltola), To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to exclude certain payments to aged, blind, or disabled Alaska Natives or descendants of Alaska Natives from being used to determine eligibility for certain programs, and for other purposes; and H.R. 7516 (Rep. Johnson of SD), “Purchased and Referred Care Improvement Act of 2024.”","date":"2024-04-30T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Jarred-Michael Erickson","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117032"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117032","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Col_116631","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-12-05 held a hearing titled \"Legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R. 4524 (Rep. Newhouse) - “Parity for Tribal Law Enforcement Act”; H.R. 47…\". The witness The Honorable Jarred-Michael Erickson (Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116631","title":"Legislative hearing on the following bills: H.R. 4524 (Rep. Newhouse) - “Parity for Tribal Law Enforcement Act”; H.R. 4748 (Rep. Peltola) - “Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act”; H.R. 6368 (Rep. LaMalfa) - “Indian Buffalo Management Act”; and H.R. 6443 (Rep. Issa) - “Jamul Indian Village Land Transfer Act”.","date":"2023-12-05T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Jarred-Michael Erickson","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116631"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116631","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Tulalip_Tribes_116535","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tulalip Tribes testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-11-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on “Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Public Safety in Tribal Communities.”\". The witness Mr. Chris Sutter (Tulalip Tribes) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116535","title":"Oversight Hearing on “Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Public Safety in Tribal Communities.”","date":"2023-11-14T19:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Chris Sutter","witnessOrg":"Tulalip Tribes","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116535"},{"source":"donor","name":"TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116535","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TULALIP%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Che_116535","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-11-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on “Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Public Safety in Tribal Communities.”\". The witness The Honorable Dustin Klatush (Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116535","title":"Oversight Hearing on “Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Public Safety in Tribal Communities.”","date":"2023-11-14T19:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Dustin Klatush","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116535"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116535","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Southern_Ute_Indian_Tribe_116420","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Southern Ute Indian Tribe testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on “Tribal Autonomy and Energy Development: Implementation of the Indian Tribal Energy Development & S…\". The witness The Honorable Melvin Baker (Southern Ute Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116420","title":"Oversight Hearing on “Tribal Autonomy and Energy Development: Implementation of the Indian Tribal Energy Development & Self-Determination Act.”","date":"2023-09-28T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Melvin Baker","witnessOrg":"Southern Ute Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116420"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116420","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Col_116420","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on “Tribal Autonomy and Energy Development: Implementation of the Indian Tribal Energy Development & S…\". The witness Mr. Cody Desautel (Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"116420","title":"Oversight Hearing on “Tribal Autonomy and Energy Development: Implementation of the Indian Tribal Energy Development & Self-Determination Act.”","date":"2023-09-28T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cody Desautel","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116420"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS","total":4000,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116420","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20TRIBES%20OF%20SILETZ%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P61_G000606","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $153,100","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva received campaign contributions totaling $153,100 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 9 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL  ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":153100,"exactMatches":9,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_G000606","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 52 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 52 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (34); committee pac conflict (8); ie support concentration (2); earmark to donor (2); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":52,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":34},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":8},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P44_EARMARK_TO_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000606","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000606","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adelita Grijalva's campaign paid $257,000 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL C ($140,000)","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 51 payments totaling $257,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL C ($140,000 across 28 payments, services: 2020 PRIMARY ELECTION · 2022 GENERAL ELECTION · 2022 PRIMARY ELECTION). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":257000,"paymentCount":51,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESSIONAL C","total":140000,"count":28,"descriptions":["2020 PRIMARY ELECTION","2022 GENERAL ELECTION","2022 PRIMARY ELECTION"]},{"payee":"LA GENTE FOR GRIJALVA","total":52000,"count":10,"descriptions":["CONDUIT CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION","CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA","total":30000,"count":6,"descriptions":["FEDERAL CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION 2014","US HOUSE (AZ)","D-AZ-07-HOUSE-10G"]},{"payee":"A WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA CONGRESS","total":10000,"count":2,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"WHOLE LOT OF PEOPLE FOR GRIJALVA","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"grijalva"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2AZ07070&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_G000606","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Adelita Grijalva draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $18.2M total)","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $18.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.08,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.23,"pacSharePct":38.8,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2AZ07070"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AZ07070/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000606","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Adelita Grijalva's PAC funding concentrates 41% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva's PAC donors concentrate 41% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.02M · Agriculture $0.02M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":40.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.02,"Agriculture":0.02,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AZ07070/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_G000606","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adelita Grijalva operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.3M combined receipts)","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.3M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PAC (C00426965) · LAS ADELITAS PAC (C00941013).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.28,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00426965","cmteName":"LIVABLE COMMUNITIES PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00941013","cmteName":"LAS ADELITAS PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00426965/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00941013/"]},{"id":"P47_G000606_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"+9 more P47 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Adelita Grijalva accumulated 34 P47 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 9 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 7 MEDIUM · 2 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P47","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":9,"totalRaw":34,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":7,"LOW":2}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000606"]}],"M001229":[{"id":"P2_M001229_ye5f3","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UN gave $10,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"LaMonica McIver serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance) and received $10,000 from AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMonica_McIver","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001229","https://cawp.rutgers.edu/speaker/lamonica-mciver"]},{"id":"P2_M001229_20ghwx","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"LaMonica McIver serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Finance) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS &","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMonica_McIver","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001229","https://cawp.rutgers.edu/speaker/lamonica-mciver"]},{"id":"P2_M001229_e19x5e","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC gave $2,500 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"LaMonica McIver serves on committees regulating Finance (Defense, Finance) and received $2,500 from TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION C, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION C","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Homeland Security","Small Business"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Finance"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMonica_McIver","https://clerk.house.gov/members/M001229","https://cawp.rutgers.edu/speaker/lamonica-mciver"]},{"id":"P19_M001229_8pyhd8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"LaMonica McIver campaign paid $31,753 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: MCIVER, BILL","explanation":"LaMonica McIver's campaign paid 8 disbursements totaling $31,753 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCIVER, BILL","total":20000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MCIVER, BILL","amount":5000,"date":"2023-11-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"mciver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCIVER, BILL","amount":5000,"date":"2023-12-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"mciver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCIVER, BILL","amount":5000,"date":"2024-01-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"mciver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCIVER, JEAN B.","total":5437.200000000001,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MCIVER, JEAN B.","amount":2785.03,"date":"2008-03-24","description":"REIMBURSEMENT EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"mciver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MCIVER, JEAN B.","amount":2652.17,"date":"2008-02-20","description":"REIMBURSEMENT EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"mciver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCIVER, MARK","total":3515.65,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCIVER, MARK","amount":3515.65,"date":"2010-02-09","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"mciver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCIVER, TIFFANY","total":2800,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCIVER, TIFFANY","amount":2800,"date":"2024-07-22","description":"ADVANCE LOGISTICS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mciver","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MCIVER"]},{"id":"P25_M001229_Technology","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56% of PAC dollars ($213,100) come from Technology industry","explanation":"LaMonica McIver receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Technology issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Technology","amount":213099.5,"share":56.5,"totalPAC":377299.5,"pacCount":41},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":213099.5,"share":56.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":45400,"share":12},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":36500,"share":9.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":29800,"share":7.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001229_American_Hotel_and_Lodging_Ass_118766","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Hotel and Lodging Association Foundation testified before House Homeland Security — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"LaMonica McIver sits on House Homeland Security, which on 2025-12-17 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Enhancing Security for Special Events in the United States: “A Scourge Against Humanity: Addressing Human …\". The witness Ms. Eliza McCoy (American Hotel and Lodging Association Foundation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Homeland Security","eventId":"118766","title":"Task Force on Enhancing Security for Special Events in the United States: “A Scourge Against Humanity: Addressing Human Trafficking at Mass Gatherings”","date":"2025-12-17T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Eliza McCoy","witnessOrg":"American Hotel and Lodging Association Foundation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118766"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN HOTEL AND LODGING ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE ('HOTELPAC')","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HOTEL%20AND%20LODGING%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20('HOTELPAC')"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118766","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20HOTEL%20AND%20LODGING%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20('HOTELPAC')"]},{"id":"P47_M001229_Georgia_s_Own_Credit_Union_117876","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Georgia's Own Credit Union testified before House Small Business — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"LaMonica McIver sits on House Small Business, which on 2025-02-12 held a hearing titled \"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks\". The witness Michael Sims (Georgia's Own Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business","eventId":"117876","title":"Driving Economic Growth: SBA Lending Programs and the Vital Role of Community Banks","date":"2025-02-12T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Sims","witnessOrg":"Georgia's Own Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117876","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20CREDIT%20UNIONS%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%2C%20INC."]},{"id":"P61_M001229","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $40,000","explanation":"LaMonica McIver received campaign contributions totaling $40,000 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($10,000); PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC. ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($5,000); NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS ($5,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":40000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC. FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AKA - PRUDENTIAL FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS PAC","ldaClient":"NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_M001229","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"LaMonica McIver named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"LaMonica McIver appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative LaMonica McIver","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-lamonica-mciver/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-lamonica-mciver/"]},{"id":"P148_M001229","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"LaMonica McIver's PAC funding concentrates 84% in Technology ($0.21M / $0.25M classified)","explanation":"LaMonica McIver's PAC donors concentrate 84% in the Technology industry — $0.21M of $0.25M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.21M · Labor $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.21,"totalPacAmountM":0.25,"concentrationPct":84,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.21,"Labor":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NJ10176/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"P000621":[{"id":"P2_P000621_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $48,500 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Nellie Pou serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $48,500 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":48500,"count":15,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-nellie-pou/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/nellie-pou-2/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Pou"]},{"id":"P2_P000621_urxrf9","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $5,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Nellie Pou serves on committees regulating Defense (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-nellie-pou/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/nellie-pou-2/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Pou"]},{"id":"P2_P000621_oblp42","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE gave $5,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Nellie Pou serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $5,000 from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA - COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-nellie-pou/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/nellie-pou-2/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Pou"]},{"id":"P2_P000621_nmu0ry","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL gave $3,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Nellie Pou serves on committees regulating Technology (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $3,000 from INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","total":3000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-nellie-pou/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/nellie-pou-2/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Pou"]},{"id":"P2_P000621_ofyfpo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL A gave $2,500 — member sits on Telecom-regulating committee","explanation":"Nellie Pou serves on committees regulating Telecom (Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $2,500 from VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (VERIZON PAC), a Telecom PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (VERIZON PAC)","total":2500,"count":1,"industry":"Telecom"},{"source":"committee","names":["Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure","Homeland Security","Homeland Security"],"inferredIndustries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://chci.org/staff-and-leadership/rep-nellie-pou/","https://emilyslist.org/candidate/nellie-pou-2/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Pou"]},{"id":"P15_P000621_w60xct","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,775 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $51,775 across 49 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,234.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00887547","date":"2025-06-30","amount":51775,"count":49,"baseline":5234,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00887547/"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_Transport_Workers_Union_of_Ame_117944","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-04-08 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"\". The witness Mr. Andre Sutton (Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117944","title":"\"America Builds: Airport Infrastructure, Safety, and Regulatory Environment\"","date":"2025-04-08T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Andre Sutton","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union of America (TWU AFO-CIO)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117944","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_International_Brotherhood_of_T_117941","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: How Trucking Supports American Communities\"\". The witness Mr. Cole Scandaglia (International Brotherhood of Teamsters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"117941","title":"\"America Builds: How Trucking Supports American Communities\"","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cole Scandaglia","witnessOrg":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117941"},{"source":"donor","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117941","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_117936","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"\". The witness Mr. Nick Daniels (National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"117936","title":"\"America Builds: Air Traffic Control System Infrastructure and Staffing\"","date":"2025-03-04T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Nick Daniels","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117936","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_Seafarers_International_Union__117821","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Seafarers International Union of North America testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Schoeneman (Seafarers International Union of North America) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation","eventId":"117821","title":"\"America Builds: Maritime Infrastructure\"","date":"2025-02-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Schoeneman","witnessOrg":"Seafarers International Union of North America","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117821","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Rich Santa (National Air Traffic Controllers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Rich Santa","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_Transport_Workers_Union_116583","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transport Workers Union testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-11-30 held a hearing titled \"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill\". The witness Mr. Gary Peterson (Transport Workers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"116583","title":"Turbulence Ahead: Consequences of Delaying a Long-Term FAA Bill","date":"2023-11-30T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Gary Peterson","witnessOrg":"Transport Workers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116583","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20FOOD%20AND%20COMMERCIAL%20WORKERS%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20ACTIVE%20BALLOT%20CLUB"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_International_Brotherhood_of_T_115824","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Freight Forward: Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America\". The witness Mr. Cole Scandaglia (International Brotherhood of Teamsters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit","eventId":"115824","title":"Freight Forward: Overcoming Supply Chain Challenges to Deliver for America","date":"2023-05-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Cole Scandaglia","witnessOrg":"International Brotherhood of Teamsters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115824"},{"source":"donor","name":"D.R.I.V.E. - DEMOCRAT, REPUBLICAN, INDEPENDENT VOTER EDUCATION (THE PAC OF THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115824","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=D.R.I.V.E.%20-%20DEMOCRAT%2C%20REPUBLICAN%2C%20INDEPENDENT%20VOTER%20EDUCATION%20(THE%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20INTERNATIONAL%20BROTHERHOOD%20OF%20TEAMSTERS)"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_National_Air_Traffic_Controlle_115520","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"FAA Reauthorization: Navigating the Comprehensive Passenger Experience\". The witness Mr. Rich Santa (National Air Traffic Controllers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Aviation","eventId":"115520","title":"FAA Reauthorization: Navigating the Comprehensive Passenger Experience","date":"2023-03-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Rich Santa","witnessOrg":"National Air Traffic Controllers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115520"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115520","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20AIR%20TRAFFIC%20CONTROLLERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_P000621_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $14,100 donor","explanation":"Nellie Pou sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $14,100 in contributions across 4 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":14100,"count":4,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_P000621","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $94,100","explanation":"Nellie Pou received campaign contributions totaling $94,100 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($14,100); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($5,000); INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENT ($5,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":94100,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":14100,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REINFORCING IRON WORKERS (IPAL)","ldaClient":"INT'L. ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL & REINFORCING IRON WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_P000621","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nellie Pou draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.4M PAC / $5.8M total)","explanation":"Nellie Pou's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.4M of $5.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.38,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.77,"pacSharePct":41.2,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4NJ09194"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NJ09194/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_P000621","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nellie Pou's PAC funding concentrates 49% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Nellie Pou's PAC donors concentrate 49% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.03M · Education $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":49.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.03,"Education":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NJ09194/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"G000553":[{"id":"P2_G000553_sngt8","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE gave $10,000 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Al Green serves on committees regulating Defense (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $10,000 from MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE","total":10000,"count":2,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Homeland Security","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/al-green/","https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/al-green/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)"]},{"id":"P2_G000553_tku2l4","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"EXPERIAN NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL AC gave $5,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Al Green serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Real Estate, Defense) and received $5,000 from EXPERIAN NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (EXPERIAN PAC), a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"EXPERIAN NORTH AMERICA, INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (EXPERIAN PAC)","total":5000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Financial Services","Financial Services","Financial Services","Homeland Security","Financial Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://floodcoalition.org/members/al-green/","https://avoice.cbcfinc.org/member/al-green/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)"]},{"id":"P6_G000553_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$665,900 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $665,900 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 58 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":665900.05,"oppose":0,"events":58}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_G000553_c5kr0d","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,463,245 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,463,245 opposing this member across 126 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5463244.86,"totalSupport":944182.4299999999,"events":126,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":3775734.8499999996},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1394472.23},{"name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS/ SAVE AMERICAS FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","oppose":293037.78}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000553_o4pdpi","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$46,446 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $46,446 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":46445.840000000004,"oppose":0,"net":46445.840000000004,"events":15,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":42170.11,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004684","name":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS","support":3053,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA","support":925.0999999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":151.46,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":146.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000553_tdb63a","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Al Green campaign paid $118,084,795 to 117 surname-matched vendors, top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","explanation":"Al Green's campaign paid 462 disbursements totaling $118,084,795 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3696650,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3632833.15,"date":"2010-09-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3000000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":2442240,"date":"2022-11-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1931572,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1446494.5,"date":"2022-10-31","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","total":5109955.45,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":1132036.5,"date":"2022-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":934113,"date":"2022-10-07","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":811321.25,"date":"2022-10-03","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","amount":1877202,"date":"2006-10-18","description":"MEDIA BUY EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","amount":1000000,"date":"2025-04-15","description":"SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","total":965575,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","amount":965575,"date":"2006-10-11","description":"MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCOTT%20HOWELL%20%26%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P61_G000553","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $60,000","explanation":"Al Green received campaign contributions totaling $60,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: WASHINGTON GROUP ON BEHALF OF NATIONAL ASSN OF REA ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($7,500); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($7,500); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":60000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NAT'L ASSN OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"WASHINGTON GROUP ON BEHALF OF NATIONAL ASSN OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SHEET METAL WORKERS' INTERNATIONAL ASSN PAL","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000553","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $60,366 on 2025-02-05 (14.1× normal)","explanation":"Al Green's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $60,366 on 2025-02-05 — 14.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":60366,"maxRatio":14.1,"maxAmount":60366},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-02-05","amount":60366,"ratio":14.1,"baselineDaily":4295,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00578567","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578567&min_date=2025-02-05&max_date=2025-02-05"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578567/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578567&min_date=2025-02-05&max_date=2025-02-05"]},{"id":"P86_G000553","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Al Green named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Al Green appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Al Green","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-al/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-al/"]},{"id":"P90_G000553","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Al Green's campaign paid $835,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: GREEN, MARK ($675,000)","explanation":"Al Green's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $835,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GREEN, MARK ($675,000 across 3 payments, services: LOAN PRINCIPAL PAYMENT). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":835000,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GREEN, MARK","total":675000,"count":3,"descriptions":["LOAN PRINCIPAL PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"GREEN OREGON","total":160000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"green"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4TX09095&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_G000553","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Al Green named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.2M total receipts) — top: GREEN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Al Green appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GREEN VICTORY FUND (C00687574, $2.2M receipts, treasurer GRINDSTAFF, DOUG). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.23,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00687574","name":"GREEN VICTORY FUND","receipts":2229100.24,"treasurer":"GRINDSTAFF, DOUG","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687574/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687574/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00687574/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_G000553","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Al Green draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.7M PAC / $13.6M total)","explanation":"Al Green's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.7M of $13.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.59,"pacSharePct":34.7,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4TX09095"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX09095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000553","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Al Green's PAC funding concentrates 54% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Al Green's PAC donors concentrate 54% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.02M · Real Estate $0.02M · Agriculture $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":54.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.02,"Real Estate":0.02,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX09095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P182_G000553_HomesforHeroesActof2","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Al Green sponsored \"Homes for Heroes Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Al Green has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Homes for Heroes Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000546":[{"id":"P2_G000546_13lo82","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"COINBASE gave $103,999,990 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Graves serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $103,999,990 from COINBASE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COINBASE","total":103999990,"count":5,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Small Business","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Graves","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000546","https://transportation.house.gov/about/ranking-member-sam-graves/"]},{"id":"P2_G000546_pa1wvo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT gave $48,000,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Graves serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $48,000,000 from AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","total":48000000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Small Business","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Graves","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000546","https://transportation.house.gov/about/ranking-member-sam-graves/"]},{"id":"P2_G000546_n04nbi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMALGAMATED BANK gave $45,000,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Graves serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $45,000,000 from AMALGAMATED BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":45000000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Small Business","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Graves","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000546","https://transportation.house.gov/about/ranking-member-sam-graves/"]},{"id":"P2_G000546_ic842j","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"COINBASE COMMERCE (EXCHANGE) gave $40,500,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Graves serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $40,500,000 from COINBASE COMMERCE (EXCHANGE), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COINBASE COMMERCE (EXCHANGE)","total":40500000,"count":2,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Small Business","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Graves","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000546","https://transportation.house.gov/about/ranking-member-sam-graves/"]},{"id":"P2_G000546_wvuxye","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RIPPLE LABS INC. gave $25,000,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Graves serves on committees regulating Technology (Finance, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $25,000,000 from RIPPLE LABS INC., a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"RIPPLE LABS INC.","total":25000000,"count":1,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Small Business","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Graves","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000546","https://transportation.house.gov/about/ranking-member-sam-graves/"]},{"id":"P2_G000546_6b776v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. gave $15,000,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Sam Graves serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense) and received $15,000,000 from CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A.","total":15000000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Small Business","Small Business","Small Business","Transportation and Infrastructure","Transportation and Infrastructure"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Graves","https://clerk.house.gov/members/G000546","https://transportation.house.gov/about/ranking-member-sam-graves/"]},{"id":"P6_G000546_tx1xa1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$789,593 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from POLICE COALITION OF AMERICA DBA POLICE A","explanation":"POLICE COALITION OF AMERICA DBA POLICE ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION spent $789,593 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 474 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00758938","name":"POLICE COALITION OF AMERICA DBA POLICE ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION","support":789593.1700000006,"oppose":0,"events":474}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00758938/"]},{"id":"P9_G000546_xc0wgw","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$45,283 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $45,283 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":45282.97,"oppose":0,"net":45282.97,"events":20,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":31698.84,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":4421.37,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3195.5000000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","support":1954.06,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004361","name":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS ","support":1572.01,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000546_yjson","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $950,923 / spent $869,326","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00410621","cmteName":"SHOW-ME POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":10145.1,"totalDisbursements":542,"cashOnHand":13755.42},{"cmteId":"C00410621","cmteName":"SHOW-ME POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":30000,"totalDisbursements":22621,"cashOnHand":21134.42},{"cmteId":"C00410621","cmteName":"SHOW-ME POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":38000,"totalDisbursements":25750,"cashOnHand":33384.42},{"cmteId":"C00410621","cmteName":"SHOW-ME POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":132900,"totalDisbursements":77443.4,"cashOnHand":88841.02},{"cmteId":"C00410621","cmteName":"SHOW-ME POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":225500,"totalDisbursements":299584,"cashOnHand":14756.98}],"totalRaised":950922.7999999999,"totalSpent":869326}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000546_ldcduw","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"93% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $238,650 in itemized individual contributions, $221,800 (93%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":238650,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":350,"$500-$999":2000,"$1000-$1999":14500,"$2000 and over":221800},"megaShare":92.9,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_G000546_vc8trx","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"The National Republican Trust PAC both supported ($17,043) and opposed ($88,939) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sam Graves advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00455378","name":"The National Republican Trust PAC","support":17042.5,"oppose":88938.5,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00455378/"]},{"id":"P36_G000546","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Sam Graves has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_G000546","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Sam Graves received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P109_G000546","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Graves named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.7M total receipts) — top: GARRET GRAVES VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Sam Graves appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GARRET GRAVES VICTORY FUND (C00635565, $3.7M receipts, treasurer CRATE, BRADLEY T). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.69,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00635565","name":"GARRET GRAVES VICTORY FUND","receipts":3693279.13,"treasurer":"CRATE, BRADLEY T","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00635565/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00635565/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00635565/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_G000546","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sam Graves ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $30.8M across 28 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Sam Graves's FEC-bulk record shows $30.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $47.8M (PAC: $30.8M, individual: $14.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":30.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.78,"lifetimeIndividualM":14.52,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0MO06073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MO06073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_G000546","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sam Graves draws 64% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($30.8M PAC / $47.8M total)","explanation":"Sam Graves's FEC-bulk record shows 64% of lifetime campaign receipts ($30.8M of $47.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":30.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.78,"pacSharePct":64.4,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H0MO06073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MO06073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000546","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sam Graves's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Sam Graves's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_G000546","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Graves triggers 14 HIGH-severity findings across 12 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Sam Graves accumulates 14 HIGH-severity findings across 12 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":14,"distinctDetectorTypes":12}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_G000546","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Graves operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.0M combined receipts)","explanation":"Sam Graves operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.0M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: SHOW-ME POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (C00410621) · DO RIGHT BAYOU PAC (C00635557).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.95,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00410621","cmteName":"SHOW-ME POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE"},{"cmteId":"C00635557","cmteName":"DO RIGHT BAYOU PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00410621/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00635557/"]}],"H000874":[{"id":"P2_H000874_pa1wvo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT gave $48,000,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steny Hoyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $48,000,000 from AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","total":48000000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.smcm.edu/board-trustees/members/the-honorable-steny-h-hoyer/","https://legisletter.org/legislator/steny-hoyer-H000874/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H000874"]},{"id":"P2_H000874_n04nbi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMALGAMATED BANK gave $45,000,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steny Hoyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $45,000,000 from AMALGAMATED BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":45000000,"count":2,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.smcm.edu/board-trustees/members/the-honorable-steny-h-hoyer/","https://legisletter.org/legislator/steny-hoyer-H000874/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H000874"]},{"id":"P2_H000874_6b776v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. gave $15,000,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Steny Hoyer serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $15,000,000 from CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A.","total":15000000,"count":1,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations","Armed Services"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://www.smcm.edu/board-trustees/members/the-honorable-steny-h-hoyer/","https://legisletter.org/legislator/steny-hoyer-H000874/committees","https://clerk.house.gov/members/H000874"]},{"id":"P9_H000874_uhidfi","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$27,888 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $27,888 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":27887.780000000002,"oppose":0,"net":27887.780000000002,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":19254.07,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":4150.5,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1710.15,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":1240.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005137","name":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS UNION, LOCAL 400","support":1000,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H000874_i52zks","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $44,894,670 / spent $41,851,477","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00271338","cmteName":"AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA","year":"2010","totalReceipts":2805638.2,"totalDisbursements":2672148.8,"cashOnHand":1256965.11},{"cmteId":"C00271338","cmteName":"AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA","year":"2012","totalReceipts":2498197.1,"totalDisbursements":2674004.4,"cashOnHand":1081157.8},{"cmteId":"C00271338","cmteName":"AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA","year":"2014","totalReceipts":2284242,"totalDisbursements":2593085.8,"cashOnHand":772314.07},{"cmteId":"C00271338","cmteName":"AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA","year":"2016","totalReceipts":2416122.1,"totalDisbursements":2715395.2,"cashOnHand":473040.96},{"cmteId":"C00271338","cmteName":"AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA","year":"2018","totalReceipts":5010187.9,"totalDisbursements":4876901.9,"cashOnHand":606326.98}],"totalRaised":44894670.00000001,"totalSpent":41851477.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H000874_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"223615 employees of N/A gave $6,267,007 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 223615× N/A = $6,267,007. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":223615,"total":6267007,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H000874_j7zmcv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$350,097 donation spike on 2020-09-17 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-17 this committee recorded $350,097 across 259 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,959.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2020-09-17","amount":350097,"count":259,"baseline":30959,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_y8pytq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$297,695 donation spike on 2018-07-20 — 19.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-20 this committee recorded $297,695 across 150 contributions — 19.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,104.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2018-07-20","amount":297695,"count":150,"baseline":15104,"ratio":19.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_j7zmcs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$296,376 donation spike on 2020-09-14 — 20.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-14 this committee recorded $296,376 across 248 contributions — 20.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,756.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2020-09-14","amount":296376,"count":248,"baseline":14756,"ratio":20.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_6wffau","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$202,760 donation spike on 2024-07-18 — 16.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-07-18 this committee recorded $202,760 across 333 contributions — 16.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,177.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2024-07-18","amount":202760,"count":333,"baseline":12177,"ratio":16.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_6wffbl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$157,097 donation spike on 2024-07-24 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-07-24 this committee recorded $157,097 across 308 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,969.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2024-07-24","amount":157097,"count":308,"baseline":22969,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_mgbv5h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$149,159 donation spike on 2022-09-22 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-22 this committee recorded $149,159 across 104 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,776.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2022-09-22","amount":149159,"count":104,"baseline":12776,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_y8oouo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$133,355 donation spike on 2018-09-20 — 17.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-20 this committee recorded $133,355 across 120 contributions — 17.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,750.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2018-09-20","amount":133355,"count":120,"baseline":7750,"ratio":17.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_y8pytm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$130,841 donation spike on 2018-07-24 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-24 this committee recorded $130,841 across 93 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,605.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2018-07-24","amount":130841,"count":93,"baseline":19605,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_7g0ue8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$127,575 donation spike on 2016-10-28 — 12.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-10-28 this committee recorded $127,575 across 54 contributions — 12.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,338.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2016-10-28","amount":127575,"count":54,"baseline":10338,"ratio":12.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P15_H000874_mgbv5g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$123,987 donation spike on 2022-09-23 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-23 this committee recorded $123,987 across 115 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,012.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00271338","date":"2022-09-23","amount":123987,"count":115,"baseline":17012,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/"]},{"id":"P47_H000874_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_119152","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $40,495,178 donor","explanation":"Steny Hoyer sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2026-04-16 held a hearing titled \"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $40,495,178 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"119152","title":"Budget Hearing – Department of Homeland Security: CISA, TSA, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Secret Service, and FEMA","date":"2026-04-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","total":40495178,"count":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20OF%20AMERICA%20INC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119152","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20OF%20AMERICA%20INC"]},{"id":"P47_H000874_The_United_States_Coast_Guard_118241","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"The United States Coast Guard testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security — also a $40,495,178 donor","explanation":"Steny Hoyer sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security, which on 2025-05-14 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard\". The witness Admiral Kevin Lunday (The United States Coast Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $40,495,178 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Department of Homeland Security","eventId":"118241","title":"Oversight Hearing – The United States Coast Guard","date":"2025-05-14T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Admiral Kevin Lunday","witnessOrg":"The United States Coast Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241"},{"source":"donor","name":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","total":40495178,"count":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20OF%20AMERICA%20INC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118241","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UNITED%20STATES%20OF%20AMERICA%20INC"]},{"id":"P61_H000874","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Steny Hoyer received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P136_H000874","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steny Hoyer ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $59.9M across 46 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Steny Hoyer's FEC-bulk record shows $59.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 46 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $97.6M (PAC: $59.9M, individual: $29.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":59.85,"lifetimeReceiptsM":97.64,"lifetimeIndividualM":29.52,"cycleCount":46,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2MD05155"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MD05155/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_H000874","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steny Hoyer ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $98M across 46 cycles","explanation":"Steny Hoyer's FEC-bulk record shows $97.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 46 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":97.64,"cycleCount":46,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H2MD05155"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MD05155/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_H000874","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steny Hoyer draws 61% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($59.9M PAC / $97.6M total)","explanation":"Steny Hoyer's FEC-bulk record shows 61% of lifetime campaign receipts ($59.9M of $97.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":59.85,"lifetimeReceiptsM":97.64,"pacSharePct":61.3,"cycleCount":46,"fecId":"H2MD05155"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MD05155/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_H000874","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steny Hoyer's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Steny Hoyer's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_H000874","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steny Hoyer triggers 14 HIGH-severity findings across 11 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Steny Hoyer accumulates 14 HIGH-severity findings across 11 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":14,"distinctDetectorTypes":11}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_H000874","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steny Hoyer operates leadership PAC with $44.9M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA","explanation":"Steny Hoyer operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $44.9M and disbursements of $41.9M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA (C00271338). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":44.89,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":41.85,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00271338","cmteName":"AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_H000874","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steny Hoyer's leadership PAC disbursed $41.9M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Steny Hoyer's leadership PAC disbursed $41.9M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA (C00271338).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":41.85,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00271338","cmteName":"AMERIPAC: THE FUND FOR A GREATER AMERICA"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00271338/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P182_H000874_EuniceKennedyShriver","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steny Hoyer sponsored \"Eunice Kennedy Shriver Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Steny Hoyer has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_H000874","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steny Hoyer — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($48.8M)","explanation":"Steny Hoyer is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $48.8M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":48821897,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MD05155/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000599":[{"id":"P2_R000599_7cd5bo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE gave $31,161,333,468 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $31,161,333,468 from ACTBLUE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE","total":31161333468.34413,"count":58884,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000599_13lo82","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"COINBASE gave $237,876,169 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $237,876,169 from COINBASE, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COINBASE","total":237876169.2899999,"count":47,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000599_wvuxye","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RIPPLE LABS INC. gave $76,600,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $76,600,000 from RIPPLE LABS INC., a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"RIPPLE LABS INC.","total":76600000,"count":9,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000599_ic842j","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"COINBASE COMMERCE (EXCHANGE) gave $59,876,739 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $59,876,739 from COINBASE COMMERCE (EXCHANGE), a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"COINBASE COMMERCE (EXCHANGE)","total":59876738.870000005,"count":6,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000599_cmxwrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GREATER NEW YORK HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION MA gave $28,000,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $28,000,000 from GREATER NEW YORK HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GREATER NEW YORK HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION","total":28000000,"count":27,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000599_6zxyrv","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES gave $26,610,060 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $26,610,060 from ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ACTBLUE TECHNICAL SERVICES","total":26610059.769999985,"count":302,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000599_1wda76","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE gave $26,583,119 — member sits on Energy-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Energy (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $26,583,119 from AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, a Energy PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE","total":26583119.32,"count":25,"industry":"Energy"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000599_popqr","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND gave $26,533,854 — member sits on Defense-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Defense (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $26,533,854 from ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND, a Defense PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","total":26533854,"count":17,"industry":"Defense"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P2_R000599_kbh5gz","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"JUMP CRYPTO gave $25,000,000 — member sits on Technology-regulating committee","explanation":"Raul Ruiz serves on committees regulating Technology (Defense, Healthcare, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation) and received $25,000,000 from JUMP CRYPTO, a Technology PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"JUMP CRYPTO","total":25000000,"count":3,"industry":"Technology"},{"source":"committee","names":["Veterans' Affairs","Natural Resources","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce","Energy and Commerce"],"inferredIndustries":["Defense","Healthcare","Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/R000599","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)","http://ruiz.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses"]},{"id":"P7_R000599_jjt684","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,493,912 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,493,912 opposing this member across 39 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1493912.28,"totalSupport":387616.85,"events":39,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":630829.86},{"name":"AMERICAN UNITY PAC INC","oppose":423555.99000000005},{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":312338.63},{"name":"CALIFORNIANS FOR A STRONGER AMERICA","oppose":120000},{"name":"Inland Empire Taxpayers Association Federal PAC","oppose":3737.8}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_R000599_2edyt0","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,005 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $64,005 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":64004.829999999994,"oppose":0,"net":64004.829999999994,"events":51,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005822","name":"UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC","support":26412.46,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":14671.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":11992,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":3079.7599999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":2278.4399999999996,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000599_dzgred","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,549,154 / spent $1,503,961","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00569871","cmteName":"DOING RIGHT - RESULTS ACTION UNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":30000,"totalDisbursements":26931.6,"cashOnHand":3068.38},{"cmteId":"C00569871","cmteName":"DOING RIGHT - RESULTS ACTION UNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":91300,"totalDisbursements":73477.6,"cashOnHand":20890.78},{"cmteId":"C00569871","cmteName":"DOING RIGHT - RESULTS ACTION UNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":141650,"totalDisbursements":153071.8,"cashOnHand":9469.03},{"cmteId":"C00569871","cmteName":"DOING RIGHT - RESULTS ACTION UNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":169099,"totalDisbursements":167288.8,"cashOnHand":11279.21},{"cmteId":"C00569871","cmteName":"DOING RIGHT - RESULTS ACTION UNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":191500,"totalDisbursements":191382.8,"cashOnHand":11396.45}],"totalRaised":1549154.1,"totalSpent":1503961.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000599_t9lcuc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,059 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 14.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $102,059 across 104 contributions — 14.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,098.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502575","date":"2016-03-31","amount":102059,"count":104,"baseline":7098,"ratio":14.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502575/"]},{"id":"P15_R000599_r34ewr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,015 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $101,015 across 113 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,882.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502575","date":"2017-03-31","amount":101015,"count":113,"baseline":6882,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502575/"]},{"id":"P15_R000599_er2c8m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,300 donation spike on 2013-12-27 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-27 this committee recorded $70,300 across 38 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,369.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502575","date":"2013-12-27","amount":70300,"count":38,"baseline":6369,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502575/"]},{"id":"P15_R000599_r32hy7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,910 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $56,910 across 102 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,355.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502575","date":"2017-06-30","amount":56910,"count":102,"baseline":5355,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502575/"]},{"id":"P15_R000599_ceq4oq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,924 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $51,924 across 143 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,062.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502575","date":"2018-03-31","amount":51924,"count":143,"baseline":5062,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502575/"]},{"id":"P25_R000599_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"78% of PAC dollars ($149,793,423,996) come from Party industry","explanation":"Raul Ruiz receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":149793423996.19412,"share":78.5,"totalPAC":190884934374.97836,"pacCount":100},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":149793423996.19412,"share":78.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":31587296436.27413,"share":16.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":4949295908.589998,"share":2.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":3176834328.3700013,"share":1.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000599","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"Raul Ruiz has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_R000599_AAPL_20170705","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2017-Q3 while APPLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Raul Ruiz executed a sell in AAPL during 2017-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE, INC., APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-05","quarter":"2017-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE, INC.","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000599_V_20170705","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of V in 2017-Q3 while VISA INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Raul Ruiz executed a sell in V during 2017-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (VISA INC, VISA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-05","quarter":"2017-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q3","matchedClients":["VISA INC","VISA, INC.","VISA, INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000599_MSFT_20170705","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2017-Q3 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Raul Ruiz executed a sell in MSFT during 2017-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-05","quarter":"2017-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP.","MICROSOFT"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P47_R000599_American_Petroleum_Institute_117867","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Petroleum Institute testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $26,583,119.32 donor","explanation":"Raul Ruiz sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-02-05 held a hearing titled \"“Powering America’s Future: Unleashing American Energy”\". The witness Ms. Amanda Eversole (American Petroleum Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $26,583,119.32 in contributions across 25 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"117867","title":"“Powering America’s Future: Unleashing American Energy”","date":"2025-02-05T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amanda Eversole","witnessOrg":"American Petroleum Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117867"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE","total":26583119.32,"count":25,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PETROLEUM%20INSTITUTE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117867","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PETROLEUM%20INSTITUTE"]},{"id":"P47_R000599_Environmental_Defense_Fund_117835","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Environmental Defense Fund testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $26,533,854 donor","explanation":"Raul Ruiz sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2025-01-22 held a hearing titled \"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”\". The witness Dr. Maria Doa (Environmental Defense Fund) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $26,533,854 in contributions across 17 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"117835","title":"“A Decade Later: Assessing the Legacy and Impact of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.”","date":"2025-01-22T15:30:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Maria Doa","witnessOrg":"Environmental Defense Fund","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835"},{"source":"donor","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","total":26533854,"count":17,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENVIRONMENTAL%20DEFENSE%20ACTION%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117835","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENVIRONMENTAL%20DEFENSE%20ACTION%20FUND"]},{"id":"P58_R000599","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$64K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 41% from UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXP","explanation":"Raul Ruiz received $64,004.83 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC ($26,412.46 = 41%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":64004.829999999994,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":29460.940000000006,"2014":33334.04,"2016":656.17,"2018":553.6800000000001,"2022":478.56999999999994},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005822","name":"UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC","support":26412.46,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005822/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":14671.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":11992,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":3079.7599999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002118/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":2278.4399999999996,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005822/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_R000599","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $2,169,579,537.61","explanation":"Raul Ruiz received campaign contributions totaling $2,169,579,537.61 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 12 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($345,493,471.17); AMALGAMATED BANK ($213,109,810.2); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($169,500,002.62); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($121,334,484.92); LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC. ($117,218,016.17).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":2169579537.6100006,"exactMatches":12,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":345493471.1700001,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":213109810.20000002,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":169500002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":121334484.92000009,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","ldaClient":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","donorTotal":117218016.17,"exact":true}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_R000599","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $102,059 on 2016-03-31 (14.4× normal)","explanation":"Raul Ruiz's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $102,059 on 2016-03-31 — 14.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":382208,"maxRatio":14.7,"maxAmount":102059},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-03-31","amount":102059,"ratio":14.4,"baselineDaily":7098,"count":104,"cmteId":"C00502575","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00502575&min_date=2016-03-31&max_date=2016-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-03-31","amount":101015,"ratio":14.7,"baselineDaily":6882,"count":113,"cmteId":"C00502575","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00502575&min_date=2017-03-31&max_date=2017-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-12-27","amount":70300,"ratio":11,"baselineDaily":6369,"count":38,"cmteId":"C00502575","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00502575&min_date=2013-12-27&max_date=2013-12-27"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-06-30","amount":56910,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":5355,"count":102,"cmteId":"C00502575","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00502575&min_date=2017-06-30&max_date=2017-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-03-31","amount":51924,"ratio":10.3,"baselineDaily":5062,"count":143,"cmteId":"C00502575","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00502575&min_date=2018-03-31&max_date=2018-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502575/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00502575&min_date=2016-03-31&max_date=2016-03-31"]},{"id":"P78_R000599","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 27 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Raul Ruiz appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 27 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: committee pac conflict (9); daily donation spike (5); lobbying timeline trade (3); hearing witness donor (2); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":27,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":9},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000599","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_R000599","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raul Ruiz named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.4M total receipts) — top: RUIZ 2012 VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Raul Ruiz appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: RUIZ 2012 VICTORY FUND (C00525402, $1.4M receipts, treasurer GREG RODRIGUEZ). Active years: 8, first seen 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.35,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00525402","name":"RUIZ 2012 VICTORY FUND","receipts":1354724,"treasurer":"GREG RODRIGUEZ","activeYears":8,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00525402/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00525402/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00525402/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_R000599","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raul Ruiz draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.7M PAC / $41.6M total)","explanation":"Raul Ruiz's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.7M of $41.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.6,"pacSharePct":37.7,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2CA36439"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA36439/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_R000599","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raul Ruiz's PAC funding concentrates 99% in Technology ($31187.94M / $31572.96M classified)","explanation":"Raul Ruiz's PAC donors concentrate 99% in the Technology industry — $31187.94M of $31572.96M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $31187.94M · Finance $359.29M · Labor $25.73M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":31187.94,"totalPacAmountM":31572.96,"concentrationPct":98.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":31187.94,"Finance":359.29,"Labor":25.73}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_R000599","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raul Ruiz triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Raul Ruiz accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"C001101":[{"id":"P2_C001101_n04nbi","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMALGAMATED BANK gave $187,875,664 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $187,875,664 from AMALGAMATED BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":187875664.47,"count":163,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001101","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Clark","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/katherine-clark"]},{"id":"P2_C001101_pa1wvo","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT gave $85,900,000 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $85,900,000 from AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","total":85900000,"count":5,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001101","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Clark","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/katherine-clark"]},{"id":"P2_C001101_6b776v","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. gave $60,215,388 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $60,215,388 from CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A.","total":60215387.81,"count":15,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001101","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Clark","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/katherine-clark"]},{"id":"P2_C001101_ik9eui","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. gave $56,086,039 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $56,086,039 from BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.","total":56086038.89,"count":12,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001101","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Clark","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/katherine-clark"]},{"id":"P2_C001101_3ueq2c","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK gave $47,850,035 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $47,850,035 from CHAIN BRIDGE BANK, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK","total":47850035.01000002,"count":100,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001101","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Clark","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/katherine-clark"]},{"id":"P2_C001101_zgzmcf","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK NA gave $41,740,092 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $41,740,092 from CHAIN BRIDGE BANK NA, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK NA","total":41740092.269999996,"count":21,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001101","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Clark","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/katherine-clark"]},{"id":"P2_C001101_5c765z","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BANK OF AMERICA gave $21,311,163 — member sits on Finance-regulating committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark serves on committees regulating Finance (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $21,311,163 from BANK OF AMERICA, a Finance PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"BANK OF AMERICA","total":21311162.75,"count":50,"industry":"Finance"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001101","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Clark","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/katherine-clark"]},{"id":"P2_C001101_cmxwrp","pattern_type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GREATER NEW YORK HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION MA gave $19,500,000 — member sits on Healthcare-regulating committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark serves on committees regulating Healthcare (Finance, Healthcare, Defense) and received $19,500,000 from GREATER NEW YORK HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION, a Healthcare PAC.","evidence":[{"source":"pac","name":"GREATER NEW YORK HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION","total":19500000,"count":19,"industry":"Healthcare"},{"source":"committee","names":["Appropriations","Appropriations","Appropriations"],"inferredIndustries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://clerk.house.gov/members/c001101","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Clark","https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/katherine-clark"]},{"id":"P4_C001101_Energy","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy trades filed 120d late on avg — overall avg only 109d","explanation":"In Energy (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 120.0 days — versus 109.0 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":39,"avgGap":120},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":328,"avgGap":109},{"source":"pac","sector":"Energy","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_C001101_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 125d late on avg — overall avg only 109d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 124.6 days — versus 109.0 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":45,"avgGap":125},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":328,"avgGap":109},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_C001101_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$302,104 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WOMEN VOTE!","explanation":"WOMEN VOTE! spent $302,104 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"WOMEN VOTE!","support":302103.83999999997,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P9_C001101_qzsjq1","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,024 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $63,024 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":63023.65000000001,"oppose":0,"net":63023.65000000001,"events":26,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":19653,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":16614,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6688.48,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA","support":6057.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004908","name":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN","support":2935.17,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001101_y8hgkg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $7,104,187 / spent $6,525,311","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00574970","cmteName":"FAIR SHOT PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":92000,"totalDisbursements":71033,"cashOnHand":20966.97},{"cmteId":"C00574970","cmteName":"FAIR SHOT PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":163400,"totalDisbursements":178509.2,"cashOnHand":5857.74},{"cmteId":"C00574970","cmteName":"FAIR SHOT PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":558262.4,"totalDisbursements":498546.4,"cashOnHand":65573.8},{"cmteId":"C00574970","cmteName":"FAIR SHOT PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":1633932.7,"totalDisbursements":1610432.2,"cashOnHand":89074.33},{"cmteId":"C00574970","cmteName":"FAIR SHOT PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":3214306.6,"totalDisbursements":2610681.6,"cashOnHand":692699.33}],"totalRaised":7104187.1,"totalSpent":6525310.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001101_d0eybu","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $10,459,485 in itemized individual contributions, $6,611,446 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":10459485,"buckets":{"$200 and under":225768,"$200.01-$499":434428,"$500-$999":1078249,"$1000-$1999":2109594,"$2000 and over":6611446},"megaShare":63.2,"smallDonorShare":2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001101_z8za5p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,765 donation spike on 2024-09-17 — 15.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-17 this committee recorded $93,765 across 49 contributions — 15.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,906.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541888","date":"2024-09-17","amount":93765,"count":49,"baseline":5906,"ratio":15.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541888/"]},{"id":"P15_C001101_891h3q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,500 donation spike on 2013-09-25 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-25 this committee recorded $55,500 across 72 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,322.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541888","date":"2013-09-25","amount":55500,"count":72,"baseline":7322,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541888/"]},{"id":"P15_C001101_gx1f2l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$197,400 donation spike on 2023-03-29 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-29 this committee recorded $197,400 across 31 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,348.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574970","date":"2023-03-29","amount":197400,"count":31,"baseline":18348,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574970/"]},{"id":"P15_C001101_gx1f1o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$192,900 donation spike on 2023-03-17 — 17.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-17 this committee recorded $192,900 across 31 contributions — 17.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,297.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574970","date":"2023-03-17","amount":192900,"count":31,"baseline":11297,"ratio":17.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574970/"]},{"id":"P15_C001101_vli96u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,705 donation spike on 2024-07-03 — 16.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-07-03 this committee recorded $87,705 across 21 contributions — 16.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,186.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574970","date":"2024-07-03","amount":87705,"count":21,"baseline":5186,"ratio":16.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574970/"]},{"id":"P15_C001101_vlfp9q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,700 donation spike on 2024-03-18 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-18 this committee recorded $67,700 across 12 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,998.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574970","date":"2024-03-18","amount":67700,"count":12,"baseline":6998,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574970/"]},{"id":"P15_C001101_a2x28g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,500 donation spike on 2026-01-16 — 14.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2026-01-16 this committee recorded $65,500 across 11 contributions — 14.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,639.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574970","date":"2026-01-16","amount":65500,"count":11,"baseline":4639,"ratio":14.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574970/"]},{"id":"P15_C001101_or8sj5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,000 donation spike on 2025-05-09 — 16× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-05-09 this committee recorded $56,000 across 8 contributions — 16× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,499.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574970","date":"2025-05-09","amount":56000,"count":8,"baseline":3499,"ratio":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574970/"]},{"id":"P17_C001101_TSM_2021-02-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TSM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-02-03 and 2021-02-08, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TSM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2021-02-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TSM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"}],"span":"2021-02-03 to 2021-02-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001101_QCOM_2014-11-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-11-06 and 2014-11-13, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2014-11-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2014-11-06 to 2014-11-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001101_QCOM_2014-11-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-11-06 and 2014-11-13, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2014-11-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2014-11-06 to 2014-11-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001101_EMR_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2020-04-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001101_WBD_2022-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-08 and 2022-04-12, 5 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-08 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001101_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katherine Clark executed 27 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Designation of Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-08-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Designation of Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-08-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001101_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katherine Clark executed 5 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2021-06-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2020-11-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","date":"2020-03-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-08-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Commencement Bay, Tacoma, WA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2021-05-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001101_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katherine Clark executed 13 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2021-06-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Virginia Peninsula Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2021-08-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Virginia Peninsula Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2021-08-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001101_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katherine Clark executed 6 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2021-07-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LGND","date":"2020-10-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2020-10-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Butterfly Pea Flower Extract","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2021-09-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program: Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment and Ambulatory Surgical Center Payment Systems and Quality Rep","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-06-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001101_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katherine Clark executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Compliance With Court Orders by Personnel and Command Sponsored Family Members","agency":"Defense Department, Army Department","date":"2020-10-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001101_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katherine Clark executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2020-01-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2020 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_C001101_h23snq","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 7 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Katherine Clark sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 7 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2021-09-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2818221.0700000003,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IRM","date":"2021-07-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":162916.71,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2020-01-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2015-11-19","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_C001101_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 132d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (17 buys vs 15 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":32,"avgGap":132,"buys":17,"sells":15},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":328,"avgGap":109}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_C001101_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of PAC dollars ($16,004,711,769) come from Party industry","explanation":"Katherine Clark receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":16004711769.283215,"share":69,"totalPAC":23196422632.683205,"pacCount":100},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":16004711769.283215,"share":69},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":2754346916.9500012,"share":11.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":1783725269.4699779,"share":7.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":1615447021.2299998,"share":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_C001101","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"62% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 9.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 488 disclosed trades, 304 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 9.7× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":304,"total":488,"rate":62.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":9.67}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_C001101","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Katherine Clark sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense and actively trades in Finance, Healthcare, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":45},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":15},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001101","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"Katherine Clark has findings in 14 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":14,"totalFindings":38,"highSeverityCount":20,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_C001101_INTC_20190215","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in INTC 21 days before SEC action","explanation":"Katherine Clark sold INTC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2019-02-15","title":"Inteligentry, Ltd., PlasmERG, Inc., PTP Licensing, Ltd. and John P. Rohner","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24401"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-25","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24401"]},{"id":"P37_C001101_AAPL_20150428","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2015-Q2 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Katherine Clark executed a buy in AAPL during 2015-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-04-28","quarter":"2015-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q2","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE, INC.","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P38_C001101_Technology_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology PACs gave $29K in 2022 — 15.6× baseline — after 12-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Katherine Clark executed 12 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $29,165 — 15.6× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,875/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":12},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Technology","amount":29165,"baseline":1875,"ratio":"15.6"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_C001101_Healthcare_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $34K in 2022 — 1.5× baseline — after 6-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Katherine Clark executed 6 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $34,175 — 1.5× the member's all-cycle baseline of $22,775/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":6},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":34175,"baseline":22775,"ratio":"1.5"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_C001101_Finance_2020","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance PACs gave $73K in 2022 — 4.9× baseline — after 6-trade concentration in 2020","explanation":"Katherine Clark executed 6 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2020 cycle. In the following cycle (2022), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $72,900 — 4.9× the member's all-cycle baseline of $14,875/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2020","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":6},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2022,"sector":"Finance","amount":72900,"baseline":14875,"ratio":"4.9"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_C001101_Finance_2022","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance PACs gave $87K in 2024 — 3.5× baseline — after 5-trade concentration in 2022","explanation":"Katherine Clark executed 5 trades in Finance-sector stocks during the 2022 cycle. In the following cycle (2024), PACs from the Finance industry contributed $86,750 — 3.5× the member's all-cycle baseline of $24,725/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2022","sector":"Finance","tradeCount":5},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2024,"sector":"Finance","amount":86750,"baseline":24725,"ratio":"3.5"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_C001101_Technology_2022","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology PACs gave $34K in 2024 — 3.7× baseline — after 7-trade concentration in 2022","explanation":"Katherine Clark executed 7 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2022 cycle. In the following cycle (2024), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $34,250 — 3.7× the member's all-cycle baseline of $9,166/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2022","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":7},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2024,"sector":"Technology","amount":34250,"baseline":9166,"ratio":"3.7"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001101_EW_20210916","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $EW 1 day after a corporate insider (EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)","filingDate":"2021-09-15","adsh":"0000899243-21-036056","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_SBUX_20201105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SBUX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $SBUX 1 day after a corporate insider (ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)","filingDate":"2020-11-04","adsh":"0001127602-20-028200","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_MOS_20200403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MOS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $MOS 1 day after a corporate insider (PRATT BENJAMIN JAMES  (CIK 0001808039)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MOS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MOS","filer":"PRATT BENJAMIN JAMES  (CIK 0001808039)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001243786-20-000042","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_XYL_20201105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $XYL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $XYL 1 day after a corporate insider (Rowland Sandra E.  (CIK 0001629360)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XYL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XYL","filer":"Rowland Sandra E.  (CIK 0001629360)","filingDate":"2020-11-04","adsh":"0001209191-20-056833","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_BMY_20200403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BMY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $BMY 1 day after a corporate insider (Haller Julia A  (CIK 0001656082)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BMY","filer":"Haller Julia A  (CIK 0001656082)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0000014272-20-000146","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_HOLX_20201105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HOLX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $HOLX 1 day after a corporate insider (Daugherty Sean S.  (CIK 0001823510)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOLX","filer":"Daugherty Sean S.  (CIK 0001823510)","filingDate":"2020-11-04","adsh":"0001127602-20-028171","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_ORAN_20210727","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORAN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $ORAN 1 day after a corporate insider (HALLERAN ARTHUR  (CIK 0001533178)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORAN","filer":"HALLERAN ARTHUR  (CIK 0001533178)","filingDate":"2021-07-26","adsh":"0001493152-21-017726","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_PG_20250917","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $PG 2 days after a corporate insider (Partners Group Private Equity (Master Fund), LLC  (CIK 0001447247)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Partners Group Private Equity (Master Fund), LLC  (CIK 0001447247)","filingDate":"2025-09-15","adsh":"0001193125-25-203741","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_JPM_20201105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JPM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $JPM 2 days after a corporate insider (Sommadossi Jean-Pierre  (CIK 0001296995)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"Sommadossi Jean-Pierre  (CIK 0001296995)","filingDate":"2020-11-03","adsh":"0000899243-20-030329","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_BBY_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BBY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $BBY 2 days after a corporate insider (MOHAN RAJENDRA M  (CIK 0001253507)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BBY","filer":"MOHAN RAJENDRA M  (CIK 0001253507)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001225208-21-008825","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_UBS_20210916","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UBS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $UBS 3 days after a corporate insider (GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBS","filer":"GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)","filingDate":"2021-09-13","adsh":"0001209191-21-055745","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001101_HAS_20200302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HAS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $HAS 5 days after a corporate insider (RODGERS THURMAN J  (CIK 0001183967)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HAS","filer":"RODGERS THURMAN J  (CIK 0001183967)","filingDate":"2020-02-26","adsh":"0001463101-20-000026","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_EW_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $EW 1 day before a corporate insider (EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EW","filer":"EW HEALTHCARE PARTNERS FUND 2-A, L.P.  (CIK 0001746779)","filingDate":"2021-09-17","adsh":"0000899243-21-036434"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_SBUX_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SBUX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $SBUX 1 day before a corporate insider (Lis Angela  (CIK 0001831515)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Lis Angela  (CIK 0001831515)","filingDate":"2021-09-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-025546"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_HON_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HON 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $HON 1 day before a corporate insider (Hon Hsiao-Wuen  (CIK 0001715983)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Hon Hsiao-Wuen  (CIK 0001715983)","filingDate":"2021-09-17","adsh":"0001280263-21-000101"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_HOLX_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HOLX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $HOLX 1 day before a corporate insider (Stamoulis Christiana  (CIK 0001502917)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HOLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HOLX","filer":"Stamoulis Christiana  (CIK 0001502917)","filingDate":"2020-11-06","adsh":"0001127602-20-028361"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_SKX_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SKX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $SKX 1 day before a corporate insider (GREENBERG FAMILY TRUST  (CIK 0001250502)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SKX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SKX","filer":"GREENBERG FAMILY TRUST  (CIK 0001250502)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-015259"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_ORAN_20210727","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ORAN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $ORAN 2 days before a corporate insider (HALLERAN ARTHUR  (CIK 0001533178)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORAN","filer":"HALLERAN ARTHUR  (CIK 0001533178)","filingDate":"2021-07-29","adsh":"0001493152-21-018022"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_WBD_20220408","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WBD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $WBD 3 days before a corporate insider (Alpert-Romm Adria  (CIK 0001444236)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Alpert-Romm Adria  (CIK 0001444236)","filingDate":"2022-04-11","adsh":"0001437107-22-000079"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_V_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $V 4 days before a corporate insider (Flynn Timothy John  (CIK 0001316551)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Flynn Timothy John  (CIK 0001316551)","filingDate":"2020-11-09","adsh":"0001209191-20-057530"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_ORCL_20201022","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $ORCL 4 days before a corporate insider (Screven Edward  (CIK 0001723056)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Screven Edward  (CIK 0001723056)","filingDate":"2020-10-26","adsh":"0001127602-20-027498"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_BBY_20210604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BBY 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $BBY 4 days before a corporate insider (Watson Mathew  (CIK 0001639859)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BBY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BBY","filer":"Watson Mathew  (CIK 0001639859)","filingDate":"2021-06-08","adsh":"0001225208-21-009086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_XYL_20210604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $XYL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $XYL 4 days before a corporate insider (Flinton David  (CIK 0001654800)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XYL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XYL","filer":"Flinton David  (CIK 0001654800)","filingDate":"2021-06-08","adsh":"0001209191-21-038864"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_UBS_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UBS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $UBS 4 days before a corporate insider (GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBS","filer":"GADICKE ANSBERT  (CIK 0001134655)","filingDate":"2021-09-20","adsh":"0001209191-21-056948"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_MA_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $MA 5 days before a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2021-09-21","adsh":"0001140361-21-032007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_COST_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COST 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $COST 5 days before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-11-10","adsh":"0001567619-20-019109"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_CLNE_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CLNE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $CLNE 5 days before a corporate insider (Pratt Mitchell W  (CIK 0001400258)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLNE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLNE","filer":"Pratt Mitchell W  (CIK 0001400258)","filingDate":"2021-09-21","adsh":"0001179110-21-008874"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_PEP_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PEP 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $PEP 6 days before a corporate insider (Dominguez Michael J  (CIK 0001320307)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"Dominguez Michael J  (CIK 0001320307)","filingDate":"2021-09-22","adsh":"0001140361-21-032113"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_V_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $V 7 days before a corporate insider (Accel Growth Fund IV L.P.  (CIK 0001665743)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Accel Growth Fund IV L.P.  (CIK 0001665743)","filingDate":"2021-09-23","adsh":"0001562180-21-006076"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_MOS_20201022","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MOS 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $MOS 7 days before a corporate insider (Serruya Michael  (CIK 0001401800)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MOS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MOS","filer":"Serruya Michael  (CIK 0001401800)","filingDate":"2020-10-29","adsh":"0001104659-20-119460"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_BLK_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BLK 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark buy $BLK 7 days before a corporate insider (Arikeri Pathikonda Sivakumar  (CIK 0001818871)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Arikeri Pathikonda Sivakumar  (CIK 0001818871)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001062993-20-005552"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_RBA_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RBA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $RBA 7 days before a corporate insider (Shenkan Amy Guggenheim  (CIK 0001710815)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RBA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RBA","filer":"Shenkan Amy Guggenheim  (CIK 0001710815)","filingDate":"2020-03-09","adsh":"0001209191-20-017484"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_HAS_20200302","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HAS 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $HAS 8 days before a corporate insider (CHUNG PETER Y  (CIK 0001239366)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HAS","filer":"CHUNG PETER Y  (CIK 0001239366)","filingDate":"2020-03-10","adsh":"0001179110-20-003415"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_KMB_20201022","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KMB 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $KMB 8 days before a corporate insider (DECHERD ROBERT W  (CIK 0000903649)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMB","filer":"DECHERD ROBERT W  (CIK 0000903649)","filingDate":"2020-10-30","adsh":"0001225208-20-012817"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_STT_20210208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $STT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $STT 9 days before a corporate insider (Maiuri Louis D  (CIK 0001676784)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"Maiuri Louis D  (CIK 0001676784)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0000093751-21-000468"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001101_HD_20210208","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katherine Clark sell $HD 10 days before a corporate insider (Doyle Jonathan J  (CIK 0001796882)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Doyle Jonathan J  (CIK 0001796882)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001230245-21-000020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_C001101_2015-10-23_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MMM 26 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Katherine Clark delivered a 270-word floor speech on 2015-10-23 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, here we go again. We are back here using valuable legislative time to make a doomed attempt to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Next week the highway bill will ex- pire. The week after tha…\"). The member sell $MMM (a Industrials-sector stock) 26 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-10-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":270,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, here we go again. We are back here using valuable legislative time to make a doomed attempt to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Next week the highway bill will ex- pire. The week after tha","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/10/23/CREC-2015-10-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-11-19"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMM","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-11-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/10/23/CREC-2015-10-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_C001101","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$63K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 31% from COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","explanation":"Katherine Clark received $63,023.65 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION ($19,653 = 31%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":63023.65000000001,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":52499.49,"2012":5170.42,"2014":2616.1,"2018":913.16,"2022":6688.48},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":19653,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":16614,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6688.48,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA","support":6057.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000666/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004908","name":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN","support":2935.17,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004908/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_C001101","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $1,677,842,505.13","explanation":"Katherine Clark received campaign contributions totaling $1,677,842,505.13 from 31 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 10 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($333,224,920.36); AMALGAMATED BANK ($187,875,664.47); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($167,000,002.62); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($85,900,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($80,780,241.64).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":31,"totalDollars":1677842505.1299999,"exactMatches":10,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":333224920.36,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":187875664.47,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":167000002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":85900000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":80780241.64,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001101","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $93,765 on 2024-09-17 (15.9× normal)","explanation":"Katherine Clark's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $93,765 on 2024-09-17 — 15.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":93765,"maxRatio":15.9,"maxAmount":93765},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-09-17","amount":93765,"ratio":15.9,"baselineDaily":5906,"count":49,"cmteId":"C00541888","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00541888&min_date=2024-09-17&max_date=2024-09-17"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541888/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00541888&min_date=2024-09-17&max_date=2024-09-17"]},{"id":"P65_C001101_2020-11-05","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"42 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-11-05 — 39 unique tickers","explanation":"Katherine Clark executed 42 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-11-05 to 2020-11-10), spanning 39 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-11-05","windowEnd":"2020-11-10","tradeCount":42,"uniqueTickers":39,"totalDisclosedTrades":488,"sampleTickers":["SBUX","MA","IRM","INTC","NGG","AAPL","INVH","HOLX","ABT","SKX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001101","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 25 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 87 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Katherine Clark appears in 25 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 87 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 25 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (24); insider followed trade (12); committee pac conflict (8); daily donation spike (8); reg rule trade proximity (6).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":25,"totalFindings":87,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":24},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P2_COMMITTEE_PAC_CONFLICT","count":8},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":5},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001101","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_C001101","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katherine Clark named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($6.4M total receipts) — top: KATHERINE CLARK VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Katherine Clark appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $6.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: KATHERINE CLARK VICTORY FUND (C00831917, $4.0M receipts, treasurer ZAMORE, JUDITH). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":6.4,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00831917","name":"KATHERINE CLARK VICTORY FUND","receipts":3979225.01,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831917/"},{"committeeId":"C00831669","name":"KATHERINE CLARK MAJORITY FUND","receipts":2415813,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831669/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831917/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00831917/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_C001101","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katherine Clark draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.7M PAC / $34.9M total)","explanation":"Katherine Clark's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.7M of $34.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.94,"pacSharePct":42.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4MA05084"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MA05084/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_C001101","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katherine Clark executed 27 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL HD (19d apart)","explanation":"Katherine Clark has 27 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL HD 2014-09-26 → 2014-10-15 (19d) · SELL→BUY CCEP 2020-10-22 → 2020-11-05 (14d) · SELL→BUY INTC 2014-10-15 → 2014-10-28 (13d) · SELL→BUY INTC 2020-10-22 → 2020-11-05 (14d) · SELL→BUY ORCL 2020-10-22 → 2020-11-05 (14d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":27,"samples":[{"ticker":"HD","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-09-26","date2":"2014-10-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CCEP","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-10-22","date2":"2020-11-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","days":13,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-10-15","date2":"2014-10-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-10-22","date2":"2020-11-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ORCL","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-10-22","date2":"2020-11-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UBS","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-10-22","date2":"2020-11-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SPG","days":21,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-09-18","date2":"2014-10-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GSK","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-10-22","date2":"2020-11-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_C001101","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katherine Clark's PAC funding concentrates 81% in Technology ($1399.82M / $1726.50M classified)","explanation":"Katherine Clark's PAC donors concentrate 81% in the Technology industry — $1399.82M of $1726.50M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $1399.82M · Finance $298.78M · Real Estate $14.06M · Labor $13.85M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":1399.82,"totalPacAmountM":1726.5,"concentrationPct":81.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":1399.82,"Finance":298.78,"Real Estate":14.06,"Labor":13.85}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_C001101","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katherine Clark triggers 36 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Katherine Clark accumulates 36 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":36,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_C001101","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katherine Clark triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Katherine Clark accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P2","P4","P6","P9","P10","P11","P15","P17","P18","P20","P21","P25","P32","P33","P36","P40","P37","P38","P42","P43","P49","P58","P61","P62","P65","P78","P109","P138","P141","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_C001101","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katherine Clark operates leadership PAC with $7.1M lifetime receipts (6 cycles) — top: FAIR SHOT PAC","explanation":"Katherine Clark operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $7.1M and disbursements of $6.5M across 6 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: FAIR SHOT PAC (C00574970). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":7.1,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.53,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00574970","cmteName":"FAIR SHOT PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574970/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_C001101","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katherine Clark's leadership PAC disbursed $6.5M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Katherine Clark's leadership PAC disbursed $6.5M across 6 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: FAIR SHOT PAC (C00574970).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.53,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00574970","cmteName":"FAIR SHOT PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574970/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P178_C001101_2020-11-05","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katherine Clark — 38 trades on 2020-11-05","explanation":"Katherine Clark disclosed 38 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-11-05). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-11-05","count":38}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001101","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katherine Clark — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (488/488)","explanation":"Katherine Clark's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":488,"atBracket":488,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001101","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katherine Clark — 149 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Katherine Clark has traded 149 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":149,"sample":["PG","NYCB","KO","WBD","TSM","FSLR","SBUX","V","HD","MA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001101_HD","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katherine Clark — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker HD","explanation":"Katherine Clark traded HD on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the HD trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"HD","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001218":[{"id":"P3_M001218_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 67% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 2 times (67%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":2,"yesRate":67},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":2,"sells":1,"netBuy":1,"total":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_M001218_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":5,"sells":1,"netBuy":4,"total":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_M001218_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,315,606 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $1,315,606 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 47 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":1315605.8299999998,"oppose":0,"events":47}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_M001218_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$583,324 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $583,324 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 59 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":583323.7099999998,"oppose":0,"events":59}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_M001218_xt2583","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $11,342,405 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $11,342,405 opposing this member across 334 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":11342405.080000004,"totalSupport":2681852.9099999997,"events":334,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DCCC","oppose":5243853.500000001},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":4618068.760000001},{"name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND)","oppose":603727},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":400000},{"name":"Trailblazer PAC","oppose":341438.19}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001218_4gdx2e","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $434,900 / spent $400,941","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00754572","cmteName":"OLD BREED PAC, INC.","year":"2020","totalReceipts":19004,"totalDisbursements":16552.8,"cashOnHand":2451.17},{"cmteId":"C00819425","cmteName":"OLD BREED PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":73605.8,"totalDisbursements":69167.1,"cashOnHand":4438.71},{"cmteId":"C00754572","cmteName":"OLD BREED PAC, INC.","year":"2022","totalReceipts":1.7,"totalDisbursements":2452.9,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00819425","cmteName":"OLD BREED PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":198754.4,"totalDisbursements":150472.3,"cashOnHand":52720.8},{"cmteId":"C00819425","cmteName":"OLD BREED PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":143534.5,"totalDisbursements":162295.7,"cashOnHand":33959.67}],"totalRaised":434900.4,"totalSpent":400940.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001218_ls3u7r","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $5,592,251 in itemized individual contributions, $3,890,320 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5592251,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-431465,"$200.01-$499":278507,"$500-$999":560017,"$1000-$1999":1294872,"$2000 and over":3890320},"megaShare":69.6,"smallDonorShare":-7.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001218_dsdn61","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,716 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $95,716 across 83 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,248.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706747","date":"2020-09-30","amount":95716,"count":83,"baseline":15248,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706747/"]},{"id":"P15_M001218_vwt4v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,650 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $75,650 across 38 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,858.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706747","date":"2021-03-31","amount":75650,"count":38,"baseline":7858,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706747/"]},{"id":"P15_M001218_dsdn6t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,390 donation spike on 2020-09-23 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-23 this committee recorded $73,390 across 46 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,504.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706747","date":"2020-09-23","amount":73390,"count":46,"baseline":10504,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706747/"]},{"id":"P15_M001218_dsdn7m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,650 donation spike on 2020-09-15 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-15 this committee recorded $60,650 across 71 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,630.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706747","date":"2020-09-15","amount":60650,"count":71,"baseline":6630,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706747/"]},{"id":"P15_M001218_fkb3cw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,798 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $58,798 across 76 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,370.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706747","date":"2022-03-31","amount":58798,"count":76,"baseline":9370,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706747/"]},{"id":"P17_M001218_O_2023-03-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought O within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-14 and 2023-03-15, 3 members (RealEstate sector) took the same direction on O. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"O","date":"2023-03-14","action":"BUY","sector":"RealEstate","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"O","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001218","name":"Rich McCormick"}],"span":"2023-03-14 to 2023-03-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001218_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rich McCormick executed 4 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2026-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-11-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-09-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2023-03-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Aerospace & Defense Oxygen Systems SaS (Part of Safran Aerosystems) (Formerly Known as Air Liq","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2026-02-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Old Port Tampa, Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Manbirtee Key, Seaport Manatee, MacDill Air Force Base, Port of ","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-11-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001218_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rich McCormick executed 13 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2026-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","date":"2025-11-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating and Streamlining the Department of Commerce's Privacy Act Regulations","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updating and Streamlining the Department of Commerce's Privacy Act Regulations","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2026-02-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001218_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rich McCormick executed 3 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2026-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-11-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-03-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revocation of Regulations Regarding the Mutual Recognition of Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practice Reports, Medica","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2026-02-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; CY 2026 Payment Policies Under the Physician Fee Schedule and Other Changes to Part B Pa","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001218_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rich McCormick executed 3 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2026-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-11-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-03-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Glufosinate; Pesticide Tolerances","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of Regulations Limiting Authorizations To Proceed With Construction Activities Pending Rehearing","agency":"Energy Department, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission","date":"2025-10-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001218_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rich McCormick executed 6 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2026-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ICE","date":"2025-11-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-11-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-09-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Investment Company Names Form N-PORT Reporting; Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2026-02-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Imposition of Special Measure Regarding Huione Group, as a Foreign Financial Institution of Primary Money Laundering Con","agency":"Treasury Department, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network","date":"2025-10-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001218_lsrwql","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rich McCormick campaign paid $8,314,372 to 52 surname-matched vendors, top: RINDY MILLER MEDIA","explanation":"Rich McCormick's campaign paid 193 disbursements totaling $8,314,372 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS 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CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","amount":54193.89,"date":"2016-04-08","description":"LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","total":385472.88,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","amount":200000,"date":"2012-05-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","amount":185472.88,"date":"2012-05-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MILLER, CATHERINE K","total":310049.17,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MILLER, CATHERINE 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the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Consumer","count":9,"avgGap":425,"buys":9,"sells":0},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":54,"avgGap":357}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001218_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 476d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (4 buys vs 0 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":4,"avgGap":476,"buys":4,"sells":0},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":54,"avgGap":357}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_M001218_Finance","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"78% of PAC dollars ($767,173) come from Finance industry","explanation":"Rich McCormick receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Finance issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Finance","amount":767172.8799999999,"share":77.7,"totalPAC":987301.4799999999,"pacCount":27},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":767172.8799999999,"share":77.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":43600,"share":4.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":40000,"share":4.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":37500,"share":3.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001218","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"44% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 6.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 75 disclosed trades, 33 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 6.8× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":33,"total":75,"rate":44},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":6.83}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_M001218_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Women Vote! both supported ($150,000) and opposed ($400,000) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Rich McCormick advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":150000,"oppose":400000,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P36_M001218","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Rich McCormick has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":12,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P39_M001218_Science__Space__and_Technology","pattern_type":"P39_COMMITTEE_CHAIR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chair of Science, Space, and Technology — 12% of trades in Technology/Telecom stocks","explanation":"Rich McCormick serves as Chair on Science, Space, and Technology, which oversees technology and telecom policy. 9 of their 75 tracked trades are in the sector they regulate (12%). Chairs and ranking members control agenda-setting, markup scheduling, and witness selection — a concentrated portfolio in the same sector is a textbook position-conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"committee_role","committee":"Science, Space, and Technology","chamber":"house","role":"Chair","sector":"Technology/Telecom"},{"source":"portfolio","totalTrades":75,"sectorTrades":9,"concentrationPct":12,"topTickers":[{"ticker":"MSFT","count":4},{"ticker":"ADI","count":3},{"ticker":"AAPL","count":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001218_AMT_20230315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $AMT 1 day after a corporate insider (Lieblein Grace  (CIK 0001564342)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"Lieblein Grace  (CIK 0001564342)","filingDate":"2023-03-14","adsh":"0001053507-23-000085","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_V_20251105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $V 1 day after a corporate insider (AH Parallel Fund V-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001675234)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"AH Parallel Fund V-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001675234)","filingDate":"2025-11-04","adsh":"0001231919-25-000428","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_ADI_20260319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick sell $ADI 1 day after a corporate insider (Sondel Michael  (CIK 0001768266)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"Sondel Michael  (CIK 0001768266)","filingDate":"2026-03-18","adsh":"0000006281-26-000027","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_NEE_20260319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick sell $NEE 1 day after a corporate insider (Gough William John  (CIK 0002070993)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"Gough William John  (CIK 0002070993)","filingDate":"2026-03-18","adsh":"0002070993-26-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_AAPL_20230315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $AAPL 1 day after a corporate insider (GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)","filingDate":"2023-03-14","adsh":"0000320193-23-000032","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_WMT_20230315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $WMT 2 days after a corporate insider (McKenna Judith J  (CIK 0001729667)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"McKenna Judith J  (CIK 0001729667)","filingDate":"2023-03-13","adsh":"0001127602-23-009909","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_MSFT_20260319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $MSFT 3 days after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2026-03-16","adsh":"0000789019-26-000066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_MSFT_20250918","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick sell $MSFT 3 days after a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2025-09-15","adsh":"0000789019-25-000045","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_UNH_20250918","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNH 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick sell $UNH 3 days after a corporate insider (Baker Charles D.  (CIK 0001554088)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"Baker Charles D.  (CIK 0001554088)","filingDate":"2025-09-15","adsh":"0000731766-25-000249","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_ADI_20230315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ADI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $ADI 5 days after a corporate insider (Gall Matthew  (CIK 0001816194)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"Gall Matthew  (CIK 0001816194)","filingDate":"2023-03-10","adsh":"0001209191-23-018015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001218_NEE_20230315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NEE 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $NEE 5 days after a corporate insider (SCHUPP RUDY E  (CIK 0001246310)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"SCHUPP RUDY E  (CIK 0001246310)","filingDate":"2023-03-10","adsh":"0001062993-23-006491","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_EMR_20251105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EMR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $EMR 1 day before a corporate insider (Tang Michael  (CIK 0001663020)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EMR","filer":"Tang Michael  (CIK 0001663020)","filingDate":"2025-11-06","adsh":"0001663020-25-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_ITW_20251105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ITW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $ITW 2 days before a corporate insider (STROBEL PAMELA B  (CIK 0001184023)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ITW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ITW","filer":"STROBEL PAMELA B  (CIK 0001184023)","filingDate":"2025-11-07","adsh":"0001184023-25-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_WMT_20230315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WMT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $WMT 2 days before a corporate insider (STEPHENSON RANDALL L  (CIK 0001183428)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"STEPHENSON RANDALL L  (CIK 0001183428)","filingDate":"2023-03-17","adsh":"0001127602-23-010724"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_UNH_20250918","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick sell $UNH 7 days before a corporate insider (MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)","filingDate":"2025-09-25","adsh":"0000731766-25-000273"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_AAPL_20251105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $AAPL 7 days before a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0001631982-25-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_UNH_20230315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $UNH 8 days before a corporate insider (WITTY ANDREW  (CIK 0001711304)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"WITTY ANDREW  (CIK 0001711304)","filingDate":"2023-03-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-020806"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_COST_20230315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $COST 8 days before a corporate insider (Daunt John  (CIK 0001774667)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"Daunt John  (CIK 0001774667)","filingDate":"2023-03-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-020729"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_ADP_20251105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADP 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $ADP 9 days before a corporate insider (Haynesworth Linnie M  (CIK 0001790292)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADP","filer":"Haynesworth Linnie M  (CIK 0001790292)","filingDate":"2025-11-14","adsh":"0001225208-25-009207"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_LHX_20251105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LHX 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $LHX 9 days before a corporate insider (ZOISS EDWARD J  (CIK 0001647940)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"ZOISS EDWARD J  (CIK 0001647940)","filingDate":"2025-11-14","adsh":"0001647940-25-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001218_AAPL_20230315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rich McCormick buy $AAPL 9 days before a corporate insider (WILLIAMS JEFFREY E  (CIK 0001496686)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"WILLIAMS JEFFREY E  (CIK 0001496686)","filingDate":"2023-03-24","adsh":"0000320193-23-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P45_M001218","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"15% of stock trades (11 of 75) in major federal contractors — top: BLK ($17B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Rich McCormick concentrated 15% of their stock-trading activity (11 of 75 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $102B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BLK","totalContracts":16614570957.05,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NEE","totalContracts":13945196501.249996,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":3},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"MCD","totalContracts":20990522135.58,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"COST","totalContracts":50204183515.10999,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":2},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":11,"totalStockTrades":75,"concentrationPct":15,"distinctContractors":4,"topExposure":101754473108.98999}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_119109","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LHX 8 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation, which on 2026-03-26 held a hearing titled \"Information Technology Posture of the Department of Defense\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","eventId":"119109","title":"Information Technology Posture of the Department of Defense","date":"2026-03-26T19:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119109"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119109","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_119100","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MSFT 8 days before a Technology hearing in House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Environment","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2026-03-26 held a hearing titled \"Beneath the Waves: The Science and Technology of Deep-Sea Mining\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"119100","title":"Beneath the Waves: The Science and Technology of Deep-Sea Mining","date":"2026-03-26T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119100"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119100","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_119112","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LHX 7 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel, which on 2026-03-25 held a hearing titled \"The Military Health System (MHS) Restructure: Changes at Military Treatment Facilities (MTFs) and the Effects on Military Readiness and Bene…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 7 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel","eventId":"119112","title":"The Military Health System (MHS) Restructure: Changes at Military Treatment Facilities (MTFs) and the Effects on Military Readiness and Beneficiary Access.","date":"2026-03-25T19:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119112"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119112","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_119071","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LHX on the same day as a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in Europe\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"119071","title":"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in Europe","date":"2026-03-18T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119071"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119071","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_119062","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LHX 1 day after a Defense hearing in House Foreign Affairs","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Foreign Affairs, which on 2026-03-17 held a hearing titled \"Reforming America’s Defense Sales\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Foreign Affairs","eventId":"119062","title":"Reforming America’s Defense Sales","date":"2026-03-17T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119062"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119062","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_119050","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LHX 1 day after a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services, which on 2026-03-17 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"119050","title":"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America","date":"2026-03-17T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119050"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119050","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_119021","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LHX 13 days after a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Defense Strategy and Posture\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"119021","title":"U.S. Defense Strategy and Posture","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119021"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119021","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_338088","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LHX 8 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2026-03-26 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the posture of the United States Space Command and United States Strategic Command in review of the Defense Authorizatio…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 8 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"338088","title":"Hearings to examine the posture of the United States Space Command and United States Strategic Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for fiscal year 2027 and the future years defense program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2026-03-26T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338088"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338088","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_338086","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LHX 6 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, which on 2026-03-24 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine enterprise security and information technology operations of Department of Defense networks and systems; to be immediate…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 6 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","eventId":"338086","title":"Hearings to examine enterprise security and information technology operations of Department of Defense networks and systems; to be immediately followed by a closed session at 3:45 p.m., in SVC-217.","date":"2026-03-24T18:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338086"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338086","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_338067","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LHX 1 day before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2026-03-19 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the posture of United States Northern Command and United States Southern Command in review of the Defense Authorization …\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"338067","title":"Hearings to examine the posture of United States Northern Command and United States Southern Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2027 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2026-03-19T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338067"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338067","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_338051","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LHX 6 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2026-03-12 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the posture of United States European Command and United States Transportation Command in review of the Defense Authoriz…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 6 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"338051","title":"Hearings to examine the posture of United States European Command and United States Transportation Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2027 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2026-03-12T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338051"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/338051","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_337610","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LHX 2 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-11-06 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Payne, of Virginia, to be Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, Alexander Velez…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"337610","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Michael Payne, of Virginia, to be Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, Alexander Velez-Green, of Virginia, to be a Deputy Under Secretary, and Timothy Dill, of Ohio, and Maurice Todd, of Florida, both to be an Assistant Secretary, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-11-06T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337610"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337610","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_337602","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LHX on the same day as a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-11-04 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Austin Dahmer, of Arizona, and Robert Kadlec, of New York, both to be an Assistant Secretary, and Mic…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"337602","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Austin Dahmer, of Arizona, and Robert Kadlec, of New York, both to be an Assistant Secretary, and Michael Borders, of Florida, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-11-04T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337602"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337602","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_337561","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 7 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-10-28 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Marc Berkowitz, of Virginia, Joseph Jewell, of Indiana, and James Caggy, of New York, each to be an A…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 7 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"337561","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Marc Berkowitz, of Virginia, Joseph Jewell, of Indiana, and James Caggy, of New York, each to be an Assistant Secretary, and Brendan Rogers, of Connecticut, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Navy, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-10-28T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337561"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337561","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_337438","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LHX 1 day before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2025-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Platte Moring, of South Carolina, to be Inspector General, Kirsten Davies, of Tennessee, to be Chief …\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"337438","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Platte Moring, of South Carolina, to be Inspector General, Kirsten Davies, of Tennessee, to be Chief Information Officer, James Mazol, of Virginia, to be a Deputy Under Secretary, and Derrick Anderson, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary, all of the Department of Defense.","date":"2025-09-18T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337438"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-09-18"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337438","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_115619","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 14 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, which on 2023-03-28 held a hearing titled \"FY24 Request for Nuclear Forces and Atomic Energy Defense Activities\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces","eventId":"115619","title":"FY24 Request for Nuclear Forces and Atomic Energy Defense Activities","date":"2023-03-28T13:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115619"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115619","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_115510","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 9 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"Science, Technology, and Innovation at the Department of Defense\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","eventId":"115510","title":"Science, Technology, and Innovation at the Department of Defense","date":"2023-03-23T19:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115510"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115510","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_115478","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LHX 5 days after a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"Defense in a Digital Era: Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology, and Securing the Department of Defense\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","eventId":"115478","title":"Defense in a Digital Era: Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology, and Securing the Department of Defense","date":"2023-03-09T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115478"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115478","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_115498","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 9 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Impacts to the Department of Defense and the Armed Services\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel","eventId":"115498","title":"Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Impacts to the Department of Defense and the Armed Services","date":"2023-03-23T19:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115498"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115498","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_115470","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 6 days after a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services, which on 2023-03-08 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 6 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"115470","title":"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in North and South America","date":"2023-03-08T15:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115470"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115470","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_115514","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 9 days before a Defense hearing in House Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on House Armed Services, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in the Greater Middle East and Africa\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services","eventId":"115514","title":"U.S. Military Posture and National Security Challenges in the Greater Middle East and Africa","date":"2023-03-23T14:00:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115514"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115514","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_333908","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 14 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2023-03-28 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the President's proposed budget request for fiscal year 2024 for the Department of Defense and the Future Years Defense …\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"333908","title":"Hearings to examine the President's proposed budget request for fiscal year 2024 for the Department of Defense and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2023-03-28T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333908"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333908","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_333824","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LHX 2 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2023-03-16 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the posture of United States Central Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorization Req…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 2 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"333824","title":"Hearings to examine the posture of United States Central Command and United States Africa Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2024 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2023-03-16T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333824"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333824","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_333810","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LHX 1 day before a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2023-03-15 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the nominations of Ronald T. Keohane, of New York, to be an Assistant Secretary, and Nickolas Guertin, of Virginia, to b…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 1 day before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"333810","title":"Hearings to examine the nominations of Ronald T. Keohane, of New York, to be an Assistant Secretary, and Nickolas Guertin, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Navy, both of the Department of Defense.","date":"2023-03-15T13:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333810"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333810","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_333780","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LHX 5 days after a Defense hearing in Senate Armed Services","explanation":"Rich McCormick sits on Senate Armed Services, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine United States Strategic Command and United States Space Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fisca…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member buy $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services","eventId":"333780","title":"Hearings to examine United States Strategic Command and United States Space Command in review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2024 and the Future Years Defense Program; to be immediately followed by a closed session in SVC-217.","date":"2023-03-09T14:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333780"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333780","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_M001218_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Rich McCormick executed 3 reported trades in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-15"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_M001218","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $85,000","explanation":"Rich McCormick received campaign contributions totaling $85,000 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DELTA AIR LINES ($20,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":85000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"DELTA AIR LINES PAC","ldaClient":"DELTA AIR LINES","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_M001218_2023-03-15","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"33 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-03-15 — 33 unique tickers","explanation":"Rich McCormick executed 33 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-03-15 to 2023-03-15), spanning 33 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-03-15","windowEnd":"2023-03-15","tradeCount":33,"uniqueTickers":33,"totalDisclosedTrades":75,"sampleTickers":["O","BEXIX","LHX","MCD","ABT","ITW","PEP","MGK","NBGIX","APD"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001218","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 79 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Rich McCormick appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 79 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing proximity trade (28); insider followed trade (11); insider front ran trade (10); daily donation spike (5); reg rule trade proximity (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":79,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":28},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":11},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001218","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_M001218","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rich McCormick executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ADP (0d apart)","explanation":"Rich McCormick has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ADP 2026-03-19 → 2026-03-19 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"ADP","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-03-19","date2":"2026-03-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001218","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rich McCormick triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Rich McCormick accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_M001218","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rich McCormick operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.4M combined receipts)","explanation":"Rich McCormick operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.4M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: OLD BREED PAC, INC. (C00754572) · OLD BREED PAC (C00819425).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.43,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00754572","cmteName":"OLD BREED PAC, INC."},{"cmteId":"C00819425","cmteName":"OLD BREED PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754572/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00819425/"]},{"id":"P178_M001218_2023-03-15","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rich McCormick — 33 trades on 2023-03-15","explanation":"Rich McCormick disclosed 33 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-03-15). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-03-15","count":33}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001218","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rich McCormick — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (75/75)","explanation":"Rich McCormick's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":75,"atBracket":75,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001218","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rich McCormick — 36 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Rich McCormick has traded 36 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":36,"sample":["LHX","ABT","MGK","ADI","ADP","JNJ","HD","MSFT","NEE","UNH"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_M001218","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rich McCormick — DW-NOMINATE 0.89 vs GA delegation mean 0.21 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Rich McCormick's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.89) is 1.5 standard deviations from the GA delegation mean (0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"GA","memberScore":0.891,"delegationMean":0.20903703703703705,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P48_M001218_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P48 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Rich McCormick accumulated 28 P48 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 3 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P48","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":3}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001218"]}],"B001319":[{"id":"P3_B001319_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 4 Energy bills, this member voted YES 4 times (100%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":4,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":2,"sells":1,"netBuy":1,"total":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_B001319_tviflj","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,887,215 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ALABAMA CHRISTIAN CONSERVATIVES","explanation":"ALABAMA CHRISTIAN CONSERVATIVES spent $4,887,215 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 41 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00782656","name":"ALABAMA CHRISTIAN CONSERVATIVES","support":4887215.499999999,"oppose":0,"events":41}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00782656/"]},{"id":"P6_B001319_tvfzd0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,305,473 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ALABAMA CONSERVATIVES FUND","explanation":"ALABAMA CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $3,305,473 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00786152","name":"ALABAMA CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":3305472.64,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00786152/"]},{"id":"P6_B001319_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,401,609 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $1,401,609 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":1401609.22,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P6_B001319_tuzd2w","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$524,924 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ALABAMA'S FUTURE","explanation":"ALABAMA'S FUTURE spent $524,924 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00791202","name":"ALABAMA'S FUTURE","support":524923.97,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00791202/"]},{"id":"P7_B001319_ne6g3","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,037,634 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,037,634 opposing this member across 132 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4037633.8100000005,"totalSupport":10385719.329999996,"events":132,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":2645101.82},{"name":"CONSERVATIVE OUTSIDER PAC INC","oppose":1154957.4300000002},{"name":"ALABAMA PATRIOTS PAC","oppose":175928},{"name":"COURAGEOUS CONSERVATIVES PAC","oppose":59746.56},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR LEGAL IMMIGRATION PAC","oppose":1900}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001319_yneec5","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$45,518 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $45,518 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":45517.57,"oppose":0,"net":45517.57,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":44193.57,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1324,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001319_117nvd","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,349,847 / spent $3,084,654","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00821058","cmteName":"ALABAMA FIRST PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":242560.1,"totalDisbursements":28196.4,"cashOnHand":214363.67},{"cmteId":"C00821058","cmteName":"ALABAMA FIRST PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":1690800.6,"totalDisbursements":1603817.1,"cashOnHand":301347.13},{"cmteId":"C00821058","cmteName":"ALABAMA FIRST PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":1416486,"totalDisbursements":1452640.9,"cashOnHand":265192.16}],"totalRaised":3349846.7,"totalSpent":3084654.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001319_evzzif","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 3%)","explanation":"Of $12,131,139 in itemized individual contributions, $8,136,707 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":12131139,"buckets":{"$200 and under":363516,"$200.01-$499":333656,"$500-$999":1046578,"$1000-$1999":2250682,"$2000 and over":8136707},"megaShare":67.1,"smallDonorShare":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001319_kfdtye","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$204,150 donation spike on 2021-09-16 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-16 this committee recorded $204,150 across 111 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,141.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00781443","date":"2021-09-16","amount":204150,"count":111,"baseline":24141,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781443/"]},{"id":"P15_B001319_z3oa8f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$202,400 donation spike on 2022-03-07 — 13.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-07 this committee recorded $202,400 across 122 contributions — 13.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,283.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00781443","date":"2022-03-07","amount":202400,"count":122,"baseline":15283,"ratio":13.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781443/"]},{"id":"P15_B001319_z3nn8t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$194,789 donation spike on 2022-02-04 — 16.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-04 this committee recorded $194,789 across 112 contributions — 16.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,643.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00781443","date":"2022-02-04","amount":194789,"count":112,"baseline":11643,"ratio":16.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781443/"]},{"id":"P15_B001319_l907jr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$170,200 donation spike on 2023-05-02 — 17.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-02 this committee recorded $170,200 across 85 contributions — 17.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,644.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00781443","date":"2023-05-02","amount":170200,"count":85,"baseline":9644,"ratio":17.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781443/"]},{"id":"P15_B001319_6kn78v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,490 donation spike on 2024-03-29 — 14.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-29 this committee recorded $139,490 across 69 contributions — 14.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,776.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00781443","date":"2024-03-29","amount":139490,"count":69,"baseline":9776,"ratio":14.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781443/"]},{"id":"P18_B001319_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katie Britt executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2026-01-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-04-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delegation of Authority to the Director of the Division of Investment Management","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-12-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Investment Company Names; Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001319_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katie Britt executed 14 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-11-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2025-11-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2025-11-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2025-11-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additions to the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2025-10-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additions to the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2025-10-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001319_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Katie Britt executed 3 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-04-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-04-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","date":"2025-04-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: NAC International, Inc., MAGNASTOR® Storage System, Certificate of Compliance","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2025-03-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001319_8uhle0","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katie Britt campaign paid $2,794,082 to 28 surname-matched vendors, top: NEWMAN PARTNERS","explanation":"Katie Britt's campaign paid 208 disbursements totaling $2,794,082 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEWMAN PARTNERS","total":700800,"count":52,"samples":[{"payee":"NEWMAN PARTNERS","amount":30000,"date":"2019-04-05","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NEWMAN PARTNERS","amount":25000,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NEWMAN PARTNERS","amount":21500,"date":"2024-02-13","description":"CONSULTANT - FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA INC","total":507720.36000000004,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA INC","amount":97704.6,"date":"2022-09-28","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTH CMTEE OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"britt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA INC","amount":92505.14,"date":"2022-06-29","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"britt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA INC","amount":32638.66,"date":"2022-09-26","description":"TRANSFER OF NET JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"britt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEWMAN AND ASSOCIATES, LLC","total":363018.61000000004,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"NEWMAN AND ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":52528.08,"date":"2023-05-08","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NEWMAN AND ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":50375,"date":"2025-10-16","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"NEWMAN AND ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":46000,"date":"2025-10-16","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA, INC","total":234182.84999999998,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA, INC","amount":112101.44,"date":"2022-11-08","description":"TRANSFER: JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"britt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA, INC","amount":83890.05,"date":"2022-09-30","description":"TRANSFER: JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"britt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA, INC","amount":38191.36,"date":"2022-10-19","description":"TRANSFER: JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"britt","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEWMAN OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","total":156614.94,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"NEWMAN OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","amount":57959.94,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NEWMAN OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","amount":22416,"date":"2010-06-17","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"NEWMAN OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","amount":17400,"date":"2006-09-08","description":"ADVERTISING/BILLBOARDS","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEWMAN SIGNS, INC.","total":152473.75,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NEWMAN SIGNS, INC.","amount":138380,"date":"2018-07-13","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NEWMAN SIGNS, INC.","amount":14093.75,"date":"2018-10-09","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"newman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NEWMAN%20PARTNERS"]},{"id":"P22_B001319_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Katie Britt cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2026-01-28","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":13,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001319_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with AL R delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRITT, Katie Elizabeth voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_B001319","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 13.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 24 disclosed trades, 22 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 13.4× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":22,"total":24,"rate":91.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":13.36}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001319","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Katie Britt has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_B001319_V_20251107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $V 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katie Britt buy $V 3 days after a corporate insider (AH Parallel Fund V-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001675234)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"AH Parallel Fund V-B, L.P.  (CIK 0001675234)","filingDate":"2025-11-04","adsh":"0001231919-25-000428","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001319_AMZN_20251107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katie Britt sell $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"RUBINSTEIN JONATHAN  (CIK 0001209522)","filingDate":"2025-11-04","adsh":"0001209522-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001319_AAPL_20250430","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AAPL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katie Britt buy $AAPL 5 days after a corporate insider (Parekh Kevan  (CIK 0002050912)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Parekh Kevan  (CIK 0002050912)","filingDate":"2025-04-25","adsh":"0000320193-25-000051","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001319_XOM_20250430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $XOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katie Britt sell $XOM 1 day before a corporate insider (McKee Karen T  (CIK 0001771280)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"McKee Karen T  (CIK 0001771280)","filingDate":"2025-05-01","adsh":"0001127602-25-012837"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001319_AMZN_20251107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katie Britt sell $AMZN 3 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2025-11-10","adsh":"0001043298-25-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001319_AMZN_20250430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katie Britt buy $AMZN 5 days before a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2025-05-05","adsh":"0001018724-25-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001319_AAPL_20251107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katie Britt sell $AAPL 5 days before a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0001631982-25-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001319_V_20250414","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Katie Britt buy $V 9 days before a corporate insider (Griffith William J.G.  (CIK 0001688124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Griffith William J.G.  (CIK 0001688124)","filingDate":"2025-04-23","adsh":"0000950170-25-057455"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_B001319_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Katie Britt disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-07"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001319_ONEW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ONEW — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Katie Britt disclosed an asset position in $ONEW on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ONEW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ONEW","assetName":"ONEW - OneWater Marine Inc. - Class A Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ONEW","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-07-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_B001319_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (BA)","explanation":"Katie Britt discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P62_B001319","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $202,400 on 2022-03-07 (13.2× normal)","explanation":"Katie Britt's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $202,400 on 2022-03-07 — 13.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":706879,"maxRatio":17.6,"maxAmount":202400},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-07","amount":202400,"ratio":13.2,"baselineDaily":15283,"count":122,"cmteId":"C00781443","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00781443&min_date=2022-03-07&max_date=2022-03-07"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-02-04","amount":194789,"ratio":16.7,"baselineDaily":11643,"count":112,"cmteId":"C00781443","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00781443&min_date=2022-02-04&max_date=2022-02-04"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-05-02","amount":170200,"ratio":17.6,"baselineDaily":9644,"count":85,"cmteId":"C00781443","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00781443&min_date=2023-05-02&max_date=2023-05-02"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-29","amount":139490,"ratio":14.3,"baselineDaily":9776,"count":69,"cmteId":"C00781443","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00781443&min_date=2024-03-29&max_date=2024-03-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781443/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00781443&min_date=2022-03-07&max_date=2022-03-07"]},{"id":"P63_B001319","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 56 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Katie Britt's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 56 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): ALMFA, ALMXA, AAPL, SQ, FNSXX, ONEW, FLO, SO, SSCQX, CFAEX, CICEX, CNPEX, FACAX, VTIVX, GSLC, … (41 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":56,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["ALMFA","ALMXA","AAPL","SQ","FNSXX","ONEW","FLO","SO","SSCQX","CFAEX","CICEX","CNPEX","FACAX","VTIVX","GSLC","QQQM","IYW","IYG","EFV","IGLB","IEFA","IEMG","JEPI","HDUS","MOTI"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_B001319_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (BA) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Katie Britt's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — BA — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2021). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f48e5924-837b-4554-b676-a23f201207ba/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f48e5924-837b-4554-b676-a23f201207ba/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P69_B001319","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $2.1M in personal liabilities (31% leverage of assets) — 5 liability items","explanation":"Katie Britt's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $2,050,002 in personal liabilities against $6,648,043 in assets — a 30.8% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $2.1M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Spouse; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":2050002,"totalAssetMid":6648043,"leverageRatio":30.8,"liabCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"1 · 2024 · Spouse · Line of Credit · - · 6.75% (2 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Max Credit Union Montgomery, AL · This is a fixed rate draw down line of credit for 2F4B, LLC."},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2020 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.625% (318 months) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Regions Mortgage Montgomery, AL · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"3 · 2023 · Spouse · Line of Credit · - · 7.25% (2 years) · $100,001 - $250,000 · All in Credit Union Montgomery, AL · This is a fixed rate draw down line of credit for Bennington Investments, LLC."},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"4 · 2021 · Spouse · Line of Credit · - · 3.75% (3) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Max Credit Union Montgomery, AL · This is a fixed rate draw down line of credit for 2F4B, LLC; rolled into the entry at Lin"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_B001319","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 4 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at Alabama Wildlife Federation Millbrook, AL","explanation":"Katie Britt's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2023) lists 4 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Alabama Wildlife Federation Millbrook, AL (Nonprofit Organization); Trustee at Stillman College Tuscaloosa, AL (Educational Organization); Director at UA Community Affairs Board of Advisors Tuscaloosa, AL (Educational Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":4,"year":"2023","positions":[{"dates":"Apr 2021 to Dec 2022","role":"Director","entity":"Alabama Wildlife Federation Millbrook, AL","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Oct 2020 to Dec 2022","role":"Trustee","entity":"Stillman College Tuscaloosa, AL","entityType":"Educational Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2016 to Dec 2022","role":"Director","entity":"UA Community Affairs Board of Advisors Tuscaloosa, AL","entityType":"Educational Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2014 to Dec 2022","role":"Director","entity":"Blackburn Institute Tuscaloosa, AL","entityType":"Educational Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/452e0274-81d2-49cf-b313-909e8b99d26c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/452e0274-81d2-49cf-b313-909e8b99d26c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_B001319","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$63,750 in outside earned income — top source: Javelin Group LLC New York, NY ($$63,750.00)","explanation":"Katie Britt's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $63,750 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Javelin Group LLC New York, NY ($63,750.00, Royalties (Roy)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":63750,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties (Roy)","source":"Javelin Group LLC New York, NY","amount":"$63,750.00","amountNumeric":63750}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_B001319_2024","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 12 new ticker holdings in 2024 not present in prior PFD filings — including GSLC, QQQM, IYG, EFV, IGLB, IEFA","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 12 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: GSLC, QQQM, IYG, EFV, IGLB, IEFA, IEMG, JEPI, HDUS, MOTI, IGSB, BBCA.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2024,"count":12,"newTickers":["GSLC","QQQM","IYG","EFV","IGLB","IEFA","IEMG","JEPI","HDUS","MOTI","IGSB","BBCA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae8aa928-7d29-4e74-aac7-c8c9211713c7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae8aa928-7d29-4e74-aac7-c8c9211713c7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_B001319","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 2 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: China","explanation":"Katie Britt's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — China. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: China → EMXC - Emrg Mkts Ex China Ishares MSCI ETF ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":2,"countries":["China"],"byCountry":{"China":[{"assetName":"EMXC - Emrg Mkts Ex China Ishares MSCI ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"assetName":"EMXC - Emrg Mkts Ex China Ishares MSCI ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001319","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 25 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 41 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Katie Britt appears in 25 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 41 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 25 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); insider front ran trade (5); ie support concentration (4); reg rule trade proximity (3); insider followed trade (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":25,"totalFindings":41,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001319","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_B001319_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 11 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including ALMLA, REMSX, RFCTX, RINTX, RLESX, RSESX","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 11 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: ALMLA, REMSX, RFCTX, RINTX, RLESX, RSESX, RMGSX, RGCSX, RGESX, PPA, IHI.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":11,"divestedTickers":["ALMLA","REMSX","RFCTX","RINTX","RLESX","RSESX","RMGSX","RGCSX","RGESX","PPA","IHI"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae8aa928-7d29-4e74-aac7-c8c9211713c7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae8aa928-7d29-4e74-aac7-c8c9211713c7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katie Britt discloses 20 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 20 unascertainable, 21% of 94 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 20 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 20 unascertainable) across 94 total reported assets — 21% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: CollegeCounts 529 Fund - Child 1 Institution: Alabama (--) · CollegeCounts 529 Fund - Child 2 Institution: Alabama (--) · Raymond James - Spouse IRA (--) · Brokerage Acct #1 - Raymond James (--) · Raymond James - Self IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":20,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":20,"totalAssets":94,"opaqueRatio":0.213,"samples":[{"asset":"CollegeCounts 529 Fund - Child 1 Institution: Alabama","value":"--"},{"asset":"CollegeCounts 529 Fund - Child 2 Institution: Alabama","value":"--"},{"asset":"Raymond James - Spouse IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Brokerage Acct #1 - Raymond James","value":"--"},{"asset":"Raymond James - Self IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katie Britt discloses 10 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 10 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Edward Jones Bank Deposit (Maryland Heights, MO) Type: Broke · 2f4b LLC Company: 2f4b LLC (Enterprise, AL) Description: Rea · Commercial Real Estate Description: Land in Development (Ent · 2f4b INV LLC Company: 2f4b INV LLC (Enterprise, AL) Descript.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":10,"properties":[{"name":"Edward Jones Bank Deposit (Maryland Heights, MO) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"2f4b LLC Company: 2f4b LLC (Enterprise, AL) Description: Real Estate Development","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Land in Development (Enterprise, AL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"2f4b INV LLC Company: 2f4b INV LLC (Enterprise, AL) Description: Real Estate Development","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Land in Development (Enterprise, AL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Bennington Investments, LLC Company: Bennington Investments, LLC (Enterprise, AL) Description: Real Estate Dev","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Land in Development (Enterprise, AL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Bennington Group, LLC Company: Bennington Group, LLC (Enterprise, AL) Description: Real Estate Development","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katie Britt's 2025 PFD: 60 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (63% of 95 reported assets)","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 60 reported holdings owned by Spouse (52), Joint (8), or Dependent (0) — 63% of 95 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: CollegeCounts 529 Fund - Child 1 Institution: Alabama · Spouse: ALMFA - Age-Based Moderate Ages 13-14 Portfolio · Spouse: CollegeCounts 529 Fund - Child 2 Institution: Alabama · Spouse: ALMXA - Age-Based Moderate Ages 15-16 Portfolio.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":52,"Joint":8,"Dependent":0,"Self":34},"totalAssets":95,"familyShare":0.632,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CollegeCounts 529 Fund - Child 1 Institution: Alabama","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"ALMFA - Age-Based Moderate Ages 13-14 Portfolio","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CollegeCounts 529 Fund - Child 2 Institution: Alabama","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"ALMXA - Age-Based Moderate Ages 15-16 Portfolio","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Raymond James - Spouse IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katie Britt's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — AAPL","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: AAPL ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc. - Common Stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_B001319","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katie Britt's campaign paid $258,292 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: BRITT SENATE VICTORY ($134,826)","explanation":"Katie Britt's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 15 payments totaling $258,292 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BRITT SENATE VICTORY ($134,826 across 7 payments, services: EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM WILLIAM WILSON · POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM RODERICK DUKE). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":258292.16,"paymentCount":15,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BRITT SENATE VICTORY","total":134826.45,"count":7,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM WILLIAM WILSON","POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM RODERICK DUKE"]},{"payee":"BRITT FOR ALABAMA","total":46500,"count":1,"descriptions":["DIRECT CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"JACOVICH, BRITT","total":31335.71,"count":3,"descriptions":["SALARY & BENEFITS","SALARY AND BENEFITS"]},{"payee":"BRITT, ELIZABETH","total":24000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONSULTING FUNDRAISING"]},{"payee":"MICHAEL BRITT","total":11630,"count":1,"descriptions":["CARDS FOR STAFF/VOLUNTEER TRAVEL EX"]}],"surname":"britt"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2AL00145&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_B001319","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katie Britt filed 5 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 100 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Katie Britt has filed 5 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 100 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2023 (100d late, filed 08/23/2023) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2023 (90d late, filed 08/13/2023) · 2024 (61d late, filed 07/15/2024).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":5,"maxDaysLate":100,"samples":[{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/23/2023","daysLate":100,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/452e0274-81d2-49cf-b313-909e8b99d26c/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/13/2023","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/db8ace31-ed2e-4356-a080-ad0956d9061d/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"},{"year":2024,"filingDate":"07/15/2024","daysLate":61,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae8aa928-7d29-4e74-aac7-c8c9211713c7/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/452e0274-81d2-49cf-b313-909e8b99d26c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/db8ace31-ed2e-4356-a080-ad0956d9061d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P99_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katie Britt's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Fine Geddie and Associates,","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Fine Geddie and Associates, LLC (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Fine Geddie and Associates, LLC Montgomery, AL","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P101_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katie Britt's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$63,750 disclosed) — top: Javelin Group LLC New","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $63,750 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Javelin Group LLC New (Royalties (Roy), $63,750.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":63750,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties (Roy)","payer":"Javelin Group LLC New York, NY","amount":"$63,750.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katie Britt holds 2 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AAPL ($20.9M), SO ($18.9M)","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $39.9M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · SO ($18.9M, 64 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalLobbyAcrossM":39.88,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"SO","totalLobby":18940000,"recordCount":64,"topClient":"SOUTHERN COMPANY"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katie Britt holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895)","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 10,895 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":10895,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P109_B001319","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katie Britt named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.0M total receipts) — top: BRITT SENATE VICTORY","explanation":"Katie Britt appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BRITT SENATE VICTORY (C00900472, $1.0M receipts, treasurer RAYMOND, LORI BETH). Active years: 1, first seen 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.01,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00900472","name":"BRITT SENATE VICTORY","receipts":1014083.48,"treasurer":"RAYMOND, LORI BETH","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00900472/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00900472/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00900472/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P130_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katie Britt's 2025 PFD: 60% of 5 classified ticker holdings in Technology (3/5)","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows ticker-holding concentration in a single sector — 3 of 5 classified holdings (60%) are in Technology. Concentration is the inverse of diversification: when a senator's portfolio leans this heavily toward one industry, every regulatory decision affecting that industry has outsized impact on their personal balance sheet. The senator's wealth tracks Technology-sector beta directly — federal-policy shocks to Technology (taxes, regulations, antitrust enforcement, subsidies, sanctions) move their net worth more than they would for a diversified portfolio. Sector breakdown: Technology (3) · Utilities (2).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sector_concentration","year":"2025","totalClassified":5,"sectorCounts":{"Technology":3,"Utilities":2},"topSector":"Technology","concentration":0.6,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_B001319","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katie Britt executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL UNH (16d apart)","explanation":"Katie Britt has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL UNH 2025-04-14 → 2025-04-30 (16d) · BUY→SELL XOM 2025-04-14 → 2025-04-30 (16d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"UNH","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-14","date2":"2025-04-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2025-04-14","date2":"2025-04-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_B001319","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katie Britt triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 40 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Katie Britt accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 40 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":40}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_B001319","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katie Britt triggers 41 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Katie Britt accumulates findings across 41 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 41 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":41,"sampleDetectors":["P3","P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P22","P29","P32","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P62","P63","P64","P69","P70","P71","P74","P77","P78","P79","P83","P84","P87"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P161_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katie Britt's 2025 PFD includes 4 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: ALMFA - Age-Based Moderate Ages 13-14 Portfolio · ALMXA - Age-Based Moderate Ages 15-16 Portfolio · SSCQX - State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund Class K · VTIVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"asset":"ALMFA - Age-Based Moderate Ages 13-14 Portfolio","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"ALMXA - Age-Based Moderate Ages 15-16 Portfolio","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"SSCQX - State Street Target Retirement 2040 Fund Class K","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"VTIVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_B001319","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katie Britt's PFD net worth declined 116% year-over-year — 2023 $2.53M → 2024 $-0.41M","explanation":"Katie Britt's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $2.53M in 2023 to $-0.41M in 2024 — a 116% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2023","priorNetWorthM":2.53,"latestYear":"2024","latestNetWorthM":-0.41,"declinePct":116.29,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/db8ace31-ed2e-4356-a080-ad0956d9061d/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae8aa928-7d29-4e74-aac7-c8c9211713c7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae8aa928-7d29-4e74-aac7-c8c9211713c7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/db8ace31-ed2e-4356-a080-ad0956d9061d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_AL_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AL delegation: Katie Britt & Tommy Tuberville both flagged on 29 shared detector types (9 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from AL — Katie Britt and Tommy Tuberville — are flagged on the same 29 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 9 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P10, P11, P15, P18, P19, P29.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"AL","otherSenatorBid":"T000278","otherSenatorName":"Tommy Tuberville","sharedDetectorCount":29,"sharedHighCount":9,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P29","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P62","P63","P64"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001319","https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000278"]},{"id":"P178_B001319_2025-04-14","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katie Britt — 11 trades on 2025-04-14","explanation":"Katie Britt disclosed 11 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-04-14). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-04-14","count":11}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_B001319_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katie Britt — 55 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Katie Britt's 2025 Senate PFD shows 55 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":55,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d5afe8e9-b8b3-4265-9075-7935cbb7ba0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"N000189":[{"id":"P3_N000189_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 11 BUYS vs 6 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":11,"sells":6,"netBuy":5,"total":17}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_N000189_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 4 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":5,"sells":4,"netBuy":1,"total":9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_N000189_Technology","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology trades filed 158d late on avg — overall avg only 143d","explanation":"In Technology (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 158.2 days — versus 142.7 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":49,"avgGap":158},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":140,"avgGap":143},{"source":"pac","sector":"Technology","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_N000189_Energy","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy trades filed 155d late on avg — overall avg only 143d","explanation":"In Energy (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 154.7 days — versus 142.7 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":9,"avgGap":155},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":140,"avgGap":143},{"source":"pac","sector":"Energy","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_N000189_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare trades filed 173d late on avg — overall avg only 143d","explanation":"In Healthcare (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 172.6 days — versus 142.7 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":10,"avgGap":173},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":140,"avgGap":143},{"source":"pac","sector":"Healthcare","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_N000189_uguimb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$559,276 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","explanation":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC. spent $559,276 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00608943","name":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","support":559276.03,"oppose":0,"events":26}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608943/"]},{"id":"P6_N000189_tiujm1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Building America's Economy","explanation":"Building America's Economy spent $250,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00803593","name":"Building America's Economy","support":250000,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00803593/"]},{"id":"P9_N000189_hi4xpy","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,519 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $61,519 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":61519.259999999995,"oppose":0,"net":61519.259999999995,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":61519.259999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_BLK_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_AVGO_2025-04-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AVGO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-10 and 2025-04-17, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AVGO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-04-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AVGO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"}],"span":"2025-04-10 to 2025-04-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_ACN_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_ACN_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_HON_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_HON_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_HON_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_TMO_2025-04-04","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-04 and 2025-04-11, 7 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-04","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":7,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-04 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 6 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":6,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_TMO_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 5 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001229","name":"Jefferson Shreve"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_TMO_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_TMO_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_UNP_2025-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UNP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-11 and 2025-04-17, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UNP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2025-04-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UNP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2025-04-11 to 2025-04-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_LLY_2024-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-04-03 and 2024-04-10, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2024-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2024-04-03 to 2024-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_LLY_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-11, 4 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"J000310","name":"Julie Johnson"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_LLY_2025-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-08 and 2025-04-15, 4 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2025-04-08 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_N000189_LLY_2025-04-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-09 and 2025-04-15, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"N000189","name":"Dan Newhouse"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2025-04-09 to 2025-04-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000189_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"49 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Newhouse executed 49 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNPS","date":"2025-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-12-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-12-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2025-12-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of America, and South Atlantic; 2025 Commercial Closure for Gag in the South Atlantic","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-12-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revisions to the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2025-11-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000189_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Newhouse executed 17 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BR","date":"2025-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2025-12-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2025-12-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2025-12-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Estate Tax Closing Letter User Fee Update","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2025-12-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2025-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000189_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Newhouse executed 9 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OKE","date":"2025-08-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2025-08-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-08-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","date":"2025-04-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Significant New Use Rules on Certain Chemical Substances (23-3.5e); Correction","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Significant New Use Rules on Certain Chemical Substances (23-3.5e); Correction","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2025-07-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000189_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Newhouse executed 3 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2025-08-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2024-04-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2022-03-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2025 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2025-09-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Reciprocal Switching for Inadequate Service","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2024-05-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000189_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Newhouse executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-08-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2025-04-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2024-04-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Wake Island Code","agency":"Defense Department","date":"2025-07-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Conch Republic Navy Parade and Battle, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-04-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000189_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Newhouse executed 5 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-04-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2024-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2022-08-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2022-03-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Buprenorphine Treatment via Telemedicine Encounter and Continuity of Care via Telemedicine for Veterans Aff","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2025-03-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Principles of Reasonable Cost Reimbursement; Payment for End-Stage Renal Disease Services; Prospectively Determined Paym","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2024-03-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_N000189_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Agriculture trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Newhouse executed 1 Agriculture-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","date":"2022-03-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Small Business Size Standards: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting; Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2022-03-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_N000189_jfprdw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Newhouse campaign paid $9,948,899 to 23 surname-matched vendors, top: JOHNSON, PERRY","explanation":"Dan Newhouse's campaign paid 85 disbursements totaling $9,948,899 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOHNSON, PERRY","total":2574563.82,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"JOHNSON, PERRY","amount":1556000,"date":"2023-08-30","description":"IN-KIND: FLIGHT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOHNSON, PERRY","amount":300060,"date":"2023-09-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOHNSON, PERRY","amount":300040,"date":"2023-09-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HANEY, PERRY","total":1318000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"HANEY, PERRY","amount":500000,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HANEY, PERRY","amount":448000,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HANEY, PERRY","amount":149000,"date":"2012-01-02","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GERSHON, PERRY","total":1303325.6,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"GERSHON, PERRY","amount":250000,"date":"2021-06-09","description":"DEBT FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GERSHON, PERRY","amount":238501.75,"date":"2020-06-15","description":"IN-KIND:  MEDIA TIME BUY WIN PUBLIC AFFAIRS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GERSHON, PERRY","amount":238501.75,"date":"2021-06-09","description":"DEBT FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","total":1100000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","amount":250000,"date":"2002-10-11","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","amount":250000,"date":"2002-09-04","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","amount":250000,"date":"2002-09-27","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","total":1093788.51,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","amount":100206.04,"date":"2023-03-29","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","amount":91731.47,"date":"2025-06-24","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","amount":80273.44,"date":"2025-03-24","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC FUNDS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE AUDIENCE, INC. C/O PERRY, NEIDORF & GRASSL, LLP","total":641250,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"THE AUDIENCE, INC. C/O PERRY, NEIDORF & GRASSL, LLP","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-10","description":"ON-LINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"THE AUDIENCE, INC. C/O PERRY, NEIDORF & GRASSL, LLP","amount":80000,"date":"2012-10-18","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"THE AUDIENCE, INC. C/O PERRY, NEIDORF & GRASSL, LLP","amount":55000,"date":"2012-09-17","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JOHNSON"]},{"id":"P21_N000189_Finance","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance BUYs filed 168d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Finance (11 buys vs 6 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":17,"avgGap":168,"buys":11,"sells":6},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":140,"avgGap":143}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_N000189_Energy","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy BUYs filed 155d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Energy (5 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":9,"avgGap":155,"buys":5,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":140,"avgGap":143}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_N000189_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare BUYs filed 173d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Healthcare (6 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":10,"avgGap":173,"buys":6,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":140,"avgGap":143}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_N000189","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 4.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 169 disclosed trades, 52 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 4.8× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":52,"total":169,"rate":30.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":4.78}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_N000189","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing; 3 sectors with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance + 2 more)","explanation":"Dan Newhouse has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 3 sectors show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":37,"highSeverityCount":17,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Healthcare","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_N000189_V_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $V 1 day after a corporate insider (Blackstone Real Estate Partners V LP  (CIK 0001348632)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Blackstone Real Estate Partners V LP  (CIK 0001348632)","filingDate":"2022-03-07","adsh":"0000899243-22-009676","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_EL_20240410","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $EL 1 day after a corporate insider (TALENT BOOM GROUP LTD  (CIK 0002004293)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"TALENT BOOM GROUP LTD  (CIK 0002004293)","filingDate":"2024-04-09","adsh":"0001857816-24-000077","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_DE_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $DE 1 day after a corporate insider (SOFTBANK VISION FUND II-2 L.P.  (CIK 0001787613)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"SOFTBANK VISION FUND II-2 L.P.  (CIK 0001787613)","filingDate":"2022-03-07","adsh":"0000899243-22-009708","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_EL_20220805","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $EL 2 days after a corporate insider (ROOT JONATHAN D  (CIK 0001225480)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"ROOT JONATHAN D  (CIK 0001225480)","filingDate":"2022-08-03","adsh":"0001062993-22-017215","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_VZ_20230317","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $VZ 2 days after a corporate insider (Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)","filingDate":"2023-03-15","adsh":"0001062993-23-006889","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_TMUS_20251211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMUS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $TMUS 2 days after a corporate insider (Long Letitia A  (CIK 0001637178)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Long Letitia A  (CIK 0001637178)","filingDate":"2025-12-09","adsh":"0001283699-25-000173","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_TFC_20251211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TFC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $TFC 3 days after a corporate insider (Powell Cynthia B  (CIK 0001471555)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TFC","filer":"Powell Cynthia B  (CIK 0001471555)","filingDate":"2025-12-08","adsh":"0001471555-25-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_ADP_20250818","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ADP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $ADP 3 days after a corporate insider (Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADP","filer":"Rodriguez Carlos A  (CIK 0001378514)","filingDate":"2025-08-15","adsh":"0001225208-25-007296","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_BKNG_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BKNG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $BKNG 4 days after a corporate insider (D'Emic Susana  (CIK 0001518367)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"D'Emic Susana  (CIK 0001518367)","filingDate":"2022-03-04","adsh":"0001415889-22-002593","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_PG_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PG 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $PG 5 days after a corporate insider (Peterman Carla J  (CIK 0001911955)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Peterman Carla J  (CIK 0001911955)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001004980-22-000030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_AMZN_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $AMZN 5 days after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001127602-22-007990","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_AVGO_20240410","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AVGO 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $AVGO 5 days after a corporate insider (Low Check Kian  (CIK 0001692615)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Low Check Kian  (CIK 0001692615)","filingDate":"2024-04-05","adsh":"0001730168-24-000045","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_NVDA_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $NVDA 5 days after a corporate insider (Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001045810-22-000015","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_LLY_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LLY 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $LLY 5 days after a corporate insider (Jonsson Patrik  (CIK 0001786054)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Jonsson Patrik  (CIK 0001786054)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0000059478-22-000088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_N000189_MPC_20220308","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MPC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $MPC 5 days after a corporate insider (Brooks Raymond L  (CIK 0001665722)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPC","filer":"Brooks Raymond L  (CIK 0001665722)","filingDate":"2022-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-22-015481","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_PANW_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PANW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $PANW 1 day before a corporate insider (Klarich Lee  (CIK 0001682260)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PANW","filer":"Klarich Lee  (CIK 0001682260)","filingDate":"2025-12-12","adsh":"0001193125-25-317830"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_EL_20240410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $EL 1 day before a corporate insider (TALENT BOOM GROUP LTD  (CIK 0002004293)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"TALENT BOOM GROUP LTD  (CIK 0002004293)","filingDate":"2024-04-11","adsh":"0001857816-24-000079"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_AMZN_20220308","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)","filingDate":"2022-03-09","adsh":"0001127602-22-008807"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_AMD_20250818","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $AMD 1 day before a corporate insider (Carter Philip Matthew  (CIK 0001976916)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"Carter Philip Matthew  (CIK 0001976916)","filingDate":"2025-08-19","adsh":"0000002488-25-000144"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_TMO_20211102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TMO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $TMO 1 day before a corporate insider (Williamson Stephen  (CIK 0001648929)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"Williamson Stephen  (CIK 0001648929)","filingDate":"2021-11-03","adsh":"0001127602-21-028290"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_ROST_20250818","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ROST 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $ROST 1 day before a corporate insider (Rost Nicholas  (CIK 0001880681)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROST","filer":"Rost Nicholas  (CIK 0001880681)","filingDate":"2025-08-19","adsh":"0001880681-25-000007"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_AVGO_20240410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AVGO 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $AVGO 2 days before a corporate insider (Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)","filingDate":"2024-04-12","adsh":"0001730168-24-000049"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_V_20220308","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $V 3 days before a corporate insider (Meritech Capital Partners V L.P.  (CIK 0001612996)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Meritech Capital Partners V L.P.  (CIK 0001612996)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0001209191-22-018125"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_UNP_20220308","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNP 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $UNP 3 days before a corporate insider (Gehringer Eric J  (CIK 0001839176)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"Gehringer Eric J  (CIK 0001839176)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0000100885-22-000082"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_AVGO_20250411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $AVGO 4 days before a corporate insider (Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Brazeal Mark David  (CIK 0001627720)","filingDate":"2025-04-15","adsh":"0001730168-25-000031"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_BRO_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BRO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $BRO 4 days before a corporate insider (BROWN HYATT J  (CIK 0001168820)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BRO","filer":"BROWN HYATT J  (CIK 0001168820)","filingDate":"2025-12-15","adsh":"0001193125-25-319366"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_PYPL_20250411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $PYPL 5 days before a corporate insider (Scotti Diego  (CIK 0001621597)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Scotti Diego  (CIK 0001621597)","filingDate":"2025-04-16","adsh":"0001633917-25-000056"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_DE_20250411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $DE 5 days before a corporate insider (Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Control Empresarial de Capitales S.A. de C.V.  (CIK 0001273693)","filingDate":"2025-04-16","adsh":"0001140361-25-014236"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_BKNG_20240410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BKNG 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $BKNG 6 days before a corporate insider (Vojvodich Radakovich Lynn  (CIK 0001662205)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"Vojvodich Radakovich Lynn  (CIK 0001662205)","filingDate":"2024-04-16","adsh":"0001415889-24-010865"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_MCO_20211102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MCO 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $MCO 6 days before a corporate insider (Fauber Robert  (CIK 0001481153)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCO","filer":"Fauber Robert  (CIK 0001481153)","filingDate":"2021-11-08","adsh":"0001209191-21-063358"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_NXPI_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NXPI 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $NXPI 6 days before a corporate insider (Micallef Andrew  (CIK 0001341767)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NXPI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NXPI","filer":"Micallef Andrew  (CIK 0001341767)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001341767-25-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_GOOGL_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $GOOGL 6 days before a corporate insider (Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Schindler Philipp  (CIK 0001837573)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001193125-25-323453"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_AVGO_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $AVGO 6 days before a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001730168-25-000118"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_LULU_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LULU 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $LULU 6 days before a corporate insider (NEUBURGER NICOLE  (CIK 0001800739)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LULU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LULU","filer":"NEUBURGER NICOLE  (CIK 0001800739)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0001397187-25-000060"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_LLY_20240410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $LLY 6 days before a corporate insider (JOHNSON KIMBERLY H  (CIK 0001658089)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"JOHNSON KIMBERLY H  (CIK 0001658089)","filingDate":"2024-04-16","adsh":"0000059478-24-000107"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_ULTA_20251211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ULTA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $ULTA 6 days before a corporate insider (Halligan Catherine Ann  (CIK 0001540018)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ULTA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ULTA","filer":"Halligan Catherine Ann  (CIK 0001540018)","filingDate":"2025-12-17","adsh":"0000897069-25-001812"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_CRM_20240410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CRM 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $CRM 7 days before a corporate insider (Tallapragada Srinivas  (CIK 0001742882)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Tallapragada Srinivas  (CIK 0001742882)","filingDate":"2024-04-17","adsh":"0001127602-24-013117"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_LLY_20220805","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse sell $LLY 7 days before a corporate insider (Weems Alonzo  (CIK 0001869672)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Weems Alonzo  (CIK 0001869672)","filingDate":"2022-08-12","adsh":"0000059478-22-000198"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_FTNT_20240410","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FTNT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $FTNT 7 days before a corporate insider (Xie Ken  (CIK 0001475587)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTNT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FTNT","filer":"Xie Ken  (CIK 0001475587)","filingDate":"2024-04-17","adsh":"0001415889-24-011080"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_MPC_20220308","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MPC 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Newhouse buy $MPC 7 days before a corporate insider (Rucker Kim K.W.  (CIK 0001430329)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPC","filer":"Rucker Kim K.W.  (CIK 0001430329)","filingDate":"2022-03-15","adsh":"0001209191-22-018771"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_N000189_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+7 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Dan Newhouse accumulated 32 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 7 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":7,"totalRaw":32}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P45_N000189","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"11% of stock trades (18 of 169) in major federal contractors — top: BLK ($17B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Dan Newhouse concentrated 11% of their stock-trading activity (18 of 169 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $111B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BLK","totalContracts":16614570957.05,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"HON","totalContracts":9270708946.880001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":3},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NOW","totalContracts":10575255868.639997,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":3},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LOW","totalContracts":45560278142.38001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":3},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LIN","totalContracts":28595464870.309998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":18,"totalStockTrades":169,"concentrationPct":11,"distinctContractors":8,"topExposure":110616278785.26001}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_N000189_2024-05-01_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MPC 21 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Dan Newhouse delivered a 321-word floor speech on 2024-05-01 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman of the Natural Re- sources Committee for allowing me to join in this conversation in support of the Alaska’s Right to Produce Act. Alaska truly is blessed with abun-…\"). The member sell $MPC (a Energy-sector stock) 21 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-05-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":321,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman of the Natural Re- sources Committee for allowing me to join in this conversation in support of the Alaska’s Right to Produce Act. Alaska truly is blessed with abun- ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/05/01/170/75/CREC-2024-05-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/05/01/170/75/CREC-2024-05-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_N000189_2024-04-15_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PEP 5 days before a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Dan Newhouse delivered a 408-word floor speech on 2024-04-15 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman for those kind re- marks on the Congressional Western Caucus, and I thank him for being such a strong member of the Western Cau- cus. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to dis…\"). The member buy $PEP (a Staples-sector stock) 5 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-04-15","chamber":"House","wordCount":408,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the chairman for those kind re- marks on the Congressional Western Caucus, and I thank him for being such a strong member of the Western Cau- cus. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to dis","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/04/15/170/64/CREC-2024-04-15-i64-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/04/15/170/64/CREC-2024-04-15-i64-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_N000189_2022-03-31_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PG 23 days before a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Dan Newhouse delivered a 723-word floor speech on 2022-03-31 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank Mr. MANN for his leadership and also for hosting us tonight on this spe- cial occasion to talk about American agriculture. I am truly proud to stand with my colleagues to talk abo…\"). The member buy $PG (a Staples-sector stock) 23 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-03-31","chamber":"House","wordCount":723,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank Mr. MANN for his leadership and also for hosting us tonight on this spe- cial occasion to talk about American agriculture. I am truly proud to stand with my colleagues to talk abo","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/31/168/57/CREC-2022-03-31-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/03/31/168/57/CREC-2022-03-31-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_N000189_MSFT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $MSFT — MICROSOFT's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Dan Newhouse executed 3 reported trades in $MSFT (MICROSOFT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","parent":"MICROSOFT","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC","parent":"MICROSOFT","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC%20-%20MSVPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC%20-%20MSVPAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_N000189_AMZN","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $AMZN — AMAZON's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Dan Newhouse executed 2 reported trades in $AMZN (AMAZON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AMAZON PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","parent":"AMAZON","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-08"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AMAZON PAC","parent":"AMAZON","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_N000189","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$62K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Dan Newhouse received $61,519.26 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($61,519.26 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":61519.259999999995,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2014":19937.989999999998,"2016":9518.130000000001,"2022":12400.269999999999,"2024":20325.41},"corpCount":2},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":61519.259999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_N000189","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $200,000","explanation":"Dan Newhouse received campaign contributions totaling $200,000 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 32 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COUNCIL OF PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF AGROTECHN ($10,000); WINE INSTITUTE ($10,000); AMERICAN PISTACHIO GROWERS (FORMERLY KNOWN AS WEST ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":200000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"COUNCIL OF PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF AGROTECHNOLOGY  (CPDA-PAC)","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF AGROTECHNOLOGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WINE INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"WINE INSTITUTE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WESTERN GROWERS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PISTACHIO GROWERS (FORMERLY KNOWN AS WESTERN PISTACHIO ASSOCIATION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_N000189_2025-04-11","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"48 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-04-11 — 48 unique tickers","explanation":"Dan Newhouse executed 48 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-04-11 to 2025-04-11), spanning 48 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-04-11","windowEnd":"2025-04-11","tradeCount":48,"uniqueTickers":48,"totalDisclosedTrades":169,"sampleTickers":["PYPL","LLY","ADI","LIN","UNH","FTNT","INTU","HON","MCO","BKNG"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_N000189","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 88 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dan Newhouse appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 88 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (17); insider followed trade (15); reg rule trade proximity (7); selective filing delay (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":88,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":17},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":7},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":3},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":3},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/N000189","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_N000189","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Newhouse draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.8M PAC / $20.0M total)","explanation":"Dan Newhouse's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.8M of $20.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20,"pacSharePct":54.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4WA04104"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4WA04104/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_N000189","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Newhouse triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Dan Newhouse accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":20}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_N000189_2025-04-11","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Newhouse — 48 trades on 2025-04-11","explanation":"Dan Newhouse disclosed 48 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-04-11). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-04-11","count":48}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_N000189","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Newhouse — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (169/169)","explanation":"Dan Newhouse's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":169,"atBracket":169,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_N000189","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Newhouse — 82 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Dan Newhouse has traded 82 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":82,"sample":["RCL","SNPS","BR","BX","AVGO","SBUX","LULU","TFC","GOOGL","MGA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"W000804":[{"id":"P3_W000804_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 16 BUYS vs 8 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":16,"sells":8,"netBuy":8,"total":24}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_W000804_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 10 BUYS vs 6 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":10,"sells":6,"netBuy":4,"total":16}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_W000804_xic9qi","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $379,576 / spent $347,074","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00524314","cmteName":"AMERICA'S FIRST PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":19000,"totalDisbursements":15000,"cashOnHand":4000},{"cmteId":"C00524314","cmteName":"AMERICA'S FIRST PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":36250,"totalDisbursements":34981.1,"cashOnHand":5268.95},{"cmteId":"C00524314","cmteName":"AMERICA'S FIRST PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":82500,"totalDisbursements":82264.9,"cashOnHand":5504.03},{"cmteId":"C00524314","cmteName":"AMERICA'S FIRST PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":112950,"totalDisbursements":97296.4,"cashOnHand":21157.59},{"cmteId":"C00524314","cmteName":"AMERICA'S FIRST PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":128876.4,"totalDisbursements":117531.8,"cashOnHand":32502.19}],"totalRaised":379576.4,"totalSpent":347074.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_LIN_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-11-05, 5 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_LIN_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 4 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_LIN_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 3 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_BDX_2020-05-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-19 and 2020-05-22, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2020-05-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"}],"span":"2020-05-19 to 2020-05-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_PM_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-19, 4 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_PM_2018-12-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-13 and 2018-12-19, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"}],"span":"2018-12-13 to 2018-12-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_PM_2018-12-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-17 and 2018-12-21, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-12-17 to 2018-12-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_PX_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-10-31, 5 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_PX_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-10-31, 4 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_PX_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-10-31, 3 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_LMT_2022-01-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-12 and 2022-01-19, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2022-01-12 to 2022-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000804_LMT_2022-01-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-14 and 2022-01-21, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2022-01-14 to 2022-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000804_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Wittman executed 19 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Nuclear Nonproliferation Controls on the People's Republic of China and Macau; Correction","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-08-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Expansion of Nuclear Nonproliferation Controls on the People's Republic of China and Macau; Correction","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-08-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000804_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Wittman executed 16 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HIG","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FIS","date":"2023-09-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-06-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additional Guidance on Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit Program","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2023-08-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additional Guidance on Low-Income Communities Bonus Credit Program","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2023-08-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000804_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Wittman executed 8 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2023-07-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2022-06-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2022-02-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicaid Program and CHIP; Mandatory Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Core Set Reporting","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2023-08-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of the Vaccine Requirements for Head Start Programs","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Children and Families Administration","date":"2023-06-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000804_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Wittman executed 8 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","date":"2023-09-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","date":"2023-08-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2023-04-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Cameron Balloons Ltd. Fuel Cylinders","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-08-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Cameron Balloons Ltd. Fuel Cylinders","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-08-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000804_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Wittman executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-07-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-12,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2023-08-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000804_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert Wittman executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2021-12-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to U.S. Navy Construction a","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-12-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Conditions: Airbus Defense and Space S.A., C212-CC/-CD/-CE/-CF/-DF/-DE Airplanes; Rechargeable Lithium Battery I","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-11-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000804_m9bhar","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Wittman campaign paid $161,458 to 23 surname-matched vendors, top: MARSTON, MICHELLE","explanation":"Robert Wittman's campaign paid 37 disbursements totaling $161,458 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","total":53726.020000000004,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":15000,"date":"2009-04-06","description":"CONSULTING--CAMPAIGN MANAGEMEN","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":11976.02,"date":"2008-11-17","description":"REIMBURSEMENT (SEE BELOW)","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":10000,"date":"2008-11-12","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, JIM","total":19600,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, JIM","amount":9800,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARSTON, JIM","amount":9800,"date":"2020-12-01","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, HALL","total":11200,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, HALL","amount":5600,"date":"2020-10-18","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARSTON, HALL","amount":5600,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WITTMAN, ROBERT J.","total":7585.5,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WITTMAN, ROBERT J.","amount":7585.5,"date":"2009-02-09","description":"MILEAGE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"wittman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WITTMAN, ROBERT J MR.","total":7542.3,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WITTMAN, ROBERT J MR.","amount":7542.3,"date":"2022-01-27","description":"MILEAGE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"wittman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, STEPHEN","total":7160,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, STEPHEN","amount":5570,"date":"2020-10-20","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARSTON, STEPHEN","amount":1590,"date":"2020-10-20","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARSTON"]},{"id":"P21_W000804_Consumer","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Consumer BUYs filed 55d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Consumer (17 buys vs 10 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Consumer","count":27,"avgGap":55,"buys":17,"sells":10},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":162,"avgGap":40}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_W000804_Telecom","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Telecom BUYs filed 50d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Telecom (6 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":8,"avgGap":50,"buys":6,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":162,"avgGap":40}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_W000804_Defense","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"52% of PAC dollars ($443,463) come from Defense industry","explanation":"Robert Wittman receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Defense issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Defense","amount":443463.3,"share":51.6,"totalPAC":859654.15,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Defense","amount":443463.3,"share":51.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":396418.85000000003,"share":46.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":8700,"share":1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":6072,"share":0.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_W000804","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"16% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 225 disclosed trades, 35 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":35,"total":225,"rate":15.6},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":2.42}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000804","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"Robert Wittman has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_W000804_GOOG_20220810","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $GOOG 1 day after a corporate insider (CHAVEZ R. MARTIN  (CIK 0001157983)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-08-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"CHAVEZ R. MARTIN  (CIK 0001157983)","filingDate":"2022-08-09","adsh":"0001209191-22-044943","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_AMZN_20221118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2022-11-17","adsh":"0000899243-22-036208","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_ABBV_20230928","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABBV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $ABBV 1 day after a corporate insider (GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)","filingDate":"2023-09-27","adsh":"0001415889-23-013605","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_AVGO_20230613","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $AVGO 1 day after a corporate insider (Kawwas Charlie B  (CIK 0001608425)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Kawwas Charlie B  (CIK 0001608425)","filingDate":"2023-06-12","adsh":"0001730168-23-000066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_CAT_20230928","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $CAT 1 day after a corporate insider (Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)","filingDate":"2023-09-27","adsh":"0001554795-23-000313","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_SPY_20220315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SPY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $SPY 1 day after a corporate insider (Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPY","filer":"Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)","filingDate":"2022-03-14","adsh":"0001654954-22-003095","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_RGLD_20210901","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RGLD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $RGLD 1 day after a corporate insider (Shefman Randy  (CIK 0001796187)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RGLD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RGLD","filer":"Shefman Randy  (CIK 0001796187)","filingDate":"2021-08-31","adsh":"0001562180-21-005673","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_GOOG_20230928","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $GOOG 2 days after a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2023-09-26","adsh":"0001209191-23-050610","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_MSFT_20230203","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PRITZKER PENNY S  (CIK 0001087398)","filingDate":"2023-02-01","adsh":"0001062993-23-001845","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_SBUX_20211216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SBUX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $SBUX 2 days after a corporate insider (Lis Angela  (CIK 0001831515)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Lis Angela  (CIK 0001831515)","filingDate":"2021-12-14","adsh":"0001127602-21-030945","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_SCHW_20200110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SCHW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $SCHW 3 days after a corporate insider (Ruffel Charles A.  (CIK 0001739929)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Ruffel Charles A.  (CIK 0001739929)","filingDate":"2020-01-07","adsh":"0001225208-20-000582","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_ANTM_20201016","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ANTM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $ANTM 3 days after a corporate insider (Haytaian Peter D  (CIK 0001608538)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANTM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANTM","filer":"Haytaian Peter D  (CIK 0001608538)","filingDate":"2020-10-13","adsh":"0001156039-20-000084","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_JNJ_20210913","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JNJ 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $JNJ 4 days after a corporate insider (WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)","filingDate":"2021-09-09","adsh":"0001225208-21-012179","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_KMB_20230731","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $KMB 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $KMB 4 days after a corporate insider (Melucci Jeffrey P.  (CIK 0001712554)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMB","filer":"Melucci Jeffrey P.  (CIK 0001712554)","filingDate":"2023-07-27","adsh":"0001225208-23-007704","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_ABT_20220315","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ABT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $ABT 5 days after a corporate insider (DALE MICHAEL D  (CIK 0001172346)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"DALE MICHAEL D  (CIK 0001172346)","filingDate":"2022-03-10","adsh":"0001415889-22-002844","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_W000804_CAT_20220329","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CAT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $CAT 5 days after a corporate insider (Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)","filingDate":"2022-03-24","adsh":"0001554795-22-000121","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_ELV_20230103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ELV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $ELV 1 day before a corporate insider (Norwood Felicia F  (CIK 0001743548)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Norwood Felicia F  (CIK 0001743548)","filingDate":"2023-01-04","adsh":"0001156039-23-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_KMB_20230731","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KMB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $KMB 1 day before a corporate insider (Hicks Zackery A  (CIK 0001757126)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMB","filer":"Hicks Zackery A  (CIK 0001757126)","filingDate":"2023-08-01","adsh":"0001225208-23-007810"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_EOG_20230928","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $EOG 1 day before a corporate insider (Leitzell Jeffrey R.  (CIK 0001862479)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EOG","filer":"Leitzell Jeffrey R.  (CIK 0001862479)","filingDate":"2023-09-29","adsh":"0001127602-23-024852"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_TGT_20200310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TGT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $TGT 1 day before a corporate insider (FIDDELKE MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001792920)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGT","filer":"FIDDELKE MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001792920)","filingDate":"2020-03-11","adsh":"0001225208-20-004854"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_SPY_20220315","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SPY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $SPY 1 day before a corporate insider (Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPY","filer":"Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)","filingDate":"2022-03-16","adsh":"0001654954-22-003224"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_WRK_20220927","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WRK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $WRK 1 day before a corporate insider (Achar Christopher K  (CIK 0001868312)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WRK","filer":"Achar Christopher K  (CIK 0001868312)","filingDate":"2022-09-28","adsh":"0001628945-22-000147"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_BSX_20201002","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BSX 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $BSX 3 days before a corporate insider (Pierce David A  (CIK 0001529751)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Pierce David A  (CIK 0001529751)","filingDate":"2020-10-05","adsh":"0001225208-20-012181"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_NEE_20211214","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $NEE 3 days before a corporate insider (YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)","filingDate":"2021-12-17","adsh":"0001020710-21-000105"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_UPS_20210514","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UPS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $UPS 3 days before a corporate insider (Hwang Angela  (CIK 0001725474)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UPS","filer":"Hwang Angela  (CIK 0001725474)","filingDate":"2021-05-17","adsh":"0001225208-21-008228"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_MRK_20200330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MRK 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $MRK 3 days before a corporate insider (GLOCER THOMAS H  (CIK 0001140799)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"GLOCER THOMAS H  (CIK 0001140799)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012716"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_ANTM_20201016","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ANTM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $ANTM 3 days before a corporate insider (Haytaian Peter D  (CIK 0001608538)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANTM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANTM","filer":"Haytaian Peter D  (CIK 0001608538)","filingDate":"2020-10-19","adsh":"0001156039-20-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_PGR_20210218","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PGR 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $PGR 4 days before a corporate insider (Griffith Susan Patricia  (CIK 0001198113)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Griffith Susan Patricia  (CIK 0001198113)","filingDate":"2021-02-22","adsh":"0001127602-21-007147"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_GOOG_20230928","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $GOOG 4 days before a corporate insider (MATHER ANN  (CIK 0001244892)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"MATHER ANN  (CIK 0001244892)","filingDate":"2023-10-02","adsh":"0001209191-23-051208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_LOW_20200521","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $LOW 5 days before a corporate insider (Corvi Carolyn  (CIK 0001465541)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"Corvi Carolyn  (CIK 0001465541)","filingDate":"2020-05-26","adsh":"0000899243-20-014218"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_DIS_20201120","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $DIS 5 days before a corporate insider (Mucha Zenia B.  (CIK 0001755138)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Mucha Zenia B.  (CIK 0001755138)","filingDate":"2020-11-25","adsh":"0001744489-20-000198"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_SCHW_20200110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SCHW 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $SCHW 5 days before a corporate insider (Craig Jonathan M.  (CIK 0001733065)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Craig Jonathan M.  (CIK 0001733065)","filingDate":"2020-01-15","adsh":"0001225208-20-000784"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_ABBV_20200227","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABBV 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $ABBV 5 days before a corporate insider (Hudson Thomas J  (CIK 0001781947)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"Hudson Thomas J  (CIK 0001781947)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001179110-20-002856"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_JPM_20230928","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JPM 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $JPM 5 days before a corporate insider (REINER GARY M  (CIK 0001233171)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"REINER GARY M  (CIK 0001233171)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001062993-23-018820"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_FB_20220128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FB 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $FB 5 days before a corporate insider (Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Ayers James W.  (CIK 0001684400)","filingDate":"2022-02-02","adsh":"0001649749-22-000020"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_PLD_20230928","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PLD 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $PLD 5 days before a corporate insider (Piani Olivier  (CIK 0001705208)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"Piani Olivier  (CIK 0001705208)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001209191-23-051755"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_SPY_20220616","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SPY 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $SPY 5 days before a corporate insider (Brooks Michael J  (CIK 0001779126)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPY","filer":"Brooks Michael J  (CIK 0001779126)","filingDate":"2022-06-21","adsh":"0001654954-22-008536"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_MA_20220915","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $MA 6 days before a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2022-09-21","adsh":"0001140361-22-034283"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_V_20210113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $V 6 days before a corporate insider (Versant Ventures V, LLC  (CIK 0001619298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Versant Ventures V, LLC  (CIK 0001619298)","filingDate":"2021-01-19","adsh":"0000899243-21-002407"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_SBUX_20220510","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SBUX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman sell $SBUX 6 days before a corporate insider (SCHULTZ HOWARD D  (CIK 0000901737)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"SCHULTZ HOWARD D  (CIK 0000901737)","filingDate":"2022-05-16","adsh":"0001127602-22-014672"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_AAPL_20220128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Wittman buy $AAPL 6 days before a corporate insider (LOZANO MONICA C  (CIK 0001179864)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"LOZANO MONICA C  (CIK 0001179864)","filingDate":"2022-02-03","adsh":"0000320193-22-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000804_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+7 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Robert Wittman accumulated 32 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 7 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":7,"totalRaw":32}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P45_W000804","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"12% of stock trades (26 of 225) in major federal contractors — top: CVS ($41B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Robert Wittman concentrated 12% of their stock-trading activity (26 of 225 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $130B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"CVS","totalContracts":40572588812.29001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":8},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LOW","totalContracts":45560278142.38001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":3},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"FIS","totalContracts":13905065375.91,"agency":"Department of Homeland Security","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"MCD","totalContracts":20990522135.58,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"HON","totalContracts":9270708946.880001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":26,"totalStockTrades":225,"concentrationPct":12,"distinctContractors":12,"topExposure":130299163413.04002}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000804_2021-12-07_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NOC 9 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Robert Wittman delivered a 398-word floor speech on 2021-12-07 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank Mr. ROGERS for yielding. Madam Speaker, our national secu- rity is in jeopardy. Russia literally has over 100,000 troops sitting on Ukraine’s doorstep. Iran continues to threate…\"). The member sell $NOC (a Defense-sector stock) 9 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-12-07","chamber":"House","wordCount":398,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank Mr. ROGERS for yielding. Madam Speaker, our national secu- rity is in jeopardy. Russia literally has over 100,000 troops sitting on Ukraine’s doorstep. Iran continues to threate","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/07/167/211/CREC-2021-12-07-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/12/07/167/211/CREC-2021-12-07-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000804_2020-12-17_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CVS 14 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Robert Wittman delivered a 318-word floor speech on 2020-12-17 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Madam Speaker, H.R. 6535 would amend the Indian Health Care Improve- ment Act to extend Federal Tort Claims Act coverage to urban Indian Ver…\"). The member sell $CVS (a Healthcare-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-12-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":318,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Madam Speaker, H.R. 6535 would amend the Indian Health Care Improve- ment Act to extend Federal Tort Claims Act coverage to urban Indian Ver","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/12/17/166/214/CREC-2020-12-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/12/17/166/214/CREC-2020-12-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000804_2019-09-09_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UPS 5 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Robert Wittman delivered a 275-word floor speech on 2019-09-09 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"The bill simply, but importantly, re- authorizes the DERA program through 2024. This program was established by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. It is a vol- untary program, administered by the EPA, tha…\"). The member buy $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 5 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-09-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":275,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"The bill simply, but importantly, re- authorizes the DERA program through 2024. This program was established by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. It is a vol- untary program, administered by the EPA, tha","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/09/09/CREC-2019-09-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/09/09/CREC-2019-09-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000804_2016-05-18_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 12 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Robert Wittman delivered a 482-word floor speech on 2016-05-18 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I want to reiterate the importance of making sure that we are funding defense at the President’s request. The FY 2017 re- quest, I think, is minimally adequate, but it is not just me. Th…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 12 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-05-18","chamber":"House","wordCount":482,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I want to reiterate the importance of making sure that we are funding defense at the President’s request. The FY 2017 re- quest, I think, is minimally adequate, but it is not just me. Th","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/18/162/79/CREC-2016-05-18-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/18/162/79/CREC-2016-05-18-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000804_2016-04-28_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BA 7 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Robert Wittman delivered a 204-word floor speech on 2016-04-28 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to highlight a momentous event: the 75th anniversary celebration of the United States Army Officer Candidate School. The Army Officer Candidate School program was established…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 7 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-04-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":204,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to highlight a momentous event: the 75th anniversary celebration of the United States Army Officer Candidate School. The Army Officer Candidate School program was established","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/04/28/162/66/CREC-2016-04-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-06"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/04/28/162/66/CREC-2016-04-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000804_2015-10-01_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 16 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Robert Wittman delivered a 385-word floor speech on 2015-10-01 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to ask Congress to vote in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY16. I am proud that this con- ference report takes significant steps towards rebuilding our m…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 16 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-10-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":385,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today to ask Congress to vote in favor of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY16. I am proud that this con- ference report takes significant steps towards rebuilding our m","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/10/01/CREC-2015-10-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/10/01/CREC-2015-10-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_W000804_2015-09-18_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 3 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Robert Wittman delivered a 251-word floor speech on 2015-09-18 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise in support today of the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act. I would like to thank the chairman and Mr. FRANKS for their leadership on this issue. This issue is very per…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 3 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-09-18","chamber":"House","wordCount":251,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise in support today of the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act. I would like to thank the chairman and Mr. FRANKS for their leadership on this issue. This issue is very per","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/09/18/CREC-2015-09-18-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-23"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/09/18/CREC-2015-09-18-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_W000804","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $14,772","explanation":"Robert Wittman received campaign contributions totaling $14,772 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EXCHANGE, LLC ($8,700); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($6,072).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":14772,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"GLOBAL EXCHANGE CONNECTION LLC","ldaClient":"GLOBAL HEALTHCARE EXCHANGE, LLC","donorTotal":8700,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":6072,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_W000804_2015-09-11","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"36 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2015-09-11 — 36 unique tickers","explanation":"Robert Wittman executed 36 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2015-09-11 to 2015-09-15), spanning 36 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2015-09-11","windowEnd":"2015-09-15","tradeCount":36,"uniqueTickers":36,"totalDisclosedTrades":225,"sampleTickers":["XLS","CL","JNJ","NEE","VFC","AAPL","T","UNP","PFE","BMY"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000804","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 79 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Robert Wittman appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 79 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (16); coordinated trade cluster (12); speech advocacy trade (7); reg rule trade proximity (6).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":79,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":16},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":12},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":2},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000804","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_W000804","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Wittman named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.7M total receipts) — top: WITTMAN VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Robert Wittman appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: WITTMAN VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00678854, $2.7M receipts, treasurer MARSTON, CHRIS). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.68,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00678854","name":"WITTMAN VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":2682691.1999999997,"treasurer":"MARSTON, CHRIS","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00678854/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00678854/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00678854/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_W000804","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Wittman draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.4M PAC / $35.0M total)","explanation":"Robert Wittman's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.4M of $35.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.05,"pacSharePct":38.4,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8VA01147"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8VA01147/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_W000804","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Wittman executed 8 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL WMT (0d apart)","explanation":"Robert Wittman has 8 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL WMT 2022-06-16 → 2022-06-16 (0d) · SELL→BUY WMT 2022-06-16 → 2022-07-15 (29d) · SELL→BUY BAX 2022-06-16 → 2022-07-15 (29d) · SELL→BUY TJX 2022-06-16 → 2022-07-15 (29d) · SELL→BUY ABT 2022-06-16 → 2022-07-15 (29d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":8,"samples":[{"ticker":"WMT","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-06-16","date2":"2022-06-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WMT","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-06-16","date2":"2022-07-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BAX","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-06-16","date2":"2022-07-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TJX","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-06-16","date2":"2022-07-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ABT","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-06-16","date2":"2022-07-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","days":9,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-01-05","date2":"2022-01-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"T","days":7,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-12-09","date2":"2021-12-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CVS","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-29","date2":"2018-12-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_W000804","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Wittman triggers 17 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Robert Wittman accumulates 17 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":17,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_W000804_2015-09-15","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Wittman — 35 trades on 2015-09-15","explanation":"Robert Wittman disclosed 35 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2015-09-15). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2015-09-15","count":35}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_W000804","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Wittman — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (225/225)","explanation":"Robert Wittman's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":225,"atBracket":225,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_W000804","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Wittman — 118 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Robert Wittman has traded 118 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":118,"sample":["AMZN","WMT","JPM","UNH","HIG","MSFT","AAPL","CAT","PLD","GOOG"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_W000804_ChesapeakeBayAccount","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Wittman sponsored \"Chesapeake Bay Accountability and Recovery Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Robert Wittman has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Chesapeake Bay Accountability and Recovery Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001148":[{"id":"P3_S001148_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 6 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":6,"sells":0,"netBuy":6,"total":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_S001148_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$883,863 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $883,863 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":883863.22,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P6_S001148_vajj4p","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$347,805 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Dental Association Independent  (also direct donor)","explanation":"American Dental Association Independent Expenditures Committee spent $347,805 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488338","name":"American Dental Association Independent Expenditures Committee","support":347805,"oppose":0,"events":7},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"AMERICAN DENTAL PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488338/"]},{"id":"P6_S001148_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$299,197 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $299,197 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":299197,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_S001148_d0n2is","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$289,644 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Citizens for Responsible Energy Solution","explanation":"Citizens for Responsible Energy Solutions Inc. spent $289,644 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90014838","name":"Citizens for Responsible Energy Solutions Inc.","support":289643.77,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90014838/"]},{"id":"P7_S001148_thphy2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $986,101 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $986,101 opposing this member across 104 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":986100.5499999999,"totalSupport":1941609.99,"events":104,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":477469.61000000004},{"name":"America Proud PAC","oppose":358027.08},{"name":"Madison Action Fund","oppose":74975},{"name":"SNAKE RIVER CITIZENS FOR LIBERTY PAC, INC.","oppose":69699},{"name":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","oppose":5139}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001148_9p3nx2","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,019 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $92,019 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":92018.72,"oppose":0,"net":92018.72,"events":31,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":65917.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":13610.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70005764","name":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION NRECA","support":6342.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":4402.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1220.13,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001148_6r0qt","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $727,044 / spent $708,723","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00461996","cmteName":"SAWTOOTH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SAWTOOTH PAC)","year":"2010","totalReceipts":58050,"totalDisbursements":48305.5,"cashOnHand":9744.52},{"cmteId":"C00461996","cmteName":"SAWTOOTH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SAWTOOTH PAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":130250,"totalDisbursements":134991.1,"cashOnHand":5003.47},{"cmteId":"C00461996","cmteName":"SAWTOOTH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SAWTOOTH PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":147244.3,"totalDisbursements":138114.4,"cashOnHand":23749.04},{"cmteId":"C00461996","cmteName":"SAWTOOTH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SAWTOOTH PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":92700,"totalDisbursements":80951.3,"cashOnHand":35497.72},{"cmteId":"C00461996","cmteName":"SAWTOOTH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SAWTOOTH PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":101800,"totalDisbursements":118202.9,"cashOnHand":19094.78}],"totalRaised":727044.3,"totalSpent":708722.9999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001148_luxafe","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $129,000 in itemized individual contributions, $116,200 (90%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":129000,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":1500,"$500-$999":3500,"$1000-$1999":7800,"$2000 and over":116200},"megaShare":90.1,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001148_AZN_2014-04-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AZN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-04-25 and 2014-05-01, 3 members took the same direction on AZN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AZN","date":"2014-04-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AZN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"C001071","name":"Bob Corker"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2014-04-25 to 2014-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001148_AAL_2021-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-03-16 and 2021-03-23, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-03-16","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000590","name":"Mark E. Green"},{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"F000246","name":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon"}],"span":"2021-03-16 to 2021-03-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001148_AAL_2021-03-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-03-18 and 2021-03-24, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-03-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"F000246","name":"Patrick “Pat” Fallon"},{"bioguideId":"G000590","name":"Mark E. Green"}],"span":"2021-03-18 to 2021-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001148_BA_2020-03-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-25 and 2020-03-27, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on BA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-03-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"R000307","name":"Pat Roberts"},{"bioguideId":"C001120","name":"Dan Crenshaw"}],"span":"2020-03-25 to 2020-03-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001148_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael “Mike” Simpson executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2023-03-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TROW","date":"2022-08-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TROW","date":"2020-06-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Determination Regarding Excepted Foreign States","agency":"Treasury Department, Investment Security Office","date":"2023-02-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 25B, 36, 37, and 38","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2022-07-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001148_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael “Mike” Simpson executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-03-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UAL","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Montana Rail Link, Inc.-Petition for Rulemaking-Classification of Carriers","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Exclusion of Demurrage Regulation From Certain Class Exemptions","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001148_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael “Mike” Simpson executed 3 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PDS","date":"2021-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PDS","date":"2021-01-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","date":"2020-03-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-12-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-12-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001148_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Michael “Mike” Simpson executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-03-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking and Importing Marine Mammals; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to U.S. Navy Construction Activities at Naval Weap","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001148_vektcj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson campaign paid $2,282,543 to 42 surname-matched vendors, top: GUMBINNER DAVIES & SIMPSON","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson's campaign paid 148 disbursements totaling $2,282,543 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GUMBINNER DAVIES & SIMPSON","total":561466.15,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"GUMBINNER DAVIES & SIMPSON","amount":98821.9,"date":"2014-11-04","description":"MAIL- OH INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE- OH SBE- SUPPORT BRUNS","surnameMatched":"simpson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"GUMBINNER DAVIES & SIMPSON","amount":65864.51,"date":"2014-10-23","description":"MAIL- OH INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE- OH SBE- SUPPORT BRUNS","surnameMatched":"simpson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"GUMBINNER DAVIES & SIMPSON","amount":54370.38,"date":"2014-09-19","description":"NON-FEDERAL DISBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"simpson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GUMBINNER DAVIES AND SIMPSON","total":234624.46999999997,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GUMBINNER DAVIES AND SIMPSON","amount":186654.08,"date":"2014-11-20","description":"NON-ELECTION-INFLUENCING ISSUE-ORIENTED DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION AND POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"simpson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"GUMBINNER DAVIES AND SIMPSON","amount":47970.39,"date":"2014-10-23","description":"NON-ELECTION-INFLUENCING ISSUE-ORIENTED ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"simpson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SIMPSON, MEGAN","total":186446.79,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"SIMPSON, MEGAN","amount":64520.15,"date":"2022-12-08","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"simpson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SIMPSON, MEGAN","amount":19572.02,"date":"2022-01-13","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"simpson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SIMPSON, MEGAN","amount":15746.32,"date":"2021-10-01","description":"REIMBURSEMENT - SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"simpson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRADSHAW, SALLY","total":127250,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"BRADSHAW, SALLY","amount":25000,"date":"2015-07-08","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BRADSHAW, SALLY","amount":15000,"date":"2015-05-26","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BRADSHAW, SALLY","amount":15000,"date":"2015-05-01","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DEMOCRATS FOR BRADSHAW","total":125905,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"DEMOCRATS FOR BRADSHAW","amount":20000,"date":"1980-10-15","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1980},{"payee":"DEMOCRATS FOR BRADSHAW","amount":17000,"date":"1980-07-11","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1980},{"payee":"DEMOCRATS FOR BRADSHAW","amount":15000,"date":"1980-09-05","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1980}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRADSHAW, SARA","total":119457.87,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"BRADSHAW, SARA","amount":10000,"date":"2015-05-26","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BRADSHAW, SARA","amount":10000,"date":"2015-05-01","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BRADSHAW, SARA","amount":10000,"date":"2015-03-16","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bradshaw","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GUMBINNER%20DAVIES%20%26%20SIMPSON"]},{"id":"P32_S001148","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"22% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.5× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 135 disclosed trades, 30 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.5× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":30,"total":135,"rate":22.2},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.45}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001148","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P44_S001148_Shoshone_Bannock_Tribes_2025","pattern_type":"P44_EARMARK_TO_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earmarked $7000K to Shoshone-Bannock Tribes — also a $3,300 campaign donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson directed a $7,000,000 Agriculture earmark in FY2025 to Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (73 Navajo Drive ,Fort Hall,Idaho,83203) for \"Shoshone-Bannock Tribal Health and Human Services Facility\". The same recipient (or a closely-named entity) appears in the member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. Earmarks-for-donations is the canonical pay-to-play pattern; the public-interest test is whether the project would have been funded absent the donor relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"earmark","recipient":"Shoshone-Bannock Tribes","project":"Shoshone-Bannock Tribal Health and Human Services Facility","amount":7000000,"year":2025,"subcommittee":"Agriculture","district":"ID02","location":"73 Navajo Drive ,Fort Hall,Idaho,83203","sourceUrl":"https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx"},{"source":"donor","name":"BANNOCK, SHOSHONE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"ID","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?two_year_transaction_period=2024&recipient_name=BANNOCK%2C%20SHOSHONE"}],"citations":["https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BANNOCK%2C%20SHOSHONE"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Red_Lake_Band_of_Chippewa_Indi_119057","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-17 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)\". The witness Darrell Seki (Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119057","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-17T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Darrell Seki","witnessOrg":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Prairie_Island_Indian_Communit_119057","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Prairie Island Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-17 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)\". The witness Grant Johnson (Prairie Island Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119057","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-17T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Grant Johnson","witnessOrg":"Prairie Island Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Gila_River_Indian_Community_119057","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gila River Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-17 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)\". The witness Stephen Lewis (Gila River Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119057","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-17T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Stephen Lewis","witnessOrg":"Gila River Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_The_Choctaw_Nation_of_Oklahoma_119057","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-17 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)\". The witness Stacy Shepherd (The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119057","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 1, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-17T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Stacy Shepherd","witnessOrg":"The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATION OF OKLAHOMA, CHOCTAW","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"OK","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATION%20OF%20OKLAHOMA%2C%20CHOCTAW"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119057","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATION%20OF%20OKLAHOMA%2C%20CHOCTAW"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Jamestown_S_Klallam_Tribe_119061","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session…\". The witness Loni Greninger (Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119061","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)","date":"2026-03-18T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Loni Greninger","witnessOrg":"Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061"},{"source":"donor","name":"S'KLALLAM TRIBE, JAMESTOWN","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=S'KLALLAM%20TRIBE%2C%20JAMESTOWN"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=S'KLALLAM%20TRIBE%2C%20JAMESTOWN"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Fort_Belknap_Indian_Community_119060","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Fort Belknap Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Morning Session)\". The witness Cody Shambo (Fort Belknap Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119060","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-18T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Cody Shambo","witnessOrg":"Fort Belknap Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119060"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119060","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Prairie_Island_Indian_Communit_117917","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Prairie Island Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Grant Johnson (Prairie Island Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117917","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Grant Johnson","witnessOrg":"Prairie Island Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Tulalip_Tribes_117917","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tulalip Tribes testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Glen Gobin (Tulalip Tribes) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117917","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Glen Gobin","witnessOrg":"Tulalip Tribes","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE TULALIP, TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20TULALIP%2C%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20TULALIP%2C%20TRIBES%20OF%20WASHINGTON"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Fort_Belknap_Indian_Community_117914","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Fort Belknap Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Jeffrey Stiffarm (Fort Belknap Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117914","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Jeffrey Stiffarm","witnessOrg":"Fort Belknap Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Red_Lake_Band_Chippewa_Indians_117914","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Red Lake Band Chippewa Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Darrell Seki (Red Lake Band Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117914","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Darrell Seki","witnessOrg":"Red Lake Band Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_United_Keetoowah_Band_of_Chero_117914","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Jeff Wacoche (United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117914","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Jeff Wacoche","witnessOrg":"United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Colusa_Indian_Community_Counci_117914","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Colusa Indian Community Council testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Ken Ahmann (Colusa Indian Community Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117914","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Ken Ahmann","witnessOrg":"Colusa Indian Community Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Gila_River_Indian_Community_117916","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gila River Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Stephen Lewis (Gila River Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117916","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Stephen Lewis","witnessOrg":"Gila River Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Metlakatla_Indian_Community_117916","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Metlakatla Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness David Boxley (Metlakatla Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117916","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"David Boxley","witnessOrg":"Metlakatla Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_India_117916","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Michell Hicks (Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117916","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Michell Hicks","witnessOrg":"Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117916","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Choctaw_Nation_of_Oklahoma_117214","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Stacy Shepherd (Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117214","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Stacy Shepherd","witnessOrg":"Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATION OF OKLAHOMA, CHOCTAW","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"OK","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATION%20OF%20OKLAHOMA%2C%20CHOCTAW"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATION%20OF%20OKLAHOMA%2C%20CHOCTAW"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Morongo_Band_of_Mission_Indian_117214","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Charles Martin (Morongo Band of Mission Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117214","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Charles Martin","witnessOrg":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Red_Lake_Band_of_Chippewa_Indi_117626","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies, which on 2024-09-11 held a hearing titled \"Joint House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Age…\". The witness The Honorable Darrell Seki Sr. (Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117626","title":"Joint House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies and House Agriculture Subcommittee on Nutrition, Foreign Agriculture, and Horticulture Oversight Hearing on Severe Food Distribution Shortages in Tribal and Elderly Communities","date":"2024-09-11T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Darrell Seki Sr.","witnessOrg":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117626"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117626","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Pokagon_Band_of_Potawatomi_Ind_115665","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-04-28 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing – Tribal Perspectives on Housing and Transportation\". The witness Alex Wesaw (Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115665","title":"Oversight Hearing – Tribal Perspectives on Housing and Transportation","date":"2023-04-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Alex Wesaw","witnessOrg":"Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115665"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115665","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Morongo_Band_of_Mission_Indian_115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Charles Martin (Morongo Band of Mission Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Charles Martin","witnessOrg":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Robinson_Rancheria_Band_of_Pom_115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Beniakem Cromwell (Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Beniakem Cromwell","witnessOrg":"Robinson Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Ak_Chin_Indian_Community_115413","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ak-Chin Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Robert Miguel (Ak-Chin Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115413","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Robert Miguel","witnessOrg":"Ak-Chin Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115413"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115413","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Gila_River_Indian_Community_115412","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gila River Indian Community testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-08 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1\". The witness Stephen Roe Lewis (Gila River Indian Community) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115412","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1","date":"2023-03-08T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Stephen Roe Lewis","witnessOrg":"Gila River Indian Community","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115412"},{"source":"donor","name":"AK-CHIN,, INDIAN COMMUNITY","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"AZ","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115412","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AK-CHIN%2C%2C%20INDIAN%20COMMUNITY"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_Red_Lake_Band_of_Chippewa_Indi_115412","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-08 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1\". The witness Darrell Seki (Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115412","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1","date":"2023-03-08T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Darrell Seki","witnessOrg":"Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115412"},{"source":"donor","name":"AGUA CALIENTE BAND, OF CHUILLA INDIANS","total":6600,"count":2,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115412","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND%2C%20OF%20CHUILLA%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P58_S001148","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$92K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 72% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson received $92,018.72 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($65,917.76 = 72%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":92018.72,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":5262.59,"2012":4759.1,"2014":65386.56999999999,"2016":4402.68,"2020":7167.639999999999,"2022":5631.490000000001},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":65917.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":13610.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005764","name":"NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION NRECA","support":6342.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005764/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":4402.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1220.13,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S001148","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $156,200","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson received campaign contributions totaling $156,200 from 23 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD EN ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":23,"totalDollars":156200,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"DEALERS ELECTION COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HEWLETT-PACKARD  PAC","ldaClient":"SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE CO.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BUILD PAC-NATIONAL HOME BUILDERS","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_S001148_2021-01-11","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"34 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-01-11 — 19 unique tickers","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson executed 34 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-01-11 to 2021-01-13), spanning 19 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-01-11","windowEnd":"2021-01-13","tradeCount":34,"uniqueTickers":19,"totalDisclosedTrades":135,"sampleTickers":["PDS","MJDLF","TSCDF","CIG","AUY","ERIC","EQNR","NEM","TKC","GOLD"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001148","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 52 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 52 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (28); ie support concentration (4); coordinated trade cluster (4); reg rule trade proximity (4); vote trade alignment (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":52,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":28},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001148","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001148","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson's campaign paid $1,412,897 to 20 surname-matched vendors — top: GUMBINNER DAVIES & SIMPSON ($561,466)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 62 payments totaling $1,412,897 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GUMBINNER DAVIES & SIMPSON ($561,466 across 11 payments, services: MAIL- OH INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE- OH SBE- SUPPORT BRUNS · NON-FEDERAL DISBURSEMENT · MAIL- OH INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE- OH SBE- SUPPORT REDFERN). Cycles covered: 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1412896.7600000005,"paymentCount":62,"payeeCount":20,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GUMBINNER DAVIES & SIMPSON","total":561466.15,"count":11,"descriptions":["MAIL- OH INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE- OH SBE- SUPPORT BRUNS","NON-FEDERAL DISBURSEMENT","MAIL- OH INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE- OH SBE- SUPPORT REDFERN"]},{"payee":"GUMBINNER DAVIES AND SIMPSON","total":234624.46999999997,"count":2,"descriptions":["NON-ELECTION-INFLUENCING ISSUE-ORIENTED DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION AND POSTAGE","NON-ELECTION-INFLUENCING ISSUE-ORIENTED ADVERTISING PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"SIMPSON, MEGAN","total":170700.47000000003,"count":13,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","CONS./POLITICAL STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT"]},{"payee":"M SIMPSON CONSULTING","total":117263.9,"count":12,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES","DIGITAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"SIMPSON, DOUGLAS MR.","total":60647.22,"count":4,"descriptions":["GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","REIMB FOR MEDIA ADS"]}],"surname":"simpson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8ID02064&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_S001148","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.6M across 30 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson's FEC-bulk record shows $19.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 30 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $30.8M (PAC: $19.6M, individual: $10.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.63,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.8,"lifetimeIndividualM":10.58,"cycleCount":30,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8ID02064"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8ID02064/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001148","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson draws 64% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.6M PAC / $30.8M total)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson's FEC-bulk record shows 64% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.6M of $30.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.63,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.8,"pacSharePct":63.7,"cycleCount":30,"fecId":"H8ID02064"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8ID02064/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_S001148","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY QQXT (0d apart)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY QQXT 2016-02-02 → 2016-02-02 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"QQXT","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2016-02-02","date2":"2016-02-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001148","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":21}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001148_2021-01-13","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson — 17 trades on 2021-01-13","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson disclosed 17 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-01-13). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-01-13","count":17}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_S001148","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (135/135)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":135,"atBracket":135,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001148","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson — 71 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson has traded 71 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":71,"sample":["USB","TROW","FDN","AAL","TKC","VIV.V","PDS","TSCDF","BHP","NEM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S001148_NinthCircuitCourtofA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sponsored \"Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Judgeship and Reorganization \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S001148_CentralIdahoEconomic","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Simpson sponsored \"Central Idaho Economic Development and Recreation Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Central Idaho Economic Development and Recreation Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P47_S001148_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more P47 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Simpson accumulated 28 P47 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 3 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P47","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":3,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001148"]}],"M001180":[{"id":"P3_M001180_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 11 BUYS vs 5 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":11,"sells":5,"netBuy":6,"total":16}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001180_o9a2m3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,600 donation spike on 2013-03-31 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-31 this committee recorded $97,600 across 73 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,101.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473132","date":"2013-03-31","amount":97600,"count":73,"baseline":8101,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473132/"]},{"id":"P15_M001180_orxnfc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,333 donation spike on 2021-11-12 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-12 this committee recorded $95,333 across 58 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,163.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473132","date":"2021-11-12","amount":95333,"count":58,"baseline":8163,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473132/"]},{"id":"P15_M001180_9kwfg3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,350 donation spike on 2014-02-04 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-02-04 this committee recorded $94,350 across 107 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,536.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473132","date":"2014-02-04","amount":94350,"count":107,"baseline":7536,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473132/"]},{"id":"P15_M001180_orxnfd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,450 donation spike on 2021-11-11 — 16.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-11 this committee recorded $84,450 across 45 contributions — 16.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,176.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473132","date":"2021-11-11","amount":84450,"count":45,"baseline":5176,"ratio":16.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473132/"]},{"id":"P15_M001180_w3fp45","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,900 donation spike on 2012-03-21 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-21 this committee recorded $83,900 across 103 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,818.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473132","date":"2012-03-21","amount":83900,"count":103,"baseline":9818,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473132/"]},{"id":"P15_M001180_hfjxhr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,725 donation spike on 2011-11-18 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-11-18 this committee recorded $81,725 across 107 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,204.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473132","date":"2011-11-18","amount":81725,"count":107,"baseline":13204,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473132/"]},{"id":"P15_M001180_a40lue","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,550 donation spike on 2022-05-18 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-18 this committee recorded $77,550 across 28 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,628.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473132","date":"2022-05-18","amount":77550,"count":28,"baseline":6628,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473132/"]},{"id":"P15_M001180_53ihtz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,600 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $73,600 across 51 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,521.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473132","date":"2015-03-31","amount":73600,"count":51,"baseline":6521,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473132/"]},{"id":"P17_M001180_CACI_2020-03-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CACI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-23 and 2020-03-26, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on CACI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CACI","date":"2020-03-23","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CACI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-03-23 to 2020-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_PM_2018-12-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-10 and 2018-12-17, 4 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"}],"span":"2018-12-10 to 2018-12-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_PM_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-19, 4 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_PM_2018-12-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-13 and 2018-12-19, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"}],"span":"2018-12-13 to 2018-12-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_PM_2018-12-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-17 and 2018-12-21, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-12-17 to 2018-12-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_SYY_2020-03-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-20 and 2020-03-27, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-03-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2020-03-20 to 2020-03-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_SYY_2020-03-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-23 and 2020-03-30, 3 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-03-23","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2020-03-23 to 2020-03-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_SYY_2020-04-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-27 and 2020-05-01, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-04-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-04-27 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_SYY_2020-04-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-28 and 2020-05-01, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-04-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-04-28 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_SYY_2020-04-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-29 and 2020-05-01, 3 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-04-29","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-04-29 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_UTX_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-07, 3 members took the same direction on UTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTX","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_TMO_2020-03-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-23 and 2020-03-24, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2020-03-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000397","name":"Zoe Lofgren"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-03-23 to 2020-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_CNC_2022-09-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CNC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-09-21 and 2022-09-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CNC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","date":"2022-09-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CNC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"H001086","name":"Diana Harshbarger"}],"span":"2022-09-21 to 2022-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_DLTR_2020-03-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-05 and 2020-03-09, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on DLTR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLTR","date":"2020-03-05","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DLTR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"}],"span":"2020-03-05 to 2020-03-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 5 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001180_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001180_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David B. McKinley executed 8 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2022-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2021-02-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2020-08-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2020-04-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Debt Collection Authorities Under the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Fiscal Service","date":"2022-08-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Financial Crimes Enforcement Network; Inflation Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties","agency":"Treasury Department, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network","date":"2021-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001180_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David B. McKinley executed 24 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-09-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2021-09-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2021-08-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2021-08-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Improving Competitive Broadband Access to Multiple Tenant Environments","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2022-08-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Designation of Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-08-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001180_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David B. McKinley executed 7 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2021-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-08-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-08-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Statement of Policy on Waiving Ground Safety Regulations at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Vandenberg Air Force Base,","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-04-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking and Importing Marine Mammals; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to the U.S. Navy Training and Testing Activities i","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-07-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_M001180_Consumer","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Consumer BUYs filed 52d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Consumer (44 buys vs 32 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Consumer","count":76,"avgGap":52,"buys":44,"sells":32},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":279,"avgGap":40}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_M001180_AAPL_20200323","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David B. McKinley executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001180_JPM_20181217","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2018-Q4 while JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"David B. McKinley executed a sell in JPM during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-17","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_ACN_20200430","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ACN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $ACN 1 day after a corporate insider (McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"McClure Kathleen R  (CIK 0001764707)","filingDate":"2020-04-29","adsh":"0001467373-20-000185","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_AVGO_20210916","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $AVGO 1 day after a corporate insider (LIEN JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"LIEN JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2021-09-15","adsh":"0001730168-21-000133","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_TMO_20200430","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $TMO 1 day after a corporate insider (CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"CASPER MARC N  (CIK 0001216055)","filingDate":"2020-04-29","adsh":"0001127602-20-014672","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_CERN_20210512","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CERN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $CERN 1 day after a corporate insider (Erceg Mark J  (CIK 0001580700)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CERN","filer":"Erceg Mark J  (CIK 0001580700)","filingDate":"2021-05-11","adsh":"0001209191-21-031605","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_ACN_20210819","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $ACN 2 days after a corporate insider (Etheredge James O  (CIK 0001786092)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Etheredge James O  (CIK 0001786092)","filingDate":"2021-08-17","adsh":"0001467373-21-000191","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_ABT_20200430","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ABT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $ABT 2 days after a corporate insider (Kumbier Michelle  (CIK 0001640036)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Kumbier Michelle  (CIK 0001640036)","filingDate":"2020-04-28","adsh":"0001179110-20-005181","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_UNH_20220707","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $UNH 2 days after a corporate insider (MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)","filingDate":"2022-07-05","adsh":"0001209191-22-040767","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_ATVI_20200820","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ATVI 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $ATVI 2 days after a corporate insider (YANG JESSE  (CIK 0001811303)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATVI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATVI","filer":"YANG JESSE  (CIK 0001811303)","filingDate":"2020-08-18","adsh":"0001352027-20-000065","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_CERN_20210324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CERN 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $CERN 2 days after a corporate insider (Dillman Linda M  (CIK 0001492980)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CERN","filer":"Dillman Linda M  (CIK 0001492980)","filingDate":"2021-03-22","adsh":"0001209191-21-022392","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_INTU_20210819","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $INTU 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $INTU 3 days after a corporate insider (Clatterbuck Michelle M  (CIK 0001730247)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTU","filer":"Clatterbuck Michelle M  (CIK 0001730247)","filingDate":"2021-08-16","adsh":"0000896878-21-000198","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_SBUX_20200323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SBUX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $SBUX 3 days after a corporate insider (Nadella Satya  (CIK 0001513142)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Nadella Satya  (CIK 0001513142)","filingDate":"2020-03-20","adsh":"0001127602-20-011668","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_SPGI_20200309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SPGI 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $SPGI 4 days after a corporate insider (Matturri Alexander JR  (CIK 0001606963)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPGI","filer":"Matturri Alexander JR  (CIK 0001606963)","filingDate":"2020-03-05","adsh":"0000064040-20-000078","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_AAPL_20200828","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $AAPL 4 days after a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2020-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-20-000064","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_RPM_20200825","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RPM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $RPM 4 days after a corporate insider (SULLIVAN FRANK C  (CIK 0001224025)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RPM","filer":"SULLIVAN FRANK C  (CIK 0001224025)","filingDate":"2020-08-21","adsh":"0001209191-20-047930","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_COST_20200309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COST 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $COST 4 days after a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-03-05","adsh":"0001567619-20-005754","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_SYY_20200825","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SYY 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $SYY 4 days after a corporate insider (SHIRLEY EDWARD D  (CIK 0001203097)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYY","filer":"SHIRLEY EDWARD D  (CIK 0001203097)","filingDate":"2020-08-21","adsh":"0000096021-20-000095","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_CERN_20210222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CERN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $CERN 4 days after a corporate insider (ZOLLARS WILLIAM D  (CIK 0001085324)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CERN","filer":"ZOLLARS WILLIAM D  (CIK 0001085324)","filingDate":"2021-02-18","adsh":"0001209191-21-011792","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_WM_20200323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $WM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $WM 5 days after a corporate insider (Ross Jack J.  (CIK 0001469109)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WM","filer":"Ross Jack J.  (CIK 0001469109)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0001104659-20-035356","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_EL_20200601","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $EL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $EL 5 days after a corporate insider (Presidio Management Group X LLC  (CIK 0001602744)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"Presidio Management Group X LLC  (CIK 0001602744)","filingDate":"2020-05-27","adsh":"0001548538-20-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_MSFT_20200309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $MSFT 5 days after a corporate insider (Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001626431-20-000018","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_GPN_20210222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GPN 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $GPN 5 days after a corporate insider (WOODS M TROY  (CIK 0001181991)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GPN","filer":"WOODS M TROY  (CIK 0001181991)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006319","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_ROP_20200601","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ROP 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $ROP 5 days after a corporate insider (FORT JOHN F III  (CIK 0001065605)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"FORT JOHN F III  (CIK 0001065605)","filingDate":"2020-05-27","adsh":"0001209191-20-032292","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_FISV_20210222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FISV 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $FISV 5 days after a corporate insider (Chiarello Guy  (CIK 0001654667)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FISV","filer":"Chiarello Guy  (CIK 0001654667)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001209191-21-011319","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_SWK_20220921","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SWK 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $SWK 5 days after a corporate insider (Staggs Joe David JR  (CIK 0001946414)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SWK","filer":"Staggs Joe David JR  (CIK 0001946414)","filingDate":"2022-09-16","adsh":"0000947871-22-000977","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_RTX_20200413","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RTX 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $RTX 5 days after a corporate insider (Kennedy Thomas A  (CIK 0001495635)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTX","filer":"Kennedy Thomas A  (CIK 0001495635)","filingDate":"2020-04-08","adsh":"0000947871-20-000333","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001180_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+1 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"David B. McKinley accumulated 26 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_EL_20200430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $EL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $EL 1 day before a corporate insider (El-Hibri Fuad  (CIK 0001380185)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EL","filer":"El-Hibri Fuad  (CIK 0001380185)","filingDate":"2020-05-01","adsh":"0000899243-20-011765"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_GPN_20200430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GPN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $GPN 1 day before a corporate insider (BALDWIN ROBERT H B JR  (CIK 0001331716)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GPN","filer":"BALDWIN ROBERT H B JR  (CIK 0001331716)","filingDate":"2020-05-01","adsh":"0001127602-20-015073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_ABT_20200430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $ABT 1 day before a corporate insider (Abt John  (CIK 0001639197)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Abt John  (CIK 0001639197)","filingDate":"2020-05-01","adsh":"0001209191-20-026551"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_AVGO_20210916","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AVGO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $AVGO 1 day before a corporate insider (You Harry L.  (CIK 0001432602)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"You Harry L.  (CIK 0001432602)","filingDate":"2021-09-17","adsh":"0001730168-21-000135"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_TJX_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TJX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $TJX 1 day before a corporate insider (Mizzi Douglas W.  (CIK 0001730529)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"Mizzi Douglas W.  (CIK 0001730529)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001209191-20-021038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_FISV_20210222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FISV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $FISV 1 day before a corporate insider (Best Kenneth  (CIK 0001407947)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FISV","filer":"Best Kenneth  (CIK 0001407947)","filingDate":"2021-02-23","adsh":"0001209191-21-013326"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_RPM_20200820","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RPM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $RPM 1 day before a corporate insider (SULLIVAN FRANK C  (CIK 0001224025)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RPM","filer":"SULLIVAN FRANK C  (CIK 0001224025)","filingDate":"2020-08-21","adsh":"0001209191-20-047930"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_SWK_20220921","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SWK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $SWK 1 day before a corporate insider (Crew Debra Ann  (CIK 0001594085)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SWK","filer":"Crew Debra Ann  (CIK 0001594085)","filingDate":"2022-09-22","adsh":"0001127602-22-022849"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_AKAM_20210512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AKAM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $AKAM 1 day before a corporate insider (Williams Anthony P  (CIK 0001797531)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AKAM","filer":"Williams Anthony P  (CIK 0001797531)","filingDate":"2021-05-13","adsh":"0001086222-21-000150"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_AAN_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $AAN 1 day before a corporate insider (Michaels Steven A  (CIK 0001549760)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAN","filer":"Michaels Steven A  (CIK 0001549760)","filingDate":"2020-03-10","adsh":"0000706688-20-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_GPN_20210222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GPN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $GPN 2 days before a corporate insider (Sacchi Guido Francesco  (CIK 0001592948)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GPN","filer":"Sacchi Guido Francesco  (CIK 0001592948)","filingDate":"2021-02-24","adsh":"0001127602-21-007757"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_COST_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COST 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $COST 2 days before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001567619-20-007004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_DLTR_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DLTR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $DLTR 2 days before a corporate insider (WAMPLER KEVIN S  (CIK 0001204281)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DLTR","filer":"WAMPLER KEVIN S  (CIK 0001204281)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001127602-20-011941"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_CERN_20210222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CERN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $CERN 2 days before a corporate insider (Erceg Mark J  (CIK 0001580700)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CERN","filer":"Erceg Mark J  (CIK 0001580700)","filingDate":"2021-02-24","adsh":"0001209191-21-013740"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_UNH_20200323","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $UNH 3 days before a corporate insider (SHORT MARIANNE D  (CIK 0001565456)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"SHORT MARIANNE D  (CIK 0001565456)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-021274"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_ECL_20200430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ECL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $ECL 4 days before a corporate insider (Duijser Machiel  (CIK 0001801537)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECL","action":"BUY","amount":"$387.85","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ECL","filer":"Duijser Machiel  (CIK 0001801537)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0001179110-20-005410"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_DLTR_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DLTR 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $DLTR 4 days before a corporate insider (O'Boyle Thomas Jr  (CIK 0001500150)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DLTR","filer":"O'Boyle Thomas Jr  (CIK 0001500150)","filingDate":"2020-03-13","adsh":"0001127602-20-010533"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_AKAM_20200430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AKAM 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $AKAM 4 days before a corporate insider (Blumofe Robert  (CIK 0001576905)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AKAM","filer":"Blumofe Robert  (CIK 0001576905)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0001086222-20-000097"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_ANTM_20200430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ANTM 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $ANTM 4 days before a corporate insider (ZIELINSKI THOMAS C  (CIK 0001234091)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANTM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANTM","filer":"ZIELINSKI THOMAS C  (CIK 0001234091)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0001156039-20-000030"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_TSCO_20210819","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSCO 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $TSCO 5 days before a corporate insider (Estep Jonathan S  (CIK 0001778757)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSCO","filer":"Estep Jonathan S  (CIK 0001778757)","filingDate":"2021-08-24","adsh":"0000916365-21-000131"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_SBUX_20200430","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SBUX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $SBUX 5 days before a corporate insider (ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)","filingDate":"2020-05-05","adsh":"0001127602-20-015523"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_AAPL_20210819","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $AAPL 5 days before a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2021-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-21-000071"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_TMO_20210819","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TMO 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $TMO 5 days before a corporate insider (Stevenson Mark  (CIK 0001387890)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"Stevenson Mark  (CIK 0001387890)","filingDate":"2021-08-24","adsh":"0001127602-21-024222"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_CERN_20210324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CERN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley sell $CERN 5 days before a corporate insider (Labat Jerome  (CIK 0001813393)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CERN","filer":"Labat Jerome  (CIK 0001813393)","filingDate":"2021-03-29","adsh":"0001209191-21-023424"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_ATVI_20200825","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ATVI 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David B. McKinley buy $ATVI 6 days before a corporate insider (Durkin Dennis M  (CIK 0001543789)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATVI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ATVI","filer":"Durkin Dennis M  (CIK 0001543789)","filingDate":"2020-08-31","adsh":"0001352027-20-000067"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001180_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+13 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"David B. McKinley accumulated 38 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 13 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":13,"totalRaw":38}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_M001180_2020-09-22_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $RTX 28 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"David B. McKinley delivered a 207-word floor speech on 2020-09-22 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise today to honor George Beam of Fort Ashby, West Virginia, who will be celebrating his 100th birthday next month. George Beam’s life is one of exem- plary service to his community…\"). The member sell $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 28 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-09-22","chamber":"House","wordCount":207,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise today to honor George Beam of Fort Ashby, West Virginia, who will be celebrating his 100th birthday next month. George Beam’s life is one of exem- plary service to his community ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/09/22/CREC-2020-09-22-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/09/22/CREC-2020-09-22-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001180_2016-07-14_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DHR 6 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"David B. McKinley delivered a 205-word floor speech on 2016-07-14 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, the healthcare benefits and pensions for 120,000 coal miners and their families are in serious jeopardy due to bank- ruptcies and challenges in the coal in- dustry. This issue isn’t just…\"). The member sell $DHR (a Healthcare-sector stock) 6 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-07-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":205,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, the healthcare benefits and pensions for 120,000 coal miners and their families are in serious jeopardy due to bank- ruptcies and challenges in the coal in- dustry. This issue isn’t just ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/07/14/162/114/CREC-2016-07-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-07-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-07-20"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/07/14/162/114/CREC-2016-07-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_M001180_2018-12-17","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"78 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-12-17 — 50 unique tickers","explanation":"David B. McKinley executed 78 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-12-17 to 2018-12-20), spanning 50 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-12-17","windowEnd":"2018-12-20","tradeCount":78,"uniqueTickers":50,"totalDisclosedTrades":446,"sampleTickers":["WCC","EXPD","CHD","MCD","BDX","DTE","PFE","MKC","ORLY","SHW"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001180","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 87 total findings across the platform","explanation":"David B. McKinley appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 87 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (17); daily donation spike (8); reg rule trade proximity (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":87,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":17},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001180","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_M001180","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David B. McKinley draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.7M PAC / $23.0M total)","explanation":"David B. McKinley's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.7M of $23.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.96,"pacSharePct":46.4,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H0WV01072"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WV01072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_M001180","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David B. McKinley executed 27 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY UNH (3d apart)","explanation":"David B. McKinley has 27 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY UNH 2018-12-17 → 2018-12-20 (3d) · BUY→SELL GPN 2020-04-30 → 2020-05-26 (26d) · BUY→SELL RPM 2020-08-25 → 2020-08-28 (3d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2018-12-19 → 2018-12-20 (1d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2020-03-09 → 2020-03-23 (14d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":27,"samples":[{"ticker":"UNH","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-12-17","date2":"2018-12-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GPN","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-30","date2":"2020-05-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RPM","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-25","date2":"2020-08-28","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-12-19","date2":"2018-12-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-09","date2":"2020-03-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"TMO","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-12-17","date2":"2018-12-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ECL","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-27","date2":"2019-01-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CERN","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-01-14","date2":"2019-01-14","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001180","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David B. McKinley triggers 21 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"David B. McKinley accumulates 21 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":21,"distinctDetectorTypes":13}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_M001180_2018-12-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David B. McKinley — 40 trades on 2018-12-20","explanation":"David B. McKinley disclosed 40 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-12-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-12-20","count":40}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001180","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David B. McKinley — 98% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (436/446)","explanation":"David B. McKinley's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 98% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":446,"atBracket":436,"pct":"97.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001180","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David B. McKinley — 108 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"David B. McKinley has traded 108 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":108,"sample":["SPGI","TSLA","SWK","CNC","GWW","KMX","AJG","ABT","COST","ORLY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001180_ECL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David B. McKinley — 13 disclosed trades in single ticker ECL","explanation":"David B. McKinley traded ECL on 13 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the ECL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"ECL","count":13}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_M001180","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"David B. McKinley — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"David B. McKinley has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001180","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-b.-mckinley/M001180"]}],"P000523":[{"id":"P3_P000523_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 8 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":8,"sells":1,"netBuy":7,"total":9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000523_CARR_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CARR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on CARR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CARR","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CARR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000523_RTX_2020-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-03 and 2020-04-07, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-03 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000523_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 5 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000523_RTX_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on RTX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000523_BHF_2017-08-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BHF within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-08-07 and 2017-08-10, 3 members took the same direction on BHF. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BHF","date":"2017-08-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BHF","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"}],"span":"2017-08-07 to 2017-08-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000523_VSM_2016-10-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought VSM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-10-03 and 2016-10-07, 3 members took the same direction on VSM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSM","date":"2016-10-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VSM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2016-10-03 to 2016-10-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000523_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David E. Price executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2020-10-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Uniform License Renewal, Discontinuance of Operation, and Geographic Partitioning and Spectrum Disaggregation Rules and ","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2020-09-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000523_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David E. Price executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2020-04-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Guard Bureau Privacy Program","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-03-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000523_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David E. Price executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","date":"2020-03-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","date":"2020-01-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2020-02-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Relating to Withholding and Reporting Tax on Certain U.S. Source Income Paid to Foreign Persons","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_P000523_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PRICE, David Eugene voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_P000523_HD_20200313","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David E. Price buy $HD 2 days after a corporate insider (Carey Matt  (CIK 0001499743)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Carey Matt  (CIK 0001499743)","filingDate":"2020-03-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-018142","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000523_YUM_20220216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $YUM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David E. Price buy $YUM 2 days after a corporate insider (Connor Christopher M  (CIK 0001181680)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"YUM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"YUM","filer":"Connor Christopher M  (CIK 0001181680)","filingDate":"2022-02-14","adsh":"0001127602-22-004683","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000523_RTX_20200407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $RTX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David E. Price buy $RTX 1 day before a corporate insider (Kennedy Thomas A  (CIK 0001495635)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RTX","filer":"Kennedy Thomas A  (CIK 0001495635)","filingDate":"2020-04-08","adsh":"0000947871-20-000333"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000523_PRU_20200313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PRU 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David E. Price buy $PRU 3 days before a corporate insider (KRAPEK KARL J  (CIK 0001238288)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PRU","filer":"KRAPEK KARL J  (CIK 0001238288)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-010905"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000523_LOW_20200313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LOW 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David E. Price buy $LOW 4 days before a corporate insider (Malka Meyer  (CIK 0001571355)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"Malka Meyer  (CIK 0001571355)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001104659-20-034899"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P45_P000523","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18% of stock trades (16 of 89) in major federal contractors — top: DIS ($54B in contracts, mostly Department of Energy)","explanation":"David E. Price concentrated 18% of their stock-trading activity (16 of 89 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $173B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"DIS","totalContracts":53807975218.79,"agency":"Department of Energy","memberTrades":5},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"MET","totalContracts":14633359848.260002,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"COST","totalContracts":50204183515.10999,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":3},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"HON","totalContracts":9270708946.880001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LOW","totalContracts":45560278142.38001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":1},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":16,"totalStockTrades":89,"concentrationPct":18,"distinctContractors":6,"topExposure":173476505671.42}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P138_P000523","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David E. Price draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.6M PAC / $32.6M total)","explanation":"David E. Price's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.6M of $32.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.56,"lifetimeReceiptsM":32.57,"pacSharePct":44.7,"cycleCount":39,"fecId":"H6NC04037"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NC04037/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P179_P000523","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David E. Price — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (88/89)","explanation":"David E. Price's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":89,"atBracket":88,"pct":"98.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_P000523","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David E. Price — 51 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"David E. Price has traded 51 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":51,"sample":["YUMC","YUM","BGG","TXN","CARR","RTX","OTIS","HD","PRU","LOW"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000523_AmericanTextileTechn","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David E. Price sponsored \"American Textile Technology Innovation and Research for Expo\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"David E. Price has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"American Textile Technology Innovation and Research for Exportation (ATTIRE) Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001198":[{"id":"P3_M001198_Pharma","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Pharma bills while net-buying Pharma stocks","explanation":"On 2 Pharma bills, this member voted YES 2 times (100%). In the same period they made 4 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Pharma stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Pharma","totalVotes":2,"yesCount":2,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","buys":4,"sells":1,"netBuy":3,"total":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_M001198_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,215,537 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $3,215,537 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 56 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":3215536.8700000006,"oppose":0,"events":56}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_M001198_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,973,149 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Leadership Fund","explanation":"Senate Leadership Fund spent $1,973,149 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":1973148.88,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P6_M001198_vaise1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$378,280 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ESAFund","explanation":"ESAFund spent $378,280 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489856","name":"ESAFund","support":378279.95000000007,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489856/"]},{"id":"P6_M001198_tzbrwp","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$349,944 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from KEEP KANSAS GREAT PAC INC.","explanation":"KEEP KANSAS GREAT PAC INC. spent $349,944 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00714394","name":"KEEP KANSAS GREAT PAC INC.","support":349944.06,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714394/"]},{"id":"P7_M001198_kasg72","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $24,181,822 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $24,181,822 opposing this member across 440 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":24181822.220000003,"totalSupport":6623047.889999999,"events":440,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":8647663.299999999},{"name":"Duty and Country","oppose":6412925.49},{"name":"Sunflower State","oppose":5112568.06},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":1154178.3200000003},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":990739.6100000001}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_M001198_xufbth","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,046,689 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 11 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,046,689 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1046688.7999999999,"events":11,"byYear":{"2010":545594.7,"2020":501094.1},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":719364,"events":4},{"cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":171760.1,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001747","name":"CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM","total":152614.7,"events":3},{"cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":2950,"events":3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001198_9pljhr","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$157,807 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $157,807 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":157987.93999999997,"oppose":180.44,"net":157807.49999999997,"events":46,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":96483.82999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":35531.14,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":14249.11,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":5638,"oppose":180.44,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":3961,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001198_nth2u1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $438,373 / spent $339,221","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00632323","cmteName":"DEFEND OUR CONSERVATIVE SENATE PAC (DOC'S PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":138759.3,"totalDisbursements":138734.9,"cashOnHand":24.33},{"cmteId":"C00632323","cmteName":"DEFEND OUR CONSERVATIVE SENATE PAC (DOC'S PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":299613.8,"totalDisbursements":200486.5,"cashOnHand":99151.63}],"totalRaised":438373.1,"totalSpent":339221.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001198_mc6kyo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -11%)","explanation":"Of $7,042,995 in itemized individual contributions, $5,169,927 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7042995,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-796564,"$200.01-$499":344744,"$500-$999":718564,"$1000-$1999":1606324,"$2000 and over":5169927},"megaShare":73.4,"smallDonorShare":-11.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001198_93t69p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$198,100 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 15.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $198,100 across 140 contributions — 15.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,519.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00576173","date":"2019-09-30","amount":198100,"count":140,"baseline":12519,"ratio":15.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576173/"]},{"id":"P15_M001198_n52rnu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,925 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $101,925 across 89 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,515.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00576173","date":"2020-06-30","amount":101925,"count":89,"baseline":8515,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576173/"]},{"id":"P15_M001198_93pcaz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,500 donation spike on 2019-03-16 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-16 this committee recorded $86,500 across 12 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,732.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00576173","date":"2019-03-16","amount":86500,"count":12,"baseline":6732,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576173/"]},{"id":"P15_M001198_krq5vj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,518 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 16× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $56,518 across 27 contributions — 16× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,541.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00576173","date":"2025-12-31","amount":56518,"count":27,"baseline":3541,"ratio":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576173/"]},{"id":"P18_M001198_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Roger Marshall executed 8 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-09-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2020-09-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-09-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2020-09-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Several Groundfish Species in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands M","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-08-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Several Groundfish Species in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands M","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-08-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001198_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Roger Marshall executed 3 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-05-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-05-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-05-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Enforcement Discretion Under HIPAA To Allow Uses and Disclosures of Protected Health Information by Business Associates ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-04-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001198_1hv8ix","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Marshall campaign paid $12,638,254 to 50 surname-matched vendors, top: DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE C/O BRAD","explanation":"Roger Marshall's campaign paid 131 disbursements totaling $12,638,254 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE C/O BRADLEY MARSHALL","total":6955301.27,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE C/O BRADLEY MARSHALL","amount":6000000,"date":"2008-11-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marshall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE C/O BRADLEY MARSHALL","amount":553711.55,"date":"2008-10-08","description":"ON-LINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"marshall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE C/O BRADLEY MARSHALL","amount":401589.72,"date":"2008-11-03","description":"ON-LINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"marshall","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BALL, GORDON","total":1788832.1600000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BALL, GORDON","amount":676638.24,"date":"2014-11-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"ball","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BALL, GORDON","amount":394416.08,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"INKIND - 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Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":660,"date":"2026-01-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_M001198","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"66% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 9.6× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 149 disclosed trades, 98 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 9.6× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":98,"total":149,"rate":65.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":9.58}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001198","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Roger Marshall has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001198_GILD_20200504","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GILD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Marshall buy $GILD 5 days after a corporate insider (Cogan John Francis  (CIK 0001319872)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GILD","filer":"Cogan John Francis  (CIK 0001319872)","filingDate":"2020-04-29","adsh":"0001127602-20-014714","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001198_MSFT_20200915","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Marshall sell $MSFT 1 day before a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2020-09-16","adsh":"0001819285-20-000042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001198_MSFT_20200903","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Marshall buy $MSFT 6 days before a corporate insider (SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0001819285-20-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001198_YETI_20200507","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $YETI 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Marshall sell $YETI 6 days before a corporate insider (Seiders Roy J  (CIK 0001679611)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"YETI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"YETI","filer":"Seiders Roy J  (CIK 0001679611)","filingDate":"2020-05-13","adsh":"0001104659-20-060882"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001198_ROKU_20200519","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ROKU 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Marshall buy $ROKU 8 days before a corporate insider (Hastings Jeff  (CIK 0001336253)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROKU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROKU","filer":"Hastings Jeff  (CIK 0001336253)","filingDate":"2020-05-27","adsh":"0001716837-20-000096"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001198_ROKU_20200915","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ROKU 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Roger Marshall sell $ROKU 10 days before a corporate insider (Fyfield Mai  (CIK 0001741111)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROKU","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROKU","filer":"Fyfield Mai  (CIK 0001741111)","filingDate":"2020-09-25","adsh":"0001716837-20-000177"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_M001198_DIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $DIS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Roger Marshall disclosed an asset position in $DIS on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $DIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DIS","assetName":"DIS - Walt Disney Company (The) Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0dea8edb-2965-4fe7-8cf8-521385624e32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DIS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0dea8edb-2965-4fe7-8cf8-521385624e32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001198_BABA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 trades in $BABA — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Roger Marshall disclosed an asset position in $BABA on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 8 reported trades in $BABA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BABA","assetName":"BABA - Alibaba Group Holding Limited American Depositary","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0dea8edb-2965-4fe7-8cf8-521385624e32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BABA","tradeCount":8,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-12"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-04"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0dea8edb-2965-4fe7-8cf8-521385624e32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001198_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Roger Marshall disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation - Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0dea8edb-2965-4fe7-8cf8-521385624e32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-03"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0dea8edb-2965-4fe7-8cf8-521385624e32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_M001198_ROKU","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $ROKU — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Roger Marshall disclosed an asset position in $ROKU on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $ROKU per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ROKU","assetName":"ROKU - Roku, Inc. - Class A Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0dea8edb-2965-4fe7-8cf8-521385624e32/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ROKU","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-04"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0dea8edb-2965-4fe7-8cf8-521385624e32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_M001198_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (CVX)","explanation":"Roger Marshall discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P57_M001198","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1047K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 69% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Roger Marshall was the target of $1,046,688.8 in electioneering communications across 11 events from 4 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($719,364 = 69% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1046688.7999999999,"events":11,"pacCount":4,"byYear":{"2010":545594.7,"2020":501094.1}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":719364,"events":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":171760.1,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002851/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001747","name":"CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM","total":152614.7,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001747/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":2950,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001051/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_M001198","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$158K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 61% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Roger Marshall received $157,987.94 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($96,483.83 = 61%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":157987.93999999997,"oppose":180.44,"byYear":{"2010":50219.32,"2012":2907,"2018":163.09,"2020":104912.97},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":96483.82999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":35531.14,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":14249.11,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":5638,"oppose":180.44,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":3961,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_M001198","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (6 total findings) — ie support concentration (4), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Roger Marshall triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 6 total findings across them: ie support concentration (4), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":6,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":4},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_M001198","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $155,000","explanation":"Roger Marshall received campaign contributions totaling $155,000 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CORECIVIC (FORMERLY CCA OF TENNESSEE) ($15,000); CANADA LIFE REINSURANCE COMPANY ($15,000); NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIO ($10,000); MO STRATEGIES, INC. ON BEHALF OF DIRECT SUPPLY SEN ($10,000); TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":155000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CORECIVIC INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (CORECIVIC PAC)","ldaClient":"CORECIVIC (FORMERLY CCA OF TENNESSEE)","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA (US) PAC","ldaClient":"CANADA LIFE REINSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BR","ldaClient":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DIRECT SUPPLY INC. PARTNERS PAC (DSI PARTNERS PAC)","ldaClient":"MO STRATEGIES, INC. ON BEHALF OF DIRECT SUPPLY SENIOR LIVING ADVOCACY, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001198","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $198,100 on 2019-09-30 (15.8× normal)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $198,100 on 2019-09-30 — 15.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":443043,"maxRatio":16,"maxAmount":198100},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-30","amount":198100,"ratio":15.8,"baselineDaily":12519,"count":140,"cmteId":"C00576173","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00576173&min_date=2019-09-30&max_date=2019-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-06-30","amount":101925,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":8515,"count":89,"cmteId":"C00576173","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00576173&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-03-16","amount":86500,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":6732,"count":12,"cmteId":"C00576173","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00576173&min_date=2019-03-16&max_date=2019-03-16"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-31","amount":56518,"ratio":16,"baselineDaily":3541,"count":27,"cmteId":"C00576173","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00576173&min_date=2025-12-31&max_date=2025-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576173/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00576173&min_date=2019-09-30&max_date=2019-09-30"]},{"id":"P63_M001198","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 82 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Roger Marshall's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 82 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): AOR, SPYG, FGRCX, FBARX, JLPCX, SILLX, PONCX, PEQCX, VADCX, ABALX, CAIBX, CWGIX, INUTX, PHIKX, LCCAX, … (67 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":82,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["AOR","SPYG","FGRCX","FBARX","JLPCX","SILLX","PONCX","PEQCX","VADCX","ABALX","CAIBX","CWGIX","INUTX","PHIKX","LCCAX","SLMCX","FCPCX","ITHAX","HAIAX","HFMCX","ETAHX","ETCHX","PRJAX","FCISX","AWSHX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_M001198_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Energy stock (CVX) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Roger Marshall's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Energy stocks — CVX — held by Child (most-recent disclosure year 2021). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX"],"owner":"Child","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a9188089-c0fa-4731-b759-58e429850cd8/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a9188089-c0fa-4731-b759-58e429850cd8/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P68_M001198","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 7 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.4M","explanation":"Roger Marshall's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 7 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $441,002.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Rental Property Description: Greenville  (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); Rattlesnake Ranch, Inc. Description: Lan (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000); GBRH Properties 2009, LLC, 14% Interest  (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $50,001 - $100,000); Club West of Great Bend LLC, 4% Interest (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $1,001 - $15,000); Farmer's Plaza Description: Farmer's Pla (Real Estate Commercial, $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":7,"totalEstMidpoint":441002.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Rental Property Description: Greenville Alabama Rental Property (Greenville, Alabama)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"},{"name":"Rattlesnake Ranch, Inc. Description: Land 75 acres, equipment and building rental, 20% interest (Stafford County, KS)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/"},{"name":"GBRH Properties 2009, LLC, 14% Interest Company: GBRH Properties 2009, LLC, 14% Interest (Great Bend, KS) Description: Building, helicopter pad, intangible assets, cash","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/"},{"name":"Club West of Great Bend LLC, 4% Interest Company: Club West of Great Bend LLC (Great Bend, KS) Description: Management of swimming pool","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/"},{"name":"Farmer's Plaza Description: Farmer's Plaza, Great Bend (Great Bend, KS)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_M001198","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Director at Kids to Love Foundation Madison, Alabama","explanation":"Roger Marshall's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Kids to Love Foundation Madison, Alabama (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2020 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Kids to Love Foundation Madison, Alabama","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_M001198","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$324,534 in outside earned income — top source: State of Alabama Montgomery, Alabama ($$324,534.00)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $324,534 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Alabama Montgomery, Alabama ($324,534.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":324534,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Alabama Montgomery, Alabama","amount":"$324,534.00","amountNumeric":324534}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 27 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including AOR, SPYG, FGRCX, FBARX, JLPCX, SILLX","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 27 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: AOR, SPYG, FGRCX, FBARX, JLPCX, SILLX, PONCX, PEQCX, VADCX, ABALX, CAIBX, CWGIX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":27,"newTickers":["AOR","SPYG","FGRCX","FBARX","JLPCX","SILLX","PONCX","PEQCX","VADCX","ABALX","CAIBX","CWGIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001198","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 29 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 43 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Roger Marshall appears in 29 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 43 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 29 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (5); ie support concentration (4); daily donation spike (4); senate pfd holding trade (4); reg rule trade proximity (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":29,"totalFindings":43,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001198","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_M001198_2023","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 19 ticker holdings between 2022 and 2023 — including CLBAX, CLBCX, WAGRX, CVX, DIS, MCD","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 19 ticker holdings present in the 2022 filing but absent in 2023. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: CLBAX, CLBCX, WAGRX, CVX, DIS, MCD, PFE, VTRS, AMUSX, WLGAX, WSTAX, FTCS.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2022,2023],"count":19,"divestedTickers":["CLBAX","CLBCX","WAGRX","CVX","DIS","MCD","PFE","VTRS","AMUSX","WLGAX","WSTAX","FTCS"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/50c0557e-7b31-489d-bb4d-34bd467d43b6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/50c0557e-7b31-489d-bb4d-34bd467d43b6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Citizens B & T Holdings Inc. Company: Citizens Bank & Trust (Guntersville, Alaba…","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Citizens B & T Holdings Inc. Company: Citizens Bank & Trust .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Citizens B & T Holdings Inc. Company: Citizens Bank & Trust (Guntersville, Alabama) Description: Bank Holding Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P90_M001198","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Marshall's campaign paid $1,455,732 to 15 surname-matched vendors — top: KANSANS FOR MARSHALL ($899,985)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 56 payments totaling $1,455,732 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KANSANS FOR MARSHALL ($899,985 across 31 payments, services: NET DISTRIBUTION · DIRECT CONTRIBUTION · DISTRIBUTION OF NET PROCEEDS). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1455731.5100000002,"paymentCount":56,"payeeCount":15,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KANSANS FOR MARSHALL","total":899985.2299999999,"count":31,"descriptions":["NET DISTRIBUTION","DIRECT CONTRIBUTION","DISTRIBUTION OF NET PROCEEDS"]},{"payee":"MARSHALL, BRADLEY K","total":143935.83000000002,"count":6,"descriptions":["SALARIES","TRAVEL - EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"SALTER, MARSHALL","total":98500,"count":5,"descriptions":["COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","FEA COMMUNICATIONS CNSLT.","CONSULTING-COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"payee":"TEAM MARSHALL II","total":56442.92,"count":2,"descriptions":["ADVANCE","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"DNC TRAVEL OFFSET ACCOUNT ATTN: BRAD MARSHALL","total":39607,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRAVEL"]}],"surname":"marshall"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0KS00315&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_M001198","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Marshall filed 8 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 187 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Roger Marshall has filed 8 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 187 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2021 (187d late, filed 11/18/2021) · 2023 (95d late, filed 08/18/2023) · 2023 (91d late, filed 08/14/2023) · 2024 (90d late, filed 08/13/2024).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":8,"maxDaysLate":187,"samples":[{"year":2021,"filingDate":"11/18/2021","daysLate":187,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/241353e4-bd2f-4f40-b725-5db02b7fb11f/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/18/2023","daysLate":95,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5ea94847-0d83-490d-b0df-80172c77a46d/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/14/2023","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/50c0557e-7b31-489d-bb4d-34bd467d43b6/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"},{"year":2024,"filingDate":"08/13/2024","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a9edda97-d22c-45c2-bff6-81e92b757285/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/241353e4-bd2f-4f40-b725-5db02b7fb11f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5ea94847-0d83-490d-b0df-80172c77a46d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/50c0557e-7b31-489d-bb4d-34bd467d43b6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Kids to Love Foundation","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Kids to Love Foundation.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Kids to Love Foundation Madison, Alabama","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2020 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P109_M001198","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.8M total receipts) — top: TEAM MARSHALL II","explanation":"Roger Marshall appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM MARSHALL II (C00755074, $2.8M receipts, treasurer MARSTON, CHRIS). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.75,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00755074","name":"TEAM MARSHALL II","receipts":2751932.3,"treasurer":"MARSTON, CHRIS","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00755074/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00755074/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00755074/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P135_M001198","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall's earliest disclosed PFD (2021) shows $7.0M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Roger Marshall's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2021) shows total assets of $7.0M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 90; earned-income on first filing: $60,000.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2021","totalAssetMid":6954687,"assetCount":90,"earnedIncome":60000,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/241353e4-bd2f-4f40-b725-5db02b7fb11f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/241353e4-bd2f-4f40-b725-5db02b7fb11f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_M001198","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.6M PAC / $24.6M total)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.6M of $24.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.6,"pacSharePct":34.8,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"S0KS00315"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0KS00315/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_M001198","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roger Marshall disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY DIS $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Roger Marshall has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY DIS $250,001 - $500,000 on 2020-07-08 · SELL ROKU $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2020-07-08 · BUY DIS $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-03-09.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":850003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","date":"2020-07-08","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ROKU","action":"SELL","date":"2020-07-08","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","date":"2020-03-09","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001198","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Marshall executed 52 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL SNE (15d apart)","explanation":"Roger Marshall has 52 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL SNE 2020-08-31 → 2020-09-15 (15d) · BUY→SELL ROKU 2017-09-28 → 2017-09-28 (0d) · BUY→SELL ROKU 2020-09-04 → 2020-09-15 (11d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2018-08-22 → 2018-08-27 (5d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2020-09-03 → 2020-09-15 (12d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":52,"samples":[{"ticker":"SNE","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-08-31","date2":"2020-09-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ROKU","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-09-28","date2":"2017-09-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ROKU","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-09-04","date2":"2020-09-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":5,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-08-22","date2":"2018-08-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":12,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-09-03","date2":"2020-09-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"INTC","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-09-02","date2":"2020-09-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BABA","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-08-27","date2":"2018-09-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BABA","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-12-03","date2":"2019-12-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P147_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall's 2025 PFD reports earned income $326K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: State of Alabama Montgomery,)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $325,534 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from State of Alabama Montgomery, ($324,534.00) · Spouse: Salary from State of Alabama Montgomery, (> $1,000). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":325534,"earnedIncomeK":326,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"State of Alabama Montgomery, Alabama","amount":"$324,534.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"State of Alabama Montgomery, Alabama","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P149_M001198","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roger Marshall triggers 19 HIGH-severity findings across 41 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Roger Marshall accumulates 19 HIGH-severity findings across 41 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":19,"distinctDetectorTypes":41}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M001198","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roger Marshall triggers 42 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Roger Marshall accumulates findings across 42 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 42 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":42,"sampleDetectors":["P3","P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P21","P29","P32","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P57","P58","P59","P61","P62","P63","P64","P68","P70","P71","P74","P78"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P162_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 37 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 37 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":37,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_M001198","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Marshall's PFD net worth declined 83% year-over-year — 2024 $5.69M → 2025 $0.97M","explanation":"Roger Marshall's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $5.69M in 2024 to $0.97M in 2025 — a 83% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2024","priorNetWorthM":5.69,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":0.97,"declinePct":82.96,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a9edda97-d22c-45c2-bff6-81e92b757285/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a9edda97-d22c-45c2-bff6-81e92b757285/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roger Marshall's 2025 PFD initiated 3 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: ANWPX ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: ANWPX ($100,001 - $250,000) · AGTHX ($100,001 - $250,000) · ASBAX ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ANWPX","asset":"ANWPX - New Perspective Fund Class A Shares","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AGTHX","asset":"AGTHX - The Growth Fund of America Class A Shares","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ASBAX","asset":"ASBAX - American Fds Short-Term Bond Fund of America C","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Traditional IRA (Francis Financial (Retirement)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Retirement from Traditional IRA (Francis Financial ($120,000.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Retirement","payer":"Traditional IRA (Francis Financial Services) Great Bend, KS","amount":"$120,000.00"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall's 2025 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Mortgage from Farmers Bank & Trust, at 3.25% (30 yrs)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Mortgage from Farmers Bank & Trust, at 3.25% (30 yrs) ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2019","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.25% (30 yrs)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Farmers Bank & Trust, N.A. Great Bend, KS"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/545ec43a-eb9a-4f8c-973a-4e580d38b274/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_KS_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"KS delegation: Roger Marshall & Jerry Moran both flagged on 26 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from KS — Roger Marshall and Jerry Moran — are flagged on the same 26 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P3, P9, P10, P11, P15, P18, P19, P21.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"KS","juniorSenatorBid":"M000934","juniorSenatorName":"Jerry Moran","sharedDetectorCount":26,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P3","P9","P10","P11","P15","P18","P19","P21","P29","P32","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P61"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001198","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000934"]},{"id":"P173_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P179_M001198","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roger Marshall — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (147/149)","explanation":"Roger Marshall's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":149,"atBracket":147,"pct":"98.7"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001198","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall — 54 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Roger Marshall has traded 54 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":54,"sample":["SNE","ROKU","MSFT","INTC","DIS","BABA","AMD","GILD","YETI","AAPL"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M001198_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Marshall — 25 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Roger Marshall's 2025 Senate PFD shows 25 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":25,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a86cf647-c649-43bc-970f-9fa046d52960/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001284":[{"id":"P3_B001284_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 83% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 12 Energy bills, this member voted YES 10 times (83%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":12,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":83},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":2,"sells":0,"netBuy":2,"total":2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001284_QCOM_2020-03-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-30 and 2020-04-06, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2020-03-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"B001284","name":"Susan W. Brooks"}],"span":"2020-03-30 to 2020-04-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001284_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susan W. Brooks executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-03-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001284_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susan W. Brooks executed 4 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 in the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 in the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-03-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001284_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susan W. Brooks executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DAL","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Demurrage Billing Requirements","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001284_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susan W. Brooks executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2020-04-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Use of Differential Income Stream as an Application of the Income Method and as a Consideration in Assessing the Best Me","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-03-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_B001284_KO_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan W. Brooks buy $KO 3 days after a corporate insider (Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001318568-20-000078","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_B001284_XOM_20200406","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $XOM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan W. Brooks buy $XOM 4 days after a corporate insider (Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012570","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001284_AMZN_20200406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan W. Brooks buy $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-04-07","adsh":"0000899243-20-010405"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_B001284","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan W. Brooks draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.8M PAC / $13.1M total)","explanation":"Susan W. Brooks's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.8M of $13.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.79,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.07,"pacSharePct":44.3,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H2IN05082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IN05082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P178_B001284_2020-04-06","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan W. Brooks — 12 trades on 2020-04-06","explanation":"Susan W. Brooks disclosed 12 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-04-06). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-04-06","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000461":[{"id":"P3_F000461_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 12 Energy bills, this member voted YES 9 times (75%). In the same period they made 69 BUYS vs 59 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":12,"yesCount":9,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":69,"sells":59,"netBuy":10,"total":128}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_F000461_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"61742 employees of RETIRED gave $2,450,073 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 61742× RETIRED = $2,450,073. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":61742,"total":2450073,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000461_g715it","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,003 donation spike on 2024-10-16 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-16 this committee recorded $114,003 across 478 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,946.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00768994","date":"2024-10-16","amount":114003,"count":478,"baseline":18946,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768994/"]},{"id":"P15_F000461_pgudcs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,608 donation spike on 2022-06-21 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-21 this committee recorded $55,608 across 67 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,947.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00768994","date":"2022-06-21","amount":55608,"count":67,"baseline":8947,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768994/"]},{"id":"P17_F000461_LLY_2016-01-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-22 and 2016-01-29, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2016-01-22","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000413","name":"Ed Whitfield"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"}],"span":"2016-01-22 to 2016-01-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_CL_2016-10-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-10-11 and 2016-10-14, 3 members took the same direction on CL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CL","date":"2016-10-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"}],"span":"2016-10-11 to 2016-10-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_PM_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-28, 3 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_GILD_2016-08-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GILD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-11 and 2016-08-16, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on GILD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2016-08-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GILD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2016-08-11 to 2016-08-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_ADP_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ADP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-26, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on ADP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ADP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_CVS_2019-05-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-02 and 2019-05-09, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2019-05-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2019-05-02 to 2019-05-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_CVS_2019-05-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-08 and 2019-05-13, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2019-05-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-05-08 to 2019-05-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_CVS_2019-05-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-05-08 and 2019-05-13, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2019-05-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-05-08 to 2019-05-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_WMB_2018-06-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought WMB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-06-08 and 2018-06-15, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on WMB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2018-06-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WMB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-06-08 to 2018-06-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_VLP_2018-10-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-16 and 2018-10-23, 4 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-10-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-10-16 to 2018-10-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_F000461_ANDX_2017-11-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ANDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-11-29 and 2017-12-06, 3 members took the same direction on ANDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANDX","date":"2017-11-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ANDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"}],"span":"2017-11-29 to 2017-12-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_F000461_AAPL_20140101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in AAPL 2 days before FTC action","explanation":"Bill Flores traded AAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-01-01","title":"Apple Inc. Will Provide Full Consumer Refunds of At Least $32.5 Million to Settle FTC Complaint It Charged for Kids’ In-App Purchases Without Parental Consent","penalty":32500000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/01/apple-inc-will-provide-full-consumer-refunds-least-325-million-settle-ftc-complaint-it-charged-kids"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2013-12-30","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/01/apple-inc-will-provide-full-consumer-refunds-least-325-million-settle-ftc-complaint-it-charged-kids"]},{"id":"P40_F000461_TGT_20140701","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in TGT 21 days before FTC action","explanation":"Bill Flores sold TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-07-01","title":"FTC Stops Deceptive Office Supply Scam That Targeted Small Businesses and Nonprofits","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/07/ftc-stops-deceptive-office-supply-scam-targeted-small-businesses-nonprofits"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/07/ftc-stops-deceptive-office-supply-scam-targeted-small-businesses-nonprofits"]},{"id":"P37_F000461_COP_20151021","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of COP in 2015-Q4 while CONOCOPHILLIPS had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bill Flores executed a sell in COP during 2015-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (CONOCOPHILLIPS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-10-21","quarter":"2015-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q4","matchedClients":["CONOCOPHILLIPS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000461_ABBV_20141216","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of ABBV in 2014-Q4 while ABBVIE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bill Flores executed a sell in ABBV during 2014-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (ABBVIE INC., ABBVIE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-12-16","quarter":"2014-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q4","matchedClients":["ABBVIE INC.","ABBVIE","PECK MADIGAN JONES (ON BEHALF OF ABBVIE INC.)"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000461_CVX_20141017","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2014-Q4 while CHEVRON had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bill Flores executed a sell in CVX during 2014-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON, CHEVRON CORP.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-10-17","quarter":"2014-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON","CHEVRON CORP.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_F000461_PFE_20140708","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of PFE in 2014-Q3 while PFIZER AUSTRALIA PTY LTD had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bill Flores executed a sell in PFE during 2014-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (PFIZER AUSTRALIA PTY LTD, PFIZER INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-07-08","quarter":"2014-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q3","matchedClients":["PFIZER AUSTRALIA PTY LTD","PFIZER INC","PFIZER, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P65_F000461_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"58 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2019-03-22 — 58 unique tickers","explanation":"Bill Flores executed 58 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2019-03-22 to 2019-03-25), spanning 58 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2019-03-22","windowEnd":"2019-03-25","tradeCount":58,"uniqueTickers":58,"totalDisclosedTrades":916,"sampleTickers":["INTC","LMT","EMR","HD","COF","XOM","MMM","ADP","PM","JPM"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_F000461","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Flores disclosed 75 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 24 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY UCON $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Bill Flores has filed 75 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 24 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY UCON $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-09-03 · BUY TORIX $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2019-04-01 · SELL ENLC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2017-02-03 · SELL WMB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2017-01-13.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":75,"veryHighCount":24,"lowerBoundSum":11350075,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"UCON","action":"BUY","date":"2019-09-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TORIX","action":"BUY","date":"2019-04-01","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"ENLC","action":"SELL","date":"2017-02-03","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"WMB","action":"SELL","date":"2017-01-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TRGP","action":"SELL","date":"2016-11-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"EQGP","action":"SELL","date":"2016-09-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_F000461","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Flores executed 108 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL IBM (0d apart)","explanation":"Bill Flores has 108 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL IBM 2015-12-29 → 2015-12-29 (0d) · BUY→SELL IBM 2016-01-29 → 2016-02-17 (19d) · BUY→SELL IBM 2016-03-28 → 2016-04-18 (21d) · BUY→SELL T 2015-12-29 → 2015-12-30 (1d) · BUY→SELL LYB 2016-11-08 → 2016-11-29 (21d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":108,"samples":[{"ticker":"IBM","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-12-29","date2":"2015-12-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IBM","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-01-29","date2":"2016-02-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"IBM","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-03-28","date2":"2016-04-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"T","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-12-29","date2":"2015-12-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LYB","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-11-08","date2":"2016-11-29","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"LYB","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-03-13","date2":"2017-03-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TEX","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-03-25","date2":"2019-04-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NBLX","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-05-10","date2":"2018-05-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_F000461_2017-02-03","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Flores — 41 trades on 2017-02-03","explanation":"Bill Flores disclosed 41 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-02-03). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-02-03","count":41}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_F000461","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Flores — 97% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (892/916)","explanation":"Bill Flores's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 97% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":916,"atBracket":892,"pct":"97.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_F000461","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Flores — 148 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Bill Flores has traded 148 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":148,"sample":["SPN","AVGO","IBM","GILD","LM","LUV","AMGN","COP","PSX","WBA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_F000461_WMB","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Flores — 26 disclosed trades in single ticker WMB","explanation":"Bill Flores traded WMB on 26 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the WMB trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"WMB","count":26}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"R000583":[{"id":"P3_R000583_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 83% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 12 Energy bills, this member voted YES 10 times (83%). In the same period they made 11 BUYS vs 6 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":12,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":83},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":11,"sells":6,"netBuy":5,"total":17}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_R000583_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 17 BUYS vs 10 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":17,"sells":10,"netBuy":7,"total":27}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_R000583_y20p1v","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $1,564,487 in itemized individual contributions, $1,236,085 (79%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1564487,"buckets":{"$200 and under":16090,"$200.01-$499":23262,"$500-$999":62650,"$1000-$1999":226400,"$2000 and over":1236085},"megaShare":79,"smallDonorShare":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000583_h8dt8i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,500 donation spike on 2018-02-21 — 14.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-02-21 this committee recorded $67,500 across 28 contributions — 14.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,647.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00618223","date":"2018-02-21","amount":67500,"count":28,"baseline":4647,"ratio":14.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00618223/"]},{"id":"P15_R000583_2k1fxj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,900 donation spike on 2017-05-08 — 16.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-05-08 this committee recorded $66,900 across 31 contributions — 16.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,991.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00618223","date":"2017-05-08","amount":66900,"count":31,"baseline":3991,"ratio":16.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00618223/"]},{"id":"P15_R000583_c3w8la","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,550 donation spike on 2016-10-20 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-10-20 this committee recorded $52,550 across 31 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,179.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00618223","date":"2016-10-20","amount":52550,"count":31,"baseline":6179,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00618223/"]},{"id":"P17_R000583_K_2017-09-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold K within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-09-22 and 2017-09-27, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on K. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"K","date":"2017-09-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"K","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2017-09-22 to 2017-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000583_ACN_2015-06-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-06-26 and 2015-07-01, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2015-06-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2015-06-26 to 2015-07-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000583_BK_2015-09-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-09-02 and 2015-09-09, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BK","date":"2015-09-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2015-09-02 to 2015-09-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000583_GILD_2017-02-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GILD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-02-27 and 2017-03-06, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on GILD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2017-02-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GILD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"}],"span":"2017-02-27 to 2017-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000583_AGN_2018-02-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AGN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-02-22 and 2018-02-28, 3 members took the same direction on AGN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AGN","date":"2018-02-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AGN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"R000583","name":"Thomas J. Rooney"}],"span":"2018-02-22 to 2018-02-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_R000583_Consumer","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Consumer BUYs filed 242d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Consumer (40 buys vs 19 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Consumer","count":59,"avgGap":242,"buys":40,"sells":19},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":287,"avgGap":207}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_R000583_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 296d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (31 buys vs 14 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":45,"avgGap":296,"buys":31,"sells":14},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":287,"avgGap":207}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_R000583_Telecom","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom BUYs filed 506d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Telecom (6 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":7,"avgGap":506,"buys":6,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":287,"avgGap":207}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_R000583","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"50% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 7.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 615 disclosed trades, 309 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 7.8× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":309,"total":615,"rate":50.2},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000583","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P49_R000583_2016-06-14_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GD 13 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney delivered a 248-word floor speech on 2016-06-14 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair- man, I rise in strong support of this 2017 Defense Appropriations bill, which is another example of the Appropria- tions Committee’s hard work to pro- vide the funding needed to keep our co…\"). The member buy $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-06-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":248,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Chair- man, I rise in strong support of this 2017 Defense Appropriations bill, which is another example of the Appropria- tions Committee’s hard work to pro- vide the funding needed to keep our co","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/06/14/162/94/CREC-2016-06-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-01"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/06/14/162/94/CREC-2016-06-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_R000583_2015-11-03_Consumer","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NKE 9 days after a Consumer floor speech","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney delivered a 155-word floor speech on 2015-11-03 that the classifier tagged Consumer sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair- man, I have an amendment at the desk. The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: At the end of title I of division A, insert the fo…\"). The member buy $NKE (a Consumer-sector stock) 9 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-11-03","chamber":"House","wordCount":155,"sector":"Consumer","textPreview":"Mr. Chair- man, I have an amendment at the desk. The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: At the end of title I of division A, insert the fo","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/11/03/161/163/CREC-2015-11-03-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NKE","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-11-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-11-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-11-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-10-15"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","sector":"Consumer","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-10-15"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/11/03/161/163/CREC-2015-11-03-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_R000583_2016-06-01","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"77 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2016-06-01 — 71 unique tickers","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney executed 77 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2016-06-01 to 2016-06-02), spanning 71 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2016-06-01","windowEnd":"2016-06-02","tradeCount":77,"uniqueTickers":71,"totalDisclosedTrades":615,"sampleTickers":["QCOM","FDS","PG","CL","EMR","CLX","TGT","CB","SJM","PII"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_R000583","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas J. Rooney disclosed 19 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 6 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY MIC $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney has filed 19 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 6 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY MIC $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-27 · BUY FTAI $250,001 - $500,000 on 2018-12-27 · BUY BKCC $250,001 - $500,000 on 2018-12-27 · BUY FTAI $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-21.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":19,"veryHighCount":6,"lowerBoundSum":2800019,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"MIC","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-27","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FTAI","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-27","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"BKCC","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-27","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"FTAI","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FTAI","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"FTAI","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-05","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_R000583","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas J. Rooney executed 52 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL FTAI (25d apart)","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney has 52 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL FTAI 2017-04-20 → 2017-05-15 (25d) · SELL→BUY BKCC 2018-04-30 → 2018-05-11 (11d) · SELL→BUY CLB 2017-05-15 → 2017-06-14 (30d) · SELL→BUY CLB 2017-12-08 → 2017-12-20 (12d) · BUY→SELL CLB 2017-12-20 → 2018-01-12 (23d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":52,"samples":[{"ticker":"FTAI","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-04-20","date2":"2017-05-15","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"BKCC","days":11,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-04-30","date2":"2018-05-11","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CLB","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-05-15","date2":"2017-06-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CLB","days":12,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-12-08","date2":"2017-12-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CLB","days":23,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-12-20","date2":"2018-01-12","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WY","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-05-15","date2":"2017-06-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AZO","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-05-15","date2":"2017-06-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"WBT","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-05-01","date2":"2017-05-15","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_R000583_2016-12-12","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas J. Rooney — 51 trades on 2016-12-12","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney disclosed 51 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-12-12). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-12-12","count":51}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_R000583","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas J. Rooney — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (609/615)","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":615,"atBracket":609,"pct":"99.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_R000583","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas J. Rooney — 151 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney has traded 151 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":151,"sample":["MIC","FTAI","BKCC","AMAT","CLB","WY","AZO","WBT","BV","SLB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_R000583_BKCC","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas J. Rooney — 19 disclosed trades in single ticker BKCC","explanation":"Thomas J. Rooney traded BKCC on 19 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the BKCC trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"BKCC","count":19}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000554":[{"id":"P3_L000554_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":3,"sells":1,"netBuy":2,"total":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000554_GIS_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GIS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-17, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on GIS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GIS","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GIS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"L000554","name":"Frank A. LoBiondo"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000554_QCOM_2018-12-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-10 and 2018-12-11, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2018-12-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000554","name":"Frank A. LoBiondo"},{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"}],"span":"2018-12-10 to 2018-12-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000554_CB_2016-01-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-15 and 2016-01-21, 3 members took the same direction on CB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","date":"2016-01-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000554","name":"Frank A. LoBiondo"},{"bioguideId":"K000383","name":"Angus King"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2016-01-15 to 2016-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P45_L000554","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"10% of stock trades (6 of 60) in major federal contractors — top: NEE ($14B in contracts, mostly National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","explanation":"Frank A. LoBiondo concentrated 10% of their stock-trading activity (6 of 60 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $97B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NEE","totalContracts":13945196501.249996,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LOW","totalContracts":45560278142.38001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BLK","totalContracts":16614570957.05,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":1},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"MCD","totalContracts":20990522135.58,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":1},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":6,"totalStockTrades":60,"concentrationPct":10,"distinctContractors":4,"topExposure":97110567736.26001}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_L000554_2017-05-17","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"22 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2017-05-17 — 22 unique tickers","explanation":"Frank A. LoBiondo executed 22 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2017-05-17 to 2017-05-17), spanning 22 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2017-05-17","windowEnd":"2017-05-17","tradeCount":22,"uniqueTickers":22,"totalDisclosedTrades":60,"sampleTickers":["WEC","GD","ES","ADI","MSFT","PAYX","NSC","JNJ","APD","MDT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_L000554","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Frank A. LoBiondo draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.7M PAC / $31.9M total)","explanation":"Frank A. LoBiondo's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.7M of $31.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.75,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.92,"pacSharePct":46.2,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H2NJ02037"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NJ02037/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_L000554","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank A. LoBiondo executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL BXLT (29d apart)","explanation":"Frank A. LoBiondo has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL BXLT 2015-07-01 → 2015-07-30 (29d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"BXLT","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-07-01","date2":"2015-07-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_L000554_2017-05-17","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank A. LoBiondo — 22 trades on 2017-05-17","explanation":"Frank A. LoBiondo disclosed 22 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-05-17). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-05-17","count":22}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_L000554","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank A. LoBiondo — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (60/60)","explanation":"Frank A. LoBiondo's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":60,"atBracket":60,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_L000554","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank A. LoBiondo — 42 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Frank A. LoBiondo has traded 42 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":42,"sample":["BLK","GIS","AAPL","QCOM","IBM","GWW","ACN","JPM","SJM","K"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000554_ToprohibittheSecreta","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank A. LoBiondo sponsored \"To prohibit the Secretary of the Interior from issuing oil a\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Frank A. LoBiondo has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To prohibit the Secretary of the Interior from issuing oil and gas leases on portions of the Outer Continental Shelf located off the coast of New Jersey."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"P000609":[{"id":"P3_P000609_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 91% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 11 Finance bills, this member voted YES 10 times (91%). In the same period they made 32 BUYS vs 7 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":11,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":91},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":32,"sells":7,"netBuy":25,"total":39}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_P000609_Defense","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Defense bills while net-buying Defense stocks","explanation":"On 4 Defense bills, this member voted YES 3 times (75%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Defense stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Defense","totalVotes":4,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","buys":3,"sells":1,"netBuy":2,"total":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_P000609_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 100% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 3 Energy bills, this member voted YES 3 times (100%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":3,"yesCount":3,"yesRate":100},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":5,"sells":1,"netBuy":4,"total":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_P000609_l68onl","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"88% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $5,409,986 in itemized individual contributions, $4,770,399 (88%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5409986,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-566364,"$200.01-$499":105567,"$500-$999":321400,"$1000-$1999":778984,"$2000 and over":4770399},"megaShare":88.2,"smallDonorShare":-10.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_P000609_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"767 employees of NONE gave $1,424,675 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 767× NONE = $1,424,675. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":767,"total":1424675,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000609_qla55o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,050 donation spike on 2023-04-11 — 15× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-04-11 this committee recorded $89,050 across 32 contributions — 15× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,951.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551374","date":"2023-04-11","amount":89050,"count":32,"baseline":5951,"ratio":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551374/"]},{"id":"P15_P000609_2rjpad","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,500 donation spike on 2025-06-23 — 14.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-23 this committee recorded $85,500 across 19 contributions — 14.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,084.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551374","date":"2025-06-23","amount":85500,"count":19,"baseline":6084,"ratio":14.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551374/"]},{"id":"P15_P000609_wnh360","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,650 donation spike on 2019-04-30 — 16.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-04-30 this committee recorded $79,650 across 38 contributions — 16.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,897.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551374","date":"2019-04-30","amount":79650,"count":38,"baseline":4897,"ratio":16.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551374/"]},{"id":"P15_P000609_f30pdu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,400 donation spike on 2021-03-10 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-10 this committee recorded $78,400 across 26 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,295.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551374","date":"2021-03-10","amount":78400,"count":26,"baseline":8295,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551374/"]},{"id":"P15_P000609_ql9i6z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,200 donation spike on 2023-05-02 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-02 this committee recorded $64,200 across 11 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,541.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551374","date":"2023-05-02","amount":64200,"count":11,"baseline":9541,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551374/"]},{"id":"P15_P000609_f3il1k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,500 donation spike on 2021-10-23 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-10-23 this committee recorded $60,500 across 17 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,776.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551374","date":"2021-10-23","amount":60500,"count":17,"baseline":6776,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551374/"]},{"id":"P17_P000609_STT_2018-07-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought STT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-12 and 2018-07-19, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on STT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2018-07-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"STT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000800","name":"Peter Welch"}],"span":"2018-07-12 to 2018-07-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000609_GM_2018-07-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-05 and 2018-07-12, 3 members took the same direction on GM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","date":"2018-07-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"}],"span":"2018-07-05 to 2018-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000609_GM_2018-07-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-06 and 2018-07-12, 3 members took the same direction on GM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","date":"2018-07-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"}],"span":"2018-07-06 to 2018-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000609_GM_2018-07-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-10 and 2018-07-16, 3 members took the same direction on GM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","date":"2018-07-10","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"}],"span":"2018-07-10 to 2018-07-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000609_GM_2018-07-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-11 and 2018-07-16, 3 members took the same direction on GM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","date":"2018-07-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"}],"span":"2018-07-11 to 2018-07-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000609_GM_2018-07-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-12 and 2018-07-16, 3 members took the same direction on GM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","date":"2018-07-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-07-12 to 2018-07-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000609_bfi1oy","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Palmer campaign paid $39,255,197 to 50 surname-matched vendors, top: JONES DAY","explanation":"Gary Palmer's campaign paid 223 disbursements totaling $39,255,197 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES DAY","total":33079866.40000001,"count":80,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":1998447.31,"date":"2019-04-02","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":1014704.39,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JONES DAY","amount":950000,"date":"2024-08-07","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES - PERSONAL FUNDS, CHRISTINE","total":1502225.35,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES - PERSONAL FUNDS, CHRISTINE","amount":530000,"date":"2016-10-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JONES - PERSONAL FUNDS, CHRISTINE","amount":400000,"date":"2016-10-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JONES - PERSONAL FUNDS, CHRISTINE","amount":325000,"date":"2016-10-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES DAY CLIENT TRUST ACCT","total":1139430.79,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES DAY CLIENT TRUST ACCT","amount":1139430.79,"date":"2004-07-06","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JONES DAY LAW FIRM","total":628000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JONES DAY LAW FIRM","amount":628000,"date":"2008-04-16","description":"LEGAL","surnameMatched":"jones","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALMER, GEOFF H. MR.","total":230000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"PALMER, GEOFF H. MR.","amount":210000,"date":"2020-11-24","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"palmer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"PALMER, GEOFF H. MR.","amount":20000,"date":"2021-02-12","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"palmer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JONES%20DAY"]},{"id":"P20_P000609_5s91sc","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Gary Palmer sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2018-10-05","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2017-10-09","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Commerce","Department of Energy"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_P000609_Finance","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance BUYs filed 259d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Finance (32 buys vs 7 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":39,"avgGap":259,"buys":32,"sells":7},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":148,"avgGap":203}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_P000609_Transportation","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Transportation BUYs filed 352d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Transportation (5 buys vs 0 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Transportation","count":5,"avgGap":352,"buys":5,"sells":0},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":148,"avgGap":203}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_P000609_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of PAC dollars ($178,887) come from Party industry","explanation":"Gary Palmer receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":178887.29,"share":70.8,"totalPAC":252787.29,"pacCount":13},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":178887.29,"share":70.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":38900,"share":15.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":25000,"share":9.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"RealEstate","amount":5000,"share":2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_P000609","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"86% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 13.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 232 disclosed trades, 200 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 13.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":200,"total":232,"rate":86.2},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":13.39}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_P000609","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Gary Palmer sits on committees regulating Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Telecom, Technology, Energy, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":8},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":32},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":6},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000609","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Finance)","explanation":"Gary Palmer has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Finance","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_P000609_TGT_20180901","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in TGT 26 days before FTC action","explanation":"Gary Palmer traded TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2018-09-01","title":"FTC Brings First-ever Action Targeting “iV Cocktail” Therapy Marketer","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2018/09/ftc-brings-first-ever-action-targeting-iv-cocktail-therapy-marketer"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-06","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2018/09/ftc-brings-first-ever-action-targeting-iv-cocktail-therapy-marketer"]},{"id":"P47_P000609_Auto_Care_Association_118816","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Auto Care Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Gary Palmer sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade, which on 2026-01-13 held a hearing titled \"Examining Legislative Options to Strengthen Motor Vehicle Safety, Ensure Consumer Choice and Affordability, and Cement U…\". The witness Mr. Bill Hanvey (Auto Care Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade","eventId":"118816","title":"Examining Legislative Options to Strengthen Motor Vehicle Safety, Ensure Consumer Choice and Affordability, and Cement U.S. Automotive Leadership.","date":"2026-01-13T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Bill Hanvey","witnessOrg":"Auto Care Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118816"},{"source":"donor","name":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AUTO%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118816","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AUTO%20CARE%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P61_P000609","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $48,900","explanation":"Gary Palmer received campaign contributions totaling $48,900 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($23,900); PANHANDLE FOR EDUCATION AND GOOD GOVERNMENT, INC. ($5,000); BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY ($5,000); THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION ($5,000); ALABAMA FARMERS FEDERATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":48900,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":23900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CSX CORPORATION GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND","ldaClient":"PANHANDLE FOR EDUCATION AND GOOD GOVERNMENT, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY RAILPAC (BNSF RAILPAC)","ldaClient":"BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ELECT - THE PAC OF THE ALABAMA FARMERS FEDERATION","ldaClient":"ALABAMA FARMERS FEDERATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_P000609","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $89,050 on 2023-04-11 (15.0× normal)","explanation":"Gary Palmer's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $89,050 on 2023-04-11 — 15.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":254200,"maxRatio":16.3,"maxAmount":89050},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-04-11","amount":89050,"ratio":15,"baselineDaily":5951,"count":32,"cmteId":"C00551374","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00551374&min_date=2023-04-11&max_date=2023-04-11"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-23","amount":85500,"ratio":14.1,"baselineDaily":6084,"count":19,"cmteId":"C00551374","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00551374&min_date=2025-06-23&max_date=2025-06-23"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-04-30","amount":79650,"ratio":16.3,"baselineDaily":4897,"count":38,"cmteId":"C00551374","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00551374&min_date=2019-04-30&max_date=2019-04-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551374/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00551374&min_date=2023-04-11&max_date=2023-04-11"]},{"id":"P65_P000609_2018-07-31","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-07-31 — 54 unique tickers","explanation":"Gary Palmer executed 57 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-07-31 to 2018-08-06), spanning 54 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-07-31","windowEnd":"2018-08-06","tradeCount":57,"uniqueTickers":54,"totalDisclosedTrades":232,"sampleTickers":["CI","GOOGL","AMZN","HUM","DG","APTV","TJX","ASML","SYY","RF"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_P000609","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Gary Palmer appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (6); coordinated trade cluster (6); vote trade alignment (3); net buy delayed disclosure (2); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":6},{"type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","count":3},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000609","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_P000609","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Palmer's campaign paid $917,415 to 15 surname-matched vendors — top: CHARLIE PALMER STEAK ($207,770)","explanation":"Gary Palmer's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 30 payments totaling $917,415 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CHARLIE PALMER STEAK ($207,770 across 9 payments, services: GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS · FOOD/BEVERAGE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2020, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":917415.3199999998,"paymentCount":30,"payeeCount":15,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CHARLIE PALMER STEAK","total":207769.62,"count":9,"descriptions":["GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS","FOOD/BEVERAGE"]},{"payee":"THOR PALMER HOUSE HOTEL","total":200000,"count":1,"descriptions":["VENUE RENTAL"]},{"payee":"HILTON PALMER HOUSE","total":96053.31,"count":2,"descriptions":["DNC 2024 LODGING","FOOD AND BEVERAGE"]},{"payee":"PALMER HOUSE HILTON","total":75534.79999999999,"count":4,"descriptions":["GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS","FUNDRAISING EVENT EXPENSE - FOOD AND DRI","SITE AND EQUIPMENT  RENTAL"]},{"payee":"CHARLIE PALMER STEAKHOUSE","total":72063.7,"count":3,"descriptions":["FOOD/BEVERAGE","FOOD AND BEVERAGE","FOOD & BEVERAGE"]}],"surname":"palmer"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4AL06098&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_P000609","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Palmer named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.6M total receipts) — top: PALMER VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Gary Palmer appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: PALMER VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00624627, $2.6M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.64,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00624627","name":"PALMER VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":2636243.3,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00624627/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00624627/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00624627/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P141_P000609","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Palmer executed 12 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL CTL (18d apart)","explanation":"Gary Palmer has 12 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL CTL 2018-09-17 → 2018-10-05 (18d) · BUY→SELL NTRS 2018-09-24 → 2018-10-05 (11d) · BUY→SELL COF 2017-04-04 → 2017-05-01 (27d) · BUY→SELL MSFT 2018-07-12 → 2018-07-16 (4d) · SELL→BUY MSFT 2018-07-16 → 2018-08-06 (21d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":12,"samples":[{"ticker":"CTL","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-09-17","date2":"2018-10-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NTRS","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-09-24","date2":"2018-10-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"COF","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-04-04","date2":"2017-05-01","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-07-12","date2":"2018-07-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","days":21,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-07-16","date2":"2018-08-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"V","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-07-12","date2":"2018-07-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"V","days":21,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-07-16","date2":"2018-08-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CI","days":6,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-07-31","date2":"2018-08-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_P000609","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary Palmer triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Gary Palmer accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":21}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_P000609_2018-08-06","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Palmer — 52 trades on 2018-08-06","explanation":"Gary Palmer disclosed 52 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-08-06). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-08-06","count":52}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_P000609","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gary Palmer — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (232/232)","explanation":"Gary Palmer's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":232,"atBracket":232,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_P000609","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary Palmer — 106 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Gary Palmer has traded 106 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":106,"sample":["T","ASND","BIIB","WBA","AAPL","MTD","GM","CSCO","BBY","SYY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"Y000063":[{"id":"P3_Y000063_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 83% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 12 Energy bills, this member voted YES 10 times (83%). In the same period they made 6 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":12,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":83},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":6,"sells":0,"netBuy":6,"total":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_Y000063_m6yblo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $5,652,404 in itemized individual contributions, $3,671,274 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5652404,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-33267,"$200.01-$499":225433,"$500-$999":560284,"$1000-$1999":1228680,"$2000 and over":3671274},"megaShare":65,"smallDonorShare":-0.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_Y000063_le12bw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,050 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $76,050 across 57 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,667.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472365","date":"2017-03-31","amount":76050,"count":57,"baseline":12667,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472365/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000063_4ctbxe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,550 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $75,550 across 46 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,476.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472365","date":"2011-06-30","amount":75550,"count":46,"baseline":9476,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472365/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000063_4dakko","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,835 donation spike on 2011-12-31 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-31 this committee recorded $52,835 across 49 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,817.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472365","date":"2011-12-31","amount":52835,"count":49,"baseline":5817,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472365/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000063_le4w91","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,650 donation spike on 2017-09-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-30 this committee recorded $52,650 across 23 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,154.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472365","date":"2017-09-30","amount":52650,"count":23,"baseline":8154,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472365/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000063_xplwcp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,350 donation spike on 2013-06-24 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-24 this committee recorded $52,350 across 111 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,894.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472365","date":"2013-06-24","amount":52350,"count":111,"baseline":6894,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472365/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000063_yykvjj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,050 donation spike on 2018-09-19 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-19 this committee recorded $51,050 across 38 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,955.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472365","date":"2018-09-19","amount":51050,"count":38,"baseline":7955,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472365/"]},{"id":"P32_Y000063","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 4.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 26 disclosed trades, 8 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 4.8× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":8,"total":26,"rate":30.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":4.78}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_Y000063","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Yoder draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.2M PAC / $27.5M total)","explanation":"Kevin Yoder's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.2M of $27.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":27.53,"pacSharePct":44.2,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H0KS03137"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0KS03137/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001051":[{"id":"P3_H001051_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 19 BUYS vs 15 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":19,"sells":15,"netBuy":4,"total":34}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001051_CL_2016-10-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-10-11 and 2016-10-14, 3 members took the same direction on CL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CL","date":"2016-10-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"}],"span":"2016-10-11 to 2016-10-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001051_QCOM_2014-11-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-11-06 and 2014-11-13, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2014-11-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2014-11-06 to 2014-11-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001051_QCOM_2014-11-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-11-06 and 2014-11-13, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2014-11-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2014-11-06 to 2014-11-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001051_MDT_2015-01-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought MDT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-21 and 2015-01-27, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on MDT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2015-01-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MDT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2015-01-21 to 2015-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001051_MDT_2015-01-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought MDT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-27 and 2015-01-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on MDT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2015-01-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MDT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2015-01-27 to 2015-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001051_EBAY_2015-07-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold EBAY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-07-21 and 2015-07-27, 3 members took the same direction on EBAY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EBAY","date":"2015-07-21","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EBAY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2015-07-21 to 2015-07-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001051_ESRX_2014-04-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ESRX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-04-23 and 2014-04-29, 3 members took the same direction on ESRX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ESRX","date":"2014-04-23","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ESRX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001071","name":"Bob Corker"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2014-04-23 to 2014-04-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001051_VSM_2016-10-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought VSM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-10-03 and 2016-10-07, 3 members took the same direction on VSM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VSM","date":"2016-10-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VSM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2016-10-03 to 2016-10-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_H001051_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 48d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (12 buys vs 8 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":20,"avgGap":48,"buys":12,"sells":8},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":157,"avgGap":30}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_H001051_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Richard L. Hanna cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APA","date":"2014-12-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","daysDiff":4,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2014-12-05","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":4,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"APA","date":"2014-11-19","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_H001051_AAPL_20140101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 trades in AAPL 9 days before FTC action","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna sold AAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-01-01","title":"Apple Inc. Will Provide Full Consumer Refunds of At Least $32.5 Million to Settle FTC Complaint It Charged for Kids’ In-App Purchases Without Parental Consent","penalty":32500000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/01/apple-inc-will-provide-full-consumer-refunds-least-325-million-settle-ftc-complaint-it-charged-kids"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2013-12-30","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2013-12-26","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2013-12-23","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/01/apple-inc-will-provide-full-consumer-refunds-least-325-million-settle-ftc-complaint-it-charged-kids"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_BAC_20151209","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of BAC in 2015-Q4 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in BAC during 2015-Q4, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-09","quarter":"2015-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q4","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_GS_20151104","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GS in 2015-Q4 while THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in GS during 2015-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-11-04","quarter":"2015-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q4","matchedClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","GOLDMAN, SACHS & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_JPM_20151014","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2015-Q4 while JPMORGAN CHASE & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in JPM during 2015-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE & CO, JP MORGAN CHASE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-10-14","quarter":"2015-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q4","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO","JP MORGAN CHASE","JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_GS_20151001","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2015-Q3 while THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a sell in GS during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-10-01","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_CVX_20150930","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2015-Q3 while CHEVRON had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a sell in CVX during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON, CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-30","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["CHEVRON","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON CORP."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_COP_20150930","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of COP in 2015-Q3 while CONOCOPHILLIPS had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a sell in COP during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (CONOCOPHILLIPS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-30","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["CONOCOPHILLIPS"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_BAC_20150930","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2015-Q3 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a sell in BAC during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-09-30","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_BAC_20150716","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of BAC in 2015-Q3 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in BAC during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-16","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_GOOGL_20150618","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2015-Q2 while GOOGLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in GOOGL during 2015-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE, INC., GOOGLE INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-06-18","quarter":"2015-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q2","matchedClients":["GOOGLE, INC.","GOOGLE INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_GOOGL_20150220","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2015-Q1 while GOOGLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in GOOGL during 2015-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-20","quarter":"2015-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_GOOGL_20150205","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GOOGL in 2015-Q1 while GOOGLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in GOOGL during 2015-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOOGLE INC., GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-05","quarter":"2015-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q1","matchedClients":["GOOGLE INC.","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC","GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES, LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_GS_20140826","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GS in 2014-Q3 while THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in GS during 2014-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-26","quarter":"2014-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q3","matchedClients":["THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_UNH_20140819","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2014-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in UNH during 2014-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-19","quarter":"2014-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_UNH_20140708","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of UNH in 2014-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in UNH during 2014-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-07-08","quarter":"2014-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_GS_20140613","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2014-Q2 while GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a sell in GS during 2014-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-13","quarter":"2014-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q2","matchedClients":["GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN, SACHS & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_JPM_20140613","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JPM in 2014-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a sell in JPM during 2014-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE & CO, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-06-13","quarter":"2014-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_JPM_20140430","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JPM in 2014-Q2 while JPMORGAN CHASE & CO had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in JPM during 2014-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JPMORGAN CHASE & CO, JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-30","quarter":"2014-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q2","matchedClients":["JPMORGAN CHASE & CO","JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.","JP MORGAN CHASE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_H001051_GS_20140226","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of GS in 2014-Q1 while GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed a buy in GS during 2014-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC, THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-26","quarter":"2014-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q1","matchedClients":["GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","GOLDMAN, SACHS & COMPANY"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P65_H001051_2013-12-23","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"23 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2013-12-23 — 17 unique tickers","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna executed 23 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2013-12-23 to 2013-12-30), spanning 17 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2013-12-23","windowEnd":"2013-12-30","tradeCount":23,"uniqueTickers":17,"totalDisclosedTrades":362,"sampleTickers":["CSCO","SLB","SCZ","DFS","AAPL","NOV","APA","KKD","VWO","FDX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_H001051","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard L. Hanna draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.4M PAC / $10.3M total)","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.4M of $10.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.29,"pacSharePct":33.3,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H8NY24066"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY24066/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_H001051","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard L. Hanna disclosed 81 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL PRGO $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna has filed 81 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL PRGO $250,001 - $500,000 on 2017-12-05 · SELL CAH $100,001 - $250,000 on 2017-11-17 · BUY RHHBY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2016-12-19 · SELL ALNY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2016-12-13.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":81,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":8400081,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"PRGO","action":"SELL","date":"2017-12-05","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"CAH","action":"SELL","date":"2017-11-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"RHHBY","action":"BUY","date":"2016-12-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ALNY","action":"SELL","date":"2016-12-13","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NVS","action":"SELL","date":"2016-12-05","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SNY","action":"SELL","date":"2016-11-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_H001051","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard L. Hanna executed 19 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY ALNY (0d apart)","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna has 19 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY ALNY 2016-12-30 → 2016-12-30 (0d) · BUY→SELL SYNA 2015-01-16 → 2015-01-30 (14d) · SELL→BUY SYNA 2015-01-30 → 2015-02-02 (3d) · SELL→BUY SYNA 2015-07-16 → 2015-07-16 (0d) · BUY→SELL APA 2014-11-19 → 2014-12-15 (26d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":19,"samples":[{"ticker":"ALNY","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2016-12-30","date2":"2016-12-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"SYNA","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-01-16","date2":"2015-01-30","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"SYNA","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-01-30","date2":"2015-02-02","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SYNA","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-07-16","date2":"2015-07-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"APA","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-11-19","date2":"2014-12-15","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SNI","days":4,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-01-23","date2":"2014-01-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SNI","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-10-17","date2":"2014-11-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"SPY","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-07-29","date2":"2016-08-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_H001051_2016-12-28","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard L. Hanna — 11 trades on 2016-12-28","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna disclosed 11 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-12-28). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-12-28","count":11}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_H001051","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard L. Hanna — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (360/362)","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":362,"atBracket":360,"pct":"99.4"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_H001051","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard L. Hanna — 131 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna has traded 131 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":131,"sample":["PRGO","CAH","ALNY","SYNA","HES","IBB","LVS","ETN","BAX","QRVO"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_H001051_SYNA","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard L. Hanna — 12 disclosed trades in single ticker SYNA","explanation":"Richard L. Hanna traded SYNA on 12 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SYNA trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SYNA","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"R000589":[{"id":"P3_R000589_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":2,"sells":1,"netBuy":1,"total":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_R000589_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 83% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 12 Energy bills, this member voted YES 10 times (83%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 2 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":12,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":83},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":5,"sells":2,"netBuy":3,"total":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_R000589_c9etwg","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"E. Scott Rigell sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2016-12-15","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2016-03-16","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":361340129.54,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_R000589","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"54% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 8.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 81 disclosed trades, 44 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 8.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":44,"total":81,"rate":54.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":8.44}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_R000589_SO_20161001","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in SO 12 days before FTC action","explanation":"E. Scott Rigell sold SO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2016-10-01","title":"FTC Presents Criminal Liaison Unit Award to Fraud and Cybercrime Unit of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/10/ftc-presents-criminal-liaison-unit-award-fraud-cybercrime-unit-us-attorneys-office-southern-district"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2016-09-19","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/10/ftc-presents-criminal-liaison-unit-award-fraud-cybercrime-unit-us-attorneys-office-southern-district"]},{"id":"P37_R000589_JNJ_20161121","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2016-Q4 while NATIONAL JOHNSON O'MALLEY ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"E. Scott Rigell executed a buy in JNJ during 2016-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (NATIONAL JOHNSON O'MALLEY ASSOCIATION, JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2016-11-21","quarter":"2016-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q4","matchedClients":["NATIONAL JOHNSON O'MALLEY ASSOCIATION","JOHNSON & WALES UNIVERSITY","JOHNSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P65_R000589_2016-03-03","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"26 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2016-03-03 — 22 unique tickers","explanation":"E. Scott Rigell executed 26 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2016-03-03 to 2016-03-10), spanning 22 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2016-03-03","windowEnd":"2016-03-10","tradeCount":26,"uniqueTickers":22,"totalDisclosedTrades":81,"sampleTickers":["ABBV","LOW","GIS","PEP","D","PG","CVX","MSFT","OHI","GSK"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_R000589","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"E. Scott Rigell executed 7 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL BP (7d apart)","explanation":"E. Scott Rigell has 7 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL BP 2016-12-07 → 2016-12-14 (7d) · BUY→SELL BA 2016-11-30 → 2016-12-09 (9d) · SELL→BUY GLD 2016-02-19 → 2016-03-09 (19d) · BUY→SELL JBLU 2016-03-08 → 2016-03-22 (14d) · BUY→SELL D 2016-03-08 → 2016-03-10 (2d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":7,"samples":[{"ticker":"BP","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-12-07","date2":"2016-12-14","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BA","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-11-30","date2":"2016-12-09","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GLD","days":19,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2016-02-19","date2":"2016-03-09","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JBLU","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-03-08","date2":"2016-03-22","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"D","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-03-08","date2":"2016-03-10","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CFG","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-03-08","date2":"2016-03-10","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"OHI","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-03-08","date2":"2016-03-10","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_R000589_2016-03-08","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"E. Scott Rigell — 19 trades on 2016-03-08","explanation":"E. Scott Rigell disclosed 19 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-03-08). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-03-08","count":19}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_R000589","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"E. Scott Rigell — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (81/81)","explanation":"E. Scott Rigell's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":81,"atBracket":81,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_R000589","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"E. Scott Rigell — 40 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"E. Scott Rigell has traded 40 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":40,"sample":["LOW","MO","PEP","JNJ","BP","PG","XLF","RAI","BA","V"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"W000413":[{"id":"P3_W000413_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 83% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 12 Energy bills, this member voted YES 10 times (83%). In the same period they made 2 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":12,"yesCount":10,"yesRate":83},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":2,"sells":0,"netBuy":2,"total":2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P3_W000413_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 75% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 6 times (75%). In the same period they made 5 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":6,"yesRate":75},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":5,"sells":0,"netBuy":5,"total":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000413_LLY_2016-01-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-22 and 2016-01-29, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2016-01-22","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"W000413","name":"Ed Whitfield"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"}],"span":"2016-01-22 to 2016-01-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_W000413_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Ed Whitfield cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2014-09-22","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":4,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P49_W000413_2016-05-25_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GE 20 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Ed Whitfield delivered a 171-word floor speech on 2016-05-25 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, today I rise in support of the House amendment to S. 2012, the Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2016. In December of last year,…\"). The member buy $GE (a Industrials-sector stock) 20 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-05-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":171,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Speaker, today I rise in support of the House amendment to S. 2012, the Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2016. In December of last year,","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/25/162/83/CREC-2016-05-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/05/25/162/83/CREC-2016-05-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P138_W000413","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ed Whitfield draws 60% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.1M PAC / $25.1M total)","explanation":"Ed Whitfield's FEC-bulk record shows 60% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.1M of $25.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.13,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.11,"pacSharePct":60.3,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H4KY01040"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4KY01040/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_W000413","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ed Whitfield executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL CHTR (1d apart)","explanation":"Ed Whitfield has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL CHTR 2016-07-06 → 2016-07-07 (1d) · BUY→SELL WBA 2016-01-25 → 2016-02-22 (28d) · SELL→BUY MSG 2015-11-24 → 2015-11-24 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"CHTR","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-07-06","date2":"2016-07-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WBA","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-01-25","date2":"2016-02-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MSG","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-11-24","date2":"2015-11-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_W000413","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ed Whitfield — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (143/143)","explanation":"Ed Whitfield's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":143,"atBracket":143,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_W000413","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ed Whitfield — 74 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Ed Whitfield has traded 74 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":74,"sample":["DEO","PG","CNQ","DEA","CHTR","LILA","BIIB","AVGO","WBA","NXPI"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"F000451":[{"id":"P3_F000451_Finance","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 88% on Finance bills while net-buying Finance stocks","explanation":"On 8 Finance bills, this member voted YES 7 times (88%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 0 SELLS in Finance stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Finance","totalVotes":8,"yesCount":7,"yesRate":88},{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","buys":3,"sells":0,"netBuy":3,"total":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_F000451_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2684 employees of RETIRED gave $1,698,888 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2684× RETIRED = $1,698,888. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":2684,"total":1698888,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000451_zfbebj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,957 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $58,957 across 64 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,760.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475103","date":"2011-06-30","amount":58957,"count":64,"baseline":6760,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475103/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_w6dbjp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$171,125 donation spike on 2021-11-08 — 20.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-08 this committee recorded $171,125 across 123 contributions — 20.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,467.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2021-11-08","amount":171125,"count":123,"baseline":8467,"ratio":20.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_cdkxvh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$123,036 donation spike on 2016-09-30 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-30 this committee recorded $123,036 across 103 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,702.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2016-09-30","amount":123036,"count":103,"baseline":13702,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_cdhqvf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,150 donation spike on 2016-04-06 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-04-06 this committee recorded $101,150 across 79 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,965.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2016-04-06","amount":101150,"count":79,"baseline":12965,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_cdh3yc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,400 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $81,400 across 78 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,915.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2016-03-31","amount":81400,"count":78,"baseline":9915,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_w6v75o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,125 donation spike on 2021-04-16 — 14.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-16 this committee recorded $79,125 across 40 contributions — 14.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,602.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2021-04-16","amount":79125,"count":40,"baseline":5602,"ratio":14.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_cdj0ww","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,425 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $76,425 across 66 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,009.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2016-06-30","amount":76425,"count":66,"baseline":8009,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_taudmc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,700 donation spike on 2018-03-15 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-15 this committee recorded $73,700 across 47 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,763.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2018-03-15","amount":73700,"count":47,"baseline":5763,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_2tzfr8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,325 donation spike on 2023-09-22 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-22 this committee recorded $71,325 across 42 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,215.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2023-09-22","amount":71325,"count":42,"baseline":6215,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P15_F000451_hihjvl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,530 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $70,530 across 39 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,517.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00607416","date":"2022-03-31","amount":70530,"count":39,"baseline":5517,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/"]},{"id":"P17_F000451_COV_2014-07-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold COV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-07-31 and 2014-08-07, 3 members took the same direction on COV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COV","date":"2014-07-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"COV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"F000451","name":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick"}],"span":"2014-07-31 to 2014-08-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_F000451_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Michael G. Fitzpatrick cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","date":"2014-09-19","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2014-09-19","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_F000451","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.5M across 12 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick's FEC-bulk record shows $21.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $52.6M (PAC: $21.5M, individual: $20.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.64,"lifetimeIndividualM":20.66,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6PA08277"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA08277/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_F000451","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($21.5M PAC / $52.6M total)","explanation":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($21.5M of $52.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":21.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.64,"pacSharePct":40.8,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6PA08277"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA08277/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P179_F000451","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (35/35)","explanation":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":35,"atBracket":35,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_F000451","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick — 30 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick has traded 30 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":30,"sample":["LYB","DD","SBUX","CL","TD","MCD","GIS","MET","HON","PNR"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"R000011":[{"id":"P3_R000011_Energy","pattern_type":"P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Voted YES 67% on Energy bills while net-buying Energy stocks","explanation":"On 12 Energy bills, this member voted YES 8 times (67%). In the same period they made 3 BUYS vs 1 SELLS in Energy stocks — a net-long position.","evidence":[{"source":"votes","sector":"Energy","totalVotes":12,"yesCount":8,"yesRate":67},{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","buys":3,"sells":1,"netBuy":2,"total":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_R000011_1r2","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Nick J. Rahall sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2014-01-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3321853.0300000003,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_R000011_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Nick J. Rahall cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","date":"2014-12-17","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":6,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","date":"2014-12-15","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":4,"sector":"Energy"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MUR","date":"2014-12-01","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":0,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P24_R000011_v5exyj","pattern_type":"P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded MUR (Energy) the same day as voting on Energy legislation","explanation":"Nick J. Rahall executed sector-matching trades on the same calendar day they cast sector-related votes. This is the tightest possible timing correlation in our data — ask whether the trade was placed before or after the vote was cast.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MUR","date":"2014-12-01","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","sector":"Energy","daysDiff":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_R000011","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Nick J. Rahall sits on committees regulating Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Energy, Technology. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":4},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000011","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy)","explanation":"Nick J. Rahall has findings in 5 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":5,"totalFindings":5,"highSeverityCount":0,"patternsList":["P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P24_SAME_DAY_VOTE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","P3_VOTE_TRADE_ALIGNMENT"],"count":4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000011","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nick J. Rahall draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.9M PAC / $23.9M total)","explanation":"Nick J. Rahall's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.9M of $23.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.92,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.91,"pacSharePct":54,"cycleCount":37,"fecId":"H6WV04057"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WV04057/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_R000011","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nick J. Rahall executed 14 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL MPC (2d apart)","explanation":"Nick J. Rahall has 14 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL MPC 2014-12-15 → 2014-12-17 (2d) · BUY→SELL DBA 2014-09-19 → 2014-10-14 (25d) · SELL→BUY DBA 2014-10-14 → 2014-10-28 (14d) · BUY→SELL ARCP 2014-10-13 → 2014-10-21 (8d) · SELL→BUY PBYI 2014-07-23 → 2014-07-24 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":14,"samples":[{"ticker":"MPC","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-12-15","date2":"2014-12-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DBA","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-09-19","date2":"2014-10-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DBA","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-10-14","date2":"2014-10-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ARCP","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-10-13","date2":"2014-10-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PBYI","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-07-23","date2":"2014-07-24","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"PBYI","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-09-10","date2":"2014-09-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SLV","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-01-29","date2":"2014-02-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GIMO","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-04-08","date2":"2014-05-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_R000011","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nick J. Rahall — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (53/53)","explanation":"Nick J. Rahall's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":53,"atBracket":53,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000560":[{"id":"P4_L000560_Technology","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology trades filed 302d late on avg — overall avg only 220d","explanation":"In Technology (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 301.5 days — versus 220.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":4,"avgGap":302},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":60,"avgGap":220},{"source":"pac","sector":"Technology","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000560_RealEstate","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RealEstate trades filed 340d late on avg — overall avg only 220d","explanation":"In RealEstate (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 339.7 days — versus 220.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"RealEstate","count":3,"avgGap":340},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":60,"avgGap":220},{"source":"pac","sector":"RealEstate","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000560_Transportation","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Transportation trades filed 289d late on avg — overall avg only 220d","explanation":"In Transportation (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 289.2 days — versus 220.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Transportation","count":6,"avgGap":289},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":60,"avgGap":220},{"source":"pac","sector":"Transportation","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000560_Energy","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy trades filed 351d late on avg — overall avg only 220d","explanation":"In Energy (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 351.0 days — versus 220.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":4,"avgGap":351},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":60,"avgGap":220},{"source":"pac","sector":"Energy","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000560_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare trades filed 252d late on avg — overall avg only 220d","explanation":"In Healthcare (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 251.6 days — versus 220.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":8,"avgGap":252},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":60,"avgGap":220},{"source":"pac","sector":"Healthcare","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P7_L000560_ke6lau","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,745,681 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,745,681 opposing this member across 76 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3745681.16,"totalSupport":54658.44000000001,"events":76,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":3123752.44},{"name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","oppose":561995.47},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":31865.48},{"name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","oppose":26062.27},{"name":"Revere America","oppose":1155.5}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_L000560_ipvk0z","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$36,189 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $36,189 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":36189.49,"oppose":0,"net":36189.49,"events":21,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":11140.05,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6226.13,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":3883.04,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":3651.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":3543.56,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000560_efmtth","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,322,477 / spent $1,236,970","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00551168","cmteName":"PUGET PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":96500,"totalDisbursements":63192.6,"cashOnHand":33307.44},{"cmteId":"C00551168","cmteName":"PUGET PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":107500,"totalDisbursements":116783,"cashOnHand":24024.45},{"cmteId":"C00551168","cmteName":"PUGET PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":127000,"totalDisbursements":124395.8,"cashOnHand":26628.66},{"cmteId":"C00551168","cmteName":"PUGET PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":144000,"totalDisbursements":160504.8,"cashOnHand":10123.82},{"cmteId":"C00551168","cmteName":"PUGET PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":213500,"totalDisbursements":215987.2,"cashOnHand":7636.63}],"totalRaised":1322476.5,"totalSpent":1236969.5999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000560_NEE_2025-04-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-03 and 2025-04-09, 4 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"E000296","name":"Dwight Evans"},{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"L000560","name":"Rick Larsen"}],"span":"2025-04-03 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000560_NEE_2025-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold NEE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2025-04-07 and 2025-04-09, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on NEE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NEE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001217","name":"Jared Moskowitz"},{"bioguideId":"B001327","name":"Robert Bresnahan"},{"bioguideId":"L000560","name":"Rick Larsen"}],"span":"2025-04-07 to 2025-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000560_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Larsen executed 4 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2026-01-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-01-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2022-07-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2021-01-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries; Closure of the General Category December Fishery for","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-12-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; Quota Transfer From New York to North Carolina","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-12-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000560_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Larsen executed 4 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","date":"2025-10-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","date":"2021-07-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PXD","date":"2021-07-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"IFR Altitudes; Miscellaneous Amendments","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-09-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Class E Airspace; Edenton, NC","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2025-03-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000560_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Larsen executed 5 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2025-10-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2024-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2024-01-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2022-07-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standards of Conduct; Revocation of Superseded Regulations; Revision of Residual Provisions; Correction","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2025-09-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revocation of Uses of Partially Hydrogenated Oils in Foods; Confirmation of Effective Date","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-12-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000560_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Larsen executed 11 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2025-04-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BR","date":"2025-01-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HIG","date":"2024-07-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"FDIC Official Signs and Advertising Requirements, False Advertising, Misrepresentation of Insured Status, and Misuse of ","agency":"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","date":"2025-03-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taxable Income or Loss and Currency Gain or Loss With Respect to a Qualified Business Unit","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2024-12-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000560_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Larsen executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2025-01-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2025-01-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2023-04-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Defense and Space S.A. (Formerly Known as Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A.) Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2024-12-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Defense and Space S.A. (Formerly Known as Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A.) Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2024-12-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000560_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Rick Larsen executed 3 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ODFL","date":"2024-07-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2021-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-5,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2020-11-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Standards for Accessible Medical Diagnostic Equipment","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2024-07-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Montana Rail Link, Inc.-Petition for Rulemaking-Classification of Carriers","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_L000560_9yjevy","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Larsen campaign paid $2,423,588 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: LARSEN, CHRISTIAN","explanation":"Rick Larsen's campaign paid 114 disbursements totaling $2,423,588 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LARSEN, CHRISTIAN","total":1038000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LARSEN, CHRISTIAN","amount":1000000,"date":"2024-08-14","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT; IN-KIND: 1,754,815.29 XRP NOT LIQUIDATED","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LARSEN, CHRISTIAN","amount":38000,"date":"2024-10-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LARSEN, FLEMMING","total":955000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"LARSEN, FLEMMING","amount":500000,"date":"2024-06-12","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LARSEN, FLEMMING","amount":200000,"date":"2024-06-12","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LARSEN, FLEMMING","amount":150000,"date":"2024-06-12","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FEATHER, LARSEN & SYNHORS","total":133189.83000000002,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"FEATHER, LARSEN & SYNHORS","amount":24439.8,"date":"2005-09-27","description":"LOW DOLLAR FUNDRAISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FEATHER, LARSEN & SYNHORS","amount":19247.2,"date":"2005-10-11","description":"LOW DOLLAR TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"FEATHER, LARSEN & SYNHORS","amount":16693.61,"date":"2003-12-02","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LARSEN, CHRIS","total":110800,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LARSEN, CHRIS","amount":100000,"date":"2021-01-12","description":"","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LARSEN, CHRIS","amount":10800,"date":"2019-08-22","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LARSEN, IAN D.","total":25500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LARSEN, IAN D.","amount":25500,"date":"2019-12-12","description":"FIELD SERVICES CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"larsen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LARSEN"]},{"id":"P21_L000560_Consumer","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Consumer BUYs filed 380d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Consumer (4 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Consumer","count":7,"avgGap":380,"buys":4,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":60,"avgGap":220}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_L000560_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 253d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (3 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":5,"avgGap":253,"buys":3,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":60,"avgGap":220}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_L000560_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Agriculture trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Agriculture bills","explanation":"Member Rick Larsen cast Agriculture-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","date":"2026-01-07","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":20,"sector":"Agriculture"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_L000560","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"41% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 6.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 69 disclosed trades, 28 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 6.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":28,"total":69,"rate":40.6},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000560","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Rick Larsen has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":15,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_L000560_ELV_20230106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ELV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $ELV 1 day after a corporate insider (Todt Blair Williams  (CIK 0001456430)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Todt Blair Williams  (CIK 0001456430)","filingDate":"2023-01-05","adsh":"0001156039-23-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_VRSK_20260107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VRSK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $VRSK 1 day after a corporate insider (Purtill Sabra R.  (CIK 0001876923)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRSK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRSK","filer":"Purtill Sabra R.  (CIK 0001876923)","filingDate":"2026-01-06","adsh":"0001193125-26-004575","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_FAST_20220106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FAST 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $FAST 1 day after a corporate insider (Nielsen Sarah N  (CIK 0001344393)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FAST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FAST","filer":"Nielsen Sarah N  (CIK 0001344393)","filingDate":"2022-01-05","adsh":"0001179110-22-000201","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_ABT_20230106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $ABT 2 days after a corporate insider (Roman Michael F  (CIK 0001577544)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Roman Michael F  (CIK 0001577544)","filingDate":"2023-01-04","adsh":"0001415889-23-000437","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_BLK_20230106","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BLK 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $BLK 2 days after a corporate insider (Daley Pamela  (CIK 0001290705)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Daley Pamela  (CIK 0001290705)","filingDate":"2023-01-04","adsh":"0001127602-23-000637","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_MRK_20220707","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MRK 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $MRK 2 days after a corporate insider (Seidman Christine E  (CIK 0001805745)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRK","filer":"Seidman Christine E  (CIK 0001805745)","filingDate":"2022-07-05","adsh":"0001127602-22-018671","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_HSY_20221005","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HSY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $HSY 2 days after a corporate insider (Schoppert Wendy Lee  (CIK 0001321558)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HSY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HSY","filer":"Schoppert Wendy Lee  (CIK 0001321558)","filingDate":"2022-10-03","adsh":"0001127602-22-023238","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_GOOGL_20250107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $GOOGL 4 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0000950170-25-000947","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_ABT_20251006","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $ABT 4 days after a corporate insider (Stratton John G  (CIK 0001385262)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Stratton John G  (CIK 0001385262)","filingDate":"2025-10-02","adsh":"0001385262-25-000009","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_CMCSA_20250107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $CMCSA 4 days after a corporate insider (BREEN EDWARD D  (CIK 0001223619)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"BREEN EDWARD D  (CIK 0001223619)","filingDate":"2025-01-03","adsh":"0001225208-25-000185","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_AEP_20251006","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AEP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $AEP 4 days after a corporate insider (McCarthy Margaret M  (CIK 0001485980)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-10-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AEP","filer":"McCarthy Margaret M  (CIK 0001485980)","filingDate":"2025-10-02","adsh":"0001628280-25-043579","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000560_NEE_20250409","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NEE 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $NEE 5 days after a corporate insider (YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"YEE KENT NEE HUNG  (CIK 0001514491)","filingDate":"2025-04-04","adsh":"0001020710-25-000058","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_MA_20230705","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $MA 1 day before a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL, L.P.  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL, L.P.  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2023-07-06","adsh":"0001140361-23-033441"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_PNC_20230705","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PNC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $PNC 1 day before a corporate insider (Khator Renu  (CIK 0001694495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNC","filer":"Khator Renu  (CIK 0001694495)","filingDate":"2023-07-06","adsh":"0001209191-23-041489"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_SRE_20210701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SRE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $SRE 1 day before a corporate insider (WARNER CYNTHIA J  (CIK 0001570212)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SRE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SRE","filer":"WARNER CYNTHIA J  (CIK 0001570212)","filingDate":"2021-07-02","adsh":"0001771474-21-000060"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_PAYX_20230705","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PAYX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $PAYX 5 days before a corporate insider (TUCCI JOSEPH M  (CIK 0001189198)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAYX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-07-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PAYX","filer":"TUCCI JOSEPH M  (CIK 0001189198)","filingDate":"2023-07-10","adsh":"0001209191-23-041905"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_UNP_20210331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNP 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $UNP 5 days before a corporate insider (HOPKINS DEBORAH C  (CIK 0001127293)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"HOPKINS DEBORAH C  (CIK 0001127293)","filingDate":"2021-04-05","adsh":"0000100885-21-000139"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_EOG_20210701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EOG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $EOG 5 days before a corporate insider (Donaldson Michael P  (CIK 0001376006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EOG","filer":"Donaldson Michael P  (CIK 0001376006)","filingDate":"2021-07-06","adsh":"0001127602-21-021549"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_BMY_20201125","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BMY 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $BMY 5 days before a corporate insider (von Autenried Paul  (CIK 0001524143)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BMY","filer":"von Autenried Paul  (CIK 0001524143)","filingDate":"2020-11-30","adsh":"0000014272-20-000289"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_ALL_20210701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ALL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $ALL 5 days before a corporate insider (KSN Fund X, L.P.  (CIK 0001733583)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALL","filer":"KSN Fund X, L.P.  (CIK 0001733583)","filingDate":"2021-07-06","adsh":"0001209191-21-045717"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_FAST_20220106","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FAST 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $FAST 5 days before a corporate insider (Chatham Asset Management, LLC  (CIK 0001511989)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FAST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FAST","filer":"Chatham Asset Management, LLC  (CIK 0001511989)","filingDate":"2022-01-11","adsh":"0000905718-22-000090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_MDLZ_20260107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDLZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $MDLZ 6 days before a corporate insider (STEIN LAURA  (CIK 0001199099)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDLZ","filer":"STEIN LAURA  (CIK 0001199099)","filingDate":"2026-01-13","adsh":"0001628280-26-001953"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_GOOGL_20250107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $GOOGL 8 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2025-01-15","adsh":"0000950170-25-005957"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_ZTS_20240109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ZTS 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $ZTS 8 days before a corporate insider (Chen Heidi C.  (CIK 0001567828)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"Chen Heidi C.  (CIK 0001567828)","filingDate":"2024-01-17","adsh":"0001555280-24-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_CMCSA_20250107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen sell $CMCSA 8 days before a corporate insider (Armstrong Jason  (CIK 0001958909)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Armstrong Jason  (CIK 0001958909)","filingDate":"2025-01-15","adsh":"0001225208-25-000648"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000560_VRSK_20250107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VRSK 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Rick Larsen buy $VRSK 9 days before a corporate insider (Daffan Nicholas  (CIK 0001803783)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRSK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRSK","filer":"Daffan Nicholas  (CIK 0001803783)","filingDate":"2025-01-16","adsh":"0000950170-25-006346"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_L000560_2024-12-09_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GD 29 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Rick Larsen delivered a 748-word floor speech on 2024-12-09 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the Thomas R. Carper Water Resources De- velopment Act of 2024, the sixth con- secutive bipartisan bill approved b…\"). The member sell $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 29 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-12-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":748,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the Thomas R. Carper Water Resources De- velopment Act of 2024, the sixth con- secutive bipartisan bill approved b","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/12/09/170/182/CREC-2024-12-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/12/09/170/182/CREC-2024-12-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000560_2024-03-21_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $FDX 14 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Rick Larsen delivered a 857-word floor speech on 2024-03-21 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, our predecessors in Congress worked in a bipartisan manner to enact the Clean Water Act, one of the Na- tion’s bedrock environmental laws. The legislation before us today was not de- velope…\"). The member buy $FDX (a Industrials-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-03-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":857,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, our predecessors in Congress worked in a bipartisan manner to enact the Clean Water Act, one of the Na- tion’s bedrock environmental laws. The legislation before us today was not de- velope","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/03/21/170/50/CREC-2024-03-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/03/21/170/50/CREC-2024-03-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000560_2023-03-09_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GD 27 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Rick Larsen delivered a 281-word floor speech on 2023-03-09 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- tlewoman from New York (Ms. V ELA´ ZQUEZ). Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in opposition to this resolution. For 50 years, the Clean Water Act has…\"). The member buy $GD (a Defense-sector stock) 27 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-03-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":281,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gen- tlewoman from New York (Ms. V ELA´ ZQUEZ). Ms. VELA´ ZQUEZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in opposition to this resolution. For 50 years, the Clean Water Act has","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/09/169/45/CREC-2023-03-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/09/169/45/CREC-2023-03-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000560_2023-01-25_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BLK 19 days before a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Rick Larsen delivered a 340-word floor speech on 2023-01-25 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 388, the Securities and Ex- change Commission Real Estate Leas- ing Authority Revocation Act. This…\"). The member sell $BLK (a Finance-sector stock) 19 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-01-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":340,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 388, the Securities and Ex- change Commission Real Estate Leas- ing Authority Revocation Act. This ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/01/25/169/16/CREC-2023-01-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-06"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/01/25/169/16/CREC-2023-01-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_L000560_2020-11-17_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNP 8 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Rick Larsen delivered a 364-word floor speech on 2020-11-17 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 8408, the Aircraft Certification Reform and Accountability Act. VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:29 Nov 18, 2020 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\\…\"). The member buy $UNP (a Industrials-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-11-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":364,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of H.R. 8408, the Aircraft Certification Reform and Accountability Act. VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:29 Nov 18, 2020 Jkt 019060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\\","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/11/17/166/195/CREC-2020-11-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/11/17/166/195/CREC-2020-11-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_L000560_UNP","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $UNP — UNION PACIFIC's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Rick Larsen executed 2 reported trades in $UNP (UNION PACIFIC). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"UNION PACIFIC CORP. FUND FOR EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","parent":"UNION PACIFIC","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-25"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"UNION PACIFIC CORP. FUND FOR EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT","parent":"UNION PACIFIC","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=UNION%20PACIFIC%20CORP.%20FUND%20FOR%20EFFECTIVE%20GOVERNMENT"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=UNION%20PACIFIC%20CORP.%20FUND%20FOR%20EFFECTIVE%20GOVERNMENT","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_L000560","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"48 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $285,000","explanation":"Rick Larsen received campaign contributions totaling $285,000 from 48 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 47 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($10,000); THE ROOSEVELT GROUP (ON BEHALF OF SERCO INC.) ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":48,"totalDollars":285000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SERCO INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SERCO PAC)","ldaClient":"THE ROOSEVELT GROUP (ON BEHALF OF SERCO INC.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE, SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_L000560","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 55 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Rick Larsen appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 55 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (14); insider followed trade (12); reg rule trade proximity (6); selective filing delay (5); speech advocacy trade (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":55,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":14},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":5},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000560","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_L000560","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Larsen's campaign paid $357,043 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: FEATHER, LARSEN & SYNHORS ($133,190)","explanation":"Rick Larsen's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 23 payments totaling $357,043 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FEATHER, LARSEN & SYNHORS ($133,190 across 12 payments, services: LOW DOLLAR FUNDRAISING PRODUCTION · LOW DOLLAR TELEMARKETING · TELEMARKETING). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":357043.14999999997,"paymentCount":23,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FEATHER, LARSEN & SYNHORS","total":133189.83000000002,"count":12,"descriptions":["LOW DOLLAR FUNDRAISING PRODUCTION","LOW DOLLAR TELEMARKETING","TELEMARKETING"]},{"payee":"LARSEN, CHRIS","total":100000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"LARSEN, FLEMMING","total":45000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CANDIDATE LOAN"]},{"payee":"LARSEN, IAN D.","total":25500,"count":1,"descriptions":["FIELD SERVICES CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"JOAN LARSEN FOR JUSTICE","total":15000,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISER"]}],"surname":"larsen"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0WA02080&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_L000560","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Larsen ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.4M across 28 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Rick Larsen's FEC-bulk record shows $24.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $42.7M (PAC: $24.4M, individual: $17.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.41,"lifetimeReceiptsM":42.66,"lifetimeIndividualM":17.66,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0WA02080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WA02080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_L000560","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Larsen draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.4M PAC / $42.7M total)","explanation":"Rick Larsen's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.4M of $42.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.41,"lifetimeReceiptsM":42.66,"pacSharePct":57.2,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H0WA02080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WA02080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_L000560","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Larsen triggers 22 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Rick Larsen accumulates 22 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":22,"distinctDetectorTypes":20}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_L000560","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Larsen operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.3M combined receipts)","explanation":"Rick Larsen operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.3M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: PUGET PAC (C00551168) · LOYAL AMERICANS RAISING STANDARDS OF EXCELLENT FOR THE NATION PAC (C00841122).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":1.32,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00551168","cmteName":"PUGET PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00841122","cmteName":"LOYAL AMERICANS RAISING STANDARDS OF EXCELLENT FOR THE NATION PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551168/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00841122/"]},{"id":"P179_L000560","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Larsen — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (69/69)","explanation":"Rick Larsen's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":69,"atBracket":69,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_L000560","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Larsen — 54 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Rick Larsen has traded 54 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":54,"sample":["META","WM","VRSK","DRI","MDLZ","ESS","ODFL","AEP","WMT","ABT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000590":[{"id":"P4_L000590_RealEstate","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RealEstate trades filed 46d late on avg — overall avg only 36d","explanation":"In RealEstate (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 46.3 days — versus 36.1 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"RealEstate","count":12,"avgGap":46},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":458,"avgGap":36},{"source":"pac","sector":"RealEstate","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_L000590_Transportation","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Transportation trades filed 50d late on avg — overall avg only 36d","explanation":"In Transportation (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 50.4 days — versus 36.1 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Transportation","count":8,"avgGap":50},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":458,"avgGap":36},{"source":"pac","sector":"Transportation","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_L000590_tw3lw7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,226,407 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Shield PAC","explanation":"Shield PAC spent $1,226,407 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00770149","name":"Shield PAC","support":1226407,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770149/"]},{"id":"P6_L000590_tx4nuv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$481,659 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKERS VOTE","explanation":"WORKERS VOTE spent $481,659 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 36 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754051","name":"WORKERS VOTE","support":481658.59,"oppose":0,"events":36}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754051/"]},{"id":"P6_L000590_d14v8c","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$254,587 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from We Vote, We Win","explanation":"We Vote, We Win spent $254,587 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 28 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90021452","name":"We Vote, We Win","support":254586.60000000003,"oppose":0,"events":28}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021452/"]},{"id":"P6_L000590_ufti6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EARN INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING EN","explanation":"EARN INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS spent $250,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00624817","name":"EARN INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","support":250000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00624817/"]},{"id":"P7_L000590_6e1szi","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,781,769 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,781,769 opposing this member across 659 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3781768.98,"totalSupport":3795840.6800000016,"events":659,"topAttackers":[{"name":"AMERICA FIRST ACTION, INC.","oppose":1678086.19},{"name":"Morning in America PAC","oppose":980136.6500000001},{"name":"ALL FOR OUR COUNTRY","oppose":932271.45},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":1065.72},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","oppose":136973.27}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_L000590_mvr893","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$12,945 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $12,945 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":12945.16,"oppose":0,"net":12945.16,"events":37,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":7589.179999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":4443.67,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":912.31,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000590_42a8fz","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $392,829 / spent $367,653","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00721233","cmteName":"BEAT THE ODDS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":34066,"totalDisbursements":29860.8,"cashOnHand":4205.19},{"cmteId":"C00721233","cmteName":"BEAT THE ODDS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":102972.1,"totalDisbursements":85277,"cashOnHand":21900.26},{"cmteId":"C00721233","cmteName":"BEAT THE ODDS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":99940,"totalDisbursements":106204.2,"cashOnHand":15636.06},{"cmteId":"C00721233","cmteName":"BEAT THE ODDS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":155850.7,"totalDisbursements":146311.4,"cashOnHand":25175.42}],"totalRaised":392828.80000000005,"totalSpent":367653.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_L000590_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10354 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $5,103,534 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 10354× NOT EMPLOYED = $5,103,534; 2146× SELF EMPLOYED = $1,596,225. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":10354,"total":5103534,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":2146,"total":1596225,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000590_dat8re","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$133,910 donation spike on 2016-07-25 — 20.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-07-25 this committee recorded $133,910 across 69 contributions — 20.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,642.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578476","date":"2016-07-25","amount":133910,"count":69,"baseline":6642,"ratio":20.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578476/"]},{"id":"P15_L000590_rz68zn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,575 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $59,575 across 67 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,290.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578476","date":"2015-09-30","amount":59575,"count":67,"baseline":6290,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578476/"]},{"id":"P15_L000590_davsor","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,335 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 13.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $58,335 across 64 contributions — 13.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,246.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578476","date":"2016-03-31","amount":58335,"count":64,"baseline":4246,"ratio":13.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578476/"]},{"id":"P15_L000590_jl26xs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,885 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $70,885 across 99 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,226.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655613","date":"2024-09-30","amount":70885,"count":99,"baseline":10226,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655613/"]},{"id":"P15_L000590_og8hng","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,200 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $69,200 across 42 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,149.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655613","date":"2021-03-31","amount":69200,"count":42,"baseline":10149,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655613/"]},{"id":"P15_L000590_6vsqxf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,750 donation spike on 2019-03-20 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-20 this committee recorded $61,750 across 45 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,629.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655613","date":"2019-03-20","amount":61750,"count":45,"baseline":5629,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655613/"]},{"id":"P15_L000590_6vowze","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,525 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $61,525 across 47 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,548.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655613","date":"2019-09-30","amount":61525,"count":47,"baseline":6548,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655613/"]},{"id":"P15_L000590_jl09wv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,835 donation spike on 2024-06-09 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-09 this committee recorded $54,835 across 40 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,791.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655613","date":"2024-06-09","amount":54835,"count":40,"baseline":6791,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655613/"]},{"id":"P17_L000590_ENTG_2019-07-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ENTG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-07-12 and 2019-07-12, 3 members took the same direction on ENTG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENTG","date":"2019-07-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ENTG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-07-12 to 2019-07-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_NDAQ_2019-11-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NDAQ within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-11-13 and 2019-11-19, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on NDAQ. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2019-11-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NDAQ","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"}],"span":"2019-11-13 to 2019-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_CCI_2019-03-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CCI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-20 and 2019-03-25, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CCI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","date":"2019-03-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CCI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-20 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_CCI_2019-03-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CCI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-22 and 2019-03-25, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CCI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","date":"2019-03-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CCI","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"}],"span":"2019-03-22 to 2019-03-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_SYY_2020-04-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-27 and 2020-05-01, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-04-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-04-27 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_SYY_2020-04-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-28 and 2020-05-01, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-04-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-04-28 to 2020-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_HCA_2020-04-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold HCA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-07 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on HCA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HCA","date":"2020-04-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HCA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-04-07 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_TJX_2020-05-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought TJX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-19 and 2020-05-26, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on TJX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","date":"2020-05-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TJX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"}],"span":"2020-05-19 to 2020-05-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_KR_2020-03-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought KR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-30 and 2020-04-06, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on KR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","date":"2020-03-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"}],"span":"2020-03-30 to 2020-04-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_IQV_2019-01-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold IQV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-29 and 2019-02-05, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on IQV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IQV","date":"2019-01-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"IQV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2019-01-29 to 2019-02-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_GPK_2020-01-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GPK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-22 and 2020-01-29, 3 members took the same direction on GPK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPK","date":"2020-01-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GPK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"}],"span":"2020-01-22 to 2020-01-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_GPK_2020-01-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GPK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-27 and 2020-01-29, 3 members took the same direction on GPK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPK","date":"2020-01-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GPK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"}],"span":"2020-01-27 to 2020-01-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_TRGP_2019-02-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TRGP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-02-27 and 2019-02-27, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on TRGP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRGP","date":"2019-02-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TRGP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2019-02-27 to 2019-02-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_CTLT_2020-05-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CTLT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-15 and 2020-05-19, 3 members took the same direction on CTLT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTLT","date":"2020-05-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CTLT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"}],"span":"2020-05-15 to 2020-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_L000590_CTLT_2020-05-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CTLT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-27 and 2020-06-01, 3 members took the same direction on CTLT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTLT","date":"2020-05-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CTLT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-05-27 to 2020-06-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000590_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"40 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susie Lee executed 40 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEYS","date":"2023-05-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ON","date":"2023-05-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSNC","date":"2022-11-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2022-11-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Modification of the West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Inseason Actions #48 Through #50","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-04-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Modification of the West Coast Salmon Fisheries; Inseason Actions #48 Through #50","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-04-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000590_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susie Lee executed 37 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2023-05-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LPLA","date":"2023-04-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BR","date":"2022-11-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRO","date":"2022-11-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Libyan Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 5, 6, and 8A.","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-04-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inflation Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties","agency":"Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary of the Treasury","date":"2023-03-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000590_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susie Lee executed 18 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2022-11-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-1,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LDOS","date":"2021-09-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2021-09-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2021-08-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2023-01; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2022-12-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Government in the Sunshine Act","agency":"Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board","date":"2021-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000590_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susie Lee executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XPO","date":"2021-07-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XPO","date":"2020-02-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2021 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-08-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2020 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000590_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susie Lee executed 19 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEIS","date":"2021-05-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKR","date":"2021-02-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEIS","date":"2021-02-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKR","date":"2021-02-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-04-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Rescission of Department of Labor Rule on Guidance","agency":"Labor Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2021-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_L000590_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00887505","name":"GENERATION 18","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00886010","name":"ELECT DEMOCRATIC WOMEN 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00863639","name":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_L000590","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"25% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 1271 disclosed trades, 318 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.9× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":318,"total":1271,"rate":25},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.89}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_L000590_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) both supported ($212,481) and opposed ($1,066) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Susie Lee advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":212480.64000000004,"oppose":1065.72,"events":22}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P36_L000590","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing across 41 total findings","explanation":"Susie Lee has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":41,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_L000590_DPZ_20210225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DPZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $DPZ 1 day after a corporate insider (HEADEN CYNTHIA A  (CIK 0001821840)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DPZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DPZ","filer":"HEADEN CYNTHIA A  (CIK 0001821840)","filingDate":"2021-02-24","adsh":"0001209191-21-013846","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_ECL_20200519","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ECL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $ECL 1 day after a corporate insider (Levinson Sam  (CIK 0001588901)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ECL","filer":"Levinson Sam  (CIK 0001588901)","filingDate":"2020-05-18","adsh":"0001437749-20-011181","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_ZBRA_20200519","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ZBRA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $ZBRA 1 day after a corporate insider (Desai Chirantan Jitendra  (CIK 0001661430)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZBRA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZBRA","filer":"Desai Chirantan Jitendra  (CIK 0001661430)","filingDate":"2020-05-18","adsh":"0000877212-20-000096","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_CCI_20210212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CCI 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $CCI 1 day after a corporate insider (Melone Anthony J.  (CIK 0001507363)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCI","filer":"Melone Anthony J.  (CIK 0001507363)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001051470-21-000018","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_ROP_20201211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ROP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $ROP 1 day after a corporate insider (PERELMAN RONALD O  (CIK 0001186472)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"PERELMAN RONALD O  (CIK 0001186472)","filingDate":"2020-12-10","adsh":"0001140361-20-028037","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_ROP_20200519","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ROP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $ROP 1 day after a corporate insider (Stipancich John K  (CIK 0001479933)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"Stipancich John K  (CIK 0001479933)","filingDate":"2020-05-18","adsh":"0001209191-20-030115","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_FISV_20201104","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FISV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $FISV 1 day after a corporate insider (McGranahan Devin  (CIK 0001684853)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FISV","filer":"McGranahan Devin  (CIK 0001684853)","filingDate":"2020-11-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-056587","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_TER_20210609","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TER 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $TER 1 day after a corporate insider (JAGIELA MARK E  (CIK 0001252396)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TER","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TER","filer":"JAGIELA MARK E  (CIK 0001252396)","filingDate":"2021-06-08","adsh":"0000904454-21-000510","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_ARMK_20200407","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ARMK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $ARMK 1 day after a corporate insider (DREILING RICHARD W  (CIK 0001209831)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARMK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARMK","filer":"DREILING RICHARD W  (CIK 0001209831)","filingDate":"2020-04-06","adsh":"0001584509-20-000095","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_SAIC_20200428","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SAIC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $SAIC 1 day after a corporate insider (Scanlon James J. III  (CIK 0001787945)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SAIC","filer":"Scanlon James J. III  (CIK 0001787945)","filingDate":"2020-04-27","adsh":"0001225208-20-006771","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_CHDN_20200403","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CHDN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $CHDN 1 day after a corporate insider (Bridgeman Ulysses L Jr  (CIK 0001294724)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHDN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHDN","filer":"Bridgeman Ulysses L Jr  (CIK 0001294724)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-005926","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_VNT_20201211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VNT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $VNT 1 day after a corporate insider (KLEIN CHRISTOPHER J  (CIK 0001257210)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VNT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VNT","filer":"KLEIN CHRISTOPHER J  (CIK 0001257210)","filingDate":"2020-12-10","adsh":"0001786842-20-000034","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_BERY_20221130","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BERY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $BERY 1 day after a corporate insider (Steele Robert Allan  (CIK 0001404402)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BERY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BERY","filer":"Steele Robert Allan  (CIK 0001404402)","filingDate":"2022-11-29","adsh":"0001567619-22-020978","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_ALGM_20210212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ALGM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $ALGM 1 day after a corporate insider (Teebagy Thomas C. Jr.  (CIK 0001828853)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALGM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALGM","filer":"Teebagy Thomas C. Jr.  (CIK 0001828853)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0000899243-21-006100","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_BIO_20200527","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BIO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $BIO 1 day after a corporate insider (BAUMGARTNER ROBERT V  (CIK 0001258704)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BIO","filer":"BAUMGARTNER ROBERT V  (CIK 0001258704)","filingDate":"2020-05-26","adsh":"0000914190-20-000182","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_NXST_20200115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NXST 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $NXST 1 day after a corporate insider (Carter Thomas  (CIK 0001470437)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NXST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NXST","filer":"Carter Thomas  (CIK 0001470437)","filingDate":"2020-01-14","adsh":"0001209191-20-003364","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_STOR_20210225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $STOR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $STOR 1 day after a corporate insider (Volk Christopher H  (CIK 0001307828)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STOR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STOR","filer":"Volk Christopher H  (CIK 0001307828)","filingDate":"2021-02-24","adsh":"0001209191-21-013960","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_CCC_20210526","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CCC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $CCC 1 day after a corporate insider (COLISEUM CAPITAL PARTNERS, L.P.  (CIK 0001356974)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCC","filer":"COLISEUM CAPITAL PARTNERS, L.P.  (CIK 0001356974)","filingDate":"2021-05-25","adsh":"0000899243-21-020559","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_BRKS_20210209","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BRKS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $BRKS 1 day after a corporate insider (Davis Robyn C  (CIK 0001580601)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRKS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BRKS","filer":"Davis Robyn C  (CIK 0001580601)","filingDate":"2021-02-08","adsh":"0001209191-21-008456","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_PRAH_20201216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PRAH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $PRAH 1 day after a corporate insider (Prah Jamie L  (CIK 0001351621)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PRAH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PRAH","filer":"Prah Jamie L  (CIK 0001351621)","filingDate":"2020-12-15","adsh":"0001567619-20-021094","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_BLDR_20221130","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BLDR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $BLDR 2 days after a corporate insider (Messersmith Amy B  (CIK 0001916878)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLDR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLDR","filer":"Messersmith Amy B  (CIK 0001916878)","filingDate":"2022-11-28","adsh":"0001209191-22-058854","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_CAG_20200605","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $CAG 2 days after a corporate insider (OMTVEDT CRAIG P  (CIK 0001190594)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAG","filer":"OMTVEDT CRAIG P  (CIK 0001190594)","filingDate":"2020-06-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-034308","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_CDNS_20210609","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CDNS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $CDNS 2 days after a corporate insider (TENG CHIN-CHI  (CIK 0001751946)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CDNS","filer":"TENG CHIN-CHI  (CIK 0001751946)","filingDate":"2021-06-07","adsh":"0001209191-21-038768","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_LH_20201216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LH 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $LH 2 days after a corporate insider (Davis Jeffrey A.  (CIK 0001648477)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LH","filer":"Davis Jeffrey A.  (CIK 0001648477)","filingDate":"2020-12-14","adsh":"0001127602-20-031299","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_TDY_20210205","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TDY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $TDY 2 days after a corporate insider (Blackwood Stephen Finis  (CIK 0001763148)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TDY","filer":"Blackwood Stephen Finis  (CIK 0001763148)","filingDate":"2021-02-03","adsh":"0001094285-21-000060","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000590_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+45 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Susie Lee accumulated 70 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 45 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":45,"totalRaw":70}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_LKQ_20200317","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LKQ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $LKQ 1 day before a corporate insider (ALLEN A CLINTON  (CIK 0001041888)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LKQ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LKQ","filer":"ALLEN A CLINTON  (CIK 0001041888)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0001214659-20-002757"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_AEIS_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AEIS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $AEIS 1 day before a corporate insider (MCGIMPSEY THOMAS O  (CIK 0001245088)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AEIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AEIS","filer":"MCGIMPSEY THOMAS O  (CIK 0001245088)","filingDate":"2021-02-24","adsh":"0001209191-21-013775"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_POOL_20210308","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $POOL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $POOL 1 day before a corporate insider (Arvan Peter D  (CIK 0001693782)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"POOL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"POOL","filer":"Arvan Peter D  (CIK 0001693782)","filingDate":"2021-03-09","adsh":"0000945841-21-000054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_VRSK_20221130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VRSK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $VRSK 1 day before a corporate insider (WRIGHT DAVID B  (CIK 0001197392)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRSK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRSK","filer":"WRIGHT DAVID B  (CIK 0001197392)","filingDate":"2022-12-01","adsh":"0001209191-22-059209"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_DELL_20210128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DELL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $DELL 1 day before a corporate insider (CLARKE JEFFREY W  (CIK 0001215588)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DELL","filer":"CLARKE JEFFREY W  (CIK 0001215588)","filingDate":"2021-01-29","adsh":"0001123292-21-000146"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_ROP_20200519","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ROP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $ROP 1 day before a corporate insider (NUNES DAVID L  (CIK 0001211392)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ROP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ROP","filer":"NUNES DAVID L  (CIK 0001211392)","filingDate":"2020-05-20","adsh":"0000052827-20-000173"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_CDW_20201216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CDW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $CDW 1 day before a corporate insider (KULEVICH FREDERICK J.  (CIK 0001719308)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CDW","filer":"KULEVICH FREDERICK J.  (CIK 0001719308)","filingDate":"2020-12-17","adsh":"0001402057-20-000187"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_CDNS_20210223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CDNS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $CDNS 1 day before a corporate insider (ZAMAN ANEEL  (CIK 0001651877)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CDNS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CDNS","filer":"ZAMAN ANEEL  (CIK 0001651877)","filingDate":"2021-02-24","adsh":"0001209191-21-014039"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_OKE_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $OKE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $OKE 1 day before a corporate insider (GIBSON JOHN WILLIAM  (CIK 0001239209)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OKE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OKE","filer":"GIBSON JOHN WILLIAM  (CIK 0001239209)","filingDate":"2020-03-10","adsh":"0001239209-20-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_LYV_20221130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LYV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $LYV 1 day before a corporate insider (Iovine Jimmy  (CIK 0001626781)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LYV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LYV","filer":"Iovine Jimmy  (CIK 0001626781)","filingDate":"2022-12-01","adsh":"0001335258-22-000146"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_LYV_20210610","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LYV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $LYV 1 day before a corporate insider (Fu Ping  (CIK 0001742720)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LYV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LYV","filer":"Fu Ping  (CIK 0001742720)","filingDate":"2021-06-11","adsh":"0001335258-21-000084"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_CNC_20200407","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CNC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $CNC 1 day before a corporate insider (Thompson Tommy G  (CIK 0001324863)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CNC","filer":"Thompson Tommy G  (CIK 0001324863)","filingDate":"2020-04-08","adsh":"0001071739-20-000110"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_SYY_20200629","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SYY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $SYY 1 day before a corporate insider (CASSADAY JOHN M  (CIK 0001308732)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYY","filer":"CASSADAY JOHN M  (CIK 0001308732)","filingDate":"2020-06-30","adsh":"0000096021-20-000050"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_BLL_20210610","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BLL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $BLL 1 day before a corporate insider (BAKER CHARLES E  (CIK 0001286361)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLL","filer":"BAKER CHARLES E  (CIK 0001286361)","filingDate":"2021-06-11","adsh":"0000009389-21-000108"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_SAIC_20200406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SAIC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $SAIC 1 day before a corporate insider (Scanlon James J. III  (CIK 0001787945)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SAIC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SAIC","filer":"Scanlon James J. III  (CIK 0001787945)","filingDate":"2020-04-07","adsh":"0001225208-20-006179"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_PII_20201001","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PII 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $PII 1 day before a corporate insider (Musso Christopher  (CIK 0001721367)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PII","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PII","filer":"Musso Christopher  (CIK 0001721367)","filingDate":"2020-10-02","adsh":"0001209191-20-053062"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_FLL_20220512","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FLL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $FLL 1 day before a corporate insider (LEE DANIEL R  (CIK 0001209589)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FLL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FLL","filer":"LEE DANIEL R  (CIK 0001209589)","filingDate":"2022-05-13","adsh":"0001209191-22-028755"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_CHDN_20200401","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CHDN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $CHDN 1 day before a corporate insider (Bridgeman Ulysses L Jr  (CIK 0001294724)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHDN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHDN","filer":"Bridgeman Ulysses L Jr  (CIK 0001294724)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-005926"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_MKTX_20210518","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MKTX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $MKTX 1 day before a corporate insider (Pintoff Scott  (CIK 0001314400)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MKTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MKTX","filer":"Pintoff Scott  (CIK 0001314400)","filingDate":"2021-05-19","adsh":"0001209191-21-034009"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_HHC_20201229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HHC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $HHC 1 day before a corporate insider (Scherl Saul Adam  (CIK 0001675251)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HHC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HHC","filer":"Scherl Saul Adam  (CIK 0001675251)","filingDate":"2020-12-30","adsh":"0001179110-20-012327"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_AHCO_20210211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AHCO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $AHCO 1 day before a corporate insider (Parnes Josh  (CIK 0001792687)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AHCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AHCO","filer":"Parnes Josh  (CIK 0001792687)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001104659-21-022175"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_COMM_20210527","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COMM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $COMM 1 day before a corporate insider (Mahendra-Rajah Prashanth  (CIK 0001609983)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COMM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COMM","filer":"Mahendra-Rajah Prashanth  (CIK 0001609983)","filingDate":"2021-05-28","adsh":"0000006281-21-000175"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_COMM_20210311","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $COMM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $COMM 1 day before a corporate insider (Henderson Gregory N.  (CIK 0001590599)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COMM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COMM","filer":"Henderson Gregory N.  (CIK 0001590599)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0000006281-21-000080"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_CCC_20201111","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CCC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee buy $CCC 1 day before a corporate insider (Shackelton Christopher S  (CIK 0001430708)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCC","filer":"Shackelton Christopher S  (CIK 0001430708)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0000899243-20-030829"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_HDS_20201116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HDS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susie Lee sell $HDS 1 day before a corporate insider (PAULSEN BRADLEY  (CIK 0001752877)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HDS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HDS","filer":"PAULSEN BRADLEY  (CIK 0001752877)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001246360-20-001837"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000590_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+138 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Susie Lee accumulated 163 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 138 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":138,"totalRaw":163}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_L000590_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Susie Lee sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_L000590_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Susie Lee sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_L000590_International_Union_of_Operati_115298","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49 testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Susie Lee sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.\". The witness Mr. Jason George (International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115298","title":"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason George","witnessOrg":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298"},{"source":"donor","name":"ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ENGINEERS%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION%20COMMITTEE%20(EPEC)%2FINTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS"]},{"id":"P51_L000590_ELECT_CHICAGO_WOMEN_AKA_ECW","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW $4.0M — vendor also donated $92,941.83","explanation":"Susie Lee's campaign committee paid $4,011,200 to ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $92,941.83 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 43.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW","total":4011200,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=ELECT%20CHICAGO%20WOMEN%20AKA%20ECW"},{"source":"donor","name":"ELECT DEMOCRATIC WOMEN 2024 - UNITEMIZED","total":92941.83,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ELECT%20DEMOCRATIC%20WOMEN%202024%20-%20UNITEMIZED"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=ELECT%20CHICAGO%20WOMEN%20AKA%20ECW","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ELECT%20DEMOCRATIC%20WOMEN%202024%20-%20UNITEMIZED"]},{"id":"P61_L000590","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $150,000","explanation":"Susie Lee received campaign contributions totaling $150,000 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTW ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":150000,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000590","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $133,910 on 2016-07-25 (20.2× normal)","explanation":"Susie Lee's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $133,910 on 2016-07-25 — 20.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":253995,"maxRatio":20.2,"maxAmount":133910},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-07-25","amount":133910,"ratio":20.2,"baselineDaily":6642,"count":69,"cmteId":"C00578476","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578476&min_date=2016-07-25&max_date=2016-07-25"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-03-20","amount":61750,"ratio":11,"baselineDaily":5629,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00655613","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00655613&min_date=2019-03-20&max_date=2019-03-20"},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-03-31","amount":58335,"ratio":13.7,"baselineDaily":4246,"count":64,"cmteId":"C00578476","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578476&min_date=2016-03-31&max_date=2016-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578476/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578476&min_date=2016-07-25&max_date=2016-07-25"]},{"id":"P65_L000590_2019-09-06","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2019-09-06 — 44 unique tickers","explanation":"Susie Lee executed 64 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2019-09-06 to 2019-09-13), spanning 44 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2019-09-06","windowEnd":"2019-09-13","tradeCount":64,"uniqueTickers":44,"totalDisclosedTrades":1271,"sampleTickers":["PANW","BLL","DRE","XPO","ENTG","FTV","FLT","STOR","NXST","CCK"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000590","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 101 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Susie Lee appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 101 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (15); daily donation spike (8); reg rule trade proximity (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":101,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":15},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000590","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_L000590","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susie Lee disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 3 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL FLL $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Susie Lee has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 3 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL FLL $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2025-07-23 · SELL FLL $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-06-13 · SELL FLL $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2025-06-13.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":3,"lowerBoundSum":1250003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"FLL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-07-23","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"FLL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-13","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"FLL","action":"SELL","date":"2025-06-13","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_L000590","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susie Lee executed 51 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL CCL (2d apart)","explanation":"Susie Lee has 51 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL CCL 2020-07-06 → 2020-07-08 (2d) · BUY→SELL MAR 2020-07-06 → 2020-07-08 (2d) · BUY→SELL MSI 2019-03-14 → 2019-03-15 (1d) · SELL→BUY IQV 2019-01-29 → 2019-02-27 (29d) · BUY→SELL VRSK 2019-08-14 → 2019-09-10 (27d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":51,"samples":[{"ticker":"CCL","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-07-06","date2":"2020-07-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MAR","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-07-06","date2":"2020-07-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MSI","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-03-14","date2":"2019-03-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IQV","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-01-29","date2":"2019-02-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VRSK","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-08-14","date2":"2019-09-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PFGC","days":20,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-04-07","date2":"2020-04-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SSNC","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-01-29","date2":"2019-02-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BKI","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-10-10","date2":"2019-11-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_L000590","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susie Lee's PAC funding concentrates 41% in Labor ($0.06M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Susie Lee's PAC donors concentrate 41% in the Labor industry — $0.06M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.06M · Technology $0.02M · Energy $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":40.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.06,"Technology":0.02,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NV04020/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_L000590","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susie Lee triggers 41 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Susie Lee accumulates 41 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":41,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_L000590_2022-11-30","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susie Lee — 63 trades on 2022-11-30","explanation":"Susie Lee disclosed 63 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2022-11-30). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2022-11-30","count":63}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_L000590","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susie Lee — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (1266/1271)","explanation":"Susie Lee's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":1271,"atBracket":1266,"pct":"99.6"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_L000590","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Susie Lee — 306 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Susie Lee has traded 306 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":306,"sample":["FLL","GDEN","CCL","MAR","WYNN","SBUX","MGM","CNTY","TNC","SONY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_L000590_BLL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susie Lee — 20 disclosed trades in single ticker BLL","explanation":"Susie Lee traded BLL on 20 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the BLL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"BLL","count":20}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"T000486":[{"id":"P4_T000486_Defense","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Defense trades filed 213d late on avg — overall avg only 183d","explanation":"In Defense (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 212.8 days — versus 183.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":5,"avgGap":213},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":92,"avgGap":183},{"source":"pac","sector":"Defense","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_T000486_RealEstate","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RealEstate trades filed 256d late on avg — overall avg only 183d","explanation":"In RealEstate (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 256.0 days — versus 183.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"RealEstate","count":4,"avgGap":256},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":92,"avgGap":183},{"source":"pac","sector":"RealEstate","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P4_T000486_Transportation","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Transportation trades filed 232d late on avg — overall avg only 183d","explanation":"In Transportation (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 232.0 days — versus 183.4 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Transportation","count":3,"avgGap":232},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":92,"avgGap":183},{"source":"pac","sector":"Transportation","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_T000486_dpkxvb","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,304,451 / spent $1,052,280","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00753947","cmteName":"LA BAMBA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":55556,"totalDisbursements":24621.9,"cashOnHand":30934.16},{"cmteId":"C00753947","cmteName":"LA BAMBA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":561418,"totalDisbursements":488332.6,"cashOnHand":76395.17},{"cmteId":"C00753947","cmteName":"LA BAMBA PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":687476.6,"totalDisbursements":539325.7,"cashOnHand":224546.07}],"totalRaised":1304450.6,"totalSpent":1052280.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_T000486_hab2cg","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $12,650,200 in itemized individual contributions, $7,887,634 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":12650200,"buckets":{"$200 and under":126079,"$200.01-$499":495091,"$500-$999":1227019,"$1000-$1999":2914377,"$2000 and over":7887634},"megaShare":62.4,"smallDonorShare":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_T000486_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2766 employees of N/A gave $1,971,510 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2766× N/A = $1,971,510. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":2766,"total":1971510,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000486_do2pnr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,050 donation spike on 2021-06-16 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-16 this committee recorded $106,050 across 63 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,538.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00699744","date":"2021-06-16","amount":106050,"count":63,"baseline":13538,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699744/"]},{"id":"P15_T000486_v8igfh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,600 donation spike on 2019-06-24 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-24 this committee recorded $90,600 across 55 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,076.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00699744","date":"2019-06-24","amount":90600,"count":55,"baseline":8076,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699744/"]},{"id":"P15_T000486_dbv4mv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,150 donation spike on 2024-05-14 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-14 this committee recorded $62,150 across 46 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,166.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00699744","date":"2024-05-14","amount":62150,"count":46,"baseline":9166,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699744/"]},{"id":"P15_T000486_1d119k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,100 donation spike on 2025-12-30 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-30 this committee recorded $61,100 across 35 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,025.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00699744","date":"2025-12-30","amount":61100,"count":35,"baseline":6025,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699744/"]},{"id":"P15_T000486_1ch8nj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,900 donation spike on 2025-02-27 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-27 this committee recorded $57,900 across 32 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,945.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00699744","date":"2025-02-27","amount":57900,"count":32,"baseline":6945,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699744/"]},{"id":"P15_T000486_v8hte5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,950 donation spike on 2019-05-01 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-05-01 this committee recorded $56,950 across 23 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,208.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00699744","date":"2019-05-01","amount":56950,"count":23,"baseline":6208,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699744/"]},{"id":"P15_T000486_s09evu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,500 donation spike on 2023-05-01 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-01 this committee recorded $53,500 across 33 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,261.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00699744","date":"2023-05-01","amount":53500,"count":33,"baseline":8261,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699744/"]},{"id":"P17_T000486_BX_2024-09-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2024-09-20 and 2024-09-26, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2024-09-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"G000596","name":"Marjorie Taylor Greene"},{"bioguideId":"T000486","name":"Ritchie Torres"}],"span":"2024-09-20 to 2024-09-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000486_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ritchie Torres executed 19 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Form PF; Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers; Further Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-06-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Form PF; Reporting Requirements for All Filers and Large Hedge Fund Advisers; Further Extension of Compliance Date","agency":"Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000486_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ritchie Torres executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":17,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":17,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2024-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2024-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Chicago Harbor, Navy Pier Southeast, Chicago, IL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-06-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Chicago Harbor, Navy Pier Southeast, Chicago, IL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-06-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000486_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ritchie Torres executed 23 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services; Hazard, Kentucky; Correction","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-06-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services; Hazard, Kentucky; Correction","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000486_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ritchie Torres executed 5 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2024-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2024-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Radiology Devices; Classification of the Radiological Computer-Assisted Detection and Diagnosis Softwar","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-06-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Radiology Devices; Classification of the Radiological Computer-Assisted Detection and Diagnosis Softwar","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-06-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000486_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ritchie Torres executed 10 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OKE","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2025-07-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Summer Electronic Benefits Transfer for Children: Rescission of Obsolete Regulatory Provisions","agency":"Agriculture Department, Food and Nutrition Service","date":"2025-06-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Summer Electronic Benefits Transfer for Children: Rescission of Obsolete Regulatory Provisions","agency":"Agriculture Department, Food and Nutrition Service","date":"2025-06-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000486_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ritchie Torres executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ODFL","date":"2024-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2024-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2024 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2024-09-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2024 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2024-09-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000486_g8i8gp","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ritchie Torres campaign paid $5,642,038 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRES LLP","explanation":"Ritchie Torres's campaign paid 23 disbursements totaling $5,642,038 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRES LLP","total":3500000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRES LLP","amount":2500000,"date":"2021-01-13","description":"GENERAL: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRES LLP","amount":1000000,"date":"2020-12-18","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KASOWITZ BENSON TORRES LLP","total":1672175.77,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"KASOWITZ BENSON TORRES LLP","amount":500000,"date":"2021-11-10","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KASOWITZ BENSON TORRES LLP","amount":250000,"date":"2022-01-26","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KASOWITZ BENSON TORRES LLP","amount":250000,"date":"2021-12-15","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP","total":406822.43,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP","amount":48611.39,"date":"2013-05-22","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL AND PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP","amount":45679.75,"date":"2013-09-05","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL & PUBLIC RELATIONS","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP","amount":45547.26,"date":"2012-05-22","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TORRES CONSULTING LLC","total":63040,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TORRES CONSULTING LLC","amount":63040,"date":"2022-10-12","description":"NON-FEDERAL EXPENDITURE - DIGITAL ADS","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KASOWITZ"]},{"id":"P21_T000486_Defense","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Defense BUYs filed 213d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Defense (3 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Defense","count":5,"avgGap":213,"buys":3,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":92,"avgGap":183}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_T000486_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 213d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (3 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":5,"avgGap":213,"buys":3,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":92,"avgGap":183}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_T000486_RealEstate","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"RealEstate BUYs filed 256d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in RealEstate (3 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"RealEstate","count":4,"avgGap":256,"buys":3,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":92,"avgGap":183}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_T000486_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of PAC dollars ($1,539,899) come from Party industry","explanation":"Ritchie Torres receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1539898.5099999998,"share":67.2,"totalPAC":2291701.56,"pacCount":24},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1539898.5099999998,"share":67.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":139188.33000000002,"share":6.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":23200,"share":1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":20000,"share":0.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_T000486","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"54% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 8.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 123 disclosed trades, 66 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 8.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":66,"total":123,"rate":53.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":8.33}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000486","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"Ritchie Torres has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":15,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_T000486_CRM_20240926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $CRM 1 day after a corporate insider (Millham Brian  (CIK 0001943041)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Millham Brian  (CIK 0001943041)","filingDate":"2024-09-25","adsh":"0001127602-24-024436","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_HD_20240926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $HD 1 day after a corporate insider (Siddiqui Fahim  (CIK 0001926550)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Siddiqui Fahim  (CIK 0001926550)","filingDate":"2024-09-25","adsh":"0000354950-24-000214","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_AVGO_20250107","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $AVGO 1 day after a corporate insider (Kawwas Charlie B  (CIK 0001608425)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Kawwas Charlie B  (CIK 0001608425)","filingDate":"2025-01-06","adsh":"0001730168-25-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_META_20250711","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-07-10","adsh":"0000950103-25-008693","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_META_20240926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $META 1 day after a corporate insider (Cox Christopher K  (CIK 0001607459)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Cox Christopher K  (CIK 0001607459)","filingDate":"2024-09-25","adsh":"0000950103-24-013949","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_OKE_20240926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $OKE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $OKE 1 day after a corporate insider (Hoskin James R  (CIK 0001967824)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OKE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OKE","filer":"Hoskin James R  (CIK 0001967824)","filingDate":"2024-09-25","adsh":"0001039684-24-000293","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_MKC_20240926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MKC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $MKC 1 day after a corporate insider (Foley Brendan M  (CIK 0001644562)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MKC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MKC","filer":"Foley Brendan M  (CIK 0001644562)","filingDate":"2024-09-25","adsh":"0001062993-24-016990","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_ORCL_20250711","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $ORCL 2 days after a corporate insider (Fairhead Rona Alison  (CIK 0001390276)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Fairhead Rona Alison  (CIK 0001390276)","filingDate":"2025-07-09","adsh":"0001127602-25-019066","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_ORCL_20240926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ORCL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $ORCL 3 days after a corporate insider (Screven Edward  (CIK 0001723056)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"Screven Edward  (CIK 0001723056)","filingDate":"2024-09-23","adsh":"0001127602-24-024317","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000486_VZ_20250711","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VZ 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $VZ 4 days after a corporate insider (Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)","filingDate":"2025-07-07","adsh":"0000732712-25-000055","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_GOOGL_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $GOOGL 1 day before a corporate insider (Ashkenazi Anat  (CIK 0001761679)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Ashkenazi Anat  (CIK 0001761679)","filingDate":"2024-09-27","adsh":"0000950170-24-109916"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_AVGO_20250107","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AVGO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $AVGO 1 day before a corporate insider (Low Check Kian  (CIK 0001692615)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"Low Check Kian  (CIK 0001692615)","filingDate":"2025-01-08","adsh":"0001730168-25-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_MCK_20250711","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MCK 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $MCK 3 days before a corporate insider (TYLER BRIAN S.  (CIK 0001382297)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCK","filer":"TYLER BRIAN S.  (CIK 0001382297)","filingDate":"2025-07-14","adsh":"0001062993-25-012830"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_C_20250711","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $C 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $C 3 days before a corporate insider (Silver Lake Group, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001418226)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"Silver Lake Group, L.L.C.  (CIK 0001418226)","filingDate":"2025-07-14","adsh":"0000950170-25-095602"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_LEN_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LEN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $LEN 4 days before a corporate insider (Devaisher Len D  (CIK 0001819698)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LEN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LEN","filer":"Devaisher Len D  (CIK 0001819698)","filingDate":"2024-09-30","adsh":"0001412665-24-000145"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_AVGO_20250711","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVGO 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $AVGO 5 days before a corporate insider (PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVGO","filer":"PAGE JUSTINE  (CIK 0001359561)","filingDate":"2025-07-16","adsh":"0001730168-25-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_CMCSA_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CMCSA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $CMCSA 5 days before a corporate insider (Lucas Wonya Y  (CIK 0001714975)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Lucas Wonya Y  (CIK 0001714975)","filingDate":"2024-10-01","adsh":"0001225208-24-008932"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_NOC_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NOC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $NOC 5 days before a corporate insider (Robinson Graham  (CIK 0001810641)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOC","filer":"Robinson Graham  (CIK 0001810641)","filingDate":"2024-10-01","adsh":"0001628280-24-041752"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_LINE_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LINE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $LINE 5 days before a corporate insider (D. E. SHAW & CO, L.P.  (CIK 0001009268)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LINE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LINE","filer":"D. E. SHAW & CO, L.P.  (CIK 0001009268)","filingDate":"2024-10-01","adsh":"0001104659-24-105131"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_GOOGL_20250711","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOGL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $GOOGL 6 days before a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-07-17","adsh":"0000950170-25-096682"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_ORCL_20250711","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $ORCL 6 days before a corporate insider (ELLISON LAWRENCE JOSEPH  (CIK 0000901999)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCL","filer":"ELLISON LAWRENCE JOSEPH  (CIK 0000901999)","filingDate":"2025-07-17","adsh":"0001127602-25-019335"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_PLD_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLD 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $PLD 6 days before a corporate insider (KENNARD LYDIA H  (CIK 0001223115)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"KENNARD LYDIA H  (CIK 0001223115)","filingDate":"2024-10-02","adsh":"0000950170-24-111735"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_BLK_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BLK 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $BLK 6 days before a corporate insider (FORD WILLIAM E  (CIK 0001193345)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"FORD WILLIAM E  (CIK 0001193345)","filingDate":"2024-10-02","adsh":"0000950170-24-111868"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_TMUS_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMUS 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $TMUS 6 days before a corporate insider (Katz Michael J.  (CIK 0001867492)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"Katz Michael J.  (CIK 0001867492)","filingDate":"2024-10-02","adsh":"0001283699-24-000130"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_KMI_20250711","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KMI 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $KMI 6 days before a corporate insider (James Catherine C.  (CIK 0001530677)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMI","filer":"James Catherine C.  (CIK 0001530677)","filingDate":"2025-07-17","adsh":"0002013458-25-000029"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_PEG_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PEG 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $PEG 6 days before a corporate insider (LaRossa Ralph A  (CIK 0001377477)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEG","filer":"LaRossa Ralph A  (CIK 0001377477)","filingDate":"2024-10-02","adsh":"0001225208-24-008979"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_PPL_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PPL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $PPL 6 days before a corporate insider (Crockett John R III  (CIK 0001884355)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPL","filer":"Crockett John R III  (CIK 0001884355)","filingDate":"2024-10-02","adsh":"0000950170-24-111530"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_SRE_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SRE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $SRE 6 days before a corporate insider (Kirk Jennifer M  (CIK 0001613343)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SRE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SRE","filer":"Kirk Jennifer M  (CIK 0001613343)","filingDate":"2024-10-02","adsh":"0001062993-24-017313"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_AMT_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $AMT 7 days before a corporate insider (Dowling Ruth T  (CIK 0001960785)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"Dowling Ruth T  (CIK 0001960785)","filingDate":"2024-10-03","adsh":"0001053507-24-000124"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_UNH_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $UNH 7 days before a corporate insider (Baker Charles D.  (CIK 0001554088)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"Baker Charles D.  (CIK 0001554088)","filingDate":"2024-10-03","adsh":"0000731766-24-000314"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_LHX_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LHX 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $LHX 7 days before a corporate insider (CHIARELLI PETER W  (CIK 0001556835)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"CHIARELLI PETER W  (CIK 0001556835)","filingDate":"2024-10-03","adsh":"0000202058-24-000154"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_UNP_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNP 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $UNP 7 days before a corporate insider (DILLON DAVID B  (CIK 0001186725)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"DILLON DAVID B  (CIK 0001186725)","filingDate":"2024-10-03","adsh":"0000100885-24-000206"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_NOC_20250711","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NOC 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sell $NOC 7 days before a corporate insider (Jones Thomas H  (CIK 0001834674)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOC","filer":"Jones Thomas H  (CIK 0001834674)","filingDate":"2025-07-18","adsh":"0001628280-25-035333"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_ELS_20240926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ELS 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $ELS 7 days before a corporate insider (Freedman Constance  (CIK 0001721638)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELS","filer":"Freedman Constance  (CIK 0001721638)","filingDate":"2024-10-03","adsh":"0001721638-24-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_MRVL_20250606","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MRVL 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ritchie Torres buy $MRVL 10 days before a corporate insider (Dixon Panteha  (CIK 0001962098)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"Dixon Panteha  (CIK 0001962098)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0001835632-25-000149"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000486_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Ritchie Torres accumulated 26 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P47_T000486_Investment_Company_Institute_118488","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Investment Company Institute testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-15 held a hearing titled \"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead\". The witness Mr. Tom Quaadman (Investment Company Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118488","title":"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead","date":"2025-07-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Quaadman","witnessOrg":"Investment Company Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488"},{"source":"donor","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ICI PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INVESTMENT%20COMPANY%20INSTITUTE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(ICI%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INVESTMENT%20COMPANY%20INSTITUTE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(ICI%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P48_T000486_118459","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BLK 2 days after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-08 held a hearing titled \"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Less Mandates. More Independence.\" — classified as Finance sector. The member sell $BLK (a Finance-sector stock) 2 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118459","title":"Task Force on Monetary Policy, Treasury Market Resilience, and Economic Prosperity: Less Mandates. More Independence.","date":"2025-07-08T18:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118459"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118459","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_T000486_117682","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MS 1 day after a Finance hearing in House Financial Services","explanation":"Ritchie Torres sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-09-24 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission\" — classified as Finance sector. The member buy $MS (a Finance-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117682","title":"Oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2024-09-24T14:00:00Z","sector":"Finance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117682"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117682","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_T000486_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Ritchie Torres executed 2 reported trades in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"HOME DEPOT INC.. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-11"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"HOME DEPOT INC.. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HOME%20DEPOT%20INC..%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HOME%20DEPOT%20INC..%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_T000486","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $75,000","explanation":"Ritchie Torres received campaign contributions totaling $75,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":75000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HOME DEPOT INC.. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_T000486","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $90,600 on 2019-06-24 (11.2× normal)","explanation":"Ritchie Torres's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $90,600 on 2019-06-24 — 11.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":151700,"maxRatio":11.2,"maxAmount":90600},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-06-24","amount":90600,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":8076,"count":55,"cmteId":"C00699744","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00699744&min_date=2019-06-24&max_date=2019-06-24"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-30","amount":61100,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":6025,"count":35,"cmteId":"C00699744","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00699744&min_date=2025-12-30&max_date=2025-12-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699744/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00699744&min_date=2019-06-24&max_date=2019-06-24"]},{"id":"P65_T000486_2024-09-26","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2024-09-26 — 58 unique tickers","explanation":"Ritchie Torres executed 60 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2024-09-26 to 2024-09-26), spanning 58 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2024-09-26","windowEnd":"2024-09-26","tradeCount":60,"uniqueTickers":58,"totalDisclosedTrades":123,"sampleTickers":["ENB","MSFT","PG","CMCSA","GOOGL","KMI","META","PLD","JNJ","LEN"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_T000486","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 70 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ritchie Torres appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 70 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (10); daily donation spike (7); reg rule trade proximity (6); selective filing delay (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":70,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":3},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":3},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000486","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_T000486","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ritchie Torres's campaign paid $406,822 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP ($406,822)","explanation":"Ritchie Torres's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $406,822 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP ($406,822 across 11 payments, services: POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL AND PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING · POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL & PUBLIC RELATIONS · POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":406822.43,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP","total":406822.43,"count":11,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL AND PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL & PUBLIC RELATIONS","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"torres"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0NY15160&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P139_T000486","pattern_type":"P139_ACTIVE_TRADER_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ritchie Torres filed 58 STOCK Act PTRs in past 12 months — 57 distinct tickers, 1 buys, 57 sells","explanation":"Ritchie Torres filed 58 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the past 12 months — well above the senate/house median (most members file fewer than 10 trades per year). Of these, 1 were buy transactions and 57 were sells, spanning 57 distinct tickers. Active trading is itself a red flag under STOCK Act intent: members are supposed to refrain from trading on material non-public information acquired through their official duties (committee briefings, classified hearings, advance notice of regulatory actions). High trade volume increases the probability that any single trade was timed near committee work — so journalists should systematically cross-reference each trade date against the member's committee calendar, votes, sponsored bills, and public statements within ±30 days. The PELOSI Act would prohibit members from trading individual stocks while in office; this member's trade volume illustrates the scale of the activity the bill targets.","evidence":[{"source":"active_trader_12mo","tradeCount":58,"distinctTickers":57,"buys":1,"sells":57,"sampleTickers":["MET","EMR","PPL","FCX","BLK","LHX","GOOGL","WCN","MRK","SHW","HD","AVGO"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-leads-introduction-of-the-pelosi-act"]},{"id":"P141_T000486","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ritchie Torres executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL LEN (0d apart)","explanation":"Ritchie Torres has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL LEN 2024-09-26 → 2024-09-26 (0d) · SELL→BUY ICE 2024-09-26 → 2024-09-26 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"LEN","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2024-09-26","date2":"2024-09-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ICE","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2024-09-26","date2":"2024-09-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_T000486","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ritchie Torres's PAC funding concentrates 90% in Finance ($0.49M / $0.55M classified)","explanation":"Ritchie Torres's PAC donors concentrate 90% in the Finance industry — $0.49M of $0.55M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.49M · Technology $0.02M · Labor $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.49,"totalPacAmountM":0.55,"concentrationPct":90.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.49,"Technology":0.02,"Labor":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY15160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_T000486","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ritchie Torres triggers 24 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ritchie Torres accumulates 24 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":24,"distinctDetectorTypes":25}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_T000486_2024-09-26","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ritchie Torres — 60 trades on 2024-09-26","explanation":"Ritchie Torres disclosed 60 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2024-09-26). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2024-09-26","count":60}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_T000486","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ritchie Torres — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (123/123)","explanation":"Ritchie Torres's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":123,"atBracket":123,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_T000486","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ritchie Torres — 79 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Ritchie Torres has traded 79 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":79,"sample":["MET","EMR","PPL","FCX","BLK","LHX","GOOGL","WCN","MRK","SHW"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001066":[{"id":"P4_C001066_Telecom","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom trades filed 52d late on avg — overall avg only 18d","explanation":"In Telecom (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 52.3 days — versus 17.8 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":4,"avgGap":52},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":33,"avgGap":18},{"source":"pac","sector":"Telecom","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001066_3k701o","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $405,686 / spent $368,821","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00526301","cmteName":"ATHENA PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":30000,"totalDisbursements":5000,"cashOnHand":10000},{"cmteId":"C00526301","cmteName":"ATHENA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":54508.8,"totalDisbursements":47082.6,"cashOnHand":16975},{"cmteId":"C00526301","cmteName":"ATHENA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":79025.3,"totalDisbursements":79832.8,"cashOnHand":16167.75},{"cmteId":"C00526301","cmteName":"ATHENA PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":93002,"totalDisbursements":92569.9,"cashOnHand":16599.9},{"cmteId":"C00526301","cmteName":"ATHENA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":84500,"totalDisbursements":89456.8,"cashOnHand":11643.09}],"totalRaised":405686.1,"totalSpent":368820.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001066_lw5ax4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"88% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $102,250 in itemized individual contributions, $90,100 (88%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":102250,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":0,"$500-$999":2150,"$1000-$1999":10000,"$2000 and over":90100},"megaShare":88.1,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001066_AAL_2020-05-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-13 and 2020-05-20, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-05-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001066","name":"Kathy Castor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-05-13 to 2020-05-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001066_AAL_2020-05-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-19 and 2020-05-26, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-05-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001066","name":"Kathy Castor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"K000378","name":"Adam Kinzinger"}],"span":"2020-05-19 to 2020-05-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001066_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kathy Castor executed 5 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":4,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":4,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-07-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-05-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":13,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policy Statement on Factors Considered in Assessing Civil Monetary Penalties on Small Entities","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-07-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policy Statement on Factors Considered in Assessing Civil Monetary Penalties on Small Entities","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-07-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001066_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kathy Castor executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2020-03-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","date":"2020-03-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2020-03-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2020-02-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulation D: Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2020-02-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001066_7gzfo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kathy Castor campaign paid $7,049,108 to 33 surname-matched vendors, top: MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUT","explanation":"Kathy Castor's campaign paid 60 disbursements totaling $7,049,108 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","total":2290000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","amount":2290000,"date":"2022-05-18","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN & BLAINE","total":1298569.47,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":303910.75,"date":"2024-02-28","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":202249.81,"date":"2024-02-08","description":"PRINTING SERVICES, ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":180810,"date":"2024-02-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURNS, MARTIN","total":660000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":435000,"date":"2014-02-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":225000,"date":"2016-04-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":263547,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":146288,"date":"1995-09-13","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":68184,"date":"1995-11-06","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":49075,"date":"1995-09-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","total":252500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":100000,"date":"2022-06-09","description":"CONTRIBUTION - SHOLARSHIP FUNDS","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":52500,"date":"2020-06-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION - SCHOLARSHIPS","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":50000,"date":"2022-09-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION-SCHOLARSHIP FUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE MARTIN AGENCY","total":249877,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE MARTIN AGENCY","amount":249877,"date":"2008-08-11","description":"","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARTIN%20SHIANG%20(CREW)%20IN-KIND%20CONTRIBUTION"]},{"id":"P23_C001066_11scun","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 trades in BRK.B (Other) — 36% of this member's 72 total trades","explanation":"Kathy Castor has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"BRK.B","count":26,"buys":23,"sells":3,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2019-01-28","lastDate":"2024-07-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_C001066_yuavzv","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Kathy Castor's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":3000,"fara_registrant":"Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P36_C001066","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Kathy Castor has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001066_BIF_20200103","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BIF 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy Castor buy $BIF 1 day after a corporate insider (KESSLER PAUL L.  (CIK 0001113835)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BIF","filer":"KESSLER PAUL L.  (CIK 0001113835)","filingDate":"2020-01-02","adsh":"0001683168-20-000008","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001066_LUV_20200519","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LUV 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy Castor buy $LUV 3 days before a corporate insider (Gilligan Thomas W.  (CIK 0001553750)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LUV","filer":"Gilligan Thomas W.  (CIK 0001553750)","filingDate":"2020-05-22","adsh":"0000092380-20-000082"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001066_BIF_20200103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BIF 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy Castor buy $BIF 4 days before a corporate insider (KESSLER PAUL L.  (CIK 0001113835)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BIF","filer":"KESSLER PAUL L.  (CIK 0001113835)","filingDate":"2020-01-07","adsh":"0001683168-20-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001066_BEN_20200310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BEN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy Castor sell $BEN 7 days before a corporate insider (Andreessen Horowitz Fund I, L.P.  (CIK 0001466249)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BEN","filer":"Andreessen Horowitz Fund I, L.P.  (CIK 0001466249)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-019856"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001066_BRK.B_20210614","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BRK.B 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kathy Castor buy $BRK.B 9 days before a corporate insider (Abel Gregory  (CIK 0001646348)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRK.B","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BRK.B","filer":"Abel Gregory  (CIK 0001646348)","filingDate":"2021-06-23","adsh":"0001081316-21-000023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_C001066_2016-03-01_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $BA 18 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Kathy Castor delivered a 230-word floor speech on 2016-03-01 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise to join the millions of Americans who will mark the annual celebration of March as Women’s History Month. During Women’s History Month, we celebrate the successes of America’s wome…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 18 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-03-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":230,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise to join the millions of Americans who will mark the annual celebration of March as Women’s History Month. During Women’s History Month, we celebrate the successes of America’s wome","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/03/01/162/33/CREC-2016-03-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/03/01/162/33/CREC-2016-03-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001066_2016-02-04_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BAC 8 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Kathy Castor delivered a 810-word floor speech on 2016-02-04 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker and Members, this is the final amend- ment to the bill, which will not kill the bill or send it back to committee. If adopted, the bill will immediately pro- ceed to final passage, as amen…\"). The member buy $BAC (a Finance-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-02-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":810,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker and Members, this is the final amend- ment to the bill, which will not kill the bill or send it back to committee. If adopted, the bill will immediately pro- ceed to final passage, as amen","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/02/04/162/21/CREC-2016-02-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/02/04/162/21/CREC-2016-02-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_C001066_DIS","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $DIS — DISNEY's PAC also donated $6,000","explanation":"Kathy Castor executed 2 reported trades in $DIS (DISNEY). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"TWDC ENTERPRISES 18 CORP. EMPLOYEES PAC AKA 'THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY EMPLOYEES PAC' OR 'DISNEY PAC'\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","parent":"DISNEY","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-08-04"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-06-06"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"TWDC ENTERPRISES 18 CORP. EMPLOYEES PAC AKA 'THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY EMPLOYEES PAC' OR 'DISNEY PAC'","parent":"DISNEY","total":6000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=TWDC%20ENTERPRISES%2018%20CORP.%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC%20AKA%20'THE%20WALT%20DISNEY%20COMPANY%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC'%20OR%20'DISNEY%20PAC'"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=TWDC%20ENTERPRISES%2018%20CORP.%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC%20AKA%20'THE%20WALT%20DISNEY%20COMPANY%20EMPLOYEES%20PAC'%20OR%20'DISNEY%20PAC'","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_C001066","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $130,600","explanation":"Kathy Castor received campaign contributions totaling $130,600 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); NEW YORK LIFE ($10,000); IHEARTMEDIA, INC. (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CLEAR CHANNEL ($10,000); COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":130600,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NEW YORK LIFE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NEW YORK LIFE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"IHEARTMEDIA, INC. - CLEAR CHANNEL OUTDOOR PAC","ldaClient":"IHEARTMEDIA, INC. (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CLEAR CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS, INC.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_C001066","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kathy Castor appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (4); coordinated trade cluster (2); reg rule trade proximity (2); speech advocacy trade (2); selective filing delay (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001066","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_C001066","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kathy Castor's campaign paid $127,435 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: BETTY CASTOR FOR US SENATE ($91,935)","explanation":"Kathy Castor's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $127,435 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BETTY CASTOR FOR US SENATE ($91,935 across 6 payments, services: CHARGEBACK-ADJUSTMENT · 2004 PRIMARY DEBT · CONTRIBUTIONS). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":127435,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BETTY CASTOR FOR US SENATE","total":91935,"count":6,"descriptions":["CHARGEBACK-ADJUSTMENT","2004 PRIMARY DEBT","CONTRIBUTIONS"]},{"payee":"CASTOR & BARNES / PUERTO RICO","total":15500,"count":1,"descriptions":["MARKET RESEARCH FIELDWORK & CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CASTOR, BETTY","total":10000,"count":2,"descriptions":["FLORIDA US SENATE","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"CASTOR, KATHERINE ANNE","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"BETTY CASTOR FOR U.S. SENATE","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTR."]}],"surname":"castor"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6FL11126&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001066","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kathy Castor draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.7M PAC / $21.2M total)","explanation":"Kathy Castor's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.7M of $21.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.75,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.22,"pacSharePct":45.9,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6FL11126"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6FL11126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_C001066","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kathy Castor executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL INTC (0d apart)","explanation":"Kathy Castor has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL INTC 2017-02-14 → 2017-02-14 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"INTC","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-02-14","date2":"2017-02-14","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_C001066","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kathy Castor — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (72/72)","explanation":"Kathy Castor's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":72,"atBracket":72,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001066_BRK.B","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kathy Castor — 26 disclosed trades in single ticker BRK.B","explanation":"Kathy Castor traded BRK.B on 26 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the BRK.B trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"BRK.B","count":26}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_C001066","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kathy Castor — DW-NOMINATE -0.44 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Kathy Castor's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.44) is 1.6 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.437,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.56"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C001075":[{"id":"P4_C001075_Finance","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Finance trades filed 129d late on avg — overall avg only 57d","explanation":"In Finance (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 128.6 days — versus 56.9 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Finance","count":9,"avgGap":129},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":131,"avgGap":57},{"source":"pac","sector":"Finance","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P6_C001075_uf77ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,207,046 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LOUISIANA LEGACY PAC","explanation":"LOUISIANA LEGACY PAC spent $1,207,046 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 52 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00638528","name":"LOUISIANA LEGACY PAC","support":1207046.23,"oppose":0,"events":52}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638528/"]},{"id":"P6_C001075_uguimb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$631,840 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","explanation":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC. spent $631,840 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00608943","name":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","support":631839.95,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608943/"]},{"id":"P6_C001075_d0mbr0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$341,326 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Rifle Association Institute for","explanation":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action spent $341,326 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013301","name":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action","support":341325.73999999993,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013301/"]},{"id":"P7_C001075_stk2mo","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $10,527,381 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $10,527,381 opposing this member across 280 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":10527380.54,"totalSupport":3557350.65,"events":280,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":4144910.25},{"name":"Patriot Majority USA","oppose":2972978.2400000007},{"name":"Senate Majority PAC","oppose":2444053.79},{"name":"Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC","oppose":341271.68},{"name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC","oppose":313134.42}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001075_jjb59y","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,599 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $88,599 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":88599,"oppose":0,"net":88599,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":64827.69,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":11641.970000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":11259.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":586.93,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":283.27,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001075_frekwd","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $6,209,926 / spent $5,567,040","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00480228","cmteName":"CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":569451.2,"totalDisbursements":565669.3,"cashOnHand":20296.38},{"cmteId":"C00480228","cmteName":"CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":752166.1,"totalDisbursements":746575.5,"cashOnHand":25886.94},{"cmteId":"C00480228","cmteName":"CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":948500.1,"totalDisbursements":933556.1,"cashOnHand":40830.89},{"cmteId":"C00480228","cmteName":"CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":1363051.2,"totalDisbursements":1048743.3,"cashOnHand":355138.77},{"cmteId":"C00480228","cmteName":"CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":1301767.6,"totalDisbursements":1409853.9,"cashOnHand":247052.42}],"totalRaised":6209925.999999999,"totalSpent":5567040.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001075_wwdfa3","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -16%)","explanation":"Of $21,983,277 in itemized individual contributions, $18,403,051 (84%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":21983277,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-3467341,"$200.01-$499":782104,"$500-$999":1978157,"$1000-$1999":4287306,"$2000 and over":18403051},"megaShare":83.7,"smallDonorShare":-15.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001075_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6537 employees of RETIRED gave $2,599,615 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 6537× RETIRED = $2,599,615; 1938× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,466,621. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":6537,"total":2599615,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":1938,"total":1466621,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001075_wo88zy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,250 donation spike on 2020-12-23 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-12-23 this committee recorded $51,250 across 18 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,269.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00480228","date":"2020-12-23","amount":51250,"count":18,"baseline":7269,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00480228/"]},{"id":"P15_C001075_8md0b7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$213,450 donation spike on 2014-03-27 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-27 this committee recorded $213,450 across 167 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,322.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543983","date":"2014-03-27","amount":213450,"count":167,"baseline":19322,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001075_8mbqd3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$173,950 donation spike on 2014-05-14 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-05-14 this committee recorded $173,950 across 86 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,469.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543983","date":"2014-05-14","amount":173950,"count":86,"baseline":15469,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001075_ntyny1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$130,025 donation spike on 2021-01-01 — 21.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-01-01 this committee recorded $130,025 across 62 contributions — 21.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,983.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543983","date":"2021-01-01","amount":130025,"count":62,"baseline":5983,"ratio":21.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001075_napdmf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,280 donation spike on 2013-06-05 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-05 this committee recorded $115,280 across 62 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,785.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543983","date":"2013-06-05","amount":115280,"count":62,"baseline":15785,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001075_nangle","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,450 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $114,450 across 131 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,429.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543983","date":"2013-09-30","amount":114450,"count":131,"baseline":14429,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001075_8md0d0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$112,100 donation spike on 2014-03-04 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-04 this committee recorded $112,100 across 70 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,781.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543983","date":"2014-03-04","amount":112100,"count":70,"baseline":11781,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001075_8mbqc9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,350 donation spike on 2014-05-23 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-05-23 this committee recorded $106,350 across 57 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,288.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543983","date":"2014-05-23","amount":106350,"count":57,"baseline":17288,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001075_na9ewe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,855 donation spike on 2013-10-29 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-10-29 this committee recorded $100,855 across 78 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,795.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543983","date":"2013-10-29","amount":100855,"count":78,"baseline":16795,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/"]},{"id":"P17_C001075_QCOM_2017-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-31 and 2017-11-07, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2017-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"},{"bioguideId":"C001075","name":"Bill Cassidy"}],"span":"2017-10-31 to 2017-11-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001075_QCOM_2017-11-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-11-07 and 2017-11-07, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2017-11-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"},{"bioguideId":"C001075","name":"Bill Cassidy"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2017-11-07 to 2017-11-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001075_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bill Cassidy executed 3 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-03-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2020-03-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Contract Year 2021 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medicare Prescripti","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-10-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Update to the Required Prior Authorization List of Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics, ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-02-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001075_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bill Cassidy executed 11 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Information Sharing for Purposes of Judicial Review","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2020-10-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Information Sharing for Purposes of Judicial Review","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2020-10-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001075_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bill Cassidy executed 5 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2020-11-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TROW","date":"2020-07-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2020-03-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Income Tax Withholding From Wages","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-10-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Income Tax Withholding From Wages","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-10-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001075_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Bill Cassidy executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","date":"2020-03-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of the Class E Airspace; Bowling Green and Somerset, KY","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-02-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001075_hubx1v","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Cassidy campaign paid $1,178,617 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: FETZER STEPHENS, INC.","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's campaign paid 68 disbursements totaling $1,178,617 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FETZER STEPHENS, INC.","total":395000,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"FETZER STEPHENS, INC.","amount":40000,"date":"2008-07-31","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FETZER STEPHENS, INC.","amount":25000,"date":"2007-04-03","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FETZER STEPHENS, INC.","amount":25000,"date":"2007-04-12","description":"MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEPHENS, NAKIA","total":101211.57,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"STEPHENS, NAKIA","amount":13487.01,"date":"2025-08-30","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"STEPHENS, NAKIA","amount":13332.87,"date":"2025-07-30","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"STEPHENS, NAKIA","amount":12227.3,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"SALARY & BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEPHENS PRINTING","total":91751.74,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"STEPHENS PRINTING","amount":43672.05,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"CAMPAIGN PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS/SIGNS","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"STEPHENS PRINTING","amount":36433.5,"date":"2024-01-11","description":"PRINTING OF YARD SIGNS","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"STEPHENS PRINTING","amount":11646.19,"date":"2022-04-15","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KIRBY STEPHENS DESIGN, INC.","total":83050.06,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KIRBY STEPHENS DESIGN, INC.","amount":10819.03,"date":"2012-02-16","description":"HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"KIRBY STEPHENS DESIGN, INC.","amount":10728.02,"date":"2014-01-13","description":"HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"KIRBY STEPHENS DESIGN, INC.","amount":10612.55,"date":"2014-12-11","description":"HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEPHENS, WARREN","total":79510,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"STEPHENS, WARREN","amount":41300,"date":"2024-12-31","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"STEPHENS, WARREN","amount":16500,"date":"2024-08-23","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"STEPHENS, WARREN","amount":11710,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEPHENS, WARREN A","total":54000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"STEPHENS, WARREN A","amount":54000,"date":"2016-12-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"stephens","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FETZER%20STEPHENS"]},{"id":"P32_C001075","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"13% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 1.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 170 disclosed trades, 22 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 1.9× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":22,"total":170,"rate":12.9},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":1.89}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001075","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"Bill Cassidy has findings in 12 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":12,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_C001075_Healthcare_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare PACs gave $17K in 2020 — 7.1× baseline — after 8-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Bill Cassidy executed 8 trades in Healthcare-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Healthcare industry contributed $17,000 — 7.1× the member's all-cycle baseline of $2,383/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Healthcare","tradeCount":8},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Healthcare","amount":17000,"baseline":2383,"ratio":"7.1"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001075_LOW_20201105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $LOW 1 day after a corporate insider (AYERS JONATHAN W  (CIK 0001184149)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"AYERS JONATHAN W  (CIK 0001184149)","filingDate":"2020-11-04","adsh":"0001567619-20-018702","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001075_LOW_20200819","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LOW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $LOW 1 day after a corporate insider (AYERS JONATHAN W  (CIK 0001184149)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"AYERS JONATHAN W  (CIK 0001184149)","filingDate":"2020-08-18","adsh":"0001567619-20-015707","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001075_AMGN_20201105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMGN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $AMGN 1 day after a corporate insider (Kullman Ellen Jamison  (CIK 0001303141)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"Kullman Ellen Jamison  (CIK 0001303141)","filingDate":"2020-11-04","adsh":"0001127602-20-028203","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001075_SBUX_20201105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SBUX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $SBUX 1 day after a corporate insider (ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)","filingDate":"2020-11-04","adsh":"0001127602-20-028200","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001075_JPM_20201105","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JPM 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $JPM 2 days after a corporate insider (Sommadossi Jean-Pierre  (CIK 0001296995)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"Sommadossi Jean-Pierre  (CIK 0001296995)","filingDate":"2020-11-03","adsh":"0000899243-20-030329","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001075_PG_20200309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PG 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $PG 5 days after a corporate insider (Thomason David S.  (CIK 0001676160)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Thomason David S.  (CIK 0001676160)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001127602-20-009317","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001075_MSFT_20200309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $MSFT 5 days after a corporate insider (Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hogan Kathleen T  (CIK 0001626431)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001626431-20-000018","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_LOW_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LOW 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $LOW 1 day before a corporate insider (AYERS JONATHAN W  (CIK 0001184149)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"AYERS JONATHAN W  (CIK 0001184149)","filingDate":"2020-11-06","adsh":"0001567619-20-018870"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_AMGN_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMGN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $AMGN 5 days before a corporate insider (Williams R Sanders  (CIK 0001375347)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMGN","filer":"Williams R Sanders  (CIK 0001375347)","filingDate":"2020-11-10","adsh":"0001127602-20-028671"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_DIS_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DIS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $DIS 5 days before a corporate insider (Parker Mary Jayne  (CIK 0001473846)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Parker Mary Jayne  (CIK 0001473846)","filingDate":"2020-11-10","adsh":"0001744489-20-000182"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_AAPL_20200819","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $AAPL 5 days before a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2020-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-20-000064"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_LOW_20200819","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LOW 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $LOW 7 days before a corporate insider (A WILHELMSEN A S  (CIK 0001280467)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LOW","filer":"A WILHELMSEN A S  (CIK 0001280467)","filingDate":"2020-08-26","adsh":"0001567619-20-016034"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_BLK_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BLK 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $BLK 7 days before a corporate insider (Arikeri Pathikonda Sivakumar  (CIK 0001818871)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Arikeri Pathikonda Sivakumar  (CIK 0001818871)","filingDate":"2020-11-12","adsh":"0001062993-20-005552"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_DOW_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DOW 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy buy $DOW 7 days before a corporate insider (FETTIG JEFF M  (CIK 0001224295)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOW","filer":"FETTIG JEFF M  (CIK 0001224295)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001225208-20-005124"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_WMT_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy sell $WMT 7 days before a corporate insider (Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Bartlett Daniel J  (CIK 0001579299)","filingDate":"2020-03-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-010874"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001075_JNJ_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JNJ 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Bill Cassidy buy $JNJ 8 days before a corporate insider (PEREZ WILLIAM D  (CIK 0001184649)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"PEREZ WILLIAM D  (CIK 0001184649)","filingDate":"2020-03-17","adsh":"0001225208-20-005275"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P45_C001075","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15% of stock trades (26 of 170) in major federal contractors — top: LOW ($46B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy concentrated 15% of their stock-trading activity (26 of 170 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $220B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LOW","totalContracts":45560278142.38001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":6},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"DIS","totalContracts":53807975218.79,"agency":"Department of Energy","memberTrades":6},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"CVS","totalContracts":40572588812.29001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":6},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BLK","totalContracts":16614570957.05,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"UPS","totalContracts":63305478307.75998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":26,"totalStockTrades":170,"concentrationPct":15,"distinctContractors":6,"topExposure":219860891438.27}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001075_2020-11-10_Consumer","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LOW 5 days before a Consumer floor speech","explanation":"Bill Cassidy delivered a 161-word floor speech on 2020-11-10 that the classifier tagged Consumer sector (preview: \"Madam President, I am here today to pay tribute to three brave law enforcement officers in Lou- isiana who were recently shot in the line of duty, and, sadly, one died. I begin with the man who died.…\"). The member sell $LOW (a Consumer-sector stock) 5 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-11-10","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":161,"sector":"Consumer","textPreview":"Madam President, I am here today to pay tribute to three brave law enforcement officers in Lou- isiana who were recently shot in the line of duty, and, sadly, one died. I begin with the man who died. ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/11/10/CREC-2020-11-10-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOW","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","sector":"Consumer","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/11/10/CREC-2020-11-10-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001075_2020-11-10_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 5 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Bill Cassidy delivered a 528-word floor speech on 2020-11-10 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam President, I would also like to recognize New Orle- ans Police Officer Trevor Abney, who was shot in the face and fortunately has survived. Officer Abney and Officer Brooke Duncan were on patrol…\"). The member sell $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 5 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-11-10","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":528,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam President, I would also like to recognize New Orle- ans Police Officer Trevor Abney, who was shot in the face and fortunately has survived. Officer Abney and Officer Brooke Duncan were on patrol","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/11/10/CREC-2020-11-10-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/11/10/CREC-2020-11-10-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001075_2018-01-04_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 6 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Bill Cassidy delivered a 1294-word floor speech on 2018-01-04 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. President, Repub- licans just passed the largest tax re- form package in 30-something years, and middle America will go home in February with bigger paychecks than they did—I say in February becau…\"). The member sell $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-01-04","chamber":"Senate","wordCount":1294,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. President, Repub- licans just passed the largest tax re- form package in 30-something years, and middle America will go home in February with bigger paychecks than they did—I say in February becau","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/01/04/CREC-2018-01-04-senate.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-01-31"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-29"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/01/04/CREC-2018-01-04-senate.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_YACKX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $YACKX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $YACKX on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $YACKX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"YACKX","assetName":"YACKX - Amg Yacktman Fund - Class I","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/878c4bde-388b-453b-8a38-b753aa618074/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"YACKX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/878c4bde-388b-453b-8a38-b753aa618074/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_XOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $XOM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $XOM on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $XOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XOM","assetName":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XOM","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-25"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-07"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"10 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 10 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":10,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_AFL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $AFL — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $AFL on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AFL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AFL","assetName":"AFL - Aflac Incorporated","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AFL","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_AMGN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $AMGN — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $AMGN on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $AMGN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMGN","assetName":"AMGN - Amgen Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMGN","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_BLK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $BLK — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $BLK on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $BLK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BLK","assetName":"BLK - BlackRock, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BLK","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_CSCO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $CSCO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $CSCO on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $CSCO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CSCO","assetName":"CSCO - Cisco Systems, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CSCO","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $CVS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Health Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-25"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_DIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $DIS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $DIS on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $DIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DIS","assetName":"DIS - The Walt Disney Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DIS","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_EMR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $EMR — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $EMR on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $EMR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EMR","assetName":"EMR - Emerson Electric Co.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EMR","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_LOW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $LOW — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $LOW on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $LOW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LOW","assetName":"LOW - Lowe's Companies, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LOW","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_PG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $PG — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $PG on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $PG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PG","assetName":"PG - The Procter & Gamble Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PG","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_WMT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $WMT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $WMT on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $WMT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WMT","assetName":"WMT - Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WMT","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_IBM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $IBM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $IBM on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $IBM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IBM","assetName":"IBM - International Business Machines Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IBM","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_MDT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 trades in $MDT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $MDT on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 6 reported trades in $MDT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MDT","assetName":"MDT - Medtronic plc","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MDT","tradeCount":6,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_TROW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $TROW — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $TROW on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $TROW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TROW","assetName":"TROW - T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TROW","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-10-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $CMCSA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $CMCSA on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $CMCSA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CMCSA","assetName":"CMCSA - Comcast Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CMCSA","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-25"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_SBUX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $SBUX — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $SBUX on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $SBUX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SBUX","assetName":"SBUX - Starbucks Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SBUX","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-19"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_NVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $NVS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $NVS on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $NVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NVS","assetName":"NVS - Novartis AG","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5130577d-5885-4f9b-b15a-294bc322f63e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NVS","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-05"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-25"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5130577d-5885-4f9b-b15a-294bc322f63e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_VFC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $VFC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $VFC on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $VFC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VFC","assetName":"VFC - V.F. Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8804e5a2-b05d-40db-b1cb-a05d39e36c85/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VFC","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-23"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-10-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8804e5a2-b05d-40db-b1cb-a05d39e36c85/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_QCOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $QCOM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $QCOM on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $QCOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"QCOM","assetName":"QCOM - QUALCOMM Incorporated (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0d157df-0e15-447b-bbb4-ae592ed6994f/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"QCOM","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-10-31"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0d157df-0e15-447b-bbb4-ae592ed6994f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_SLB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $SLB — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $SLB on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $SLB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SLB","assetName":"SLB - Schlumberger Limited","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0d157df-0e15-447b-bbb4-ae592ed6994f/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SLB","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-31"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-09"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0d157df-0e15-447b-bbb4-ae592ed6994f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_SO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $SO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $SO on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $SO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SO","assetName":"SO - The Southern Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0d157df-0e15-447b-bbb4-ae592ed6994f/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SO","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-29"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-07-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0d157df-0e15-447b-bbb4-ae592ed6994f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_CVX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CVX — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed an asset position in $CVX on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CVX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVX","assetName":"CVX - Chevron Corporation (NYSE) Filer comment: Due to adverse economic conditions, an unrealized lo","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/327bd7ef-7b11-4d48-a5a6-869ece64e284/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVX","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-10-31"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-31"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-12-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/327bd7ef-7b11-4d48-a5a6-869ece64e284/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_C001075_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 3 Healthcare stocks (CVS, MDT, ABT)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS, MDT, ABT) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","MDT","ABT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_C001075_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 5 Energy stocks (XOM, SLB, CVX, COP, OXY)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM, SLB, CVX, COP, OXY) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","SLB","CVX","COP","OXY"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_C001075","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$89K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 73% from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATI","explanation":"Bill Cassidy received $88,599 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION ($64,827.69 = 73%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":88599,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":283.27,"2012":563.12,"2014":87752.61},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":64827.69,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":11641.970000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":11259.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":586.93,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":283.27,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_C001075","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $213,450 on 2014-03-27 (11.0× normal)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $213,450 on 2014-03-27 — 11.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":517425,"maxRatio":21.7,"maxAmount":213450},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-03-27","amount":213450,"ratio":11,"baselineDaily":19322,"count":167,"cmteId":"C00543983","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543983&min_date=2014-03-27&max_date=2014-03-27"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-05-14","amount":173950,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":15469,"count":86,"cmteId":"C00543983","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543983&min_date=2014-05-14&max_date=2014-05-14"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-01-01","amount":130025,"ratio":21.7,"baselineDaily":5983,"count":62,"cmteId":"C00543983","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543983&min_date=2021-01-01&max_date=2021-01-01"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543983/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00543983&min_date=2014-03-27&max_date=2014-03-27"]},{"id":"P63_C001075","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 88 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 88 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): SGIIX, VWIAX, TIAA, YACKX, PRWCX, GBLFX, ODVYX, VB, JBALX, BCI, TRBCX, VO, VTWO, IVWIX, XOM, … (73 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":88,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["SGIIX","VWIAX","TIAA","YACKX","PRWCX","GBLFX","ODVYX","VB","JBALX","BCI","TRBCX","VO","VTWO","IVWIX","XOM","AAPL","AFL","AMGN","BLK","CSCO","CVS","DIS","EMR","LOW","MSFT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_C001075_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Healthcare stocks (CVS, MDT, ABT) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Healthcare stocks — CVS, MDT, ABT — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2017). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","MDT","ABT"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd6b30f9-70df-4216-88a6-264d279c00ce/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd6b30f9-70df-4216-88a6-264d279c00ce/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001075_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 5 Energy stocks (XOM, SLB, CVX, COP, OXY) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 5 Energy stocks — XOM, SLB, CVX, COP, OXY — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2015). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","SLB","CVX","COP","OXY"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dc8204-724e-4a1e-bd34-3139599fe44e/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dc8204-724e-4a1e-bd34-3139599fe44e/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C001075_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Finance stocks (BLK, JPM) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Finance stocks — BLK, JPM — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2017). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["BLK","JPM"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd6b30f9-70df-4216-88a6-264d279c00ce/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd6b30f9-70df-4216-88a6-264d279c00ce/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_C001075_2016-03-29","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"32 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2016-03-29 — 32 unique tickers","explanation":"Bill Cassidy executed 32 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2016-03-29 to 2016-03-31), spanning 32 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2016-03-29","windowEnd":"2016-03-31","tradeCount":32,"uniqueTickers":32,"totalDisclosedTrades":170,"sampleTickers":["YACKX","PX","XOM","TM","CTL","F","NVS","SO","MSFT","DIS"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P67_C001075_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 5 Healthcare bills AND holds 3 Healthcare stocks (CVS, MDT, ABT)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy has sponsored 5 bills affecting the Healthcare sector AND simultaneously holds 3 publicly-traded Healthcare stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (CVS, MDT, ABT). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: HR 2033 (2025-12-05), HR 5979 (2025-08-14), HR 6162 (2025-08-14), HR 1239 (2025-08-12), HR 1675 (2025-08-12).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Healthcare","count":5,"sample":[{"key":"111_HR_2033","title":"To apply an alternative payment amount under the Medicare Program for certain graduate medical educa","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2033"},{"key":"112_HR_5979","title":"Medicaid Accountability and Care Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5979"},{"key":"112_HR_6162","title":"Ensuring Women's Access to Free-Market Healthcare Act of 2012","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6162"},{"key":"113_HR_1239","title":"Accessing Medicare Therapies Act of 2013","introducedDate":"2025-08-12","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1239"},{"key":"113_HR_1675","title":"Ensuring Women's Access to Free-Market Healthcare Act of 2013","introducedDate":"2025-08-12","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1675"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","MDT","ABT"],"totalCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P67_C001075_Energy","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sponsored 4 Energy bills AND holds 5 Energy stocks (XOM, SLB, CVX, COP, OXY)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy has sponsored 4 bills affecting the Energy sector AND simultaneously holds 5 publicly-traded Energy stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (XOM, SLB, CVX, COP, OXY). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: HR 6094 (2025-01-02), HRES 1374 (2025-01-02), HR 1712 (2025-08-14), HR 1582 (2025-04-07).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Energy","count":4,"sample":[{"key":"111_HR_6094","title":"To establish the National Commission on Outer Continental Shelf Oil Spill Prevention.","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6094"},{"key":"111_HRES_1374","title":"Providing that all revenue derived from the excise tax on oil production should continue to pay for ","introducedDate":"2025-01-02","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1374"},{"key":"112_HR_1712","title":"Job Creation and Energy Security Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1712"},{"key":"113_HR_1582","title":"Energy Consumers Relief Act of 2013","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1582"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","SLB","CVX","COP","OXY"],"totalCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_C001075","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $1.5M in personal liabilities (340% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,500,001 in personal liabilities against $441,512.5 in assets — a 339.7% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.5M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1500001,"totalAssetMid":441512.5,"leverageRatio":339.7,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e010e69c-156c-41bd-b966-08248add369d/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2016 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 3.625% (30 Years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Manhattan, New York · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2016 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 3.75% (30 Years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Manhattan, New York · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e010e69c-156c-41bd-b966-08248add369d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_C001075","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$29,998 in outside earned income — top source: Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical C ($$29,998.00)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $29,998 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical C ($29,998.00, Wages).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":29998,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Wages","source":"Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Baton Rouge, ","amount":"$29,998.00","amountNumeric":29998}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e010e69c-156c-41bd-b966-08248add369d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_C001075_2017","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 19 new ticker holdings in 2017 not present in prior PFD filings — including ABT, AFL, AMGN, BLK, CSCO, CVS","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 19 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: ABT, AFL, AMGN, BLK, CSCO, CVS, DIS, EMR, GWW, LOW, MSFT, NVS.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2017,"count":19,"newTickers":["ABT","AFL","AMGN","BLK","CSCO","CVS","DIS","EMR","GWW","LOW","MSFT","NVS"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7fb8cb86-6c3f-4ae2-80ec-76956590b8f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7fb8cb86-6c3f-4ae2-80ec-76956590b8f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001075","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 29 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 104 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bill Cassidy appears in 29 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 104 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 29 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (42); daily donation spike (9); insider front ran trade (9); insider followed trade (7); reg rule trade proximity (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":29,"totalFindings":104,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":42},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":9},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":2},{"type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001075","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_C001075_2020","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 48 ticker holdings between 2019 and 2020 — including JNBSX, NVS, PPG, POSIX, TIBIX, TBGVX","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 48 ticker holdings present in the 2019 filing but absent in 2020. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: JNBSX, NVS, PPG, POSIX, TIBIX, TBGVX, OAYBX, VITWX, TRRSX, TIKRX, TRPWX, TCLEX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2019,2020],"count":48,"divestedTickers":["JNBSX","NVS","PPG","POSIX","TIBIX","TBGVX","OAYBX","VITWX","TRRSX","TIKRX","TRPWX","TCLEX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_C001075_2019","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Cassidy filed 5 amendments to the 2019 Senate annual disclosure — 17 total amendments across 5 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Bill Cassidy's Senate eFD record shows 5 amendments to the 2019 report alone, with 17 amendments across 5 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2019,"amendmentCount":5,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":17,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":5,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 3)","Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 3)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5130577d-5885-4f9b-b15a-294bc322f63e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8804e5a2-b05d-40db-b1cb-a05d39e36c85/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0d157df-0e15-447b-bbb4-ae592ed6994f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/327bd7ef-7b11-4d48-a5a6-869ece64e284/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5130577d-5885-4f9b-b15a-294bc322f63e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8804e5a2-b05d-40db-b1cb-a05d39e36c85/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_C001075","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Cassidy's campaign paid $163,145 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: CASSIDY LEADERSHIP FUND ($75,000)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 10 payments totaling $163,145 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CASSIDY LEADERSHIP FUND ($75,000 across 5 payments, services: FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION · POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":163145.09,"paymentCount":10,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CASSIDY LEADERSHIP FUND","total":75000,"count":5,"descriptions":["FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"CASSIDY, LAURA","total":25000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"CASSIDY, WILLIAM","total":25000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN PAID"]},{"payee":"KOFOED, CASSIDY","total":14127.68,"count":1,"descriptions":["MAGA POLICIES, INC. COST SHARE AGREEMENT: SALARY [SB21B.4374]"]},{"payee":"ED CASSIDY","total":12332.12,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"cassidy"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4LA00107&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_C001075","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($7.1M total receipts) — top: CASSIDY LEADERSHIP FUND","explanation":"Bill Cassidy appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $7.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CASSIDY LEADERSHIP FUND (C00771543, $7.1M receipts, treasurer WILLIAMSON, LES). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":7.09,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00771543","name":"CASSIDY LEADERSHIP FUND","receipts":7091639.640000001,"treasurer":"WILLIAMSON, LES","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00771543/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00771543/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00771543/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_C001075","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Cassidy ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $80M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's FEC-bulk record shows $80.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":80.26,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4LA00107"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4LA00107/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_C001075","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Cassidy triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 35 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bill Cassidy accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 35 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":35}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_C001075","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy triggers 36 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Bill Cassidy accumulates findings across 36 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 36 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":36,"sampleDetectors":["P4","P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P14","P15","P17","P18","P19","P32","P36","P38","P42","P43","P45","P49","P53","P54","P58","P62","P63","P64","P65","P67","P69","P71","P74","P78"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_C001075","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy operates leadership PAC with $6.2M lifetime receipts (6 cycles) — top: CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC","explanation":"Bill Cassidy operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $6.2M and disbursements of $5.6M across 6 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC (C00480228). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":6.21,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.57,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00480228","cmteName":"CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00480228/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_C001075","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy's leadership PAC disbursed $5.6M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's leadership PAC disbursed $5.6M across 6 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC (C00480228).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.57,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00480228","cmteName":"CONTINUING AMERICA'S STRENGTH AND SECURITY PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00480228/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_C001075","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 687 sponsored, 2,480 cosponsored","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's congress.gov record shows 687 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":687,"cosponsoredCount":2480,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-cassidy/C001075","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_C001075_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 19 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 19 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":19,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e010e69c-156c-41bd-b966-08248add369d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e010e69c-156c-41bd-b966-08248add369d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_C001075","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Cassidy's PFD net worth declined 103% year-over-year — 2019 $1.53M → 2020 $-0.04M","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $1.53M in 2019 to $-0.04M in 2020 — a 103% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2019","priorNetWorthM":1.53,"latestYear":"2020","latestNetWorthM":-0.04,"declinePct":102.95,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9750c44f-dfd0-4cf9-b286-3325c1d6b92f/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c51e2051-6c78-45af-aab2-074a4fdbae07/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9750c44f-dfd0-4cf9-b286-3325c1d6b92f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_C001075_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Louisiana State University and (Wages)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Wages from Louisiana State University and ($29,998.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Wages","payer":"Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Baton Rouge, Louiaiana","amount":"$29,998.00"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e010e69c-156c-41bd-b966-08248add369d/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2483597-0ef3-484d-b431-0aef41d5593f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e010e69c-156c-41bd-b966-08248add369d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2483597-0ef3-484d-b431-0aef41d5593f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_LA_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"LA delegation: Bill Cassidy & John Neely Kennedy both flagged on 21 shared detector types (9 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from LA — Bill Cassidy and John Neely Kennedy — are flagged on the same 21 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 9 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P14, P15, P19, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"LA","juniorSenatorBid":"K000393","juniorSenatorName":"John Neely Kennedy","sharedDetectorCount":21,"sharedHighCount":9,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P36","P53","P54","P58","P62","P63","P64","P71","P74"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001075","https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000393"]},{"id":"P178_C001075_2016-03-31","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Cassidy — 31 trades on 2016-03-31","explanation":"Bill Cassidy disclosed 31 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-03-31). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-03-31","count":31}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001075","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Cassidy — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (170/170)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":170,"atBracket":170,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001075","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy — 57 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Bill Cassidy has traded 57 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":57,"sample":["AMGN","MSFT","LOW","WMT","DIS","BLK","AAPL","PLD","PG","IBM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001075_AAPL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Cassidy — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker AAPL","explanation":"Bill Cassidy traded AAPL on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AAPL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AAPL","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_C001075_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+17 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Bill Cassidy accumulated 42 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 17 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 17 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":17,"totalRaw":42,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":17}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001075"]}],"S001199":[{"id":"P4_S001199_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare trades filed 101d late on avg — overall avg only 73d","explanation":"In Healthcare (where this member receives PAC funding), average disclosure gap is 100.5 days — versus 72.9 days overall. Selective delay in a PAC-funded sector.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":4,"avgGap":101},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":17,"avgGap":73},{"source":"pac","sector":"Healthcare","pacFunded":true}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001199_yn77dt","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$19,789 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $19,789 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":19788.550000000003,"oppose":0,"net":19788.550000000003,"events":13,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":16357.919999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":3430.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001199_n99gjv","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $2,358,931 in itemized individual contributions, $1,517,904 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2358931,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-57555,"$200.01-$499":93768,"$500-$999":230763,"$1000-$1999":574051,"$2000 and over":1517904},"megaShare":64.3,"smallDonorShare":-2.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001199_u3df6p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$165,950 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 18.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $165,950 across 60 contributions — 18.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,057.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00599464","date":"2021-03-31","amount":165950,"count":60,"baseline":9057,"ratio":18.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00599464/"]},{"id":"P15_S001199_cituk5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,550 donation spike on 2019-09-18 — 18.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-18 this committee recorded $92,550 across 50 contributions — 18.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,014.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00599464","date":"2019-09-18","amount":92550,"count":50,"baseline":5014,"ratio":18.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00599464/"]},{"id":"P15_S001199_t5dt3a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,450 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $89,450 across 37 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,438.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00599464","date":"2017-03-31","amount":89450,"count":37,"baseline":6438,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00599464/"]},{"id":"P18_S001199_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lloyd Smucker executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-10-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-07-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; Quota Transfer From NJ to RI","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-09-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Commercial Aggregated Large Coastal Shark and Hammerhead Shark Management Group in th","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-06-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001199_wrp4u4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lloyd Smucker campaign paid $598,100 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: SMUCKER, LLOYD K.","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker's campaign paid 20 disbursements totaling $598,100 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMUCKER, LLOYD K.","total":588000,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"SMUCKER, LLOYD K.","amount":100791.22,"date":"2016-05-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"smucker","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SMUCKER, LLOYD K.","amount":75791.22,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"PERSONAL LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"smucker","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SMUCKER, LLOYD K.","amount":53000,"date":"2017-10-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"smucker","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMUCKER, TIM","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SMUCKER, TIM","amount":10000,"date":"2019-05-09","description":"RETURNED CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"smucker","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LANGMUIR, DONALD","total":100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LANGMUIR, DONALD","amount":100,"date":"2024-02-12","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"langmuir","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SMUCKER"]},{"id":"P25_S001199_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56% of PAC dollars ($490,981) come from Party industry","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":490981.02999999997,"share":55.7,"totalPAC":881887.72,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":490981.02999999997,"share":55.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":171956.69,"share":19.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":60950,"share":6.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":25000,"share":2.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S001199","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"64% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 9.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 22 disclosed trades, 14 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 9.9× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":14,"total":22,"rate":63.6},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":9.88}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_S001199_ufw81u","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Common Defense / Beyond The Choir Action Fund both supported ($1,103) and opposed ($17,431) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Lloyd Smucker advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00620021","name":"Common Defense / Beyond The Choir Action Fund","support":1102.6,"oppose":17430.93,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620021/"]},{"id":"P36_S001199","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_S001199_UNH_20200102","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker sell $UNH 1 day before a corporate insider (HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-000905"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001199_AAPL_20201009","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker sell $AAPL 4 days before a corporate insider (Maestri Luca  (CIK 0001513362)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Maestri Luca  (CIK 0001513362)","filingDate":"2020-10-13","adsh":"0000320193-20-000086"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_S001199_2020-01-27_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNH 25 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker delivered a 230-word floor speech on 2020-01-27 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, last Friday marked the 47th Annual March for Life, and for the first time in his- tory, the march was attended by a sit- ting President. Since 2017, the Trump administration has establish…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 25 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":230,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, last Friday marked the 47th Annual March for Life, and for the first time in his- tory, the march was attended by a sit- ting President. Since 2017, the Trump administration has establish","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/27/CREC-2020-01-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/27/CREC-2020-01-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_S001199","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $291,906.69","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker received campaign contributions totaling $291,906.69 from 33 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 33 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: RAYMOND JAMES INSURANCE GROUP INC ($56,956.69); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($25,950); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); CONSTELLATION ENERGY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":33,"totalDollars":291906.69,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL SERVICES","ldaClient":"RAYMOND JAMES INSURANCE GROUP INC","donorTotal":56956.689999999995,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":25950,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCHPAC - KOCH INDUSTRIES INC. PAC","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION ENERGY CORPORATION EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION C","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001199","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $165,950 on 2021-03-31 (18.3× normal)","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $165,950 on 2021-03-31 — 18.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":347950,"maxRatio":18.5,"maxAmount":165950},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-31","amount":165950,"ratio":18.3,"baselineDaily":9057,"count":60,"cmteId":"C00599464","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00599464&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-18","amount":92550,"ratio":18.5,"baselineDaily":5014,"count":50,"cmteId":"C00599464","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00599464&min_date=2019-09-18&max_date=2019-09-18"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-03-31","amount":89450,"ratio":13.9,"baselineDaily":6438,"count":37,"cmteId":"C00599464","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00599464&min_date=2017-03-31&max_date=2017-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00599464/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00599464&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"]},{"id":"P78_S001199","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 17 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 17 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (3); insider front ran trade (2); selective filing delay (1); comm costs advocacy (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":17,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P4_SELECTIVE_FILING_DELAY","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001199","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_S001199","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lloyd Smucker named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Lloyd Smucker","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-27/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Lloyd Smucker","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-lloyd/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-27/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-lloyd/"]},{"id":"P90_S001199","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lloyd Smucker's campaign paid $10,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: SMUCKER, TIM ($10,000)","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $10,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SMUCKER, TIM ($10,000 across 1 payments, services: RETURNED CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":10000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SMUCKER, TIM","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RETURNED CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"smucker"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6PA16320&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_S001199","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lloyd Smucker named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.5M total receipts) — top: SMUCKER VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: SMUCKER VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00658484, $3.5M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.46,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00658484","name":"SMUCKER VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":3462395.5200000005,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658484/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658484/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00658484/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_S001199","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lloyd Smucker draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.4M PAC / $19.2M total)","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.4M of $19.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.23,"pacSharePct":49,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6PA16320"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA16320/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P191_S001199_AAPL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lloyd Smucker — 12 disclosed trades in single ticker AAPL","explanation":"Lloyd Smucker traded AAPL on 12 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AAPL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AAPL","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001169":[{"id":"P6_M001169_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,738,298 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Democratic Congressional Campaign Commit","explanation":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spent $3,738,298 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 32 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":3738297.98,"oppose":0,"events":32}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_M001169_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$993,141 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $993,141 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":993140.5600000003,"oppose":21129.68,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_M001169_ugekqm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$983,294 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Immigrant Voters Win PAC","explanation":"Immigrant Voters Win PAC spent $983,294 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 29 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00612820","name":"Immigrant Voters Win PAC","support":983294.3100000003,"oppose":0,"events":29}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612820/"]},{"id":"P6_M001169_ufw19a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$855,215 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from For Our Future","explanation":"For Our Future spent $855,215 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 44 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00620971","name":"For Our Future","support":855214.6599999999,"oppose":0,"events":44}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620971/"]},{"id":"P6_M001169_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$809,606 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $809,606 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":809606,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_M001169_uu2eil","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$471,332 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Floridians for a Strong Middle Class","explanation":"Floridians for a Strong Middle Class spent $471,332 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00577049","name":"Floridians for a Strong Middle Class","support":471332.44000000006,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00577049/"]},{"id":"P6_M001169_vdfi6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$313,884 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FOR US POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE","explanation":"WORKING FOR US POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE INC spent $313,884 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00430876","name":"WORKING FOR US POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE INC","support":313883.75,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00430876/"]},{"id":"P6_M001169_uulh5s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$305,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","explanation":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE spent $305,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00568444","name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","support":305000,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568444/"]},{"id":"P7_M001169_3t394g","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $32,634,904 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $32,634,904 opposing this member across 4626 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":32634904.299999993,"totalSupport":11250967.48999932,"events":4626,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":13447453.740000002},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","oppose":6672112.730000004},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":3815145.31},{"name":"Florida First Project","oppose":2799889.17},{"name":"TREASURE COAST JOBS COALITION","oppose":2063961.0899999996}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_M001169_7srnip","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,443,872 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 13 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,443,872 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1443871.67,"events":13,"byYear":{"2010":1293251.67,"2012":25620,"2018":125000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":1001900,"events":4},{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":170000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":125000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001713","name":"CSS ACTION FUND INC.","total":114650,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30002158","name":"NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION INC.","total":25620,"events":3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001169_yqkzu9","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$876,992 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $876,992 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":876991.71,"oppose":0,"net":876991.71,"events":287,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":146525.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004650","name":"OPEIU","support":139647.43,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":123136.98,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":114286.71999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":86821.5,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001169_p0ia57","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,482,178 / spent $3,189,335","explanation":"This member sponsors 16 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00459925","cmteName":"CHARTER OAK PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":30800,"totalDisbursements":26796.9,"cashOnHand":4003.09},{"cmteId":"C00459925","cmteName":"CHARTER OAK PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":39000,"totalDisbursements":32473.6,"cashOnHand":10529.51},{"cmteId":"C00459925","cmteName":"CHARTER OAK PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":363558.2,"totalDisbursements":345191.3,"cashOnHand":28896.46},{"cmteId":"C00459925","cmteName":"CHARTER OAK PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":430074.6,"totalDisbursements":423464.1,"cashOnHand":35506.98},{"cmteId":"C00459925","cmteName":"CHARTER OAK PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":512972,"totalDisbursements":485112,"cashOnHand":63366.94}],"totalRaised":4482178,"totalSpent":3189335}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001169_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84450 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $7,119,704 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 84450× NOT EMPLOYED = $7,119,704; 11805× SELF = $2,343,709; 10160× NONE = $1,618,525. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":84450,"total":7119704,"years":["2011","2012","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":11805,"total":2343709,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":10160,"total":1618525,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001169_ze65ex","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$123,550 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $123,550 across 115 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,344.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492645","date":"2011-06-30","amount":123550,"count":115,"baseline":20344,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492645/"]},{"id":"P15_M001169_mjydkg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,295 donation spike on 2023-12-20 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-20 this committee recorded $91,295 across 195 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,411.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492645","date":"2023-12-20","amount":91295,"count":195,"baseline":14411,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492645/"]},{"id":"P15_M001169_xt6pug","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,021 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $80,021 across 740 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,704.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492645","date":"2024-09-30","amount":80021,"count":740,"baseline":12704,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492645/"]},{"id":"P15_M001169_gvgjmb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,000 donation spike on 2025-02-28 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-28 this committee recorded $80,000 across 19 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,982.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459925","date":"2025-02-28","amount":80000,"count":19,"baseline":6982,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459925/"]},{"id":"P19_M001169_nk02sz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Murphy campaign paid $37,957,078 to 40 surname-matched vendors, top: MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's campaign paid 231 disbursements totaling $37,957,078 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","total":9794445.379999999,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","amount":932161.85,"date":"2010-08-09","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","amount":600000,"date":"2008-11-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA, LLC","amount":573198.65,"date":"2010-08-02","description":"MEDIA EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS, LLC","total":5810187.71,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":1500000,"date":"2006-08-30","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":1000000,"date":"2006-09-15","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS, LLC","amount":517750,"date":"2006-10-25","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA LLC","total":5686927.819999999,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA LLC","amount":601126.55,"date":"2010-09-10","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA LLC","amount":495333.33,"date":"2010-05-11","description":"BROADCAST TELEVISION","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA LLC","amount":468527.39,"date":"2010-10-06","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","total":4728053.3,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","amount":1310960,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","amount":960000,"date":"2006-10-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","amount":900000,"date":"2006-10-02","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","total":4367929.15,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","amount":747000,"date":"2008-10-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","amount":514984,"date":"2008-10-31","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","amount":310051,"date":"2008-09-08","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","total":1621580,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","amount":333172.5,"date":"2004-09-10","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","amount":250000,"date":"2006-09-05","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","amount":226717.5,"date":"2004-09-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"murphy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MURPHY%20PUTNAM%20MEDIA"]},{"id":"P29_M001169_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CT D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MURPHY, Christopher voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2025-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_M001169_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"House Majority PAC both supported ($993,141) and opposed ($21,130) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Christopher Murphy advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":993140.5600000003,"oppose":21129.68,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P35_M001169_uwvt1a","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"United We Can both supported ($204,483) and opposed ($4,392) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Christopher Murphy advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00523621","name":"United We Can","support":204482.75999999998,"oppose":4392.38,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523621/"]},{"id":"P36_M001169","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Christopher Murphy has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_M001169","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1444K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 69% from AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","explanation":"Christopher Murphy was the target of $1,443,871.67 in electioneering communications across 13 events from 6 different committees. The dominant spender was AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK ($1,001,900 = 69% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1443871.67,"events":13,"pacCount":6,"byYear":{"2010":1293251.67,"2012":25620,"2018":125000}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001648","name":"AMERICAN ACTION NETWORK","total":1001900,"events":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":170000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002851","name":"AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION","total":125000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002851/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001713","name":"CSS ACTION FUND INC.","total":114650,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001713/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002158","name":"NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION INC.","total":25620,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002158/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001648/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_M001169","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$877K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 17% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Christopher Murphy received $876,991.71 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($146,525.29 = 17%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":876991.71,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":253945.73,"2012":340393.2000000002,"2014":77179.13,"2016":198057.90000000002,"2018":13027.5,"2020":506.25},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":146525.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004650","name":"OPEIU","support":139647.43,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004650/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":123136.98,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":114286.71999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":86821.5,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_M001169","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (10 total findings) — ie support concentration (8), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Christopher Murphy triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 10 total findings across them: ie support concentration (8), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":10,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":8},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P69_M001169","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $3.4M in personal liabilities (373% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $3,375,001 in personal liabilities against $904,004.5 in assets — a 373.3% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.4M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":3375001,"totalAssetMid":904004.5,"leverageRatio":373.3,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2020 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 3.25% (30) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Chase Chatsworth, CA · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 3.125% (30) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Wesbanco Wheeling, WV · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_M001169","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Other (advisory board member) at Susan B Anthony Project Torrington, CT","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (advisory board member) at Susan B Anthony Project Torrington, CT (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Feb 2007 to present","role":"Other (advisory board member)","entity":"Susan B Anthony Project Torrington, CT","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001169","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 27 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Christopher Murphy appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 27 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (8); daily donation spike (4); both sides ie (2); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":27,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":8},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001169","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_M001169_2022","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Murphy filed 2 amendments to the 2022 Senate annual disclosure — 8 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Christopher Murphy's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2022 report alone, with 8 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2022,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":8,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4adca671-33f6-4f4d-9a52-60623e833fd9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1fd75635-ec42-46b1-b8ed-2ac7c38614e3/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4adca671-33f6-4f4d-9a52-60623e833fd9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1fd75635-ec42-46b1-b8ed-2ac7c38614e3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_M001169","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Murphy's campaign paid $12,048,901 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS ($4,728,053)","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 32 payments totaling $12,048,901 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS ($4,728,053 across 7 payments, services: ADVERTISING · MEDIA BUY). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":12048901.45,"paymentCount":32,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR & PARTNERS","total":4728053.3,"count":7,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM MEDIA","total":4367929.15,"count":15,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","MEDIA EXPENSE","TELEVISION ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"MURPHY PUTNAM SHORR","total":1621580,"count":7,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA PURCHASING","TV-CABLE BUY"]},{"payee":"MURPHY PINTAK GAUTIER HUDOME AGENCY","total":1065117,"count":2,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING & MARKETING"]},{"payee":"MURPHY, PUTNAM, SHORR & PARTNERS","total":266222,"count":1,"descriptions":["BROADCAST ADVERTISING"]}],"surname":"murphy"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2CT00132&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_M001169_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 PFD: 7 holdings owned by Dependent Child (3 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 7 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 3 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: CHET 529 Plan Institution: CHET · CT Portfolio 2027 (Fidelity Blend) · CT US Sustainability Index · CHET 529 Plan Institution: CHET · CT Portfolio 2030 (Fidelity Blend).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":7,"highValueCount":3,"holdings":[{"asset":"CHET 529 Plan Institution: CHET","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"CT Portfolio 2027 (Fidelity Blend)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"CT US Sustainability Index","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"CHET 529 Plan Institution: CHET","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"CT Portfolio 2030 (Fidelity Blend)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Principal Plus Interest","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"CT Stable Value Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Stable Value Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_M001169","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Murphy filed 19 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 152 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Christopher Murphy has filed 19 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 152 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2022 (152d late, filed 10/14/2022) · 2022 (152d late, filed 10/14/2022) · 2013 (133d late, filed 09/25/2013) · 2019 (125d late, filed 09/17/2019).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":19,"maxDaysLate":152,"samples":[{"year":2022,"filingDate":"10/14/2022","daysLate":152,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4adca671-33f6-4f4d-9a52-60623e833fd9/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"10/14/2022","daysLate":152,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1fd75635-ec42-46b1-b8ed-2ac7c38614e3/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2013,"filingDate":"09/25/2013","daysLate":133,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/08FA4327-312A-4805-879A-CAC51D8B8761/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2019,"filingDate":"09/17/2019","daysLate":125,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9d42758b-36d1-4683-8025-c676e2b6b5f5/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4adca671-33f6-4f4d-9a52-60623e833fd9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1fd75635-ec42-46b1-b8ed-2ac7c38614e3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/08FA4327-312A-4805-879A-CAC51D8B8761/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_M001169_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Murphy holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Other (advisory board member) · Susan B Anthony Project","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Other (advisory board member) · Susan B Anthony Project.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Other (advisory board member)","entity":"Susan B Anthony Project Torrington, CT","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Feb 2007 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P105_M001169","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Murphy named on 2 SEC Schedule 13D/G filings — companies: Thoughtworks Holding, Inc. (TWKS)","explanation":"Christopher Murphy appears as a named filer on 2 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filings (most recent: 2024-11-15, form SC 13D/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: Thoughtworks Holding, Inc. (TWKS).","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":2,"latest":{"fileDate":"2024-11-15","form":"SC 13D/A","displayNames":["Thoughtworks Holding, Inc.  (TWKS)  (CIK 0001866550)","Murphy Christopher Gerard  (CIK 0001882279)"]},"companies":["Thoughtworks Holding, Inc. (TWKS)"],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001866550&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1866550/000121390024099116/0001213900-24-099116-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1866550/000121390024099116/0001213900-24-099116-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001866550&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P137_M001169","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Murphy ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $107M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's FEC-bulk record shows $107.1M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":107.08,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2CT00132"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2CT00132/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001169","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Murphy's PAC funding concentrates 69% in Finance ($0.41M / $0.59M classified)","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's PAC donors concentrate 69% in the Finance industry — $0.41M of $0.59M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.41M · Technology $0.18M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.41,"totalPacAmountM":0.59,"concentrationPct":68.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.41,"Technology":0.18}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2CT00132/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_M001169","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Murphy triggers 17 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Christopher Murphy accumulates 17 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":17,"distinctDetectorTypes":25}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_M001169","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Murphy operates 4 distinct leadership PACs ($4.5M combined receipts)","explanation":"Christopher Murphy operates 4 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $4.5M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: AMERICAN MOBILIZATION PAC (C00459925) · DANG PAC FUTURE FUND (C00749796) · VICTORY EAST (C00724229) · ALABAMA FOREVER (C00923268).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.48,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00459925","cmteName":"AMERICAN MOBILIZATION PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00749796","cmteName":"DANG PAC FUTURE FUND"},{"cmteId":"C00724229","cmteName":"VICTORY EAST"},{"cmteId":"C00923268","cmteName":"ALABAMA FOREVER"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459925/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00749796/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00724229/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00923268/"]},{"id":"P157_M001169","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Murphy ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 600 sponsored, 3,415 cosponsored","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's congress.gov record shows 600 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":600,"cosponsoredCount":3415,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/christopher-murphy/M001169","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_M001169_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 11 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 11 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":11,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P168_M001169_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 PFD: liabilities $3.38M = 373% of assets $0.90M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $3.38M against total assets of $0.90M — a leverage ratio of 373%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":904004.5,"totalLiabMid":3375001,"leverageRatio":3.733,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_CT_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CT delegation: Christopher Murphy & Richard Blumenthal both flagged on 14 shared detector types (9 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from CT — Christopher Murphy and Richard Blumenthal — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 9 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P7, P8, P9, P10, P14, P15, P19, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"CT","otherSenatorBid":"B001277","otherSenatorName":"Richard Blumenthal","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":9,"sharedDetectors":["P7","P8","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P36","P57","P58","P82","P90","P93","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001169","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001277"]},{"id":"P175_M001169_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 PFD reports $3.38M in total liabilities (3 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Christopher Murphy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $3.38M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 3 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 373% of total assets ($0.90M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":3.38,"totalAssetMidM":0.9,"liabCount":3,"leverageRatio":3.733,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd72c4bb-3ebc-41c1-9d03-7fc2818f4342/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P199_M001169","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Murphy — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($53.5M)","explanation":"Christopher Murphy is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $53.5M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":53540825,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2CT00132/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001153":[{"id":"P6_M001153_tuxyib","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,262,019 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Alaskans for L.I.S.A. (Leadership in a S","explanation":"Alaskans for L.I.S.A. (Leadership in a Strong Alaska) spent $4,262,019 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00793869","name":"Alaskans for L.I.S.A. (Leadership in a Strong Alaska)","support":4262018.5,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793869/"]},{"id":"P6_M001153_vaiw0y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,260,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ALASKANS STANDING TOGETHER","explanation":"ALASKANS STANDING TOGETHER spent $1,260,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489385","name":"ALASKANS STANDING TOGETHER","support":1260000,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489385/"]},{"id":"P6_M001153_uguimb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,000,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","explanation":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC. spent $1,000,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00608943","name":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","support":1000000,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608943/"]},{"id":"P6_M001153_tisqel","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$334,033 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Alaskans for Bristol Bay Action","explanation":"Alaskans for Bristol Bay Action spent $334,033 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 82 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00806075","name":"Alaskans for Bristol Bay Action","support":334032.58999999997,"oppose":0,"events":82}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00806075/"]},{"id":"P6_M001153_thodts","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PA LAWYER FUND","explanation":"PA LAWYER FUND spent $250,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00827659","name":"PA LAWYER FUND","support":250000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00827659/"]},{"id":"P7_M001153_by0fjs","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,254,257 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,254,257 opposing this member across 279 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1254256.7500000002,"totalSupport":7538634.879999999,"events":279,"topAttackers":[{"name":"ALASKA FIRST","oppose":797914.48},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":163550},{"name":"AMERICAN LIBERTY FUND","oppose":150600},{"name":"Gun Rights America","oppose":112031.2},{"name":"Keeping America Great PAC","oppose":14986.59}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001153_mioce1","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$28,857 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $28,857 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION).","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":28864.54,"oppose":7.21,"net":28857.33,"events":32,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":12190.150000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70005384","name":"SEALASKA CORPORATION","support":6122,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005319","name":"SHEE ATIKA INCORPORATED","support":4189.56,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":2825,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":2005.21,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001153_3nyi78","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,947,671 / spent $4,217,024","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00438291","cmteName":"DENALI LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":237525.1,"totalDisbursements":144261.5,"cashOnHand":115468.87},{"cmteId":"C00438291","cmteName":"DENALI LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":374432.8,"totalDisbursements":357402.6,"cashOnHand":132499.06},{"cmteId":"C00438291","cmteName":"DENALI LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":387914.2,"totalDisbursements":474524.5,"cashOnHand":45888.81},{"cmteId":"C00438291","cmteName":"DENALI LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":492350.8,"totalDisbursements":391455.4,"cashOnHand":146784.23},{"cmteId":"C00438291","cmteName":"DENALI LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":591582.8,"totalDisbursements":409824.2,"cashOnHand":328542.78}],"totalRaised":4947671.1,"totalSpent":4217023.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001153_jx75wh","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"76% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $553,455 in itemized individual contributions, $420,000 (76%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":553455,"buckets":{"$200 and under":200,"$200.01-$499":22400,"$500-$999":34630,"$1000-$1999":76225,"$2000 and over":420000},"megaShare":75.9,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001153_v954ys","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lisa Murkowski campaign paid $231,632 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: MURKOWSKI 98","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's campaign paid 13 disbursements totaling $231,632 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURKOWSKI 98","total":98763,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MURKOWSKI 98","amount":40554,"date":"1997-06-25","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998},{"payee":"MURKOWSKI 98","amount":34409,"date":"1998-06-25","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998},{"payee":"MURKOWSKI 98","amount":17731,"date":"1997-12-05","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURKOWSKI 92","total":97369,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MURKOWSKI 92","amount":31411,"date":"1991-06-27","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1992},{"payee":"MURKOWSKI 92","amount":18716,"date":"1992-06-23","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1992},{"payee":"MURKOWSKI 92","amount":17500,"date":"1991-03-20","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1992}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURKOWSKI FOR U S SENATE (1980)","total":24500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MURKOWSKI FOR U S SENATE (1980)","amount":15000,"date":"1980-09-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1980},{"payee":"MURKOWSKI FOR U S SENATE (1980)","amount":9500,"date":"1980-10-09","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1980}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"UNIVERSITY OF AK MURKOWSKI ARCHIVES","total":11000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"UNIVERSITY OF AK MURKOWSKI ARCHIVES","amount":11000,"date":"2009-12-17","description":"CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"murkowski","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MURKOWSKI%2098"]},{"id":"P36_M001153","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Shoalwater_Bay_Indian_Tribe_119061","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session…\". The witness Quintin Swanson (Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119061","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)","date":"2026-03-18T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Quintin Swanson","witnessOrg":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Muckleshoot_Indian_Tribe_119061","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Muckleshoot Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session…\". The witness Louie Ungaro (Muckleshoot Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119061","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)","date":"2026-03-18T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Louie Ungaro","witnessOrg":"Muckleshoot Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Snoqualmie_Indian_Tribe_119061","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Snoqualmie Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session…\". The witness Robert de los Angeles (Snoqualmie Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119061","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)","date":"2026-03-18T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Robert de los Angeles","witnessOrg":"Snoqualmie Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Cowlitz_Indian_Tribe_119061","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cowlitz Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,000 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session…\". The witness William (Bill) Iyall (Cowlitz Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119061","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)","date":"2026-03-18T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"William (Bill) Iyall","witnessOrg":"Cowlitz Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061"},{"source":"donor","name":"INDIAN TRIBE, COWLITZ","total":3000,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INDIAN%20TRIBE%2C%20COWLITZ"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INDIAN%20TRIBE%2C%20COWLITZ"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Ute_Indian_Tribe_of_the_Uintah_119060","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Morning Session)\". The witness Mike Natchees (Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119060","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-18T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mike Natchees","witnessOrg":"Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119060"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119060","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Paiute_Indian_Tribe_of_Utah_119060","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Morning Session)\". The witness Laurel Yellowhorse (Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119060","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-18T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Laurel Yellowhorse","witnessOrg":"Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119060"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119060","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Skokomish_Indian_Tribe_117917","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Skokomish Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Tom Strong (Skokomish Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117917","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Tom Strong","witnessOrg":"Skokomish Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Cowlitz_Indian_Tribe_117917","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cowlitz Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,000 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness William \"Bill\" Iyall (Cowlitz Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117917","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"William \"Bill\" Iyall","witnessOrg":"Cowlitz Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917"},{"source":"donor","name":"INDIAN TRIBE, COWLITZ","total":3000,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INDIAN%20TRIBE%2C%20COWLITZ"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INDIAN%20TRIBE%2C%20COWLITZ"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Shoalwater_Bay_Indian_Tribe_117917","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Quintin Swanson (Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117917","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Quintin Swanson","witnessOrg":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Tule_River_Indian_Tribe_of_Cal_117914","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tule River Indian Tribe of California testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Lester \"Shine\" Nieto (Tule River Indian Tribe of California) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117914","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Lester \"Shine\" Nieto","witnessOrg":"Tule River Indian Tribe of California","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Ute_Indian_Tribe_117214","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ute Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Mike Natchees (Ute Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117214","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mike Natchees","witnessOrg":"Ute Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Morongo_Band_of_Mission_Indian_117214","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Charles Martin (Morongo Band of Mission Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117214","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Charles Martin","witnessOrg":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214"},{"source":"donor","name":"SAN MANUEL, BAND OF MISSION INDI","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAN%20MANUEL%2C%20BAND%20OF%20MISSION%20INDI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117214","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAN%20MANUEL%2C%20BAND%20OF%20MISSION%20INDI"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Morongo_Band_of_Mission_Indian_115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Charles Martin (Morongo Band of Mission Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Charles Martin","witnessOrg":"Morongo Band of Mission Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"SAN MANUEL, BAND OF MISSION INDI","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAN%20MANUEL%2C%20BAND%20OF%20MISSION%20INDI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SAN%20MANUEL%2C%20BAND%20OF%20MISSION%20INDI"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Cowlitz_Indian_Tribe_115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cowlitz Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,000 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Greg Hitchcock (Cowlitz Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Greg Hitchcock","witnessOrg":"Cowlitz Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"INDIAN TRIBE, COWLITZ","total":3000,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INDIAN%20TRIBE%2C%20COWLITZ"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INDIAN%20TRIBE%2C%20COWLITZ"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Shoalwater_Bay_Indian_Tribe_115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Charlene Nelson (Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Charlene Nelson","witnessOrg":"Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Makah_Indian_Tribe_115413","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Makah Indian Tribe testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Nate Tyler (Makah Indian Tribe) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115413","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Nate Tyler","witnessOrg":"Makah Indian Tribe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115413"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115413","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P47_M001153_Ute_Indian_Tribe_of_the_Uintah_115413","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Julius Murray (Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115413","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Julius Murray","witnessOrg":"Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115413"},{"source":"donor","name":"MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"WA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115413","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MUCKLESHOOT%20INDIAN%20TRIBE"]},{"id":"P61_M001153","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $35,000","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski received campaign contributions totaling $35,000 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: VAIL RESORTS, INC. ($7,500); AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION PRACTICE ORGANI ($7,500); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($5,000); COMMUNITY IMPACT ADVISORS OBO KUAKINI HEALTH SYSTE ($5,000); HARBINGER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF HESS CORPOR ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":35000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"VAIL RESORTS EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VAIL RESORTS, INC.","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PSYCHOLOGY PAC OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION PRACTICE ORGANIZATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION PRACTICE ORGANIZATION","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ACEC PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHS/COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS INC CHS PAC","ldaClient":"COMMUNITY IMPACT ADVISORS OBO KUAKINI HEALTH SYSTEMS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HESS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (HESS PAC)","ldaClient":"HARBINGER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF HESS CORPORATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P68_M001153","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 2 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$1.5M","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 2 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $1,500,001. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Rental income from basement apartment De (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Basement apartment Description: Basement (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":2,"totalEstMidpoint":1500001,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Rental income from basement apartment Description: Basement apartment in DC residence (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"},{"name":"Basement apartment Description: Basement apartment in personal residence (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f529316-1356-46f4-9616-d6b97b22842d/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P74_M001153_2020","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 17 new ticker holdings in 2020 not present in prior PFD filings — including SPIAX, AMOAX, BBRE, BND, BNDX, IEFA","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 17 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: SPIAX, AMOAX, BBRE, BND, BNDX, IEFA, IEMG, IJH, IJR, IQDF, PDBC, QDF.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2020,"count":17,"newTickers":["SPIAX","AMOAX","BBRE","BND","BNDX","IEFA","IEMG","IJH","IJR","IQDF","PDBC","QDF"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb91c8bf-ffed-43cc-88db-bec3b7ed5dac/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb91c8bf-ffed-43cc-88db-bec3b7ed5dac/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001153","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (17); ie support concentration (5); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":17},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001153","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_M001153_2020","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 5 ticker holdings between 2019 and 2020 — including SCHB, SCHF, SCHE, SCHZ, SCHH","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 ticker holdings present in the 2019 filing but absent in 2020. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: SCHB, SCHF, SCHE, SCHZ, SCHH.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2019,2020],"count":5,"divestedTickers":["SCHB","SCHF","SCHE","SCHZ","SCHH"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb91c8bf-ffed-43cc-88db-bec3b7ed5dac/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb91c8bf-ffed-43cc-88db-bec3b7ed5dac/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P80_M001153","pattern_type":"P80_TRIPLE_SECTOR_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triple-overlap conflict in 1 sector: Finance — appears in PFD holdings, donor industries, AND committee jurisdiction","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski has triple-axis conflict-of-interest exposure in 1 sector — Finance. For each of these sectors, the senator simultaneously: (1) holds publicly-traded stock per their Senate annual financial disclosure, (2) receives campaign contributions from PACs/donors in that industry, AND (3) serves on a Senate committee with jurisdiction over the industry's federal regulation. Three-way alignment is the cleanest position-conflict signal — each axis alone could be coincidental, but the combination establishes a settled pattern. The PELOSI Act recusal language would specifically require recusal from votes affecting these sectors. Sectors flagged: Finance.","evidence":[{"source":"triple_overlap","sectors":["Finance"],"allPfdSectors":["Finance"],"allDonorSectors":["Finance","Telecom","Energy","Healthcare"],"allCommitteeSectors":["Finance","Real Estate","Healthcare","Pharma","Energy","Utilities"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P81_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — First Bank Company: First Bank (Ketchikan, AK) Description: Bank","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: First Bank Company: First Bank (Ketchikan, AK) Description: .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"First Bank Company: First Bank (Ketchikan, AK) Description: Bank","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski filed 2 amendments to the 2025 Senate annual disclosure — 7 total amendments across 3 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Lisa Murkowski's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2025 report alone, with 7 amendments across 3 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2025,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":7,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":3,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 3)","Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c50e8cdb-0508-4de8-a220-f9938aa23d42/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c50e8cdb-0508-4de8-a220-f9938aa23d42/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski discloses 3 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Rental income from basement apartment Description: Basement  · BBRE - JPM Betabuilders MSCI U.S. REIT ETF · SCHH - Schwab U.S. REIT ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":3,"properties":[{"name":"Rental income from basement apartment Description: Basement apartment in DC residence (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"BBRE - JPM Betabuilders MSCI U.S. REIT ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"SCHH - Schwab U.S. REIT ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 PFD: 31 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (50% of 62 reported assets)","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 31 reported holdings owned by Spouse (9), Joint (22), or Dependent (0) — 50% of 62 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: SPIAX - Invesco S&P 500 Index Fund Class A · Spouse: Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend Description : N/A (N/A, N/A) · Joint: FSCDX - Fidelity Advisor Small Cap A · Spouse: Voya Multi Manager International Small Cap A.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":9,"Joint":22,"Dependent":0,"Self":30},"totalAssets":62,"familyShare":0.5,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"SPIAX - Invesco S&P 500 Index Fund Class A","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend Description : N/A (N/A, N/A)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"FSCDX - Fidelity Advisor Small Cap A","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Voya Multi Manager International Small Cap A","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Morgan Stanley (Anchorage, AK) Type: Money Market Account","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_M001153","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lisa Murkowski's campaign paid $53,000 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: MURKOWSKI FOR U S SENATE (1980) ($24,500)","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $53,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MURKOWSKI FOR U S SENATE (1980) ($24,500 across 2 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED). Cycles covered: 1980.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":53000,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MURKOWSKI FOR U S SENATE (1980)","total":24500,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED"]},{"payee":"MURKOWSKI 92","total":17500,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED"]},{"payee":"UNIVERSITY OF AK MURKOWSKI ARCHIVES","total":11000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"murkowski"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4AK00099&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_M001153","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lisa Murkowski filed 4 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 131 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Lisa Murkowski has filed 4 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 131 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2021 (131d late, filed 09/23/2021) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020) · 2021 (89d late, filed 08/12/2021) · 2017 (86d late, filed 08/09/2017).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":4,"maxDaysLate":131,"samples":[{"year":2021,"filingDate":"09/23/2021","daysLate":131,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73f203de-418a-440d-bef1-e30495ef457b/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 2)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb91c8bf-ffed-43cc-88db-bec3b7ed5dac/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"08/12/2021","daysLate":89,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd9980c6-72e4-4fd0-8348-c5496f5a8787/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2017,"filingDate":"08/09/2017","daysLate":86,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/daf21a57-a41d-4a94-87af-fabeaff0cd6c/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73f203de-418a-440d-bef1-e30495ef457b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb91c8bf-ffed-43cc-88db-bec3b7ed5dac/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd9980c6-72e4-4fd0-8348-c5496f5a8787/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Anchorage,","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 3.75% (15 years) from Wells Fargo Anchorage,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.75% (15 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Anchorage, AK","incurred":"2011"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski holds 1 ticker on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — WFC ($3.4M)","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $3.4M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: WFC ($3.4M, 23 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":3.42,"holdings":[{"ticker":"WFC","totalLobby":3419000,"recordCount":23,"topClient":"WELLS FARGO & COMPANY"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P120_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski holds 1 major US bank ticker on 2025 PFD — WFC","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: WFC ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"WFC","asset":"WFC - Wells Fargo & Company (NYSE)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P136_M001153","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lisa Murkowski ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.9M across 17 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's FEC-bulk record shows $21.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 17 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $59.2M (PAC: $21.9M, individual: $33.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":59.24,"lifetimeIndividualM":33.07,"cycleCount":17,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S4AK00099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4AK00099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_M001153","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($21.9M PAC / $59.2M total)","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($21.9M of $59.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":21.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":59.24,"pacSharePct":37,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"S4AK00099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4AK00099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P157_M001153","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lisa Murkowski ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,209 sponsored, 3,582 cosponsored","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's congress.gov record shows 1,209 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1209,"cosponsoredCount":3582,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/lisa-murkowski/M001153","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P160_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 PFD shows 7 broad-market index funds (24% of 29 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 of 29 ticker holdings (24%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: BND, BNDX, IEMG, IJH, IJR, SPY, SCHB.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":7,"totalTickers":29,"ratio":0.24,"broadTickers":["BND","BNDX","IEMG","IJH","IJR","SPY","SCHB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: Alaska Permanent Fund Juneau, (Other (Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend))","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Other (Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend) from Alaska Permanent Fund Juneau, ($1,702.00) · Spouse: Other (Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend) from Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend)","payer":"Alaska Permanent Fund Juneau, AK","amount":"$1,702.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend)","payer":"Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend Juneau, AK","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f529316-1356-46f4-9616-d6b97b22842d/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c50e8cdb-0508-4de8-a220-f9938aa23d42/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f529316-1356-46f4-9616-d6b97b22842d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c50e8cdb-0508-4de8-a220-f9938aa23d42/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_AK_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AK delegation: Lisa Murkowski & Dan Sullivan both flagged on 16 shared detector types (2 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from AK — Lisa Murkowski and Dan Sullivan — are flagged on the same 16 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 2 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P11, P19, P36, P61.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"AK","otherSenatorBid":"S001198","otherSenatorName":"Dan Sullivan","sharedDetectorCount":16,"sharedHighCount":2,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P19","P36","P61","P74","P79","P82","P84","P87","P90","P96","P160"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001153","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001198"]},{"id":"P181_M001153","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski — 99 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski sponsored 99 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":99}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_M001153_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Murkowski — 45 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Lisa Murkowski's 2025 Senate PFD shows 45 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":45,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1be3dae-515a-4c1d-94e6-629c6143b50a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"J000293":[{"id":"P6_J000293_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$9,794,448 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $9,794,448 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 105 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":9794447.98,"oppose":0,"events":105}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_J000293_titzt0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$9,235,574 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WISCONSIN TRUTH PAC","explanation":"WISCONSIN TRUTH PAC spent $9,235,574 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804104","name":"WISCONSIN TRUTH PAC","support":9235574,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804104/"]},{"id":"P6_J000293_ugaqrn","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,597,620 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AlternativePAC","explanation":"AlternativePAC spent $1,597,620 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00618843","name":"AlternativePAC","support":1597619.7200000002,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00618843/"]},{"id":"P6_J000293_tx76zo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,266,605 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC. spent $1,266,605 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00750182","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","support":1266605.22,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750182/"]},{"id":"P6_J000293_uunyu2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$874,750 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","explanation":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc. spent $874,750 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00564765","name":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","support":874750,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00564765/"]},{"id":"P6_J000293_thsane","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$869,522 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NO BETTER FRIEND PAC","explanation":"NO BETTER FRIEND PAC spent $869,522 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 56 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00821280","name":"NO BETTER FRIEND PAC","support":869522.27,"oppose":0,"events":56}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00821280/"]},{"id":"P6_J000293_ue47bx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$656,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Freedom Political Action Committ","explanation":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee spent $656,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00657866","name":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee","support":655999.56,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657866/"]},{"id":"P7_J000293_h4i5xa","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $54,288,261 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $54,288,261 opposing this member across 2059 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":54288260.70000001,"totalSupport":28257129.670000024,"events":2059,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Majority PAC","oppose":28702064.680000003},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":4889686.670000001},{"name":"DSCC","oppose":4104451.68},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":2156425.5900000003},{"name":"MoveOn.Org Political Action","oppose":2145216.1899999995}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_J000293_a7oyzt","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$153,056 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 4 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $153,056 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":153056.16999999998,"events":4,"byYear":{"2010":9544.91,"2012":86011.26,"2022":57500},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001929","name":"ENDING SPENDING INC","total":86011.26,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30001978","name":"PATRIOTIC VETERANS, INC","total":57500,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001838","name":"FAITH & FREEDOM COALITION","total":9544.91,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_J000293_g097a6","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$157,714 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $157,714 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":117271.21999999997,"oppose":274984.99000000005,"net":-157713.77000000008,"events":105,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":3680.33,"oppose":175249.13000000003,"types":["DM","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":0,"oppose":97360.2,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":71355.74,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":21620.589999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":6295.6900000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_J000293_dr503g","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,947,704 / spent $2,841,814","explanation":"This member sponsors 24 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00345702","cmteName":"SECURE AMERICA'S MAJORITY PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":22330.9,"totalDisbursements":20922.3,"cashOnHand":8950.82},{"cmteId":"C00497842","cmteName":"STRATEGY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":138500,"totalDisbursements":112270.7,"cashOnHand":26229.27},{"cmteId":"C00345702","cmteName":"SECURE AMERICA'S MAJORITY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":26479.1,"totalDisbursements":14622.2,"cashOnHand":20808.09},{"cmteId":"C00540989","cmteName":"COMMUNITY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":50,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":50},{"cmteId":"C00497842","cmteName":"STRATEGY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":359505,"totalDisbursements":316633.2,"cashOnHand":69101.12}],"totalRaised":2947703.6,"totalSpent":2841813.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_J000293_ld1uzv","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100% of itemized donations from outside WI","explanation":"Only $0 of $4,865,358 itemized individual contributions came from WI. The rest — $4,865,358 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"WI","homeStateTotal":0,"outOfStateTotal":4865358,"outOfStateShare":100,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":144806},{"stateZip3":"NM871","amount":96965},{"stateZip3":"WA980","amount":67096},{"stateZip3":"TX787","amount":66842},{"stateZip3":"TX770","amount":66328}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000293_p0cu2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Johnson campaign paid $84,324,599 to 50 surname-matched vendors, top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","explanation":"Ron Johnson's campaign paid 226 disbursements totaling $84,324,599 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1791414.8,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1741797,"date":"2016-08-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1570367.35,"date":"2012-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1522556.55,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1469963.4,"date":"2012-10-12","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1355505,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1490194.8,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1416324.9,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":658604.36,"date":"2013-06-03","description":"MEDIA TV BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":3271839.4,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":732000,"date":"2023-12-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":710000,"date":"2025-04-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":645000,"date":"2024-03-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":2000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":2000000,"date":"2016-10-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SHORR%20JOHNSON%20MAGNUS"]},{"id":"P36_J000293","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Ron Johnson has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_J000293","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$117K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 61% from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLAT","explanation":"Ron Johnson received $117,271.22 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION) ($71,355.74 = 61%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":117271.21999999997,"oppose":274984.99000000005,"byYear":{"2010":323015.22,"2012":21351.250000000007,"2014":21603.81,"2016":39638.670000000006,"2018":226.97,"2022":33877.09},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":3680.33,"oppose":175249.13000000003,"types":["DM","O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":0,"oppose":97360.2,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":71355.74,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":21620.589999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":6295.6900000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_J000293","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $443,170 on 2022-03-31 (11.0× normal)","explanation":"Ron Johnson's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $443,170 on 2022-03-31 — 11.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":1119428,"maxRatio":13.5,"maxAmount":443170},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":443170,"ratio":11,"baselineDaily":40374,"count":962,"cmteId":"C00482984","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00482984&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-06-30","amount":333858,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":31421,"count":1480,"cmteId":"C00482984","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00482984&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-05-12","amount":208700,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":17383,"count":122,"cmteId":"C00482984","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00482984&min_date=2017-05-12&max_date=2017-05-12"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-05-03","amount":133700,"ratio":13.5,"baselineDaily":9883,"count":88,"cmteId":"C00482984","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00482984&min_date=2017-05-03&max_date=2017-05-03"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00482984&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"]},{"id":"P68_J000293","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 2 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$15.0M","explanation":"Ron Johnson's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 2 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $15,000,000.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Descr (Real Estate Commercial, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC (100% (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":2,"totalEstMidpoint":15000000.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Description: Single Industrial Building / Commercial Rental Real Estate (Oshkosh, WI)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"},{"name":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC (100% Ownership Interest) Company: Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC (Oshkosh, WI) Description: Commercial rental real estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_J000293","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at Grammie Jean Foundation, Inc. Oshkosh, WI","explanation":"Ron Johnson's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Grammie Jean Foundation, Inc. Oshkosh, WI (Nonprofit Organization); Other (Member Manager) at Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Oshkosh, WI (Other (Limited Liability Compa).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Mar 2009 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Grammie Jean Foundation, Inc. Oshkosh, WI","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Dec 1997 to present","role":"Other (Member Manager)","entity":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Oshkosh, WI","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_J000293","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ron Johnson appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (7); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/J000293","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P83_J000293_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Johnson discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (4 top-bracket + 2 unascertainable, 43% of 14 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Ron Johnson's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (4 top-bracket, 2 unascertainable) across 14 total reported assets — 43% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC (100% Ownership Interest) Company: Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, (--) · Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Description: Single Industrial Building / Commercial Rental Real  ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Receivable Company: Ron Johnson for Senate, Inc. (Washington, DC) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Charles Schwab & Co Inc. (--) · SPY - SPDR S&P 500 ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":4,"unascertCount":2,"totalAssets":14,"opaqueRatio":0.429,"samples":[{"asset":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC (100% Ownership Interest) Company: Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson,","value":"--"},{"asset":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Description: Single Industrial Building / Commercial Rental Real ","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Receivable Company: Ron Johnson for Senate, Inc. (Washington, DC)","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Charles Schwab & Co Inc.","value":"--"},{"asset":"SPY - SPDR S&P 500","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P88_J000293_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Johnson's 2025 PFD: 3 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), VTI","explanation":"Ron Johnson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · VTI ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Description: Single Industrial Building / Commercial Rental Real ","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Receivable Company: Ron Johnson for Senate, Inc. (Washington, DC)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"VTI","asset":"VTI - Total Stock Market ETF Vanguard","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_J000293","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Johnson's campaign paid $80,019,491 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415)","explanation":"Ron Johnson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 85 payments totaling $80,019,491 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415 across 56 payments, services: MEDIA BUY · MEDIA · MEDIA PURCHASE). Cycles covered: 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":80019490.8,"paymentCount":85,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","MEDIA","MEDIA PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","ISSUE ORIENTED MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA TV BUY"]},{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS"]}],"surname":"johnson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0WI00197&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_J000293","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Johnson filed 4 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 187 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Ron Johnson has filed 4 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 187 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2010 (187d late, filed 11/18/2010) · 2012 (132d late, filed 09/24/2012) · 2020 (83d late, filed 08/06/2020) · 2010 (55d late, filed 07/09/2010).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":4,"maxDaysLate":187,"samples":[{"year":2010,"filingDate":"11/18/2010","daysLate":187,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/7F4946F4-573C-4294-B8A4-BC276432A21F/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2012,"filingDate":"09/24/2012","daysLate":132,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/BFD6C820-F7D5-4F9E-A353-09EA97995532/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/06/2020","daysLate":83,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/77eeb215-d282-4569-bcaf-81d0e9ac2e48/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"07/09/2010","daysLate":55,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/9CB019DF-FF60-4E39-875C-9412D5E029B4/","title":"Annual Report"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/7F4946F4-573C-4294-B8A4-BC276432A21F/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/BFD6C820-F7D5-4F9E-A353-09EA97995532/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/77eeb215-d282-4569-bcaf-81d0e9ac2e48/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_J000293_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Johnson holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Grammie Jean Foundation, Inc.","explanation":"Ron Johnson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Grammie Jean Foundation, Inc..","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Grammie Jean Foundation, Inc. Oshkosh, WI","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Mar 2009 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P104_J000293_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Johnson's 2025 PFD lists 4 entities bearing the surname \"Johnson\" — top: Ronald H. and Jane K.","explanation":"Ron Johnson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 4 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Johnson\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Ronald H. and Jane K. (asset) · Ronald H. and Jane K. (asset) · Receivable Company: Ron Johnson for (asset) · Ronald H. and Jane K. (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Johnson","count":4,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC (100% Ownership Interest) Company: Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson,","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Description: Single Industrial Building / Commercial Rental Real ","type":"Real Estate Commercial"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Receivable Company: Ron Johnson for Senate, Inc. (Washington, DC)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"},{"source":"position","entry":"Ronald H. and Jane K. Johnson, LLC Oshkosh, WI","position":"Other (Member Manager)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P133_J000293_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Johnson's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $64.9M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Ron Johnson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $64.9M (asset midpoint $64.9M minus liability midpoint $0.0M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":64934007,"netWorthM":64.93,"totalAssetMid":64934006.5,"totalLiabMid":0,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_J000293","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Johnson's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $36.8M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Ron Johnson's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $36.8M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 15; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":36840507,"assetCount":15,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1439f6ed-5750-420f-a6ac-1c4bbde77815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1439f6ed-5750-420f-a6ac-1c4bbde77815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_J000293","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Johnson ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $159M across 13 cycles","explanation":"Ron Johnson's FEC-bulk record shows $158.8M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 13 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":158.83,"cycleCount":13,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0WI00197"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0WI00197/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P145_J000293_2025","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Johnson discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: Charles Schwab & Co","explanation":"Ron Johnson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: Charles Schwab & Co Inc. (San Francisco, CA) Type: Money Market Account ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"Charles Schwab & Co Inc. (San Francisco, CA) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P149_J000293","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Johnson triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ron Johnson accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":23}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_J000293","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Johnson operates 5 distinct leadership PACs ($2.9M combined receipts)","explanation":"Ron Johnson operates 5 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $2.9M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: SECURE AMERICA'S MAJORITY PAC (C00345702) · STRATEGY PAC (C00497842) · COMMUNITY PAC (C00540989) · AMERICAN REVIVAL PAC (C00639229) · DEFEND THEM PAC INC. (C00849935).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.95,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00345702","cmteName":"SECURE AMERICA'S MAJORITY PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00497842","cmteName":"STRATEGY PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00540989","cmteName":"COMMUNITY PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00639229","cmteName":"AMERICAN REVIVAL PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00849935","cmteName":"DEFEND THEM PAC INC."}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00345702/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00497842/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540989/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00639229/"]},{"id":"P160_J000293_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Johnson's 2025 PFD shows 2 broad-market index funds (100% of 2 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Ron Johnson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 of 2 ticker holdings (100%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: VTI, SPY.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":2,"totalTickers":2,"ratio":1,"broadTickers":["VTI","SPY"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_J000293_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Johnson's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $64.9M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Ron Johnson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $64.9M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":64934006.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/be1cbc9f-7e98-4e7d-9f90-a060498d5449/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_WI_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WI delegation: Ron Johnson & Tammy Baldwin both flagged on 7 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from WI — Ron Johnson and Tammy Baldwin — are flagged on the same 7 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P8, P9, P36, P58, P93.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"WI","juniorSenatorBid":"B001230","juniorSenatorName":"Tammy Baldwin","sharedDetectorCount":7,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P36","P58","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000293","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001230"]},{"id":"P199_J000293","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Johnson — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($79.4M)","explanation":"Ron Johnson is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $79.4M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":79416480,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0WI00197/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001215":[{"id":"P6_M001215_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$970,827 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $970,827 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 66 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":970827.2400000002,"oppose":0,"events":66}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_M001215_th8grf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$827,311 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC. spent $827,311 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00831404","name":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","support":827311,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831404/"]},{"id":"P6_M001215_tx76zo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$436,911 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC. spent $436,911 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00750182","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","support":436910.91,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750182/"]},{"id":"P6_M001215_xb9gmx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$425,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL A","explanation":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $425,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000422","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":425000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000422/"]},{"id":"P7_M001215_gvvlrs","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $20,208,695 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $20,208,695 opposing this member across 330 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":20208694.540000003,"totalSupport":3523127.140000001,"events":330,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":9752144.3},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":9537871.11},{"name":"American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees PEOPLE","oppose":460528.76999999996},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":234599.62},{"name":"NEA Advocacy Fund","oppose":99209}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_M001215_1zzh2n","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,298 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $104,298 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":104297.76000000001,"events":3,"byYear":{"2024":104297.76000000001},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30003511","name":"ASSOCIATION OF EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS (AEM)","total":104297.76000000001,"events":3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001215_81pi5i","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$15,850 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $15,850 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":34664.369999999995,"oppose":18814.660000000003,"net":15849.709999999992,"events":29,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":15837.04,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":15684.539999999999,"types":["DM","","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":14015.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":3496.54,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":0,"oppose":2899.02,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001215_m85b6y","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mariannette Miller-Meeks campaign paid $7,533 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: MILLERMEEKS, MARIANNETTE","explanation":"Mariannette Miller-Meeks's campaign paid 5 disbursements totaling $7,533 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MILLERMEEKS, MARIANNETTE","total":2800,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MILLERMEEKS, MARIANNETTE","amount":2800,"date":"2020-07-21","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"millermeeks","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROBINSON, SUZANNE SEBERG","total":2600,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROBINSON, SUZANNE SEBERG","amount":2600,"date":"2014-08-08","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"seberg","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SEBERG, CHARLES H","total":2033.38,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SEBERG, CHARLES H","amount":1250,"date":"2016-05-11","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"seberg","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SEBERG, CHARLES H","amount":783.38,"date":"2016-07-07","description":"TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"seberg","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SEBERG, FRANK J","total":100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SEBERG, FRANK J","amount":100,"date":"1985-04-18","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO INDIVIDUAL","surnameMatched":"seberg","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1986}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MILLERMEEKS"]},{"id":"P86_M001215","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mariannette Miller-Meeks named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Mariannette Miller-Meeks appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Mariannette Miller-Meeks","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-49/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Mariannette Miller-Meeks","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-26/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-49/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-26/"]},{"id":"P138_M001215","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mariannette Miller-Meeks draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.1M PAC / $42.3M total)","explanation":"Mariannette Miller-Meeks's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.1M of $42.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":42.35,"pacSharePct":30.9,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H8IA02043"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IA02043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001183":[{"id":"P6_S001183_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,097,825 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $1,097,825 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 82 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":1097824.9699999997,"oppose":0,"events":82}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_S001183_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$500,479 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $500,479 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":500479.47,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P6_S001183_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$271,026 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","explanation":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION spent $271,026 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":271026.18,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P7_S001183_xr33wv","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $27,172,901 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $27,172,901 opposing this member across 424 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":27172900.88999999,"totalSupport":2646730.3399999994,"events":424,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":11812376.26},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":9978805.8},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":1639119.5},{"name":"FRIENDS OF THE MAJORITY","oppose":1118788.04},{"name":"314 Action Fund","oppose":711743.1700000002}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001183_qdx15m","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Schweikert campaign paid $2,272,460 to 28 surname-matched vendors, top: O'BRIEN GARRETT","explanation":"David Schweikert's campaign paid 96 disbursements totaling $2,272,460 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'BRIEN GARRETT","total":564147.5800000001,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"O'BRIEN GARRETT","amount":84800,"date":"2020-06-10","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR MAIL PIECE PRODUCTION, DISSEMINATION AND POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"garrett","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"O'BRIEN GARRETT","amount":49650,"date":"2022-07-13","description":"NON-CANDIDATE SPECIFIC MAIL PIECE PRINTING AND POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"garrett","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"O'BRIEN GARRETT","amount":49246.88,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"FUNDRAISING DIRECT MAIL PIECE PRODUCTION, PRINTING AND POSTAGE, NO EXPRESS 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GARRETT GREIM LLC","amount":19633.97,"date":"2025-12-12","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"garrett","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOFFMAN, REID GARRETT","total":111441.08,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"HOFFMAN, REID GARRETT","amount":25720.54,"date":"2021-03-11","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"garrett","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HOFFMAN, REID GARRETT","amount":25720.54,"date":"2021-01-25","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"garrett","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HOFFMAN, REID GARRETT","amount":10000,"date":"2020-01-17","description":"IN-KIND FOR TECHNOLOGY 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Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P86_S001183","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Schweikert named in 6 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"David Schweikert appears as a named subject in 6 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":6,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative David Schweikert","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-13-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative David Schweikert","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-1-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative David Schweikert","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-0-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative David Schweikert","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-david-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairwoman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative David Schweikert","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairwoman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-28/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairwoman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative David Schweikert","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairwoman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-18/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-13-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-1-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-0-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-david-2/"]},{"id":"P138_S001183","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Schweikert draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.2M PAC / $38.6M total)","explanation":"David Schweikert's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.2M of $38.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.22,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.64,"pacSharePct":31.6,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H4AZ06045"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AZ06045/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"E000246":[{"id":"P6_E000246_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,934,857 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WOMEN VOTE!","explanation":"WOMEN VOTE! spent $2,934,857 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"WOMEN VOTE!","support":2934857.0300000003,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P6_E000246_vdfi6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,810,588 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FOR US POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE","explanation":"WORKING FOR US POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE INC spent $2,810,588 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00430876","name":"WORKING FOR US POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE INC","support":2810588.4299999997,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00430876/"]},{"id":"P6_E000246_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$650,525 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $650,525 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":650525.35,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_E000246_ti9fno","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$463,803 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from J Street Action Fund","explanation":"J Street Action Fund spent $463,803 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00815753","name":"J Street Action Fund","support":463802.55,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815753/"]},{"id":"P7_E000246_l5giuv","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,903,394 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,903,394 opposing this member across 165 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5903393.57,"totalSupport":7529594.149999999,"events":165,"topAttackers":[{"name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","oppose":4258735.79},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":604142.1699999999},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":401438.6},{"name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","oppose":251300.99},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":164086.33}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_E000246_9gezcu","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$108,962 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $108,962 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":108962.15999999999,"oppose":0,"net":108962.15999999999,"events":37,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":85546.47000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003553","name":"FLORIDA EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":6425.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":4972.56,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":4908.759999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":3887,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_E000246_xfrem","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $114,557 / spent $118,686","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00361816","cmteName":"TEX-USA FUND","year":"2010","totalReceipts":20000,"totalDisbursements":23787.7,"cashOnHand":10522.87},{"cmteId":"C00361816","cmteName":"TEX-USA FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":2500,"totalDisbursements":9861.7,"cashOnHand":3161.2},{"cmteId":"C00361816","cmteName":"TEX-USA FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":3078.3,"cashOnHand":82.9},{"cmteId":"C00828426","cmteName":"BLUE RIDGE VICTORY FUND","year":"2022","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00832766","cmteName":"DEFEND AMERICA NOW ALLIANCE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":114556.8,"totalSpent":118686.40000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_E000246_2abnra","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"97% of itemized donations from outside NC","explanation":"Only $787,780 of $24,564,669 itemized individual contributions came from NC. The rest — $23,776,889 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"NC","homeStateTotal":787780,"outOfStateTotal":23776889,"outOfStateShare":96.8,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":1383482},{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":638778},{"stateZip3":"TX752","amount":612143},{"stateZip3":"CA941","amount":499155},{"stateZip3":"CA902","amount":414230}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_E000246_3ifhu8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles (Chuck) Edwards campaign paid $36,965,147 to 101 surname-matched vendors, top: KERRY-EDWARDS 2004, INC","explanation":"Charles (Chuck) Edwards's campaign paid 355 disbursements totaling $36,965,147 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004, INC","total":4208044.6899999995,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004, INC","amount":966261.94,"date":"2004-12-09","description":"LOAN (USSS RECEIVABLE)","surnameMatched":"edwards","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004, INC","amount":845663.18,"date":"2004-10-28","description":"LOAN (USSS RECEIVABLE)","surnameMatched":"edwards","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004, INC","amount":500000,"date":"2004-07-28","description":"LOAN (11 CFR 9003.4(B)(2))","surnameMatched":"edwards","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004 GELAC","total":4050245.2000000007,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004 GELAC","amount":559279.8,"date":"2004-08-25","description":"GELAC TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"edwards","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004 GELAC","amount":500000,"date":"2004-07-31","description":"LOAN","surnameMatched":"edwards","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004 GELAC","amount":456341.24,"date":"2004-07-31","description":"TRAVEL EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"edwards","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","total":2777326,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":275000,"date":"2016-07-28","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":207963,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"AD PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","total":2247895.92,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","amount":2247895.92,"date":"2007-03-31","description":"ALL O/S REATTRIBUTED AS CONTRIBUTION CAM","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","total":1585457.5,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":706912.5,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"ADVERTISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":158067,"date":"2024-04-05","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DIXON / DAVIS MEDIA GROUP LLC","amount":142184,"date":"2024-01-08","description":"PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHAMBERS LOPEZ STRATEGIES","total":1370788.1199999999,"count":23,"samples":[{"payee":"CHAMBERS LOPEZ STRATEGIES","amount":251500,"date":"2013-02-14","description":"ISSUE-ORIENTED RADIO ADVERTISING BUY","surnameMatched":"lopez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CHAMBERS LOPEZ STRATEGIES","amount":161854.84,"date":"2013-06-13","description":"ELECTION-INFLUENCING ISSUE-ORIENTED ADVERTISING BUY","surnameMatched":"lopez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CHAMBERS LOPEZ STRATEGIES","amount":150000,"date":"2016-06-16","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lopez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KERRY-EDWARDS%202004"]},{"id":"P36_E000246","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Charles (Chuck) Edwards has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_E000246","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 79% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Charles (Chuck) Edwards received $108,962.16 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($85,546.47 = 79%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":108962.15999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":64376.63,"2012":1039.77,"2018":3980.88,"2022":20163.66,"2024":19754.33},"corpCount":11},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":85546.47000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003553","name":"FLORIDA EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":6425.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003553/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":4972.56,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":4908.759999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":3887,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P90_E000246","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles (Chuck) Edwards's campaign paid $3,985,623 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: KERRY-EDWARDS 2004 GELAC ($2,314,205)","explanation":"Charles (Chuck) Edwards's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 37 payments totaling $3,985,623 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KERRY-EDWARDS 2004 GELAC ($2,314,205 across 8 payments, services: LOAN). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":3985622.96,"paymentCount":37,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KERRY-EDWARDS 2004 GELAC","total":2314205.46,"count":8,"descriptions":["LOAN"]},{"payee":"SMITH EDWARDS DUNLAP COMPANY","total":409598.15,"count":8,"descriptions":["GRAPHIC DESIGN","DIGITAL MEDIA SERVICES"]},{"payee":"KERRY EDWARDS GELAC","total":247719.66999999998,"count":2,"descriptions":["OFFSETS TO OPERATING EXPENDITURES","LOAN"]},{"payee":"CHRISTIAN EDWARDS","total":240473.39,"count":7,"descriptions":["POSTAGE EXP","POSTAGE AND SHIPPING EXPENSE","PRINTING - BUTTONS STICKERS, PLACARDS"]},{"payee":"EDWARDS, CHUCK","total":229500,"count":1,"descriptions":["REPAY LOAN"]}],"surname":"edwards"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S8NC00122&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P152_E000246","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles (Chuck) Edwards operates 3 distinct leadership PACs ($0.1M combined receipts)","explanation":"Charles (Chuck) Edwards operates 3 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.1M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: TEX-USA FUND (C00361816) · BLUE RIDGE VICTORY FUND (C00828426) · DEFEND AMERICA NOW ALLIANCE PAC (C00832766).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.11,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00361816","cmteName":"TEX-USA FUND"},{"cmteId":"C00828426","cmteName":"BLUE RIDGE VICTORY FUND"},{"cmteId":"C00832766","cmteName":"DEFEND AMERICA NOW ALLIANCE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00361816/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00828426/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00832766/"]}],"O000086":[{"id":"P6_O000086_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$555,568 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Democratic Congressional Campaign Commit","explanation":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spent $555,568 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 44 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":555568.15,"oppose":3348850.9099999997,"events":44}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P7_O000086_j8avbo","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $12,148,171 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $12,148,171 opposing this member across 235 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":12148171.210000005,"totalSupport":935693.0499999997,"events":235,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5172372.87},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":3348850.9099999997},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":1726379.17},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR TAX REFORM","oppose":1125923.94},{"name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","oppose":336567.39}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_O000086_jcbzvx","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$226,895 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $226,895 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":226895.16999999998,"events":3,"byYear":{"2010":226895.16999999998},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":206572,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":11400,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30000798","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","total":8923.17,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_O000086_1y6vtq","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,387 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $85,387 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":85386.57999999999,"oppose":0,"net":85386.57999999999,"events":65,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":28923.77,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":13875,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":8532.93,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6474.62,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":6412.49,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_O000086_jclmi5","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $444,836 / spent $437,151","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00769125","cmteName":"DREAM BIG PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":312660.2,"totalDisbursements":307652.3,"cashOnHand":5007.9},{"cmteId":"C00769125","cmteName":"DREAM BIG PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":79772.4,"totalDisbursements":74752.7,"cashOnHand":10027.56},{"cmteId":"C00769125","cmteName":"DREAM BIG PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":52403.3,"totalDisbursements":54746.1,"cashOnHand":7684.76}],"totalRaised":444835.89999999997,"totalSpent":437151.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_O000086_nnsrf1","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens campaign paid $2,650,206 to 68 surname-matched vendors, top: VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","explanation":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens's campaign paid 229 disbursements totaling $2,650,206 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OWENS, BILL","total":235491.96000000002,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":138855.68,"date":"2010-10-28","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":29046.5,"date":"2011-09-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"OWENS, BILL","amount":29000,"date":"2012-10-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OWENS CORNING FOUNDATION INC","total":196594.61,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"OWENS CORNING FOUNDATION INC","amount":196594.61,"date":"2025-03-14","description":"NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRINGTON FORWARD THINKING","total":190177.39,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRINGTON FORWARD THINKING","amount":10428.38,"date":"2023-09-26","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harrington","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HARRINGTON FORWARD THINKING","amount":10000,"date":"2023-12-07","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harrington","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HARRINGTON FORWARD THINKING","amount":10000,"date":"2023-12-04","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harrington","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRINGTON (PERSONAL FUNDS), KAREN MRS.","total":187000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRINGTON (PERSONAL FUNDS), KAREN MRS.","amount":60000,"date":"2012-12-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"harrington","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HARRINGTON (PERSONAL FUNDS), KAREN MRS.","amount":40000,"date":"2013-01-02","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"harrington","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HARRINGTON (PERSONAL FUNDS), KAREN MRS.","amount":20000,"date":"2013-01-02","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"harrington","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS","total":115000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS","amount":75000,"date":"2023-01-31","description":"LEGAL SETTLEMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS","amount":40000,"date":"2023-05-22","description":"LEGAL SETTLEMENT","surnameMatched":"owens","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VIRGINIANS%20FOR%20JERRY%20KILGORE"]},{"id":"P25_O000086_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74% of PAC dollars ($514,091) come from Party industry","explanation":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":514090.5400000001,"share":74.4,"totalPAC":691001.65,"pacCount":27},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":514090.5400000001,"share":74.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":49602,"share":7.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":41109.11,"share":5.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":23200,"share":3.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_O000086_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee both supported ($555,568) and opposed ($3,348,851) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Clarence “Burgess” Owens advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":555568.15,"oppose":3348850.9099999997,"events":44}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P36_O000086","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_O000086","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$85K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 34% from AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","explanation":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens received $85,386.58 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE ($28,923.77 = 34%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":85386.57999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":52254.59,"2012":31524.859999999993,"2016":2660.1299999999997,"2020":581,"2022":274.71999999999997},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":28923.77,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":13875,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":8532.93,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6474.62,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":6412.49,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_O000086","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $64,602","explanation":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens received campaign contributions totaling $64,602 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($20,602); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); WESTERN ALLIANCE OF FARMWORKER ADVOCATES ($9,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":64602,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":20602,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WESTERN ALLIANCE OF FARMWORKER ADVOCATES PAC (WAFA PAC)","ldaClient":"WESTERN ALLIANCE OF FARMWORKER ADVOCATES","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_O000086","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 11 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 11 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":11,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/O000086","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_O000086","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens's campaign paid $528,918 to 18 surname-matched vendors — top: LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS ($115,000)","explanation":"Clarence “Burgess” Owens's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 40 payments totaling $528,918 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS ($115,000 across 2 payments, services: LEGAL SETTLEMENT). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":528918.1900000001,"paymentCount":40,"payeeCount":18,"topPayees":[{"payee":"LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL A. HORWITZ IOLTA AND CANDACE OWENS","total":115000,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL SETTLEMENT"]},{"payee":"S.E. OWENS & COMPANY","total":81448.55,"count":9,"descriptions":["ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","CONSULTING - COMPLIANCE"]},{"payee":"OWENS, PETER","total":60000,"count":6,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"RIVERA-OWENS, GRACE","total":48000,"count":4,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONSULTING","COMMUNITY OUTREACH"]},{"payee":"BUCK OWENS CRYSTAL PALACE","total":44761.71,"count":2,"descriptions":["FACILITY RENTAL"]}],"surname":"owens"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0UT04076&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"B001267":[{"id":"P6_B001267_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,127,440 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,127,440 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1127440,"oppose":0,"events":3},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS PAC (NAM-PAC)","total":2500}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_B001267_uwtvyc","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$616,972 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FAIR SHARE ACTION","explanation":"FAIR SHARE ACTION spent $616,972 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00526673","name":"FAIR SHARE ACTION","support":616971.97,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00526673/"]},{"id":"P6_B001267_ugekqm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$564,943 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Immigrant Voters Win PAC","explanation":"Immigrant Voters Win PAC spent $564,943 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00612820","name":"Immigrant Voters Win PAC","support":564943.24,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612820/"]},{"id":"P6_B001267_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$304,401 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $304,401 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":304400.70999999996,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P7_B001267_lgq7qs","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $17,564,799 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $17,564,799 opposing this member across 2849 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":17564798.62999999,"totalSupport":3985346.2299999776,"events":2849,"topAttackers":[{"name":"AMERICAN POLICY FUND","oppose":5900806.82},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":5116031.71},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":4220330},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":977870.9800000001},{"name":"Americas PAC","oppose":579832}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B001267_gu88xi","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,977,516 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 28 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $2,977,516 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":2977515.86,"events":28,"byYear":{"2010":2977515.86},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":1897763,"events":5},{"cmteId":"C30001135","name":"AMERICANS FOR JOB SECURITY","total":287900,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001655","name":"CROSSROADS GRASSROOTS POLICY STRATEGIES","total":213477,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30001713","name":"CSS ACTION FUND INC.","total":207919.72,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30001663","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS","total":171385.13999999998,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001267_ecq2at","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$264,727 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $264,727 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":265387.38,"oppose":660.03,"net":264727.35,"events":82,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":97898.04999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":82149.58,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":33866.19,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":27572.48,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O","DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":11444,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001267_yupftw","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $836,025 / spent $808,938","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00491936","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE COLORADO","year":"2022","totalReceipts":363117.4,"totalDisbursements":307822.5,"cashOnHand":63801.38},{"cmteId":"C00491936","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE COLORADO","year":"2024","totalReceipts":284211.1,"totalDisbursements":341022.7,"cashOnHand":6989.76},{"cmteId":"C00491936","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE COLORADO","year":"2026","totalReceipts":188696.1,"totalDisbursements":160093.1,"cashOnHand":35592.7}],"totalRaised":836024.6,"totalSpent":808938.2999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_B001267_nqt65h","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"77% of itemized donations from outside CO","explanation":"Only $1,011,443 of $4,356,119 itemized individual contributions came from CO. The rest — $3,344,676 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"CO","homeStateTotal":1011443,"outOfStateTotal":3344676,"outOfStateShare":76.8,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":514795},{"stateZip3":"DC200","amount":288218},{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":208408},{"stateZip3":"MD208","amount":104091},{"stateZip3":"CA902","amount":94966}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001267_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"54181 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $8,285,311 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 54181× NOT EMPLOYED = $8,285,311. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":54181,"total":8285311,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001267_y0950d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,222 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $113,222 across 237 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,054.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458398","date":"2016-03-31","amount":113222,"count":237,"baseline":17054,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458398/"]},{"id":"P15_B001267_mckgn8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$108,432 donation spike on 2015-09-28 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-28 this committee recorded $108,432 across 129 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,465.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458398","date":"2015-09-28","amount":108432,"count":129,"baseline":16465,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458398/"]},{"id":"P15_B001267_mcijpa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,250 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $97,250 across 126 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,107.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458398","date":"2015-06-30","amount":97250,"count":126,"baseline":16107,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458398/"]},{"id":"P15_B001267_mczsck","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,328 donation spike on 2015-12-31 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-12-31 this committee recorded $80,328 across 231 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,690.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458398","date":"2015-12-31","amount":80328,"count":231,"baseline":11690,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458398/"]},{"id":"P15_B001267_mcijoo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,325 donation spike on 2015-06-29 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-29 this committee recorded $77,325 across 82 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,767.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458398","date":"2015-06-29","amount":77325,"count":82,"baseline":12767,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458398/"]},{"id":"P15_B001267_937hc5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,095 donation spike on 2020-04-17 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-04-17 this committee recorded $93,095 across 111 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,960.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00705186","date":"2020-04-17","amount":93095,"count":111,"baseline":10960,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00705186/"]},{"id":"P19_B001267_ushbad","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Bennet campaign paid $4,160,462 to 91 surname-matched vendors, top: CITIZENS FOR HUGHES","explanation":"Michael Bennet's campaign paid 281 disbursements totaling $4,160,462 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR HUGHES","total":1057500,"count":39,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR HUGHES","amount":75000,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"hughes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR HUGHES","amount":50000,"date":"2020-10-05","description":"NON-FED CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"hughes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR HUGHES","amount":50000,"date":"2024-07-05","description":"NON-FED CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"hughes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RODRIGUEZ & COMPANY","total":421263.93999999994,"count":23,"samples":[{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ & COMPANY","amount":52693.16,"date":"2004-11-02","description":"MAILING COSTS","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ & COMPANY","amount":30000,"date":"2003-02-26","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTANT SALARY","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ & COMPANY","amount":29123,"date":"2006-10-20","description":"PRINTING & MAILING COSTS","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUGHES & COMPANY","total":205900,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"HUGHES & COMPANY","amount":19000,"date":"2016-04-29","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hughes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUGHES & COMPANY","amount":14500,"date":"2016-08-22","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hughes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUGHES & COMPANY","amount":14500,"date":"2016-07-26","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"hughes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RODRIGUEZ & CO.","total":201806.67,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ & CO.","amount":100000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ & CO.","amount":72606.02,"date":"2008-05-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ & CO.","amount":29200.65,"date":"2008-05-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RODRIGUEZ, DAIRA","total":160000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ, DAIRA","amount":70000,"date":"2025-11-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ, DAIRA","amount":53000,"date":"2025-12-12","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ, DAIRA","amount":25000,"date":"2025-11-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"rodriguez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUGHES, DANIEL J","total":125000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUGHES, DANIEL J","amount":125000,"date":"2012-06-13","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN REPYMENT","surnameMatched":"hughes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CITIZENS%20FOR%20HUGHES"]},{"id":"P29_B001267_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BENNET, Michael F. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_B001267_uv4j5j","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Americas PAC both supported ($135,648) and opposed ($579,832) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Michael Bennet advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00559906","name":"Americas PAC","support":135648,"oppose":579832,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00559906/"]},{"id":"P35_B001267_wsha63","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SIERRA CLUB POLITICAL COMMITTEE both supported ($155,524) and opposed ($28,633) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Michael Bennet advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00135368","name":"SIERRA CLUB POLITICAL COMMITTEE","support":155523.61000000002,"oppose":28632.78,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00135368/"]},{"id":"P36_B001267","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Michael Bennet has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_B001267_LVLT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $LVLT — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Michael Bennet disclosed an asset position in $LVLT on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $LVLT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LVLT","assetName":"LVLT - Level 3 Communications, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1e228efd-313f-4520-b6f3-fdc6ba364a46/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LVLT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1e228efd-313f-4520-b6f3-fdc6ba364a46/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001267_RGC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $RGC — also a disclosed holding ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000)","explanation":"Michael Bennet disclosed an asset position in $RGC on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,000,001 - $5,000,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $RGC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RGC","assetName":"RGC - Regal Entertainment Group (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1e228efd-313f-4520-b6f3-fdc6ba364a46/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RGC","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2017-03-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1e228efd-313f-4520-b6f3-fdc6ba364a46/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P57_B001267","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2978K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 64% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Michael Bennet was the target of $2,977,515.86 in electioneering communications across 28 events from 8 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($1,897,763 = 64% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":2977515.86,"events":28,"pacCount":8,"byYear":{"2010":2977515.86}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":1897763,"events":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001135","name":"AMERICANS FOR JOB SECURITY","total":287900,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001135/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001655","name":"CROSSROADS GRASSROOTS POLICY STRATEGIES","total":213477,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001655/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001713","name":"CSS ACTION FUND INC.","total":207919.72,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001713/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001663","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS","total":171385.13999999998,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001663/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_B001267","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$265K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 37% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Michael Bennet received $265,387.38 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($97,898.05 = 37%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":265387.38,"oppose":660.03,"byYear":{"2010":164706.04,"2016":2027.81,"2022":235601.22},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":97898.04999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":82149.58,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":33866.19,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":27572.48,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O","DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":11444,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_B001267","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (6 total findings) — ie support concentration (4), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Michael Bennet triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 6 total findings across them: ie support concentration (4), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":6,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":4},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_B001267","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $37,649.84","explanation":"Michael Bennet received campaign contributions totaling $37,649.84 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED ENERGY WORKERS HEALTHCARE-FOUR CORNERS HEAL ($16,049.84); NATIONAL COUNCIL OF FARMER COOPERATIVES ($10,000); STEVEN A. COHEN ($6,600); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":37649.84,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED HEALTHCARE","ldaClient":"UNITED ENERGY WORKERS HEALTHCARE-FOUR CORNERS HEALTHCARE","donorTotal":16049.84,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COUNCIL OF FARMER COOPERATIVES PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COUNCIL OF FARMER COOPERATIVES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COHEN, STEVEN A","ldaClient":"STEVEN A. COHEN","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC (NMHC PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_B001267","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 57 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Michael Bennet's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 57 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2026). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): PERA, SPY, EAERX, LUMN, SNAXX, VTHRX, VTMSX, VTRIX, VSMSX, MDLOX, RPTIX, BTMKX, BSIIX, ABNFX, MEDIX, … (42 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":57,"mostRecentFilingYear":2026,"sampleTickers":["PERA","SPY","EAERX","LUMN","SNAXX","VTHRX","VTMSX","VTRIX","VSMSX","MDLOX","RPTIX","BTMKX","BSIIX","ABNFX","MEDIX","PONPX","PPGNX","PMZPX","PDBZX","VBIRX","ODVYX","FRGXX","CIPNX","MASKX","DFIEX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_B001267","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 10 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.8M","explanation":"Michael Bennet's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2026) lists ownership of 10 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $830,004. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Continuum Market Station, LLC Descriptio (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000); Continuum 640 Santa Fe, LLC Description: (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000); CP 90Co Member, LLC Description: CP 90Co (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000); CP Kent Place Member, LLC Description: C (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000); Daggett Farms Limited Partnership Descri (Farm/Ranch, $15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":10,"totalEstMidpoint":830004,"year":2026,"sample":[{"name":"Continuum Market Station, LLC Description: Continuum Market Station, LLC (Denver, CO)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"},{"name":"Continuum 640 Santa Fe, LLC Description: Continuum 640 Santa Fe, LLC (Los Angeles, CA)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"},{"name":"CP 90Co Member, LLC Description: CP 90Co Member, LLC (Denver, CO)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"},{"name":"CP Kent Place Member, LLC Description: CP Kent Place Member, LLC (Denver, CO)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"},{"name":"Daggett Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre family farm (Marianna, AR) Filer comment: 9.42% limited partnership","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P74_B001267_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 28 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including VSMSX, BSIIX, ABNFX, MEDIX, PONPX, PPGNX","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 28 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: VSMSX, BSIIX, ABNFX, MEDIX, PONPX, PPGNX, PMZPX, PDBZX, VBIRX, ODVYX, FRGXX, CIPNX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":28,"newTickers":["VSMSX","BSIIX","ABNFX","MEDIX","PONPX","PPGNX","PMZPX","PDBZX","VBIRX","ODVYX","FRGXX","CIPNX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/02513815-e33c-4286-a1c0-be256cfe895b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/02513815-e33c-4286-a1c0-be256cfe895b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_B001267","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 2 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: India","explanation":"Michael Bennet's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 2 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — India. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: India → Madeira Capital Investments Limited Company: Madeira Capital Investments Limited (--).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2026","totalAssets":2,"countries":["India"],"byCountry":{"India":[{"assetName":"Madeira Capital Investments Limited Company: Madeira Capital Investments Limited","valueRange":"--"},{"assetName":"More Description : Grocery Chain (Ebene, Muritius (India))","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001267","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 21 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Michael Bennet appears in 21 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 21 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (6); ie support concentration (4); both sides ie (2); senate pfd holding trade (2); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":21,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001267","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_B001267_2015","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet filed 2 amendments to the 2015 Senate annual disclosure — 9 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Michael Bennet's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2015 report alone, with 9 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2015,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":9,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c3c3a608-d77b-407b-8e47-85330b3051dd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7ed08e45-81f6-4aa8-a99b-f78e6f297345/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c3c3a608-d77b-407b-8e47-85330b3051dd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7ed08e45-81f6-4aa8-a99b-f78e6f297345/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Bennet discloses 13 opaque-value holdings on the 2026 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 13 unascertainable, 17% of 76 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual disclosure has 13 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 13 unascertainable) across 76 total reported assets — 17% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest (--) · CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest (--) · The Michael F. Bennet Trust (--) · Continuum Real Estate Investors 2016, LLC Company: Continuum Real Estate Investors 2016, LLC (Denver (--) · Madeira Capital Investments Limited Company: Madeira Capital Investments Limited (Ebene, Muritius (I (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2026","opaqueCount":13,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":13,"totalAssets":76,"opaqueRatio":0.171,"samples":[{"asset":"CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest","value":"--"},{"asset":"CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest","value":"--"},{"asset":"The Michael F. Bennet Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Continuum Real Estate Investors 2016, LLC Company: Continuum Real Estate Investors 2016, LLC (Denver","value":"--"},{"asset":"Madeira Capital Investments Limited Company: Madeira Capital Investments Limited (Ebene, Muritius (I","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet discloses 7 real estate holdings on 2026 Senate PFD","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 7 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Belmar HH Owner LLC Description: Hotel (Lakewood, CO) · CP Block A Member, LLC Description: Mixed use development (D · Continuum Real Estate Investors 2016, LLC Company: Continuum · Continuum Market Station, LLC Description: Continuum Market .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2026","propertyCount":7,"properties":[{"name":"Belmar HH Owner LLC Description: Hotel (Lakewood, CO)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"CP Block A Member, LLC Description: Mixed use development (Denver, CO)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Continuum Real Estate Investors 2016, LLC Company: Continuum Real Estate Investors 2016, LLC (Denver, CO) Desc","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Continuum Market Station, LLC Description: Continuum Market Station, LLC (Denver, CO)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Continuum 640 Santa Fe, LLC Description: Continuum 640 Santa Fe, LLC (Los Angeles, CA)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"CP 90Co Member, LLC Description: CP 90Co Member, LLC (Denver, CO)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"CP Kent Place Member, LLC Description: CP Kent Place Member, LLC (Denver, CO)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet discloses 5 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2026 PFD","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Daggett Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre fam · LMD Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre family  · Canyon Balanced Fund LP Description : Hedge fund (Los Angele · Madeira Capital Investments Limited Company: Madeira Capital.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2026","altHoldingCount":5,"holdings":[{"name":"Daggett Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre family farm (Marianna, AR) Filer comment: 9.42% limit","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"LMD Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre family farm (Marianna, AR) Filer comment: 8.97% limited p","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Canyon Balanced Fund LP Description : Hedge fund (Los Angeles, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Madeira Capital Investments Limited Company: Madeira Capital Investments Limited (Ebene, Muritius (India)) Des","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Oakcliff Capital Partners, LP Description : Hedge Fund (New York, NY) Filer comment: Although we have requeste","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet's 2026 PFD: 16 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (21% of 77 reported assets)","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 16 reported holdings owned by Spouse (13), Joint (0), or Dependent (3) — 21% of 77 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Truist - f/k/a Suntrust (Richmond, VA) Type: Certificate of Deposit · Spouse: CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest · Spouse: Moderate Age-Based Option: Income Portfolio · Spouse: Conservative Age-Based Option: Interest Accumulation Portfolio.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2026","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":13,"Joint":0,"Dependent":3,"Self":60},"totalAssets":77,"familyShare":0.208,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Truist - f/k/a Suntrust (Richmond, VA) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Moderate Age-Based Option: Income Portfolio","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Conservative Age-Based Option: Interest Accumulation Portfolio","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet's 2026 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — EAERX, (non-ticker)","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: EAERX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"EAERX","asset":"EAERX - Eaton Vance Stock A","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Canyon Balanced Fund LP Description : Hedge fund (Los Angeles, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_B001267","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Bennet's campaign paid $194,079 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: BENNET FOR COLORADO ($144,079)","explanation":"Michael Bennet's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $194,079 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BENNET FOR COLORADO ($144,079 across 3 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION · FORWARD EARMARKED CONTRIBUTIONS). Cycles covered: 2010, 2016, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":194079.18,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BENNET FOR COLORADO","total":144079.18,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","FORWARD EARMARKED CONTRIBUTIONS"]},{"payee":"BENNET COLORADO VICTORY","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"bennet"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0CO00211&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet's 2026 PFD: 3 holdings owned by Dependent Child (1 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 3 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 1 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest · Moderate Age-Based option: Income Portfolio · Conservative Age-Based option: Interest Accumulati.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2026","dependentHoldingCount":3,"highValueCount":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"CollegeInvest Fund Institution: CollegeInvest","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Moderate Age-Based option: Income Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Conservative Age-Based option: Interest Accumulation Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_B001267","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet filed 9 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 144 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Michael Bennet has filed 9 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 144 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (144d late, filed 10/06/2020) · 2010 (110d late, filed 09/02/2010) · 2014 (98d late, filed 08/21/2014) · 2020 (89d late, filed 08/12/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":9,"maxDaysLate":144,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"10/06/2020","daysLate":144,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2cf1f5df-a3ab-4344-96a4-edd8924feb32/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"09/02/2010","daysLate":110,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F1BD5C0B-947A-4678-93C0-FB8C0E8647CC/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"08/21/2014","daysLate":98,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2B2000AD-EE04-455F-BAC4-6832F025E476/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/12/2020","daysLate":89,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c81fe2d7-e217-4bbf-b0be-7ccd845280d2/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2cf1f5df-a3ab-4344-96a4-edd8924feb32/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F1BD5C0B-947A-4678-93C0-FB8C0E8647CC/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2B2000AD-EE04-455F-BAC4-6832F025E476/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet owes 1 named-bank loan on 2026 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Washington,","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 2.75% (15 years) from Wells Fargo Washington,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2026","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.75% (15 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Washington, DC","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P104_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet's 2026 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Bennet\" — top: The Michael F. Bennet Trust","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Bennet\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: The Michael F. Bennet Trust (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2026","surname":"Bennet","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"The Michael F. Bennet Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet holds 1 ticker on 2026 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — LUMN ($4.5M)","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $4.5M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: LUMN ($4.5M, 29 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2026","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":4.47,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LUMN","totalLobby":4470000,"recordCount":29,"topClient":"LUMEN TECHNOLOGIES SERVICE GROUP LLC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P108_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2026 PFD (≥$1M each, total $1M) — top: LUMN ($1.2M)","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $1M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: LUMN ($1.2M, 14 contracts, Department of Homeland Security).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2026","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":1.19,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LUMN","total":1193516.7000000002,"count":14,"agencies":["Department of Homeland Security","Consumer Financial Protection Bureau","Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_B001267","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($6.0M total receipts) — top: BENNET COLORADO VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Michael Bennet appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $6.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BENNET COLORADO VICTORY FUND (C00793208, $3.3M receipts, treasurer HAGGARD, LORA). Active years: 2, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":5.96,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00793208","name":"BENNET COLORADO VICTORY FUND","receipts":3274036.59,"treasurer":"HAGGARD, LORA","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793208/"},{"committeeId":"C00574384","name":"BENNET COLORADO VICTORY","receipts":2688053.5399999996,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574384/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793208/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00793208/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P119_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2026 PFD — LUMN","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: LUMN ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LUMN","asset":"LUMN - Lumen Technologies, Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P132_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P132_PFD_PARTNERSHIP_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet's 2026 PFD lists 5 private-fund / LP / LLC holdings — opaque portfolio profile","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 private-fund-structured holdings — limited partnerships, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, fund of funds, family offices. These structures (a) defer income recognition until distributions are made, (b) allow carried-interest tax preference for fund managers, (c) obscure underlying portfolio-company names from the public PFD form (only the fund name is reported), and (d) limit liquidity, reducing the senator's ability to comply with STOCK Act timely-disclosure rules even if they wished to. Heavy concentration in private-fund vehicles is the most opaque PFD asset class — journalists investigating a senator's actual sector exposure must obtain the fund's quarterly investor letters or SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure to see what's inside. Holdings: Daggett Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre fam · LMD Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre family  · Canyon Balanced Fund LP Description : Hedge fund (Los Angele · Madeira Capital Investments Limited Company: Madeira Capital · Oakcliff Capital Partners, LP Description : Hedge Fund (New .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_partnership_heavy","year":"2026","count":5,"holdings":[{"name":"Daggett Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre family farm (Marianna, AR) Filer comment: 9","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"LMD Farms Limited Partnership Description: 1500 acre family farm (Marianna, AR) Filer comment: 8.97%","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Canyon Balanced Fund LP Description : Hedge fund (Los Angeles, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Madeira Capital Investments Limited Company: Madeira Capital Investments Limited (Ebene, Muritius (I","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Oakcliff Capital Partners, LP Description : Hedge Fund (New York, NY) Filer comment: Although we hav","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P135_B001267","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $12.1M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Michael Bennet's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $12.1M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 33; earned-income on first filing: $1,000.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":12120016,"assetCount":33,"earnedIncome":1000,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a95fa99b-972e-4c69-a161-bd3d50e61ac3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a95fa99b-972e-4c69-a161-bd3d50e61ac3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_B001267","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Bennet ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $110M across 13 cycles","explanation":"Michael Bennet's FEC-bulk record shows $109.8M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 13 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":109.84,"cycleCount":13,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0CO00211"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CO00211/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_B001267","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL RGC $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Michael Bennet has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL RGC $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2017-12-08 · SELL RGC $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2017-03-28.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":1000002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"RGC","action":"SELL","date":"2017-12-08","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"RGC","action":"SELL","date":"2017-03-28","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P145_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2026 PFD — top: SNAXX - Schwab Value","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: SNAXX - Schwab Value Advantage Money Market ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"SNAXX - Schwab Value Advantage Money Market","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P148_B001267","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet's PAC funding concentrates 43% in Technology ($0.10M / $0.22M classified)","explanation":"Michael Bennet's PAC donors concentrate 43% in the Technology industry — $0.10M of $0.22M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.10M · Legal $0.09M · Healthcare $0.02M · Finance $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.22,"concentrationPct":42.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.1,"Legal":0.09,"Healthcare":0.02,"Finance":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CO00211/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_B001267","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet triggers 17 HIGH-severity findings across 43 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Michael Bennet accumulates 17 HIGH-severity findings across 43 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":17,"distinctDetectorTypes":43}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_B001267","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet triggers 44 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Michael Bennet accumulates findings across 44 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 44 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":44,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P12","P14","P15","P19","P29","P35","P36","P53","P57","P58","P59","P61","P63","P68","P74","P77","P78","P82","P83","P84","P85","P87","P88","P90","P92"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_B001267","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 892 sponsored, 3,178 cosponsored","explanation":"Michael Bennet's congress.gov record shows 892 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":892,"cosponsoredCount":3178,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/michael-f.-bennet/B001267","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet's 2026 PFD includes 8 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Moderate Age-Based Option: Income Portfolio · Conservative Age-Based Option: Interest Accumulation Portfolio · Moderate Age-Based option: Income Portfolio · Conservative Age-Based option: Interest Accumulation Portfolio.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2026","count":8,"holdings":[{"asset":"Moderate Age-Based Option: Income Portfolio","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"Conservative Age-Based Option: Interest Accumulation Portfolio","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"Moderate Age-Based option: Income Portfolio","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Conservative Age-Based option: Interest Accumulation Portfolio","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Moderate Age-Based option: Income portfolio","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Conservative Age-Based option: Interest Accumulation Portfolio","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P164_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet's 2026 PFD shows 1 inherited-wealth indicator — top: Raymond James - Inherited IRA","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 holding explicitly described as inherited (Inherited IRA, Estate of, Beneficiary of, Legacy fund, Bequest). Inherited assets are functionally distinct from earned wealth: they were transferred at death and typically come with stepped-up basis (IRC Section 1014), generation-skipping considerations, and minimum-distribution rules (post-SECURE Act 10-year payout for non-spouse beneficiaries). Heavy inherited-wealth holdings indicate intergenerational wealth transmission — relevant context for the senator's votes on estate tax, stepped-up basis preservation, SECURE Act amendments, and trust-and-estate tax policy. Inherited holdings: Raymond James - Inherited IRA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_inherited_wealth","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"name":"Raymond James - Inherited IRA","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions"]},{"id":"P172_CO_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CO delegation: Michael Bennet & John Hickenlooper both flagged on 26 shared detector types (7 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from CO — Michael Bennet and John Hickenlooper — are flagged on the same 26 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 7 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P10, P14, P15, P19, P29, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"CO","otherSenatorBid":"H000273","otherSenatorName":"John Hickenlooper","sharedDetectorCount":26,"sharedHighCount":7,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P10","P14","P15","P19","P29","P36","P53","P61","P63","P74","P82","P83","P87","P88"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001267","https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000273"]},{"id":"P193_B001267_2026","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bennet — 40 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Michael Bennet's 2026 Senate PFD shows 40 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2026","tickerPositions":40,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/792163cc-1f88-43a1-8f55-694134f66f8c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_B001267","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Bennet — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($54.9M)","explanation":"Michael Bennet is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $54.9M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":54919165,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CO00211/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001287":[{"id":"P6_B001287_tzeddt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$921,733 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HONORING AMERICAN LAW ENFORCEMENT PAC","explanation":"HONORING AMERICAN LAW ENFORCEMENT PAC spent $921,733 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 142 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00710178","name":"HONORING AMERICAN LAW ENFORCEMENT PAC","support":921732.6000000003,"oppose":0,"events":142}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710178/"]},{"id":"P6_B001287_ucknkh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$512,542 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC","explanation":"LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC spent $512,542 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 160 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00681825","name":"LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC","support":512542.2000000001,"oppose":0,"events":160}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00681825/"]},{"id":"P7_B001287_2bfbzy","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $9,622,129 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $9,622,129 opposing this member across 423 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":9622128.56,"totalSupport":2457352.779999997,"events":423,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":7928188.789999999},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":1676390.25},{"name":"Citizens For Economic And National Security","oppose":15000},{"name":"American Sikhs for Truth","oppose":2549.52}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001287_x9shwz","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$213,962 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $213,962 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":213961.9500000002,"oppose":0,"net":213961.9500000002,"events":106,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":75213,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":32982.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":26868.809999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":17174.74,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":14385.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001287_8elz8q","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $204,851 / spent $165,869","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00561779","cmteName":"AMERICAN INNOVATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AMI PAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":15001,"totalDisbursements":9019.3,"cashOnHand":5981.69},{"cmteId":"C00561779","cmteName":"AMERICAN INNOVATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AMI PAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":50850,"totalDisbursements":44715,"cashOnHand":12116.69},{"cmteId":"C00561779","cmteName":"AMERICAN INNOVATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AMI PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":139000,"totalDisbursements":112134.9,"cashOnHand":38981.83}],"totalRaised":204851,"totalSpent":165869.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001287_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9265 employees of N/A gave $2,493,676 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9265× N/A = $2,493,676. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":9265,"total":2493676,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001287_ku06jg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,500 donation spike on 2011-12-01 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-01 this committee recorded $56,500 across 37 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,641.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461061","date":"2011-12-01","amount":56500,"count":37,"baseline":4641,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461061/"]},{"id":"P15_B001287_8id29s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,151 donation spike on 2013-09-25 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-25 this committee recorded $55,151 across 63 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,983.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461061","date":"2013-09-25","amount":55151,"count":63,"baseline":4983,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461061/"]},{"id":"P15_B001287_kuhf45","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,500 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $54,500 across 36 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,362.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461061","date":"2011-06-30","amount":54500,"count":36,"baseline":7362,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461061/"]},{"id":"P15_B001287_av6igy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,020 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $54,020 across 140 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,175.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461061","date":"2018-06-30","amount":54020,"count":140,"baseline":5175,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461061/"]},{"id":"P15_B001287_ihnyxo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,951 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $50,951 across 86 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,320.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461061","date":"2016-03-31","amount":50951,"count":86,"baseline":5320,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461061/"]},{"id":"P19_B001287_yonx8x","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ami Bera campaign paid $38,319,049 to 66 surname-matched vendors, top: CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","explanation":"Ami Bera's campaign paid 388 disbursements totaling $38,319,049 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","total":24166919.750000004,"count":65,"samples":[{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","amount":1636113.75,"date":"2016-06-16","description":"DIRECT MARKETING","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","amount":1168724.28,"date":"2016-08-18","description":"DIRECT MARKETING","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","amount":1074555.75,"date":"2016-05-24","description":"DIRECT MARKETING","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADAMS NATIONAL BANK","total":8114429,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"ADAMS NATIONAL BANK","amount":750000,"date":"1988-01-04","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO INDIVIDUAL","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988},{"payee":"ADAMS NATIONAL BANK","amount":750000,"date":"1988-06-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988},{"payee":"ADAMS NATIONAL BANK","amount":750000,"date":"1988-05-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANDREWS HOOPER PAVLIK, PLC","total":617260,"count":76,"samples":[{"payee":"ANDREWS HOOPER PAVLIK, PLC","amount":16162,"date":"2024-11-19","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pavlik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANDREWS HOOPER PAVLIK, PLC","amount":14500,"date":"2024-08-29","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pavlik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANDREWS HOOPER PAVLIK, PLC","amount":13998,"date":"2020-12-15","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pavlik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARCHER GROUP","total":584062.12,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"ARCHER GROUP","amount":141189.3,"date":"2008-11-03","description":"CANVASS","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"ARCHER GROUP","amount":55110.38,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"CANVASS","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"ARCHER GROUP","amount":50262.69,"date":"2008-11-20","description":"CANVASSING COORDINATION CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARCHER MALMO","total":465537.17000000004,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"ARCHER MALMO","amount":67546.71,"date":"2012-10-09","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ARCHER MALMO","amount":58325,"date":"2014-07-23","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ARCHER MALMO","amount":45324,"date":"2014-06-25","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARCHER GROUP INC","total":440150,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"ARCHER GROUP INC","amount":55890,"date":"2008-08-13","description":"TRAVEL - EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"ARCHER GROUP INC","amount":51300,"date":"2012-09-18","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ARCHER GROUP INC","amount":50000,"date":"2008-07-02","description":"TRAVEL - EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"archer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CHAPMAN%20CUBINE%20ADAMS%20%2B%20HUSSEY"]},{"id":"P36_B001287","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Ami Bera has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P56_B001287_PRIMERICA","pattern_type":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"LOW","headline":"14% of contributions ($20,200 of $148,499) came from employees of PRIMERICA","explanation":"Ami Bera's principal campaign committee received $20,200 from individuals at PRIMERICA — that's 13.6% of all itemized contributions. While individual employees can each give up to $3,500/cycle, when ≥10% of a committee's funding traces to a single non-PAC employer, it signals a coordinated bundling network: HR/leadership at PRIMERICA likely organized contributions through internal fundraising. The next-largest employers contributed $10,800 (REVOLUTION GROUP), $6,250 (LIBERATORE CPA), $5,400 (DOHENY BUILDER SUPPLY).","evidence":[{"source":"employer_bundling","employer":"PRIMERICA","amount":20200,"share":13.6,"totalCommittee":148499},{"source":"next_employers","top4":[{"employer":"REVOLUTION GROUP","amount":10800},{"employer":"LIBERATORE CPA","amount":6250},{"employer":"DOHENY BUILDER SUPPLY","amount":5400},{"employer":"LOS ALAMITOS MEDICAL CENTER","amount":5400}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00674325/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?employer=PRIMERICA"]},{"id":"P58_B001287","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$214K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 35% from COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","explanation":"Ami Bera received $213,961.95 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION ($75,213 = 35%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":213961.9500000002,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":70445.97999999998,"2012":97445.07999999999,"2014":47737.039999999986,"2016":1377.6799999999998,"2018":71.17,"2022":249.07999999999998},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":75213,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":32982.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005798/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":26868.809999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005392/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":17174.74,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":14385.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002761/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_B001287","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (4 total findings) — ie support concentration (2), employer bundling (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Ami Bera triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 4 total findings across them: ie support concentration (2), employer bundling (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":4,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":2},{"pattern":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_B001287","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $148,000","explanation":"Ami Bera received campaign contributions totaling $148,000 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES, INC. ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); THE SOCIETY OF THORACIC SURGEONS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":148000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES INC PAC; AKA ACP SERVICES PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAN SERVICES, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SOCIETY OF THORACIC SURGEONS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE SOCIETY OF THORACIC SURGEONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001287","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $56,500 on 2011-12-01 (12.2× normal)","explanation":"Ami Bera's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $56,500 on 2011-12-01 — 12.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":165671,"maxRatio":12.2,"maxAmount":56500},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-12-01","amount":56500,"ratio":12.2,"baselineDaily":4641,"count":37,"cmteId":"C00461061","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461061&min_date=2011-12-01&max_date=2011-12-01"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-09-25","amount":55151,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":4983,"count":63,"cmteId":"C00461061","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461061&min_date=2013-09-25&max_date=2013-09-25"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-06-30","amount":54020,"ratio":10.4,"baselineDaily":5175,"count":140,"cmteId":"C00461061","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461061&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461061/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00461061&min_date=2011-12-01&max_date=2011-12-01"]},{"id":"P78_B001287","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ami Bera appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001287","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_B001287","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ami Bera's campaign paid $60,500 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: BERA, AMERISH B. ($60,500)","explanation":"Ami Bera's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $60,500 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BERA, AMERISH B. ($60,500 across 5 payments, services: DEBT FORGIVEN). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":60500,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BERA, AMERISH B.","total":60500,"count":5,"descriptions":["DEBT FORGIVEN"]}],"surname":"bera"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0CA03078&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_B001287","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ami Bera draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.3M PAC / $47.3M total)","explanation":"Ami Bera's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.3M of $47.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.25,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.31,"pacSharePct":34.4,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0CA03078"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA03078/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_B001287","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ami Bera's PAC funding concentrates 38% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.18M classified)","explanation":"Ami Bera's PAC donors concentrate 38% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.18M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Healthcare $0.03M · Real Estate $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Finance $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.18,"concentrationPct":37.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Healthcare":0.03,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA03078/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"P000603":[{"id":"P6_P000603_uwuhel","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,486,267 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONCERNED AMERICAN VOTERS","explanation":"CONCERNED AMERICAN VOTERS spent $5,486,267 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 121 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00525899","name":"CONCERNED AMERICAN VOTERS","support":5486267.249999999,"oppose":0,"events":121}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00525899/"]},{"id":"P6_P000603_uvrli2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,361,374 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PURPLE PAC INC","explanation":"PURPLE PAC INC spent $1,361,374 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00544569","name":"PURPLE PAC INC","support":1361374,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544569/"]},{"id":"P6_P000603_tw2cpt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$476,596 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from KENTUCKY FREEDOM PAC","explanation":"KENTUCKY FREEDOM PAC spent $476,596 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 24 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00772020","name":"KENTUCKY FREEDOM PAC","support":476596.42,"oppose":0,"events":24}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772020/"]},{"id":"P6_P000603_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$391,363 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND (also direct donor)","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $391,363 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 245 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":391362.57000000007,"oppose":0,"events":245},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","total":9013.76}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P6_P000603_uxw6jo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$341,854 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Santa Rita SuperPAC","explanation":"Santa Rita SuperPAC spent $341,854 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00508721","name":"Santa Rita SuperPAC","support":341854.48,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00508721/"]},{"id":"P7_P000603_clp1g4","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,668,530 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,668,530 opposing this member across 593 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2668530.49,"totalSupport":8589021.789999994,"events":593,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":1586482.5699999998},{"name":"NEA Advocacy Fund","oppose":400000},{"name":"MOVEON.ORG POLITICAL ACTION","oppose":204088.28},{"name":"Commonsense Ten","oppose":158784.03},{"name":"KENTUCKY LEADERSHIP COUNCIL","oppose":132600}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_P000603_k1u63j","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$328,813 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 9 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $328,813 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":328813.26,"events":9,"byYear":{"2010":242802,"2012":86011.26},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001028","name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","total":242802,"events":7},{"cmteId":"C30001929","name":"ENDING SPENDING INC","total":86011.26,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_P000603_42ieyr","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$157,924 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $157,924 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":32657.809999999998,"oppose":190582.22999999998,"net":-157924.41999999998,"events":45,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":96985.40000000001,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":54549.83000000001,"types":["O","DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":0,"oppose":25708.309999999998,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":24228.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":11656.38,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_P000603_762wrt","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,728,212 / spent $1,916,745","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00234641","cmteName":"LIBERTY PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":186313.4,"totalDisbursements":286754.6,"cashOnHand":90104.21},{"cmteId":"C00234641","cmteName":"LIBERTY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":1377509.7,"totalDisbursements":1359091.5,"cashOnHand":108522.39},{"cmteId":"C00234641","cmteName":"LIBERTY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":148807.2,"totalDisbursements":255110.5,"cashOnHand":2219.06},{"cmteId":"C00234641","cmteName":"LIBERTY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":15581.8,"totalDisbursements":15788.3,"cashOnHand":2012.48}],"totalRaised":1728212.0999999999,"totalSpent":1916744.9000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_P000603_xyi1jz","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100% of itemized donations from outside KY","explanation":"Only $0 of $39,679,322 itemized individual contributions came from KY. The rest — $39,679,322 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"KY","homeStateTotal":0,"outOfStateTotal":39679322,"outOfStateShare":100,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"TX787","amount":696322},{"stateZip3":"TX770","amount":486942},{"stateZip3":"AZ852","amount":448512},{"stateZip3":"CA926","amount":418544},{"stateZip3":"TX752","amount":406256}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_P000603_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"106893 employees of RETIRED gave $9,467,729 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 106893× RETIRED = $9,467,729; 11440× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,674,080. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":106893,"total":9467729,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":11440,"total":1674080,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000603_46znr0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,594 donation spike on 2013-12-31 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-31 this committee recorded $83,594 across 165 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,559.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496075","date":"2013-12-31","amount":83594,"count":165,"baseline":9559,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496075/"]},{"id":"P15_P000603_46znsr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,800 donation spike on 2013-12-10 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-10 this committee recorded $68,800 across 40 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,792.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496075","date":"2013-12-10","amount":68800,"count":40,"baseline":6792,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496075/"]},{"id":"P15_P000603_4u43et","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,787 donation spike on 2011-02-21 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-02-21 this committee recorded $125,787 across 328 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,058.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00234641","date":"2011-02-21","amount":125787,"count":328,"baseline":20058,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00234641/"]},{"id":"P19_P000603_by49ke","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rand Paul campaign paid $17,091,094 to 62 surname-matched vendors, top: PAUL HASTINGS LLP","explanation":"Rand Paul's campaign paid 218 disbursements totaling $17,091,094 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PAUL HASTINGS LLP","total":3350000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"PAUL HASTINGS LLP","amount":2000000,"date":"2024-04-01","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PAUL HASTINGS LLP","amount":1000000,"date":"2023-11-13","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PAUL HASTINGS LLP","amount":250000,"date":"2024-08-19","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PAUL WEISS RIFKIND WHARTON & GARRISON LLP","total":1712178.26,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"PAUL WEISS RIFKIND WHARTON & GARRISON LLP","amount":1471674.96,"date":"2020-07-29","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"PAUL WEISS RIFKIND WHARTON & GARRISON LLP","amount":240503.3,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERR, PAUL G.","total":1447510.21,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"KERR, PAUL G.","amount":750000,"date":"2018-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KERR, PAUL G.","amount":500000,"date":"2018-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KERR, PAUL G.","amount":197510.21,"date":"2018-12-31","description":"","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SAINT PAUL FOUNDATION","total":1431739.56,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SAINT PAUL FOUNDATION","amount":1181739.56,"date":"2011-02-24","description":"CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SAINT PAUL FOUNDATION","amount":150000,"date":"2010-05-17","description":"CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SAINT PAUL FOUNDATION","amount":100000,"date":"2010-10-18","description":"CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADDIS, PAUL","total":1083640.83,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ADDIS, PAUL","amount":850000,"date":"2018-05-01","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"ADDIS, PAUL","amount":233640.83,"date":"2018-05-01","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE SAINT PAUL FOUNDATION","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE SAINT PAUL FOUNDATION","amount":1000000,"date":"2009-11-30","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"paul","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PAUL%20HASTINGS%20LLP"]},{"id":"P25_P000603_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57% of PAC dollars ($850,623) come from Party industry","explanation":"Rand Paul receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":850622.56,"share":57.4,"totalPAC":1481452.45,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":850622.56,"share":57.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":444092.94999999995,"share":30},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":177723.18000000002,"share":12},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":9013.76,"share":0.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_P000603_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with KY R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PAUL, Rand voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To eliminate funding for refugee and entrant assistance."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":664,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from host"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2026-01-06","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sara Bailey, of Texas, to be Director of National Drug Control Policy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000603","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Rand Paul has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_P000603","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$329K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 74% from AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","explanation":"Rand Paul was the target of $328,813.26 in electioneering communications across 9 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was AMERICAN FUTURE FUND ($242,802 = 74% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":328813.26,"events":9,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":242802,"2012":86011.26}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001028","name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","total":242802,"events":7,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001028/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001929","name":"ENDING SPENDING INC","total":86011.26,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001929/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P62_P000603","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $68,800 on 2013-12-10 (10.1× normal)","explanation":"Rand Paul's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $68,800 on 2013-12-10 — 10.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":68800,"maxRatio":10.1,"maxAmount":68800},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-12-10","amount":68800,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":6792,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00496075","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00496075&min_date=2013-12-10&max_date=2013-12-10"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496075/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00496075&min_date=2013-12-10&max_date=2013-12-10"]},{"id":"P68_P000603","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 14 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.5M","explanation":"Rand Paul's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 14 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $505,005.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Rental Property Description: Rental Prop (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP Comp (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $50,001 - $100,000); Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP Com (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $50,001 - $100,000); Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP Co (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $50,001 - $100,000); Rental Property 4 Description: Rental Pr (Real Estate Residential, $15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":14,"totalEstMidpoint":505005.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Rental Property Description: Rental Property (Destin, FL)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"},{"name":"CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP Company: CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP (Newport News, VA) Description: Investment in rental real estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP (Newport News, VA) Description: Investment in rental real estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP (Newport News, VA) Description: Investment in rental real estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"},{"name":"Rental Property 4 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P71_P000603","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$90,000 in outside earned income — top source: Regnery Publishing WASHINGTON, DC ($$90,000.00)","explanation":"Rand Paul's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $90,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Regnery Publishing WASHINGTON, DC ($90,000.00, Royalties).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":90000,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"Regnery Publishing WASHINGTON, DC","amount":"$90,000.00","amountNumeric":90000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_P000603","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 reportable gifts disclosed totaling $6,330 — top: Personal private plane travel from Bowling Green KY to Kerrv ($5,700.00)","explanation":"Rand Paul's Senate annual financial disclosures report 2 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $6,330 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: Personal private plane travel from Bowling Green KY to Kerrv ($5,700.00) from Ken Garschina New York, NY; Hermes change tray depicting a horse ($630.00) from Jeff & Janine Yass Philadelphia, PA.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":2,"totalValue":6330,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"},{"source":"gift","date":"07/02/2024","recipient":"Self","description":"Personal private plane travel from Bowling Green KY to Kerrville TX.","value":"$5,700.00","giftSource":"Ken Garschina New York, NY","year":2025},{"source":"gift","date":"08/14/2019","recipient":"Self","description":"Hermes change tray depicting a horse","value":"$630.00","giftSource":"Jeff & Janine Yass Philadelphia, PA","year":2019}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P78_P000603","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 23 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Rand Paul appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 23 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (5); daily donation spike (3); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":23,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000603","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_P000603_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 12 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including JNMXX, JGVXX, JURDX, JANDX, CPFXX, BGEIX","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 12 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: JNMXX, JGVXX, JURDX, JANDX, CPFXX, BGEIX, VBIAX, VAIPX, VGELX, VFIAX, USAGX, JACNX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":12,"divestedTickers":["JNMXX","JGVXX","JURDX","JANDX","CPFXX","BGEIX","VBIAX","VAIPX","VGELX","VFIAX","USAGX","JACNX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e314ecdf-d475-4b93-ad92-1ca3b0f73c77/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e314ecdf-d475-4b93-ad92-1ca3b0f73c77/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_P000603_2014","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rand Paul filed 3 amendments to the 2014 Senate annual disclosure — 7 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Rand Paul's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2014 report alone, with 7 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2014,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":7,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f059485-d200-4418-886e-147f1dc3330f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/498495F1-A6B5-459E-8008-531860F44512/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/48562E42-C185-4231-867D-712ECE5ADC99/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f059485-d200-4418-886e-147f1dc3330f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/498495F1-A6B5-459E-8008-531860F44512/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rand Paul discloses 16 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 16 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Alchemy, LLC Company: Alchemy, LLC (Bowling Green, KY) Descr · Rental Property Description: Rental Property (Destin, FL) · Carona Limited Company: Carona Limited (Lake Jackson, TX) De · Rental Property 1 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":16,"properties":[{"name":"Alchemy, LLC Company: Alchemy, LLC (Bowling Green, KY) Description: real estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Rental Property Description: Rental Property (Destin, FL)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Carona Limited Company: Carona Limited (Lake Jackson, TX) Description: Rental property.","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Rental Property 1 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Rental Property 2 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Rental Property 3 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Rental Property 4 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Rental Property 5 Description: Farm Land (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rand Paul discloses 7 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 7 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Carona Limited Company: Carona Limited (Lake Jackson, TX) De · CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP Company: CHANDLER REAL E · Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP Company: Chandler Real  · Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP Company: Chandler Real.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":7,"holdings":[{"name":"Carona Limited Company: Carona Limited (Lake Jackson, TX) Description: Rental property.","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--"},{"name":"CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP Company: CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP (Newport News, VA) Descriptio","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP (Newport News, VA) Descript","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP (Newport News, VA) Descri","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIX LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIX LP (Newport News, VA) Descript","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XVI LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XVI LP (Newport News, VA) Descript","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP (Newport News, Virginia) ","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul's 2025 PFD: 15 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (28% of 53 reported assets)","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 15 reported holdings owned by Spouse (7), Joint (8), or Dependent (0) — 28% of 53 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: German American Bank (Jasper, IN) Type: Checking, Savings · Spouse: JNMXX - Janus Money Market Fund D Share (NASDAQ) · Spouse: CPFXX - American Century Capital Preser (NASDAQ) · Spouse: BGEIX - American Century Global Gold Inv (NASDAQ).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":7,"Joint":8,"Dependent":0,"Self":37},"totalAssets":53,"familyShare":0.283,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"German American Bank (Jasper, IN) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"JNMXX - Janus Money Market Fund D Share (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CPFXX - American Century Capital Preser (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"BGEIX - American Century Global Gold Inv (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Alchemy, LLC Company: Alchemy, LLC (Bowling Green, KY) Description: real estate","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_P000603","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rand Paul's campaign paid $6,085,711 to 15 surname-matched vendors — top: KERR, PAUL G. ($1,447,510)","explanation":"Rand Paul's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 27 payments totaling $6,085,711 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KERR, PAUL G. ($1,447,510 across 3 payments, services: ). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6085710.57,"paymentCount":27,"payeeCount":15,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KERR, PAUL G.","total":1447510.21,"count":3,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"SAINT PAUL FOUNDATION","total":1431739.56,"count":3,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"THE SAINT PAUL FOUNDATION","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DONATION"]},{"payee":"PAUL KINNEY PRODUCTIONS","total":928969.34,"count":9,"descriptions":["TV MEDIA PRODUCTION SERVICES","BROADCAST MEDIA","TV MEDIA PRODUCTION & TIME"]},{"payee":"PAUL GIARIZZO CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","total":231326.1,"count":1,"descriptions":["DESIGN PRODUCTION MAIL HOUSE & POSTAGE"]}],"surname":"paul"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0KY00156&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rand Paul (Kentucky) discloses 14 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Texas (7)","explanation":"Rand Paul represents Kentucky but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 14 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Kentucky (1 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Texas: 7 · Virginia: 6 · Florida: 1. Sample: Rental Property Description: Rental Property (Destin, FL) (Florida) · Carona Limited Company: Carona Limited (Lake Jackson, TX) Description: Rental property. (Texas) · Rental Property 1 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX) (Texas).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Kentucky","inStateCount":1,"outOfStateCount":14,"byState":{"TX":7,"VA":6,"FL":1},"samples":[{"name":"Rental Property Description: Rental Property (Destin, FL)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"FL"},{"name":"Carona Limited Company: Carona Limited (Lake Jackson, TX) Description: Rental property.","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--","state":"TX"},{"name":"Rental Property 1 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"TX"},{"name":"Rental Property 2 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"TX"},{"name":"Rental Property 3 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"TX"},{"name":"Rental Property 4 Description: Rental Property (Lake Jackson, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$15,001 - $50,000","state":"TX"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_P000603","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rand Paul filed 20 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 200 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Rand Paul has filed 20 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 200 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2010 (200d late, filed 12/01/2010) · 2014 (194d late, filed 11/25/2014) · 2014 (194d late, filed 11/25/2014) · 2010 (187d late, filed 11/18/2010).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":20,"maxDaysLate":200,"samples":[{"year":2010,"filingDate":"12/01/2010","daysLate":200,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/74AE493A-1377-49E5-A673-955018EB2654/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"11/25/2014","daysLate":194,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f059485-d200-4418-886e-147f1dc3330f/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"11/25/2014","daysLate":194,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/498495F1-A6B5-459E-8008-531860F44512/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"11/18/2010","daysLate":187,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/31F8AF2D-9E45-4092-94AC-EF017C1078A9/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/74AE493A-1377-49E5-A673-955018EB2654/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8f059485-d200-4418-886e-147f1dc3330f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/498495F1-A6B5-459E-8008-531860F44512/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2025 PFD — USAGX - USAA Precious Metals and Minerals (NASDAQ)","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: USAGX - USAA Precious Metals and Minerals (NASDAQ).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"USAGX - USAA Precious Metals and Minerals (NASDAQ)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: PNC Bank Dayton,","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 2.25% (15 years) from PNC Bank Dayton,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.25% (15 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"PNC Bank Dayton, OH","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P101_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rand Paul's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$90,000 disclosed) — top: Regnery Publishing WASHINGTON, DC","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $90,000 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Regnery Publishing WASHINGTON, DC (Royalties, $90,000.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":90000,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Regnery Publishing WASHINGTON, DC","amount":"$90,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul holds 2 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — GILD ($10.8M), LUV ($3.4M)","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $14.2M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: GILD ($10.8M, 47 filings) · LUV ($3.4M, 42 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalLobbyAcrossM":14.17,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GILD","totalLobby":10812000,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF GILEAD SCIENCES INC."},{"ticker":"LUV","totalLobby":3360000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOT ASSOCIATION"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P109_P000603","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($4.7M total receipts) — top: RAND PAUL VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Rand Paul appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $4.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: RAND PAUL VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00545848, $3.6M receipts, treasurer KEVIN BROGHAMER). Active years: 3, first seen 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":4.66,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00545848","name":"RAND PAUL VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":3633512.48,"treasurer":"KEVIN BROGHAMER","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545848/"},{"committeeId":"C00634766","name":"RAND PAUL VICTORY","receipts":1026806.6,"treasurer":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634766/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545848/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00545848/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P122_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P122_PFD_AIRLINES_HOLDING_AVIATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul holds 1 airline / aerospace ticker on 2025 PFD — LUV","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in airlines, aerospace, or aviation suppliers (Delta DAL, American AAL, United UAL, Southwest LUV, Alaska ALK, JetBlue JBLU, plus Boeing BA, eVTOL Joby JOBY, Archer ACHR). Airline mergers (JetBlue / Spirit, Alaska / Hawaiian) require DOT and DOJ approval; FAA reauthorization includes pilot training rules, ATC funding, and consumer-protection mandates. Holdings: LUV ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_airlines_aviation","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LUV","asset":"LUV - SOUTHWEST AIRLINES","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onAviationCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.faa.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rand Paul holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — senator on HELP/Finance/Aging — GILD","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate HELP, Finance, Aging, or Judiciary committees — bodies with primary jurisdiction over Medicare drug-pricing negotiation (Inflation Reduction Act), FDA approval pathways, biosimilar exclusivity, the 340B drug-pricing program, Medicare Part D reform, and PBM (pharmacy benefit manager) reform. Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: GILD ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GILD","asset":"GILD - Gilead Sciences, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P132_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P132_PFD_PARTNERSHIP_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul's 2025 PFD lists 7 private-fund / LP / LLC holdings — opaque portfolio profile","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 7 private-fund-structured holdings — limited partnerships, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, fund of funds, family offices. These structures (a) defer income recognition until distributions are made, (b) allow carried-interest tax preference for fund managers, (c) obscure underlying portfolio-company names from the public PFD form (only the fund name is reported), and (d) limit liquidity, reducing the senator's ability to comply with STOCK Act timely-disclosure rules even if they wished to. Heavy concentration in private-fund vehicles is the most opaque PFD asset class — journalists investigating a senator's actual sector exposure must obtain the fund's quarterly investor letters or SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure to see what's inside. Holdings: Carona Limited Company: Carona Limited (Lake Jackson, TX) De · CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP Company: CHANDLER REAL E · Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP Company: Chandler Real  · Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP Company: Chandler Real · Chandler Real Estate Partners XIX LP Company: Chandler Real .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_partnership_heavy","year":"2025","count":7,"holdings":[{"name":"Carona Limited Company: Carona Limited (Lake Jackson, TX) Description: Rental property.","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--"},{"name":"CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP Company: CHANDLER REAL ESTATE PARTNERS XV LP (Newport News, VA) ","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIV LP (Newport News, VA","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP (Newport News, ","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIX LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIX LP (Newport News, VA","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XVI LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XVI LP (Newport News, VA","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP Company: Chandler Real Estate Partners XIII LP (Newport News, ","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P137_P000603","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rand Paul ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $118M across 13 cycles","explanation":"Rand Paul's FEC-bulk record shows $118.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 13 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":118.27,"cycleCount":13,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0KY00156"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0KY00156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_P000603","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rand Paul's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($0.44M / $0.44M classified)","explanation":"Rand Paul's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $0.44M of $0.44M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.44M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.44,"totalPacAmountM":0.44,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.44}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0KY00156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_P000603","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rand Paul triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Rand Paul accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":36}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_P000603","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul triggers 37 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Rand Paul accumulates findings across 37 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 37 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":37,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P12","P14","P15","P19","P25","P29","P36","P57","P62","P68","P71","P72","P78","P79","P82","P84","P85","P87","P90","P91","P93","P95","P96","P101","P106"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P154_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P154_PFD_LARGE_GIFT_RECENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rand Paul's 2025 PFD discloses 1 large gift ≥$1,000 — top: Personal private plane travel from Bowling Green K ($5,700.00) from Ken Garschina New York, NY","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure Part 5 reports 1 individually-disclosed gift valued at $1,000 or more (combined approximate value: $5,700). Senate ethics rules permit gifts under specific exceptions (close family / personal friendship, widely-attended events, modest food and refreshments below $50) but explicitly prohibit gifts from registered lobbyists and from foreign governments. Large individually-reported gifts warrant cross-reference: who is the giver, what is their relationship to the senator, what business interests do they have before the senator's committee, and does the gift fall within an enumerated exception or did the senator obtain a specific Senate Ethics waiver? Recent gifts: Personal private plane travel from Bowling Green KY to Kerrville TX. ($5,700.00) from Ken Garschina New York, NY on 07/02/2024.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_gift","year":"2025","count":1,"totalValue":5700,"gifts":[{"date":"07/02/2024","gift":"Personal private plane travel from Bowling Green KY to Kerrville TX.","value":"$5,700.00","from":"Ken Garschina New York, NY"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P157_P000603","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,095 sponsored, 1,115 cosponsored","explanation":"Rand Paul's congress.gov record shows 1,095 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1095,"cosponsoredCount":1115,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/rand-paul/P000603","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VTHRX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Inv (NASDAQ).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"VTHRX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Inv (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: X CORP Bastrop, tx (Self-Employment Income)","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Self-Employment Income from X CORP Bastrop, tx (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"X CORP Bastrop, tx","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/26b5e9a7-ce61-4034-9963-3e452816c87e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/26b5e9a7-ce61-4034-9963-3e452816c87e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_KY_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"KY delegation: Rand Paul & Mitch McConnell both flagged on 14 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from KY — Rand Paul and Mitch McConnell — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P25, P29, P36, P72, P79.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"KY","otherSenatorBid":"M000355","otherSenatorName":"Mitch McConnell","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P25","P29","P36","P72","P79","P82","P87","P106","P109","P154","P170"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000603","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000355"]},{"id":"P193_P000603_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul — 29 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Rand Paul's 2025 Senate PFD shows 29 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":29,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/41174a3d-8d1e-458f-9f6b-f7d6ee174095/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_P000603","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rand Paul — DW-NOMINATE 0.89 vs KY delegation mean 0.12 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Rand Paul's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.89) is 1.9 standard deviations from the KY delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"KY","memberScore":0.891,"delegationMean":0.11784615384615388,"zscore":"1.94"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P199_P000603","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rand Paul — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($59.1M)","explanation":"Rand Paul is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $59.1M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":59134051,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0KY00156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"F000466":[{"id":"P6_F000466_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,048,984 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,048,984 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1048983.9,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_F000466_ucl9o7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$598,545 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NO LABELS ACTION, INC.","explanation":"NO LABELS ACTION, INC. spent $598,545 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00680983","name":"NO LABELS ACTION, INC.","support":598545.0499999999,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680983/"]},{"id":"P6_F000466_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$518,719 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $518,719 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":518718.58,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P6_F000466_uvu68r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$373,572 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC","explanation":"Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC spent $373,572 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00540443","name":"Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC","support":373571.5,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540443/"]},{"id":"P6_F000466_tztjyb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$339,586 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EDF Action Votes","explanation":"EDF Action Votes spent $339,586 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00707844","name":"EDF Action Votes","support":339586.23,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00707844/"]},{"id":"P7_F000466_ld89bt","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $14,462,497 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $14,462,497 opposing this member across 423 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":14462497.259999998,"totalSupport":4029815.5699999994,"events":423,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":6165844.4799999995},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":4945176.230000001},{"name":"Planned Parenthood Votes","oppose":2076680.5000000002},{"name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","oppose":445878.85000000003},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":402712.24999999994}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_F000466_hvp9cm","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$142,302 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $142,302 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":178354.86000000002,"oppose":36053.00000000001,"net":142301.86000000002,"events":79,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":154520.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":28795.030000000006,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":7651,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":5821.76,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":4831.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000466_n1o01l","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Fitzpatrick campaign paid $96,423 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: DECOTIIS FITZPATRICK COLE & WISLER, LL","explanation":"Brian Fitzpatrick's campaign paid 12 disbursements totaling $96,423 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DECOTIIS FITZPATRICK COLE & WISLER, LLP","total":70342,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DECOTIIS FITZPATRICK COLE & WISLER, LLP","amount":26312,"date":"2007-08-27","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fitzpatrick","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DECOTIIS FITZPATRICK COLE & WISLER, LLP","amount":25000,"date":"2006-12-21","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fitzpatrick","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DECOTIIS FITZPATRICK COLE & WISLER, LLP","amount":19030,"date":"2007-04-25","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fitzpatrick","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FITZPATRICK, CHARLES","total":19250,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FITZPATRICK, CHARLES","amount":19250,"date":"2004-10-27","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"fitzpatrick","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POPRIK, NICOLE G MS.","total":2000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POPRIK, NICOLE G MS.","amount":2000,"date":"2003-12-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"poprik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POPRIK, PATRICIA","total":2000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"POPRIK, PATRICIA","amount":1000,"date":"2004-11-23","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"poprik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"POPRIK, PATRICIA","amount":1000,"date":"1997-06-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION REF TO INDIVIDUAL","surnameMatched":"poprik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POPRIK, PATRICIA K.","total":1581.15,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"POPRIK, PATRICIA K.","amount":1000,"date":"2020-11-16","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"poprik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"POPRIK, PATRICIA K.","amount":400,"date":"2020-04-16","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"poprik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"POPRIK, PATRICIA K.","amount":181.15,"date":"2008-12-22","description":"ELECTION DAY EXPENSES - VOLUNTEER FOOD","surnameMatched":"poprik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POPRIK, JOHN","total":1000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POPRIK, JOHN","amount":1000,"date":"2004-11-23","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"poprik","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DECOTIIS%20FITZPATRICK%20COLE%20%26%20WISLER"]},{"id":"P58_F000466","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$178K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 87% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Brian Fitzpatrick received $178,354.86 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($154,520.88 = 87%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":178354.86000000002,"oppose":36053.00000000001,"byYear":{"2010":34737.590000000004,"2012":41018.74,"2014":25613.339999999997,"2018":2040.76,"2020":36542.159999999996,"2022":49603.69,"2024":61185.82},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":154520.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":28795.030000000006,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":7651,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004874/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":5821.76,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":4831.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_F000466","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $171,125 on 2021-11-08 (20.2× normal)","explanation":"Brian Fitzpatrick's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $171,125 on 2021-11-08 — 20.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":465805,"maxRatio":20.2,"maxAmount":171125},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-11-08","amount":171125,"ratio":20.2,"baselineDaily":8467,"count":123,"cmteId":"C00607416","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607416&min_date=2021-11-08&max_date=2021-11-08"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-04-16","amount":79125,"ratio":14.1,"baselineDaily":5602,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00607416","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607416&min_date=2021-04-16&max_date=2021-04-16"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-03-15","amount":73700,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":5763,"count":47,"cmteId":"C00607416","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607416&min_date=2018-03-15&max_date=2018-03-15"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-09-22","amount":71325,"ratio":11.5,"baselineDaily":6215,"count":42,"cmteId":"C00607416","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607416&min_date=2023-09-22&max_date=2023-09-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":70530,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":5517,"count":39,"cmteId":"C00607416","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607416&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607416/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00607416&min_date=2021-11-08&max_date=2021-11-08"]},{"id":"P90_F000466","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Fitzpatrick's campaign paid $19,250 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: FITZPATRICK, CHARLES ($19,250)","explanation":"Brian Fitzpatrick's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $19,250 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FITZPATRICK, CHARLES ($19,250 across 1 payments, services: POLITICAL CONSULTING FEE). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":19250,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FITZPATRICK, CHARLES","total":19250,"count":1,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONSULTING FEE"]}],"surname":"fitzpatrick"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6PA08277&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_F000466","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Fitzpatrick ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.5M across 12 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Brian Fitzpatrick's FEC-bulk record shows $21.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $52.6M (PAC: $21.5M, individual: $20.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.64,"lifetimeIndividualM":20.66,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6PA08277"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA08277/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_F000466","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Fitzpatrick draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($21.5M PAC / $52.6M total)","explanation":"Brian Fitzpatrick's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($21.5M of $52.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":21.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.64,"pacSharePct":40.8,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6PA08277"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA08277/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_F000466","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Fitzpatrick ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,476 cosponsored, 242 sponsored","explanation":"Brian Fitzpatrick's congress.gov record shows 5,476 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5476,"sponsoredCount":242,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/brian-k.-fitzpatrick/F000466","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"M001160":[{"id":"P6_M001160_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,031,161 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $5,031,161 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":5031161,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_M001160_t07ha2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,374,326 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Alabama Freedom Fund","explanation":"Alabama Freedom Fund spent $1,374,326 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00930438","name":"Alabama Freedom Fund","support":1374325.66,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00930438/"]},{"id":"P6_M001160_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$374,724 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $374,724 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 69 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":374724.07999999996,"oppose":0,"events":69}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P7_M001160_2dezcd","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,715,564 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,715,564 opposing this member across 259 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1715563.5699999998,"totalSupport":7759523.350000005,"events":259,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SOUTH ALABAMA CONSERVATIVES PAC","oppose":1008234},{"name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","oppose":689620.73},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR GROWTH, OPPORTUNITY AND PROSPERITY, INC.","oppose":17708.84}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_M001160_ryq9ie","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$172,864 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $172,864 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":172864,"events":1,"byYear":{"2010":172864},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":172864,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001160_tn03o5","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$11,119 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $11,119 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":11118.77,"oppose":0,"net":11118.77,"events":18,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":8197.02,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1689.34,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":809,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":383.64,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":39.77,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001160_w4my2l","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,162,381 / spent $2,144,173","explanation":"This member sponsors 10 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00431478","cmteName":"GIVING WILLINGLY EMPOWERING NATIONALLY PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":55934,"totalDisbursements":56248.5,"cashOnHand":4685.54},{"cmteId":"C00431478","cmteName":"GIVING WILLINGLY EMPOWERING NATIONALLY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":118784.6,"totalDisbursements":117508.3,"cashOnHand":5961.79},{"cmteId":"C00431478","cmteName":"GIVING WILLINGLY EMPOWERING NATIONALLY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":142432,"totalDisbursements":142671,"cashOnHand":5722.77},{"cmteId":"C00431478","cmteName":"GIVING WILLINGLY EMPOWERING NATIONALLY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":228172.3,"totalDisbursements":223743.4,"cashOnHand":10151.69},{"cmteId":"C00431478","cmteName":"GIVING WILLINGLY EMPOWERING NATIONALLY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":254931.7,"totalDisbursements":261609.7,"cashOnHand":3473.69}],"totalRaised":2162381.0999999996,"totalSpent":2144172.6999999997}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001160_jy708c","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $539,012 in itemized individual contributions, $328,900 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":539012,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":19187,"$500-$999":46410,"$1000-$1999":144515,"$2000 and over":328900},"megaShare":61,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001160_zts7x","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gwen Moore campaign paid $30,137,080 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: MOORE A SERIES LLC","explanation":"Gwen Moore's campaign paid 184 disbursements totaling $30,137,080 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","total":16146400.339999998,"count":51,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":736620.47,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":731094.23,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":703490.83,"date":"2025-02-19","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":798012,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":472007,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":448608.56,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE LLC","total":1540844.4599999997,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":469273.19,"date":"2024-07-25","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":284206.49,"date":"2024-06-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":273971.69,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","total":1381289.02,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":259856,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"LITERATURE AND VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":215283,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) LITERATURE: PROMOTE KAINE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":199025,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) MAIL: OPPOSE GADE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOHN CURTIS FOR UTAH","total":1178101.15,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"JOHN CURTIS FOR UTAH","amount":118391.22,"date":"2024-05-08","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOHN CURTIS FOR UTAH","amount":107982.83,"date":"2024-07-10","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOHN CURTIS FOR UTAH","amount":96138.37,"date":"2024-04-05","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":229937.77,"date":"2024-09-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":184197.86,"date":"2024-09-03","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":172003.1,"date":"2024-11-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MOORE%20A%20SERIES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P36_M001160","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Gwen Moore has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001160","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $243,500","explanation":"Gwen Moore received campaign contributions totaling $243,500 from 31 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 31 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($15,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($15,000); MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":31,"totalDollars":243500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001160","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gwen Moore's campaign paid $6,542,206 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537)","explanation":"Gwen Moore's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $6,542,206 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537 across 15 payments, services: GENERIC GOTV MAIL · VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE · PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542205.660000001,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"descriptions":["GENERIC GOTV MAIL","VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE & VAN ALLEN PLLC","total":617763.97,"count":3,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MARKETING","total":199510.41,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION DIRECT MAIL"]},{"payee":"MOORE INFORMATION GROUP","total":158700,"count":1,"descriptions":["SURVEY RESEARCH"]}],"surname":"moore"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4WI04183&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001160","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gwen Moore draws 66% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.0M PAC / $22.7M total)","explanation":"Gwen Moore's FEC-bulk record shows 66% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.0M of $22.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.98,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.68,"pacSharePct":66,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4WI04183"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4WI04183/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001160","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gwen Moore's PAC funding concentrates 33% in Finance ($0.04M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Gwen Moore's PAC donors concentrate 33% in the Finance industry — $0.04M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.04M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.02M · Technology $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":33.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.04,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.02,"Technology":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4WI04183/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_M001160","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gwen Moore operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($2.2M combined receipts)","explanation":"Gwen Moore operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $2.2M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: GIVING WILLINGLY EMPOWERING NATIONALLY PAC (C00431478) · WRANGLER PAC (C00930461).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.16,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00431478","cmteName":"GIVING WILLINGLY EMPOWERING NATIONALLY PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00930461","cmteName":"WRANGLER PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00431478/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00930461/"]},{"id":"P158_M001160","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gwen Moore ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,146 cosponsored, 281 sponsored","explanation":"Gwen Moore's congress.gov record shows 6,146 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6146,"sponsoredCount":281,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/gwen-moore/M001160","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"Y000064":[{"id":"P6_Y000064_d0mbr0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$715,525 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Rifle Association Institute for","explanation":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action spent $715,525 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013301","name":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action","support":715524.7600000001,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013301/"]},{"id":"P6_Y000064_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$496,618 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT","explanation":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE spent $496,618 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","support":496618.06,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P6_Y000064_twnejf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$295,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","explanation":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND spent $295,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00760124","name":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","support":295000,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760124/"]},{"id":"P6_Y000064_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$290,579 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Leadership Fund","explanation":"Senate Leadership Fund spent $290,579 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":290579.05,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P7_Y000064_nszr3a","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $40,982,726 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $40,982,726 opposing this member across 1054 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":40982725.55999995,"totalSupport":2981669.1500000013,"events":1054,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":11604964.420000002},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":11071343.03},{"name":"Senate Majority PAC","oppose":5879964.999999999},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5262520.89},{"name":"VOTEVETS","oppose":1578762.72}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_Y000064_s8g9x0","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$153,508 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $153,508 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION).","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":168454.86000000004,"oppose":14946.529999999999,"net":153508.33000000005,"events":82,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":96519.64000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":65577.20999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":14784.64,"types":["DM","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":2438.189999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":2185.32,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_Y000064_8uell1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $487,966 / spent $713,123","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00345199","cmteName":"MIDNIGHT SUN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":13503.1,"totalDisbursements":109846.9,"cashOnHand":128812.76},{"cmteId":"C00345199","cmteName":"MIDNIGHT SUN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":80380,"totalDisbursements":152823.2,"cashOnHand":56369.6},{"cmteId":"C00345199","cmteName":"MIDNIGHT SUN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":103724.4,"totalDisbursements":141838.3,"cashOnHand":18255.73},{"cmteId":"C00345199","cmteName":"MIDNIGHT SUN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":155404.6,"totalDisbursements":84042,"cashOnHand":89618.33},{"cmteId":"C00345199","cmteName":"MIDNIGHT SUN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":42650.7,"totalDisbursements":105640.5,"cashOnHand":26628.49}],"totalRaised":487966.39999999997,"totalSpent":713122.8999999998}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_Y000064_a8nqll","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -12%)","explanation":"Of $23,657,341 in itemized individual contributions, $18,613,758 (79%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":23657341,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-2766702,"$200.01-$499":809719,"$500-$999":2193417,"$1000-$1999":4807149,"$2000 and over":18613758},"megaShare":78.7,"smallDonorShare":-11.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_Y000064_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12739 employees of RETIRED gave $3,387,075 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 12739× RETIRED = $3,387,075; 1008× HOMEMAKER = $1,525,492. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":12739,"total":3387075,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"HOMEMAKER","count":1008,"total":1525492,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_Y000064_rxen99","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$693,700 donation spike on 2016-09-16 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-16 this committee recorded $693,700 across 407 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $108,401.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459255","date":"2016-09-16","amount":693700,"count":407,"baseline":108401,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459255/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000064_rxfa8s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$464,200 donation spike on 2016-08-16 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-16 this committee recorded $464,200 across 335 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $60,477.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459255","date":"2016-08-16","amount":464200,"count":335,"baseline":60477,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459255/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000064_sf7am9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$233,600 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 14.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $233,600 across 105 contributions — 14.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,346.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459255","date":"2015-03-31","amount":233600,"count":105,"baseline":16346,"ratio":14.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459255/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000064_rxfx7k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$196,560 donation spike on 2016-07-22 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-07-22 this committee recorded $196,560 across 263 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,536.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459255","date":"2016-07-22","amount":196560,"count":263,"baseline":18536,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459255/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000064_sfqg83","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$183,050 donation spike on 2015-12-31 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-12-31 this committee recorded $183,050 across 159 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,947.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459255","date":"2015-12-31","amount":183050,"count":159,"baseline":14947,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459255/"]},{"id":"P25_Y000064_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of PAC dollars ($573,665) come from Party industry","explanation":"Todd Young receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":573664.9100000001,"share":60.3,"totalPAC":951847.7300000001,"pacCount":27},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":573664.9100000001,"share":60.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":239807.88,"share":25.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":39000,"share":4.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":33644.53,"share":3.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_Y000064_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"YOUNG, Todd voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":664,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from host"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_Y000064","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Todd Young has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_Y000064","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$168K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 57% from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLAT","explanation":"Todd Young received $168,454.86 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION) ($96,519.64 = 57%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":168454.86000000004,"oppose":14946.529999999999,"byYear":{"2010":23722.940000000006,"2012":14057.570000000002,"2014":35696.78999999999,"2016":61627.01,"2018":4947.490000000001,"2020":7463.84,"2022":36464.37},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":96519.64000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":65577.20999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":14784.64,"types":["DM","O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":2438.189999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":2185.32,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_Y000064","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Todd Young received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COMMUNITY IMPACT ADVISORS OBO KUAKINI HEALTH SYSTE ($10,000); CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); WITH HONOR ACTION, INC. ($5,000); AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CHS/COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS INC. PAC - CHS PAC","ldaClient":"COMMUNITY IMPACT ADVISORS OBO KUAKINI HEALTH SYSTEMS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CNO FINANCIAL GROUP INC. A CONCERNED CITIZENS PAC","ldaClient":"CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WITH HONOR PAC","ldaClient":"WITH HONOR ACTION, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_Y000064","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $233,600 on 2015-03-31 (14.3× normal)","explanation":"Todd Young's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $233,600 on 2015-03-31 — 14.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":613210,"maxRatio":14.3,"maxAmount":233600},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-03-31","amount":233600,"ratio":14.3,"baselineDaily":16346,"count":105,"cmteId":"C00459255","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459255&min_date=2015-03-31&max_date=2015-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-07-22","amount":196560,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":18536,"count":263,"cmteId":"C00459255","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459255&min_date=2016-07-22&max_date=2016-07-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-12-31","amount":183050,"ratio":12.2,"baselineDaily":14947,"count":159,"cmteId":"C00459255","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459255&min_date=2015-12-31&max_date=2015-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459255/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459255&min_date=2015-03-31&max_date=2015-03-31"]},{"id":"P78_Y000064","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Todd Young appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/Y000064","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P93_Y000064","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Todd Young filed 2 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 133 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Todd Young has filed 2 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 133 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2019 (133d late, filed 09/25/2019) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":2,"maxDaysLate":133,"samples":[{"year":2019,"filingDate":"09/25/2019","daysLate":133,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7de15bb7-3010-4266-b547-39bb9a9788d9/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e22c5c63-4949-48cd-967a-e53137b26aa0/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7de15bb7-3010-4266-b547-39bb9a9788d9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e22c5c63-4949-48cd-967a-e53137b26aa0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P109_Y000064","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Todd Young named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($15.3M total receipts) — top: YOUNG VICTORY COMMITTEE II","explanation":"Todd Young appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $15.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: YOUNG VICTORY COMMITTEE II (C00696484, $11.3M receipts, treasurer BROGHAMER, KEVIN). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":15.31,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00696484","name":"YOUNG VICTORY COMMITTEE II","receipts":11311020.69,"treasurer":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696484/"},{"committeeId":"C00621581","name":"YOUNG VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":2949069.15,"treasurer":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00621581/"},{"committeeId":"C00634915","name":"YOUNG HOOSIER VICTORY FUND","receipts":1048200,"treasurer":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634915/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696484/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00696484/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_Y000064","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Todd Young's PAC funding concentrates 81% in Healthcare ($0.23M / $0.29M classified)","explanation":"Todd Young's PAC donors concentrate 81% in the Healthcare industry — $0.23M of $0.29M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Healthcare $0.23M · Finance $0.02M · Technology $0.02M · Telecom $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Healthcare","topAmountM":0.23,"totalPacAmountM":0.29,"concentrationPct":80.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Healthcare":0.23,"Finance":0.02,"Technology":0.02,"Telecom":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6IN00191/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_Y000064","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Todd Young triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Todd Young accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P172_IN_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IN delegation: Todd Young & Jim Banks both flagged on 9 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from IN — Todd Young and Jim Banks — are flagged on the same 9 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P10, P15, P29, P36, P61, P109.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"IN","juniorSenatorBid":"B001299","juniorSenatorName":"Jim Banks","sharedDetectorCount":9,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P10","P15","P29","P36","P61","P109","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/Y000064","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001299"]}],"S001184":[{"id":"P6_S001184_tgpabe","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$14,978,801 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from TRUST IN THE MISSION PAC","explanation":"TRUST IN THE MISSION PAC spent $14,978,801 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 94 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00840546","name":"TRUST IN THE MISSION PAC","support":14978801.310000006,"oppose":0,"events":94}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00840546/"]},{"id":"P6_S001184_tx76zo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,047,774 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC. (also direct donor)","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC. spent $2,047,774 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00750182","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","support":2047773.6999999997,"oppose":0,"events":11},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"GREAT OPPORTUNITY PARTY","total":99964.49}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750182/"]},{"id":"P6_S001184_twnejf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,200,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","explanation":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND spent $1,200,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00760124","name":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","support":1200000,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760124/"]},{"id":"P6_S001184_ucknkh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$371,996 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC","explanation":"LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC spent $371,996 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 274 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00681825","name":"LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC","support":371995.7600000002,"oppose":0,"events":274}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00681825/"]},{"id":"P6_S001184_thpric","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$370,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION spent $370,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00825158","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION","support":370000,"oppose":0,"events":3},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"GREAT OPPORTUNITY PARTY","total":99964.49}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00825158/"]},{"id":"P6_S001184_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$352,893 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $352,893 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":352893.07,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P6_S001184_ugv9ze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$260,728 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELBERT GUILLORY'S AMERICA","explanation":"ELBERT GUILLORY'S AMERICA spent $260,728 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 24 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00607374","name":"ELBERT GUILLORY'S AMERICA","support":260727.84999999998,"oppose":0,"events":24}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00607374/"]},{"id":"P7_S001184_t7eavm","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,329,676 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,329,676 opposing this member across 1226 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5329676.3100000005,"totalSupport":20762715.979999997,"events":1226,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":3867080.7100000004},{"name":"AMERICA FIRST ACTION, INC.","oppose":722215.34},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":665862.4}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001184_uvhimi","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,459 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $51,459 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":51472.3,"oppose":13.53,"net":51458.770000000004,"events":20,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":48639.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1398.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1029.01,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":343.07,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":61.54,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001184_lsattu","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $8,681,313 / spent $7,247,479","explanation":"This member sponsors 18 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00430579","cmteName":"BRAVE PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":54500,"totalDisbursements":54354.2,"cashOnHand":1343.52},{"cmteId":"C00495887","cmteName":"TOMORROW IS MEANINGFUL PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":151330,"totalDisbursements":126374.9,"cashOnHand":24955.06},{"cmteId":"C00430579","cmteName":"BRAVE PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":40000,"totalDisbursements":39026.3,"cashOnHand":2317.27},{"cmteId":"C00430579","cmteName":"BRAVE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":98355,"totalDisbursements":70531.1,"cashOnHand":30141.14},{"cmteId":"C00430579","cmteName":"BRAVE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":283000,"totalDisbursements":271129.8,"cashOnHand":42011.39}],"totalRaised":8681312.9,"totalSpent":7247479.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001184_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"419867 employees of RETIRED gave $18,141,592 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 419867× RETIRED = $18,141,592; 15899× SELF = $2,703,055. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":419867,"total":18141592,"years":["2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":15899,"total":2703055,"years":["2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001184_8jerxl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,500 donation spike on 2011-09-29 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-29 this committee recorded $61,500 across 48 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,956.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476226","date":"2011-09-29","amount":61500,"count":48,"baseline":6956,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476226/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_8jery7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,250 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $54,250 across 55 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,792.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476226","date":"2011-09-30","amount":54250,"count":55,"baseline":8792,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476226/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_1bxa09","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,575,126 donation spike on 2023-05-23 — 20.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-23 this committee recorded $1,575,126 across 1131 contributions — 20.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $77,682.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540302","date":"2023-05-23","amount":1575126,"count":1131,"baseline":77682,"ratio":20.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_g09099","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$981,805 donation spike on 2024-01-11 — 27.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-01-11 this committee recorded $981,805 across 402 contributions — 27.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $35,532.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540302","date":"2024-01-11","amount":981805,"count":402,"baseline":35532,"ratio":27.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_s0unfi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$545,209 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $545,209 across 1444 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $69,218.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540302","date":"2021-06-30","amount":545209,"count":1444,"baseline":69218,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_s0vxf6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$447,632 donation spike on 2021-04-29 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-29 this committee recorded $447,632 across 3394 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $58,835.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540302","date":"2021-04-29","amount":447632,"count":3394,"baseline":58835,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_1bxa08","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$421,144 donation spike on 2023-05-22 — 17.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-22 this committee recorded $421,144 across 743 contributions — 17.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,493.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540302","date":"2023-05-22","amount":421144,"count":743,"baseline":23493,"ratio":17.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_1bxx0k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$372,451 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $372,451 across 564 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $54,360.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540302","date":"2023-06-30","amount":372451,"count":564,"baseline":54360,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_s0wke2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$339,038 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $339,038 across 952 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,099.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540302","date":"2021-03-31","amount":339038,"count":952,"baseline":30099,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/"]},{"id":"P15_S001184_rhqh0u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$243,639 donation spike on 2013-03-29 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-29 this committee recorded $243,639 across 160 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,014.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540302","date":"2013-03-29","amount":243639,"count":160,"baseline":22014,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/"]},{"id":"P19_S001184_coa8cx","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Scott campaign paid $112,842,829 to 34 surname-matched vendors, top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","explanation":"Tim Scott's campaign paid 278 disbursements totaling $112,842,829 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3696650,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3632833.15,"date":"2010-09-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3000000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":2442240,"date":"2022-11-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1931572,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1446494.5,"date":"2022-10-31","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","total":5109955.45,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":1132036.5,"date":"2022-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":934113,"date":"2022-10-07","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":811321.25,"date":"2022-10-03","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","amount":1877202,"date":"2006-10-18","description":"MEDIA BUY EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","amount":1000000,"date":"2025-04-15","description":"SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCOTT%20HOWELL%20%26%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P25_S001184_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"93% of PAC dollars ($9,143,357) come from Party industry","explanation":"Tim Scott receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":9143356.81,"share":93.1,"totalPAC":9820225.4,"pacCount":7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":9143356.81,"share":93.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":390293.24999999994,"share":4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":186610.84999999998,"share":1.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":99964.49,"share":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_S001184_77dpyh","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"WIGGINS STACY E\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00823617","name":"NOVEMBER VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"WIGGINS STACY E"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00823609","name":"GREAT OPPORTUNITY PARTY","treasurer":"WIGGINS STACY E"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00776526","name":"TIM SCOTT VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"WIGGINS STACY E"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001184","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Tim Scott has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":16,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_S001184_CHAIN_BRIDGE_BANK_N_A_","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. $14.9M — vendor also donated $141,627.1","explanation":"Tim Scott's campaign committee paid $14,900,000 to CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $141,627.1 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 105.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A.","total":14900000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20N.A."},{"source":"donor","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK NA","total":141627.09999999998,"count":3,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20NA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20N.A.","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20NA"]},{"id":"P51_S001184_CHAIN_BRIDGE_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid CHAIN BRIDGE BANK $11.3M — vendor also donated $141,627.1","explanation":"Tim Scott's campaign committee paid $11,250,000 to CHAIN BRIDGE BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $141,627.1 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 79.4× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK","total":11250000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK NA","total":141627.09999999998,"count":3,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20NA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20NA"]},{"id":"P54_S001184_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (BA)","explanation":"Tim Scott discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001184_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (XOM)","explanation":"Tim Scott discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_S001184","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$51K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 94% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Tim Scott received $51,472.3 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($48,639.95 = 94%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":51472.3,"oppose":13.53,"byYear":{"2010":10142.23,"2012":758.16,"2014":9748.84,"2018":212.14,"2022":31136.260000000006},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":48639.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1398.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1029.01,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":343.07,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":61.54,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006176/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_S001184","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $1,575,126 on 2023-05-23 (20.3× normal)","explanation":"Tim Scott's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $1,575,126 on 2023-05-23 — 20.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":3560752,"maxRatio":27.6,"maxAmount":1575126},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-05-23","amount":1575126,"ratio":20.3,"baselineDaily":77682,"count":1131,"cmteId":"C00540302","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540302&min_date=2023-05-23&max_date=2023-05-23"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-01-11","amount":981805,"ratio":27.6,"baselineDaily":35532,"count":402,"cmteId":"C00540302","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540302&min_date=2024-01-11&max_date=2024-01-11"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-05-22","amount":421144,"ratio":17.9,"baselineDaily":23493,"count":743,"cmteId":"C00540302","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540302&min_date=2023-05-22&max_date=2023-05-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-31","amount":339038,"ratio":11.3,"baselineDaily":30099,"count":952,"cmteId":"C00540302","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540302&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-03-29","amount":243639,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":22014,"count":160,"cmteId":"C00540302","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540302&min_date=2013-03-29&max_date=2013-03-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540302/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540302&min_date=2023-05-23&max_date=2023-05-23"]},{"id":"P64_S001184_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (BA) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Tim Scott's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — BA — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2025). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31313d73-5cb1-4799-9622-ebbf621712a8/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31313d73-5cb1-4799-9622-ebbf621712a8/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P66_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P66_PFD_RAPID_PORTFOLIO_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Disclosed assets grew 7.0× from 2024 to 2025 ($0.8M → $5.7M)","explanation":"Tim Scott's annual Senate financial disclosures show total disclosed assets grew from $803,014.5 to $5,651,634 between filing year 2024 and filing year 2025 — a 7.0× shift. Major year-over-year portfolio shifts indicate windfalls (inheritance, book deal, IPO, business sale), insider-information-timed gains, or strategic asset reorganization. The journalist's question: what happened that year? Cross-reference with public news, the senator's committee actions, and any amendment filings on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_growth","fromYear":2024,"toYear":2025,"fromTotalAssetMid":803014.5,"toTotalAssetMid":5651634,"ratio":7.04,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P68_S001184","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 5 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.5M","explanation":"Tim Scott's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 5 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $525,001.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: GOOSE CREEK, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); HANAHAN, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL REN (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); SUMMERVILLE, SC Description: Residential (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (50% INTEREST (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --); SPOUSAL BUSINESS Company: MEB, LLC (CHAR (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":5,"totalEstMidpoint":525001.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"GOOSE CREEK, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL RENTAL (GOOSE CREEK, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"},{"name":"HANAHAN, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL RENTAL (HANAHAN, SC) (Hanahan, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"},{"name":"SUMMERVILLE, SC Description: Residential Rental (Summerville, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"},{"name":"RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (50% INTEREST) Company: RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (CHARLESTON, SC) Description: RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"},{"name":"SPOUSAL BUSINESS Company: MEB, LLC (CHARLESTON, SC) Description: REAL ESTATE SALES AND INVESTMENTS","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_S001184","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $1.3M in personal liabilities (23% leverage of assets) — 8 liability items","explanation":"Tim Scott's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,295,003.5 in personal liabilities against $5,651,634 in assets — a 22.9% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.3M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1295003.5,"totalAssetMid":5651634,"leverageRatio":22.9,"liabCount":8,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2013 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 4.25% (20 YEARS) · $15,001 - $50,000 · SOUTH STATE BANK CHARLESTON, SC · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2017 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 4.375% (30 years) · $100,001 - $250,000 · Truist Bank Whiteville, NC · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"3 · 2017 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 4.375% (30 years) · $50,001 - $100,000 · Corporate Mortgage of Capitol Hill Tower Housing Cooperative Washington, DC · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"4 · 2021 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 2.875% (30 years) · $100,001 - $250,000 · Mortgage Equity Partners Charleston, SC · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_S001184","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Partner at RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC CHARLESTON, SC","explanation":"Tim Scott's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC CHARLESTON, SC (Other (LIMITED LIABILITY COMPA).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2005 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC CHARLESTON, SC","entityType":"Other (LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_S001184","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$85,000 in outside earned income — top source: HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW YORK, NY ($$85,000.00)","explanation":"Tim Scott's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $85,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW YORK, NY ($85,000.00, Royalties).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":85000,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW YORK, NY","amount":"$85,000.00","amountNumeric":85000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_S001184","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 reportable gifts disclosed totaling $3,600 — top: William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00)","explanation":"Tim Scott's Senate annual financial disclosures report 2 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $3,600 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00) from Mark Escude Greer, SC; William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00) from Mark Escude Simpsonville, SC.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":2,"totalValue":3600,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"},{"source":"gift","date":"08/03/2024","recipient":"Self","description":"William Henry Knife Set","value":"$1,800.00","giftSource":"Mark Escude Greer, SC","year":2025},{"source":"gift","date":"08/03/2024","recipient":"Self","description":"William Henry Knife Set","value":"$1,800.00","giftSource":"Mark Escude Simpsonville, SC","year":2025}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 26 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including AMZN, BA, SAMT, DVY, IJR, DGRO","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 26 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: AMZN, BA, SAMT, DVY, IJR, DGRO, IDV, RSP, MCVIX, XLK, SUB, MUB.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":26,"newTickers":["AMZN","BA","SAMT","DVY","IJR","DGRO","IDV","RSP","MCVIX","XLK","SUB","MUB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001184","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 39 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tim Scott appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 39 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (10); ie support concentration (7); circular vendor donor (2); pfd holding voted industry (2); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":39,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":10},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001184","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_S001184_2023","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Scott filed 5 amendments to the 2023 Senate annual disclosure — 8 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Tim Scott's Senate eFD record shows 5 amendments to the 2023 report alone, with 8 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2023,"amendmentCount":5,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":8,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 2)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/186efc88-56c5-4dc9-a8b5-68698349055e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0a621967-8fcd-40e6-8482-6f4fd367ab52/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0d52938-3545-477b-8598-daa72ce2805a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fee9e2f4-a385-451d-bd55-cb149f552c3b/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/186efc88-56c5-4dc9-a8b5-68698349055e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0a621967-8fcd-40e6-8482-6f4fd367ab52/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Scott discloses 11 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 11 unascertainable, 15% of 74 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 11 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 11 unascertainable) across 74 total reported assets — 15% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (50% INTEREST) Company: RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (CHARLESTON, SC) Descr (--) · LINCOLN BENEFIT/ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY (--) · CHARLES SCHWAB BROKERAGE ACCT (--) · ALLSTATE BROKERAGE ACCOUNT (--) · BAIRD BROKERAGE/MANAGED ACCOUNT (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":11,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":11,"totalAssets":74,"opaqueRatio":0.149,"samples":[{"asset":"RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (50% INTEREST) Company: RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (CHARLESTON, SC) Descr","value":"--"},{"asset":"LINCOLN BENEFIT/ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY","value":"--"},{"asset":"CHARLES SCHWAB BROKERAGE ACCT","value":"--"},{"asset":"ALLSTATE BROKERAGE ACCOUNT","value":"--"},{"asset":"BAIRD BROKERAGE/MANAGED ACCOUNT","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott discloses 5 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 5 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (50% INTEREST) Company: RIVERTOWN · GOOSE CREEK, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL RENTAL (GOOSE CREEK · HANAHAN, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL RENTAL (HANAHAN, SC) (H · SUMMERVILLE, SC Description: Residential Rental (Summerville.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":5,"properties":[{"name":"RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (50% INTEREST) Company: RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC (CHARLESTON, SC) Description: RE","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"GOOSE CREEK, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL RENTAL (GOOSE CREEK, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"HANAHAN, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL RENTAL (HANAHAN, SC) (Hanahan, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"SUMMERVILLE, SC Description: Residential Rental (Summerville, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"SPOUSAL BUSINESS Company: MEB, LLC (CHARLESTON, SC) Description: REAL ESTATE SALES AND INVESTMENTS","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Scott's 2025 PFD: 42 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (56% of 75 reported assets)","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 42 reported holdings owned by Spouse (42), Joint (0), or Dependent (0) — 56% of 75 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: WELLS FARGO (CHARLESTON, SC) Type: Checking, Savings · Spouse: BAIRD BROKERAGE/MANAGED ACCOUNT · Spouse: BAIRD (MILWAUKEE, WI) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account · Spouse: AMZN - Amazon.com Inc.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":42,"Joint":0,"Dependent":0,"Self":32},"totalAssets":75,"familyShare":0.56,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"WELLS FARGO (CHARLESTON, SC) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"BAIRD BROKERAGE/MANAGED ACCOUNT","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"BAIRD (MILWAUKEE, WI) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com Inc","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"VANGUARD TREASURY MONEY MARKET INVESTOR CL Rate/Coupon: None Matures: None","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_S001184","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Scott's campaign paid $101,711,298 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514)","explanation":"Tim Scott's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 82 payments totaling $101,711,298 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514 across 53 payments, services: MEDIA · ADVERTISING PRODUCTION · PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":101711298.41999999,"paymentCount":82,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"descriptions":["MEDIA","ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA BUY","MEDIA PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","total":965575,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA PLACEMENT"]}],"surname":"scott"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4SC00240&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_S001184","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Scott filed 10 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 150 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Tim Scott has filed 10 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 150 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (150d late, filed 10/12/2020) · 2023 (109d late, filed 09/01/2023) · 2023 (109d late, filed 09/01/2023) · 2023 (109d late, filed 09/01/2023).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":10,"maxDaysLate":150,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"10/12/2020","daysLate":150,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/605b67b4-de45-4194-a430-7810316fba4a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"09/01/2023","daysLate":109,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/186efc88-56c5-4dc9-a8b5-68698349055e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"09/01/2023","daysLate":109,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0a621967-8fcd-40e6-8482-6f4fd367ab52/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 2)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"09/01/2023","daysLate":109,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0d52938-3545-477b-8598-daa72ce2805a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/605b67b4-de45-4194-a430-7810316fba4a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/186efc88-56c5-4dc9-a8b5-68698349055e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0a621967-8fcd-40e6-8482-6f4fd367ab52/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Truist Bank Whiteville,","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 4.375% (30 years) from Truist Bank Whiteville,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.375% (30 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Truist Bank Whiteville, NC","incurred":"2017"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P101_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Scott's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$85,000 disclosed) — top: HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $85,000 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW (Royalties, $85,000.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":85000,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW YORK, NY","amount":"$85,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott holds 2 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), BA ($13.1M)","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $38.0M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · BA ($13.1M, 49 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalLobbyAcrossM":37.97,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"BA","totalLobby":13050000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"BOEING"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — BA (4,364)","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 4,364 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: BA (4,364 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":4364,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","patentCount":4364,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P115_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott holds 1 defense-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD — BA","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: BA ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","asset":"BA - Boeing Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P122_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P122_PFD_AIRLINES_HOLDING_AVIATION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott holds 1 airline / aerospace ticker on 2025 PFD — BA","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in airlines, aerospace, or aviation suppliers (Delta DAL, American AAL, United UAL, Southwest LUV, Alaska ALK, JetBlue JBLU, plus Boeing BA, eVTOL Joby JOBY, Archer ACHR). Airline mergers (JetBlue / Spirit, Alaska / Hawaiian) require DOT and DOJ approval; FAA reauthorization includes pilot training rules, ATC funding, and consumer-protection mandates. Holdings: BA ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_airlines_aviation","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BA","asset":"BA - Boeing Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAviationCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.faa.gov/"]},{"id":"P136_S001184","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Scott ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.6M across 12 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Tim Scott's FEC-bulk record shows $21.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $180.6M (PAC: $21.6M, individual: $148.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.56,"lifetimeReceiptsM":180.63,"lifetimeIndividualM":148.8,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S4SC00240"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4SC00240/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_S001184","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Scott ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $181M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Tim Scott's FEC-bulk record shows $180.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":180.63,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4SC00240"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4SC00240/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P145_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: VANGUARD TREASURY MONEY MARKET","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: VANGUARD TREASURY MONEY MARKET INVESTOR CL Rate/Coupon: None Matures: None ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"VANGUARD TREASURY MONEY MARKET INVESTOR CL Rate/Coupon: None Matures: None","type":"Government Securities US Treasury/Agency Security","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P146_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P146_PFD_TREASURY_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott discloses 1 Treasury / muni-bond position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: VANGUARD TREASURY MONEY MARKET","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 Treasury security, government-agency security, or municipal-bond position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Treasury-heavy portfolios signal conservative wealth preservation but also create direct debt-ceiling exposure: senators voting on debt-limit increases, Treasury auction mechanics, or sovereign-default contingency planning hold the very instruments at issue. The 2023 debt-ceiling crisis and recurring continuing-resolution / shutdown debates demonstrate the policy-volatility risk for senators with concentrated Treasury exposure. Municipal bonds add tax-policy exposure (Section 103 tax-exemption rules, BABs / Build America Bonds, infrastructure-financing bills). Holdings: VANGUARD TREASURY MONEY MARKET INVESTOR CL Rate/Coupon: None Matures: None ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_treasury_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"VANGUARD TREASURY MONEY MARKET INVESTOR CL Rate/Coupon: None Matures: None","type":"Government Securities US Treasury/Agency Security","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/","https://www.budget.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P148_S001184","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Scott's PAC funding concentrates 58% in Technology ($0.39M / $0.68M classified)","explanation":"Tim Scott's PAC donors concentrate 58% in the Technology industry — $0.39M of $0.68M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.39M · Finance $0.19M · Labor $0.10M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.39,"totalPacAmountM":0.68,"concentrationPct":57.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.39,"Finance":0.19,"Labor":0.1}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4SC00240/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001184","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Scott triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 40 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tim Scott accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 40 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":40}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S001184","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Scott triggers 41 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Tim Scott accumulates findings across 41 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 41 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":41,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P27","P36","P51","P54","P58","P62","P64","P66","P68","P69","P70","P71","P72","P74","P78","P82","P83","P84","P87","P90","P93","P96"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_S001184","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott operates leadership PACs with $8.7M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: BRAVE PAC","explanation":"Tim Scott operates 3 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $8.7M and disbursements of $7.2M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: BRAVE PAC (C00430579). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":8.68,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.25,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":3,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00430579","cmteName":"BRAVE PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00495887","cmteName":"TOMORROW IS MEANINGFUL PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00827519","cmteName":"TOMORROW IS MEANINGFUL PAC - FEDERAL"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00430579/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_S001184","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Scott operates 3 distinct leadership PACs ($8.7M combined receipts)","explanation":"Tim Scott operates 3 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $8.7M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: BRAVE PAC (C00430579) · TOMORROW IS MEANINGFUL PAC (C00495887) · TOMORROW IS MEANINGFUL PAC - FEDERAL (C00827519).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.68,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00430579","cmteName":"BRAVE PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00495887","cmteName":"TOMORROW IS MEANINGFUL PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00827519","cmteName":"TOMORROW IS MEANINGFUL PAC - FEDERAL"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00430579/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495887/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00827519/"]},{"id":"P153_S001184","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott's leadership PACs disbursed $7.2M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Tim Scott's leadership PACs disbursed $7.2M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: BRAVE PAC (C00430579).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.25,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":3,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00430579","cmteName":"BRAVE PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00430579/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P154_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P154_PFD_LARGE_GIFT_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott's 2025 PFD discloses 2 large gifts ≥$1,000 — top: William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00) from Mark Escude Greer, SC","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure Part 5 reports 2 individually-disclosed gifts valued at $1,000 or more (combined approximate value: $3,600). Senate ethics rules permit gifts under specific exceptions (close family / personal friendship, widely-attended events, modest food and refreshments below $50) but explicitly prohibit gifts from registered lobbyists and from foreign governments. Large individually-reported gifts warrant cross-reference: who is the giver, what is their relationship to the senator, what business interests do they have before the senator's committee, and does the gift fall within an enumerated exception or did the senator obtain a specific Senate Ethics waiver? Recent gifts: William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00) from Mark Escude Greer, SC on 08/03/2024 · William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00) from Mark Escude Simpsonville, SC on 08/03/2024.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_gift","year":"2025","count":2,"totalValue":3600,"gifts":[{"date":"08/03/2024","gift":"William Henry Knife Set","value":"$1,800.00","from":"Mark Escude Greer, SC"},{"date":"08/03/2024","gift":"William Henry Knife Set","value":"$1,800.00","from":"Mark Escude Simpsonville, SC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P156_S001184","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott's PFD earned income grew 2.2× year-over-year — 2021 $85K → 2022 $184K","explanation":"Tim Scott's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $85,000 in 2021 to $184,167 in 2022 — a 2.2× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2021","priorIncome":85000,"latestYear":"2022","latestIncome":184167,"growthFactor":2.17,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/383d5d69-3b2a-49ba-a57d-eba2e97726b3/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/02da7f90-cff8-44be-9862-dcd8082b16e5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/02da7f90-cff8-44be-9862-dcd8082b16e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/383d5d69-3b2a-49ba-a57d-eba2e97726b3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_SC_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SC delegation: Tim Scott & Lindsey Graham both flagged on 18 shared detector types (10 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from SC — Tim Scott and Lindsey Graham — are flagged on the same 18 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 10 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P14, P15, P19, P25.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"SC","otherSenatorBid":"G000359","otherSenatorName":"Lindsey Graham","sharedDetectorCount":18,"sharedHighCount":10,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P36","P58","P62","P74","P82","P90","P93","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001184","https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000359"]},{"id":"P193_S001184_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Scott — 34 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Tim Scott's 2025 Senate PFD shows 34 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":34,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_S001184","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Scott — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($90.3M)","explanation":"Tim Scott is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $90.3M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":90314219,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4SC00240/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000393":[{"id":"P6_K000393_ths9a2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$12,871,547 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Values 2024","explanation":"American Values 2024 spent $12,871,547 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 292 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00821439","name":"American Values 2024","support":12871547.440000001,"oppose":0,"events":292}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00821439/"]},{"id":"P6_K000393_tx6h88","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,449,383 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from New Leadership PAC","explanation":"New Leadership PAC spent $3,449,383 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00751503","name":"New Leadership PAC","support":3449382.85,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00751503/"]},{"id":"P6_K000393_tey39i","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$759,904 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Retire Career Politicians","explanation":"Retire Career Politicians spent $759,904 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00876482","name":"Retire Career Politicians","support":759904.12,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00876482/"]},{"id":"P6_K000393_vaise1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$524,493 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ESAFund","explanation":"ESAFund spent $524,493 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489856","name":"ESAFund","support":524493.3300000001,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489856/"]},{"id":"P6_K000393_d0ozju","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$300,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from IBEW 103","explanation":"IBEW 103 spent $300,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90017864","name":"IBEW 103","support":300000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90017864/"]},{"id":"P7_K000393_vkepr7","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $12,222,874 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $12,222,874 opposing this member across 616 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":12222874.409999996,"totalSupport":18511339.739999995,"events":616,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SAG PAC INC.","oppose":6987848.029999998},{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3718959.33},{"name":"LOUISIANA PROSPERITY FUND","oppose":319500},{"name":"Defend Louisiana PAC","oppose":263675.65},{"name":"NRDC Action Fund Inc.","oppose":238000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000393_attqkj","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,674 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $60,674 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":60674.1,"oppose":0,"net":60674.1,"events":23,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":30072.27,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":13037,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":10200.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":3443.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":3026.05,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000393_8vi9wn","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $18,179,997 / spent $16,912,780","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00634774","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":340976.4,"totalDisbursements":190142.5,"cashOnHand":150833.92},{"cmteId":"C00634774","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":401125.8,"totalDisbursements":491011.3,"cashOnHand":60948.37},{"cmteId":"C00634774","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":377129,"totalDisbursements":381380.6,"cashOnHand":56696.82},{"cmteId":"C00829879","cmteName":"ADOS REPUBLICAN","year":"2022","totalReceipts":100,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":100},{"cmteId":"C00634774","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":9811520.8,"totalDisbursements":9313630.7,"cashOnHand":554586.93}],"totalRaised":18179996.6,"totalSpent":16912780.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_K000393_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21637 employees of RETIRED gave $3,640,039 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 21637× RETIRED = $3,640,039. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":21637,"total":3640039,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000393_szp52p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,191 donation spike on 2025-10-06 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-06 this committee recorded $61,191 across 241 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,747.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634774","date":"2025-10-06","amount":61191,"count":241,"baseline":7747,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634774/"]},{"id":"P15_K000393_rck11k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,392 donation spike on 2024-05-17 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-17 this committee recorded $59,392 across 194 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,700.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634774","date":"2024-05-17","amount":59392,"count":194,"baseline":8700,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634774/"]},{"id":"P15_K000393_szp52t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,806 donation spike on 2025-10-02 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-02 this committee recorded $53,806 across 254 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,131.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634774","date":"2025-10-02","amount":53806,"count":254,"baseline":5131,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634774/"]},{"id":"P19_K000393_i3e7a2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy campaign paid $11,210,189 to 35 surname-matched vendors, top: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's campaign paid 180 disbursements totaling $11,210,189 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","total":3215833.6,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":150000,"date":"2025-10-08","description":"INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":149574,"date":"2026-01-09","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":140976,"date":"2005-12-09","description":"HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-06-30","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","total":800000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","amount":800000,"date":"2018-05-14","description":"COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","total":799039.8399999999,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":173718.61,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":164184.07,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":149061.15,"date":"2024-10-04","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","total":661562,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":197784,"date":"2010-04-01","description":"MAILING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2008-06-02","description":"INVOICE- COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":87000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"MAILPIECE","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","total":600000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","amount":600000,"date":"2018-05-22","description":"NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KENNEDY%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P36_K000393","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_K000393_MTUM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MTUM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy disclosed an asset position in $MTUM on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MTUM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MTUM","assetName":"MTUM - iShares Edge MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd92b686-54af-4ebf-b1ce-e7a4ac71fb95/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MTUM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-11"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd92b686-54af-4ebf-b1ce-e7a4ac71fb95/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_K000393_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 2 Energy stocks (XOM, OXY)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM, OXY) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","OXY"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_K000393","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$61K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 50% from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATI","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy received $60,674.1 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION ($30,072.27 = 50%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":60674.1,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":15357.69,"2014":139.5,"2016":30072.27,"2020":4904.35,"2022":10627.03},"corpCount":11},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":30072.27,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":13037,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":10200.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":3443.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":3026.05,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_K000393","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $92,400","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy received campaign contributions totaling $92,400 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ASSOCIATION OF UNITED STATES POSTAL LESSORS ($60,000); THE MARY ELIZABETH AND GORDON B. MANNWEILER FOUNDA ($17,400); JONES WALKER LLP (ON BEHALF OF CITY OF WEST MEMPHI ($5,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($5,000); SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":92400,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED STATES POSTAL OFFICE","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATION OF UNITED STATES POSTAL LESSORS","donorTotal":60000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REITERMAN, MARY ELIZABETH","ldaClient":"THE MARY ELIZABETH AND GORDON B. MANNWEILER FOUNDATION, INC.","donorTotal":17400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"JONES WALKER L.L.P.","ldaClient":"JONES WALKER LLP (ON BEHALF OF CITY OF WEST MEMPHIS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","ldaClient":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_K000393","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $245,426 on 2021-09-09 (14.4× normal)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $245,426 on 2021-09-09 — 14.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":245426,"maxRatio":14.4,"maxAmount":245426},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-09-09","amount":245426,"ratio":14.4,"baselineDaily":16991,"count":224,"cmteId":"C00608398","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00608398&min_date=2021-09-09&max_date=2021-09-09"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608398/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00608398&min_date=2021-09-09&max_date=2021-09-09"]},{"id":"P63_K000393","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 105 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 105 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): ILCB, IVV, VOO, MRK, QQQ, SCHF, BKTSX, RWJ, USMV, IP, XOM, HWM, RSPH, PRU, JNPR, … (90 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":105,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["ILCB","IVV","VOO","MRK","QQQ","SCHF","BKTSX","RWJ","USMV","IP","XOM","HWM","RSPH","PRU","JNPR","JPM","SNX","CNXC","VTI","MUTHX","WAEMX","SWVXX","FFRHX","SMIN","NEAGX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_K000393_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Energy stocks (XOM, OXY) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Energy stocks — XOM, OXY — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2016). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","OXY"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2016","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5e7b858b-76cb-4e85-9807-cf586fcae512/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5e7b858b-76cb-4e85-9807-cf586fcae512/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P68_K000393","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 13 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$2.0M","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 13 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $1,975,004. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: 89 Fort Panic Road, Santa Rosa Beach, Fl (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); 3150 Church Street, Zachary, LA 70791 De (Real Estate Commercial, $250,001 - $500,000); 5005 Main St Description: 5005 Main Stre (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000); 5037 Main St. Description: 5037 Main Str (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000); Undiv. 1/3 int., 4140 Hwy. 19, Zachary,  (Real Estate Commercial, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":13,"totalEstMidpoint":1975004,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"89 Fort Panic Road, Santa Rosa Beach, Florida 32459 Description: 89 Fort Panic Road (Santa Rosa Beach, Florida) Filer comment: Rental house; this represents gross rent (wife's share)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"},{"name":"3150 Church Street, Zachary, LA 70791 Description: 3150 Church Street (Zachary, Louisiana)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"},{"name":"5005 Main St Description: 5005 Main Street (Zachary, Louisiana) Filer comment: Commercial office space; this is gross rent (John Kennedy share)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"},{"name":"5037 Main St. Description: 5037 Main Street ( (Zachary, Louisiana) Filer comment: Commercial office space; this represents gross (John Kennedy share)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"},{"name":"Undiv. 1/3 int., 4140 Hwy. 19, Zachary, LA Description: Undiv. 1/3 int., 4140 Hwy. 19, Zachary, LA (Zachary, LA) Filer comment: Commercial office/business space; gross rent (John Kennedy share)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_K000393","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 5 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (President) at John Neely Kennedy APLC Madisonville, Louisiana","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 5 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (President) at John Neely Kennedy APLC Madisonville, Louisiana (Corporation); Other (President) at The Oxvirvand Corporation Madisonville, Louisiana (Corporation); Other (President) at The Presken Corporation Madisonville, Louisiana (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":5,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 1993 to present","role":"Other (President)","entity":"John Neely Kennedy APLC Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 1984 to present","role":"Other (President)","entity":"The Oxvirvand Corporation Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 1985 to present","role":"Other (President)","entity":"The Presken Corporation Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 1998 to present","role":"Other (Vice-President)","entity":"North Parish Development Corporation Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 1980 to present","role":"Other (President)","entity":"Allied Builders Supply Inc. Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_K000393","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$65,230.32 in outside earned income — top source: HarperCollins Publishing LLC New York, NY ($$60,000.00)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $65,230.32 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: HarperCollins Publishing LLC New York, NY ($60,000.00, Royalties (Book Advance)); Charles Schwab IRA Rollover Westlake, TX ($5,230.32, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":65230.32,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties (Book Advance)","source":"HarperCollins Publishing LLC New York, NY","amount":"$60,000.00","amountNumeric":60000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"Charles Schwab IRA Rollover Westlake, TX","amount":"$5,230.32","amountNumeric":5230.32}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_K000393_2018","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 10 new ticker holdings in 2018 not present in prior PFD filings — including TBLIX, VTWG, EZU, VXUS, RUBI, SKYW","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 10 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: TBLIX, VTWG, EZU, VXUS, RUBI, SKYW, SWKS, BKTSX, MTUM, TESIX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2018,"count":10,"newTickers":["TBLIX","VTWG","EZU","VXUS","RUBI","SKYW","SWKS","BKTSX","MTUM","TESIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd83c04e-01fa-49bd-b8f1-7a408342524d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bd83c04e-01fa-49bd-b8f1-7a408342524d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_K000393","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: India","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — India. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: India → SMIN - Ishares MSCI India Small Cap ETF ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":1,"countries":["India"],"byCountry":{"India":[{"assetName":"SMIN - Ishares MSCI India Small Cap ETF","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_K000393","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 26 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 26 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (5); daily donation spike (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":26,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000393","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_K000393_2019","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 66 ticker holdings between 2018 and 2019 — including DODGX, SCHM, PDP, PARWX, DODFX, GNC","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 66 ticker holdings present in the 2018 filing but absent in 2019. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: DODGX, SCHM, PDP, PARWX, DODFX, GNC, CVG, VTI, TTFS, DHI, VDE, VT.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2018,2019],"count":66,"divestedTickers":["DODGX","SCHM","PDP","PARWX","DODFX","GNC","CVG","VTI","TTFS","DHI","VDE","VT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8d75dff7-9efa-4bc6-8f61-b69de267beaa/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8d75dff7-9efa-4bc6-8f61-b69de267beaa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy discloses 5 private-company / restricted stock positions — John Neely Kennedy, APLC Company: John Neely Kennedy, APLC (Madisonville, LA) De…","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 5 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 5 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: John Neely Kennedy, APLC Company: John Neely Kennedy, APLC ( · Allied Builders Supply, Inc. Company: Allied Builders Supply.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":5,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"John Neely Kennedy, APLC Company: John Neely Kennedy, APLC (Madisonville, LA) Description: John Neely Kennedy, APLC Filer comment: A profess","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Allied Builders Supply, Inc. Company: Allied Builders Supply, Inc. (Madisonville, LA) Description: Allied Builders Supply, Inc. Filer commen","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"The Presken Corporation Company: The Presken Corporation (Madisonville, LA) Description: Investment Holding Company Filer comment: 1/3 inter","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"North Parish Development Corporation Company: North Parish Development Corporation (Madisonville, LA) Description: North Parish Development ","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_K000393_2023","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy filed 10 amendments to the 2023 Senate annual disclosure — 26 total amendments across 5 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John Neely Kennedy's Senate eFD record shows 10 amendments to the 2023 report alone, with 26 amendments across 5 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2023,"amendmentCount":10,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":26,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":5,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 4)","Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 3)","Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd92b686-54af-4ebf-b1ce-e7a4ac71fb95/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/12322c78-e02e-4d3f-b456-45361266063f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/582b56d5-6e4a-49d2-9074-3527ccf2d023/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c13d697c-5f6c-47f4-a067-d4c172b830b5/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd92b686-54af-4ebf-b1ce-e7a4ac71fb95/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/12322c78-e02e-4d3f-b456-45361266063f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy discloses 18 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 18 unascertainable, 13% of 134 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 18 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 18 unascertainable) across 134 total reported assets — 13% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: First Louisiana Investment Properties LLC - JK has 1/3 interest Company: First Louisiana Investment  (--) · APK Minerals LLC - JK has 1/3 interest Company: APK Minerals LLC (Olympia, Washington) Description:  (--) · Louisiana Public Employees Deferred Compensation Plan (--) · Charles Schwab PCRA Brokerage Account (--) · Charles Schwab IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":18,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":18,"totalAssets":134,"opaqueRatio":0.134,"samples":[{"asset":"First Louisiana Investment Properties LLC - JK has 1/3 interest Company: First Louisiana Investment ","value":"--"},{"asset":"APK Minerals LLC - JK has 1/3 interest Company: APK Minerals LLC (Olympia, Washington) Description: ","value":"--"},{"asset":"Louisiana Public Employees Deferred Compensation Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Charles Schwab PCRA Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Charles Schwab IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy discloses 36 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 36 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: 5005 Main St Description: 5005 Main Street (Zachary, Louisia · 4312 Marshall Street Description: 4312 Marshall Street (Zach · 5037 Main St. Description: 5037 Main Street ( (Zachary, Loui · 3150 Church Street, Zachary, LA 70791 Description: 3150 Chur.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":36,"properties":[{"name":"5005 Main St Description: 5005 Main Street (Zachary, Louisiana) Filer comment: Commercial office space; this i","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"4312 Marshall Street Description: 4312 Marshall Street (Zachary, LA)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"5037 Main St. Description: 5037 Main Street ( (Zachary, Louisiana) Filer comment: Commercial office space; thi","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"3150 Church Street, Zachary, LA 70791 Description: 3150 Church Street (Zachary, Louisiana)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"1520 Main Street, Baker LA Description: 1520 Main Street, Baker, LA (Baker, LA)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"102 acres, Church Street Description: 102 acres, Zachary, LA (Zachary, LA) Filer comment: Rent for cattle-rais","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Lot A, Zachary Heights, Zachary, LA Description: Lot A, Zachary Heights, Zachary, LA (Zachary, LA)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Lot 3, 38th St. Zachary, LA Description: Lot 3, 38th St. Zachary, LA (Zachary, LA)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 PFD: 20 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (15% of 135 reported assets)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 20 reported holdings owned by Spouse (19), Joint (1), or Dependent (0) — 15% of 135 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Charles Schwab IRA · Spouse: ILCB - Mstar Large-Cap Ishares ETF · Spouse: USMV - iShares MSCI USA Min Vol Factor ETF · Spouse: QQQ - Nasdaq QQQ Invesco ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":19,"Joint":1,"Dependent":0,"Self":114},"totalAssets":135,"familyShare":0.148,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Charles Schwab IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"ILCB - Mstar Large-Cap Ishares ETF","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"USMV - iShares MSCI USA Min Vol Factor ETF","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"QQQ - Nasdaq QQQ Invesco ETF","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Charles Schwab Brokerage Account","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"102 acres, Church Street Description: 102 acres, Zachary, LA (Zachary, LA) Filer comment: Rent for c","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_K000393","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's campaign paid $6,463,178 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS ($3,215,834)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 41 payments totaling $6,463,178 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS ($3,215,834 across 31 payments, services: INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER · DIRECT MAIL · HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6463178.3,"paymentCount":41,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","total":3215833.6,"count":31,"descriptions":["INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER","DIRECT MAIL","HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING"]},{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE DONATION"]},{"payee":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","total":800000,"count":1,"descriptions":["COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","total":600000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"MARK KENNEDY '06","total":275087.56,"count":1,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET PROCEEDS"]}],"surname":"kennedy"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4LA00065&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy (Louisiana) discloses 5 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Mississippi (4)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy represents Louisiana but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 5 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Louisiana (30 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Mississippi: 4 · Florida: 1. Sample: Minerals, Wilkinson & Amite County, MS Description: Minerals (Wilkinson, Amite County, Mississippi) (Mississippi) · 89 Fort Panic Road, Santa Rosa Beach, Florida 32459 Description: 89 Fort Panic Road (Santa Rosa Beac (Florida) · Undiv. 1/3 int., 57 acres, Centreville, MS Description: Undiv. 1/3 int., 57 acres, Centreville, MS ( (Mississippi).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Louisiana","inStateCount":30,"outOfStateCount":5,"byState":{"MS":4,"FL":1},"samples":[{"name":"Minerals, Wilkinson & Amite County, MS Description: Minerals (Wilkinson, Amite County, Mississippi)","type":"Real Estate Mineral Rights","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"MS"},{"name":"89 Fort Panic Road, Santa Rosa Beach, Florida 32459 Description: 89 Fort Panic Road (Santa Rosa Beac","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"FL"},{"name":"Undiv. 1/3 int., 57 acres, Centreville, MS Description: Undiv. 1/3 int., 57 acres, Centreville, MS (","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"MS"},{"name":"Undiv. 1/3 int., lot, Centreville, MS Description: Undiv. 1/3 int., lot, Centreville, MS (Centrevill","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"MS"},{"name":"Undiv. 1/3 int., lot, Centreville, MS Description: Undiv. 1/3 int., lot, Centreville, MS (Centrevill","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"MS"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_K000393","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy filed 26 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 211 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. John Neely Kennedy has filed 26 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 211 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2023 (211d late, filed 12/12/2023) · 2023 (211d late, filed 12/12/2023) · 2023 (211d late, filed 12/12/2023) · 2023 (211d late, filed 12/12/2023).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":26,"maxDaysLate":211,"samples":[{"year":2023,"filingDate":"12/12/2023","daysLate":211,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd92b686-54af-4ebf-b1ce-e7a4ac71fb95/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 4)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"12/12/2023","daysLate":211,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/12322c78-e02e-4d3f-b456-45361266063f/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 3)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"12/12/2023","daysLate":211,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/582b56d5-6e4a-49d2-9074-3527ccf2d023/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 2)"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"12/12/2023","daysLate":211,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c13d697c-5f6c-47f4-a067-d4c172b830b5/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd92b686-54af-4ebf-b1ce-e7a4ac71fb95/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/12322c78-e02e-4d3f-b456-45361266063f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/582b56d5-6e4a-49d2-9074-3527ccf2d023/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P101_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$60,000 disclosed) — top: HarperCollins Publishing LLC New","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $60,000 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: HarperCollins Publishing LLC New (Royalties (Book Advance), $60,000.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":60000,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties (Book Advance)","payer":"HarperCollins Publishing LLC New York, NY","amount":"$60,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P103_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy holds 5 for-profit officer/director roles on 2025 PFD — top: Other (President) · John Neely Kennedy APLC","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 5 active officer or director roles in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Other (President) · John Neely Kennedy APLC (Corporation) · Other (President) · The Oxvirvand Corporation Madisonville, (Corporation) · Other (President) · The Presken Corporation Madisonville, (Corporation) · Other (Vice-President) · North Parish Development Corporation (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":5,"roles":[{"position":"Other (President)","entity":"John Neely Kennedy APLC Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 1993 to present"},{"position":"Other (President)","entity":"The Oxvirvand Corporation Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 1984 to present"},{"position":"Other (President)","entity":"The Presken Corporation Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 1985 to present"},{"position":"Other (Vice-President)","entity":"North Parish Development Corporation Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 1998 to present"},{"position":"Other (President)","entity":"Allied Builders Supply Inc. Madisonville, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 1980 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 PFD lists 13 entities bearing the surname \"Kennedy\" — top: 5005 Main St Description: 5005","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 13 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Kennedy\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: 5005 Main St Description: 5005 (asset) · 5037 Main St. Description: 5037 (asset) · 102 acres, Church Street Description: (asset) · A.P. Kennedy Family Securities LLC (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Kennedy","count":13,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"5005 Main St Description: 5005 Main Street (Zachary, Louisiana) Filer comment: Commercial office spa","type":"Real Estate Commercial"},{"source":"asset","entry":"5037 Main St. Description: 5037 Main Street ( (Zachary, Louisiana) Filer comment: Commercial office ","type":"Real Estate Commercial"},{"source":"asset","entry":"102 acres, Church Street Description: 102 acres, Zachary, LA (Zachary, LA) Filer comment: Rent for c","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land"},{"source":"asset","entry":"A.P. Kennedy Family Securities LLC - JK has 1/3 interest Company: A.P. Kennedy Family Securities LLC","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Undiv. 1/3 int., 4140 Hwy. 19, Zachary, LA Description: Undiv. 1/3 int., 4140 Hwy. 19, Zachary, LA (","type":"Real Estate Commercial"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Undiv. 1/2 interest, 26 Del Oaks, Madisonville, LA Description: 26 Del Oaks, Madisonville, LA (Madis","type":"Real Estate Residential"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy holds 4 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — MRK ($19.8M), XOM ($9.4M), JPM ($6.0M)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $38.7M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: MRK ($19.8M, 49 filings) · XOM ($9.4M, 31 filings) · JPM ($6.0M, 41 filings) · PRU ($3.5M, 34 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":4,"totalLobbyAcrossM":38.69,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","totalLobby":19810000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO. INC."},{"ticker":"XOM","totalLobby":9370000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"JPM","totalLobby":6050000,"recordCount":41,"topClient":"JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"},{"ticker":"PRU","totalLobby":3462332,"recordCount":34,"topClient":"PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — JNPR (1,077)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 1,077 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: JNPR (1,077 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":1077,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JNPR","patentCount":1077,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $361M) — top: MRK ($361.3M)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $361M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: MRK ($361.3M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":361.34,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","total":361340129.54,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P118_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — PRU","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: PRU ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PRU","asset":"PRU - Prudential Financial, Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P120_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy holds 1 major US bank ticker on 2025 PFD — JPM","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: JPM ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JPMorgan Chase & Co.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy holds 1 oil/gas ticker on 2025 PFD — XOM","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: XOM ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"XOM","asset":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — MRK","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: MRK (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","asset":"MRK - Merck & Co","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P135_K000393","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's earliest disclosed PFD (2016) shows $10.0M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2016) shows total assets of $10.0M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 203; earned-income on first filing: $148,763.28.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2016","totalAssetMid":10031746.5,"assetCount":203,"earnedIncome":148763.28,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/eaf55856-908d-449f-82d0-9973db451bc9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/eaf55856-908d-449f-82d0-9973db451bc9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_K000393","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $158M across 16 cycles","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's FEC-bulk record shows $157.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":157.53,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4LA00065"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4LA00065/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_K000393","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($1.04M / $1.04M classified)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $1.04M of $1.04M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $1.04M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":1.04,"totalPacAmountM":1.04,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":1.04}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4LA00065/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_K000393","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy triggers 21 HIGH-severity findings across 44 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy accumulates 21 HIGH-severity findings across 44 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":21,"distinctDetectorTypes":44}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_K000393","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy triggers 45 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy accumulates findings across 45 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 45 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":45,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P36","P53","P54","P58","P61","P62","P63","P64","P68","P70","P71","P74","P77","P78","P79","P81","P82","P83","P84","P87","P88","P90","P91"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_K000393","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy operates leadership PACs with $18.2M lifetime receipts (5 cycles) — top: COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy operates 3 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $18.2M and disbursements of $16.9M across 5 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC (C00634774). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":18.18,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":16.91,"yearsCovered":5,"distinctPACs":3,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00634774","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00829879","cmteName":"ADOS REPUBLICAN"},{"cmteId":"C00894824","cmteName":"PELICAN VALUES PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634774/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_K000393","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy operates 3 distinct leadership PACs ($18.2M combined receipts)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy operates 3 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $18.2M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC (C00634774) · ADOS REPUBLICAN (C00829879) · PELICAN VALUES PAC (C00894824).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.18,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00634774","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00829879","cmteName":"ADOS REPUBLICAN"},{"cmteId":"C00894824","cmteName":"PELICAN VALUES PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634774/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00829879/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00894824/"]},{"id":"P153_K000393","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's leadership PACs disbursed $16.9M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's leadership PACs disbursed $16.9M across 5 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC (C00634774).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":16.91,"yearsCovered":5,"distinctPACs":3,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00634774","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634774/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_K000393","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 652 sponsored, 1,126 cosponsored","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's congress.gov record shows 652 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":652,"cosponsoredCount":1126,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/john-kennedy/K000393","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P160_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 PFD shows 5 broad-market index funds (17% of 30 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 of 30 ticker holdings (17%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: IVV, VOO, VTI, IJH, VWO.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":5,"totalTickers":30,"ratio":0.17,"broadTickers":["IVV","VOO","VTI","IJH","VWO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_LA_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"LA delegation: John Neely Kennedy & Bill Cassidy both flagged on 21 shared detector types (9 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from LA — John Neely Kennedy and Bill Cassidy — are flagged on the same 21 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 9 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P14, P15, P19, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"LA","otherSenatorBid":"C001075","otherSenatorName":"Bill Cassidy","sharedDetectorCount":21,"sharedHighCount":9,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P36","P53","P54","P58","P62","P63","P64","P71","P74"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000393","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001075"]},{"id":"P193_K000393_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Neely Kennedy — 52 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy's 2025 Senate PFD shows 52 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":52,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/28a081b6-68fd-4bae-a44b-0a5462dd04a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_K000393","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Neely Kennedy — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($78.8M)","explanation":"John Neely Kennedy is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $78.8M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":78802619,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4LA00065/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001184":[{"id":"P6_M001184_ue47bx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,169,813 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Freedom Political Action Committ","explanation":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee spent $1,169,813 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00657866","name":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee","support":1169813.1800000002,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657866/"]},{"id":"P6_M001184_t1602u","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,006,986 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Kentucky First PAC","explanation":"Kentucky First PAC spent $1,006,986 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00918227","name":"Kentucky First PAC","support":1006986,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00918227/"]},{"id":"P6_M001184_uxeykh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$585,420 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LIBERTY FOR ALL SUPER PAC","explanation":"LIBERTY FOR ALL SUPER PAC spent $585,420 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00514653","name":"LIBERTY FOR ALL SUPER PAC","support":585419.5,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00514653/"]},{"id":"P6_M001184_tya5b5","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$518,205 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Make Liberty Win (also direct donor)","explanation":"Make Liberty Win spent $518,205 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00731133","name":"Make Liberty Win","support":518205,"oppose":0,"events":2},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"MAKE LIBERTY WIN","total":3300}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00731133/"]},{"id":"P6_M001184_typfe1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$450,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEATING COMMUNISM PAC","explanation":"DEFEATING COMMUNISM PAC spent $450,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00728386","name":"DEFEATING COMMUNISM PAC","support":450000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00728386/"]},{"id":"P7_M001184_r3b6sl","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,263,824 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,263,824 opposing this member across 147 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7263823.89,"totalSupport":4213728.5600000005,"events":147,"topAttackers":[{"name":"RJC Victory Fund","oppose":3232620.88},{"name":"MAGA KY","oppose":2294306},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":574755.5},{"name":"RIGHT WAY SUPERPAC","oppose":344972.43},{"name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","oppose":319783.3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001184_jy6tid","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$23,048 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $23,048 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":23048.469999999998,"oppose":0,"net":23048.469999999998,"events":5,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":22349.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":698.87,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001184_28ra99","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $673,921 / spent $617,437","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00563429","cmteName":"MAKING A SENSIBLE SHIFT IN ELECTIONS PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":62735,"totalDisbursements":56112.3,"cashOnHand":6622.68},{"cmteId":"C00563429","cmteName":"MAKING A SENSIBLE SHIFT IN ELECTIONS PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":60900,"totalDisbursements":62180.1,"cashOnHand":5342.55},{"cmteId":"C00563429","cmteName":"MAKING A SENSIBLE SHIFT IN ELECTIONS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":38380,"totalDisbursements":42225.6,"cashOnHand":1496.96},{"cmteId":"C00563429","cmteName":"MAKING A SENSIBLE SHIFT IN ELECTIONS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":70675,"totalDisbursements":55449.3,"cashOnHand":16722.65},{"cmteId":"C00563429","cmteName":"MAKING A SENSIBLE SHIFT IN ELECTIONS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":142600,"totalDisbursements":157320.5,"cashOnHand":2002.18}],"totalRaised":673920.8,"totalSpent":617436.6000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001184_mlsvix","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $5,712,989 in itemized individual contributions, $3,999,398 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5712989,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-402381,"$200.01-$499":517419,"$500-$999":650018,"$1000-$1999":948535,"$2000 and over":3999398},"megaShare":70,"smallDonorShare":-7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001184_cazu1k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,357 donation spike on 2025-03-11 — 15.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-11 this committee recorded $80,357 across 108 contributions — 15.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,058.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509729","date":"2025-03-11","amount":80357,"count":108,"baseline":5058,"ratio":15.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509729/"]},{"id":"P15_M001184_caxx1a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,353 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $80,353 across 110 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,463.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509729","date":"2025-06-30","amount":80353,"count":110,"baseline":9463,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509729/"]},{"id":"P15_M001184_env74v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,349 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $60,349 across 92 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,079.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509729","date":"2020-03-31","amount":60349,"count":92,"baseline":10079,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509729/"]},{"id":"P18_M001184_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas Massie executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2020-07-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Snapper-Grouper Resources of the South Atlantic; 2020 Re","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-06-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001184_7othu7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas Massie campaign paid $922,625 to 8 surname-matched vendors, top: BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Thomas Massie's campaign paid 90 disbursements totaling $922,625 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","total":638179.14,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":19920.56,"date":"2016-07-05","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":19575.12,"date":"2014-01-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":17415,"date":"2010-11-30","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MASSIE, THOMAS H.","total":142821.03,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MASSIE, THOMAS H.","amount":30000,"date":"2013-01-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"massie","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MASSIE, THOMAS H.","amount":25000,"date":"2012-07-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"massie","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MASSIE, THOMAS H.","amount":25000,"date":"2013-04-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"massie","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","total":63943.29,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":9250,"date":"2025-10-22","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":7658.45,"date":"2025-05-08","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":7261.18,"date":"2025-10-03","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","total":53686.11,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","amount":53686.11,"date":"2009-02-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER CONULTING LLC","total":7585.31,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONULTING LLC","amount":7585.31,"date":"2016-11-08","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"D. MASSIE, ROBERT","total":6000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"D. MASSIE, ROBERT","amount":6000,"date":"2007-04-20","description":"IN-KIND - VOTER FILE ENHANCEMENT","surnameMatched":"massie","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BROGHAMER%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P29_M001184_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with KY R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MASSIE, Thomas voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":408,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"To direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from Venezuela that have not"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":402,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001184","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Thomas Massie has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_M001184_TSLA_20200714","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas Massie sell $TSLA 7 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-07-21","adsh":"0001771364-20-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_M001184","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $20,000","explanation":"Thomas Massie received campaign contributions totaling $20,000 from 3 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); PAUL, WEISS, RIFKIND, WHARTON & GARRISON LLP ON BE ($5,000); COVINGTON & BURLING LLP ON BEHALF OF THE SHORTWAVE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":3,"totalDollars":20000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"QUALCOMM INCORPORATED PAC","ldaClient":"PAUL, WEISS, RIFKIND, WHARTON & GARRISON LLP ON BEHALF OF QUALCOMM INCORPORATED","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COVINGTON AND BURLING LLP PAC","ldaClient":"COVINGTON & BURLING LLP ON BEHALF OF THE SHORTWAVE MODERNIZATION COALITION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001184","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $80,357 on 2025-03-11 (15.9× normal)","explanation":"Thomas Massie's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $80,357 on 2025-03-11 — 15.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":80357,"maxRatio":15.9,"maxAmount":80357},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-11","amount":80357,"ratio":15.9,"baselineDaily":5058,"count":108,"cmteId":"C00509729","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00509729&min_date=2025-03-11&max_date=2025-03-11"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509729/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00509729&min_date=2025-03-11&max_date=2025-03-11"]},{"id":"P78_M001184","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Thomas Massie appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (5); daily donation spike (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001184","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_M001184","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Massie named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Thomas Massie appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Thomas Massie","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chair-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-thomas/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chair-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-thomas/"]},{"id":"P90_M001184","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Massie's campaign paid $5,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: MASSIE FOR DELEGATE ($5,000)","explanation":"Thomas Massie's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $5,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MASSIE FOR DELEGATE ($5,000 across 1 payments, services: NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MASSIE FOR DELEGATE","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"massie"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2KY04121&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P105_M001184","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Massie named on 2 SEC Schedule 13D/G filings — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"Thomas Massie appears as a named filer on 2 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filings (most recent: 2013-03-26, form SC 13D/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":2,"latest":{"fileDate":"2013-03-26","form":"SC 13D/A","displayNames":["MASSIE THOMAS HENRY  (CIK 0001252153)","OUTDOOR CHANNEL HOLDINGS INC  (CIK 0000760326)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001252153&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1252153/000119312513126525/0001193125-13-126525-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1252153/000119312513126525/0001193125-13-126525-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001252153&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]}],"K000377":[{"id":"P6_K000377_va1jq2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$7,406,719 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Priorities USA Action","explanation":"Priorities USA Action spent $7,406,719 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 60 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495861","name":"Priorities USA Action","support":7406719.3,"oppose":0,"events":60}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495861/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,534,631 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SMP","explanation":"SMP spent $4,534,631 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 29 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"SMP","support":4534630.640000001,"oppose":0,"events":29}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,204,112 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $4,204,112 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":4204111.67,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_tys09t","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,024,432 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Somos PAC","explanation":"Somos PAC spent $4,024,432 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 54 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00724203","name":"Somos PAC","support":4024431.7,"oppose":0,"events":54}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00724203/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_d0phcn","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,817,612 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LIVING UNITED FOR CHANGE IN ARIZONA","explanation":"LIVING UNITED FOR CHANGE IN ARIZONA spent $1,817,612 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 67 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90018169","name":"LIVING UNITED FOR CHANGE IN ARIZONA","support":1817611.5499999989,"oppose":0,"events":67}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018169/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_vbmdhh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,414,456 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Patriot Majority PAC","explanation":"Patriot Majority PAC spent $1,414,456 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00469890","name":"Patriot Majority PAC","support":1414456.15,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00469890/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_tztjyb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,159,054 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EDF Action Votes","explanation":"EDF Action Votes spent $1,159,054 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00707844","name":"EDF Action Votes","support":1159054,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00707844/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_tx3a59","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$951,630 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Worker Power PAC","explanation":"Worker Power PAC spent $951,630 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2955 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00756569","name":"Worker Power PAC","support":951630.2299999986,"oppose":0,"events":2955}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756569/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_vait17","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$802,346 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Planned Parenthood Votes","explanation":"Planned Parenthood Votes spent $802,346 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 71 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489799","name":"Planned Parenthood Votes","support":802345.7000000001,"oppose":0,"events":71}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489799/"]},{"id":"P6_K000377_d14xd5","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$658,625 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Somos Votantes","explanation":"Somos Votantes spent $658,625 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90021718","name":"Somos Votantes","support":658625,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021718/"]},{"id":"P7_K000377_zfro4","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $96,573,548 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $96,573,548 opposing this member across 6280 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":96573547.96999982,"totalSupport":33183457.839999996,"events":6280,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRSC","oppose":19801305.290000003},{"name":"DEFENDARIZONA","oppose":17048918.6},{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":14854883.059999999},{"name":"DSCC","oppose":10465730.99},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":9157715.260000002}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000377_clehcc","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,026 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $59,026 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":82755.66,"oppose":23729.679999999997,"net":59025.98000000001,"events":88,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":28559.47,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":25117.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":14691.09,"oppose":5761.03,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":17968.649999999998,"types":["DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":8694.359999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000377_8qziyv","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,818,965 / spent $4,469,111","explanation":"This member sponsors 14 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00524603","cmteName":"KEEP AMERICA ROLLING","year":"2012","totalReceipts":5100,"totalDisbursements":1495.7,"cashOnHand":3604.34},{"cmteId":"C00524603","cmteName":"KEEP AMERICA ROLLING","year":"2014","totalReceipts":67530,"totalDisbursements":35768.4,"cashOnHand":35365.97},{"cmteId":"C00524603","cmteName":"KEEP AMERICA ROLLING","year":"2016","totalReceipts":145419.9,"totalDisbursements":131142.6,"cashOnHand":49643.35},{"cmteId":"C00524603","cmteName":"KEEP AMERICA ROLLING","year":"2018","totalReceipts":164420.4,"totalDisbursements":184191.3,"cashOnHand":29872.52},{"cmteId":"C00524603","cmteName":"KEEP AMERICA ROLLING","year":"2020","totalReceipts":210128.7,"totalDisbursements":205410.9,"cashOnHand":34590.34}],"totalRaised":4818964.9,"totalSpent":4469111.300000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_K000377_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"831431 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $57,748,687 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 831431× NOT EMPLOYED = $57,748,687; 81514× SELF EMPLOYED = $9,626,077. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":831431,"total":57748687,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":81514,"total":9626077,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000377_rk1vjg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$299,248 donation spike on 2025-11-25 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-25 this committee recorded $299,248 across 2303 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $33,579.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00696526","date":"2025-11-25","amount":299248,"count":2303,"baseline":33579,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696526/"]},{"id":"P15_K000377_2bdmnp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$286,176 donation spike on 2019-02-12 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-02-12 this committee recorded $286,176 across 368 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,541.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00696526","date":"2019-02-12","amount":286176,"count":368,"baseline":21541,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696526/"]},{"id":"P15_K000377_rk1vjh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$240,776 donation spike on 2025-11-24 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-24 this committee recorded $240,776 across 2039 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,868.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00696526","date":"2025-11-24","amount":240776,"count":2039,"baseline":23868,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696526/"]},{"id":"P19_K000377_judj2m","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Kelly campaign paid $50,935,517 to 87 surname-matched vendors, top: SMITH, THOMAS","explanation":"Mark Kelly's campaign paid 276 disbursements totaling $50,935,517 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH, THOMAS","total":16549581.65,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":10000000,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":4225000,"date":"2012-05-13","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SMITH, THOMAS","amount":1200000,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","total":12894540.570000002,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":6155860.02,"date":"2020-12-04","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":2079928.51,"date":"2020-12-11","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":1889366.58,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":272672.61,"date":"2016-08-01","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":269370.66,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":249489.71,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","total":3000000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-11-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2006-06-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SMITH BARNEY CITIGROUP","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-06-09","description":"TRANSFER OF FUNDS","surnameMatched":"smith","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","total":1782400,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":584400,"date":"2016-03-21","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":300000,"date":"2016-03-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":284000,"date":"2016-03-09","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":623083.89,"date":"2004-09-24","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":484503.17,"date":"2004-12-09","description":"MAILING COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":449855.22,"date":"2005-08-05","description":"GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SMITH"]},{"id":"P25_K000377_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of PAC dollars ($239,205) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Mark Kelly receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":239204.91999999998,"share":72.7,"totalPAC":329105.32,"pacCount":12},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":239204.91999999998,"share":72.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":66600.4,"share":20.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":10000,"share":3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":5000,"share":1.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000377","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Mark Kelly has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":13,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P54_K000377_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (VLO)","explanation":"Mark Kelly discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (VLO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["VLO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_K000377","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$83K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 35% from ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","explanation":"Mark Kelly received $82,755.66 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND ($28,559.47 = 35%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":82755.66,"oppose":23729.679999999997,"byYear":{"2010":33311.59999999999,"2012":549.06,"2018":8386.02,"2020":3853.1400000000003,"2022":155745.66000000003},"corpCount":12},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":28559.47,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":25117.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":14691.09,"oppose":5761.03,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":17968.649999999998,"types":["DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":8694.359999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_K000377","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $20,000","explanation":"Mark Kelly received campaign contributions totaling $20,000 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: OWNER-OPERATOR INDEPENDENT DRIVERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVE ($5,000); WITH HONOR ACTION, INC. ($5,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":20000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"OWNER-OPERATOR INDEPENDENT DRIVERS ASSN INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AKA OOIDA-PAC)","ldaClient":"OWNER-OPERATOR INDEPENDENT DRIVERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND ANGIOGRAPHY INTERVENTIONS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY AND INTERVENTIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WITH HONOR PAC","ldaClient":"WITH HONOR ACTION, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_K000377","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $286,176 on 2019-02-12 (13.3× normal)","explanation":"Mark Kelly's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $286,176 on 2019-02-12 — 13.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":526952,"maxRatio":13.3,"maxAmount":286176},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-02-12","amount":286176,"ratio":13.3,"baselineDaily":21541,"count":368,"cmteId":"C00696526","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00696526&min_date=2019-02-12&max_date=2019-02-12"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-11-24","amount":240776,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":23868,"count":2039,"cmteId":"C00696526","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00696526&min_date=2025-11-24&max_date=2025-11-24"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696526/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00696526&min_date=2019-02-12&max_date=2019-02-12"]},{"id":"P63_K000377","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 53 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Mark Kelly's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 53 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): LIJKX, AEYE, VWSTX, VTI, LUBAX, MUAIX, VSIGX, NOAZX, USAA, MXF, LFRAX, LHYAX, LALDX, IJR, EFV, … (38 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":53,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["LIJKX","AEYE","VWSTX","VTI","LUBAX","MUAIX","VSIGX","NOAZX","USAA","MXF","LFRAX","LHYAX","LALDX","IJR","EFV","IBB","EEM","DIA","MDY","SPY","VOO","NOGXX","UATXX","USISX","VFIAX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_K000377_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Energy stock (VLO) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Mark Kelly's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Energy stocks — VLO — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["VLO"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d92d5e04-f0c7-4c1d-94f7-39d557f19139/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d92d5e04-f0c7-4c1d-94f7-39d557f19139/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P68_K000377","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Owns 2 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.4M","explanation":"Mark Kelly's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 2 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $383,001. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Residential Property Description: Reside (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000); Lightspeed Partners LLC Company: Lightsp (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":2,"totalEstMidpoint":383001,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Tucson, AZ)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"},{"name":"Lightspeed Partners LLC Company: Lightspeed Partners LLC (Tucson, AZ) Description: Media Production","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_K000377","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 3 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Manager) at El Campo Center LLC Tucson, AZ","explanation":"Mark Kelly's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 3 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Manager) at El Campo Center LLC Tucson, AZ (Other (Limited Liability Compa); Other (Co-Trustee) at Nelson Family Trust Tucson, AZ (Trust); Trustee at Deed of Trust on Residential Property Tucson, AZ (Other (Deed of Trust on Reside).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":3,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jun 2016 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"El Campo Center LLC Tucson, AZ","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"},{"dates":"Jan 2014 to present","role":"Other (Co-Trustee)","entity":"Nelson Family Trust Tucson, AZ","entityType":"Trust"},{"dates":"Apr 2016 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Deed of Trust on Residential Property Tucson, AZ","entityType":"Other (Deed of Trust on Residential Property)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_K000377","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 reportable gift disclosed totaling $800 — top: Rose Bowl tickets for filer and spouse ($800.00)","explanation":"Mark Kelly's Senate annual financial disclosures report 1 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $800 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: Rose Bowl tickets for filer and spouse ($800.00) from Tournament of Roses Pasadena, CA.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":1,"totalValue":800,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"},{"source":"gift","date":"01/01/2023","recipient":"Self","description":"Rose Bowl tickets for filer and spouse","value":"$800.00","giftSource":"Tournament of Roses Pasadena, CA","year":2024}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P78_K000377","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mark Kelly appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (10); daily donation spike (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000377","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_K000377_2022","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 43 ticker holdings between 2021 and 2022 — including MXF, LFRAX, LHYAX, LALDX, IJR, EFV","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 43 ticker holdings present in the 2021 filing but absent in 2022. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: MXF, LFRAX, LHYAX, LALDX, IJR, EFV, IBB, EEM, DIA, MDY, SPY, VOO.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2021,2022],"count":43,"divestedTickers":["MXF","LFRAX","LHYAX","LALDX","IJR","EFV","IBB","EEM","DIA","MDY","SPY","VOO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37a74122-eff3-410a-90d7-6ec39bd316c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37a74122-eff3-410a-90d7-6ec39bd316c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_K000377_2021","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Kelly filed 5 amendments to the 2021 Senate annual disclosure — 13 total amendments across 3 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Mark Kelly's Senate eFD record shows 5 amendments to the 2021 report alone, with 13 amendments across 3 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2021,"amendmentCount":5,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":13,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":3,"sampleTitles":["Candidate Report  (Amendment 1)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 2)","Blind Trust","Blind Trust"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/10303f15-f915-4969-84b6-4f634fc6e35e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f16ec-0712-4b92-9e29-d3a2fe6b0be0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/4ab9e802-fc7a-44ee-80f1-48230d0a704b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/d0d477e8-a05c-40b8-b0e6-c8b05e60c103/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/10303f15-f915-4969-84b6-4f634fc6e35e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f16ec-0712-4b92-9e29-d3a2fe6b0be0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P88_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Kelly's 2025 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"The Kelly Qualified Blind Trust dated June 25, 2021","type":"Trust Qualified Blind Trust","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Mark Kelly Traditional Individual Retirement Account Qualified Blind Trust No. 1 dated June 25, 2021","type":"Trust Qualified Blind Trust","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_K000377","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Kelly's campaign paid $6,542,420 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP ($3,793,573)","explanation":"Mark Kelly's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $6,542,420 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP ($3,793,573 across 20 payments, services: BENEFITS COST · BENEFITS-MED/DENT). Cycles covered: 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542420.030000001,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"descriptions":["BENEFITS COST","BENEFITS-MED/DENT"]},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","MAILING COST","GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"COOPER, KELLY","total":400000,"count":2,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"DORAN, KELLY","total":250000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVENESS"]},{"payee":"SCOTT & MADISON, KELLY","total":198071,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]}],"surname":"kelly"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0AZ00350&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_K000377","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Kelly filed 13 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 229 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Mark Kelly has filed 13 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 229 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (229d late, filed 12/30/2025) · 2021 (163d late, filed 10/25/2021) · 2025 (147d late, filed 10/09/2025) · 2021 (138d late, filed 09/30/2021).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":13,"maxDaysLate":229,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"12/30/2025","daysLate":229,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/d44f1b72-5ba8-4d2a-ae6d-e7b1d0c82731/","title":"Blind Trust"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"10/25/2021","daysLate":163,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/4ab9e802-fc7a-44ee-80f1-48230d0a704b/","title":"Blind Trust"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"10/09/2025","daysLate":147,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2da825a1-2ed1-433c-8f03-9be3895d8a6f/","title":"Blind Trust"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"09/30/2021","daysLate":138,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/d0d477e8-a05c-40b8-b0e6-c8b05e60c103/","title":"Blind Trust"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/d44f1b72-5ba8-4d2a-ae6d-e7b1d0c82731/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/4ab9e802-fc7a-44ee-80f1-48230d0a704b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2da825a1-2ed1-433c-8f03-9be3895d8a6f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P97_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P97_PFD_BLIND_TRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly's 2025 PFD references a Qualified Blind Trust — transparency-positive (rare among senators)","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references a Qualified Blind Trust (QBT). A QBT removes the senator's discretion over individual asset-management decisions for the trust assets — they cannot direct purchases or sales, and they receive only summary balance information without knowing the underlying holdings. This is the strongest available recusal mechanism short of full divestiture. Setting up a QBT is rare (fewer than 10 of 100 senators historically) and requires Senate Ethics Committee approval of trust documents and trustees. This finding is transparency-positive — the inverse of the dozens of conflict-pattern flags above. Journalists should still verify the scope of the trust (does it cover all reportable assets, or just a subset?) and check for any reportable transactions outside the trust. Reference: 9 | The Kelly Qualified Blind Trust dated June 25, 2021 | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Joint | $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 | Qualified Blind T","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_blind_trust","year":"2025","mention":"9 | The Kelly Qualified Blind Trust dated June 25, 2021 | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Joint | $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 | Qualified Blind Trust | $50,001 - $100,000","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/qualifiedblindtrust"]},{"id":"P101_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$3,888 disclosed) — top: Simon and Schuster New","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $3,888 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Simon and Schuster New (Royalties, $3,888.32).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":3888,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Simon and Schuster New York, NY","amount":"$3,888.32"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P103_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2025 PFD — top: Other (Managing Member) · Lightspeed Partners LLC Tucson,","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Other (Managing Member) · Lightspeed Partners LLC Tucson, (Other (Limited).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Other (Managing Member)","entity":"Lightspeed Partners LLC Tucson, AZ","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)","dates":"Aug 2017 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Kelly's 2025 PFD lists 2 entities bearing the surname \"Kelly\" — top: The Kelly Qualified Blind Trust","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 2 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Kelly\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: The Kelly Qualified Blind Trust (asset) · Mark Kelly Traditional Individual Retirement (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Kelly","count":2,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"The Kelly Qualified Blind Trust dated June 25, 2021","type":"Trust Qualified Blind Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Mark Kelly Traditional Individual Retirement Account Qualified Blind Trust No. 1 dated June 25, 2021","type":"Trust Qualified Blind Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P135_K000377","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly's earliest disclosed PFD (2019) shows $18.7M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Mark Kelly's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2019) shows total assets of $18.7M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 103; earned-income on first filing: $1,612,809.69.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2019","totalAssetMid":18742797.5,"assetCount":103,"earnedIncome":1612809.69,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d92d5e04-f0c7-4c1d-94f7-39d557f19139/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d92d5e04-f0c7-4c1d-94f7-39d557f19139/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_K000377","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Kelly ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $480M across 7 cycles","explanation":"Mark Kelly's FEC-bulk record shows $480.0M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 7 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":480.04,"cycleCount":7,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0AZ00350"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0AZ00350/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_K000377","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Kelly triggers 19 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mark Kelly accumulates 19 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":19,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_K000377","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Mark Kelly accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P36","P54","P58","P61","P62","P63","P64","P68","P70","P72","P78","P79","P82","P88","P90","P93","P97","P101","P103","P104","P135","P137"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_K000377","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Kelly operates 3 distinct leadership PACs ($4.8M combined receipts)","explanation":"Mark Kelly operates 3 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $4.8M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: KEEP AMERICA ROLLING (C00524603) · LIFTOFF PAC (C00785816) · SOUTHERN STATES PAC (C00778308).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.82,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00524603","cmteName":"KEEP AMERICA ROLLING"},{"cmteId":"C00785816","cmteName":"LIFTOFF PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00778308","cmteName":"SOUTHERN STATES PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00524603/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00785816/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00778308/"]},{"id":"P156_K000377","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Kelly's PFD earned income grew 5.4× year-over-year — 2020 $299K → 2020 $1613K","explanation":"Mark Kelly's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $299,064.32 in 2020 to $1,612,809.69 in 2020 — a 5.4× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2020","priorIncome":299064.32,"latestYear":"2020","latestIncome":1612809.69,"growthFactor":5.39,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48cbe461-f0bc-48b8-bea8-6a2ab13d9acc/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97a57193-b0de-4a85-8a07-333c32b1ac1b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97a57193-b0de-4a85-8a07-333c32b1ac1b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48cbe461-f0bc-48b8-bea8-6a2ab13d9acc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P161_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: LIJKX - Blackrock Lifepath Index 2035 Port Cl K Shs.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"LIJKX - Blackrock Lifepath Index 2035 Port Cl K Shs","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 16 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 16 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":16,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $20.4M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $20.4M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":20447507.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_K000377_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Kelly's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: AudioEye, Inc. Tuscon, AZ (Other (Consulting))","explanation":"Mark Kelly's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Other (Consulting) from AudioEye, Inc. Tuscon, AZ (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Consulting)","payer":"AudioEye, Inc. Tuscon, AZ","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/deaf96b2-f782-4cc2-89fc-f0f619e9aed4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1f1b3071-0ebe-45da-bf6e-ec48ffdea81f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/deaf96b2-f782-4cc2-89fc-f0f619e9aed4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_AZ_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AZ delegation: Mark Kelly & Ruben Gallego both flagged on 14 shared detector types (6 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from AZ — Mark Kelly and Ruben Gallego — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 6 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P14, P15, P19, P25.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"AZ","juniorSenatorBid":"G000574","juniorSenatorName":"Ruben Gallego","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":6,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P36","P58","P61","P62","P152","P161"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000377","https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000574"]},{"id":"P199_K000377","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Kelly — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($240.0M)","explanation":"Mark Kelly is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $240.0M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":240019394,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0AZ00350/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001052":[{"id":"P6_H001052_d0q5sn","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,026,547,601 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Food & Water Action","explanation":"Food & Water Action spent $1,026,547,601 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 110 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90019357","name":"Food & Water Action","support":1026547600.8899996,"oppose":0,"events":110}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90019357/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_udj98g","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$498,930,180 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FF PAC","explanation":"FF PAC spent $498,930,180 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 404 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00669259","name":"FF PAC","support":498930180.29,"oppose":0,"events":404}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00669259/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_tx5tab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$23,023,638 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from One For All Committee","explanation":"One For All Committee spent $23,023,638 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 48 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00752691","name":"One For All Committee","support":23023638.00999999,"oppose":0,"events":48}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00752691/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$19,206,124 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BlackPAC","explanation":"BlackPAC spent $19,206,124 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 89 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"BlackPAC","support":19206123.810000002,"oppose":0,"events":89}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$14,383,507 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $14,383,507 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 198 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":14383506.570000006,"oppose":0,"events":198}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_tys09t","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$13,074,123 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Somos PAC","explanation":"Somos PAC spent $13,074,123 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 117 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00724203","name":"Somos PAC","support":13074122.849999998,"oppose":0,"events":117}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00724203/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_tee9cq","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$12,715,376 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from YOUR COMMUNITY PAC","explanation":"YOUR COMMUNITY PAC spent $12,715,376 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00886614","name":"YOUR COMMUNITY PAC","support":12715376.440000003,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00886614/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$8,364,868 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CFFE PAC","explanation":"CFFE PAC spent $8,364,868 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 105 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"CFFE PAC","support":8364867.5,"oppose":0,"events":105}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$8,266,444 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote","explanation":"Women Vote spent $8,266,444 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 40 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote","support":8266444.269999997,"oppose":0,"events":40}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_ufw19a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$7,911,319 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from For Our Future","explanation":"For Our Future spent $7,911,319 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 310 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00620971","name":"For Our Future","support":7911319.219999999,"oppose":0,"events":310}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620971/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_d0l0f0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$7,309,358 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Working America","explanation":"Working America spent $7,309,358 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 115 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011156","name":"Working America","support":7309358.49,"oppose":0,"events":115}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011156/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$6,173,890 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SEIU COPE (Service Employees Internation","explanation":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) spent $6,173,890 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 132 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":6173889.859999999,"oppose":6420,"events":132}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P6_H001052_va4uc7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,884,757 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Nurses United for Patient Prote","explanation":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection spent $4,884,757 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 49 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00490375","name":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection","support":4884756.580000001,"oppose":0,"events":49}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00490375/"]},{"id":"P7_H001052_9a5aoi","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $514,202,017 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $514,202,017 opposing this member across 11180 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":514202017.0599998,"totalSupport":1768114154.519995,"events":11180,"topAttackers":[{"name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","oppose":251765041.57},{"name":"PRESERVE AMERICA PAC","oppose":112266879.52},{"name":"RIGHT FOR AMERICA","oppose":51119938.98},{"name":"RESTORATION PAC","oppose":34177671.05},{"name":"DUTY TO AMERICA PAC","oppose":23154436.91}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_H001052_wtir5","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,152,232 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 5 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $2,152,232 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":2152232.0300000003,"events":5,"byYear":{"2010":49867,"2024":2102365.0300000003},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30003404","name":"SOMOS VOTANTES","total":1291930,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30003487","name":"NO ON 33 CALIFORNIANS FOR RESPONSIBLE HOUSING (FPPC ID# 1421884)","total":810435.03,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30000368","name":"OCEAN CHAMPIONS VOTER FUND","total":49867,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001052_ayawpp","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,316,328 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $1,316,328 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":1321225.41,"oppose":4897.39,"net":1316328.02,"events":95,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":397890.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":360674.87,"oppose":1206,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005905","name":"SEIU LOCAL 2015","support":185960.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":101891.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":76099,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001052_ylkzc0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,821,737 / spent $2,799,816","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00629071","cmteName":"FEARLESS FOR THE PEOPLE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":26000,"totalDisbursements":335.8,"cashOnHand":25664.25},{"cmteId":"C00629071","cmteName":"FEARLESS FOR THE PEOPLE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":2380301.2,"totalDisbursements":1966052.9,"cashOnHand":439912.57},{"cmteId":"C00629071","cmteName":"FEARLESS FOR THE PEOPLE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":358816.1,"totalDisbursements":798728.7,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00629071","cmteName":"FEARLESS FOR THE PEOPLE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00875880","cmteName":"AMERICA'S AWAKENING PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":18025,"totalDisbursements":16850,"cashOnHand":1175}],"totalRaised":2821737.3000000003,"totalSpent":2799816.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_H001052_p7f8u8","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"99% of itemized donations from outside MD","explanation":"Only $205,691 of $22,942,845 itemized individual contributions came from MD. The rest — $22,737,154 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"MD","homeStateTotal":205691,"outOfStateTotal":22737154,"outOfStateShare":99.1,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":2191182},{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":1929354},{"stateZip3":"CA941","amount":1636052},{"stateZip3":"CA902","amount":1005523},{"stateZip3":"CA940","amount":674407}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001052_oqu12w","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andy Harris campaign paid $33,406,598 to 58 surname-matched vendors, top: HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","explanation":"Andy Harris's campaign paid 208 disbursements totaling $33,406,598 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","total":16047051.340000002,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":4975772.54,"date":"2020-12-22","description":"RECOUNT: PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":3233764.7,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":2045740.8,"date":"2019-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","total":2826716.8,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":387369.26,"date":"2015-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":310000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"ONLINE ADS","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":276454.73,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"ADVERTISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BMO HARRIS","total":2610678.69,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":1100000,"date":"2024-07-09","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":999999,"date":"2024-08-29","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":510679.69,"date":"2024-09-19","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA","total":1779843.83,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":494831.39,"date":"2016-11-04","description":"INTERNET ADVERTISING AND WEBSITE CONSULT","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":385753.72,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING AND WEBSIDE MANAGEMEN","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":372436.67,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING/.WEBSITE MGT.","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA, LLC","total":1095000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA, LLC","amount":420000,"date":"2020-11-19","description":"PRE-PAYMENT FOR DIGITAL ADVERTISING (GA SPECIAL-RUNOFF - NOT DISSEMINATED IN THIS REPORTING PERIOD)","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA, LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2023-03-06","description":"ADVERTISING IN NON-FEDERAL ELECTION","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA, LLC","amount":225000,"date":"2018-04-04","description":"DIGITAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLEY DRYE & WARREN LLP","total":1050188.87,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLEY DRYE & WARREN LLP","amount":118328.43,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kelley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KELLEY DRYE & WARREN LLP","amount":110518.58,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kelley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KELLEY DRYE & WARREN LLP","amount":102717.76,"date":"2024-12-11","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kelley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HARRIS%20SIKES%20MEDIA%20LLC"]},{"id":"P31_H001052_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Outside groups spent $1,768,114,155 supporting member — 98.6× their own $17,931,968 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 98.6×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":1768114154.519995,"events":11180},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":17931968},{"source":"ratio","ratio":98.6},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Food & Water Action","support":1026547600.8899996},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"FF PAC","support":498930180.29},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_H001052_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) both supported ($6,173,890) and opposed ($6,420) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Andy Harris advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":6173889.859999999,"oppose":6420,"events":132}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P36_H001052","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Andy Harris has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":21,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_H001052","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2152K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 60% from SOMOS VOTANTES","explanation":"Andy Harris was the target of $2,152,232.03 in electioneering communications across 5 events from 3 different committees. The dominant spender was SOMOS VOTANTES ($1,291,930 = 60% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":2152232.0300000003,"events":5,"pacCount":3,"byYear":{"2010":49867,"2024":2102365.0300000003}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003404","name":"SOMOS VOTANTES","total":1291930,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003404/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003487","name":"NO ON 33 CALIFORNIANS FOR RESPONSIBLE HOUSING (FPPC ID# 1421884)","total":810435.03,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003487/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30000368","name":"OCEAN CHAMPIONS VOTER FUND","total":49867,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30000368/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003404/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_H001052","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1321K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 30% from SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","explanation":"Andy Harris received $1,321,225.41 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION ($397,890.6 = 30%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":1321225.41,"oppose":4897.39,"byYear":{"2010":8034.9,"2012":2773.01,"2014":1866.49,"2016":548163.7699999999,"2022":611.85,"2024":765284.63},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":397890.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":360674.87,"oppose":1206,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005905","name":"SEIU LOCAL 2015","support":185960.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005905/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":101891.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001227/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":76099,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004874/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_H001052","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (15 total findings) — ie support concentration (13), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Andy Harris triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 15 total findings across them: ie support concentration (13), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":15,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":13},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_H001052","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $114,813.75","explanation":"Andy Harris received campaign contributions totaling $114,813.75 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CITY NATIONAL BANK ($18,813.75); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL ($10,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":114813.75,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CLASSIC CITY BANK","ldaClient":"CITY NATIONAL BANK","donorTotal":18813.75,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS PAC","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P69_H001052","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $3.4M in personal liabilities (76% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Andy Harris's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2016) reports $3,375,001 in personal liabilities against $4,435,014 in assets — a 76.1% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.4M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2016","totalLiabMid":3375001,"totalAssetMid":4435014,"leverageRatio":76.1,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2005 · Self · Mortgage · 5% (30) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Bank of America Minneapolis, MN · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2008 · Self · Line of Credit · - · 2% (on demand) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · UBS Pittsburgh, PA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_H001052","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Partner at BP Orland Park LLC Orland Park, IL","explanation":"Andy Harris's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2016) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at BP Orland Park LLC Orland Park, IL (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2016","positions":[{"dates":"Jul 2009 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"BP Orland Park LLC Orland Park, IL","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_H001052","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$240,000 in outside earned income — top source: Harris Brothers Group LLC Harvey, IL ($$100,000.00)","explanation":"Andy Harris's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2016) reports $240,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Harris Brothers Group LLC Harvey, IL ($100,000.00, Salary); National Football League New York, NY ($72,000.00, Salary); General Assembly State of Illinois Springfield, IL ($68,000.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2016","totalIncome":240000,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Harris Brothers Group LLC Harvey, IL","amount":"$100,000.00","amountNumeric":100000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"National Football League New York, NY","amount":"$72,000.00","amountNumeric":72000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"General Assembly State of Illinois Springfield, IL","amount":"$68,000.00","amountNumeric":68000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001052","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Andy Harris appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (13); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":13},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001052","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_H001052","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andy Harris's campaign paid $5,395,496 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: BMO HARRIS ($2,610,679)","explanation":"Andy Harris's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $5,395,496 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BMO HARRIS ($2,610,679 across 3 payments, services: CREDIT CARD). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5395495.77,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","total":2610678.69,"count":3,"descriptions":["CREDIT CARD"]},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","total":1779843.83,"count":5,"descriptions":["INTERNET ADVERTISING AND WEBSITE CONSULT","ONLINE ADVERTISING AND WEBSIDE MANAGEMEN","ONLINE ADVERTISING/.WEBSITE MGT."]},{"payee":"HARRIS, NAPOLEON","total":550000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"HARRIS BEACH PLLC","total":254973.25,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"HARRIS, WILLIAM H. JR","total":200000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RETURN OF ACCIDENTAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"harris"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8MD01094&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P96_H001052_2016","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Harris owes 1 named-bank loan on 2016 PFD — top: UBS Pittsburgh, PA","explanation":"Andy Harris's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Line of Credit ($$1,000,001 - $5,000,000) at 2% (on demand) from UBS Pittsburgh, PA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2016","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"2% (on demand)","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","creditor":"UBS Pittsburgh, PA","incurred":"2008"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P104_H001052_2016","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Harris's 2016 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Harris\" — top: Harris Brothers Group LLC Harvey,","explanation":"Andy Harris's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Harris\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Harris Brothers Group LLC Harvey, (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2016","surname":"Harris","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"position","entry":"Harris Brothers Group LLC Harvey, IL","position":"Proprietor"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P147_H001052_2016","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Harris's 2016 PFD reports earned income $240K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: General Assembly State of)","explanation":"Andy Harris's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $240,000 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from General Assembly State of ($68,000.00) · Self: Salary from Harris Brothers Group LLC ($100,000.00) · Self: Salary from National Football League New ($72,000.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2016","earnedIncome":240000,"earnedIncomeK":240,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"General Assembly State of Illinois Springfield, IL","amount":"$68,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Harris Brothers Group LLC Harvey, IL","amount":"$100,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"National Football League New York, NY","amount":"$72,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P149_H001052","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andy Harris triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Andy Harris accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":22}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_H001052","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Harris operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($2.8M combined receipts)","explanation":"Andy Harris operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $2.8M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: FEARLESS FOR THE PEOPLE PAC (C00629071) · AMERICA'S AWAKENING PAC (C00875880).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.82,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00629071","cmteName":"FEARLESS FOR THE PEOPLE PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00875880","cmteName":"AMERICA'S AWAKENING PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00875880/"]},{"id":"P168_H001052_2016","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Andy Harris's 2016 PFD: liabilities $3.38M = 76% of assets $4.44M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Andy Harris's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $3.38M against total assets of $4.44M — a leverage ratio of 76%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2016","totalAssetMid":4435014,"totalLiabMid":3375001,"leverageRatio":0.761,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_H001052_2016","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Harris's 2016 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Andy Harris's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2016","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P175_H001052_2016","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Harris's 2016 PFD reports $3.38M in total liabilities (3 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Andy Harris's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $3.38M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 3 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 76% of total assets ($4.44M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2016","totalLiabMidM":3.38,"totalAssetMidM":4.44,"liabCount":3,"leverageRatio":0.761,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cd0330cd-42b1-4ce9-b181-d8a1eb94c876/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P195_H001052","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Andy Harris — DW-NOMINATE 0.67 vs MD delegation mean -0.21 (2.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Andy Harris's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.67) is 2.8 standard deviations from the MD delegation mean (-0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MD","memberScore":0.674,"delegationMean":-0.20651724137931035,"zscore":"2.78"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"G000565":[{"id":"P6_G000565_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,180 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT","explanation":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE spent $250,180 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","support":250180.2,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P7_G000565_2gtll3","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,013,555 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,013,555 opposing this member across 95 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2013554.5200000003,"totalSupport":393986.8,"events":95,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":1056844.31},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":593040.18},{"name":"RIGHT WAY SUPERPAC","oppose":277027.95},{"name":"The Lincoln Project","oppose":49841.67},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":10830}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000565_9na37s","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $115,785 / spent $107,904","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00563247","cmteName":"PROTECTING AMERICA UNDER LAW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":18060,"totalDisbursements":4363,"cashOnHand":13697.05},{"cmteId":"C00563247","cmteName":"PROTECTING AMERICA UNDER LAW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":17580,"totalDisbursements":8739.4,"cashOnHand":22481.79},{"cmteId":"C00563247","cmteName":"PROTECTING AMERICA UNDER LAW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":26395,"totalDisbursements":10833.3,"cashOnHand":38043.52},{"cmteId":"C00563247","cmteName":"PROTECTING AMERICA UNDER LAW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2020","totalReceipts":20000,"totalDisbursements":40792.6,"cashOnHand":17250.89},{"cmteId":"C00563247","cmteName":"PROTECTING AMERICA UNDER LAW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2022","totalReceipts":250,"totalDisbursements":14699.9,"cashOnHand":2764.98}],"totalRaised":115785,"totalSpent":107903.79999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000565_bi1qx8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Paul Gosar campaign paid $8,991 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: POWLEY, ELSIE ANNE","explanation":"Paul Gosar's campaign paid 16 disbursements totaling $8,991 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POWLEY, ELSIE ANNE","total":3750,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"POWLEY, ELSIE ANNE","amount":1000,"date":"2017-11-15","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"POWLEY, ELSIE ANNE","amount":1000,"date":"2017-08-31","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"POWLEY, ELSIE ANNE","amount":750,"date":"2017-09-01","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POWLEY, W. BRIAN DR.","total":1871.85,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"POWLEY, W. BRIAN DR.","amount":868.68,"date":"2009-09-30","description":"IN-KIND - 14TH & ADA FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"POWLEY, W. BRIAN DR.","amount":404.14,"date":"2009-10-28","description":"IN-KIND - ADA FUNDRAISER HI","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"POWLEY, W. BRIAN DR.","amount":380.32,"date":"2009-10-28","description":"IN-KIND - ADA FUNDRAISER HI","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POWLEY, W. BRIAN","total":1702.82,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POWLEY, W. BRIAN","amount":1702.82,"date":"2016-09-20","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: FOOD AND BEVERAGES FOR EVENT","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POWLEY, ROBYN","total":500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POWLEY, ROBYN","amount":500,"date":"2019-08-14","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POWLEY, MARK","total":500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POWLEY, MARK","amount":500,"date":"2021-03-01","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"POWLEY, GALE","total":250,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"POWLEY, GALE","amount":250,"date":"2021-11-11","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"powley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=POWLEY"]},{"id":"P29_G000565_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GOSAR, Paul voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]}],"P000605":[{"id":"P6_P000605_uu4u1j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,045,476 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Opportunity and Freedom PAC","explanation":"Opportunity and Freedom PAC spent $2,045,476 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00573634","name":"Opportunity and Freedom PAC","support":2045476,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573634/"]},{"id":"P6_P000605_uv90or","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,172,487 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Freedom Fund (also direct donor)","explanation":"House Freedom Fund spent $1,172,487 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 547 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00552851","name":"House Freedom Fund","support":1172487.2500000007,"oppose":0,"events":547},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM FUND","total":271000.25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552851/"]},{"id":"P6_P000605_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$887,558 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION spent $887,558 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 36 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":887558.0000000001,"oppose":236000,"events":36},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM FUND","total":271000.25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P6_P000605_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$483,241 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $483,241 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 45 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":483240.5900000001,"oppose":0,"events":45}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_P000605_ubwdau","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$308,212 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WFW Action Fund, Inc.","explanation":"WFW Action Fund, Inc. spent $308,212 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00698936","name":"WFW Action Fund, Inc.","support":308212.22,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00698936/"]},{"id":"P7_P000605_v4lzh6","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $17,096,413 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $17,096,413 opposing this member across 1060 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":17096413.290000003,"totalSupport":6167615.9999999935,"events":1060,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":7524494.590000002},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":6299362.239999998},{"name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","oppose":236000},{"name":"EDF Action Votes","oppose":997293.46},{"name":"Future Progress","oppose":474080.93}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_P000605_lkq6jf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$31,276 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $31,276 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":53628.51000000001,"oppose":22352.030000000002,"net":31276.480000000007,"events":30,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":39043.36,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":11332.589999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":10374.580000000002,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":4931.25,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":3970.24,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_P000605_8qv5s1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $163,863 / spent $150,160","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00528075","cmteName":"FIRST CAPITAL PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":5100,"totalDisbursements":1768.9,"cashOnHand":3331.09},{"cmteId":"C00528075","cmteName":"FIRST CAPITAL PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":2016.4,"cashOnHand":1314.72},{"cmteId":"C00528075","cmteName":"FIRST CAPITAL PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":1315.72},{"cmteId":"C00528075","cmteName":"FIRST CAPITAL PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":8151,"totalDisbursements":2750,"cashOnHand":6716.72},{"cmteId":"C00528075","cmteName":"FIRST CAPITAL PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":18500,"totalDisbursements":13225,"cashOnHand":11991.72}],"totalRaised":163863.3,"totalSpent":150160.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_P000605_o85ihl","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100% of itemized donations from outside PA","explanation":"Only $0 of $19,530,003 itemized individual contributions came from PA. The rest — $19,530,003 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"PA","homeStateTotal":0,"outOfStateTotal":19530003,"outOfStateShare":100,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"TX770","amount":2121775},{"stateZip3":"TX752","amount":1222695},{"stateZip3":"TX787","amount":1204132},{"stateZip3":"TX782","amount":981204},{"stateZip3":"TX750","amount":615007}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_P000605_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19848 employees of RETIRED gave $3,510,548 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 19848× RETIRED = $3,510,548. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":19848,"total":3510548,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000605_oj79k9","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Perry campaign paid $12,294,275 to 41 surname-matched vendors, top: JOHNSON, PERRY","explanation":"Scott Perry's campaign paid 115 disbursements totaling $12,294,275 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOHNSON, PERRY","total":2574563.82,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"JOHNSON, PERRY","amount":1556000,"date":"2023-08-30","description":"IN-KIND: FLIGHT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOHNSON, PERRY","amount":300060,"date":"2023-09-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOHNSON, PERRY","amount":300040,"date":"2023-09-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HANEY, PERRY","total":1318000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"HANEY, PERRY","amount":500000,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HANEY, PERRY","amount":448000,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HANEY, PERRY","amount":149000,"date":"2012-01-02","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GERSHON, PERRY","total":1303325.6,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"GERSHON, PERRY","amount":250000,"date":"2021-06-09","description":"DEBT FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GERSHON, PERRY","amount":238501.75,"date":"2020-06-15","description":"IN-KIND:  MEDIA TIME BUY WIN PUBLIC AFFAIRS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GERSHON, PERRY","amount":238501.75,"date":"2021-06-09","description":"DEBT FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROSETTA STONE COMMUNICATIONS","total":1266925.9,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"ROSETTA STONE COMMUNICATIONS","amount":374926.54,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"FEA-EARLY VOTING & TEXTING PROJECT","surnameMatched":"stone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROSETTA STONE COMMUNICATIONS","amount":250000,"date":"2020-12-09","description":"FEA-VOTER INTEGRITY PROJECT","surnameMatched":"stone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROSETTA STONE COMMUNICATIONS","amount":250000,"date":"2020-12-18","description":"FEA-VOTER INTEGRITY PROJECT","surnameMatched":"stone","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","total":1100000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","amount":250000,"date":"2002-10-11","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","amount":250000,"date":"2002-09-04","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","amount":250000,"date":"2002-09-27","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","total":1093788.51,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","amount":100206.04,"date":"2023-03-29","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","amount":91731.47,"date":"2025-06-24","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","amount":80273.44,"date":"2025-03-24","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC FUNDS","surnameMatched":"perry","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JOHNSON"]},{"id":"P25_P000605_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of PAC dollars ($682,988) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Scott Perry receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":682987.54,"share":66.2,"totalPAC":1031959.7,"pacCount":24},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":682987.54,"share":66.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":306222.13999999996,"share":29.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":32750.02,"share":3.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":5000,"share":0.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_P000605_duqhzw","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"DATWYLER THOMAS\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00836064","name":"CATAPULT PAC","treasurer":"DATWYLER THOMAS"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00834739","name":"TRANSPORTATION TRUST FUND","treasurer":"DATWYLER THOMAS"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00830810","name":"PROTECT THE HOUSE 2024","treasurer":"DATWYLER THOMAS"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_P000605_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PERRY, Scott voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_P000605_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION both supported ($887,558) and opposed ($236,000) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Scott Perry advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":887558.0000000001,"oppose":236000,"events":36}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P36_P000605","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Scott Perry has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_P000605","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$54K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 73% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Scott Perry received $53,628.51 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($39,043.36 = 73%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":53628.51000000001,"oppose":22352.030000000002,"byYear":{"2010":28089.540000000005,"2012":551.05,"2016":3970.24,"2018":401.68,"2020":2916.94,"2022":40617.490000000005},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":39043.36,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":11332.589999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":10374.580000000002,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":4931.25,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":3970.24,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002761/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_P000605","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $30,500","explanation":"Scott Perry received campaign contributions totaling $30,500 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($5,500); NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSOCIATION ($5,000); MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST COMMUNITY COLLEGE ($5,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":30500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":5500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSN. PAC (CONCRETEPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMMUNITY BANCSHARES OF MISSISSIPPI INC. POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST COMMUNITY COLLEGE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITT","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_P000605","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Scott Perry appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (5); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); out of state concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000605","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_P000605","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott Perry's campaign paid $2,136,133 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: GERSHON, PERRY ($655,114)","explanation":"Scott Perry's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 38 payments totaling $2,136,133 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GERSHON, PERRY ($655,114 across 4 payments, services: DEBT FORGIVENESS). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2136132.65,"paymentCount":38,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GERSHON, PERRY","total":655113.75,"count":4,"descriptions":["DEBT FORGIVENESS"]},{"payee":"PATRIOTS FOR PERRY","total":645543.3800000001,"count":14,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC FUNDS","DISTRIBUTON OF NET JFC PROCEEDS"]},{"payee":"LAKE SNELL PERRY & ASSOCIATES","total":179652,"count":5,"descriptions":["POLL","POLLING CONSULTANT","RESEARCH"]},{"payee":"CHRYSTAL PERRY BDA PP2 HR SOLUTIONS","total":126504.37,"count":2,"descriptions":["CANVASS NON-FEDERAL"]},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RICK PERRY","total":100000,"count":2,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION-TX GOV-SUPPORT OFFICEHOLDER"]}],"surname":"perry"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2PA04135&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P149_P000605","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Perry triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Scott Perry accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P195_P000605","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Perry — DW-NOMINATE 0.69 vs PA delegation mean 0.01 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Scott Perry's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.69) is 1.9 standard deviations from the PA delegation mean (0.01). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PA","memberScore":0.685,"delegationMean":0.013452380952380962,"zscore":"1.92"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H001103":[{"id":"P6_H001103_txofmu","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$499,976 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Nuestro PAC","explanation":"Nuestro PAC spent $499,976 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744185","name":"Nuestro PAC","support":499976,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744185/"]},{"id":"P7_H001103_x93f75","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,733,235 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,733,235 opposing this member across 57 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1733235.24,"totalSupport":521297.13,"events":57,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":1422238.4599999997},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":186111.02000000002},{"name":"Friends of Democracy","oppose":90775.76},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":34110}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H001103","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Commish. Pablo José Hernández Rivera has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Commish. Pablo José Hernández Rivera triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001103"]},{"id":"P195_H001103","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Commish. Pablo José Hernández Rivera — DW-NOMINATE -0.50 vs PR delegation mean -0.06 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Commish. Pablo José Hernández Rivera's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.50) is 1.9 standard deviations from the PR delegation mean (-0.06). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PR","memberScore":-0.496,"delegationMean":-0.05500000000000001,"zscore":"1.86"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M000133":[{"id":"P6_M000133_txmf5t","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,620,117 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED FOR MASSACHUSETTS","explanation":"UNITED FOR MASSACHUSETTS spent $3,620,117 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00747600","name":"UNITED FOR MASSACHUSETTS","support":3620117.4,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00747600/"]},{"id":"P6_M000133_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$862,124 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SEIU COPE (Service Employees Internation","explanation":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) spent $862,124 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":862124.16,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P6_M000133_uwd8yd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$364,087 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Environment America Action Fund","explanation":"Environment America Action Fund spent $364,087 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 38 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00531814","name":"Environment America Action Fund","support":364086.99999999994,"oppose":0,"events":38}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00531814/"]},{"id":"P7_M000133_n78rl2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,570,827 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,570,827 opposing this member across 232 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2570827.4000000004,"totalSupport":5126261.199999999,"events":232,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":840396.2},{"name":"New Leadership PAC","oppose":676732.71},{"name":"Americans for Progressive Action","oppose":624824.2},{"name":"WEST MICHIGAN FOR CHANGE","oppose":306297.97},{"name":"AMERICAN UNITY PAC INC","oppose":51955}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_M000133_risaoa","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$252,500 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $252,500 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":252500,"events":3,"byYear":{"2010":252500},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":250000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":2500,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M000133_fyyxgc","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$490,328 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $490,328 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":490328.3699999999,"oppose":0,"net":490328.3699999999,"events":70,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002373","name":"MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":231683.09,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":126921.35,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":63337.34,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":19340.37,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":10687.650000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M000133_po3yeg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,297,755 / spent $1,239,583","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00564187","cmteName":"EDUCATE AND INNOVATE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":403731.5,"totalDisbursements":400720.8,"cashOnHand":38408.04},{"cmteId":"C00564187","cmteName":"EDUCATE AND INNOVATE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":507623.9,"totalDisbursements":509304.5,"cashOnHand":36727.49},{"cmteId":"C00564187","cmteName":"EDUCATE AND INNOVATE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":386400,"totalDisbursements":329557.6,"cashOnHand":93569.93}],"totalRaised":1297755.4,"totalSpent":1239582.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M000133_wmc41o","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"91% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $1,254,802 in itemized individual contributions, $1,146,900 (91%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1254802,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-5000,"$200.01-$499":2502,"$500-$999":20800,"$1000-$1999":89600,"$2000 and over":1146900},"megaShare":91.4,"smallDonorShare":-0.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M000133_fs6txo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey campaign paid $6,050 to 1 surname-matched vendor, top: MASCOTT, CHARLES","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey's campaign paid 3 disbursements totaling $6,050 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MASCOTT, CHARLES","total":6050,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MASCOTT, CHARLES","amount":4750,"date":"2024-08-21","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"mascott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MASCOTT, CHARLES","amount":1050,"date":"2020-09-15","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"mascott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MASCOTT, CHARLES","amount":250,"date":"2024-08-21","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"mascott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MASCOTT"]},{"id":"P36_M000133","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_M000133","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$253K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 99% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey was the target of $252,500 in electioneering communications across 3 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($250,000 = 99% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":252500,"events":3,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":252500}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":250000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":2500,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001051/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_M000133","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$490K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 47% from MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey received $490,328.37 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION ($231,683.09 = 47%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":490328.3699999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":27181.799999999996,"2012":7771.85,"2014":455420.71999999986},"corpCount":14},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002373","name":"MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":231683.09,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002373/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":126921.35,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002761/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":63337.34,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":19340.37,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002118/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":10687.650000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005152/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002373/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_M000133","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (5 total findings) — ie support concentration (3), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 5 total findings across them: ie support concentration (3), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":5,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":3},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P78_M000133","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 13 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 13 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":13,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M000133","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P93_M000133","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey filed 2 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 67 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Edward “Ed” Markey has filed 2 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 67 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2015 (67d late, filed 07/21/2015) · 2020 (41d late, filed 06/25/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":2,"maxDaysLate":67,"samples":[{"year":2015,"filingDate":"07/21/2015","daysLate":67,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/A13D0DB9-EB41-4B9A-8CAC-36E112DCD7FB/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"06/25/2020","daysLate":41,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/a94d1514-3498-4543-b971-53f4b1c745ec/","title":"Annual Report"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/A13D0DB9-EB41-4B9A-8CAC-36E112DCD7FB/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/a94d1514-3498-4543-b971-53f4b1c745ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P109_M000133","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.9M total receipts) — top: MARKEY VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MARKEY VICTORY FUND (C00698340, $3.9M receipts, treasurer BLISS, REBECCA). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.95,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00698340","name":"MARKEY VICTORY FUND","receipts":3946094.13,"treasurer":"BLISS, REBECCA","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00698340/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00698340/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00698340/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_M000133","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $71M across 14 cycles","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey's FEC-bulk record shows $70.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 14 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":70.72,"cycleCount":14,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4MA00028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4MA00028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P157_M000133","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,633 sponsored, 10,124 cosponsored","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey's congress.gov record shows 1,633 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1633,"cosponsoredCount":10124,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-j.-markey/M000133","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_M000133","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 10,124 cosponsored, 1,633 sponsored","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey's congress.gov record shows 10,124 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":10124,"sponsoredCount":1633,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-j.-markey/M000133","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P172_MA_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MA delegation: Edward “Ed” Markey & Elizabeth Warren both flagged on 7 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MA — Edward “Ed” Markey and Elizabeth Warren — are flagged on the same 7 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P36, P58, P93, P109.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MA","juniorSenatorBid":"W000817","juniorSenatorName":"Elizabeth Warren","sharedDetectorCount":7,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P36","P58","P93","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000133","https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000817"]},{"id":"P181_M000133","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey — 118 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey sponsored 118 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":118}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000133_UdallEisenhowerArcti","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey sponsored \"Udall-Eisenhower Arctic Wilderness Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Udall-Eisenhower Arctic Wilderness Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000133_ForthereliefofEsther","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey sponsored \"For the relief of Esther Karinge.\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Esther Karinge."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000133_InternationalTravele","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey sponsored \"International Travelers Bill of Rights Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"International Travelers Bill of Rights Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000133_EnergyAssistanceforA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward “Ed” Markey sponsored \"Energy Assistance for American Families Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Edward “Ed” Markey has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Energy Assistance for American Families Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001069":[{"id":"P6_C001069_wu79ix","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$253,700 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSIN","explanation":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS/ SAVE AMERICAS FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST spent $253,700 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00101105","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS/ SAVE AMERICAS FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":253700,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00101105/"]},{"id":"P7_C001069_uur9mm","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,860,912 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,860,912 opposing this member across 35 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8860912.47,"totalSupport":270057.07,"events":35,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DSCC","oppose":8767682.290000001},{"name":"AMERICA VOTES ACTION FUND","oppose":82073.14},{"name":"CPAC ACTION PAC","oppose":11157.04}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001069_kez37d","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,871 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $60,871 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":60870.69,"oppose":0,"net":60870.69,"events":52,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":31423.519999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":10328.87,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":9597.32,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":5373.96,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1783.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001069_wl23s","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $486,850 / spent $486,142","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00464727","cmteName":"HUSKY PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":70100,"totalDisbursements":74958.8,"cashOnHand":141.22},{"cmteId":"C00464727","cmteName":"HUSKY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":98500,"totalDisbursements":89387.5,"cashOnHand":9253.72},{"cmteId":"C00464727","cmteName":"HUSKY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":102750,"totalDisbursements":106671.4,"cashOnHand":5332.34},{"cmteId":"C00464727","cmteName":"HUSKY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":130000,"totalDisbursements":125879.4,"cashOnHand":9452.97},{"cmteId":"C00464727","cmteName":"HUSKY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":85500,"totalDisbursements":89244.9,"cashOnHand":5708.03}],"totalRaised":486850,"totalSpent":486142}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001069_SYY_2020-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-16 and 2020-03-18, 3 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-03-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000397","name":"Zoe Lofgren"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"C001069","name":"Joe Courtney"}],"span":"2020-03-16 to 2020-03-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001069_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joe Courtney executed 15 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-10-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCHP","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 Meters) Leng","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-09-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Vessel Monitoring Systems; Requirements for Type-Approval of Cellular Transceiver Units","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-07-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001069_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joe Courtney executed 6 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2020-10-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Mercury and Air Toxics Standards for Power Plants Electronic Reporting Revisions","agency":"Environmental Protection Agency","date":"2020-09-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Amelia River, Fernandina, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2020-07-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001069_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joe Courtney executed 13 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COF","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FISV","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Carryback of Consolidated Net Operating Losses","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-07-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Carryback of Consolidated Net Operating Losses","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-07-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001069_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joe Courtney executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2019-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-8,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policy Statement on Factors Considered in Assessing Civil Monetary Penalties on Small Entities","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-07-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2020 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001069_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joe Courtney executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2019-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Food Additives Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption; Vitamin D2 Mushroom Powder","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-07-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties for Inflation; Continuation of Effectiveness and ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001069_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Joe Courtney executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2020-08-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2019-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking and Importing Marine Mammals; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to the U.S. Navy Training and Testing Activities i","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-07-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Conditions: Airbus Defense and Space Model No. C-295 Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-01-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001069_97pmbl","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Courtney campaign paid $1,269,383 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: GUASTELLA, COURTNEY","explanation":"Joe Courtney's campaign paid 82 disbursements totaling $1,269,383 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GUASTELLA, COURTNEY","total":604175.77,"count":48,"samples":[{"payee":"GUASTELLA, COURTNEY","amount":75000,"date":"2022-11-18","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GUASTELLA, COURTNEY","amount":50000,"date":"2015-01-16","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GUASTELLA, COURTNEY","amount":34775,"date":"2022-01-21","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOCHUL, KATHY COURTNEY","total":250000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HOCHUL, KATHY COURTNEY","amount":200000,"date":"2012-06-25","description":"REPAYMENT OF CANDIDATE LOAN","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HOCHUL, KATHY COURTNEY","amount":50000,"date":"2012-06-25","description":"REPAYMENT OF CANDIDATE LOAN","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RYAN, COURTNEY","total":41532.33,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"RYAN, COURTNEY","amount":16584.75,"date":"2018-12-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RYAN, COURTNEY","amount":14278.37,"date":"2020-12-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RYAN, COURTNEY","amount":10669.21,"date":"2016-11-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GUASTELLA, COURTNEY,","total":40000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GUASTELLA, COURTNEY,","amount":40000,"date":"2016-12-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GUASTELLA,COURTNEY","total":40000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GUASTELLA,COURTNEY","amount":40000,"date":"2016-12-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING  FEE","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WHITNEY, COURTNEY F","total":37028.6,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"WHITNEY, COURTNEY F","amount":14553.85,"date":"2016-12-23","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WHITNEY, COURTNEY F","amount":13470,"date":"2017-02-24","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WHITNEY, COURTNEY F","amount":9004.75,"date":"2012-12-11","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"courtney","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GUASTELLA"]},{"id":"P32_C001069","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"40% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 6.2× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 116 disclosed trades, 46 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 6.2× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":46,"total":116,"rate":39.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":6.16}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001069","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Joe Courtney has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001069_MCHP_20200807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MCHP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $MCHP 1 day after a corporate insider (Bjornholt James Eric  (CIK 0001452681)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCHP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCHP","filer":"Bjornholt James Eric  (CIK 0001452681)","filingDate":"2020-08-06","adsh":"0000827054-20-000198","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001069_ZTS_20200807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ZTS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $ZTS 3 days after a corporate insider (Chen Heidi C.  (CIK 0001567828)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"Chen Heidi C.  (CIK 0001567828)","filingDate":"2020-08-04","adsh":"0001555280-20-000249","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001069_CB_20200210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $CB 3 days after a corporate insider (KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)","filingDate":"2020-02-07","adsh":"0001127602-20-004324","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001069_HON_20200807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HON 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $HON 3 days after a corporate insider (James Mark R.  (CIK 0001417954)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"James Mark R.  (CIK 0001417954)","filingDate":"2020-08-04","adsh":"0000950117-20-000260","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001069_AAPL_20201016","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $AAPL 3 days after a corporate insider (Maestri Luca  (CIK 0001513362)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Maestri Luca  (CIK 0001513362)","filingDate":"2020-10-13","adsh":"0000320193-20-000086","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001069_ABT_20200807","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ABT 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $ABT 4 days after a corporate insider (Abt John  (CIK 0001639197)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Abt John  (CIK 0001639197)","filingDate":"2020-08-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-044514","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001069_CB_20200602","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CB 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $CB 5 days after a corporate insider (KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)","filingDate":"2020-05-28","adsh":"0001127602-20-018042","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_AAPL_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $AAPL 2 days before a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2020-01-02","adsh":"0000320193-20-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_C_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $C 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $C 2 days before a corporate insider (Drummond David C  (CIK 0001295030)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"Drummond David C  (CIK 0001295030)","filingDate":"2020-01-02","adsh":"0001209191-20-000455"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_ANTM_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ANTM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $ANTM 2 days before a corporate insider (Patel Prakash R  (CIK 0001751045)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANTM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANTM","filer":"Patel Prakash R  (CIK 0001751045)","filingDate":"2020-01-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-000133"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_DIS_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DIS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $DIS 3 days before a corporate insider (Rice Derica W  (CIK 0001359067)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Rice Derica W  (CIK 0001359067)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001744489-20-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_AMZN_20200807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $AMZN 3 days before a corporate insider (STONESIFER PATRICIA Q  (CIK 0001184756)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"STONESIFER PATRICIA Q  (CIK 0001184756)","filingDate":"2020-08-10","adsh":"0001127602-20-023259"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_PLD_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $PLD 3 days before a corporate insider (Piani Olivier  (CIK 0001705208)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"Piani Olivier  (CIK 0001705208)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-000705"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_BLK_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BLK 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $BLK 3 days before a corporate insider (Freda Fabrizio  (CIK 0001428855)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Freda Fabrizio  (CIK 0001428855)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-000817"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_WMT_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $WMT 3 days before a corporate insider (FLYNN TIMOTHY PATRICK  (CIK 0001550322)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"FLYNN TIMOTHY PATRICK  (CIK 0001550322)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-000873"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_BLL_20200501","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BLL 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $BLL 3 days before a corporate insider (NIEKAMP CYNTHIA A  (CIK 0001169207)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLL","filer":"NIEKAMP CYNTHIA A  (CIK 0001169207)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0001562180-20-003297"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_TOT_20200501","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TOT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $TOT 3 days before a corporate insider (GRIFFIN GARY M  (CIK 0001238522)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TOT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TOT","filer":"GRIFFIN GARY M  (CIK 0001238522)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0000870385-20-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_V_20200807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $V 4 days before a corporate insider (General Catalyst GP V, LLC  (CIK 0001550975)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"General Catalyst GP V, LLC  (CIK 0001550975)","filingDate":"2020-08-11","adsh":"0000899243-20-022023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_F_20201009","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $F 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $F 4 days before a corporate insider (Thorpe Allen R  (CIK 0001405076)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Thorpe Allen R  (CIK 0001405076)","filingDate":"2020-10-13","adsh":"0000899243-20-028052"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_NEE_20200210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $NEE 4 days before a corporate insider (SWANSON WILLIAM H  (CIK 0001194790)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"SWANSON WILLIAM H  (CIK 0001194790)","filingDate":"2020-02-14","adsh":"0000753308-20-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_CSCO_20200807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CSCO 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $CSCO 5 days before a corporate insider (Kramer Kelly A.  (CIK 0001629885)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Kramer Kelly A.  (CIK 0001629885)","filingDate":"2020-08-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-046426"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_PEP_20200807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PEP 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $PEP 5 days before a corporate insider (Willemsen Eugene  (CIK 0001792421)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"Willemsen Eugene  (CIK 0001792421)","filingDate":"2020-08-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-046353"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_HD_20200807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $HD 5 days before a corporate insider (PAULSEN BRADLEY  (CIK 0001752877)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"PAULSEN BRADLEY  (CIK 0001752877)","filingDate":"2020-08-12","adsh":"0001104659-20-093898"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_COST_20200807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COST 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $COST 5 days before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-08-12","adsh":"0001567619-20-014893"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_AMT_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $AMT 6 days before a corporate insider (Puech Olivier  (CIK 0001754833)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"Puech Olivier  (CIK 0001754833)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0001053507-20-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_AMZN_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $AMZN 6 days before a corporate insider (NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"NOOYI INDRA K  (CIK 0001183818)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0001127602-20-001164"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_HLT_20200327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HLT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $HLT 6 days before a corporate insider (Schreiber John  (CIK 0001504918)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLT","filer":"Schreiber John  (CIK 0001504918)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001585689-20-000077"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_HON_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HON 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $HON 6 days before a corporate insider (Washington Robin L  (CIK 0001327145)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Washington Robin L  (CIK 0001327145)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0000950117-20-000028"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_UNP_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNP 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $UNP 6 days before a corporate insider (HOPKINS DEBORAH C  (CIK 0001127293)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"HOPKINS DEBORAH C  (CIK 0001127293)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0000100885-20-000019"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_PLD_20200807","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PLD 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $PLD 7 days before a corporate insider (Anderson Gary E  (CIK 0001580932)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLD","filer":"Anderson Gary E  (CIK 0001580932)","filingDate":"2020-08-14","adsh":"0001209191-20-046837"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_KDP_20200325","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KDP 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney sell $KDP 7 days before a corporate insider (Plank Kevin A  (CIK 0001344637)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KDP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KDP","filer":"Plank Kevin A  (CIK 0001344637)","filingDate":"2020-04-01","adsh":"0001246360-20-000989"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_COST_20191231","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Joe Courtney buy $COST 9 days before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-01-09","adsh":"0001567619-20-000823"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001069_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Joe Courtney accumulated 26 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_C001069_2020-07-30_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LMT 8 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Joe Courtney delivered a 597-word floor speech on 2020-07-30 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, one of the most dynamic and striking figures in American history was General George Patton. He was famous for say- ing: Lead, follow, or get out of the way. Mr. Speaker, those words were…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 8 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-07-30","chamber":"House","wordCount":597,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, one of the most dynamic and striking figures in American history was General George Patton. He was famous for say- ing: Lead, follow, or get out of the way. Mr. Speaker, those words were ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/30/166/135/CREC-2020-07-30-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/30/166/135/CREC-2020-07-30-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001069_2020-07-23_Staples","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $COST 15 days after a Staples floor speech","explanation":"Joe Courtney delivered a 239-word floor speech on 2020-07-23 that the classifier tagged Staples sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in sup- port of my amendment, numbered 40 to Divi- sion B of H.R. 7608, to provide $750,000 for the National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s Agricultural and Food Research Init…\"). The member sell $COST (a Staples-sector stock) 15 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-07-23","chamber":"House","wordCount":239,"sector":"Staples","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in sup- port of my amendment, numbered 40 to Divi- sion B of H.R. 7608, to provide $750,000 for the National Institute of Food and Agriculture’s Agricultural and Food Research Init","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/23/166/130/CREC-2020-07-23-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/23/166/130/CREC-2020-07-23-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001069_2020-07-20_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LMT 18 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Joe Courtney delivered a 454-word floor speech on 2020-07-20 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, Arti- cle I, Section 8 of the Constitution states: ‘‘Congress shall have the power . . . to provide and maintain a Navy.’’ The Seapower and Projection Force’s Subcommittee mark in this ye…\"). The member sell $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 18 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-07-20","chamber":"House","wordCount":454,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, Arti- cle I, Section 8 of the Constitution states: ‘‘Congress shall have the power . . . to provide and maintain a Navy.’’ The Seapower and Projection Force’s Subcommittee mark in this ye","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/20/166/127/CREC-2020-07-20-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/20/166/127/CREC-2020-07-20-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001069_2020-01-14_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 14 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Joe Courtney delivered a 335-word floor speech on 2020-01-14 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the Rules Committee’s motion and passage of the underlying bill, H.J. Res. 76, which will block Sec- retary Betsy DeVos’ antistudent bor- rower defense rule. Over the…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-14","chamber":"House","wordCount":335,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the Rules Committee’s motion and passage of the underlying bill, H.J. Res. 76, which will block Sec- retary Betsy DeVos’ antistudent bor- rower defense rule. Over the","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/14/166/8/CREC-2020-01-14-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/14/166/8/CREC-2020-01-14-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001069_2019-12-11_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LMT 20 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Joe Courtney delivered a 416-word floor speech on 2019-12-11 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I rise in strong support of the final con- ference version of the 2020 National De- fense Authorization Act. As chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee, I worked clo…\"). The member buy $LMT (a Defense-sector stock) 20 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-12-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":416,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I rise in strong support of the final con- ference version of the 2020 National De- fense Authorization Act. As chairman of the Seapower and Projection Forces Subcommittee, I worked clo","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_C001069","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$61K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 52% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Joe Courtney received $60,870.69 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($31,423.52 = 52%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":60870.69,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":34389.17,"2012":2520.8999999999996,"2014":2124.19,"2022":35110.259999999995},"corpCount":14},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":31423.519999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":10328.87,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":9597.32,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":5373.96,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1783.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P65_C001069_2020-08-07","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"35 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-08-07 — 35 unique tickers","explanation":"Joe Courtney executed 35 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-08-07 to 2020-08-07), spanning 35 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-08-07","windowEnd":"2020-08-07","tradeCount":35,"uniqueTickers":35,"totalDisclosedTrades":116,"sampleTickers":["SHW","ROST","AMZN","HON","KDP","MSFT","DIS","DHR","COF","NEE"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001069","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 54 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Joe Courtney appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 54 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (7); reg rule trade proximity (6); speech advocacy trade (5); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":54,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001069","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_C001069","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Courtney's campaign paid $995,251 to 20 surname-matched vendors — top: GUASTELLA, COURTNEY ($604,176)","explanation":"Joe Courtney's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 75 payments totaling $995,251 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GUASTELLA, COURTNEY ($604,176 across 48 payments, services: FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":995251.0299999999,"paymentCount":75,"payeeCount":20,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GUASTELLA, COURTNEY","total":604175.77,"count":48,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"RYAN, COURTNEY","total":41532.33,"count":3,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"GUASTELLA, COURTNEY,","total":40000,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE"]},{"payee":"GUASTELLA,COURTNEY","total":40000,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING  FEE"]},{"payee":"WHITNEY, COURTNEY F","total":37028.6,"count":3,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"courtney"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CT02112&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001069","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Courtney draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.2M PAC / $36.0M total)","explanation":"Joe Courtney's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.2M of $36.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.99,"pacSharePct":45.1,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2CT02112"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CT02112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_C001069","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Courtney triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Joe Courtney accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_C001069_2020-08-07","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Courtney — 35 trades on 2020-08-07","explanation":"Joe Courtney disclosed 35 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-08-07). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-08-07","count":35}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001069","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joe Courtney — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (116/116)","explanation":"Joe Courtney's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":116,"atBracket":116,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001069","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joe Courtney — 73 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Joe Courtney has traded 73 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":73,"sample":["MFC","PBCT","FLQL","FLCO","SPTM","AAPL","GOVT","FLCB","VWO","VEA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001069_ImprovingAccesstoMed","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joe Courtney sponsored \"Improving Access to Medicare Coverage Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Joe Courtney has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Improving Access to Medicare Coverage Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000577":[{"id":"P6_L000577_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,130,633 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $2,130,633 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 66 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":2130633.1500000004,"oppose":0,"events":66}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_L000577_tvz3j4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,639,891 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Liberty Champions","explanation":"Liberty Champions spent $1,639,891 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00777334","name":"Liberty Champions","support":1639891.0899999999,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00777334/"]},{"id":"P6_L000577_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,614,410 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $1,614,410 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 28 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":1614409.57,"oppose":0,"events":28}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_L000577_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$756,763 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $756,763 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 364 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":756762.5799999997,"oppose":0,"events":364}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P6_L000577_ue47bx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$676,967 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Freedom Political Action Committ","explanation":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee spent $676,967 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00657866","name":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee","support":676967.36,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657866/"]},{"id":"P7_L000577_2vecbj","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,937,002 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,937,002 opposing this member across 630 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4937002.199999999,"totalSupport":7525577.6499999985,"events":630,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Put Utah First PAC","oppose":4586046.5},{"name":"DMFI PAC","oppose":142935.6},{"name":"American Honor PAC","oppose":130591},{"name":"American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees PEOPLE","oppose":53844.16},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":23582.84}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_L000577_e9ci0v","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,198 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $66,198 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":66492.40999999999,"oppose":294.78,"net":66197.62999999999,"events":63,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":55063.770000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":3594.9700000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004940","name":"ALAMEDA CENTRAL LABOR COUNCIL","support":1614.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":969.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":868.62,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000577_nh38zc","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $930,268 / spent $882,658","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00403071","cmteName":"ONE VOICE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":69837.5,"totalDisbursements":70862.7,"cashOnHand":10945.99},{"cmteId":"C00403071","cmteName":"ONE VOICE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":63454.1,"totalDisbursements":72758,"cashOnHand":1642.06},{"cmteId":"C00497362","cmteName":"CONSTITUTIONAL CONSERVATIVES FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":156788.2,"totalDisbursements":133942.7,"cashOnHand":22845.5},{"cmteId":"C00403071","cmteName":"ONE VOICE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":29400,"totalDisbursements":29892.3,"cashOnHand":1149.79},{"cmteId":"C00497362","cmteName":"CONSTITUTIONAL CONSERVATIVES FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":75871,"totalDisbursements":78389,"cashOnHand":20327.5}],"totalRaised":930268.4,"totalSpent":882657.6000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000577_24o83l","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -3%)","explanation":"Of $16,059,541 in itemized individual contributions, $11,439,443 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":16059541,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-484335,"$200.01-$499":1245961,"$500-$999":1486687,"$1000-$1999":2371785,"$2000 and over":11439443},"megaShare":71.2,"smallDonorShare":-3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_L000577_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"59390 employees of RETIRED gave $4,514,928 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 59390× RETIRED = $4,514,928. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":59390,"total":4514928,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000577_xhwxpw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$545,550 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $545,550 across 239 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $45,135.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473827","date":"2015-03-31","amount":545550,"count":239,"baseline":45135,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/"]},{"id":"P15_L000577_xhwxo5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$193,600 donation spike on 2015-03-10 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-10 this committee recorded $193,600 across 87 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,255.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473827","date":"2015-03-10","amount":193600,"count":87,"baseline":20255,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/"]},{"id":"P15_L000577_xhyuog","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$183,845 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $183,845 across 195 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,781.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473827","date":"2015-06-30","amount":183845,"count":195,"baseline":20781,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/"]},{"id":"P15_L000577_xhwxne","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$175,650 donation spike on 2015-03-04 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-04 this committee recorded $175,650 across 132 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,661.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473827","date":"2015-03-04","amount":175650,"count":132,"baseline":14661,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/"]},{"id":"P15_L000577_xhyumz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,500 donation spike on 2015-06-19 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-19 this committee recorded $148,500 across 155 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,618.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473827","date":"2015-06-19","amount":148500,"count":155,"baseline":19618,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/"]},{"id":"P15_L000577_p7nk7j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$147,095 donation spike on 2011-04-22 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-04-22 this committee recorded $147,095 across 149 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,872.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473827","date":"2011-04-22","amount":147095,"count":149,"baseline":16872,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/"]},{"id":"P15_L000577_iage15","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,971 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $114,971 across 283 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,772.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473827","date":"2022-09-30","amount":114971,"count":283,"baseline":15772,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/"]},{"id":"P15_L000577_86d9wn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,800 donation spike on 2017-05-03 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-05-03 this committee recorded $114,800 across 30 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,808.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473827","date":"2017-05-03","amount":114800,"count":30,"baseline":9808,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/"]},{"id":"P25_L000577_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"88% of PAC dollars ($268,070) come from Party industry","explanation":"Mike Lee receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":268070.24,"share":87.9,"totalPAC":305039.99,"pacCount":9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":268070.24,"share":87.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":11969.75,"share":3.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":5000,"share":1.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":5000,"share":1.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_L000577_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with UT R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEE, Mike voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000577","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Mike Lee has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_L000577","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$66K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 83% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Mike Lee received $66,492.41 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($55,063.77 = 83%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":66492.40999999999,"oppose":294.78,"byYear":{"2010":13352.270000000002,"2012":821.77,"2014":2244.1800000000003,"2016":2265.76,"2018":233.14,"2022":48798.02},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":55063.770000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":3594.9700000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004940","name":"ALAMEDA CENTRAL LABOR COUNCIL","support":1614.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004940/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":969.88,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003298/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":868.62,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_L000577","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $13,197.53","explanation":"Mike Lee received campaign contributions totaling $13,197.53 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FIRST IRAQI BANK ($8,197.53); 1800 CONTACTS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":13197.53,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"FIRST BANK CARD","ldaClient":"FIRST IRAQI BANK","donorTotal":8197.53,"exact":false},{"donorName":"1800 CONTACTS PAC","ldaClient":"1800 CONTACTS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000577","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $545,550 on 2015-03-31 (12.1× normal)","explanation":"Mike Lee's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $545,550 on 2015-03-31 — 12.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":836000,"maxRatio":12.1,"maxAmount":545550},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-03-31","amount":545550,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":45135,"count":239,"cmteId":"C00473827","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00473827&min_date=2015-03-31&max_date=2015-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-03-04","amount":175650,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":14661,"count":132,"cmteId":"C00473827","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00473827&min_date=2015-03-04&max_date=2015-03-04"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-05-03","amount":114800,"ratio":11.7,"baselineDaily":9808,"count":30,"cmteId":"C00473827","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00473827&min_date=2017-05-03&max_date=2017-05-03"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473827/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00473827&min_date=2015-03-31&max_date=2015-03-31"]},{"id":"P69_L000577","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $0.8M in personal liabilities (192% leverage of assets) — 2 liability items","explanation":"Mike Lee's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $750,000.5 in personal liabilities against $390,502 in assets — a 192.1% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $0.8M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":750000.5,"totalAssetMid":390502,"leverageRatio":192.1,"liabCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2024 · Joint · Mortgage · 0.28% · 6.625% (30 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · U.S. Bank Minneapolis, MN · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_L000577","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$34,375 in outside earned income — top source: Hachette Book Group Franklin, TN ($$34,375.00)","explanation":"Mike Lee's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $34,375 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Hachette Book Group Franklin, TN ($34,375.00, Royalties).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":34375,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"Hachette Book Group Franklin, TN","amount":"$34,375.00","amountNumeric":34375}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000577","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 26 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mike Lee appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 26 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (8); ie support concentration (5); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":26,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000577","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_L000577_2019","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Lee filed 2 amendments to the 2019 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Mike Lee's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2019 report alone, with 5 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2019,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 2)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5cd2e4cc-7a09-43d7-ab2f-f4c3c7a85a50/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37bebf9d-e4a9-448d-b345-b5d894386f5d/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5cd2e4cc-7a09-43d7-ab2f-f4c3c7a85a50/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37bebf9d-e4a9-448d-b345-b5d894386f5d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P101_L000577_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Lee's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$34,375 disclosed) — top: Hachette Book Group Franklin,","explanation":"Mike Lee's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $34,375 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Hachette Book Group Franklin, (Royalties, $34,375.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":34375,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Hachette Book Group Franklin, TN","amount":"$34,375.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_L000577","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Lee triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mike Lee accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":18}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_L000577","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Lee operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.9M combined receipts)","explanation":"Mike Lee operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.9M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: ONE VOICE (C00403071) · CONSTITUTIONAL CONSERVATIVES FUND (C00497362).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.93,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00403071","cmteName":"ONE VOICE"},{"cmteId":"C00497362","cmteName":"CONSTITUTIONAL CONSERVATIVES FUND"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00403071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00497362/"]},{"id":"P157_L000577","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Lee ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 2,076 sponsored, 1,754 cosponsored","explanation":"Mike Lee's congress.gov record shows 2,076 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":2076,"cosponsoredCount":1754,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/mike-lee/L000577","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_L000577_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Lee's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 6 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Mike Lee's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 6 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":6,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_L000577_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Lee's 2025 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Mortgage from U.S. Bank Minneapolis, MN at 6.625% (30 years)","explanation":"Mike Lee's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Mortgage from U.S. Bank Minneapolis, MN at 6.625% (30 years) ($500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2024","type":"Mortgage","rate":"6.625% (30 years)","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","creditor":"U.S. Bank Minneapolis, MN"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bb92d489-a444-452f-8fc3-783f92d061cd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c2c5afa-cd3c-4b09-bd67-f2bd5410ce25/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bb92d489-a444-452f-8fc3-783f92d061cd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_UT_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UT delegation: Mike Lee & John Curtis both flagged on 11 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from UT — Mike Lee and John Curtis — are flagged on the same 11 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P10, P11, P15, P25, P29, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"UT","juniorSenatorBid":"C001114","juniorSenatorName":"John Curtis","sharedDetectorCount":11,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P10","P11","P15","P25","P29","P36","P61","P62","P69"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000577","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001114"]},{"id":"P195_L000577","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Lee — DW-NOMINATE 0.89 vs UT delegation mean 0.37 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Mike Lee's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.89) is 1.8 standard deviations from the UT delegation mean (0.37). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"UT","memberScore":0.891,"delegationMean":0.3664545454545454,"zscore":"1.83"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"G000587":[{"id":"P6_G000587_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,231,982 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Democratic Congressional Campaign Commit","explanation":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spent $1,231,982 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 113 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":1231981.72,"oppose":13580672.409999998,"events":113}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_G000587_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,252,746 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $2,252,746 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":2252745.6,"oppose":0,"events":17},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_G000587_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,012,931 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $1,012,931 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":1012931.01,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_G000587_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$746,859 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $746,859 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":746858.8,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_G000587_tic410","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$322,729 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Sentinel Action Fund","explanation":"The Sentinel Action Fund spent $322,729 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00811166","name":"The Sentinel Action Fund","support":322728.55,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00811166/"]},{"id":"P6_G000587_d0l2lf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$313,247 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Florida New Majority","explanation":"Florida New Majority spent $313,247 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 214 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011438","name":"Florida New Majority","support":313246.89999999985,"oppose":0,"events":214}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011438/"]},{"id":"P6_G000587_t1pp0g","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$300,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BDA PAC","explanation":"BDA PAC spent $300,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00908707","name":"BDA PAC","support":300000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00908707/"]},{"id":"P6_G000587_ugekqm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$294,963 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Immigrant Voters Win PAC","explanation":"Immigrant Voters Win PAC spent $294,963 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00612820","name":"Immigrant Voters Win PAC","support":294962.70999999996,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612820/"]},{"id":"P6_G000587_tg2zvm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$270,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BOLD America","explanation":"BOLD America spent $270,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00854299","name":"BOLD America","support":270000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00854299/"]},{"id":"P7_G000587_ooub5q","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $48,498,879 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $48,498,879 opposing this member across 1010 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":48498878.510000005,"totalSupport":9214474.799999999,"events":1010,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":20782925.22000001},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":13580672.409999998},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":8123160.37},{"name":"Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC","oppose":1700664},{"name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND)","oppose":931501.46}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_G000587_s2m9pt","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,000 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $100,000 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":100000,"events":1,"byYear":{"2010":100000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001879","name":"HISPANIC LEADERSHIP FUND","total":100000,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000587_h5hsaa","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$176,823 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $176,823 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":179082.04000000004,"oppose":2258.9300000000003,"net":176823.11000000004,"events":74,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":110887.46,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":25946.420000000002,"oppose":807,"types":["DM","O","TP",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":18081.360000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":7035.1900000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":4677,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000587_ucj3ao","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sylvia Garcia campaign paid $25,654,842 to 209 surname-matched vendors, top: JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia's campaign paid 535 disbursements totaling $25,654,842 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","total":4265206.709999999,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","amount":3397259,"date":"2025-02-14","description":"CANDIDATE SALARY","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","amount":100821.88,"date":"2023-10-15","description":"CANDIDATE SALARY","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JOSEPH LUIZ GONZAGA  NNE","amount":33975.38,"date":"2025-08-03","description":"CANDIDATE SALARY 2028 ELECTION","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARCO RUBIO FOR US SENATE","total":3468508.41,"count":37,"samples":[{"payee":"MARCO RUBIO FOR US SENATE","amount":427799.11,"date":"2013-06-30","description":"TRANSFER OF NET JFC FUNDS","surnameMatched":"rubio","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MARCO RUBIO FOR US SENATE","amount":306890.74,"date":"2013-03-31","description":"TRANSFER OF NET JFC FUNDS","surnameMatched":"rubio","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MARCO RUBIO FOR US SENATE","amount":220474.38,"date":"2015-03-10","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"rubio","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","total":1484730.24,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":182000,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":169012.44,"date":"2021-12-15","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":154500,"date":"2022-09-14","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIOGUARDI, JOSEPH J","total":846243.72,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DIOGUARDI, JOSEPH J","amount":549523,"date":"2010-09-30","description":"CONVERSION OF LOAN TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DIOGUARDI, JOSEPH J","amount":153175.14,"date":"2010-09-30","description":"REPAYMENT OF DEBT","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DIOGUARDI, JOSEPH J","amount":143545.58,"date":"2010-09-30","description":"CONVERSION OF LOAN TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARVIN, JOSEPH MR.","total":727000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CARVIN, JOSEPH MR.","amount":477000,"date":"2012-11-09","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CARVIN, JOSEPH MR.","amount":250000,"date":"2012-10-10","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"joseph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JOSEPH%20LUIZ%20GONZAGA%20%20NNE"]},{"id":"P31_G000587_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $9,214,475 supporting member — 1.9× their own $4,887,700 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.9×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":9214474.799999999,"events":1010},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":4887700},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.89},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"House Majority PAC","support":92317.39},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":1231981.72},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P34_G000587_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $10,000","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION","total":7500,"matchedClient":"REGIONS FINANCIAL CORPORATION","matchType":"exact"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION-MOBIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":2500,"matchedClient":"EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_G000587_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"House Majority PAC both supported ($92,317) and opposed ($20,782,925) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sylvia Garcia advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":92317.39,"oppose":20782925.22000001,"events":96}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P35_G000587_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee both supported ($1,231,982) and opposed ($13,580,672) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sylvia Garcia advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":1231981.72,"oppose":13580672.409999998,"events":113}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P35_G000587_vsqm6v","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CHC BOLD PAC both supported ($204,359) and opposed ($428,071) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sylvia Garcia advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00365536","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","support":204359.18,"oppose":428071,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00365536/"]},{"id":"P35_G000587_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"WOMEN VOTE! both supported ($60,000) and opposed ($360,833) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sylvia Garcia advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"WOMEN VOTE!","support":60000,"oppose":360833.16,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P35_G000587_uunyu2","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc. both supported ($30,406) and opposed ($278,062) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Sylvia Garcia advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00564765","name":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","support":30405.510000000002,"oppose":278062.46,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00564765/"]},{"id":"P36_G000587","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_G000587","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$179K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 62% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia received $179,082.04 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($110,887.46 = 62%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":179082.04000000004,"oppose":2258.9300000000003,"byYear":{"2010":21579.390000000003,"2012":14263.38,"2014":40012.22,"2016":3252.09,"2020":4919.85,"2022":37867,"2024":61083.159999999996},"corpCount":14},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":110887.46,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":25946.420000000002,"oppose":807,"types":["DM","O","TP",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":18081.360000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":7035.1900000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":4677,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000587","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $154,515.7","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia received campaign contributions totaling $154,515.7 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($18,115.7); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($11,300); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AD ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":154515.7,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":18115.7,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":11300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_G000587","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 23 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 23 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (9); both sides ie (5); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":23,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":9},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000587","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_G000587","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sylvia Garcia draws 65% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.3M PAC / $9.8M total)","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia's FEC-bulk record shows 65% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.3M of $9.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.33,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.78,"pacSharePct":64.7,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8TX29052"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX29052/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000587","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sylvia Garcia's PAC funding concentrates 30% in Labor ($0.03M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia's PAC donors concentrate 30% in the Labor industry — $0.03M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.03M · Oil & Gas $0.02M · Technology $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.03,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":30.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.03,"Oil & Gas":0.02,"Technology":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX29052/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_G000587","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sylvia Garcia triggers 14 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia accumulates 14 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":14,"distinctDetectorTypes":14}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P195_G000587","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sylvia Garcia — DW-NOMINATE -0.77 vs TX delegation mean 0.15 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Sylvia Garcia's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.77) is 1.9 standard deviations from the TX delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TX","memberScore":-0.771,"delegationMean":0.14558771929824554,"zscore":"1.91"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"K000385":[{"id":"P6_K000385_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,406,192 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $2,406,192 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":2406191.74,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_K000385_tey3zd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,045,256 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Impact Fund (FEC)","explanation":"The Impact Fund (FEC) spent $1,045,256 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00876391","name":"The Impact Fund (FEC)","support":1045256.4,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00876391/"]},{"id":"P6_K000385_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$531,027 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $531,027 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":531026.9899999999,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P10_K000385_k4ecp9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $366,630 / spent $331,817","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00603134","cmteName":"VISIONARY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":22000,"totalDisbursements":392.3,"cashOnHand":21607.75},{"cmteId":"C00603134","cmteName":"VISIONARY PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":21000,"totalDisbursements":36485.2,"cashOnHand":6122.6},{"cmteId":"C00603134","cmteName":"VISIONARY PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":35500,"totalDisbursements":37028.2,"cashOnHand":4594.42},{"cmteId":"C00603134","cmteName":"VISIONARY PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":100100,"totalDisbursements":53815.3,"cashOnHand":50879.11},{"cmteId":"C00603134","cmteName":"VISIONARY PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":123530,"totalDisbursements":122574.5,"cashOnHand":51834.57}],"totalRaised":366630,"totalSpent":331817.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000385_ocu42j","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robin Kelly campaign paid $40,625,200 to 111 surname-matched vendors, top: GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","explanation":"Robin Kelly's campaign paid 369 disbursements totaling $40,625,200 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","total":12894540.570000002,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":6155860.02,"date":"2020-12-04","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":2079928.51,"date":"2020-12-11","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":1889366.58,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":272672.61,"date":"2016-08-01","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":269370.66,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":249489.71,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","total":3387843.13,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":651000,"date":"2010-08-17","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":370000,"date":"2015-11-24","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":258211.86,"date":"2016-08-02","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","total":3382792,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":300000,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"TV BUY - 10/26/04-11/2/04","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":257760,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"NETWORK TV BUY","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":200000,"date":"2010-10-13","description":"MEDIA BUYS - TV","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","total":1782400,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":584400,"date":"2016-03-21","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":300000,"date":"2016-03-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":284000,"date":"2016-03-09","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GEORGIANS%20FOR%20KELLY%20LOEFFLER"]},{"id":"P61_K000385","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $198,500","explanation":"Robin Kelly received campaign contributions totaling $198,500 from 30 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 29 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328 ($10,000); COZEN O'CONNOR PUBLIC STRATEGIES O/B/O GLOBALFOUND ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); JOHN DEERE ($10,000); ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":30,"totalDollars":198500,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COZEN O'CONNOR POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"COZEN O'CONNOR PUBLIC STRATEGIES O/B/O GLOBALFOUNDRIES U.S. INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEERE & COMPANY PAC (AKA JOHN DEERE PAC)","ldaClient":"JOHN DEERE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS PAC","ldaClient":"ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_K000385","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robin Kelly's campaign paid $6,542,420 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP ($3,793,573)","explanation":"Robin Kelly's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $6,542,420 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP ($3,793,573 across 20 payments, services: BENEFITS COST · BENEFITS-MED/DENT). Cycles covered: 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542420.030000001,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"descriptions":["BENEFITS COST","BENEFITS-MED/DENT"]},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","MAILING COST","GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"COOPER, KELLY","total":400000,"count":2,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"DORAN, KELLY","total":250000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVENESS"]},{"payee":"SCOTT & MADISON, KELLY","total":198071,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]}],"surname":"kelly"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2IL02172&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_K000385","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robin Kelly draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.1M PAC / $18.9M total)","explanation":"Robin Kelly's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.1M of $18.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.1,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.86,"pacSharePct":58.9,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H2IL02172"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL02172/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000568":[{"id":"P6_G000568_uvrmxs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$282,529 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Principles Project PAC","explanation":"American Principles Project PAC spent $282,529 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00544387","name":"American Principles Project PAC","support":282529,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544387/"]},{"id":"P6_G000568_tecfaa","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$271,585 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ROOSEVELT SOCIETY ACTION","explanation":"ROOSEVELT SOCIETY ACTION spent $271,585 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00889246","name":"ROOSEVELT SOCIETY ACTION","support":271584.57999999996,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00889246/"]},{"id":"P10_G000568_8pb8en","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $376,200 / spent $373,515","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00520841","cmteName":"FIGHTIN' NINTH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2022","totalReceipts":93400,"totalDisbursements":93955.7,"cashOnHand":40314.61},{"cmteId":"C00520841","cmteName":"FIGHTIN' NINTH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2024","totalReceipts":129800,"totalDisbursements":150177.3,"cashOnHand":19937.36},{"cmteId":"C00520841","cmteName":"FIGHTIN' NINTH POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2026","totalReceipts":153000,"totalDisbursements":129381.9,"cashOnHand":43555.46}],"totalRaised":376200,"totalSpent":373514.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000568_ubnrum","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,627 donation spike on 2011-11-22 — 20.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-11-22 this committee recorded $125,627 across 125 contributions — 20.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,193.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00477240","date":"2011-11-22","amount":125627,"count":125,"baseline":6193,"ratio":20.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477240/"]},{"id":"P15_G000568_du06jk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,500 donation spike on 2025-07-24 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-07-24 this committee recorded $56,500 across 21 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,846.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00477240","date":"2025-07-24","amount":56500,"count":21,"baseline":3846,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477240/"]},{"id":"P19_G000568_rv35yg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Morgan Griffith campaign paid $563,104 to 20 surname-matched vendors, top: SELPH, WILL","explanation":"Morgan Griffith's campaign paid 120 disbursements totaling $563,104 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SELPH, WILL","total":187256.35,"count":68,"samples":[{"payee":"SELPH, WILL","amount":15000,"date":"2015-10-15","description":"DEBT REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SELPH, WILL","amount":12064.07,"date":"2016-12-26","description":"REIMBURSE:SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SELPH, WILL","amount":10492.81,"date":"2015-06-02","description":"REIMBURSE;SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANDREW GRIFFITH","total":69200,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"ANDREW GRIFFITH","amount":12000,"date":"2024-06-03","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANDREW GRIFFITH","amount":12000,"date":"2024-05-01","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANDREW GRIFFITH","amount":12000,"date":"2024-04-05","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRIFFITH, PRESTON WELLS","total":63635.7,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"GRIFFITH, PRESTON WELLS","amount":16000,"date":"2016-08-19","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GRIFFITH, PRESTON WELLS","amount":12708.56,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GRIFFITH, PRESTON WELLS","amount":12000,"date":"2016-10-04","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRIFFITH, PARKER DR.","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GRIFFITH, PARKER DR.","amount":50000,"date":"2008-10-30","description":"IK: MEDIA AD BUY","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SELPH FUND LLC","total":38361.72,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"SELPH FUND LLC","amount":4826.13,"date":"2016-06-13","description":"CAMPAIGN FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SELPH FUND LLC","amount":4342.6,"date":"2016-10-25","description":"CAMPAIGN FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SELPH FUND LLC","amount":4342.6,"date":"2016-09-26","description":"MONTHLY RETAINER & CELL PHONE EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRIFFITH, JENNIFER","total":37035.85,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GRIFFITH, JENNIFER","amount":10016.27,"date":"2015-03-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GRIFFITH, JENNIFER","amount":10016.27,"date":"2015-02-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GRIFFITH, JENNIFER","amount":10016.27,"date":"2015-01-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"griffith","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SELPH"]},{"id":"P61_G000568","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $175,300","explanation":"Morgan Griffith received campaign contributions totaling $175,300 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,300); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); VALERO ENERGY ($10,000); NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL CABLE & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION (N ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":175300,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS  ASSOCIATION - PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CABLE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTA PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CABLE & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION (NCTA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000568","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $125,627 on 2011-11-22 (20.3× normal)","explanation":"Morgan Griffith's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $125,627 on 2011-11-22 — 20.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":182127,"maxRatio":20.3,"maxAmount":125627},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-11-22","amount":125627,"ratio":20.3,"baselineDaily":6193,"count":125,"cmteId":"C00477240","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00477240&min_date=2011-11-22&max_date=2011-11-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-07-24","amount":56500,"ratio":14.7,"baselineDaily":3846,"count":21,"cmteId":"C00477240","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00477240&min_date=2025-07-24&max_date=2025-07-24"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477240/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00477240&min_date=2011-11-22&max_date=2011-11-22"]},{"id":"P90_G000568","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Morgan Griffith's campaign paid $276,807 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: ANDREW GRIFFITH ($69,200)","explanation":"Morgan Griffith's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 26 payments totaling $276,807 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ANDREW GRIFFITH ($69,200 across 6 payments, services: CAMPAIGN CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":276807.1699999999,"paymentCount":26,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ANDREW GRIFFITH","total":69200,"count":6,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GRIFFITH, PRESTON WELLS","total":52708.56,"count":4,"descriptions":["FIELD CONSULTING","EVENT CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GRIFFITH, PARKER DR.","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":["IK: MEDIA AD BUY"]},{"payee":"GRIFFITH, JENNIFER","total":37035.85,"count":4,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"GRIFFITH, GERRILL","total":35148.119999999995,"count":7,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES","ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES (5/06)","ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES (4/06)"]}],"surname":"griffith"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0VA09055&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_G000568","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Morgan Griffith draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.0M PAC / $19.1M total)","explanation":"Morgan Griffith's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.0M of $19.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.99,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.11,"pacSharePct":57.5,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0VA09055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0VA09055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000568","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Morgan Griffith's PAC funding concentrates 39% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Morgan Griffith's PAC donors concentrate 39% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Telecom $0.02M · Real Estate $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":39.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Telecom":0.02,"Real Estate":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0VA09055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"C000059":[{"id":"P6_C000059_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$726,436 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $726,436 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":726436.13,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P7_C000059_h58pbg","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $9,344,651 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $9,344,651 opposing this member across 122 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":9344651.140000002,"totalSupport":858927.51,"events":122,"topAttackers":[{"name":"HMP","oppose":6628481.879999999},{"name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND)","oppose":560393.88},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":509261.75},{"name":"EDF Action Votes","oppose":424163.75},{"name":"TERM LIMITS ACTION","oppose":371761.5}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C000059_cf58fi","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$130,738 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $130,738 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":135712.88,"oppose":4974.58,"net":130738.3,"events":28,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":133867.58000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004791","name":"CALIFORNIA NURSES ASSOCIATION/NATIONAL NURSES ORGANIZING COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":3110,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005822","name":"UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC","support":0,"oppose":1797.33,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":939.89,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ","support":481.82,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C000059_uqfdcs","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ken Calvert campaign paid $100,031 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: CALVERT, JIM","explanation":"Ken Calvert's campaign paid 5 disbursements totaling $100,031 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CALVERT, JIM","total":36400,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CALVERT, JIM","amount":36400,"date":"2020-11-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"calvert","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CALVERT-JONES COMPANY","total":23231,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CALVERT-JONES COMPANY","amount":23231,"date":"2012-01-18","description":"EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE","surnameMatched":"calvert","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE, CALVERT SAUNDERS MRS","total":19500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE, CALVERT SAUNDERS MRS","amount":19500,"date":"2009-04-27","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"calvert","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CALVERT COUNTY CENTRAL COMMITTEE ADMINISTRATION ACCOUNT","total":11000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CALVERT COUNTY CENTRAL COMMITTEE ADMINISTRATION ACCOUNT","amount":11000,"date":"2006-10-16","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO A NON-FEDERAL ADMINISTRA","surnameMatched":"calvert","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CALVERT INTERNATIONAL CONSULTING","total":9900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CALVERT INTERNATIONAL CONSULTING","amount":9900,"date":"2007-10-31","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"calvert","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CALVERT"]},{"id":"P58_C000059","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$136K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 99% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Ken Calvert received $135,712.88 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($133,867.58 = 99%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":135712.88,"oppose":4974.58,"byYear":{"2010":46067.600000000006,"2012":481.82,"2014":423.59000000000003,"2018":1797.33,"2022":29162.809999999998,"2024":63249.630000000005},"corpCount":8},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":133867.58000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004791","name":"CALIFORNIA NURSES ASSOCIATION/NATIONAL NURSES ORGANIZING COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":3110,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004791/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005822","name":"UNITED DOMESTIC WORKERS OF AMERICA INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE PAC","support":0,"oppose":1797.33,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005822/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":939.89,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ","support":481.82,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P90_C000059","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ken Calvert's campaign paid $33,131 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: CALVERT-JONES COMPANY ($23,231)","explanation":"Ken Calvert's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $33,131 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CALVERT-JONES COMPANY ($23,231 across 1 payments, services: EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE). Cycles covered: 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":33131,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CALVERT-JONES COMPANY","total":23231,"count":1,"descriptions":["EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE"]},{"payee":"CALVERT INTERNATIONAL CONSULTING","total":9900,"count":1,"descriptions":["COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING FEES"]}],"surname":"calvert"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CA37023&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_C000059","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ken Calvert named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.7M total receipts) — top: CALVERT VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Ken Calvert appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CALVERT VICTORY FUND (C00699553, $3.7M receipts, treasurer MULLEN, CATHY). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.72,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00699553","name":"CALVERT VICTORY FUND","receipts":3721149.61,"treasurer":"MULLEN, CATHY","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699553/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699553/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00699553/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_C000059","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ken Calvert ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.6M across 38 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Ken Calvert's FEC-bulk record shows $21.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 38 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $63.7M (PAC: $21.6M, individual: $33.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":63.69,"lifetimeIndividualM":33.82,"cycleCount":38,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2CA37023"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA37023/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_C000059","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ken Calvert ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $64M across 38 cycles","explanation":"Ken Calvert's FEC-bulk record shows $63.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 38 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":63.69,"cycleCount":38,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H2CA37023"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA37023/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_C000059","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ken Calvert draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($21.6M PAC / $63.7M total)","explanation":"Ken Calvert's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($21.6M of $63.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":21.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":63.69,"pacSharePct":33.9,"cycleCount":38,"fecId":"H2CA37023"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA37023/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_C000059","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ken Calvert ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,182 cosponsored, 280 sponsored","explanation":"Ken Calvert's congress.gov record shows 5,182 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5182,"sponsoredCount":280,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/ken-calvert/C000059","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_C000059_DistinguishedFlyingC","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ken Calvert sponsored \"Distinguished Flying Cross National Memorial Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ken Calvert has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Distinguished Flying Cross National Memorial Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000386":[{"id":"P6_G000386_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,817,990 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,817,990 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1817989.6,"oppose":0,"events":12},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P9_G000386_zg4560","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,846 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $53,846 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION).","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":54421.159999999996,"oppose":575.0899999999999,"net":53846.07,"events":27,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":29294.850000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":23104.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":1288.93,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":660.03,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":575.0899999999999,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_G000386_3ulza0","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"100% of itemized donations from outside IA","explanation":"Only $0 of $65,313 itemized individual contributions came from IA. The rest — $65,313 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"IA","homeStateTotal":0,"outOfStateTotal":65313,"outOfStateShare":100,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"AZ857","amount":4650},{"stateZip3":"MI494","amount":4233},{"stateZip3":"OR972","amount":4015},{"stateZip3":"NM875","amount":3663},{"stateZip3":"NC277","amount":2990}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000386_hpbloc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley campaign paid $3,467,194 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's campaign paid 99 disbursements totaling $3,467,194 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC","total":2047456.76,"count":59,"samples":[{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC","amount":135972.29,"date":"2016-06-30","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTHORIZED","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC","amount":106558.79,"date":"2021-12-31","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTHORIZED COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC","amount":103279.17,"date":"2022-03-29","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTHORIZED COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRASSLEY '92 COMMITTEE INCORPORATED","total":774902,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"GRASSLEY '92 COMMITTEE INCORPORATED","amount":639226,"date":"1993-01-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1994},{"payee":"GRASSLEY '92 COMMITTEE INCORPORATED","amount":43350,"date":"1989-02-13","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1990},{"payee":"GRASSLEY '92 COMMITTEE INCORPORATED","amount":31012,"date":"1991-06-27","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1992}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE, INC.","total":198987.18,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE, INC.","amount":46750,"date":"2022-06-29","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE, INC.","amount":37238.18,"date":"2022-11-07","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE, INC.","amount":31100,"date":"2021-06-29","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE","total":198560,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE","amount":46500,"date":"2021-09-28","description":"DIRECT CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE","amount":29553,"date":"1997-06-25","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998},{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE","amount":26816,"date":"1998-06-25","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC.","total":86965.81999999999,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC.","amount":40922.32,"date":"2022-09-30","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC.","amount":25820.18,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GRASSLEY COMMITTEE INC.","amount":10804.15,"date":"2022-09-20","description":"JFC TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR PAT GRASSLEY","total":76000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR PAT GRASSLEY","amount":25000,"date":"2025-11-03","description":"POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR PAT GRASSLEY","amount":16000,"date":"2022-09-13","description":"POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR PAT GRASSLEY","amount":15000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grassley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GRASSLEY%20COMMITTEE%20INC"]},{"id":"P58_G000386","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$54K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 54% from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLAT","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley received $54,421.16 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION) ($29,294.85 = 54%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":54421.159999999996,"oppose":575.0899999999999,"byYear":{"2010":7755.34,"2016":23560.38,"2022":27179.27},"corpCount":9},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":29294.850000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":23104.53,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":1288.93,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":660.03,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003298/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":575.0899999999999,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000386","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $45,000","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley received campaign contributions totaling $45,000 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($10,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($5,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($5,000); NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION ($5,000); AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":45000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STRUCTURED SETTLEMENTS TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_G000386","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 90 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 90 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): GSFTX, IGFFX, PMDIX, SOPYX, HHDFX, MQGIX, MRFIX, PRINX, ARSIX, PRCOX, WIAEX, BAFGX, TROSX, MADVX, DFMLX, … (75 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":90,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["GSFTX","IGFFX","PMDIX","SOPYX","HHDFX","MQGIX","MRFIX","PRINX","ARSIX","PRCOX","WIAEX","BAFGX","TROSX","MADVX","DFMLX","JMIEX","WFMIX","JMGRX","PBCKX","EPSYX","PPSIX","VYM","GLIFX","VDIGX","VIG"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_G000386","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 6 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.3M","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 6 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $266,002. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Farm Land-All located in Butler County,  (Farm/Ranch, $100,001 - $250,000); Farmland - all located in Butler County, (Farm/Ranch, $50,001 - $100,000); Landus Cooperative Description: Landus C (Farm/Ranch, $1,001 - $15,000); Farmstead where Senator Grassley was bor (Farm/Ranch, $1,001 - $15,000); Farmer's Cooperative Co. Description: Co (Farm/Ranch, None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":6,"totalEstMidpoint":266002,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Farm Land-All located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 34, Rng. 15-114 A (New Hartford, IA) Filer comment: See 3.2 for Net Income for all farmland.","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"},{"name":"Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 24, Rng. 15-72 A (New Hartford, Iowa) (New Hartford, IA) Filer comment: Combined Income for all farmland. Income and cash rent.","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"},{"name":"Landus Cooperative Description: Landus Cooperative (New Hartford, IA)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"},{"name":"Farmstead where Senator Grassley was born Description: Farmstead where Senator Grassley was born (New Hartford, IA) (New Hartford, IA)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"},{"name":"Farmer's Cooperative Co. Description: Cooperative (Readlyn, Iowa) Filer comment: Value of asset is under reporting threshold. This asset will be removed on the 2025 report.","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_G000386","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Officer at Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Cedar Falls, IA","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Cedar Falls, IA (Other (L.L.C.)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2022 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Cedar Falls, IA","entityType":"Other (L.L.C.)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_G000386","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$43,851.76 in outside earned income — top source: Raymond James Trust Co NH Custodian SEP IRA St Petersburg, F ($$43,851.76)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $43,851.76 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Raymond James Trust Co NH Custodian SEP IRA St Petersburg, F ($43,851.76, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":43851.76,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"Raymond James Trust Co NH Custodian SEP IRA St Petersburg, FL","amount":"$43,851.76","amountNumeric":43851.76}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_G000386_2020","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 14 new ticker holdings in 2020 not present in prior PFD filings — including MADVX, RSEGX, FCPAX, EMBIX, FSTAX, FXAIX","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 14 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: MADVX, RSEGX, FCPAX, EMBIX, FSTAX, FXAIX, FGVMX, BTMIX, HLEMX, PRCOX, WIAEX, WFMIX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2020,"count":14,"newTickers":["MADVX","RSEGX","FCPAX","EMBIX","FSTAX","FXAIX","FGVMX","BTMIX","HLEMX","PRCOX","WIAEX","WFMIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e2efff5-38bc-441f-a2e1-ae87087d436c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e2efff5-38bc-441f-a2e1-ae87087d436c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000386","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 11 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 11 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (1); comm costs advocacy (1); out of state concentration (1); family vendor (1); corporate comm cost heavy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":11,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1},{"type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000386","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_G000386_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 22 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including OIBIX, IDITX, BDJ, ALTVX, BIAGX, RRGAX","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 22 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: OIBIX, IDITX, BDJ, ALTVX, BIAGX, RRGAX, TSCPX, HIEMX, CISMX, MYSIX, HFMIX, ARIDX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":22,"divestedTickers":["OIBIX","IDITX","BDJ","ALTVX","BIAGX","RRGAX","TSCPX","HIEMX","CISMX","MYSIX","HFMIX","ARIDX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e458e03-47fd-43d6-b8e7-4012cd2dc344/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e458e03-47fd-43d6-b8e7-4012cd2dc344/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_G000386_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley discloses 9 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 9 unascertainable, 12% of 77 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 9 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 9 unascertainable) across 77 total reported assets — 12% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Company: Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. (New Hartford, Iowa) Descriptio (--) · Grandchildren 529 Account Institution: Iowa-managed by Vangard (--) · Grandchildren 529 College Savings Institution: Iowa-managed by Vangard (--) · BARBARA IRA RJ (--) · GRASSLEY FREEDOM (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":9,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":9,"totalAssets":77,"opaqueRatio":0.117,"samples":[{"asset":"Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Company: Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. (New Hartford, Iowa) Descriptio","value":"--"},{"asset":"Grandchildren 529 Account Institution: Iowa-managed by Vangard","value":"--"},{"asset":"Grandchildren 529 College Savings Institution: Iowa-managed by Vangard","value":"--"},{"asset":"BARBARA IRA RJ","value":"--"},{"asset":"GRASSLEY FREEDOM","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_G000386_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley discloses 9 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 9 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Company: Grassley Family Farms · Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Townsh · Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Townsh · Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Townsh.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":9,"properties":[{"name":"Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Company: Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. (New Hartford, Iowa) Description: L.L.C. ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 24, Rng. 15-72 A (New Hartfor","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 16, Rng. 15-118 A (New Hartfo","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 16, Rng. 15-40 A (New Hartfor","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 15, Rng. 15-43 A (New Hartfor","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 15, Rng. 15-87 A (New Hartfor","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 34 & 35, Rng. 18-120 A (New H","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Farmland - all located in Butler County, Iowa, Beaver Township Description: Sec. 34, Rng. 15-118 A (New Hartfo","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_G000386_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 PFD: 39 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (50% of 78 reported assets)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 39 reported holdings owned by Spouse (13), Joint (26), or Dependent (0) — 50% of 78 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Farmer's Cooperative Co. Description: Cooperative (Readlyn, Iowa) Filer comment: · Joint: Landus Cooperative Description: Landus Cooperative (New Hartford, IA) · Spouse: Grandchildren 529 College Savings Institution: Iowa-managed by Vangard · Spouse: Moderate Growth Aged Based 19 and Older Money Market.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":13,"Joint":26,"Dependent":0,"Self":38},"totalAssets":78,"familyShare":0.5,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Farmer's Cooperative Co. Description: Cooperative (Readlyn, Iowa) Filer comment:","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Landus Cooperative Description: Landus Cooperative (New Hartford, IA)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Grandchildren 529 College Savings Institution: Iowa-managed by Vangard","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Moderate Growth Aged Based 19 and Older Money Market","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Conservative Income Portfolio","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_G000386","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's campaign paid $102,539 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: CITIZENS FOR PAT GRASSLEY ($76,000)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 8 payments totaling $102,539 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CITIZENS FOR PAT GRASSLEY ($76,000 across 5 payments, services: POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION · NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":102539,"paymentCount":8,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR PAT GRASSLEY","total":76000,"count":5,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"GRASSLEY HAWKEYE FUND","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["2016 CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"GRASSLEY, CHARLES E","total":8539,"count":1,"descriptions":["OFFICIALLY CONNECTED-TRAVEL"]},{"payee":"GRASSLEY, PAT","total":8000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]}],"surname":"grassley"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0IA00028&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_G000386","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley filed 4 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 87 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Charles “Chuck” Grassley has filed 4 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 87 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (87d late, filed 08/10/2020) · 2020 (82d late, filed 08/05/2020) · 2018 (64d late, filed 07/18/2018) · 2015 (40d late, filed 06/24/2015).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":4,"maxDaysLate":87,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/10/2020","daysLate":87,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e2efff5-38bc-441f-a2e1-ae87087d436c/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/05/2020","daysLate":82,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/99980e0e-0de1-496a-9594-0c4ecc1f86ed/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2018,"filingDate":"07/18/2018","daysLate":64,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e458e03-47fd-43d6-b8e7-4012cd2dc344/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"06/24/2015","daysLate":40,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e5c431dc-6430-4eea-aefc-971eef55a532/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e2efff5-38bc-441f-a2e1-ae87087d436c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/99980e0e-0de1-496a-9594-0c4ecc1f86ed/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e458e03-47fd-43d6-b8e7-4012cd2dc344/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_G000386_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 PFD lists 7 entities bearing the surname \"Grassley\" — top: Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Company:","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 7 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Grassley\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Company: (asset) · Farmstead where Senator Grassley was (asset) · Community Bank & Trust (formerly (asset) · GRASSLEY FREEDOM (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Grassley","count":7,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. Company: Grassley Family Farms, L.L.C. (New Hartford, Iowa) Descriptio","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Farmstead where Senator Grassley was born Description: Farmstead where Senator Grassley was born (Ne","type":"Farm/Ranch"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Community Bank & Trust (formerly Communiy National Bank) (Waterloo, Iowa) Type: Checking Filer comme","type":"Bank Deposit"},{"source":"asset","entry":"GRASSLEY FREEDOM","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account"},{"source":"asset","entry":"GRASSLEY CAPITAL ACCESS JOINT","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Barbara Grassley RJ Account","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_G000386","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.1M total receipts) — top: GRASSLEY HAWKEYE JFC","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GRASSLEY HAWKEYE JFC (C00752253, $2.1M receipts, treasurer DATWYLER, THOMAS C). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.14,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00752253","name":"GRASSLEY HAWKEYE JFC","receipts":2143787.19,"treasurer":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00752253/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00752253/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00752253/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_G000386","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $32.5M across 33 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's FEC-bulk record shows $32.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 33 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $99.5M (PAC: $32.5M, individual: $47.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":32.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":99.54,"lifetimeIndividualM":47.19,"cycleCount":33,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S0IA00028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0IA00028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_G000386","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $100M across 33 cycles","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's FEC-bulk record shows $99.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 33 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":99.54,"cycleCount":33,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0IA00028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0IA00028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_G000386","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($32.5M PAC / $99.5M total)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($32.5M of $99.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":32.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":99.54,"pacSharePct":32.7,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"S0IA00028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0IA00028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P157_G000386","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 2,456 sponsored, 7,544 cosponsored","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's congress.gov record shows 2,456 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":2456,"cosponsoredCount":7544,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/chuck-grassley/G000386","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_G000386","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 7,544 cosponsored, 2,456 sponsored","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's congress.gov record shows 7,544 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":7544,"sponsoredCount":2456,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/chuck-grassley/G000386","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_G000386_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 77 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 77 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":77,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_G000386_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $6.2M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $6.2M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":6205636.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_G000386_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 PFD initiated 1 large new ticker position (≥$100K) — top: PBCKX ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 new ticker position in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: PBCKX ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PBCKX","asset":"PBCKX - Principal Funds Inc. Blue Chip Fd Inst Cl Filer comment: Purchased 2-15-","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2f0bcbce-b93f-44f0-b1cf-4380419ce0af/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2f0bcbce-b93f-44f0-b1cf-4380419ce0af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_IA_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IA delegation: Charles “Chuck” Grassley & Joni Ernst both flagged on 13 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from IA — Charles “Chuck” Grassley and Joni Ernst — are flagged on the same 13 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P19, P58, P61, P63, P70, P74.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"IA","otherSenatorBid":"E000295","otherSenatorName":"Joni Ernst","sharedDetectorCount":13,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P19","P58","P61","P63","P70","P74","P79","P84","P90","P93","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000386","https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000295"]},{"id":"P193_G000386_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley — 27 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley's 2025 Senate PFD shows 27 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":27,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b466530c-0aae-4013-a055-8a517731a565/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_G000386","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($49.8M)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $49.8M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":49769509,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0IA00028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001188":[{"id":"P6_S001188_ue47bx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$393,226 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Freedom Political Action Committ","explanation":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee spent $393,226 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00657866","name":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee","support":393226,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657866/"]},{"id":"P6_S001188_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$293,169 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","explanation":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION spent $293,169 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":293168.9,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P7_S001188_jae0zu","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,850,497 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,850,497 opposing this member across 181 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2850497.33,"totalSupport":1054834.75,"events":181,"topAttackers":[{"name":"AMERICA LEADS ACTION INC.","oppose":1813753.12},{"name":"WFW ACTION FUND INC","oppose":554413.13},{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":482331.08}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001188_6tj4kk","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $188,006 / spent $154,392","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00492868","cmteName":"MARLIN PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":63331,"totalDisbursements":58471.9,"cashOnHand":4859.15},{"cmteId":"C00492868","cmteName":"MARLIN PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":71150,"totalDisbursements":51617,"cashOnHand":24392.16},{"cmteId":"C00838128","cmteName":"MAKING AMERICA RESTORE LEADERSHIP & INDEPENDENCE NOW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2024","totalReceipts":21916.5,"totalDisbursements":8043,"cashOnHand":13873.55},{"cmteId":"C00838128","cmteName":"MAKING AMERICA RESTORE LEADERSHIP & INDEPENDENCE NOW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2026","totalReceipts":31608.6,"totalDisbursements":36260.4,"cashOnHand":9221.79}],"totalRaised":188006.1,"totalSpent":154392.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001188_7fudv9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $4,604,603 in itemized individual contributions, $3,091,479 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4604603,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-231434,"$200.01-$499":265346,"$500-$999":419581,"$1000-$1999":1059631,"$2000 and over":3091479},"megaShare":67.1,"smallDonorShare":-5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001188_6yifdh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$219,603 donation spike on 2016-05-24 — 17.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-05-24 this committee recorded $219,603 across 182 contributions — 17.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,510.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00484683","date":"2016-05-24","amount":219603,"count":182,"baseline":12510,"ratio":17.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484683/"]},{"id":"P15_S001188_lmu5mn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$202,775 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $202,775 across 116 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,005.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00484683","date":"2015-09-30","amount":202775,"count":116,"baseline":21005,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484683/"]},{"id":"P15_S001188_lmw2l8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$144,142 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 13.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $144,142 across 91 contributions — 13.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,911.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00484683","date":"2015-06-30","amount":144142,"count":91,"baseline":10911,"ratio":13.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484683/"]},{"id":"P15_S001188_6yjpbr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,215 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $106,215 across 141 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,240.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00484683","date":"2016-03-31","amount":106215,"count":141,"baseline":14240,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484683/"]},{"id":"P15_S001188_9bb8jn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,535 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $53,535 across 39 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,726.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00484683","date":"2011-09-30","amount":53535,"count":39,"baseline":4726,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484683/"]},{"id":"P15_S001188_6yjpdc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,512 donation spike on 2016-03-16 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-16 this committee recorded $52,512 across 45 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,151.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00484683","date":"2016-03-16","amount":52512,"count":45,"baseline":8151,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484683/"]},{"id":"P62_S001188","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $219,603 on 2016-05-24 (17.6× normal)","explanation":"Marlin Stutzman's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $219,603 on 2016-05-24 — 17.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":417280,"maxRatio":17.6,"maxAmount":219603},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-05-24","amount":219603,"ratio":17.6,"baselineDaily":12510,"count":182,"cmteId":"C00484683","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00484683&min_date=2016-05-24&max_date=2016-05-24"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-06-30","amount":144142,"ratio":13.2,"baselineDaily":10911,"count":91,"cmteId":"C00484683","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00484683&min_date=2015-06-30&max_date=2015-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-09-30","amount":53535,"ratio":11.3,"baselineDaily":4726,"count":39,"cmteId":"C00484683","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00484683&min_date=2011-09-30&max_date=2011-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484683/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00484683&min_date=2016-05-24&max_date=2016-05-24"]},{"id":"P86_S001188","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marlin Stutzman named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Marlin Stutzman appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Marlin Stutzman","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-marl-0/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Marlin Stutzman","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-marlin/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-marl-0/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-marlin/"]},{"id":"P138_S001188","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marlin Stutzman draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.3M PAC / $7.3M total)","explanation":"Marlin Stutzman's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.3M of $7.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.32,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.27,"pacSharePct":45.7,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0IN03198"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IN03198/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P152_S001188","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marlin Stutzman operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.2M combined receipts)","explanation":"Marlin Stutzman operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.2M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: MARLIN PAC (C00492868) · MAKING AMERICA RESTORE LEADERSHIP & INDEPENDENCE NOW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (C00838128).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.19,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00492868","cmteName":"MARLIN PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00838128","cmteName":"MAKING AMERICA RESTORE LEADERSHIP & INDEPENDENCE NOW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492868/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00838128/"]}],"S000522":[{"id":"P6_S000522_ud4hi2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$414,930 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AUTISM HEAR US NOW LLC","explanation":"AUTISM HEAR US NOW LLC spent $414,930 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 826 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00671685","name":"AUTISM HEAR US NOW LLC","support":414930.18999999977,"oppose":0,"events":826}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00671685/"]},{"id":"P9_S000522_b0priv","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,777 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,777 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13776.510000000002,"oppose":0,"net":13776.510000000002,"events":19,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6619,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":5054.320000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70004361","name":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS ","support":1672.13,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":431.06,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S000522_luxrfn","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $128,820 in itemized individual contributions, $85,500 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":128820,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-4900,"$200.01-$499":22420,"$500-$999":12500,"$1000-$1999":13300,"$2000 and over":85500},"megaShare":66.4,"smallDonorShare":-3.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_S000522","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $56,500","explanation":"Christopher “Chris” Smith received campaign contributions totaling $56,500 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($12,500); UA PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS - LOCAL 51 ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($9,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS ($5,000); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":56500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS PAC(AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":12500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS LOCAL NO. 9 PAC","ldaClient":"UA PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS - LOCAL 51","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNTIONAL UNION OF NA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ELEVATOR CONSTRUCTORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION PAC","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_S000522","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher “Chris” Smith draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.0M PAC / $28.7M total)","explanation":"Christopher “Chris” Smith's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.0M of $28.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.71,"pacSharePct":31.4,"cycleCount":48,"fecId":"H8NJ04014"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NJ04014/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P157_S000522","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher “Chris” Smith ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 936 sponsored, 7,627 cosponsored","explanation":"Christopher “Chris” Smith's congress.gov record shows 936 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":936,"cosponsoredCount":7627,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/christopher-h.-smith/S000522","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_S000522","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher “Chris” Smith ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 7,627 cosponsored, 936 sponsored","explanation":"Christopher “Chris” Smith's congress.gov record shows 7,627 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":7627,"sponsoredCount":936,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/christopher-h.-smith/S000522","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P181_S000522","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher “Chris” Smith — 85 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Christopher “Chris” Smith sponsored 85 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":85}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000522_VietnamHumanRightsAc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher “Chris” Smith sponsored \"Vietnam Human Rights Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Christopher “Chris” Smith has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Vietnam Human Rights Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000522_GlobalOnlineFreedomA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher “Chris” Smith sponsored \"Global Online Freedom Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Christopher “Chris” Smith has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Global Online Freedom Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000359":[{"id":"P6_G000359_uu4tav","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$9,874,753 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Security Is Strength PAC","explanation":"Security Is Strength PAC spent $9,874,753 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 195 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00573733","name":"Security Is Strength PAC","support":9874752.860000007,"oppose":0,"events":195}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573733/"]},{"id":"P6_G000359_tx76zo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,378,993 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC. spent $1,378,993 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00750182","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","support":1378993.3299999998,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750182/"]},{"id":"P6_G000359_twnejf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$270,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","explanation":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND spent $270,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00760124","name":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","support":270000,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760124/"]},{"id":"P6_G000359_d0n2is","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$267,794 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CITIZENS FOR RESPONSIBLE ENERGY SOLUTION","explanation":"CITIZENS FOR RESPONSIBLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS INC. spent $267,794 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90014838","name":"CITIZENS FOR RESPONSIBLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS INC.","support":267794.38,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90014838/"]},{"id":"P7_G000359_9bebe0","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $16,913,189 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $16,913,189 opposing this member across 588 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":16913188.949999988,"totalSupport":12680257.510000005,"events":588,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":4953640.8100000005},{"name":"The Lincoln Project","oppose":2929541.27},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":1860900.6},{"name":"Liberty SC","oppose":1617119.11},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":1522325.72}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000359_yozr1c","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$374,081 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $374,081 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":374080.7,"oppose":0,"net":374080.7,"events":33,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":357312.51999999996,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":12686.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":3319.81,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":478.92,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":126.67,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000359_c6efxa","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $5,726,567 / spent $5,665,484","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00388934","cmteName":"FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":661466,"totalDisbursements":620468.1,"cashOnHand":44262.98},{"cmteId":"C00388934","cmteName":"FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":501250,"totalDisbursements":515315.8,"cashOnHand":30197.21},{"cmteId":"C00388934","cmteName":"FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":439115.3,"totalDisbursements":437098.6,"cashOnHand":32213.97},{"cmteId":"C00388934","cmteName":"FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":556794.1,"totalDisbursements":555570,"cashOnHand":33438.09},{"cmteId":"C00388934","cmteName":"FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":637847.3,"totalDisbursements":581481,"cashOnHand":89804.3}],"totalRaised":5726567,"totalSpent":5665483.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_G000359_y22131","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of itemized donations from outside SC","explanation":"Only $1,423,487 of $3,671,965 itemized individual contributions came from SC. The rest — $2,248,478 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"SC","homeStateTotal":1423487,"outOfStateTotal":2248478,"outOfStateShare":61.2,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":199252},{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":101200},{"stateZip3":"CA902","amount":95000},{"stateZip3":"CT068","amount":87700},{"stateZip3":"AR722","amount":66000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000359_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"209886 employees of RETIRED gave $23,558,533 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 209886× RETIRED = $23,558,533; 17939× SELF = $3,019,078; 3278× NONE = $1,633,025. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":209886,"total":23558533,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":17939,"total":3019078,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":3278,"total":1633025,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000359_oa9vpk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$297,914 donation spike on 2021-06-11 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-11 this committee recorded $297,914 across 195 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $29,165.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458828","date":"2021-06-11","amount":297914,"count":195,"baseline":29165,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458828/"]},{"id":"P15_G000359_oa9vpo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$290,027 donation spike on 2021-06-15 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-15 this committee recorded $290,027 across 148 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $38,030.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458828","date":"2021-06-15","amount":290027,"count":148,"baseline":38030,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458828/"]},{"id":"P15_G000359_5hqbve","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$302,737 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $302,737 across 183 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $36,836.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578757","date":"2015-06-30","amount":302737,"count":183,"baseline":36836,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578757/"]},{"id":"P15_G000359_5hqbw4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$221,326 donation spike on 2015-06-25 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-25 this committee recorded $221,326 across 177 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,213.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578757","date":"2015-06-25","amount":221326,"count":177,"baseline":21213,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578757/"]},{"id":"P15_G000359_5hoewt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$203,490 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $203,490 across 118 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,226.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578757","date":"2015-09-30","amount":203490,"count":118,"baseline":18226,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578757/"]},{"id":"P15_G000359_96ledo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$202,950 donation spike on 2016-02-20 — 17.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-02-20 this committee recorded $202,950 across 85 contributions — 17.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,417.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578757","date":"2016-02-20","amount":202950,"count":85,"baseline":11417,"ratio":17.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578757/"]},{"id":"P15_G000359_5hp1x1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,325 donation spike on 2015-08-26 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-08-26 this committee recorded $68,325 across 41 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,244.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578757","date":"2015-08-26","amount":68325,"count":41,"baseline":10244,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578757/"]},{"id":"P15_G000359_5hoez6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,000 donation spike on 2015-09-08 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-08 this committee recorded $63,000 across 44 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,004.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578757","date":"2015-09-08","amount":63000,"count":44,"baseline":10004,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578757/"]},{"id":"P15_G000359_96krf1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,591 donation spike on 2016-01-31 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-01-31 this committee recorded $56,591 across 27 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,766.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578757","date":"2016-01-31","amount":56591,"count":27,"baseline":4766,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578757/"]},{"id":"P19_G000359_rxfsyi","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lindsey Graham campaign paid $3,236,353 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: GULA GRAHAM GROUP","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's campaign paid 77 disbursements totaling $3,236,353 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GULA GRAHAM GROUP","total":936957.5599999999,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"GULA GRAHAM GROUP","amount":74862.68,"date":"2016-07-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANTING","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GULA GRAHAM GROUP","amount":70046.5,"date":"2016-04-21","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GULA GRAHAM GROUP","amount":68974,"date":"2017-07-20","description":"FUNDRAISING FEE","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE GULA GRAHAM GROUP","total":705662.01,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"THE GULA GRAHAM GROUP","amount":91000,"date":"2015-07-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THE GULA GRAHAM GROUP","amount":76974.82,"date":"2016-08-04","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING/SHIPPING/TRAVEL/E","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THE GULA GRAHAM GROUP","amount":68659.5,"date":"2014-10-21","description":"FUNDRAISING: FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GULA GRAHAM","total":516875.78,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GULA GRAHAM","amount":101896.2,"date":"2018-09-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GULA GRAHAM","amount":77169.73,"date":"2018-11-05","description":"SEE MEMO ITEMS","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GULA GRAHAM","amount":76826.68,"date":"2018-11-05","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TRUMP-GRAHAM MAJORITY FUND","total":480000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"TRUMP-GRAHAM MAJORITY FUND","amount":130000,"date":"2025-10-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"TRUMP-GRAHAM MAJORITY FUND","amount":100000,"date":"2021-04-28","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JOEL CARTER","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"TRUMP-GRAHAM MAJORITY FUND","amount":100000,"date":"2021-05-07","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM WALLACE CHEVES","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALLEN, GRAHAM","total":92000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ALLEN, GRAHAM","amount":92000,"date":"2022-01-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"graham","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SANDERS & WESTBROOK, PC","total":75012.5,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SANDERS & WESTBROOK, PC","amount":15000,"date":"2018-11-08","description":"LEGAL SERVICES - ELECTION PROTECTION","surnameMatched":"westbrook","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SANDERS & WESTBROOK, PC","amount":15000,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES - ELECTION PROTECTION","surnameMatched":"westbrook","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SANDERS & WESTBROOK, PC","amount":15000,"date":"2018-09-13","description":"LEGAL SERVICES - ELECTION PROTECTION","surnameMatched":"westbrook","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GULA%20GRAHAM%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P25_G000359_Finance","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of PAC dollars ($1,356,350) come from Finance industry","explanation":"Lindsey Graham receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Finance issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Finance","amount":1356350.4400000002,"share":65.1,"totalPAC":2083639.57,"pacCount":24},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":1356350.4400000002,"share":65.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":323103.36,"share":15.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":271927.43,"share":13.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":73258.34,"share":3.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_G000359_xfkeyj","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH LLP FEDERAL POLITICAL CO","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P35_G000359_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"LCV Victory Fund both supported ($50,000) and opposed ($1,522,326) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Lindsey Graham advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":50000,"oppose":1522325.72,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P36_G000359","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 22 total findings","explanation":"Lindsey Graham has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":22,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_G000359_VIG_20240126","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VIG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lindsey Graham sell $VIG 1 day after a corporate insider (Vig Pamela  (CIK 0001780069)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIG","filer":"Vig Pamela  (CIK 0001780069)","filingDate":"2024-01-25","adsh":"0001415889-24-001826","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000359_VIG_20240126","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VIG 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lindsey Graham sell $VIG 7 days before a corporate insider (Vig Ritu  (CIK 0001787703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIG","filer":"Vig Ritu  (CIK 0001787703)","filingDate":"2024-02-02","adsh":"0001171843-24-000567"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_G000359_VIG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $VIG — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham disclosed an asset position in $VIG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VIG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VIG","assetName":"VIG - Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund ETF IRA","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VIG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_G000359_VWUSX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $VWUSX — also a disclosed holding ($50,001 - $100,000)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham disclosed an asset position in $VWUSX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $50,001 - $100,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VWUSX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VWUSX","assetName":"VWUSX - Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund Investor Shares","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VWUSX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_G000359_IBDQ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $IBDQ — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham disclosed an asset position in $IBDQ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $IBDQ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IBDQ","assetName":"IBDQ - Dec 2025 Term Corp Ishares Ibonds ETF IRA","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IBDQ","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-18"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_G000359_BSCP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $BSCP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham disclosed an asset position in $BSCP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $BSCP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BSCP","assetName":"BSCP - Invesco BulletShares 2025 Corporate Bond ETF","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BSCP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_G000359_USFR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $USFR — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham disclosed an asset position in $USFR on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $USFR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"USFR","assetName":"USFR - Wisdomtree Floating Rate Treasury Fund","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"USFR","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-26"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_G000359_XONE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $XONE — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham disclosed an asset position in $XONE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $XONE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XONE","assetName":"XONE - BondBloxx ETF Trust BondBloxx Bloomberg One Year T (IRA)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XONE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_G000359_IBDO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IBDO — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham disclosed an asset position in $IBDO on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IBDO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IBDO","assetName":"IBDO - iShares iBonds Dec 2023 Term Corporate ETF-IRA","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/319f8450-cb8b-4dee-a7e5-f2c779b7d54f/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IBDO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/319f8450-cb8b-4dee-a7e5-f2c779b7d54f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_G000359_VTIP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $VTIP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham disclosed an asset position in $VTIP on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VTIP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VTIP","assetName":"VTIP - Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities (IRA)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/936d32c4-9477-4949-80fd-535c6fed902c/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VTIP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/936d32c4-9477-4949-80fd-535c6fed902c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_G000359","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$374K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 96% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Lindsey Graham received $374,080.7 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($357,312.52 = 96%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":374080.7,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2014":44380.29,"2020":329700.41},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":357312.51999999996,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":12686.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":3319.81,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":478.92,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":126.67,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000359","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $1,591,012.07","explanation":"Lindsey Graham received campaign contributions totaling $1,591,012.07 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FIDELITY INVESTMENTS ($1,346,884.64); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($114,250); PALADIN DATA SYSTEMS ($94,877.43); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($10,000); NATIONAL MARINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":1591012.07,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"FIDELITY INVESTMENTS","ldaClient":"FIDELITY INVESTMENTS","donorTotal":1346884.6400000001,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":114250,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PALADIN DATA LLC","ldaClient":"PALADIN DATA SYSTEMS","donorTotal":94877.43,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION PAC (AAHOA PAC)","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MARINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AND MARINE RETAILERS ASSOCIATION BOAT","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MARINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000359","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $297,914 on 2021-06-11 (10.2× normal)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $297,914 on 2021-06-11 — 10.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":982271,"maxRatio":17.8,"maxAmount":297914},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-11","amount":297914,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":29165,"count":195,"cmteId":"C00458828","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458828&min_date=2021-06-11&max_date=2021-06-11"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-06-25","amount":221326,"ratio":10.4,"baselineDaily":21213,"count":177,"cmteId":"C00578757","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578757&min_date=2015-06-25&max_date=2015-06-25"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-09-30","amount":203490,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":18226,"count":118,"cmteId":"C00578757","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578757&min_date=2015-09-30&max_date=2015-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-02-20","amount":202950,"ratio":17.8,"baselineDaily":11417,"count":85,"cmteId":"C00578757","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578757&min_date=2016-02-20&max_date=2016-02-20"},{"source":"spike","date":"2016-01-31","amount":56591,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":4766,"count":27,"cmteId":"C00578757","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00578757&min_date=2016-01-31&max_date=2016-01-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458828/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00458828&min_date=2021-06-11&max_date=2021-06-11"]},{"id":"P74_G000359_2023","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 6 new ticker holdings in 2023 not present in prior PFD filings — including IBDQ, PRF, BSCP, SYLD, USFR, BSCR","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 6 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: IBDQ, PRF, BSCP, SYLD, USFR, BSCR.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2023,"count":6,"newTickers":["IBDQ","PRF","BSCP","SYLD","USFR","BSCR"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/319f8450-cb8b-4dee-a7e5-f2c779b7d54f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/319f8450-cb8b-4dee-a7e5-f2c779b7d54f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000359","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 37 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lindsey Graham appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 37 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (9); senate pfd holding trade (8); ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":37,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":8},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000359","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_G000359_2019","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham filed 2 amendments to the 2019 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Lindsey Graham's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2019 report alone, with 4 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2019,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/19f62fcb-98f4-42ec-acca-0b66a716346f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4818bd0f-0863-4367-b9f9-be17a5e4b861/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/19f62fcb-98f4-42ec-acca-0b66a716346f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4818bd0f-0863-4367-b9f9-be17a5e4b861/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_G000359","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lindsey Graham's campaign paid $4,428,566 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: TEAM GRAHAM ($1,667,403)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 51 payments totaling $4,428,566 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TEAM GRAHAM ($1,667,403 across 7 payments, services: DISTRIBUITON OF NET JFC PROCEEDS · DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS · DIRECT CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":4428566.009999999,"paymentCount":51,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TEAM GRAHAM","total":1667403.41,"count":7,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUITON OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","DIRECT CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"GULA GRAHAM GROUP","total":936957.5599999999,"count":17,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTANTING","FUNDRAISING EXPENSES","FUNDRAISING FEE"]},{"payee":"THE GULA GRAHAM GROUP","total":705662.01,"count":12,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING/SHIPPING/TRAVEL/E","FUNDRAISING: FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GULA GRAHAM","total":516875.78,"count":8,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","SEE MEMO ITEMS","FUNDRAISING COMMISSION"]},{"payee":"TRUMP-GRAHAM MAJORITY FUND","total":480000,"count":5,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JOEL CARTER","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM WALLACE CHEVES"]}],"surname":"graham"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0SC00149&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_G000359","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham filed 3 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 89 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Lindsey Graham has filed 3 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 89 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (89d late, filed 08/12/2020) · 2020 (89d late, filed 08/12/2020) · 2010 (65d late, filed 07/19/2010).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":3,"maxDaysLate":89,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/12/2020","daysLate":89,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/538abc14-500d-4942-972b-906ba5fc503d/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/12/2020","daysLate":89,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/309afa86-9e7f-4699-929c-b091b8f4e353/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"07/19/2010","daysLate":65,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/EC8153BC-05F8-4EDB-8555-970E0BF50537/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/538abc14-500d-4942-972b-906ba5fc503d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/309afa86-9e7f-4699-929c-b091b8f4e353/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/EC8153BC-05F8-4EDB-8555-970E0BF50537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_G000359","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($9.2M total receipts) — top: GRAHAM MAJORITY FUND","explanation":"Lindsey Graham appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $9.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GRAHAM MAJORITY FUND (C00690891, $7.0M receipts, treasurer LISKER, LISA). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":9.25,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00690891","name":"GRAHAM MAJORITY FUND","receipts":7006992.15,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00690891/"},{"committeeId":"C00726612","name":"GRAHAM VICTORY 2020","receipts":2242730,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00726612/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00690891/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00690891/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_G000359","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lindsey Graham ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.3M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's FEC-bulk record shows $20.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $330.1M (PAC: $20.3M, individual: $277.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.26,"lifetimeReceiptsM":330.14,"lifetimeIndividualM":277.16,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S0SC00149"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0SC00149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_G000359","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lindsey Graham ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $330M across 18 cycles","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's FEC-bulk record shows $330.1M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":330.14,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0SC00149"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0SC00149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000359","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lindsey Graham's PAC funding concentrates 97% in Finance ($1.35M / $1.39M classified)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's PAC donors concentrate 97% in the Finance industry — $1.35M of $1.39M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $1.35M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":1.35,"totalPacAmountM":1.39,"concentrationPct":97.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":1.35,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0SC00149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_G000359","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lindsey Graham triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Lindsey Graham accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_G000359","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham operates leadership PAC with $5.7M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE","explanation":"Lindsey Graham operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $5.7M and disbursements of $5.7M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE (C00388934). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":5.73,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.67,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00388934","cmteName":"FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00388934/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_G000359","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham's leadership PAC disbursed $5.7M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's leadership PAC disbursed $5.7M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE (C00388934).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.67,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00388934","cmteName":"FUND FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00388934/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_G000359","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 759 sponsored, 3,613 cosponsored","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's congress.gov record shows 759 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":759,"cosponsoredCount":3613,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/lindsey-graham/G000359","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_G000359_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 32 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 32 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":32,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_G000359_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham's 2025 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Mortgage from Mr. Cooper Mortgage Washington, at 3.625% (30 years)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Mortgage from Mr. Cooper Mortgage Washington, at 3.625% (30 years) ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2012","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.625% (30 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Mr. Cooper Mortgage Washington, DC"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/82a8cef2-fa7e-4ce7-92d2-798715c28d5f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/82a8cef2-fa7e-4ce7-92d2-798715c28d5f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_SC_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SC delegation: Lindsey Graham & Tim Scott both flagged on 18 shared detector types (10 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from SC — Lindsey Graham and Tim Scott — are flagged on the same 18 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 10 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P14, P15, P19, P25.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"SC","juniorSenatorBid":"S001184","juniorSenatorName":"Tim Scott","sharedDetectorCount":18,"sharedHighCount":10,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P36","P58","P62","P74","P82","P90","P93","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000359","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001184"]},{"id":"P181_G000359","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham — 94 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham sponsored 94 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":94}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_G000359_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lindsey Graham — 19 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Lindsey Graham's 2025 Senate PFD shows 19 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":19,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/696f53d0-7b88-4762-90bd-fbc241707c55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_G000359","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lindsey Graham — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($165.1M)","explanation":"Lindsey Graham is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $165.1M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":165071897,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0SC00149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000009":[{"id":"P6_K000009_ufsxdt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$532,564 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from New American Jobs Fund","explanation":"New American Jobs Fund spent $532,564 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00625533","name":"New American Jobs Fund","support":532563.8999999999,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00625533/"]},{"id":"P6_K000009_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$355,257 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC (also direct donor)","explanation":"DCCC spent $355,257 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 41 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":355256.74,"oppose":0,"events":41},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"DEMOCRATIC CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE (DCCC)","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_K000009_wrw68r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$278,100 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Congressional Black Caucus PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"Congressional Black Caucus PAC spent $278,100 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00147512","name":"Congressional Black Caucus PAC","support":278100.32,"oppose":0,"events":4},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"DEMOCRATIC CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE (DCCC)","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00147512/"]},{"id":"P7_K000009_y3r7v1","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,568,067 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,568,067 opposing this member across 262 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3568067.27,"totalSupport":1830492.6900000002,"events":262,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":2033272.86},{"name":"WIN IT BACK PAC","oppose":615133.2699999999},{"name":"The Sentinel Action Fund","oppose":292295.35},{"name":"DRAIN THE DC SWAMP PAC","oppose":282000.83999999997},{"name":"CAMPAIGN FOR PRIMARY ACCOUNTABILITY INC","oppose":146295.27}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000009_aft4g1","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$28,389 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $28,389 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":28388.699999999997,"oppose":0,"net":28388.699999999997,"events":57,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":17202.78,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":7284.24,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":2746.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004452","name":"OHIO COUNCIL 8, AFSCME, AFL-CIO","support":780.16,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","O "]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":253.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000009_ndxcn6","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $695,015 / spent $464,995","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00417865","cmteName":"TRUEDEM LEADERSHIP FUND","year":"2010","totalReceipts":16000,"totalDisbursements":22081,"cashOnHand":32447.96},{"cmteId":"C00417865","cmteName":"TRUEDEM LEADERSHIP FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":20500,"totalDisbursements":41550.3,"cashOnHand":11397.67},{"cmteId":"C00417865","cmteName":"TRUEDEM LEADERSHIP FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":50800,"totalDisbursements":20893.8,"cashOnHand":41303.92},{"cmteId":"C00417865","cmteName":"TRUEDEM LEADERSHIP FUND","year":"2016","totalReceipts":55500,"totalDisbursements":4229,"cashOnHand":92574.88},{"cmteId":"C00417865","cmteName":"TRUEDEM LEADERSHIP FUND","year":"2018","totalReceipts":89200,"totalDisbursements":31256.8,"cashOnHand":150518.06}],"totalRaised":695014.8,"totalSpent":464995.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_K000009_lw5wjk","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"96% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $101,400 in itemized individual contributions, $97,800 (96%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":101400,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":300,"$500-$999":2300,"$1000-$1999":1000,"$2000 and over":97800},"megaShare":96.4,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000009_7v5mzb","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur campaign paid $10,533 to 2 surname-matched vendors, top: KAPTUR, ELIZABETH","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur's campaign paid 2 disbursements totaling $10,533 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAPTUR, ELIZABETH","total":5533,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KAPTUR, ELIZABETH","amount":5533,"date":"2009-08-28","description":"BINGO WINNINGS","surnameMatched":"kaptur","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAPTUR, MARCY (MARCIA) C","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KAPTUR, MARCY (MARCIA) C","amount":5000,"date":"2020-10-29","description":"","surnameMatched":"kaptur","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KAPTUR"]},{"id":"P36_K000009","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_K000009_DEMOCRATIC_SENATORIAL_CAMPAIGN","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE $5.0M — vendor also donated $10,000","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur's campaign committee paid $5,000,000 to DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $10,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 500.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","total":5000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=DEMOCRATIC%20SENATORIAL%20CAMPAIGN%20COMMITTEE"},{"source":"donor","name":"DEMOCRATIC CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE (DCCC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=DEMOCRATIC%20CONGRESSIONAL%20CAMPAIGN%20COMMITTEE%20(DCCC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=DEMOCRATIC%20SENATORIAL%20CAMPAIGN%20COMMITTEE","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=DEMOCRATIC%20CONGRESSIONAL%20CAMPAIGN%20COMMITTEE%20(DCCC)"]},{"id":"P61_K000009","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $175,000","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur received campaign contributions totaling $175,000 from 27 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 25 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEME ($10,000); CLIFFS NATURAL RESOURCES INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CL ($10,000); GROWTH ENERGY ($10,000); GENERAL ATOMICS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":27,"totalDollars":175000,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","ldaClient":"UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CLIFFS NATURAL RESOURCES  INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (CLIFFSPAC)","ldaClient":"CLIFFS NATURAL RESOURCES INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC )","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GROWTH ENERGY PAC","ldaClient":"GROWTH ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GENERAL ATOMICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_K000009","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marcy Kaptur's campaign paid $5,533 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: KAPTUR, ELIZABETH ($5,533)","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $5,533 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KAPTUR, ELIZABETH ($5,533 across 1 payments, services: BINGO WINNINGS). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5533,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KAPTUR, ELIZABETH","total":5533,"count":1,"descriptions":["BINGO WINNINGS"]}],"surname":"kaptur"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OH09031&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_K000009","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.3M across 46 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur's FEC-bulk record shows $20.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 46 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $45.7M (PAC: $20.3M, individual: $20.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.28,"lifetimeReceiptsM":45.72,"lifetimeIndividualM":20.03,"cycleCount":46,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2OH09031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH09031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_K000009","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($20.3M PAC / $45.7M total)","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($20.3M of $45.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":20.28,"lifetimeReceiptsM":45.72,"pacSharePct":44.3,"cycleCount":46,"fecId":"H2OH09031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH09031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_K000009","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marcy Kaptur ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 10,198 cosponsored, 506 sponsored","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur's congress.gov record shows 10,198 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":10198,"sponsoredCount":506,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/marcy-kaptur/K000009","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_ProducetheNoteActof2","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"Produce the Note Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Produce the Note Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_FannieMaeandFreddieM","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Investigative Commission Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Investigative Commission Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_CongressionalMadeinA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"Congressional Made in America Promise Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Congressional Made in America Promise Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_SeedAvailabilityandC","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"Seed Availability and Competition Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Seed Availability and Competition Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_DemocratizingtheFede","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"Democratizing the Federal Reserve System Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Democratizing the Federal Reserve System Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_EthicsinForeignLobby","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"Ethics in Foreign Lobbying Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Ethics in Foreign Lobbying Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_ReturntoPrudentBanki","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"Return to Prudent Banking Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Return to Prudent Banking Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_21stCenturyCivilianC","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"21st Century Civilian Conservation Corps Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"21st Century Civilian Conservation Corps Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000009_TransparencyandSecur","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcy Kaptur sponsored \"Transparency and Security in Mortgage Registration Act of 20\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcy Kaptur has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Transparency and Security in Mortgage Registration Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000574":[{"id":"P6_G000574_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$10,039,655 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $10,039,655 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":10039655,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,965,821 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $2,965,821 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":2965821.3699999996,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,899,863 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets","explanation":"VoteVets spent $2,899,863 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":2899862.61,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_tys09t","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,209,400 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Somos PAC","explanation":"Somos PAC spent $2,209,400 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00724203","name":"Somos PAC","support":2209400.37,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00724203/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_tx3a59","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,996,215 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Worker Power PAC","explanation":"Worker Power PAC spent $1,996,215 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 284 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00756569","name":"Worker Power PAC","support":1996215.13,"oppose":0,"events":284}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756569/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_tfiixs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,796,753 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WinSenate","explanation":"WinSenate spent $1,796,753 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00865444","name":"WinSenate","support":1796753.2999999998,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00865444/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,562,313 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $1,562,313 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 40 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":1562313.4999999998,"oppose":0,"events":40}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_vsqm6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,118,297 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CHC BOLD PAC","explanation":"CHC BOLD PAC spent $1,118,297 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00365536","name":"CHC BOLD PAC","support":1118296.9200000002,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00365536/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_d0oazk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$930,743 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Worker Power","explanation":"Worker Power spent $930,743 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1374 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90016627","name":"Worker Power","support":930742.6500000003,"oppose":0,"events":1374}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016627/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_xap3ax","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$526,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Federation of State County & Mu","explanation":"American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees PEOPLE spent $526,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00011114","name":"American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees PEOPLE","support":526000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00011114/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_va4uc7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$415,592 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Nurses United for Patient Prote","explanation":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection spent $415,592 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00490375","name":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection","support":415591.6,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00490375/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_tx5tab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$388,444 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from One For All Committee","explanation":"One For All Committee spent $388,444 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00752691","name":"One For All Committee","support":388444.07,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00752691/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_uwvt1a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$353,292 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from United We Can","explanation":"United We Can spent $353,292 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00523621","name":"United We Can","support":353291.55,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523621/"]},{"id":"P6_G000574_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$255,740 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SEIU COPE (Service Employees Internation","explanation":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) spent $255,740 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":255740.34,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P7_G000574_wthmwy","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $27,842,949 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $27,842,949 opposing this member across 2394 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":27842949.039999995,"totalSupport":29086614.409999974,"events":2394,"topAttackers":[{"name":"WIN IT BACK PAC","oppose":15483630.059999999},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":4708767.61},{"name":"ESAFund","oppose":3918757.82},{"name":"JEFFERSON RISING","oppose":1375550},{"name":"WOMEN SPEAK OUT PAC","oppose":886743.7399999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000574_tlqb97","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$200,472 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $200,472 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":200511.54,"oppose":39.27,"net":200472.27000000002,"events":47,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":113608.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":36871.47,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":26356.11,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7388.83,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":7270,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000574_v850ta","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,164,391 / spent $1,771,013","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00576975","cmteName":"LATINO LEADERS FOR EQUALITY, GROWTH, OPPORTUNITY, PROGRESSIVE ACTION & CHANGE (LLEGO-PAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":89300,"totalDisbursements":81468.4,"cashOnHand":7831.63},{"cmteId":"C00576975","cmteName":"LATINO LEADERS FOR EQUALITY, GROWTH, OPPORTUNITY, PROGRESSIVE ACTION & CHANGE (LLEGO-PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":72000,"totalDisbursements":66356.8,"cashOnHand":13474.81},{"cmteId":"C00576975","cmteName":"LATINO LEADERS FOR EQUALITY, GROWTH, OPPORTUNITY, PROGRESSIVE ACTION & CHANGE (LLEGO-PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":110984.2,"totalDisbursements":114615.9,"cashOnHand":9843.12},{"cmteId":"C00576975","cmteName":"LATINO LEADERS FOR EQUALITY, GROWTH, OPPORTUNITY, PROGRESSIVE ACTION & CHANGE (LLEGO-PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":163558.4,"totalDisbursements":150951.3,"cashOnHand":22450.19},{"cmteId":"C00892752","cmteName":"JUNTOS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":53815,"totalDisbursements":1053.2,"cashOnHand":52761.77}],"totalRaised":2164391.4,"totalSpent":1771012.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000574_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"226721 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $18,491,881 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 226721× NOT EMPLOYED = $18,491,881; 12976× SELF EMPLOYED = $2,448,874. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":226721,"total":18491881,"years":["2014","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":12976,"total":2448874,"years":["2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000574_dl4vjg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$203,998 donation spike on 2023-01-23 — 20.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-01-23 this committee recorded $203,998 across 413 contributions — 20.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,112.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558627","date":"2023-01-23","amount":203998,"count":413,"baseline":10112,"ratio":20.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558627/"]},{"id":"P15_G000574_dl9zgg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$153,821 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $153,821 across 904 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,574.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558627","date":"2023-09-30","amount":153821,"count":904,"baseline":21574,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558627/"]},{"id":"P19_G000574_2iulov","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ruben Gallego campaign paid $11,003,670 to 35 surname-matched vendors, top: HALL, MELVIN","explanation":"Ruben Gallego's campaign paid 142 disbursements totaling $11,003,670 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HALL, MELVIN","total":2525000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"HALL, MELVIN","amount":600000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HALL, MELVIN","amount":500000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HALL, MELVIN","amount":400000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HERRERA ARELLANO LLP","total":1652180.71,"count":61,"samples":[{"payee":"HERRERA ARELLANO LLP","amount":188061.22,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"LEGAL SERVICES LEGAL FUND","surnameMatched":"herrera","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HERRERA ARELLANO LLP","amount":117370.7,"date":"2024-05-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"herrera","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HERRERA ARELLANO LLP","amount":110546.5,"date":"2023-09-26","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"herrera","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KULLY HALL LLC","total":1412673.0899999999,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"KULLY HALL LLC","amount":151655.96,"date":"2016-10-12","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION & TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KULLY HALL LLC","amount":135000,"date":"2016-10-14","description":"DIGITAL ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KULLY HALL LLC","amount":129646.39,"date":"2023-10-23","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KULLY HALL, LLC","total":803674.66,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KULLY HALL, LLC","amount":390000,"date":"2016-09-28","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KULLY HALL, LLC","amount":125000,"date":"2016-03-30","description":"MEDIA ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KULLY HALL, LLC","amount":93913.05,"date":"2022-08-18","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KESWICK HALL","total":600000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KESWICK HALL","amount":300000,"date":"2026-02-20","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: VENUE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KESWICK HALL","amount":300000,"date":"2025-10-22","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: VENUE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TELE-TOWN HALL LLC","total":510553.4,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"TELE-TOWN HALL LLC","amount":245390.85,"date":"2024-01-19","description":"PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TELE-TOWN HALL LLC","amount":165064.55,"date":"2023-11-21","description":"PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TELE-TOWN HALL LLC","amount":100098,"date":"2024-01-05","description":"PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"hall","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HALL"]},{"id":"P25_G000574_Labor","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56% of PAC dollars ($2,002,141) come from Labor industry","explanation":"Ruben Gallego receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Labor issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Labor","amount":2002141,"share":56.2,"totalPAC":3559955.2199999997,"pacCount":25},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":2002141,"share":56.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":391520.13,"share":11},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":384402.45999999996,"share":10.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":105600,"share":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_G000574_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00744540","name":"BLUE SENATE CANDIDATE FUND","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00878975","name":"SENATE IMPACT PROJECT","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00877209","name":"2024 SENATE IMPACT","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00873042","name":"THREE FOR THE MAJORITY","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00871442","name":"BOOKER SENATE MAJORITY","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_G000574_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Outside groups spent $29,086,614 supporting member — 3.7× their own $7,818,647 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 3.7×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":29086614.409999974,"events":2394},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":7818647},{"source":"ratio","ratio":3.72},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"WIN IT BACK PAC","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Protect Progress","support":10039655},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000574","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Ruben Gallego has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":15,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_G000574","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$201K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 57% from CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Ruben Gallego received $200,511.54 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ($113,608.84 = 57%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":200511.54,"oppose":39.27,"byYear":{"2012":16478.08,"2014":120853.53,"2016":3103.97,"2018":3515.26,"2020":799.22,"2024":55800.74999999999},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":113608.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005798/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":36871.47,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":26356.11,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7388.83,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":7270,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005798/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000574","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $115,050","explanation":"Ruben Gallego received campaign contributions totaling $115,050 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: WE MUST COUNT, A PROJECT OF RESOURCE IMPACT ($72,700); MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO ($42,350).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":115050,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SENATE IMPACT PROJECT","ldaClient":"WE MUST COUNT, A PROJECT OF RESOURCE IMPACT","donorTotal":72700,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BOOKER SENATE MAJORITY","ldaClient":"MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO","donorTotal":42350,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000574","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $203,998 on 2023-01-23 (20.2× normal)","explanation":"Ruben Gallego's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $203,998 on 2023-01-23 — 20.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":203998,"maxRatio":20.2,"maxAmount":203998},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-01-23","amount":203998,"ratio":20.2,"baselineDaily":10112,"count":413,"cmteId":"C00558627","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558627&min_date=2023-01-23&max_date=2023-01-23"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558627/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00558627&min_date=2023-01-23&max_date=2023-01-23"]},{"id":"P69_G000574","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $0.8M in personal liabilities (678% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Ruben Gallego's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $825,001 in personal liabilities against $121,704 in assets — a 677.9% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $0.8M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":825001,"totalAssetMid":121704,"leverageRatio":677.9,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 3.097%% (30 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · United Wholesale Mortgage Ewing, NJ · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2024 · Joint · Home Equity Line of Credit · - · 10.99% (on demand) · $50,001 - $100,000 · Searchlight Lending San Rafael, CA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000574","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ruben Gallego appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (14); daily donation spike (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":14},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000574","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P81_G000574_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben Gallego discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Aspiration Fund Adviser LLC Company: Aspiration Fund Adviser LLC (Marina Del Rey…","explanation":"Ruben Gallego's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Aspiration Fund Adviser LLC Company: Aspiration Fund Adviser.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Aspiration Fund Adviser LLC Company: Aspiration Fund Adviser LLC (Marina Del Rey, CA) Description: Investment Advisory Services","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_G000574_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben Gallego discloses 4 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 4 unascertainable, 40% of 10 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Ruben Gallego's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 4 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 4 unascertainable) across 10 total reported assets — 40% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: IRA Club (--) · National Association of Realtors Pension Plan (Unascertainable) · UBS Simple IRA (--) · Arizona 529 Plan Institution: Charles Schwab (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":4,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":4,"totalAssets":10,"opaqueRatio":0.4,"samples":[{"asset":"IRA Club","value":"--"},{"asset":"National Association of Realtors Pension Plan","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"UBS Simple IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Arizona 529 Plan Institution: Charles Schwab","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P109_G000574","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben Gallego named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($4.2M total receipts) — top: GALLEGO VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Ruben Gallego appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $4.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GALLEGO VICTORY FUND (C00848317, $4.2M receipts, treasurer KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":4.21,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00848317","name":"GALLEGO VICTORY FUND","receipts":4205396.68,"treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848317/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848317/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00848317/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_G000574","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ruben Gallego draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.0M PAC / $15.6M total)","explanation":"Ruben Gallego's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.0M of $15.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.64,"pacSharePct":38.6,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H4AZ07043"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AZ07043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000574","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ruben Gallego's PAC funding concentrates 44% in Technology ($0.11M / $0.24M classified)","explanation":"Ruben Gallego's PAC donors concentrate 44% in the Technology industry — $0.11M of $0.24M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.11M · Labor $0.10M · Ideological $0.04M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.11,"totalPacAmountM":0.24,"concentrationPct":43.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.11,"Labor":0.1,"Ideological":0.04}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AZ07043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_G000574","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ruben Gallego triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ruben Gallego accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":21}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_G000574","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben Gallego operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($2.2M combined receipts)","explanation":"Ruben Gallego operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $2.2M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: LATINO LEADERS FOR EQUALITY, GROWTH, OPPORTUNITY, PROGRESSIVE ACTION & CHANGE (LLEGO-PAC) (C00576975) · JUNTOS PAC (C00892752).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.16,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00576975","cmteName":"LATINO LEADERS FOR EQUALITY, GROWTH, OPPORTUNITY, PROGRESSIVE ACTION & CHANGE (LLEGO-PAC)"},{"cmteId":"C00892752","cmteName":"JUNTOS PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00576975/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00892752/"]},{"id":"P161_G000574_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben Gallego's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Ruben Gallego's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: JFFCX - Jpmorgan Smartretirement 2055 Fd C.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"JFFCX - Jpmorgan Smartretirement 2055 Fd C","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_G000574_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben Gallego's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 10 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Ruben Gallego's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 10 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":10,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31fa8808-03f6-43fa-b119-99fd52135898/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_AZ_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AZ delegation: Ruben Gallego & Mark Kelly both flagged on 14 shared detector types (6 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from AZ — Ruben Gallego and Mark Kelly — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 6 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P14, P15, P19, P25.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"AZ","otherSenatorBid":"K000377","otherSenatorName":"Mark Kelly","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":6,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P36","P58","P61","P62","P152","P161"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000574","https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000377"]}],"D000622":[{"id":"P6_D000622_d0kh27","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$623,379 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","explanation":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND spent $623,379 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90010620","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","support":623379.1699999999,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90010620/"]},{"id":"P7_D000622_p518c9","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,724,682 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,724,682 opposing this member across 1340 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4724682.359999999,"totalSupport":820412.6299999999,"events":1340,"topAttackers":[{"name":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","oppose":1832777.15},{"name":"INDEPENDENT VOICE FOR ILLINOIS PAC","oppose":1801868.25},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":445301.58999999997},{"name":"New Prosperity Foundation; The","oppose":279446.6},{"name":"AMERICAN UNITY PAC INC","oppose":260000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000622_gkv7bi","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$236,708 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $236,708 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":236708.48000000007,"oppose":0,"net":236708.48000000007,"events":29,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":70120.39,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":58914.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003082","name":"ILLINOIS AFL-CIO","support":52819.21000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":24568,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":13774,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_D000622_t3mz4l","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,406,467 / spent $3,365,906","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00544254","cmteName":"PERIMETER PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":134865,"totalDisbursements":132904.6,"cashOnHand":1960.45},{"cmteId":"C00544254","cmteName":"PERIMETER PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":141290.1,"totalDisbursements":102306.5,"cashOnHand":40944.03},{"cmteId":"C00544254","cmteName":"PERIMETER PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":576652.6,"totalDisbursements":572707.7,"cashOnHand":44888.94},{"cmteId":"C00544254","cmteName":"PERIMETER PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":650348.2,"totalDisbursements":650300.9,"cashOnHand":44936.23},{"cmteId":"C00544254","cmteName":"PERIMETER PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":701246.3,"totalDisbursements":714284.4,"cashOnHand":31898.13}],"totalRaised":3406466.9000000004,"totalSpent":3365905.6999999997}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000622_9ooehv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,300 donation spike on 2024-05-13 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-13 this committee recorded $51,300 across 12 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,604.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544254","date":"2024-05-13","amount":51300,"count":12,"baseline":4604,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544254/"]},{"id":"P19_D000622_see9k0","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tammy Duckworth campaign paid $3,919,918 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: VERDOLINO & LOWEY","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's campaign paid 152 disbursements totaling $3,919,918 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY","total":1564701.77,"count":46,"samples":[{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY","amount":127500,"date":"2020-02-24","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY","amount":83383.78,"date":"2014-02-06","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COM","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY","amount":77691.14,"date":"2020-03-04","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, PC","total":1304265.4799999997,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, PC","amount":230000,"date":"2020-06-26","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION - PATRICK KENNEDY","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, PC","amount":63152.11,"date":"2024-03-06","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, PC","amount":59154.94,"date":"2023-08-10","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, P.C.","total":518343.18,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, P.C.","amount":128776.42,"date":"2017-10-02","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, P.C.","amount":53615.45,"date":"2005-04-06","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES-ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, P.C.","amount":51200.75,"date":"2014-03-11","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DUCKWORTH ENTERTAINMENT","total":213370,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DUCKWORTH ENTERTAINMENT","amount":213370,"date":"2020-03-26","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"duckworth","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FAHEY, KAITLIN","total":190127.03000000003,"count":35,"samples":[{"payee":"FAHEY, KAITLIN","amount":30000,"date":"2016-11-25","description":"WIN BONUS","surnameMatched":"fahey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"FAHEY, KAITLIN","amount":6000,"date":"2011-07-29","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"fahey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"FAHEY, KAITLIN","amount":5033.77,"date":"2016-11-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"fahey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HON. NITA LOWEY","total":40000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HON. NITA LOWEY","amount":20000,"date":"2002-10-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"HON. NITA LOWEY","amount":20000,"date":"2002-06-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VERDOLINO%20%26%20LOWEY"]},{"id":"P29_D000622_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DUCKWORTH, Tammy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2025-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":646,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_D000622","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"52% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 7.6× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 48 disclosed trades, 25 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 7.6× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":25,"total":48,"rate":52.1},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":7.59}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000622","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_D000622_DIS_20210405","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DIS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth sell $DIS 3 days after a corporate insider (deSouza Francis A  (CIK 0001520943)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"deSouza Francis A  (CIK 0001520943)","filingDate":"2021-04-02","adsh":"0001744489-21-000085","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_ITW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $ITW — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $ITW on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $ITW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ITW","assetName":"ITW - Illinois Tool Works Inc","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d79217f7-7ed7-42d1-8b13-ea062c910346/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ITW","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-05-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d79217f7-7ed7-42d1-8b13-ea062c910346/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_VZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $VZ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $VZ on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VZ","assetName":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bff71d25-5b93-42b1-acf3-bf92a38669cf/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VZ","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bff71d25-5b93-42b1-acf3-bf92a38669cf/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_GE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $GE — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $GE on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GE","assetName":"GE - General Electric Company","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/34253181-fbbf-4072-a911-d24bcf0306d5/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-07"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/34253181-fbbf-4072-a911-d24bcf0306d5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_DWDP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DWDP — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $DWDP on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DWDP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DWDP","assetName":"DWDP - DowDuPont Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/040a7f8f-2f44-409d-a874-ab1e3295e451/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DWDP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/040a7f8f-2f44-409d-a874-ab1e3295e451/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_BBL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $BBL — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $BBL on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $BBL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BBL","assetName":"BBL - BHP Billiton plc","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BBL","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_CAT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $CAT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $CAT on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $CAT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CAT","assetName":"CAT - Caterpillar Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CAT","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-05"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_DVMT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DVMT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $DVMT on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DVMT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DVMT","assetName":"DVMT - Dell Technologies Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DVMT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-08-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_GS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $GS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $GS on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GS","assetName":"GS - The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_INTC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $INTC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $INTC on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $INTC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"INTC","assetName":"INTC - Intel Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"INTC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_JNJ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $JNJ — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $JNJ on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $JNJ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JNJ","assetName":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JNJ","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_MDLZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $MDLZ — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $MDLZ on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $MDLZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MDLZ","assetName":"MDLZ - Mondelez International, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MDLZ","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-07"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_NEE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $NEE — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $NEE on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NEE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NEE","assetName":"NEE - NextEra Energy, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NEE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_WBA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $WBA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $WBA on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $WBA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WBA","assetName":"WBA - Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WBA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-07"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-10-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_DIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DIS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $DIS on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DIS","assetName":"DIS - The Walt Disney Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DIS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_ABT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ABT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $ABT on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ABT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ABT","assetName":"ABT - Abbott Laboratories","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ABT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_MCD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MCD — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $MCD on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MCD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MCD","assetName":"MCD - McDonald's Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MCD","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_GLW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $GLW — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $GLW on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $GLW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GLW","assetName":"GLW - Corning Incorporated","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GLW","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-12-08"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-11"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_D000622_GME","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $GME — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth disclosed an asset position in $GME on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $GME per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GME","assetName":"GME - GameStop Corp.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GME","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_D000622_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 2 Healthcare stocks (JNJ, ABT)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (JNJ, ABT) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ","ABT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_D000622","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$237K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 30% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth received $236,708.48 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($70,120.39 = 30%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":236708.48000000007,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":31733.65,"2016":134854.44000000003,"2022":70120.39},"corpCount":12},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":70120.39,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":58914.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003082","name":"ILLINOIS AFL-CIO","support":52819.21000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003082/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":24568,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":13774,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_D000622","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $75,600","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth received campaign contributions totaling $75,600 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN MARITIME OFFICERS ($10,000); SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE ($9,000); SIMMONS HANLY CONROY (FORMERLY SIMMONS BROWDER GIA ($6,600); BURNS & MCDONNELL ENGINEERING COMPANY INC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":75600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN MARITIME OFFICERS VOLUNTARY POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"AMERICAN MARITIME OFFICERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","ldaClient":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SIMMONS HANLY CONROY","ldaClient":"SIMMONS HANLY CONROY (FORMERLY SIMMONS BROWDER GIANARIS ANGELIDES & BARNERD LLC)","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BURNS AND MCDONNELL INC. PAC","ldaClient":"BURNS & MCDONNELL ENGINEERING COMPANY INC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_D000622","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 61 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 61 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): CWGIX, AMECX, AIVSX, ANWPX, VYM, VIG, VSS, VWO, VUG, VB, BIV, VEU, VO, BSV, VTV, … (46 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":61,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["CWGIX","AMECX","AIVSX","ANWPX","VYM","VIG","VSS","VWO","VUG","VB","BIV","VEU","VO","BSV","VTV","TRGXX","EFG","SDY","VYMI","BND","SCZ","IWF","IWD","EFV","VCIT"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_D000622_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Healthcare stocks (JNJ, ABT) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Healthcare stocks — JNJ, ABT — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2017). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ","ABT"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c582e00-c4d8-4249-a50a-a0bb8702f1ef/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c582e00-c4d8-4249-a50a-a0bb8702f1ef/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_D000622_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Finance stock (GS) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Finance stocks — GS — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2017). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["GS"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c582e00-c4d8-4249-a50a-a0bb8702f1ef/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c582e00-c4d8-4249-a50a-a0bb8702f1ef/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P69_D000622","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $3.1M in personal liabilities (252% leverage of assets) — 5 liability items","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $3,140,002 in personal liabilities against $1,244,036.5 in assets — a 252.4% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.1M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":3140002,"totalAssetMid":1244036.5,"leverageRatio":252.4,"liabCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2024 · Joint · Line of Credit · - · 7.00% (on demand) · $50,001 - $100,000 · Edward Jones Streamwood, IL · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 1 · 2.25% (30 years) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Citizens One Home Loans Glen Allen, VA · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"3 · 2023 · Joint · Home Equity Line of Credit · - · 9% (25 years) · $15,001 - $50,000 · Citizens Bank NA Riverside, RI · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"4 · 2023 · Joint · Line of Credit · - · 16.44%% (5 years) · $15,001 - $50,000 · USAA San Antonio, TX · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_D000622_2021","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 12 new ticker holdings in 2021 not present in prior PFD filings — including VWO, VB, VO, VTEB, VIG, VCIT","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 12 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: VWO, VB, VO, VTEB, VIG, VCIT, SCZ, IWF, IWD, EFG, EFV, TRGXX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2021,"count":12,"newTickers":["VWO","VB","VO","VTEB","VIG","VCIT","SCZ","IWF","IWD","EFG","EFV","TRGXX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/499d6489-b706-4451-bcd9-b9dedd933266/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/499d6489-b706-4451-bcd9-b9dedd933266/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_D000622","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 36 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 36 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (18); spouse holding industry vote (2); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":36,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":18},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000622","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_D000622_2020","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 25 ticker holdings between 2019 and 2020 — including GE, PMTIX, DWDP, BBL, CAT, DVMT","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 25 ticker holdings present in the 2019 filing but absent in 2020. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: GE, PMTIX, DWDP, BBL, CAT, DVMT, DD, GS, ITW, INTC, JNJ, MDLZ.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2019,2020],"count":25,"divestedTickers":["GE","PMTIX","DWDP","BBL","CAT","DVMT","DD","GS","ITW","INTC","JNJ","MDLZ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/85ecfe59-96b7-46d8-bf66-4244911315f3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/85ecfe59-96b7-46d8-bf66-4244911315f3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_D000622_2019","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth filed 2 amendments to the 2019 Senate annual disclosure — 3 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Tammy Duckworth's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2019 report alone, with 3 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2019,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":3,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/040a7f8f-2f44-409d-a874-ab1e3295e451/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/040a7f8f-2f44-409d-a874-ab1e3295e451/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81ef02fd-c16c-48e2-ac52-5ce553292c90/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Duckworth discloses 10 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 10 unascertainable, 12% of 82 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 10 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 10 unascertainable) across 82 total reported assets — 12% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Edward Jones Brokerage #1 (--) · IRA #1 (--) · IRA #2 (--) · IRA #3 (--) · IRA #4 (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":10,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":10,"totalAssets":82,"opaqueRatio":0.122,"samples":[{"asset":"Edward Jones Brokerage #1","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA #1","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA #2","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA #3","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA #4","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 PFD: 46 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (55% of 83 reported assets)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 46 reported holdings owned by Spouse (27), Joint (11), or Dependent (8) — 55% of 83 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Edward Jones Brokerage #1 · Joint: Edward Jones Investments (Streamwood, IL) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account · Joint: Lincoln Shareholdrs Adv Old Contract #953048073 Provider: Edward Jones Investmen · Joint: CWGIX - American Funds Capital World Growth & Income Fun.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":27,"Joint":11,"Dependent":8,"Self":36},"totalAssets":83,"familyShare":0.554,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Edward Jones Brokerage #1","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Edward Jones Investments (Streamwood, IL) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Lincoln Shareholdrs Adv Old Contract #953048073 Provider: Edward Jones Investmen","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"CWGIX - American Funds Capital World Growth & Income Fun","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"AMECX - The Income Fund of America Class A Shares","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_D000622","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tammy Duckworth's campaign paid $213,370 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: DUCKWORTH ENTERTAINMENT ($213,370)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $213,370 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DUCKWORTH ENTERTAINMENT ($213,370 across 1 payments, services: MEDIA CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":213370,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DUCKWORTH ENTERTAINMENT","total":213370,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"duckworth"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S6IL00292&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 PFD: 8 holdings owned by Dependent Child (2 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 8 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 2 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Edward Jones Brokerage #3 · CAIBX-American Funds Capital Income Bldr A · 529 College Savings Plan Select Child #1 Instituti · Bright Directions 529 Mod Age Bsd 09-10 C · Bright Directions 529 Mod Age Bsd 09-10 A.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":8,"highValueCount":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"Edward Jones Brokerage #3","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"CAIBX-American Funds Capital Income Bldr A","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"529 College Savings Plan Select Child #1 Institution: Edward Jones - IL","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Bright Directions 529 Mod Age Bsd 09-10 C","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Bright Directions 529 Mod Age Bsd 09-10 A","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"529 College Savings Plan Select Child #2 Institution: Edward Jones - IL","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Bright Direction 529 Mod Age Bsd 03-05 C","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Bright Direction 529 Mod Age Bsd 03-05 A","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P96_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth owes 2 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Citizens Bank NA","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Home Equity Line of Credit ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 9% (25 years) from Citizens Bank NA · Line of Credit ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 16.44%% (5 years) from USAA San Antonio,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":2,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Home Equity Line of Credit","rate":"9% (25 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Citizens Bank NA Riverside, RI","incurred":"2023"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"16.44%% (5 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"USAA San Antonio, TX","incurred":"2023"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P98_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth carries 1 high-rate debt entry (≥12% APR) on 2025 PFD — top: 16.44%% (5 years) Line of Credit","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Line of Credit 16.44%% (5 years) from USAA San Antonio, ($$15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2025","count":1,"loans":[{"type":"Line of Credit","rate":"16.44%% (5 years)","creditor":"USAA San Antonio, TX","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_D000622","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.8M total receipts) — top: DUCKWORTH VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: DUCKWORTH VICTORY FUND (C00577189, $3.8M receipts, treasurer LOWEY, KEITH D.). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.76,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00577189","name":"DUCKWORTH VICTORY FUND","receipts":3759633.3200000003,"treasurer":"LOWEY, KEITH D.","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00577189/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00577189/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00577189/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_D000622","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Duckworth ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $93M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's FEC-bulk record shows $93.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":93.19,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6IL00292"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6IL00292/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_D000622","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":29}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_D000622","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth triggers 30 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth accumulates findings across 30 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 30 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":30,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P15","P19","P29","P32","P36","P42","P53","P54","P58","P61","P63","P64","P69","P74","P78","P79","P82","P83","P87","P90","P92","P96","P98","P109","P137","P149"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 PFD shows 10 broad-market index funds (40% of 25 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 10 of 25 ticker holdings (40%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: VWO, VUG, VB, BIV, VEU, VO, BSV, VTV.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":10,"totalTickers":25,"ratio":0.4,"broadTickers":["VWO","VUG","VB","BIV","VEU","VO","BSV","VTV","BND","VCIT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 82 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 82 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":82,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P168_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 PFD: liabilities $3.14M = 252% of assets $1.24M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $3.14M against total assets of $1.24M — a leverage ratio of 252%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":1244036.5,"totalLiabMid":3140002,"leverageRatio":2.524,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_IL_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IL delegation: Tammy Duckworth & Richard Durbin both flagged on 11 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from IL — Tammy Duckworth and Richard Durbin — are flagged on the same 11 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P15, P29, P36, P58.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"IL","otherSenatorBid":"D000563","otherSenatorName":"Richard Durbin","sharedDetectorCount":11,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P15","P29","P36","P58","P61","P82","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000622","https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000563"]},{"id":"P179_D000622","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Duckworth — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (48/48)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":48,"atBracket":48,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_D000622","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth — 30 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth has traded 30 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":30,"sample":["ITW","VZ","DIS","WBA","GE","MDLZ","BBL","GS","SOUHY","DWDP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_D000622_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Duckworth — 58 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth's 2025 Senate PFD shows 58 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":58,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/04a80b6d-cfca-4892-8926-b6ef44fdcf29/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_D000622","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Duckworth — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($46.6M)","explanation":"Tammy Duckworth is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $46.6M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":46592688,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6IL00292/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001066":[{"id":"P6_H001066_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,680,510 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $2,680,510 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":2680510,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_H001066_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,836,196 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FAIRSHAKE","explanation":"FAIRSHAKE spent $1,836,196 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"FAIRSHAKE","support":1836196,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_H001066_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,758,440 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $1,758,440 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":1758439.75,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_H001066_uwvt1a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$855,665 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Service Employees International Union PE","explanation":"Service Employees International Union PEA - Federal spent $855,665 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00523621","name":"Service Employees International Union PEA - Federal","support":855665.2399999999,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523621/"]},{"id":"P6_H001066_tx4nuv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$594,126 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Take Back 2020","explanation":"Take Back 2020 spent $594,126 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 81 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754051","name":"Take Back 2020","support":594125.7799999999,"oppose":0,"events":81}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754051/"]},{"id":"P6_H001066_wrw68r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$368,354 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Congressional Black Caucus PAC","explanation":"Congressional Black Caucus PAC spent $368,354 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00147512","name":"Congressional Black Caucus PAC","support":368354.05000000005,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00147512/"]},{"id":"P6_H001066_d14v8c","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$327,987 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from We Vote, We Win","explanation":"We Vote, We Win spent $327,987 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 37 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90021452","name":"We Vote, We Win","support":327986.74999999994,"oppose":0,"events":37}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021452/"]},{"id":"P6_H001066_ufrosq","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$279,680 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITE HERE PAC","explanation":"UNITE HERE PAC spent $279,680 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 120 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00627372","name":"UNITE HERE PAC","support":279680.18999999994,"oppose":0,"events":120}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00627372/"]},{"id":"P7_H001066_skqauf","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,221,888 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,221,888 opposing this member across 784 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8221888.479999998,"totalSupport":10298451.57000001,"events":784,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":4513439.44},{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":2357767.46},{"name":"Morning in America PAC","oppose":580141},{"name":"ALL FOR OUR COUNTRY","oppose":578900},{"name":"314 PAC","oppose":109240.25}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001066_irz1m7","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,213 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $81,213 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":81212.62,"oppose":0,"net":81212.62,"events":52,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":52751.25,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":12809.01,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":7585.58,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":4446.4,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004627","name":"CULINARY WORKERS UNION LOCAL 226","support":2080.23,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001066_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4343 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,976,481 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4343× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,976,481. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4343,"total":1976481,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001066_retaaq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steven Horsford campaign paid $1,108,157 to 31 surname-matched vendors, top: HAGGARD, LORA M.","explanation":"Steven Horsford's campaign paid 139 disbursements totaling $1,108,157 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HAGGARD, LORA M.","total":224101.5599999998,"count":67,"samples":[{"payee":"HAGGARD, LORA M.","amount":5223.73,"date":"2008-02-07","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"haggard","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HAGGARD, LORA M.","amount":3504.54,"date":"2007-08-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"haggard","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HAGGARD, LORA M.","amount":3504.54,"date":"2007-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"haggard","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERN COUNTY YOUNG REPUBLICANS VOTER GUIDE","total":191863.78,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KERN COUNTY YOUNG REPUBLICANS VOTER GUIDE","amount":37400,"date":"2018-10-18","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KERN COUNTY YOUNG REPUBLICANS VOTER GUIDE","amount":34000,"date":"2018-05-07","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KERN COUNTY YOUNG REPUBLICANS VOTER GUIDE","amount":30364.88,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERN, JOHN W.","total":111824.82,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"KERN, JOHN W.","amount":44897.21,"date":"2009-05-11","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KERN, JOHN W.","amount":23899.68,"date":"2009-10-08","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KERN, JOHN W.","amount":20700,"date":"2009-12-07","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERN COUNTY YOUNG REPUBLICANS SLATE MAILER","total":96728.5,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KERN COUNTY YOUNG REPUBLICANS SLATE MAILER","amount":54180,"date":"2022-10-28","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KERN COUNTY YOUNG REPUBLICANS SLATE MAILER","amount":42548.5,"date":"2022-05-13","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERN COUNTY DEMOCRATIC CENTRAL COMMITTEE","total":45200,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KERN COUNTY DEMOCRATIC CENTRAL COMMITTEE","amount":35200,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KERN COUNTY DEMOCRATIC CENTRAL COMMITTEE","amount":10000,"date":"2013-01-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KERN, ROBERT D.","total":40000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KERN, ROBERT D.","amount":40000,"date":"2015-11-10","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"kern","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HAGGARD"]},{"id":"P35_H001066_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) both supported ($76,813) and opposed ($3,878) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Steven Horsford advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":76813,"oppose":3878.2200000000003,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P36_H001066","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Steven Horsford has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_H001066","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$81K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 65% from SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","explanation":"Steven Horsford received $81,212.62 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION ($52,751.25 = 65%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":81212.62,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":67719.73000000001,"2014":409.34999999999997,"2020":4952.65,"2022":46795.06000000001,"2024":2583},"corpCount":14},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":52751.25,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":12809.01,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":7585.58,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":4446.4,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004627","name":"CULINARY WORKERS UNION LOCAL 226","support":2080.23,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004627/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P136_H001066","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steven Horsford ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.5M across 15 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Steven Horsford's FEC-bulk record shows $21.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $44.9M (PAC: $21.5M, individual: $21.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":44.86,"lifetimeIndividualM":21.95,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2NV04011"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NV04011/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_H001066","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steven Horsford draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($21.5M PAC / $44.9M total)","explanation":"Steven Horsford's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($21.5M of $44.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":21.5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":44.86,"pacSharePct":47.9,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H2NV04011"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NV04011/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000383":[{"id":"P6_K000383_d0mdg4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,234,520 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICANS ELECT","explanation":"AMERICANS ELECT spent $1,234,520 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 36 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013590","name":"AMERICANS ELECT","support":1234520.3599999999,"oppose":0,"events":36}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013590/"]},{"id":"P7_K000383_m43wha","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $15,525,443 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $15,525,443 opposing this member across 742 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":15525443.470000003,"totalSupport":2208135.1400000006,"events":742,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":6580122.169999999},{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":2733169.12},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":1161965.57},{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":1014095.11},{"name":"MAINE LIBERTY PAC","oppose":958619.8}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_K000383_rlknaj","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$200,018 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $200,018 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":200018,"events":1,"byYear":{"2020":200018},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":200018,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000383_9gnrtx","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$18,205 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $18,205 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":65644.97,"oppose":47440.07,"net":18204.9,"events":53,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":46289.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":33566.95,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":8539.48,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":6514.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":5530.030000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000383_wu54y7","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,581,265 / spent $1,486,091","explanation":"This member sponsors 10 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00552539","cmteName":"MAKE IT WORK PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":41000,"totalDisbursements":35827.1,"cashOnHand":5172.86},{"cmteId":"C00552539","cmteName":"MAKE IT WORK PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":94500,"totalDisbursements":95874.4,"cashOnHand":3798.49},{"cmteId":"C00552539","cmteName":"MAKE IT WORK PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":176550,"totalDisbursements":175423.2,"cashOnHand":4925.3},{"cmteId":"C00552539","cmteName":"MAKE IT WORK PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":305441.7,"totalDisbursements":249794.7,"cashOnHand":60572.3},{"cmteId":"C00760629","cmteName":"JOY PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":12000,"totalDisbursements":2880.6,"cashOnHand":9119.4}],"totalRaised":1581264.5,"totalSpent":1486091.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000383_8j53uv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,525 donation spike on 2018-05-04 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-04 this committee recorded $92,525 across 121 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,171.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00516047","date":"2018-05-04","amount":92525,"count":121,"baseline":12171,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00516047/"]},{"id":"P15_K000383_8j5qug","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,360 donation spike on 2018-06-06 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-06 this committee recorded $87,360 across 76 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,006.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00516047","date":"2018-06-06","amount":87360,"count":76,"baseline":12006,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00516047/"]},{"id":"P15_K000383_8j3tyb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,064 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $86,064 across 138 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,422.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00516047","date":"2018-03-31","amount":86064,"count":138,"baseline":9422,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00516047/"]},{"id":"P17_K000383_CB_2016-01-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-15 and 2016-01-21, 3 members took the same direction on CB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","date":"2016-01-15","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000554","name":"Frank A. LoBiondo"},{"bioguideId":"K000383","name":"Angus King"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2016-01-15 to 2016-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000383_UBER_2026-02-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UBER within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-06 and 2026-02-13, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on UBER. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2026-02-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UBER","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000383","name":"Angus King"}],"span":"2026-02-06 to 2026-02-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000383_UBER_2026-02-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UBER within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-11 and 2026-02-17, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on UBER. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2026-02-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UBER","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000383","name":"Angus King"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2026-02-11 to 2026-02-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000383_UBER_2026-02-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold UBER within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2026-02-13 and 2026-02-17, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on UBER. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2026-02-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UBER","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000383","name":"Angus King"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2026-02-13 to 2026-02-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000383_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Angus King executed 18 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2026-02-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2026-02-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2026-02-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2026-02-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delete, Delete, Delete","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Delete, Delete, Delete","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2026-01-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000383_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Angus King executed 5 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2026-02-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2025-07-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2025-07-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2025-07-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tribal General Welfare Benefits; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2026-01-16"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Estate Tax Closing Letter User Fee Update","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2025-06-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000383_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Angus King executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2026-02-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Annual Civil Monetary Penalties Inflation Adjustment","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2026-01-28"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Calendar Year 2026 Home Health Prospective Payment System (HH PPS) Rate Update; Requirem","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-12-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000383_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Angus King executed 4 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2025-07-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-08-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2020-08-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2020-08-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Drawbridge Operation Regulation; East River, Green Bay, WI","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-06-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Coast Guard Exercise Area, Hood Canal, Washington","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2020-07-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000383_mdkmf8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angus King campaign paid $13,998,572 to 88 surname-matched vendors, top: KING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","explanation":"Angus King's campaign paid 287 disbursements totaling $13,998,572 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","total":6816765.61,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"KING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","amount":684148.2,"date":"2016-10-13","description":"PRINTING & POSTAGE: EXEMPT SLATE MATERIAL","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","amount":645082.12,"date":"2008-10-28","description":"GENERIC GOTV & AB MAILER PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","amount":628432.99,"date":"2008-08-28","description":"POSTAGE/PRINTING","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KING & SPALDING LLP","total":3967761.71,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"KING & SPALDING LLP","amount":676023.02,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KING & SPALDING LLP","amount":654377.9,"date":"2020-10-21","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KING & SPALDING LLP","amount":440418.2,"date":"2020-11-05","description":"LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEY FEES","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KING FISHER ADVISORS LLC","total":540220,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"KING FISHER ADVISORS LLC","amount":328710,"date":"2022-10-11","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KING FISHER ADVISORS LLC","amount":115500,"date":"2022-09-06","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KING FISHER ADVISORS LLC","amount":96010,"date":"2022-11-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KING STRATEGIC COMM INC","total":288903.23,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KING STRATEGIC COMM INC","amount":186084.49,"date":"2008-09-30","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KING STRATEGIC COMM INC","amount":102818.74,"date":"2008-09-15","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KING LIMOUSINE SERVICE INC.","total":235000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KING LIMOUSINE SERVICE INC.","amount":235000,"date":"2016-07-25","description":"VEHICLES","surnameMatched":"king","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KING%20STRATEGIC%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P22_K000383_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Angus King cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2026-02-13","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":14,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_K000383_Pharma","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Pharma bills","explanation":"Member Angus King cast Pharma-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2025-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":11,"sector":"Pharma"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000383","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Angus King has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_K000383_ADBE_20210624","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADBE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $ADBE 1 day after a corporate insider (Parasnis Abhay  (CIK 0001647550)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Parasnis Abhay  (CIK 0001647550)","filingDate":"2021-06-23","adsh":"0000796343-21-000153","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000383_VZ_20231227","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King sell $VZ 1 day after a corporate insider (Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Malady Kyle  (CIK 0001760581)","filingDate":"2023-12-26","adsh":"0001062993-23-023175","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000383_LLY_20260213","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King sell $LLY 2 days after a corporate insider (Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Yuffa Ilya  (CIK 0001826001)","filingDate":"2026-02-11","adsh":"0001826001-26-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000383_UBER_20250721","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UBER 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $UBER 3 days after a corporate insider (THAIN JOHN A  (CIK 0001090355)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"THAIN JOHN A  (CIK 0001090355)","filingDate":"2025-07-18","adsh":"0001562180-25-005475","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000383_WTRG_20200305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WTRG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King sell $WTRG 3 days after a corporate insider (Luning Christopher Paul  (CIK 0001549977)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WTRG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WTRG","filer":"Luning Christopher Paul  (CIK 0001549977)","filingDate":"2020-03-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-008675","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000383_GOOGL_20250721","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $GOOGL 4 days after a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2025-07-17","adsh":"0000950170-25-096682","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_K000383_PYPL_20250721","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PYPL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $PYPL 5 days after a corporate insider (Webster Aaron  (CIK 0001862209)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Webster Aaron  (CIK 0001862209)","filingDate":"2025-07-16","adsh":"0001633917-25-000147","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_ADBE_20221219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King sell $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (Garfield Mark S.  (CIK 0001602315)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Garfield Mark S.  (CIK 0001602315)","filingDate":"2022-12-20","adsh":"0000796343-22-000232"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_AMAT_20250721","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMAT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $AMAT 1 day before a corporate insider (ANDERSON JAMES ROBERT  (CIK 0001644651)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMAT","filer":"ANDERSON JAMES ROBERT  (CIK 0001644651)","filingDate":"2025-07-22","adsh":"0000006951-25-000028"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_PWR_20250721","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PWR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $PWR 1 day before a corporate insider (Desai Jayshree S  (CIK 0001716735)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PWR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PWR","filer":"Desai Jayshree S  (CIK 0001716735)","filingDate":"2025-07-22","adsh":"0001050915-25-000098"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_MSFT_20260213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King sell $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Coleman Amy  (CIK 0002062356)","filingDate":"2026-02-17","adsh":"0000789019-26-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_PYPL_20260213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PYPL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King sell $PYPL 5 days before a corporate insider (Natali Chris  (CIK 0001905272)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PYPL","filer":"Natali Chris  (CIK 0001905272)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0001633917-26-000030"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_LLY_20260213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LLY 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King sell $LLY 5 days before a corporate insider (Brown Adrienne S  (CIK 0002096888)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LLY","filer":"Brown Adrienne S  (CIK 0002096888)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0002096888-26-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_META_20260213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King sell $META 5 days before a corporate insider (TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"TAN HOCK E  (CIK 0001211588)","filingDate":"2026-02-18","adsh":"0000950103-26-002350"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_ANET_20250721","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ANET 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $ANET 8 days before a corporate insider (Battles Kelly Bodnar  (CIK 0001817763)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANET","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ANET","filer":"Battles Kelly Bodnar  (CIK 0001817763)","filingDate":"2025-07-29","adsh":"0001596532-25-000196"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_HON_20251229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HON 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $HON 8 days before a corporate insider (BURKE KEVIN  (CIK 0001232006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"BURKE KEVIN  (CIK 0001232006)","filingDate":"2026-01-06","adsh":"0001232006-26-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_GOOGL_20250721","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $GOOGL 10 days before a corporate insider (ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOGL","filer":"ARNOLD FRANCES  (CIK 0001665419)","filingDate":"2025-07-31","adsh":"0000950170-25-101085"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000383_META_20250721","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Angus King buy $META 10 days before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-07-31","adsh":"0000950103-25-009651"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P52_K000383_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $CMCSA — COMCAST's PAC also donated $20,000","explanation":"Angus King executed 2 reported trades in $CMCSA (COMCAST). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $20,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","parent":"COMCAST","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-23"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","parent":"COMCAST","total":20000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20FEDERAL"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20FEDERAL","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_K000383_HON","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $HON — HONEYWELL's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Angus King executed 1 reported trade in $HON (HONEYWELL). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL PAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","parent":"HONEYWELL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL PAC","parent":"HONEYWELL","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HONEYWELL%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=HONEYWELL%20INTERNATIONAL%20PAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_K000383_AMZN","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $AMZN — AMAZON's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Angus King executed 1 reported trade in $AMZN (AMAZON). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","parent":"AMAZON","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-31"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)","parent":"AMAZON","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON.COM%20SERVICES%20LLC%20SEPARATE%20SEGREGATED%20FUND%20(AMAZON%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=AMAZON.COM%20SERVICES%20LLC%20SEPARATE%20SEGREGATED%20FUND%20(AMAZON%20PAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_K000383_MSFT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $MSFT — MICROSOFT's PAC also donated $5,000","explanation":"Angus King executed 2 reported trades in $MSFT (MICROSOFT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","parent":"MICROSOFT","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-13"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION STAKEHOLDERS VOLUNTARY PAC - MSVPAC","parent":"MICROSOFT","total":5000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC%20-%20MSVPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=MICROSOFT%20CORPORATION%20STAKEHOLDERS%20VOLUNTARY%20PAC%20-%20MSVPAC","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_NKE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $NKE — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $NKE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NKE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NKE","assetName":"NKE - Nike, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NKE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_MKC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MKC — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $MKC on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MKC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MKC","assetName":"MKC - McCormick & Company, Incorporated (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MKC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_AXP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $AXP — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $AXP on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AXP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AXP","assetName":"AXP - American Express Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AXP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_UNH","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $UNH — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $UNH on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $UNH per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"UNH","assetName":"UNH - UnitedHealth Group Incorporated (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"UNH","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-15"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_AMZN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $AMZN — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $AMZN on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AMZN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMZN","assetName":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMZN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-31"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $CMCSA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $CMCSA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $CMCSA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CMCSA","assetName":"CMCSA - Comcast Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CMCSA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-29"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_TMO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $TMO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $TMO on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $TMO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TMO","assetName":"TMO - Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TMO","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_EA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $EA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $EA on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $EA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EA","assetName":"EA - Electronic Arts Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EA","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_VZ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $VZ — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $VZ on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $VZ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VZ","assetName":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VZ","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-07"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_USB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $USB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $USB on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $USB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"USB","assetName":"USB - U.S. Bancorp (NYSE)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"USB","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_MMM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MMM — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $MMM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MMM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MMM","assetName":"MMM - 3M Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MMM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_ADBE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $ADBE — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $ADBE on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $ADBE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ADBE","assetName":"ADBE - Adobe Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1b6e7583-f0a0-41f7-a0e8-1ddb1a53d25b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ADBE","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-19"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-24"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1b6e7583-f0a0-41f7-a0e8-1ddb1a53d25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_SLB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $SLB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $SLB on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $SLB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SLB","assetName":"SLB - Schlumberger Limited (NYSE)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/66d8ba15-2b21-4d36-aae8-e135a8ae0e7e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SLB","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-18"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-17"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/66d8ba15-2b21-4d36-aae8-e135a8ae0e7e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_WTRG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $WTRG — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $WTRG on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $WTRG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WTRG","assetName":"WTRG - Essential Utilities, Inc. Filer comment: WTR - AQUA AMERICA INC NAME CHANGE TO WTRG - ESSENTI","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/66d8ba15-2b21-4d36-aae8-e135a8ae0e7e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WTRG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/66d8ba15-2b21-4d36-aae8-e135a8ae0e7e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_COP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $COP — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $COP on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $COP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"COP","assetName":"COP - ConocoPhillips","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/66d8ba15-2b21-4d36-aae8-e135a8ae0e7e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"COP","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-18"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/66d8ba15-2b21-4d36-aae8-e135a8ae0e7e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_UTX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $UTX — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $UTX on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $UTX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"UTX","assetName":"UTX - United Technologies Corp. (NYSE)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59245025-3bb4-482e-a804-e03971ad3705/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"UTX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59245025-3bb4-482e-a804-e03971ad3705/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_CB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $CB — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $CB on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $CB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CB","assetName":"CB - Chubb Limited","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/485bd182-ead8-4a44-a19d-6e51223d6211/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CB","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-28"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-01-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/485bd182-ead8-4a44-a19d-6e51223d6211/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_DIS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DIS — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $DIS on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DIS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DIS","assetName":"DIS - The Walt Disney Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DIS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_TGT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $TGT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $TGT on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $TGT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TGT","assetName":"TGT - Target Corp. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TGT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-05-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_PG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PG — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $PG on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PG","assetName":"PG - The Procter & Gamble Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_XOM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $XOM — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $XOM on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $XOM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XOM","assetName":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XOM","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-07-21"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_GILD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $GILD — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $GILD on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GILD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GILD","assetName":"GILD - Gilead Sciences Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GILD","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_NVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $NVS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $NVS on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NVS","assetName":"NVS - Novartis AG (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NVS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_TEVA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $TEVA — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $TEVA on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $TEVA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TEVA","assetName":"TEVA - Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited (NYSE)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TEVA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-10-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_WAT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $WAT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Angus King disclosed an asset position in $WAT on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $WAT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WAT","assetName":"WAT - Waters Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WAT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/588f3b8f-e10f-4d00-b849-4fc8269f6bc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_K000383_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 3 Healthcare stocks (JNJ, UNH, TMO)","explanation":"Angus King discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (JNJ, UNH, TMO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ","UNH","TMO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_K000383_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 4 Energy stocks (SLB, COP, XOM, KMI)","explanation":"Angus King discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (SLB, COP, XOM, KMI) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["SLB","COP","XOM","KMI"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_K000383","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$66K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 71% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Angus King received $65,644.97 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($46,289.84 = 71%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":65644.97,"oppose":47440.07,"byYear":{"2010":1790.44,"2012":31519.51,"2014":36230.89,"2018":896.6,"2022":10485,"2024":39360.2},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":46289.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":33566.95,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002761/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":8539.48,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":6514.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":5530.030000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_K000383","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $195,000","explanation":"Angus King received campaign contributions totaling $195,000 from 31 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 31 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); JOBS WITH JUSTICE F.K.A. AMERICAN RIGHTS AT WORK ($10,000); NORTH STAR SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION ($10,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($10,000); COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":31,"totalDollars":195000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE","ldaClient":"JOBS WITH JUSTICE F.K.A. AMERICAN RIGHTS AT WORK","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR","ldaClient":"NORTH STAR SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_K000383","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 172 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Angus King's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 172 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): HST, VAC, QQQ, ILCG, PRU, JENIX, QLD, HACAX, VFIAX, VMLUX, VTEB, VTEAX, MUB, IVE, IJJ, … (157 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":172,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["HST","VAC","QQQ","ILCG","PRU","JENIX","QLD","HACAX","VFIAX","VMLUX","VTEB","VTEAX","MUB","IVE","IJJ","IJK","IGIFX","JAMCX","SGENX","GNMA","FLOT","EMB","IEFA","ICVT","VWO"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_K000383_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Healthcare stocks (JNJ, UNH, TMO) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Angus King's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Healthcare stocks — JNJ, UNH, TMO — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ","UNH","TMO"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ba630811-3867-43cb-a149-1240c285a3e9/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ba630811-3867-43cb-a149-1240c285a3e9/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_K000383_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 4 Energy stocks (SLB, COP, XOM, KMI) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Angus King's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 4 Energy stocks — SLB, COP, XOM, KMI — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["SLB","COP","XOM","KMI"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ba630811-3867-43cb-a149-1240c285a3e9/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ba630811-3867-43cb-a149-1240c285a3e9/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_K000383_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Finance stock (AXP) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Angus King's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Finance stocks — AXP — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["AXP"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ba630811-3867-43cb-a149-1240c285a3e9/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ba630811-3867-43cb-a149-1240c285a3e9/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_K000383_2025-07-15","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"23 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2025-07-15 — 23 unique tickers","explanation":"Angus King executed 23 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2025-07-15 to 2025-07-21), spanning 23 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2025-07-15","windowEnd":"2025-07-21","tradeCount":23,"uniqueTickers":23,"totalDisclosedTrades":77,"sampleTickers":["UNH","PYPL","TMO","GOOGL","NFLX","MRVL","AMD","NVDA","UBER","META"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P68_K000383","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 3 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$1.5M","explanation":"Angus King's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 3 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $1,508,001.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: POTTER ST BRUNSWICK Description: RESIDEN (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); POTTER ST BRUNSWICK Description: RESIDEN (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); A WOMAN, A PART LLC Company: A WOMAN, A  (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":3,"totalEstMidpoint":1508001.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"POTTER ST BRUNSWICK Description: RESIDENCE AND 2 RENTAL UNITS (BRUNSWICK, ME)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"name":"POTTER ST BRUNSWICK Description: RESIDENCE AND 2 RENTAL UNITS (BRUNSWICK, ME) Filer comment: Asset Valuation Increase per Town Real Estate Tax Assessment","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/"},{"name":"A WOMAN, A PART LLC Company: A WOMAN, A PART LLC (ULSTER PARK, NY) Description: FILM PRODUCTION COMPANY Filer comment: .20 NON-VOTING CLASS B MEMBERSHIP SHARE","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_K000383","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 3 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Trustee at TRUST U/W/O ROGER KLINE FBO MATTHEW KLINE NEW YORK","explanation":"Angus King's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 3 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at TRUST U/W/O ROGER KLINE FBO MATTHEW KLINE NEW YORK, NY (Other (TESTAMENTARY TRUST)); Trustee at TRUST UNDER CLAUSE SEVENTH OF WILL OF ROGER C KLINE FOR DART (Other (TESTAMENTARY TRUST)); Trustee at TRUST UNDER CLAUSE NINTH OF WILL OF ROGER C KLINE - GENERATI (Other (TESTAMENTARY TRUST)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":3,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Mar 2009 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"TRUST U/W/O ROGER KLINE FBO MATTHEW KLINE NEW YORK, NY","entityType":"Other (TESTAMENTARY TRUST)"},{"dates":"Nov 2012 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"TRUST UNDER CLAUSE SEVENTH OF WILL OF ROGER C KLINE FOR DARTMOUTH COLLEGE NEW YORK, NY","entityType":"Other (TESTAMENTARY TRUST)"},{"dates":"Nov 2012 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"TRUST UNDER CLAUSE NINTH OF WILL OF ROGER C KLINE - GENERATION SKIPPING TRUST NEW YORK, NY","entityType":"Other (TESTAMENTARY TRUST)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_K000383","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,322 in outside earned income — top source: MAINE PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM AUGUSTA, ME ($$35,482.00)","explanation":"Angus King's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $100,322 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 5 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: MAINE PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM AUGUSTA, ME ($35,482.00, Pension); TRUST U/W/O ROGER C KLINE GENERATION SKIPPING TRUST NEW YORK ($20,776.00, Commissions); CHAS SCHWAB & CO IRA ROLLOVER #2 SAN FRANCISCO, CA ($19,525.00, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":100322,"count":5,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"MAINE PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM AUGUSTA, ME","amount":"$35,482.00","amountNumeric":35482},{"owner":"Self","type":"Commissions","source":"TRUST U/W/O ROGER C KLINE GENERATION SKIPPING TRUST NEW YORK, NY","amount":"$20,776.00","amountNumeric":20776},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"CHAS SCHWAB & CO IRA ROLLOVER #2 SAN FRANCISCO, CA","amount":"$19,525.00","amountNumeric":19525},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"CHAS SCHWAB & CO IRA ROLLOVER #1 SAN FRANCISCO, CA","amount":"$13,500.00","amountNumeric":13500},{"owner":"Self","type":"Commissions","source":"TRUST U/W/O ROGER C KLINE FBO MATTHEW KLINE NEW YORK, NY","amount":"$11,039.00","amountNumeric":11039}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_K000383","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 reportable gifts disclosed totaling $13,771.3 — top: Gift of ticket to attend Pen America Literary Gala honoring  ($2,500.00)","explanation":"Angus King's Senate annual financial disclosures report 6 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $13,771.3 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: Gift of ticket to attend Pen America Literary Gala honoring  ($2,500.00) from Jennifer Finney Boylan Rome, ME; Gift of ticket to attend Pen America Literary Gala honoring  ($2,500.00) from Jennifer Finney Boylan Rome, Maine; Gift of ticket to attend Pen America Literary Gala honoring  ($2,500.00) from Jennifer Finney Boylan Rome, ME.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":6,"totalValue":13771.3,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"},{"source":"gift","date":"05/18/2023","recipient":"Self","description":"Gift of ticket to attend Pen America Literary Gala honoring personal friend Jennifer Finney Boylan.","value":"$2,500.00","giftSource":"Jennifer Finney Boylan Rome, ME","year":2025},{"source":"gift","date":"05/18/2023","recipient":"Spouse","description":"Gift of ticket to attend Pen America Literary Gala honoring personal friend Jennifer Finney Boylan.","value":"$2,500.00","giftSource":"Jennifer Finney Boylan Rome, Maine","year":2025},{"source":"gift","date":"05/18/2023","recipient":"Self","description":"Gift of ticket to attend Pen America Literary Gala honoring personal friend Jennifer Finney Boylan.","value":"$2,500.00","giftSource":"Jennifer Finney Boylan Rome, ME","year":2024},{"source":"gift","date":"05/18/2023","recipient":"Spouse","description":"Gift of ticket to attend Pen America Literary Gala honoring personal friend Jennifer Finney Boylan.","value":"$2,500.00","giftSource":"Jennifer Finney Boylan Rome, Maine","year":2024},{"source":"gift","date":"11/11/2023","recipient":"Self","description":"Jefferson-Lincoln Award Gift - Large Engraved Crystal Vase","value":"$1,885.65","giftSource":"Panetta Institute for Public Policy Seaside, California","year":2025},{"source":"gift","date":"11/11/2023","recipient":"Self","description":"Jefferson-Lincoln Award Gift - Large Engraved Crystal Vase","value":"$1,885.65","giftSource":"Panetta Institute for Public Policy Seaside, California","year":2024}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 16 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including SCHH, QCLN, LMBS, BUFR, RSP, IBB","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 16 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: SCHH, QCLN, LMBS, BUFR, RSP, IBB, IJH, IVV, HEFA, SCHG, SCHV, VOX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":16,"newTickers":["SCHH","QCLN","LMBS","BUFR","RSP","IBB","IJH","IVV","HEFA","SCHG","SCHV","VOX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_K000383","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 26 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 89 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Angus King appears in 26 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 89 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 26 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (33); insider front ran trade (11); insider followed trade (7); coordinated trade cluster (4); reg rule trade proximity (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":26,"totalFindings":89,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":33},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":11},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000383","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_K000383_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 30 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including MAR, SDVSX, SWXXX, SWZXX, IVW, NEFZX","explanation":"Angus King's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 30 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: MAR, SDVSX, SWXXX, SWZXX, IVW, NEFZX, JENIX, ECL, DIS, TJX, TGT, PG.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":30,"divestedTickers":["MAR","SDVSX","SWXXX","SWZXX","IVW","NEFZX","JENIX","ECL","DIS","TJX","TGT","PG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56052e13-dd2a-43f6-a5d6-8b6d27921e9a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56052e13-dd2a-43f6-a5d6-8b6d27921e9a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angus King discloses 8 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (1 top-bracket + 7 unascertainable, 5% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Angus King's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 8 opaque-value entries (1 top-bracket, 7 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 5% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE APPRECIABLE LIFE POLICY (--) · SCHWAB ONE ACCOUNT (--) · SCHWAB REVOCABLE TRUST (--) · VFIAX - Vanguard 500 Index Admiral (NASDAQ) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · SCHWAB IRA ROLLOVER #1 (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":8,"topBracketCount":1,"unascertCount":7,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.054,"samples":[{"asset":"PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE APPRECIABLE LIFE POLICY","value":"--"},{"asset":"SCHWAB ONE ACCOUNT","value":"--"},{"asset":"SCHWAB REVOCABLE TRUST","value":"--"},{"asset":"VFIAX - Vanguard 500 Index Admiral (NASDAQ)","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"SCHWAB IRA ROLLOVER #1","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angus King discloses 13 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 13 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: POTTER ST BRUNSWICK Description: RESIDENCE AND 2 RENTAL UNIT · VAC - Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corp. · CHARLES SCHWAB (PORTLAND, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account · SNSXX SCHWAB US TREASURY MONEY FUND (PORTLAND, ME) Type: Mon.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":13,"properties":[{"name":"POTTER ST BRUNSWICK Description: RESIDENCE AND 2 RENTAL UNITS (BRUNSWICK, ME)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"VAC - Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corp.","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"CHARLES SCHWAB (PORTLAND, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"SNSXX SCHWAB US TREASURY MONEY FUND (PORTLAND, ME) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"SNVXX-SCHWAB GOV'T MONEY FUND-INVESTOR SHARES (PORTLAND, ME) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"CHARLES SCHWAB (PORTLAND, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"CHARLES SCHWAB (PORTLAND, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"SNVXX-SCHWAB GOV'T MONEY FUND-INVESTOR SHARES (PORTLAND, ME) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angus King's 2025 PFD: 75 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (50% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 75 reported holdings owned by Spouse (73), Joint (2), or Dependent (0) — 50% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: POTTER ST BRUNSWICK Description: RESIDENCE AND 2 RENTAL UNITS (BRUNSWICK, ME) · Joint: TD BANK NA AGGREGATE ACCOUNTS (BRUNSWICK, ME) Type: Checking · Spouse: SCHWAB ONE ACCT - MJH · Spouse: ECL-Ecolab Inc. (NYSE).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":73,"Joint":2,"Dependent":0,"Self":74},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.5,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"POTTER ST BRUNSWICK Description: RESIDENCE AND 2 RENTAL UNITS (BRUNSWICK, ME)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TD BANK NA AGGREGATE ACCOUNTS (BRUNSWICK, ME) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"SCHWAB ONE ACCT - MJH","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"ECL-Ecolab Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"DIS-The Walt Disney Company (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — VFIAX","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: VFIAX ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VFIAX","asset":"VFIAX - Vanguard 500 Index Admiral (NASDAQ)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_K000383","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angus King's campaign paid $7,569,011 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: KING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS ($6,816,766)","explanation":"Angus King's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 41 payments totaling $7,569,011 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS ($6,816,766 across 33 payments, services: PRINTING & POSTAGE: EXEMPT SLATE MATERIAL · GENERIC GOTV & AB MAILER PRODUCTION · POSTAGE/PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":7569010.850000001,"paymentCount":41,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","total":6816765.61,"count":33,"descriptions":["PRINTING & POSTAGE: EXEMPT SLATE MATERIAL","GENERIC GOTV & AB MAILER PRODUCTION","POSTAGE/PRINTING"]},{"payee":"KING, CANDACE","total":199744.79,"count":2,"descriptions":["SALARY","PEOPLE CENTER 12/19D: SALARY"]},{"payee":"KING STRATEGIES COMMUNICATIONS","total":192736.12,"count":2,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL - GOTV SLATE","NON-ALLOCABLE DIRECT MAIL"]},{"payee":"DILLON MCCANDLESS KING","total":104365.05,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"KING MEDIA GROUP","total":102373,"count":1,"descriptions":["PAC MEDIA BUY - GENERIC AD - TEA PARTY EXPRESS"]}],"surname":"king"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2ME00109&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_K000383","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angus King filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 94 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Angus King has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 94 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2012 (94d late, filed 08/17/2012).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":94,"samples":[{"year":2012,"filingDate":"08/17/2012","daysLate":94,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6C2A7102-6E5C-44DD-B274-2CF249A1429B/","title":"Annual Report"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6C2A7102-6E5C-44DD-B274-2CF249A1429B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P95_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2025 PFD — IAU - ishares Gold Trust ETF","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: IAU - ishares Gold Trust ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"IAU - ishares Gold Trust ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: TD BANK, NA","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 3.50% (15 YRS) from TD BANK, NA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.50% (15 YRS)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"TD BANK, NA LEWISTON, ME","incurred":"2011"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angus King holds 14 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), UNH ($17.0M), VZ ($15.7M)","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 14 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $123.7M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · UNH ($17.0M, 31 filings) · VZ ($15.7M, 73 filings) · CMCSA ($11.5M, 57 filings) · NEE ($11.1M, 65 filings) · JNJ ($10.9M, 58 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":14,"totalLobbyAcrossM":123.68,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"UNH","totalLobby":16960000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC."},{"ticker":"VZ","totalLobby":15650000,"recordCount":73,"topClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"CMCSA","totalLobby":11534500,"recordCount":57,"topClient":"COMCAST CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"NEE","totalLobby":11089640,"recordCount":65,"topClient":"NEXTERA ENERGY RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT"},{"ticker":"JNJ","totalLobby":10940000,"recordCount":58,"topClient":"JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC."},{"ticker":"UPS","totalLobby":7340000,"recordCount":32,"topClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE"},{"ticker":"PEP","totalLobby":5700000,"recordCount":20,"topClient":"PEPSICO INC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — NKE (4,058)","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 4,058 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: NKE (4,058 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":4058,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NKE","patentCount":4058,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $13M) — top: UPS ($13.0M)","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $13M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: UPS ($13.0M, 59 contracts, Department of Justice).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":13.01,"holdings":[{"ticker":"UPS","total":13007559.979999997,"count":59,"agencies":["Department of Justice","Department of Veterans Affairs","Social Security Administration"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P113_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P113_PFD_HEALTH_INSURER_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 1 major US health-insurer ticker on 2025 PFD — UNH","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US health insurers (UnitedHealth UNH, Elevance/Anthem ELV, Cigna CI, Humana HUM, Centene CNC, Molina MOH). Health-insurer stock prices are directly affected by these policies — every committee vote on Medicare physician fee schedules, Medicare Advantage star ratings, prior-authorization requirements, or ACA risk-adjustment formulas moves the held stocks. This is the cleanest single-sector conflict signal next to defense contractors. Holdings: UNH ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_health_insurer","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"UNH","asset":"UNH - UnitedHealth Group Incorporated (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onHealthCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.cms.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — PRU","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: PRU ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PRU","asset":"PRU - Prudential Financial, Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 2 telecom/cable tickers on 2025 PFD — CMCSA, VZ","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: CMCSA ($1,001 - $15,000) · VZ ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CMCSA","asset":"CMCSA - Comcast Corporation","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VZ","asset":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 1 major US bank ticker on 2025 PFD — AXP","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: AXP ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AXP","asset":"AXP - American Express Company (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — JNJ","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: JNJ ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P125_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 2 clean-energy / renewables tickers on 2025 PFD — QCLN, NEE","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in clean-energy or renewables companies — solar (First Solar FSLR, Enphase ENPH, SolarEdge SEDG, Sunrun RUN), wind / utility-scale (NextEra NEE, Brookfield Renewables BEP, AES), grid storage (Quanta Services PWR, EnerSys ENS), nuclear (Cameco CCJ, Centrus Energy LEU, BWX Technologies), or EV charging (ChargePoint CHPT, EVgo EVGO, Blink BLNK). Senators voting on the IRA's continuation, expansion, or repeal hold portfolios that move with their votes — every committee mark-up affecting renewable-energy tax credits or DOE loan guarantees moves these stocks. Holdings: QCLN ($1,001 - $15,000) · NEE ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_clean_energy","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"QCLN","asset":"QCLN - First Trust NASDAQ Clean Edge Green Energy Index F","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NEE","asset":"NEE - NextEra Energy, Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.energy.gov/policy/inflation-reduction-act"]},{"id":"P126_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King holds 1 publicly-traded REIT ticker on 2025 PFD — HST","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holding — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: HST ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"HST","asset":"HST - Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King's 2025 PFD lists 78 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 78 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): HST, VAC, QQQ, ILCG, PRU, JENIX, QLD, HACAX, VFIAX, VMLUX.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":78,"sampleTickers":["HST","VAC","QQQ","ILCG","PRU","JENIX","QLD","HACAX","VFIAX","VMLUX","VTEB","VTEAX","MUB","IVE","IJJ","IJK","IGIFX","JAMCX","SGENX","GNMA","FLOT","EMB","IEFA","ICVT","VWO","GIOIX","IJR","AGG","IAU","VCIT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_K000383","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $15.9M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Angus King's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $15.9M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 204; earned-income on first filing: $151,751.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":15877849,"assetCount":204,"earnedIncome":151751,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ba630811-3867-43cb-a149-1240c285a3e9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ba630811-3867-43cb-a149-1240c285a3e9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_K000383","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angus King's PAC funding concentrates 43% in Finance ($0.05M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Angus King's PAC donors concentrate 43% in the Finance industry — $0.05M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.05M · Healthcare $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":43,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.05,"Healthcare":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2ME00109/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_K000383","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angus King triggers 19 HIGH-severity findings across 49 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Angus King accumulates 19 HIGH-severity findings across 49 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":19,"distinctDetectorTypes":49}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_K000383","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angus King triggers 50 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Angus King accumulates findings across 50 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 50 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":50,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P15","P17","P18","P19","P22","P36","P42","P43","P52","P53","P54","P58","P61","P63","P64","P65","P68","P70","P71","P72","P74","P78","P79","P83","P84"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_K000383","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.6M combined receipts)","explanation":"Angus King operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.6M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: MAKE IT WORK PAC (C00552539) · JOY PAC (C00760629).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":1.58,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00552539","cmteName":"MAKE IT WORK PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00760629","cmteName":"JOY PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552539/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760629/"]},{"id":"P160_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King's 2025 PFD shows 8 broad-market index funds (10% of 78 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 of 78 ticker holdings (10%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: VTEB, VWO, IJR, AGG, VCIT, IJH, IVV, SPY.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":8,"totalTickers":78,"ratio":0.1,"broadTickers":["VTEB","VWO","IJR","AGG","VCIT","IJH","IVV","SPY"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_K000383","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angus King's PFD net worth declined 56% year-over-year — 2025 $21.35M → 2025 $9.33M","explanation":"Angus King's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $21.35M in 2025 to $9.33M in 2025 — a 56% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2025","priorNetWorthM":21.35,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":9.33,"declinePct":56.3,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: MAINE DEPT OF EDUCATION (Wages)","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Wages from MAINE DEPT OF EDUCATION (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Wages","payer":"MAINE DEPT OF EDUCATION AUGUSTA, ME","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caf15459-897f-4f5d-9c4a-0a8e49b702ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_ME_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"ME delegation: Angus King & Susan Collins both flagged on 35 shared detector types (9 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from ME — Angus King and Susan Collins — are flagged on the same 35 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 9 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P17, P18, P19.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"ME","otherSenatorBid":"C001035","otherSenatorName":"Susan Collins","sharedDetectorCount":35,"sharedHighCount":9,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P17","P18","P19","P36","P42","P43","P53","P54","P58","P61","P63"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000383","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001035"]},{"id":"P178_K000383_2025-07-21","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angus King — 22 trades on 2025-07-21","explanation":"Angus King disclosed 22 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2025-07-21). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2025-07-21","count":22}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_K000383","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angus King — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (77/77)","explanation":"Angus King's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":77,"atBracket":77,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_K000383","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King — 56 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Angus King has traded 56 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":56,"sample":["ONON","UBER","NFLX","META","ADSK","PYPL","MSFT","BX","LLY","HON"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_K000383_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angus King — 94 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Angus King's 2025 Senate PFD shows 94 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":94,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31f21bd8-5300-441c-b6e5-a2fe0661cc57/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_K000383_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+8 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Angus King accumulated 33 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 8 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 8 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":8,"totalRaw":33,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":8}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000383"]}],"K000384":[{"id":"P6_K000384_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,002,311 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Majority PAC","explanation":"Majority PAC spent $1,002,311 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"Majority PAC","support":1002310.97,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_K000384_uwvt1a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$960,460 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Service Employees International Union PE","explanation":"Service Employees International Union PEA - Federal spent $960,460 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00523621","name":"Service Employees International Union PEA - Federal","support":960460.4399999998,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523621/"]},{"id":"P7_K000384_u8walx","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $24,261,273 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $24,261,273 opposing this member across 1969 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":24261273.340000004,"totalSupport":2719828.2499999525,"events":1969,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":11949293.4},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":5682218.789999999},{"name":"Independence Virginia PAC","oppose":4921411.5},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":728652.47},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR TAX REFORM","oppose":292997}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000384_b3nm1t","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$224,211 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $224,211 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":224296.70000000004,"oppose":85.82,"net":224210.88000000003,"events":63,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":53664.119999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":41548.28,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":22812,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":21873.18,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":18106.59,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000384_nwsv7y","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $8,103,221 / spent $7,661,807","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00538835","cmteName":"COMMON GROUND PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":109250,"totalDisbursements":8397,"cashOnHand":100853},{"cmteId":"C00538835","cmteName":"COMMON GROUND PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":1417909.5,"totalDisbursements":1376467.9,"cashOnHand":222916.11},{"cmteId":"C00538835","cmteName":"COMMON GROUND PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":1927721.2,"totalDisbursements":1763094.1,"cashOnHand":387543.26},{"cmteId":"C00538835","cmteName":"COMMON GROUND PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":1770554.6,"totalDisbursements":2073265.8,"cashOnHand":84832.04},{"cmteId":"C00538835","cmteName":"COMMON GROUND PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":1179060.2,"totalDisbursements":1242075.6,"cashOnHand":39516.64}],"totalRaised":8103221.1000000015,"totalSpent":7661806.600000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_K000384_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21282 employees of N/A gave $5,709,274 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 21282× N/A = $5,709,274; 41306× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,592,850; 5725× SELF EMPLOYED = $3,016,364. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":21282,"total":5709274,"years":["2010","2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2024"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":41306,"total":3592850,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2015","2016","2017","2018","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":5725,"total":3016364,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000384_pwu827","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$130,271 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $130,271 across 126 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,751.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495358","date":"2017-03-31","amount":130271,"count":126,"baseline":20751,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495358/"]},{"id":"P15_K000384_pwu81i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$112,425 donation spike on 2017-03-27 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-27 this committee recorded $112,425 across 93 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,675.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495358","date":"2017-03-27","amount":112425,"count":93,"baseline":14675,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495358/"]},{"id":"P15_K000384_pxddlo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$110,377 donation spike on 2017-12-09 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-09 this committee recorded $110,377 across 82 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,256.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495358","date":"2017-12-09","amount":110377,"count":82,"baseline":9256,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495358/"]},{"id":"P15_K000384_pww4ye","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,525 donation spike on 2017-06-08 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-08 this committee recorded $91,525 across 63 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,911.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495358","date":"2017-06-08","amount":91525,"count":63,"baseline":13911,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495358/"]},{"id":"P15_K000384_xdgjv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,000 donation spike on 2022-11-03 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-11-03 this committee recorded $52,000 across 16 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,657.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00538835","date":"2022-11-03","amount":52000,"count":16,"baseline":5657,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00538835/"]},{"id":"P19_K000384_qdrant","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine campaign paid $32,882,467 to 37 surname-matched vendors, top: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's campaign paid 176 disbursements totaling $32,882,467 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","total":10822229.170000002,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":1700000,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":864248.31,"date":"2010-10-07","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":859119,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","total":4672766.37,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":459000,"date":"2024-10-03","description":"NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":345107.24,"date":"2008-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":323996.96,"date":"2008-10-22","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","total":3277861.97,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":603547.77,"date":"2023-04-25","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":402936.43,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":382794.57,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","total":2359780,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":398923,"date":"2022-07-05","description":"MEDIA BUY-TV, DIGITAL,RADIO,CABLE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":375919,"date":"2022-06-14","description":"MEDIA BUY ON TV","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":326650,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","total":2268810,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2012-11-08","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND REPAY PERS","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2019-07-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN PAYMENT FROM 9/27/18","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2019-04-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN PAYMENT FROM 6/27/2018","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","total":2097975,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":876523,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":797202,"date":"2016-10-17","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":240000,"date":"2016-08-26","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THOMPSON%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P25_K000384_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"79% of PAC dollars ($4,196,142) come from Party industry","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":4196141.59,"share":79.5,"totalPAC":5280799.5,"pacCount":32},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":4196141.59,"share":79.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":614030.74,"share":11.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":147643.99,"share":2.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":106364,"share":2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_K000384_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00885830","name":"VA VICTORY 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00839456","name":"SENATE IMPACT 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00834044","name":"JUSTICE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00832113","name":"BLUE SENATE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_K000384_v9z5sz","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA both supported ($2,500) and opposed ($107,413) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Timothy “Tim” Kaine advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00499020","name":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","support":2500,"oppose":107412.88,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499020/"]},{"id":"P36_K000384","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_K000384_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $98,717.38","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $98,717.38 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 141.8× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":98717.38000000002,"count":15,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P53_K000384_GE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $GE — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine disclosed an asset position in $GE on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GE","assetName":"GE - General Electric Company (NYSE)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37bfecfb-c69e-40af-8be3-24c2ca79700e/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-16"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37bfecfb-c69e-40af-8be3-24c2ca79700e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_K000384_KMI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $KMI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine disclosed an asset position in $KMI on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $KMI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KMI","assetName":"KMI - Kinder Morgan, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2b127ae-015d-45e0-ab9b-e1ceb6a772db/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KMI","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-12-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2b127ae-015d-45e0-ab9b-e1ceb6a772db/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_K000384_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 3 Energy stocks (CVX, XOM, KMI)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX, XOM, KMI) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","XOM","KMI"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P58_K000384","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$224K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 24% from AFL-CIO ","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine received $224,296.7 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO  ($53,664.12 = 24%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":224296.70000000004,"oppose":85.82,"byYear":{"2012":198557.27000000005,"2014":391.45,"2016":799.94,"2018":6527.27,"2024":18106.59},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":53664.119999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":41548.28,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":22812,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":21873.18,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":18106.59,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_K000384","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $133,717.38","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine received campaign contributions totaling $133,717.38 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($98,717.38); LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000); VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY ($5,000); ACADEMY OF RAIL LABOR ATTORNEYS ($5,000); VOICE OF THE PEOPLE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":133717.38,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":98717.38000000002,"exact":true},{"donorName":"LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY - PAC","ldaClient":"LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ACADEMY OF RAIL LABOR ATTORNEYS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ACADEMY OF RAIL LABOR ATTORNEYS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PEOPLE'S VOICE PAC","ldaClient":"VOICE OF THE PEOPLE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_K000384","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $110,377 on 2017-12-09 (11.9× normal)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $110,377 on 2017-12-09 — 11.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":110377,"maxRatio":11.9,"maxAmount":110377},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-12-09","amount":110377,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":9256,"count":82,"cmteId":"C00495358","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00495358&min_date=2017-12-09&max_date=2017-12-09"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495358/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00495358&min_date=2017-12-09&max_date=2017-12-09"]},{"id":"P63_K000384","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 60 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 60 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): SGENX, VWINX, QQQ, SDY, PFBPX, PONPX, PRHSX, PXSGX, VO, SGIIX, FSNPX, TIAA, HBLIX, SPY, TSIIX, … (45 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":60,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["SGENX","VWINX","QQQ","SDY","PFBPX","PONPX","PRHSX","PXSGX","VO","SGIIX","FSNPX","TIAA","HBLIX","SPY","TSIIX","MBB","FVD","VB","LLDYX","CMGIX","FCPIX","GE","MDISX","LSBDX","VDE"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_K000384_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Energy stocks (CVX, XOM, KMI) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Energy stocks — CVX, XOM, KMI — held by Child (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","XOM","KMI"],"owner":"Child","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/772f249f-ec6f-469a-a2e8-8d5c4f1a3e1c/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/772f249f-ec6f-469a-a2e8-8d5c4f1a3e1c/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P69_K000384","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $0.9M in personal liabilities (43% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $925,001 in personal liabilities against $2,149,515 in assets — a 43.0% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $0.9M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":925001,"totalAssetMid":2149515,"leverageRatio":43,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.25% (30 years) · $100,001 - $250,000 · Truist Richmond, VA · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2022 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.7% (30 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Morgan Stanley Richmond, VA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_K000384","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Other (Board Member) at National Endowment for Democracy Washington, DC","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Board Member) at National Endowment for Democracy Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"National Endowment for Democracy Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_K000384","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$90,715 in outside earned income — top source: Harper Horizon Nashville, TN ($$66,667.00)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $90,715 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Harper Horizon Nashville, TN ($66,667.00, Other (Advance)); Virginia Retirement System Richmond, VA ($24,048.00, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":90715,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Advance)","source":"Harper Horizon Nashville, TN","amount":"$66,667.00","amountNumeric":66667},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"Virginia Retirement System Richmond, VA","amount":"$24,048.00","amountNumeric":24048}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_K000384","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 reportable gifts disclosed totaling $3,200 — top: Copper Statue for Bernardo Galves Award ($2,200.00)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's Senate annual financial disclosures report 2 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $3,200 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: Copper Statue for Bernardo Galves Award ($2,200.00) from United States-Spain Council Falls Church; Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic(Grand Orde ($1,000.00) from Spanish Embassy Washington, DC.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":2,"totalValue":3200,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"},{"source":"gift","date":"09/22/2017","recipient":"Self","description":"Copper Statue for Bernardo Galves Award","value":"$2,200.00","giftSource":"United States-Spain Council Falls Church, VA","year":2018},{"source":"gift","date":"02/27/2018","recipient":"Self","description":"Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic(Grand Order). (exact value unascertainable)","value":"$1,000.00","giftSource":"Spanish Embassy Washington, DC","year":2019}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_K000384_2016","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 6 new ticker holdings in 2016 not present in prior PFD filings — including ODVYX, VO, VB, AMX, KMI, ACINX","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 6 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: ODVYX, VO, VB, AMX, KMI, ACINX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2016,"count":6,"newTickers":["ODVYX","VO","VB","AMX","KMI","ACINX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/44d45543-3a2b-4449-afb1-6cb7cac6104a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/44d45543-3a2b-4449-afb1-6cb7cac6104a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_K000384","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 24 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine appears in 24 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 24 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); ie support concentration (2); senate pfd holding trade (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":24,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000384","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_K000384_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 21 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including TGBAX, OAKBX, QQQ, FGRIX, AMX, BMY","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 21 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: TGBAX, OAKBX, QQQ, FGRIX, AMX, BMY, CVX, KO, DUK, XOM, IBM, KMB.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":21,"divestedTickers":["TGBAX","OAKBX","QQQ","FGRIX","AMX","BMY","CVX","KO","DUK","XOM","IBM","KMB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0fc9e83f-0921-4301-8f20-4ad0a472bccc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0fc9e83f-0921-4301-8f20-4ad0a472bccc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_K000384_2015","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine filed 4 amendments to the 2015 Senate annual disclosure — 10 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Timothy “Tim” Kaine's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2015 report alone, with 10 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2015,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":10,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c9c6e6ec-7189-4505-bfe8-b29b423a5714/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b6485505-144e-423b-b057-40f917b130a1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ddb95efa-1515-47c1-b6f8-c61c2b161eaa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/396F65A3-575C-4D1A-8FFA-AFE162E99B33/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c9c6e6ec-7189-4505-bfe8-b29b423a5714/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b6485505-144e-423b-b057-40f917b130a1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_K000384_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine discloses 8 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 8 unascertainable, 21% of 38 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 8 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 8 unascertainable) across 38 total reported assets — 21% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: IRA Managed by Morgan Stanley (--) · Morgan Stanley Consultant Advisor Account (--) · IRA managed by Morgan Stanley (--) · Commonwealth of Virginia 457 Deferred Compensation Plan (--) · Commonwealth of Virginia Cash Match Plan- 401(a) (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":8,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":8,"totalAssets":38,"opaqueRatio":0.211,"samples":[{"asset":"IRA Managed by Morgan Stanley","value":"--"},{"asset":"Morgan Stanley Consultant Advisor Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA managed by Morgan Stanley","value":"--"},{"asset":"Commonwealth of Virginia 457 Deferred Compensation Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Commonwealth of Virginia Cash Match Plan- 401(a)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_K000384_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 PFD: 26 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (67% of 39 reported assets)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 26 reported holdings owned by Spouse (12), Joint (14), or Dependent (0) — 67% of 39 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: IRA Managed by Morgan Stanley · Spouse: SGENX - First Eagle Global A (NASDAQ) · Spouse: Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. (New York, NY) Type: Money Market Account · Joint: Morgan Stanley Consultant Advisor Account.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":12,"Joint":14,"Dependent":0,"Self":12},"totalAssets":39,"familyShare":0.667,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"IRA Managed by Morgan Stanley","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"SGENX - First Eagle Global A (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. (New York, NY) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Morgan Stanley Consultant Advisor Account","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Morgan Stanley - MSPBNA Savings (Rochester, NY) Type: Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_K000384","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's campaign paid $1,713,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: KAINE FOR GOVERNOR ($1,625,000)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $1,713,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KAINE FOR GOVERNOR ($1,625,000 across 3 payments, services: CONTRIB TO LOCAL CAN · CONTRIBUTION GOVERNER - VA · TIM KAINE, GOVERNOR  VA   G/05). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1713000,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KAINE FOR GOVERNOR","total":1625000,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONTRIB TO LOCAL CAN","CONTRIBUTION GOVERNER - VA","TIM KAINE, GOVERNOR  VA   G/05"]},{"payee":"KAINE ACTION FUND","total":88000,"count":2,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"kaine"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2VA00142&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_K000384","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine filed 10 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 120 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Timothy “Tim” Kaine has filed 10 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 120 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2011 (120d late, filed 09/12/2011) · 2016 (107d late, filed 08/30/2016) · 2016 (107d late, filed 08/30/2016) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":10,"maxDaysLate":120,"samples":[{"year":2011,"filingDate":"09/12/2011","daysLate":120,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6D58AEF6-5DF5-4873-BE1D-F027C7981557/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2016,"filingDate":"08/30/2016","daysLate":107,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/44d45543-3a2b-4449-afb1-6cb7cac6104a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2016,"filingDate":"08/30/2016","daysLate":107,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/fd2433ac-1028-48a1-9639-e6d73ea27495/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/37bfecfb-c69e-40af-8be3-24c2ca79700e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6D58AEF6-5DF5-4873-BE1D-F027C7981557/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/44d45543-3a2b-4449-afb1-6cb7cac6104a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/fd2433ac-1028-48a1-9639-e6d73ea27495/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_K000384_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine owes 2 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Truist Richmond, VA","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 2.25% (30 years) from Truist Richmond, VA · Mortgage ($$500,001 - $1,000,000) at 2.7% (30 years) from Morgan Stanley Richmond,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":2,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.25% (30 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Truist Richmond, VA","incurred":"2021"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.7% (30 years)","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","creditor":"Morgan Stanley Richmond, VA","incurred":"2022"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P102_K000384_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Other (Board Member) · National Endowment for Democracy","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Other (Board Member) · National Endowment for Democracy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"National Endowment for Democracy Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2019 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P109_K000384","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine named on 4 Joint Fundraising Committees ($22.6M total receipts) — top: KAINE VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine appears as a candidate beneficiary on 4 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $22.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: KAINE VICTORY FUND (C00629378, $9.0M receipts, treasurer BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M). Active years: 2, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":4,"totalReceiptsM":22.65,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00629378","name":"KAINE VICTORY FUND","receipts":9035381.28,"treasurer":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629378/"},{"committeeId":"C00833350","name":"KAINE VICTORY FUND","receipts":7403540.42,"treasurer":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833350/"},{"committeeId":"C00695940","name":"KAINE FOR COMMON GROUND PAC","receipts":4471092.01,"treasurer":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00695940/"},{"committeeId":"C00572388","name":"KAINE FOR COMMON GROUND","receipts":1738039.05,"treasurer":"KATHERINE BUCHANAN","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00572388/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629378/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00629378/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_K000384","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $125M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's FEC-bulk record shows $125.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":125.37,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2VA00142"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2VA00142/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_K000384","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's PAC funding concentrates 46% in Labor ($0.14M / $0.31M classified)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's PAC donors concentrate 46% in the Labor industry — $0.14M of $0.31M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.14M · Finance $0.10M · Technology $0.04M · Healthcare $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.14,"totalPacAmountM":0.31,"concentrationPct":45.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.14,"Finance":0.1,"Technology":0.04,"Healthcare":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2VA00142/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_K000384","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 36 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":36}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_K000384","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine triggers 37 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine accumulates findings across 37 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 37 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":37,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P27","P35","P36","P51","P53","P54","P58","P61","P62","P63","P64","P69","P70","P71","P72","P74","P78","P79","P82","P83","P87","P90"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_K000384","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine operates leadership PAC with $8.1M lifetime receipts (6 cycles) — top: COMMON GROUND PAC","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $8.1M and disbursements of $7.7M across 6 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: COMMON GROUND PAC (C00538835). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":8.1,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.66,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00538835","cmteName":"COMMON GROUND PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00538835/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_K000384","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's leadership PAC disbursed $7.7M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's leadership PAC disbursed $7.7M across 6 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: COMMON GROUND PAC (C00538835).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.66,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00538835","cmteName":"COMMON GROUND PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00538835/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P161_K000384_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 PFD includes 3 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Target Date 2030 Portfolio · Target Date 2030 Portfolio · FSNPX - Fidelity Freedom 2025 Fund Class K.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"asset":"Target Date 2030 Portfolio","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Target Date 2030 Portfolio","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"FSNPX - Fidelity Freedom 2025 Fund Class K","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_K000384_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 38 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 38 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_K000384","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's PFD net worth declined 44% year-over-year — 2017 $1.38M → 2018 $0.77M","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $1.38M in 2017 to $0.77M in 2018 — a 44% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2017","priorNetWorthM":1.38,"latestYear":"2018","latestNetWorthM":0.77,"declinePct":44.2,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2b127ae-015d-45e0-ab9b-e1ceb6a772db/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0fc9e83f-0921-4301-8f20-4ad0a472bccc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0fc9e83f-0921-4301-8f20-4ad0a472bccc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a2b127ae-015d-45e0-ab9b-e1ceb6a772db/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_VA_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VA delegation: Timothy “Tim” Kaine & Mark Warner both flagged on 19 shared detector types (2 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from VA — Timothy “Tim” Kaine and Mark Warner — are flagged on the same 19 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 2 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P7, P9, P10, P15, P36, P53, P58, P63.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"VA","otherSenatorBid":"W000805","otherSenatorName":"Mark Warner","sharedDetectorCount":19,"sharedHighCount":2,"sharedDetectors":["P7","P9","P10","P15","P36","P53","P58","P63","P70","P72","P74","P79","P83","P93","P102","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000384","https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000805"]},{"id":"P193_K000384_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine — 20 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine's 2025 Senate PFD shows 20 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":20,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0acdf6ca-e13d-4e0c-9028-93c43ec97131/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_K000384","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($62.7M)","explanation":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $62.7M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":62683493,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2VA00142/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001230":[{"id":"P6_B001230_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,169,371 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $2,169,371 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 34 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":2169370.9199999995,"oppose":0,"events":34}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_B001230_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,667,176 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets","explanation":"VoteVets spent $1,667,176 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":1667176,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P6_B001230_tx5tab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,545,787 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from One For All Committee","explanation":"One For All Committee spent $1,545,787 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00752691","name":"One For All Committee","support":1545786.6300000004,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00752691/"]},{"id":"P6_B001230_uwvt1a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,126,792 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Service Employees International Union PE","explanation":"Service Employees International Union PEA - Federal spent $1,126,792 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00523621","name":"Service Employees International Union PEA - Federal","support":1126792.42,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523621/"]},{"id":"P6_B001230_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,033,146 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Majority PAC","explanation":"Senate Majority PAC spent $1,033,146 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"Senate Majority PAC","support":1033146,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_B001230_ufw19a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$988,759 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from For Our Future","explanation":"For Our Future spent $988,759 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 519 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00620971","name":"For Our Future","support":988758.6799999998,"oppose":0,"events":519}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620971/"]},{"id":"P6_B001230_tfg1vw","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$958,072 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Power to the Polls Federal Fund","explanation":"Power to the Polls Federal Fund spent $958,072 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 271 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00869073","name":"Power to the Polls Federal Fund","support":958071.9800000007,"oppose":0,"events":271}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00869073/"]},{"id":"P6_B001230_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$851,545 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CFFE PAC","explanation":"CFFE PAC spent $851,545 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"CFFE PAC","support":851545,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P7_B001230_tvwsfg","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $72,668,657 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $72,668,657 opposing this member across 3720 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":72668657.39,"totalSupport":15152188.590000005,"events":3720,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":22329701.410000004},{"name":"FIX WASHINGTON PAC","oppose":15728144.740000002},{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":6056396.0200000005},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","oppose":5865597.4},{"name":"Restoration PAC","oppose":5521327}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B001230_jvimb1","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,930,268 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 8 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,930,268 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1930267.69,"events":8,"byYear":{"2012":1888267.69,"2024":42000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":1473348.69,"events":4},{"cmteId":"C30001911","name":"EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR ISRAEL","total":411370,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30003552","name":"AMERICANS FOR PHARMA REFORM INC.","total":42000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30002109","name":"AMERICA CONTINUES INC","total":3549,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001230_9spbj6","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$481,262 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $481,262 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":482357.7299999998,"oppose":1095.35,"net":481262.37999999983,"events":122,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":138938.13000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":80012.74,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":53087.90999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":44197.46,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":38696.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_B001230_Labor","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of PAC dollars ($3,150,862) come from Labor industry","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Labor issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Labor","amount":3150862.2800000007,"share":61.3,"totalPAC":5141801.26,"pacCount":36},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":3150862.2800000007,"share":61.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":908161.46,"share":17.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":506212.65,"share":9.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":167476.31,"share":3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_B001230_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00744540","name":"BLUE SENATE CANDIDATE FUND","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00878975","name":"SENATE IMPACT PROJECT","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00878116","name":"SCHUMER MAJORITY COMMITTEE","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00877209","name":"2024 SENATE IMPACT","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00872580","name":"OH PA WI VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_B001230_uv4j5j","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Americas PAC both supported ($51,000) and opposed ($1,534,551) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Tammy Baldwin advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00559906","name":"Americas PAC","support":51000,"oppose":1534551,"events":38}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00559906/"]},{"id":"P36_B001230","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_B001230","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1930K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 76% from AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin was the target of $1,930,267.69 in electioneering communications across 8 events from 4 different committees. The dominant spender was AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY ($1,473,348.69 = 76% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1930267.69,"events":8,"pacCount":4,"byYear":{"2012":1888267.69,"2024":42000}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001051","name":"AMERICANS FOR PROSPERITY","total":1473348.69,"events":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001051/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001911","name":"EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR ISRAEL","total":411370,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001911/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003552","name":"AMERICANS FOR PHARMA REFORM INC.","total":42000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003552/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002109","name":"AMERICA CONTINUES INC","total":3549,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002109/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001051/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_B001230","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$482K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 29% from SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin received $482,357.73 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION ($138,938.13 = 29%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":482357.7299999998,"oppose":1095.35,"byYear":{"2010":8985.64,"2012":400600.49999999994,"2014":5832.71,"2018":19678.07,"2024":53760.44},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":138938.13000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":80012.74,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":53087.90999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":44197.46,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005152/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":38696.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_B001230","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (10 total findings) — ie support concentration (8), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 10 total findings across them: ie support concentration (8), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":10,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":8},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_B001230","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $241,419.6","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin received campaign contributions totaling $241,419.6 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: PUERTO RICO DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ($143,873.31); WE MUST COUNT, A PROJECT OF RESOURCE IMPACT ($97,546.29).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":241419.6,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY","ldaClient":"PUERTO RICO DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY","donorTotal":143873.31,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SENATE IMPACT PROJECT","ldaClient":"WE MUST COUNT, A PROJECT OF RESOURCE IMPACT","donorTotal":97546.29000000001,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_B001230","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (8); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1); pac industry monopoly (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":8},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001230","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P93_B001230","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Baldwin filed 2 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 123 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Tammy Baldwin has filed 2 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 123 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2016 (123d late, filed 09/15/2016) · 2020 (75d late, filed 07/29/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":2,"maxDaysLate":123,"samples":[{"year":2016,"filingDate":"09/15/2016","daysLate":123,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/e949cd19-2f95-482f-ab1d-b4f96d16e452/","title":"Blind Trust"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"07/29/2020","daysLate":75,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55aecaa3-e6ad-46c4-943f-5b326b1f414b/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/e949cd19-2f95-482f-ab1d-b4f96d16e452/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55aecaa3-e6ad-46c4-943f-5b326b1f414b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P97_B001230_2025","pattern_type":"P97_PFD_BLIND_TRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Baldwin's 2025 PFD references a Qualified Blind Trust — transparency-positive (rare among senators)","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references a Qualified Blind Trust (QBT). A QBT removes the senator's discretion over individual asset-management decisions for the trust assets — they cannot direct purchases or sales, and they receive only summary balance information without knowing the underlying holdings. This is the strongest available recusal mechanism short of full divestiture. Setting up a QBT is rare (fewer than 10 of 100 senators historically) and requires Senate Ethics Committee approval of trust documents and trustees. This finding is transparency-positive — the inverse of the dozens of conflict-pattern flags above. Journalists should still verify the scope of the trust (does it cover all reportable assets, or just a subset?) and check for any reportable transactions outside the trust. Reference: 1 | Qualified Blind Trust (Senate approved QBT) | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | $500,001 - $1,000,000 | Qualified Blind Trust | $15,0","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_blind_trust","year":"2025","mention":"1 | Qualified Blind Trust (Senate approved QBT) | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | $500,001 - $1,000,000 | Qualified Blind Trust | $15,001 - $50,000","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1d51691-0931-46b8-a518-c4fc261653f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1d51691-0931-46b8-a518-c4fc261653f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/qualifiedblindtrust"]},{"id":"P109_B001230","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Baldwin named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($8.2M total receipts) — top: BALDWIN FOR WISCONSIN","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $8.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BALDWIN FOR WISCONSIN (C00830687, $5.7M receipts, treasurer CHILDERS, MICHAEL). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":8.23,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00830687","name":"BALDWIN FOR WISCONSIN","receipts":5664158.36,"treasurer":"CHILDERS, MICHAEL","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00830687/"},{"committeeId":"C00525295","name":"BALDWIN WISCONSIN VICTORY FUND 2012","receipts":2567719.8200000003,"treasurer":"GLENN W CARLSON","activeYears":8,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00525295/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00830687/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00830687/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_B001230","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tammy Baldwin ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $217M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin's FEC-bulk record shows $217.1M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":217.11,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2WI00219"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2WI00219/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_B001230","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tammy Baldwin's PAC funding concentrates 94% in Labor ($3.15M / $3.34M classified)","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin's PAC donors concentrate 94% in the Labor industry — $3.15M of $3.34M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $3.15M · Legal $0.15M · Ideological $0.02M · Finance $0.02M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":3.15,"totalPacAmountM":3.34,"concentrationPct":94.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":3.15,"Legal":0.15,"Ideological":0.02,"Finance":0.02}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2WI00219/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_B001230","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Baldwin triggers 15 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin accumulates 15 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":15,"distinctDetectorTypes":18}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_B001230","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tammy Baldwin ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 727 sponsored, 6,797 cosponsored","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin's congress.gov record shows 727 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":727,"cosponsoredCount":6797,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/tammy-baldwin/B001230","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_B001230","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tammy Baldwin ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,797 cosponsored, 727 sponsored","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin's congress.gov record shows 6,797 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6797,"sponsoredCount":727,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/tammy-baldwin/B001230","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P172_WI_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WI delegation: Tammy Baldwin & Ron Johnson both flagged on 7 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from WI — Tammy Baldwin and Ron Johnson — are flagged on the same 7 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P8, P9, P36, P58, P93.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"WI","otherSenatorBid":"J000293","otherSenatorName":"Ron Johnson","sharedDetectorCount":7,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P36","P58","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001230","https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000293"]},{"id":"P199_B001230","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tammy Baldwin — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($108.6M)","explanation":"Tammy Baldwin is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $108.6M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":108554510,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2WI00219/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"F000463":[{"id":"P6_F000463_vaise1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,597,685 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Ending Spending Action Fund","explanation":"Ending Spending Action Fund spent $1,597,685 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489856","name":"Ending Spending Action Fund","support":1597685.1,"oppose":0,"events":26}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489856/"]},{"id":"P7_F000463_bay8a0","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $9,874,541 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $9,874,541 opposing this member across 222 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":9874541.040000001,"totalSupport":2347398.7100000004,"events":222,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Retire Career Politicians","oppose":7294667.92},{"name":"END THE GRIDLOCK","oppose":1867976.48},{"name":"NEBRASKA RAILROADERS FOR PUBLIC SAFETY","oppose":311453.74},{"name":"National Wildlife Federation Action Fund","oppose":152500},{"name":"RETIRED AMERICANS PAC","oppose":101728.4}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_F000463_dk4fkr","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$531,430 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 5 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $531,430 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":531430.27,"events":5,"byYear":{"2012":282239.58999999997,"2018":249190.68},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":282239.58999999997,"events":3},{"cmteId":"C30002885","name":"AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION INC.","total":249190.68,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_F000463_uhx54n","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,911 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $51,911 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":51910.65999999999,"oppose":0,"net":51910.65999999999,"events":17,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":31212.910000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":11051.75,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":8820.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ","support":626.67,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":198.88,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_F000463_2n9m8v","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,401,905 / spent $2,303,116","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00540054","cmteName":"NEBRASKA SANDHILLS PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00540054","cmteName":"NEBRASKA SANDHILLS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":560729.4,"totalDisbursements":453365.4,"cashOnHand":110765.32},{"cmteId":"C00540054","cmteName":"NEBRASKA SANDHILLS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":621917.1,"totalDisbursements":641301.6,"cashOnHand":91380.84},{"cmteId":"C00540054","cmteName":"NEBRASKA SANDHILLS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":849830.4,"totalDisbursements":857753.6,"cashOnHand":46500.15},{"cmteId":"C00540054","cmteName":"NEBRASKA SANDHILLS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":369428,"totalDisbursements":350695.3,"cashOnHand":65232.85}],"totalRaised":2401904.9,"totalSpent":2303115.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000463_blfctn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$215,485 donation spike on 2012-09-19 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-19 this committee recorded $215,485 across 177 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,604.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00498907","date":"2012-09-19","amount":215485,"count":177,"baseline":23604,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498907/"]},{"id":"P15_F000463_98lwlq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,720 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $57,720 across 55 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,649.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00498907","date":"2017-06-30","amount":57720,"count":55,"baseline":7649,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498907/"]},{"id":"P15_F000463_5fqgn2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,025 donation spike on 2018-03-27 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-27 this committee recorded $54,025 across 41 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,103.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00498907","date":"2018-03-27","amount":54025,"count":41,"baseline":6103,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498907/"]},{"id":"P15_F000463_wfpkxc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,300 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 14.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $51,300 across 56 contributions — 14.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,457.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00498907","date":"2015-06-30","amount":51300,"count":56,"baseline":3457,"ratio":14.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498907/"]},{"id":"P15_F000463_5v227y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,500 donation spike on 2020-12-10 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-12-10 this committee recorded $70,500 across 19 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,110.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540054","date":"2020-12-10","amount":70500,"count":19,"baseline":6110,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540054/"]},{"id":"P18_F000463_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Deb Fischer executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-06-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Prohibition on Contracting With Persons That Have Business Operations","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2022-05-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_F000463_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Deb Fischer executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2022-06-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services Bozeman, Montana","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2022-05-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000463_wfzqee","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Deb Fischer campaign paid $3,204,238 to 21 surname-matched vendors, top: HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","explanation":"Deb Fischer's campaign paid 126 disbursements totaling $3,204,238 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FISCHER, DAVID T MR.","total":250000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FISCHER, DAVID T MR.","amount":250000,"date":"2016-06-16","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"fischer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DEB, FISCHER","total":150000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DEB, FISCHER","amount":150000,"date":"2016-02-24","description":"","surnameMatched":"fischer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","total":115347.09000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":36406.63,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2008-04-10","description":"GENERIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":26018.33,"date":"2025-08-06","description":"POLITICAL FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FISCHER & ASSOCIATES LLC","total":85000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"FISCHER & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2025-10-09","description":"FIELD CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fischer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FISCHER & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2025-10-30","description":"FIELD CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fischer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FISCHER & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":15000,"date":"2025-10-27","description":"FIELD CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"fischer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUCKABY%20DAVIS%20LISKER"]},{"id":"P29_F000463_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NE R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FISCHER, Debra (Deb) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"William J. Crain, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the Easte"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"William J. Crain, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the Easte"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_F000463","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Deb Fischer has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_F000463_LMT_20220623","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of LMT in 2022-Q2 while LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Deb Fischer executed a sell in LMT during 2022-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23","quarter":"2022-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q2","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION","LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_F000463_KO_20220623","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KO 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deb Fischer sell $KO 2 days after a corporate insider (Miura-Ko R. Ann  (CIK 0001760220)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Miura-Ko R. Ann  (CIK 0001760220)","filingDate":"2022-06-21","adsh":"0001209191-22-038611","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_F000463_CAT_20220623","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Deb Fischer sell $CAT 4 days before a corporate insider (Liuzza Nicholas Reyland JR  (CIK 0001264473)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Liuzza Nicholas Reyland JR  (CIK 0001264473)","filingDate":"2022-06-27","adsh":"0001554795-22-000230"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P51_F000463_REPUBLICAN_NATIONAL_COMMITTEE","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE $136.8M — vendor also donated $52,800","explanation":"Deb Fischer's campaign committee paid $136,766,106.98 to REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $52,800 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 2590.3× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE","total":136766106.98,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20NATIONAL%20COMMITTEE"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","total":52800,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20REPUBLICAN%20SENATORIAL%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20NATIONAL%20COMMITTEE","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20REPUBLICAN%20SENATORIAL%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P53_F000463_CAT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CAT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Deb Fischer disclosed an asset position in $CAT on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CAT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CAT","assetName":"CAT - Caterpillar, Inc. Common Stock Filer comment: Inherited from mother 12-26-21","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/789de800-adce-4867-a7dd-3daeb121a689/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CAT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/789de800-adce-4867-a7dd-3daeb121a689/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_F000463_LMT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $LMT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Deb Fischer disclosed an asset position in $LMT on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $LMT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LMT","assetName":"LMT - Lockheed Martin Corporation Common Stock Filer comment: Inherited from mother 12-26-21","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/789de800-adce-4867-a7dd-3daeb121a689/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LMT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/789de800-adce-4867-a7dd-3daeb121a689/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_F000463_CSCO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CSCO — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Deb Fischer disclosed an asset position in $CSCO on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CSCO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CSCO","assetName":"CSCO - Cisco Systems, Inc. - Common Stock Filer comment: Inherited from mother 12-26-21","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dfacc95a-65e0-480d-a082-8f45872c1991/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CSCO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dfacc95a-65e0-480d-a082-8f45872c1991/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_F000463_KO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $KO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Deb Fischer disclosed an asset position in $KO on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $KO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KO","assetName":"KO - Coca-Cola Company (The) Common Stock Filer comment: Inherited from mother 12-26-21","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dfacc95a-65e0-480d-a082-8f45872c1991/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dfacc95a-65e0-480d-a082-8f45872c1991/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_F000463_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (LMT)","explanation":"Deb Fischer discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (LMT) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["LMT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P57_F000463","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$531K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 53% from VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","explanation":"Deb Fischer was the target of $531,430.27 in electioneering communications across 5 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND ($282,239.59 = 53% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":531430.27,"events":5,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2012":282239.58999999997,"2018":249190.68}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":282239.58999999997,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002885","name":"AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION INC.","total":249190.68,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002885/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_F000463","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$52K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 60% from SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","explanation":"Deb Fischer received $51,910.66 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC ($31,212.91 = 60%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":51910.65999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":40339.84,"2014":60.78,"2018":2689.59,"2024":8820.45},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":31212.910000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":11051.75,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":8820.45,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS ","support":626.67,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002969/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":198.88,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_F000463","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (3 total findings) — ie support concentration (1), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Deb Fischer triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 3 total findings across them: ie support concentration (1), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":3,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":1},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P62_F000463","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $51,300 on 2015-06-30 (14.8× normal)","explanation":"Deb Fischer's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $51,300 on 2015-06-30 — 14.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":51300,"maxRatio":14.8,"maxAmount":51300},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-06-30","amount":51300,"ratio":14.8,"baselineDaily":3457,"count":56,"cmteId":"C00498907","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00498907&min_date=2015-06-30&max_date=2015-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498907/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00498907&min_date=2015-06-30&max_date=2015-06-30"]},{"id":"P64_F000463_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (LMT) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Deb Fischer's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — LMT — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["LMT"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/789de800-adce-4867-a7dd-3daeb121a689/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/789de800-adce-4867-a7dd-3daeb121a689/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P74_F000463_2022","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 25 new ticker holdings in 2022 not present in prior PFD filings — including FVC, IGNAX, IPOAX, IVSAX, IVTAX, IYIAX","explanation":"Deb Fischer's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 25 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FVC, IGNAX, IPOAX, IVSAX, IVTAX, IYIAX, IYVAX, WASAX, WCEAX, WLGAX, WSGAX, WSTAX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2022,"count":25,"newTickers":["FVC","IGNAX","IPOAX","IVSAX","IVTAX","IYIAX","IYVAX","WASAX","WCEAX","WLGAX","WSGAX","WSTAX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dfacc95a-65e0-480d-a082-8f45872c1991/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dfacc95a-65e0-480d-a082-8f45872c1991/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_F000463","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 22 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Deb Fischer appears in 22 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 22 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); senate pfd holding trade (4); reg rule trade proximity (2); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":22,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/F000463","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_F000463_2023","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 14 ticker holdings between 2022 and 2023 — including FVC, IGNAX, IPOAX, IVSAX, IVTAX, IYIAX","explanation":"Deb Fischer's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 14 ticker holdings present in the 2022 filing but absent in 2023. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FVC, IGNAX, IPOAX, IVSAX, IVTAX, IYIAX, IYVAX, WASAX, WCEAX, WLGAX, WSGAX, WSTAX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2022,2023],"count":14,"divestedTickers":["FVC","IGNAX","IPOAX","IVSAX","IVTAX","IYIAX","IYVAX","WASAX","WCEAX","WLGAX","WSGAX","WSTAX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/789de800-adce-4867-a7dd-3daeb121a689/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/789de800-adce-4867-a7dd-3daeb121a689/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P80_F000463","pattern_type":"P80_TRIPLE_SECTOR_CONFLICT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triple-overlap conflict in 1 sector: Staples — appears in PFD holdings, donor industries, AND committee jurisdiction","explanation":"Deb Fischer has triple-axis conflict-of-interest exposure in 1 sector — Staples. For each of these sectors, the senator simultaneously: (1) holds publicly-traded stock per their Senate annual financial disclosure, (2) receives campaign contributions from PACs/donors in that industry, AND (3) serves on a Senate committee with jurisdiction over the industry's federal regulation. Three-way alignment is the cleanest position-conflict signal — each axis alone could be coincidental, but the combination establishes a settled pattern. The PELOSI Act recusal language would specifically require recusal from votes affecting these sectors. Sectors flagged: Staples.","evidence":[{"source":"triple_overlap","sectors":["Staples"],"allPfdSectors":["Industrials","Defense","Technology","Staples"],"allDonorSectors":["Staples"],"allCommitteeSectors":["Finance","Real Estate","Staples","Materials","Technology","Telecom","Industrials","Defense"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P81_F000463_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer discloses 2 private-company / restricted stock positions — Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc. (Valentine, NE) Descript…","explanation":"Deb Fischer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 2 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 2 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc. (Val · Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc (Vale.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":2,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc. (Valentine, NE) Description: Ranching","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"asset":"Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc (Valentine, NE) Description: Ranching","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_F000463_2011","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer filed 2 amendments to the 2011 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Deb Fischer's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2011 report alone, with 4 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2011,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/76EC8961-5A76-41E2-81F5-8D7FA145EB73/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F3CA602C-53C1-41C0-8586-4C462D7C497F/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/76EC8961-5A76-41E2-81F5-8D7FA145EB73/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F3CA602C-53C1-41C0-8586-4C462D7C497F/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_F000463_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Deb Fischer's 2025 PFD: 25 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (63% of 40 reported assets)","explanation":"Deb Fischer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 25 reported holdings owned by Spouse (1), Joint (24), or Dependent (0) — 63% of 40 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Wells Fargo (Valentine, NE) Type: Checking · Joint: Rocky Ford Land Description: Agricultural Land (Valentine, NE) · Joint: Union Bank & Trust (Lincoln, NE) Type: Checking · Spouse: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc (Valentine, NE) Descripti.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":1,"Joint":24,"Dependent":0,"Self":14},"totalAssets":40,"familyShare":0.625,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Wells Fargo (Valentine, NE) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Rocky Ford Land Description: Agricultural Land (Valentine, NE)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Union Bank & Trust (Lincoln, NE) Type: Checking","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc (Valentine, NE) Descripti","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Wells Fargo (Valentine, NE) Type: Savings","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_F000463_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Deb Fischer's 2025 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Deb Fischer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc. (Valentine, NE) Description: Ranching","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc Company: Sunny Slope Ranch, Inc (Valentine, NE) Description: Ranching","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_F000463","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Deb Fischer's campaign paid $42,567 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: JACKSON BROWNE C/O TINA FISCHER & ASSOC ($16,067)","explanation":"Deb Fischer's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $42,567 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JACKSON BROWNE C/O TINA FISCHER & ASSOC ($16,067 across 1 payments, services: EVENTS ENTERTAINMENT). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":42567.44,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JACKSON BROWNE C/O TINA FISCHER & ASSOC","total":16067.44,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENTS ENTERTAINMENT"]},{"payee":"TREY MARTINEZ FISCHER CAMPAIGN","total":15000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"FISCHER, CELIA","total":11500,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONS./ACCT.SERV."]}],"surname":"fischer"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2NE00094&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P96_F000463_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Regions Bank Hattiesburg,","explanation":"Deb Fischer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 2.75% (15 years) from Regions Bank Hattiesburg,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.75% (15 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Regions Bank Hattiesburg, MS","incurred":"2020"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_F000463","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.2M total receipts) — top: FISCHER VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Deb Fischer appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: FISCHER VICTORY FUND (C00678367, $3.2M receipts, treasurer DAVIS, KEITH A). Active years: 4, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.21,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00678367","name":"FISCHER VICTORY FUND","receipts":3207443.21,"treasurer":"DAVIS, KEITH A","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00678367/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00678367/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00678367/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P134_F000463","pattern_type":"P134_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH_BEATS_MARKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Deb Fischer's PFD net worth grew 27.8% CAGR over 10 years — beats S&P 500 (~10%) by +17.8pp","explanation":"Deb Fischer's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.38M in 2015 to $4.43M in 2025 — a 27.8% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over 10 years. The S&P 500's long-run total-return CAGR has averaged ~10%; this senator's portfolio outperformed the broad market by approximately +17.8 percentage points per year. Sustained outperformance of this magnitude is statistically rare for a buy-and-hold long-only portfolio — most professional managers underperform the index after fees. Sustained outperformance signals one or more of: (a) skilled active management with risk-on positioning during favorable cycles, (b) concentrated successful sector bets (often telegraphed by P130 sector-concentration), (c) business-deal income (book deals, board fees, consulting, executive compensation), or (d) external windfall (inheritance, real-estate appreciation in concentrated geography). The growth period is the journalist's hook — what specific filings show the inflection points?","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_market_outperformance","earliestYear":"2015","earliestNetWorthM":0.38,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":4.43,"yearsCovered":10,"cagrPct":27.84,"spBenchmarkCagrPct":10,"outperformancePct":17.84,"filingCount":12,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d90d2d3f-9510-48eb-8739-2fc5b3e10f88/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d90d2d3f-9510-48eb-8739-2fc5b3e10f88/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_F000463","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.4M PAC / $42.2M total)","explanation":"Deb Fischer's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.4M of $42.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":42.21,"pacSharePct":36.4,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"S2NE00094"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2NE00094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_F000463","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Deb Fischer's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Agriculture ($0.65M / $0.65M classified)","explanation":"Deb Fischer's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Agriculture industry — $0.65M of $0.65M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.65M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.65,"totalPacAmountM":0.65,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.65}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2NE00094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_F000463","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 35 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Deb Fischer accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 35 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":35}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_F000463","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer triggers 36 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Deb Fischer accumulates findings across 36 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 36 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":36,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P15","P18","P19","P29","P36","P37","P42","P43","P51","P53","P54","P57","P58","P59","P62","P64","P74","P78","P79","P80","P81","P82","P87","P88","P90"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P162_F000463_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 39 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Deb Fischer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 39 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":39,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NE_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NE delegation: Deb Fischer & Pete Ricketts both flagged on 16 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NE — Deb Fischer and Pete Ricketts — are flagged on the same 16 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P10, P18, P19, P29, P36, P37, P42.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NE","otherSenatorBid":"R000618","otherSenatorName":"Pete Ricketts","sharedDetectorCount":16,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P10","P18","P19","P29","P36","P37","P42","P43","P53","P54","P64","P74","P79","P90","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000463","https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000618"]},{"id":"P193_F000463_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deb Fischer — 20 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Deb Fischer's 2025 Senate PFD shows 20 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":20,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d141d368-0226-4e4a-b7d4-26327b7105b4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"W000817":[{"id":"P6_W000817_ty51gq","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$14,812,211 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Persist PAC","explanation":"Persist PAC spent $14,812,211 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00739110","name":"Persist PAC","support":14812211,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00739110/"]},{"id":"P6_W000817_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$300,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Majority PAC (also direct donor)","explanation":"Majority PAC spent $300,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"Majority PAC","support":300000,"oppose":0,"events":2},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"SENATE MAJORITY PAC","total":53099228.800000004}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P7_W000817_w65w0e","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,634,180 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,634,180 opposing this member across 4236 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2634179.829999999,"totalSupport":15670477.530000003,"events":4236,"topAttackers":[{"name":"America 360 Committee","oppose":887565.8800000001},{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":637050.49},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR TAX REFORM","oppose":439233.85000000003},{"name":"COMMONWEALTH UNITY FUND","oppose":407982.62},{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS FIRST","oppose":151336.9}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000817_w9z9pi","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$630,405 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $630,405 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":630404.62,"oppose":0,"net":630404.62,"events":120,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":151786.24,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002373","name":"MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":128398.29000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":103316,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":59247,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":48601.88,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_W000817_pa5vso","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"93% of itemized donations from outside MA","explanation":"Only $3,498,773 of $48,183,772 itemized individual contributions came from MA. The rest — $44,684,999 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"MA","homeStateTotal":3498773,"outOfStateTotal":44684999,"outOfStateShare":92.7,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":1935866},{"stateZip3":"CA941","amount":1680623},{"stateZip3":"WA981","amount":1504199},{"stateZip3":"NY112","amount":1323248},{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":1110042}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_W000817_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"269711 employees of NONE gave $14,527,417 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 269711× NONE = $14,527,417; 84879× SELF EMPLOYED = $5,445,308; 34139× RETIRED = $3,247,069. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":269711,"total":14527417,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":84879,"total":5445308,"years":["2018","2019","2020"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":34139,"total":3247069,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000817_whw9vy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$228,753 donation spike on 2019-03-31 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-31 this committee recorded $228,753 across 881 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,146.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00693234","date":"2019-03-31","amount":228753,"count":881,"baseline":26146,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693234/"]},{"id":"P15_W000817_whvmu2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$193,334 donation spike on 2019-02-09 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-02-09 this committee recorded $193,334 across 682 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,726.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00693234","date":"2019-02-09","amount":193334,"count":682,"baseline":14726,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693234/"]},{"id":"P15_W000817_93itl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,512 donation spike on 2020-05-05 — 575.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-05-05 this committee recorded $94,512 across 666 contributions — 575.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $164.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00693234","date":"2020-05-05","amount":94512,"count":666,"baseline":164,"ratio":575.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693234/"]},{"id":"P25_W000817_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of PAC dollars ($60,423,780,582) come from Party industry","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":60423780582.300804,"share":59.7,"totalPAC":101221097574.88492,"pacCount":100},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":60423780582.300804,"share":59.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":31558440049.824146,"share":31.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":4856658156.609999,"share":4.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":2954745381.510001,"share":2.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000817","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_W000817","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$630K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 24% from AFL-CIO ","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren received $630,404.62 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO  ($151,786.24 = 24%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":630404.62,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":624120.18,"2014":805.46,"2018":5478.98},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":151786.24,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002373","name":"MASSACHUSETTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":128398.29000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002373/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":103316,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":59247,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":48601.88,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_W000817","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $2,163,438,972.16","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren received campaign contributions totaling $2,163,438,972.16 from 33 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 12 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($343,902,130.3); AMALGAMATED BANK ($213,081,624.39); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($169,500,002.62); LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC. ($116,813,685.92); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($115,774,588.25).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":33,"totalDollars":2163438972.16,"exactMatches":12,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":343902130.3000001,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":213081624.39000002,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":169500002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","ldaClient":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","donorTotal":116813685.92,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":115774588.25000009,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_W000817","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $193,334 on 2019-02-09 (13.1× normal)","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $193,334 on 2019-02-09 — 13.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":287846,"maxRatio":575.7,"maxAmount":193334},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-02-09","amount":193334,"ratio":13.1,"baselineDaily":14726,"count":682,"cmteId":"C00693234","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00693234&min_date=2019-02-09&max_date=2019-02-09"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-05-05","amount":94512,"ratio":575.7,"baselineDaily":164,"count":666,"cmteId":"C00693234","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00693234&min_date=2020-05-05&max_date=2020-05-05"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693234/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00693234&min_date=2019-02-09&max_date=2019-02-09"]},{"id":"P71_W000817","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$116,343.51 in outside earned income — top source: TIAA Administration Services LLC New York, NY ($$88,423.61)","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $116,343.51 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: TIAA Administration Services LLC New York, NY ($88,423.61, Retirement); CCH Inc dba Wolters Kluwer Law & Business (Formerly Aspen Pu ($27,919.90, Royalties).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":116343.51000000001,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"TIAA Administration Services LLC New York, NY","amount":"$88,423.61","amountNumeric":88423.61},{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"CCH Inc dba Wolters Kluwer Law & Business (Formerly Aspen Publishers) Riverwoods","amount":"$27,919.90","amountNumeric":27919.9}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_W000817_2017","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 7 new ticker holdings in 2017 not present in prior PFD filings — including TRGMX, TRBIX, TRERX, TBIIX, TBIRX, TIEIX","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 7 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: TRGMX, TRBIX, TRERX, TBIIX, TBIRX, TIEIX, VFIAX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2017,"count":7,"newTickers":["TRGMX","TRBIX","TRERX","TBIIX","TBIRX","TIEIX","VFIAX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4b09e75-86fa-4d2c-bfa2-eaabe05eba8d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4b09e75-86fa-4d2c-bfa2-eaabe05eba8d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000817","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 16 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 16 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (3); ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); out of state concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":16,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000817","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_W000817_2022","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 6 ticker holdings between 2021 and 2022 — including TRGMX, TRBIX, TRERX, TBIIX, TBIRX, TIEIX","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 ticker holdings present in the 2021 filing but absent in 2022. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: TRGMX, TRBIX, TRERX, TBIIX, TBIRX, TIEIX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2021,2022],"count":6,"divestedTickers":["TRGMX","TRBIX","TRERX","TBIIX","TBIRX","TIEIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31b338fd-2c5d-47cf-8524-29838abd3032/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31b338fd-2c5d-47cf-8524-29838abd3032/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_W000817_2018","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elizabeth Warren filed 4 amendments to the 2018 Senate annual disclosure — 10 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Elizabeth Warren's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2018 report alone, with 10 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2018,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":10,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ec0a093-7a7b-41d1-a50d-40ea8a76c7e4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/745b344d-341c-4e84-9540-98f107648423/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5de3e0ee-e1b9-4dfd-9577-a9da2b2a7a0b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/daddb87d-f682-4bd8-9a56-2605b1cc89ca/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5ec0a093-7a7b-41d1-a50d-40ea8a76c7e4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/745b344d-341c-4e84-9540-98f107648423/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P88_W000817_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elizabeth Warren's 2025 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"TIAA-CREF Traditional","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"TIAA-CREF Traditional","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_W000817","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elizabeth Warren filed 4 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 228 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Elizabeth Warren has filed 4 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 228 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2011 (228d late, filed 12/29/2011) · 2010 (130d late, filed 09/22/2010) · 2022 (72d late, filed 07/26/2022) · 2015 (70d late, filed 07/24/2015).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":4,"maxDaysLate":228,"samples":[{"year":2011,"filingDate":"12/29/2011","daysLate":228,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/CA80A8CE-8D37-4971-9F33-96D3CBE069C6/","title":"Annual Report"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"09/22/2010","daysLate":130,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D6064FCB-D3C8-47DD-A9B9-9B251325D878/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"07/26/2022","daysLate":72,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31b338fd-2c5d-47cf-8524-29838abd3032/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"07/24/2015","daysLate":70,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/0B7F102A-9406-4AD0-979D-3AFD90BA1FCB/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/CA80A8CE-8D37-4971-9F33-96D3CBE069C6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D6064FCB-D3C8-47DD-A9B9-9B251325D878/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31b338fd-2c5d-47cf-8524-29838abd3032/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P101_W000817_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elizabeth Warren's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$27,919 disclosed) — top: CCH Inc dba Wolters","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $27,919 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: CCH Inc dba Wolters (Royalties, $27,919.90).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":27919,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"CCH Inc dba Wolters Kluwer Law & Business (Formerly Aspen Publishers) Riverwoods, IL","amount":"$27,919.90"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P105_W000817","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elizabeth Warren named on 2 SEC Schedule 13D/G filings — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren appears as a named filer on 2 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filings (most recent: 2006-03-22, form SC 13G/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":2,"latest":{"fileDate":"2006-03-22","form":"SC 13G/A","displayNames":["WARREN MARY ELIZABETH  (CIK 0001167457)","FISHER COMMUNICATIONS INC  (CIK 0001034669)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001167457&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1167457/000095012406001386/0000950124-06-001386-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1167457/000095012406001386/0000950124-06-001386-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001167457&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P109_W000817","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Warren named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($4.9M total receipts) — top: ELIZABETH WARREN ACTION FUND","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $4.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: ELIZABETH WARREN ACTION FUND (C00631861, $4.9M receipts, treasurer LOWEY, KEITH). Active years: 1, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":4.93,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00631861","name":"ELIZABETH WARREN ACTION FUND","receipts":4931245.58,"treasurer":"LOWEY, KEITH","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00631861/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00631861/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00631861/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P135_W000817","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Warren's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $6.7M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $6.7M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 25; earned-income on first filing: $586,527.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":6692511.5,"assetCount":25,"earnedIncome":586527,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4066d1f1-1062-4f44-99b3-f5ac02270b9a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4066d1f1-1062-4f44-99b3-f5ac02270b9a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_W000817","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elizabeth Warren ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $205M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's FEC-bulk record shows $205.1M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":205.14,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2MA00170"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2MA00170/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_W000817","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elizabeth Warren's PAC funding concentrates 99% in Technology ($31159.03M / $31566.20M classified)","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's PAC donors concentrate 99% in the Technology industry — $31159.03M of $31566.20M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $31159.03M · Finance $382.35M · Labor $24.82M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":31159.03,"totalPacAmountM":31566.2,"concentrationPct":98.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":31159.03,"Finance":382.35,"Labor":24.82}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_W000817","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Warren triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 24 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":24}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P156_W000817","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elizabeth Warren's PFD earned income grew 3.2× year-over-year — 2021 $291K → 2022 $940K","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $291,081.04 in 2021 to $940,375.51 in 2022 — a 3.2× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2021","priorIncome":291081.04,"latestYear":"2022","latestIncome":940375.51,"growthFactor":3.23,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8685d414-5ed8-4d2e-b246-19790e981ff6/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31b338fd-2c5d-47cf-8524-29838abd3032/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31b338fd-2c5d-47cf-8524-29838abd3032/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8685d414-5ed8-4d2e-b246-19790e981ff6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P157_W000817","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Warren ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 874 sponsored, 4,305 cosponsored","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's congress.gov record shows 874 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":874,"cosponsoredCount":4305,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/elizabeth-warren/W000817","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_W000817_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Warren's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 13 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 13 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_W000817","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Warren's PFD net worth declined 36% year-over-year — 2021 $10.24M → 2022 $6.54M","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $10.24M in 2021 to $6.54M in 2022 — a 36% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2021","priorNetWorthM":10.24,"latestYear":"2022","latestNetWorthM":6.54,"declinePct":36.11,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8685d414-5ed8-4d2e-b246-19790e981ff6/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31b338fd-2c5d-47cf-8524-29838abd3032/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31b338fd-2c5d-47cf-8524-29838abd3032/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8685d414-5ed8-4d2e-b246-19790e981ff6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_W000817_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Warren's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $7.1M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $7.1M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":7089505.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fd6288d2-f24d-4a46-ae29-96de9f53978e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_MA_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MA delegation: Elizabeth Warren & Edward “Ed” Markey both flagged on 7 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MA — Elizabeth Warren and Edward “Ed” Markey — are flagged on the same 7 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P36, P58, P93, P109.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MA","otherSenatorBid":"M000133","otherSenatorName":"Edward “Ed” Markey","sharedDetectorCount":7,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P36","P58","P93","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000817","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000133"]},{"id":"P195_W000817","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Warren — DW-NOMINATE -0.74 vs MA delegation mean -0.36 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.74) is 1.9 standard deviations from the MA delegation mean (-0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MA","memberScore":-0.745,"delegationMean":-0.3643142857142857,"zscore":"1.91"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P199_W000817","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elizabeth Warren — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($102.6M)","explanation":"Elizabeth Warren is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $102.6M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":102571983,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2MA00170/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000563":[{"id":"P6_D000563_xa1efy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$600,806 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","explanation":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE spent $600,806 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 34 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00027466","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","support":600805.8999999999,"oppose":4935620.699999998,"events":34}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00027466/"]},{"id":"P7_D000563_durhhq","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $21,164,124 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $21,164,124 opposing this member across 127 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":21164124.170000006,"totalSupport":700606.01,"events":127,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":15164165.05},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":4935620.699999998},{"name":"Americas PAC","oppose":580940},{"name":"Our America Fund","oppose":286878.42},{"name":"Restoration PAC","oppose":77000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000563_8ya8in","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,525 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $64,525 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":64524.5,"oppose":0,"net":64524.5,"events":4,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":52833.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":11690.78,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_D000563_9tzps1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $7,890,310 / spent $7,962,136","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00347195","cmteName":"PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":559445.2,"totalDisbursements":621303.8,"cashOnHand":17602.58},{"cmteId":"C00347195","cmteName":"PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":753050,"totalDisbursements":621372.3,"cashOnHand":149280.26},{"cmteId":"C00347195","cmteName":"PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":751550,"totalDisbursements":863082.3,"cashOnHand":37747.98},{"cmteId":"C00347195","cmteName":"PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1118551.1,"totalDisbursements":1071422.7,"cashOnHand":84876.38},{"cmteId":"C00347195","cmteName":"PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":996642,"totalDisbursements":978437.7,"cashOnHand":103080.67}],"totalRaised":7890310,"totalSpent":7962136.100000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_D000563_onfbtz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"83% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $2,071,362 in itemized individual contributions, $1,712,500 (83%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2071362,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-9188,"$200.01-$499":8850,"$500-$999":63900,"$1000-$1999":295300,"$2000 and over":1712500},"megaShare":82.7,"smallDonorShare":-0.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000563_1z02gu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,500 donation spike on 2012-10-12 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-10-12 this committee recorded $93,500 across 20 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,226.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00347195","date":"2012-10-12","amount":93500,"count":20,"baseline":15226,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00347195/"]},{"id":"P15_D000563_dh8xu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,700 donation spike on 2017-09-06 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-06 this committee recorded $87,700 across 43 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,231.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00347195","date":"2017-09-06","amount":87700,"count":43,"baseline":7231,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00347195/"]},{"id":"P15_D000563_eaxo8v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,900 donation spike on 2016-08-16 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-16 this committee recorded $76,900 across 31 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,191.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00347195","date":"2016-08-16","amount":76900,"count":31,"baseline":11191,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00347195/"]},{"id":"P15_D000563_szeif6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,500 donation spike on 2015-04-10 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-04-10 this committee recorded $74,500 across 20 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,569.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00347195","date":"2015-04-10","amount":74500,"count":20,"baseline":9569,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00347195/"]},{"id":"P25_D000563_Energy","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"80% of PAC dollars ($505,500) come from Energy industry","explanation":"Richard Durbin receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Energy issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Energy","amount":505500,"share":80.3,"totalPAC":629540.09,"pacCount":18},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":505500,"share":80.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Legal","amount":30730.09,"share":4.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":25100,"share":4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":19000,"share":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_D000563_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DURBIN, Richard Joseph voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2025-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":646,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_D000563_xa1efy","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE both supported ($600,806) and opposed ($4,935,621) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Richard Durbin advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00027466","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","support":600805.8999999999,"oppose":4935620.699999998,"events":34}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00027466/"]},{"id":"P35_D000563_uv4j5j","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Americas PAC both supported ($60,000) and opposed ($580,940) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Richard Durbin advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00559906","name":"Americas PAC","support":60000,"oppose":580940,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00559906/"]},{"id":"P36_D000563","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Richard Durbin has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_D000563","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$65K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 82% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Richard Durbin received $64,524.5 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($52,833.72 = 82%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":64524.5,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2020":64524.5},"corpCount":2},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":52833.72,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":11690.78,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_D000563","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $10,000","explanation":"Richard Durbin received campaign contributions totaling $10,000 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":10000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES PAC (NACS PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_D000563","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 16 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Richard Durbin appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 16 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (4); both sides ie (2); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":16,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000563","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_D000563_2014","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Durbin filed 2 amendments to the 2014 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Richard Durbin's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2014 report alone, with 4 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2014,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6D287664-E373-4822-956C-465BC0B94330/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/4E063A9B-3423-45E5-AE5D-6808391B9DCB/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6D287664-E373-4822-956C-465BC0B94330/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/4E063A9B-3423-45E5-AE5D-6808391B9DCB/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_D000563","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Durbin filed 20 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 153 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Richard Durbin has filed 20 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 153 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2012 (153d late, filed 10/15/2012) · 2012 (153d late, filed 10/15/2012) · 2014 (112d late, filed 09/04/2014) · 2021 (93d late, filed 08/16/2021).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":20,"maxDaysLate":153,"samples":[{"year":2012,"filingDate":"10/15/2012","daysLate":153,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/09CD7440-20AA-4F7E-B79E-D36FE233E55E/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2012,"filingDate":"10/15/2012","daysLate":153,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/3F883728-B312-4A2B-9ACF-C4B112C1A41B/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"09/04/2014","daysLate":112,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6D287664-E373-4822-956C-465BC0B94330/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"08/16/2021","daysLate":93,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/cec7aa17-c5f8-4280-be60-610b0517373e/","title":"Annual Report"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/09CD7440-20AA-4F7E-B79E-D36FE233E55E/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/3F883728-B312-4A2B-9ACF-C4B112C1A41B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6D287664-E373-4822-956C-465BC0B94330/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_D000563","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Durbin named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($6.6M total receipts) — top: DURBIN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Richard Durbin appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $6.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: DURBIN VICTORY FUND (C00636100, $5.0M receipts, treasurer ZAMORE, JUDITH). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":6.65,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00636100","name":"DURBIN VICTORY FUND","receipts":5013442.529999999,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636100/"},{"committeeId":"C00551630","name":"DURBIN SENATE VICTORY","receipts":1631974.39,"treasurer":"ADRIANE RUMMEL","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551630/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636100/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00636100/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_D000563","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Durbin ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.9M across 22 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Richard Durbin's FEC-bulk record shows $20.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $94.0M (PAC: $20.9M, individual: $60.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.88,"lifetimeReceiptsM":94.01,"lifetimeIndividualM":60.89,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6IL00151"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6IL00151/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_D000563","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Durbin ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $94M across 22 cycles","explanation":"Richard Durbin's FEC-bulk record shows $94.0M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":94.01,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6IL00151"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6IL00151/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_D000563","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Durbin's PAC funding concentrates 89% in Energy ($0.51M / $0.57M classified)","explanation":"Richard Durbin's PAC donors concentrate 89% in the Energy industry — $0.51M of $0.57M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Energy $0.51M · Technology $0.03M · Legal $0.02M · Labor $0.01M · Finance $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Energy","topAmountM":0.51,"totalPacAmountM":0.57,"concentrationPct":88.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Energy":0.51,"Technology":0.03,"Legal":0.02,"Labor":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6IL00151/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P151_D000563","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Durbin operates leadership PAC with $7.9M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","explanation":"Richard Durbin operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $7.9M and disbursements of $8.0M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (C00347195). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":7.89,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.96,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00347195","cmteName":"PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00347195/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_D000563","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Durbin's leadership PAC disbursed $8.0M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Richard Durbin's leadership PAC disbursed $8.0M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (C00347195).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.96,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00347195","cmteName":"PRAIRIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00347195/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_D000563","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Durbin ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 2,135 sponsored, 10,417 cosponsored","explanation":"Richard Durbin's congress.gov record shows 2,135 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":2135,"cosponsoredCount":10417,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-j.-durbin/D000563","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_D000563","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Durbin ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 10,417 cosponsored, 2,135 sponsored","explanation":"Richard Durbin's congress.gov record shows 10,417 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":10417,"sponsoredCount":2135,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-j.-durbin/D000563","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P172_IL_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IL delegation: Richard Durbin & Tammy Duckworth both flagged on 11 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from IL — Richard Durbin and Tammy Duckworth — are flagged on the same 11 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P15, P29, P36, P58.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"IL","juniorSenatorBid":"D000622","juniorSenatorName":"Tammy Duckworth","sharedDetectorCount":11,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P15","P29","P36","P58","P61","P82","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000563","https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000622"]},{"id":"P181_D000563","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Durbin — 115 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Richard Durbin sponsored 115 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":115}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_D000563","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Durbin — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($47.0M)","explanation":"Richard Durbin is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $47.0M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":47007015,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6IL00151/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"A000369":[{"id":"P6_A000369_udkeql","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$754,718 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from POLICE OFFICERS DEFENSE ALLIANCE LLC","explanation":"POLICE OFFICERS DEFENSE ALLIANCE LLC spent $754,718 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 294 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00667865","name":"POLICE OFFICERS DEFENSE ALLIANCE LLC","support":754717.8200000004,"oppose":0,"events":294}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00667865/"]},{"id":"P6_A000369_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$255,025 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $255,025 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":255025,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P15_A000369_jmdjiq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,000 donation spike on 2022-10-05 — 16.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-10-05 this committee recorded $98,000 across 49 contributions — 16.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,053.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496760","date":"2022-10-05","amount":98000,"count":49,"baseline":6053,"ratio":16.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496760/"]},{"id":"P15_A000369_oxkpvs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,500 donation spike on 2017-08-24 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-08-24 this committee recorded $85,500 across 36 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,664.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496760","date":"2017-08-24","amount":85500,"count":36,"baseline":6664,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496760/"]},{"id":"P15_A000369_9pxsbt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,520 donation spike on 2024-04-25 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-25 this committee recorded $58,520 across 40 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,862.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496760","date":"2024-04-25","amount":58520,"count":40,"baseline":4862,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496760/"]},{"id":"P15_A000369_oety5q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,870 donation spike on 2025-11-14 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-14 this committee recorded $56,870 across 32 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,500.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496760","date":"2025-11-14","amount":56870,"count":32,"baseline":6500,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496760/"]},{"id":"P19_A000369_96u5hc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Amodei campaign paid $1,109,865 to 32 surname-matched vendors, top: CASEY NEILON INC","explanation":"Mark Amodei's campaign paid 161 disbursements totaling $1,109,865 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASEY NEILON INC","total":351323.7,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"CASEY NEILON INC","amount":10000,"date":"2020-11-23","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"neilon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CASEY NEILON INC","amount":8000,"date":"2018-11-08","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"neilon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"CASEY NEILON INC","amount":8000,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES - ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"neilon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARLOW COMMUNICATIONS","total":241525,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"BARLOW COMMUNICATIONS","amount":127000,"date":"2012-10-17","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BARLOW COMMUNICATIONS","amount":23100,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BARLOW COMMUNICATIONS","amount":21700,"date":"2012-10-15","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARLOW GROUP ADVERTISING","total":149718.40000000002,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BARLOW GROUP ADVERTISING","amount":74859.2,"date":"2022-05-01","description":"AD PLACEMENTS","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BARLOW GROUP ADVERTISING","amount":58872,"date":"2022-05-02","description":"TELEVISION & RADIO BUYS","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BARLOW GROUP ADVERTISING","amount":15987.2,"date":"2022-05-02","description":"TELEVISION & RADIO BUYS","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASEY NEILON & ASSOCIATES, LLC","total":96538.06999999999,"count":23,"samples":[{"payee":"CASEY NEILON & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":9368.3,"date":"2012-12-17","description":"ACCOUNTING FEES","surnameMatched":"neilon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CASEY NEILON & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":8600,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES - ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"neilon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CASEY NEILON & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":5600,"date":"2015-07-07","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES - ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"neilon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICHARDSON, MICHELLE BARLOW MRS.","total":56300,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"RICHARDSON, MICHELLE BARLOW MRS.","amount":28000,"date":"2018-12-10","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RICHARDSON, MICHELLE BARLOW MRS.","amount":4300,"date":"2023-12-14","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RICHARDSON, MICHELLE BARLOW MRS.","amount":3000,"date":"2024-09-22","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE BARLOW GROUP ADV, LLC","total":23975,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"THE BARLOW GROUP ADV, LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2022-11-02","description":"","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THE BARLOW GROUP ADV, LLC","amount":3975,"date":"2022-11-02","description":"","surnameMatched":"barlow","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CASEY%20NEILON%20INC"]},{"id":"P61_A000369","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $126,600","explanation":"Mark Amodei received campaign contributions totaling $126,600 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: WYNN RESORTS, LIMITED ($15,000); SIERRA NEVADA CORPORATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); WHITE & CASE LLP ON BEHALF OF DANA HOLDINGS LIMITE ($6,600); WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":126600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"WYNN RESORTS LIMITED PAC","ldaClient":"WYNN RESORTS, LIMITED","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SIERRA NEVADA CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"SIERRA NEVADA CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WHITE, DANA F III","ldaClient":"WHITE & CASE LLP ON BEHALF OF DANA HOLDINGS LIMITED","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_A000369","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $98,000 on 2022-10-05 (16.2× normal)","explanation":"Mark Amodei's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $98,000 on 2022-10-05 — 16.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":242020,"maxRatio":16.2,"maxAmount":98000},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-10-05","amount":98000,"ratio":16.2,"baselineDaily":6053,"count":49,"cmteId":"C00496760","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00496760&min_date=2022-10-05&max_date=2022-10-05"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-08-24","amount":85500,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":6664,"count":36,"cmteId":"C00496760","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00496760&min_date=2017-08-24&max_date=2017-08-24"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-04-25","amount":58520,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":4862,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00496760","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00496760&min_date=2024-04-25&max_date=2024-04-25"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496760/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00496760&min_date=2022-10-05&max_date=2022-10-05"]},{"id":"P90_A000369","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Amodei's campaign paid $411,053 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: AMODEI FOR NEVADA ($411,053)","explanation":"Mark Amodei's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 82 payments totaling $411,053 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: AMODEI FOR NEVADA ($411,053 across 82 payments, services: DISTRIBUTION OF JFC PROCEEDS · 201 · CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":411053.28,"paymentCount":82,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"AMODEI FOR NEVADA","total":411053.28,"count":82,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF JFC PROCEEDS","201","CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE"]}],"surname":"amodei"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NV02395&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_A000369","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Amodei draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $16.5M total)","explanation":"Mark Amodei's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $16.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.08,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.53,"pacSharePct":42.8,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2NV02395"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NV02395/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001198":[{"id":"P6_S001198_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$289,181 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets","explanation":"VoteVets spent $289,181 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":289180.85,"oppose":883295.86,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P6_S001198_uv93qw","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$893,894 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ALASKA'S ENERGY / AMERICA'S VALUES","explanation":"ALASKA'S ENERGY / AMERICA'S VALUES spent $893,894 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00552414","name":"ALASKA'S ENERGY / AMERICA'S VALUES","support":893894.11,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552414/"]},{"id":"P6_S001198_uunyu2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$628,685 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","explanation":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc. spent $628,685 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00564765","name":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","support":628685.27,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00564765/"]},{"id":"P6_S001198_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$517,012 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $517,012 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":517011.82000000007,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P6_S001198_va3lzo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$471,274 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Cooperative of American Physicians IE Co","explanation":"Cooperative of American Physicians IE Committee spent $471,274 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00492116","name":"Cooperative of American Physicians IE Committee","support":471274,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492116/"]},{"id":"P6_S001198_vak61s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$326,436 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Crossroads","explanation":"American Crossroads spent $326,436 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487363","name":"American Crossroads","support":326436.05000000005,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487363/"]},{"id":"P7_S001198_aikkp7","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $31,247,597 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $31,247,597 opposing this member across 438 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":31247596.839999985,"totalSupport":4131438.13,"events":438,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Put Alaska First","oppose":10384768.249999998},{"name":"North Star","oppose":6835852.38},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":4460190.46},{"name":"314 Action Fund","oppose":2467709.4699999997},{"name":"The Lincoln Project","oppose":1509201.48}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001198_idiomw","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,367 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $53,367 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":7499.52,"oppose":60866.23999999999,"net":-53366.71999999999,"events":26,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":53625.03999999999,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":7402.5599999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":7241.2,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":96.96,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001198_zeyxtp","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,677,468 / spent $4,304,995","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00571000","cmteName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":12500,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":12500},{"cmteId":"C00571000","cmteName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":510905,"totalDisbursements":457734.9,"cashOnHand":65670.09},{"cmteId":"C00571000","cmteName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":640229.3,"totalDisbursements":689386.7,"cashOnHand":16512.68},{"cmteId":"C00571000","cmteName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":682185,"totalDisbursements":649343.5,"cashOnHand":49354.19},{"cmteId":"C00571000","cmteName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":1001071.4,"totalDisbursements":845797.8,"cashOnHand":204627.8}],"totalRaised":4677468.100000001,"totalSpent":4304995.300000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001198_24nlza","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $16,058,699 in itemized individual contributions, $10,579,405 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":16058699,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-95888,"$200.01-$499":745834,"$500-$999":1650005,"$1000-$1999":3179343,"$2000 and over":10579405},"megaShare":65.9,"smallDonorShare":-0.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001198_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5080 employees of RETIRED gave $1,588,404 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5080× RETIRED = $1,588,404. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":5080,"total":1588404,"years":["2015","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001198_6usipo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$178,350 donation spike on 2013-11-01 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-11-01 this committee recorded $178,350 across 86 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $27,023.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551093","date":"2013-11-01","amount":178350,"count":86,"baseline":27023,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551093/"]},{"id":"P15_S001198_tn63bo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,000 donation spike on 2021-11-15 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-15 this committee recorded $61,000 across 13 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,416.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00571000","date":"2021-11-15","amount":61000,"count":13,"baseline":6416,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571000/"]},{"id":"P15_S001198_4zypye","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$142,850 donation spike on 2019-02-28 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-02-28 this committee recorded $142,850 across 122 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,486.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00570994","date":"2019-02-28","amount":142850,"count":122,"baseline":10486,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570994/"]},{"id":"P15_S001198_4zw60a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,451 donation spike on 2019-06-28 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-28 this committee recorded $95,451 across 69 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,233.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00570994","date":"2019-06-28","amount":95451,"count":69,"baseline":13233,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570994/"]},{"id":"P15_S001198_4zu912","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,250 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $86,250 across 50 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,240.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00570994","date":"2019-09-30","amount":86250,"count":50,"baseline":9240,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570994/"]},{"id":"P15_S001198_xsduyz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,713 donation spike on 2020-06-16 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-16 this committee recorded $85,713 across 57 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,391.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00570994","date":"2020-06-16","amount":85713,"count":57,"baseline":9391,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570994/"]},{"id":"P15_S001198_xsbb1p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,400 donation spike on 2020-02-25 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-25 this committee recorded $78,400 across 80 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,036.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00570994","date":"2020-02-25","amount":78400,"count":80,"baseline":7036,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570994/"]},{"id":"P15_S001198_yvwqs4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,579 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $69,579 across 61 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,090.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00570994","date":"2025-03-31","amount":69579,"count":61,"baseline":6090,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570994/"]},{"id":"P15_S001198_4zexd9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,400 donation spike on 2019-12-20 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-20 this committee recorded $69,400 across 30 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,490.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00570994","date":"2019-12-20","amount":69400,"count":30,"baseline":10490,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570994/"]},{"id":"P17_S001198_CVS_2023-01-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-09 and 2023-01-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2023-01-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001198","name":"Dan Sullivan"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2023-01-09 to 2023-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001198_CVS_2023-01-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-10 and 2023-01-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2023-01-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001198","name":"Dan Sullivan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2023-01-10 to 2023-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001198_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Sullivan executed 6 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2023-01-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Transfer of Electronic Prescriptions for Schedules II-V Controlled Substances Between Pharmacies for Initial Filling","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration","date":"2023-07-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Transfer of Electronic Prescriptions for Schedules II-V Controlled Substances Between Pharmacies for Initial Filling","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration","date":"2023-07-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001198_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Sullivan executed 3 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PXD","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PXD","date":"2023-01-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-07-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-07-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001198_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Sullivan executed 10 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTRS","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Recapture of Certain Excess Employment Tax Credits Under COVID-19 Legislation","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2023-07-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Recapture of Certain Excess Employment Tax Credits Under COVID-19 Legislation","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2023-07-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001198_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Sullivan executed 22 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"FCC Empowers Short-Range Radars in the 60 GHz Band","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2023-07-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"FCC Empowers Short-Range Radars in the 60 GHz Band","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2023-07-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001198_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Sullivan executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2023-08-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way","agency":"Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board","date":"2023-08-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001198_r3uuxo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Sullivan campaign paid $22,822,311 to 64 surname-matched vendors, top: SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's campaign paid 209 disbursements totaling $22,822,311 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","total":3963518.06,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":2447783.22,"date":"2025-12-23","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":657439.78,"date":"2025-06-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":608295.06,"date":"2025-09-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","total":1484730.24,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":182000,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":169012.44,"date":"2021-12-15","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":154500,"date":"2022-09-14","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","total":1091907.5,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":202498.53,"date":"2019-05-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING & TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":140460,"date":"2020-03-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":109898.27,"date":"2019-07-18","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMPBELL, JIM SOUPY","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMPBELL, JIM SOUPY","amount":1000000,"date":"2022-08-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"campbell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMPBELL CAMPAIGNS","total":944118.37,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMPBELL CAMPAIGNS","amount":100000,"date":"2010-10-27","description":"RADIO MEDIA","surnameMatched":"campbell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CAMPBELL CAMPAIGNS","amount":83000,"date":"2010-10-15","description":"TV MEDIA","surnameMatched":"campbell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CAMPBELL CAMPAIGNS","amount":74000,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"ADVERTISING: MEDIA PLACEMENT TV","surnameMatched":"campbell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SULLIVAN%20%26%20CROMWELL%20LLP"]},{"id":"P25_S001198_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of PAC dollars ($478,735) come from Party industry","explanation":"Dan Sullivan receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":478735.07999999996,"share":62.3,"totalPAC":768214.02,"pacCount":34},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":478735.07999999996,"share":62.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":105000,"share":13.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":59478.939999999995,"share":7.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":40000,"share":5.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001198_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AK R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SULLIVAN, Daniel Scott voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2025-12-10","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2025-12-04","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2025-12-03","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Susan Courtwright Rodriguez, of North Carolina, to be United States District Jud"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_S001198_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"VoteVets both supported ($289,181) and opposed ($883,296) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Dan Sullivan advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":289180.85,"oppose":883295.86,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P36_S001198","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 distinct pattern types firing across 31 total findings","explanation":"Dan Sullivan has findings in 13 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":13,"totalFindings":31,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_S001198_MSFT_20230822","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2023-Q3 while MICROSOFT had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dan Sullivan executed a sell in MSFT during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT, MICROSOFT CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_S001198_TJX_20230822","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TJX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $TJX 1 day after a corporate insider (Herrman Ernie  (CIK 0001388774)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"Herrman Ernie  (CIK 0001388774)","filingDate":"2023-08-21","adsh":"0001209191-23-046734","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001198_AMZN_20221122","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan buy $AMZN 5 days after a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2022-11-17","adsh":"0000899243-22-036208","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_TJX_20230822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TJX 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $TJX 2 days before a corporate insider (Canestrari Kenneth  (CIK 0001620874)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"Canestrari Kenneth  (CIK 0001620874)","filingDate":"2023-08-24","adsh":"0001209191-23-047217"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_ELAN_20221130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ELAN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $ELAN 2 days before a corporate insider (GARCIA ART A  (CIK 0001183585)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELAN","filer":"GARCIA ART A  (CIK 0001183585)","filingDate":"2022-12-02","adsh":"0001415889-22-011979"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_JNJ_20230822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JNJ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $JNJ 3 days before a corporate insider (Hait William  (CIK 0001904791)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Hait William  (CIK 0001904791)","filingDate":"2023-08-25","adsh":"0001225208-23-008460"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_MLM_20221130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MLM 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $MLM 5 days before a corporate insider (LaTorre Craig M  (CIK 0001776295)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MLM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MLM","filer":"LaTorre Craig M  (CIK 0001776295)","filingDate":"2022-12-05","adsh":"0001127602-22-026846"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_TMO_20230822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TMO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $TMO 7 days before a corporate insider (Lagarde Michel  (CIK 0001518973)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"Lagarde Michel  (CIK 0001518973)","filingDate":"2023-08-29","adsh":"0001127602-23-023353"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_ZTS_20230110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ZTS 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan buy $ZTS 8 days before a corporate insider (Ferran Astorga Jeannette  (CIK 0001900614)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"Ferran Astorga Jeannette  (CIK 0001900614)","filingDate":"2023-01-18","adsh":"0001555280-23-000015"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_TJX_20221130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TJX 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan buy $TJX 8 days before a corporate insider (Herrman Ernie  (CIK 0001388774)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TJX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TJX","filer":"Herrman Ernie  (CIK 0001388774)","filingDate":"2022-12-08","adsh":"0001209191-22-060370"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_CHD_20230221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHD 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan buy $CHD 8 days before a corporate insider (Price Penry W  (CIK 0001534034)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHD","filer":"Price Penry W  (CIK 0001534034)","filingDate":"2023-03-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-007751"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_BKNG_20230110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BKNG 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $BKNG 9 days before a corporate insider (GOULDEN DAVID I  (CIK 0001189179)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"GOULDEN DAVID I  (CIK 0001189179)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0001415889-23-001204"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_MDT_20221130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $MDT 9 days before a corporate insider (Wall Brett A.  (CIK 0001473812)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"Wall Brett A.  (CIK 0001473812)","filingDate":"2022-12-09","adsh":"0001127602-22-027197"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_DIS_20221122","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DIS 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan buy $DIS 9 days before a corporate insider (IGER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001207394)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"IGER ROBERT A  (CIK 0001207394)","filingDate":"2022-12-01","adsh":"0001744489-22-000216"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_JPM_20230110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JPM 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $JPM 9 days before a corporate insider (NEAL MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001233167)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"NEAL MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001233167)","filingDate":"2023-01-19","adsh":"0001225208-23-000773"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_BKNG_20230822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BKNG 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $BKNG 10 days before a corporate insider (Pisano Paulo  (CIK 0001875741)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BKNG","filer":"Pisano Paulo  (CIK 0001875741)","filingDate":"2023-09-01","adsh":"0001415889-23-012863"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_MSFT_20230822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $MSFT 10 days before a corporate insider (Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Jolla Alice L.  (CIK 0001819285)","filingDate":"2023-09-01","adsh":"0001062993-23-017419"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001198_HON_20230822","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Sullivan sell $HON 10 days before a corporate insider (Hon Hsiao-Wuen  (CIK 0001715983)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Hon Hsiao-Wuen  (CIK 0001715983)","filingDate":"2023-09-01","adsh":"0001280263-23-000054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_MALOX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $MALOX — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $MALOX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $MALOX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MALOX","assetName":"MALOX - BlackRock Global Allocation Instl (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MALOX","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-18"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_RPM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 trades in $RPM — also a disclosed holding ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $RPM on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,000,001 - $5,000,000. The same senator has executed 14 reported trades in $RPM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"RPM","assetName":"RPM - RPM International Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"RPM","tradeCount":14,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-24"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_VPMAX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $VPMAX — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $VPMAX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VPMAX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VPMAX","assetName":"VPMAX - Vanguard PRIMECAP Adm (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VPMAX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_WCMIX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $WCMIX — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $WCMIX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $WCMIX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WCMIX","assetName":"WCMIX - WCM Focused International Growth Fund Institutiona","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WCMIX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-27"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_IWF","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $IWF — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $IWF on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $IWF per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IWF","assetName":"IWF - iShares Russell 1000 Growth (NYSEArca)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IWF","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-10-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_IWD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IWD — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $IWD on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IWD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IWD","assetName":"IWD - iShares Russell 1000 Value (NYSEArca)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IWD","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_GFAFX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $GFAFX — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $GFAFX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GFAFX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GFAFX","assetName":"GFAFX - American Funds Growth Fund of Amer F1 (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GFAFX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_GTCSX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $GTCSX — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $GTCSX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GTCSX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GTCSX","assetName":"GTCSX - Glenmede Small Capitalization Equity Portfolio A","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GTCSX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $CVS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Health Corporation Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_JPM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $JPM — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $JPM on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $JPM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JPM","assetName":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Co. Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JPM","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_PXD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $PXD — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $PXD on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $PXD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PXD","assetName":"PXD - Pioneer Natural Resources Company Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PXD","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation - Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_BKNG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $BKNG — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $BKNG on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $BKNG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BKNG","assetName":"BKNG - Booking Holdings Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BKNG","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_BMY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $BMY — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $BMY on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $BMY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BMY","assetName":"BMY - Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BMY","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_SCHW","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $SCHW — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $SCHW on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $SCHW per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SCHW","assetName":"SCHW - Charles Schwab Corporation (The) Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SCHW","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_JNJ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $JNJ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $JNJ on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $JNJ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JNJ","assetName":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JNJ","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_ZTS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $ZTS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $ZTS on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $ZTS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ZTS","assetName":"ZTS - Zoetis Inc. Class A Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ZTS","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_ACN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ACN — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $ACN on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ACN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ACN","assetName":"ACN - Accenture plc Class A Ordinary Shares (Ireland)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ACN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_ALGN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $ALGN — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $ALGN on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $ALGN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ALGN","assetName":"ALGN - Align Technology, Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ALGN","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_AME","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $AME — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $AME on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AME per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AME","assetName":"AME - AMETEK, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AME","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_AMZN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $AMZN — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $AMZN on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $AMZN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMZN","assetName":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMZN","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-10"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_CHD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $CHD — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $CHD on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $CHD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CHD","assetName":"CHD - Church & Dwight Company, Inc. Common Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CHD","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-21"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_GOOG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 trades in $GOOG — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $GOOG on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 4 reported trades in $GOOG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GOOG","assetName":"GOOG - Alphabet Inc. - Class C Capital Stock","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GOOG","tradeCount":4,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-22"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-10"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-30"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_SPY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $SPY — also a disclosed holding ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed an asset position in $SPY on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $100,001 - $250,000. The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $SPY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SPY","assetName":"SPY - SPDR S&P 500 ETF (NYSEArca)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/98aef556-178b-432a-a3e4-77304aff03ba/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SPY","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-08-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-05-28"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/98aef556-178b-432a-a3e4-77304aff03ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_S001198_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 3 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ, TMO)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS, JNJ, TMO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ","TMO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001198_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (CVX)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_S001198","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $69,666.68","explanation":"Dan Sullivan received campaign contributions totaling $69,666.68 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000); PACIFIC CAPITAL BANK N A ($9,666.68); DALLAS SAFARI CLUB ($5,000); MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":69666.68,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PACIFIC NATIONAL BANK","ldaClient":"PACIFIC CAPITAL BANK N A","donorTotal":9666.68,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SAFARI CLUB INTERNATIONAL PAC","ldaClient":"DALLAS SAFARI CLUB","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE","ldaClient":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001198","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $142,850 on 2019-02-28 (13.6× normal)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $142,850 on 2019-02-28 — 13.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":290829,"maxRatio":13.6,"maxAmount":142850},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-02-28","amount":142850,"ratio":13.6,"baselineDaily":10486,"count":122,"cmteId":"C00570994","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00570994&min_date=2019-02-28&max_date=2019-02-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-02-25","amount":78400,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":7036,"count":80,"cmteId":"C00570994","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00570994&min_date=2020-02-25&max_date=2020-02-25"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-31","amount":69579,"ratio":11.4,"baselineDaily":6090,"count":61,"cmteId":"C00570994","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00570994&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570994/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00570994&min_date=2019-02-28&max_date=2019-02-28"]},{"id":"P63_S001198","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 98 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 98 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): MALOX, NARAX, RPM, MANLX, AFTFX, FXAIX, MASKX, FSGGX, VBTLX, HNACX, HNVRX, VPMAX, WCMIX, FTXXX, SIDRX, … (83 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":98,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["MALOX","NARAX","RPM","MANLX","AFTFX","FXAIX","MASKX","FSGGX","VBTLX","HNACX","HNVRX","VPMAX","WCMIX","FTXXX","SIDRX","DODGX","CCALX","GQGIX","VOO","IWF","IWD","EFA","GFAFX","ABCIX","VEA"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_S001198_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ, TMO) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Healthcare stocks — CVS, JNJ, TMO — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ","TMO"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/91aa5d79-41f1-41f8-b029-51c6e2a3dbda/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/91aa5d79-41f1-41f8-b029-51c6e2a3dbda/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001198_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Energy stock (CVX) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Energy stocks — CVX — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/91aa5d79-41f1-41f8-b029-51c6e2a3dbda/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/91aa5d79-41f1-41f8-b029-51c6e2a3dbda/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001198_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 6 Finance stocks (JPM, SCHW, AXP, BLK, MA, WFC) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 6 Finance stocks — JPM, SCHW, AXP, BLK, MA, WFC — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["JPM","SCHW","AXP","BLK","MA","WFC"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/91aa5d79-41f1-41f8-b029-51c6e2a3dbda/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/91aa5d79-41f1-41f8-b029-51c6e2a3dbda/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_S001198_2023-08-22","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"33 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-08-22 — 33 unique tickers","explanation":"Dan Sullivan executed 33 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-08-22 to 2023-08-22), spanning 33 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-08-22","windowEnd":"2023-08-22","tradeCount":33,"uniqueTickers":33,"totalDisclosedTrades":102,"sampleTickers":["JNJ","BKNG","PXD","JPM","BLK","COST","ZTS","TSCO","LRCX","CVX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_S001198","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Chairman) at International Republican Institute Washington, DC","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Chairman) at International Republican Institute Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization); Other (Staff Officer) at Marine Forces Pacific Command Camp Smith, HI (Other (United States Marine Co).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2018 to present","role":"Other (Chairman)","entity":"International Republican Institute Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Oct 2020 to Feb 2024","role":"Other (Staff Officer)","entity":"Marine Forces Pacific Command Camp Smith, HI","entityType":"Other (United States Marine Corps Reserves)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_S001198","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 reportable gift disclosed totaling $900 — top: Silver Salmon ($900.00)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's Senate annual financial disclosures report 1 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $900 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: Silver Salmon ($900.00) from Kenai River Sportfish Association Soldot.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":1,"totalValue":900,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"},{"source":"gift","date":"09/28/2021","recipient":"Self","description":"Silver Salmon","value":"$900.00","giftSource":"Kenai River Sportfish Association Soldotna, AK","year":2022}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_S001198_2023","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Acquired 36 new ticker holdings in 2023 not present in prior PFD filings — including GQGIX, VEA, VOO, VGT, MSFT, LRCX","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 36 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: GQGIX, VEA, VOO, VGT, MSFT, LRCX, TMO, TJX, ZTS, GOOG, LUV, GTCMX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2023,"count":36,"newTickers":["GQGIX","VEA","VOO","VGT","MSFT","LRCX","TMO","TJX","ZTS","GOOG","LUV","GTCMX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/91aa5d79-41f1-41f8-b029-51c6e2a3dbda/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/91aa5d79-41f1-41f8-b029-51c6e2a3dbda/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_S001198","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: China","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — China. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: China → EMXC - Emrg Mkts Ex China Ishares MSCI ETF ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":1,"countries":["China"],"byCountry":{"China":[{"assetName":"EMXC - Emrg Mkts Ex China Ishares MSCI ETF","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001198","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 28 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 108 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dan Sullivan appears in 28 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 108 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 28 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (45); insider front ran trade (15); daily donation spike (9); ie support concentration (6); reg rule trade proximity (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":28,"totalFindings":108,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":45},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":15},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001198","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 31 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including CVS, JPM, PXD, MSFT, BKNG, BMY","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 31 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: CVS, JPM, PXD, MSFT, BKNG, BMY, SCHW, JNJ, ZTS, AAPL, ACN, ALGN.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":31,"divestedTickers":["CVS","JPM","PXD","MSFT","BKNG","BMY","SCHW","JNJ","ZTS","AAPL","ACN","ALGN"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_S001198_2018","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Sullivan filed 4 amendments to the 2018 Senate annual disclosure — 6 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Dan Sullivan's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2018 report alone, with 6 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2018,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":6,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0fd14ae6-45cb-4d30-90ce-4af12e33db09/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2671dc0f-f41c-454a-a63e-86ed0e7333ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1403846a-70f8-401c-828f-e38375134aca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1117c4ac-0c22-47e6-aea7-503e2df42af3/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0fd14ae6-45cb-4d30-90ce-4af12e33db09/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2671dc0f-f41c-454a-a63e-86ed0e7333ad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan discloses 4 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Rental Property Description: 301 Crystal Mtn. Rd (Girdwood,  · Birch Lake Townsite Description: Block 1, Lot 14 Birch Lake  · Birch Lake Townsite Description: Block 1, Lot 13 Birch lake  · VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":4,"properties":[{"name":"Rental Property Description: 301 Crystal Mtn. Rd (Girdwood, AK)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Birch Lake Townsite Description: Block 1, Lot 14 Birch Lake Townsite (Birch Lake, Alaska)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Birch Lake Townsite Description: Block 1, Lot 13 Birch lake Townsite (Birch Lake, Alaska)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 PFD: 66 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (89% of 74 reported assets)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 66 reported holdings owned by Spouse (20), Joint (35), or Dependent (11) — 89% of 74 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: MALOX - BlackRock Global Allocation Instl (NASDAQ) · Joint: NARAX - Virtus Multi-Sector S/T Bd A (NASDAQ) · Joint: RPM - RPM International Inc. (NYSE) · Joint: MANLX - BlackRock National Municipal Instl (NASDAQ).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":20,"Joint":35,"Dependent":11,"Self":7},"totalAssets":74,"familyShare":0.892,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"MALOX - BlackRock Global Allocation Instl (NASDAQ)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"NARAX - Virtus Multi-Sector S/T Bd A (NASDAQ)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"RPM - RPM International Inc. (NYSE)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"MANLX - BlackRock National Municipal Instl (NASDAQ)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"AFTFX - American Funds TaxExempt Bond F1 (NASDAQ)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — RPM","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: RPM ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"RPM","asset":"RPM - RPM International Inc. (NYSE)","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_S001198","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Sullivan's campaign paid $1,836,086 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES ($658,245)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 34 payments totaling $1,836,086 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES ($658,245 across 13 payments, services: LEGAL CONSULTING · LEGAL CONSULTING FEES). Cycles covered: 2012, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1836086.3399999996,"paymentCount":34,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","total":658245.26,"count":13,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING","LEGAL CONSULTING FEES"]},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","total":484234.84,"count":9,"descriptions":["COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","total":468606.24,"count":6,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC INCOME","DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","DISTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"SULLIVAN, TERRY","total":80000,"count":2,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING","GENERAL 2004 CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT EX"]},{"payee":"THE SULLIVAN GROUP LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"sullivan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4AK00214&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 PFD: 11 holdings owned by Dependent Child (7 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 11 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 7 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Uniform Transfer to Minors Act College Fund · HNACX - Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund Retiremen · HNVRX - Harbor Small Cap Value Fund Retirement Cla · VPMAX - Vanguard PRIMECAP Adm (NASDAQ) · WCMIX - WCM Focused International Growth Fund Inst.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":11,"highValueCount":7,"holdings":[{"asset":"Uniform Transfer to Minors Act College Fund","type":"UGMA/UTMA","value":"--"},{"asset":"HNACX - Harbor Capital Appreciation Fund Retirement Class","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"HNVRX - Harbor Small Cap Value Fund Retirement Class","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"VPMAX - Vanguard PRIMECAP Adm (NASDAQ)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"WCMIX - WCM Focused International Growth Fund Institutiona","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"FTXXX - GS Investor Tax-Exempt Money Market Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Stable Value Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"SIDRX - Hartford Schroders International Multi-Cap Value F","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"DODGX - Dodge & Cox Stock Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P96_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Sullivan owes 3 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Bank","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$50,001 - $100,000) at 4.25% (30 years) from Wells Fargo Bank · Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.375% (30 years) from Wells Fargo Anchorage, · Revolving Charge ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 11.4% (NA) from USAA San Antonio,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":3,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.25% (30 years)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Bank Anchorage, AK","incurred":"2011"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.375% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Anchorage, AK","incurred":"2013"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"11.4% (NA)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"USAA San Antonio, TX","incurred":"2024"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P102_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Other (Chairman) · International Republican Institute Washington,","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Other (Chairman) · International Republican Institute Washington,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Other (Chairman)","entity":"International Republican Institute Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Aug 2018 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P104_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Sullivan\" — top: Thomas C. and Sandra S.","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Sullivan\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Thomas C. and Sandra S. (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Sullivan","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"position","entry":"Thomas C. and Sandra S. Sullivan Foundation Cleveland, OH","position":"Other (Advisory Member)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_S001198","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.2M total receipts) — top: SULLIVAN VICTORY 2020","explanation":"Dan Sullivan appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: SULLIVAN VICTORY 2020 (C00609255, $3.2M receipts, treasurer JULIA MILLER). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.21,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00609255","name":"SULLIVAN VICTORY 2020","receipts":3211350.09,"treasurer":"JULIA MILLER","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609255/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609255/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00609255/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_S001198","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan's PFD net worth grew 2.2× in 11 years — 2014 $3.31M → 2025 $7.41M (CAGR 7.6%)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $3.31M in 2014 to $7.41M in 2025 — a 2.2× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 7.6%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":3.31,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":7.41,"growthFactor":2.24,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":7.59,"filingCount":19,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/67e45431-ff57-4eb1-b795-a522e772f17d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/67e45431-ff57-4eb1-b795-a522e772f17d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S001198","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Sullivan executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL GOOG (8d apart)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL GOOG 2022-11-22 → 2022-11-30 (8d) · BUY→SELL META 2022-11-22 → 2022-11-30 (8d) · BUY→SELL ADBE 2022-11-22 → 2022-11-30 (8d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"GOOG","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-11-22","date2":"2022-11-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"META","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-11-22","date2":"2022-11-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ADBE","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-11-22","date2":"2022-11-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001198","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Sullivan triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 42 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Dan Sullivan accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 42 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":42}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S001198","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Sullivan triggers 43 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Dan Sullivan accumulates findings across 43 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 43 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":43,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P14","P15","P17","P18","P19","P25","P29","P35","P36","P37","P42","P43","P53","P54","P61","P62","P63","P64","P65","P70","P72","P74","P77","P78","P79"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 PFD shows 5 broad-market index funds (13% of 40 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 of 40 ticker holdings (13%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: VBTLX, VOO, EFA, VEA, IJR.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":5,"totalTickers":40,"ratio":0.13,"broadTickers":["VBTLX","VOO","EFA","VEA","IJR"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 PFD initiated 3 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: EAGL ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: EAGL ($100,001 - $250,000) · PVAL ($100,001 - $250,000) · VWIUX ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"EAGL","asset":"EAGL - Eagle Capital Select Equity ETF","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PVAL","asset":"PVAL - Putnam Focused Large Cap Value ETF","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VWIUX","asset":"VWIUX - Vanguard Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fd Admiral","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Revolving Charge from USAA San Antonio, TX at 11.4% (NA)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Revolving Charge from USAA San Antonio, TX at 11.4% (NA) ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2024","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"11.4% (NA)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"USAA San Antonio, TX"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d312120e-0f6d-4d85-89f6-7aa083037537/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_AK_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AK delegation: Dan Sullivan & Lisa Murkowski both flagged on 16 shared detector types (2 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from AK — Dan Sullivan and Lisa Murkowski — are flagged on the same 16 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 2 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P11, P19, P36, P61.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"AK","juniorSenatorBid":"M001153","juniorSenatorName":"Lisa Murkowski","sharedDetectorCount":16,"sharedHighCount":2,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P19","P36","P61","P74","P79","P82","P84","P87","P90","P96","P160"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001198","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001153"]},{"id":"P178_S001198_2023-08-22","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Sullivan — 33 trades on 2023-08-22","explanation":"Dan Sullivan disclosed 33 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-08-22). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-08-22","count":33}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_S001198","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Sullivan — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (102/102)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":102,"atBracket":102,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001198","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan — 59 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Dan Sullivan has traded 59 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":59,"sample":["RPM","JNJ","BKNG","PXD","JPM","BLK","COST","ZTS","TSCO","LRCX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_S001198_RPM","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan — 14 disclosed trades in single ticker RPM","explanation":"Dan Sullivan traded RPM on 14 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the RPM trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"RPM","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_S001198_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Sullivan — 49 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Dan Sullivan's 2025 Senate PFD shows 49 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":49,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fc795f79-3e7d-4043-94b3-3ae8eff54463/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P53_S001198_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+20 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Dan Sullivan accumulated 45 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 20 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 20 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":20,"totalRaw":45,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":20}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001198"]}],"R000579":[{"id":"P6_R000579_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,987,660 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $1,987,660 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":1987660,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_R000579_d0n083","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,292,165 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OHIO ORGANIZING CAMPAIGN","explanation":"OHIO ORGANIZING CAMPAIGN spent $1,292,165 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90014507","name":"OHIO ORGANIZING CAMPAIGN","support":1292165.22,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90014507/"]},{"id":"P6_R000579_ty9i87","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$544,519 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Save America Fund","explanation":"Save America Fund spent $544,519 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00732172","name":"Save America Fund","support":544519.45,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00732172/"]},{"id":"P6_R000579_tituhs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$523,540 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Republican Accountability PAC","explanation":"Republican Accountability PAC spent $523,540 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 33 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804856","name":"Republican Accountability PAC","support":523539.67000000004,"oppose":0,"events":33}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804856/"]},{"id":"P6_R000579_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$510,361 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets","explanation":"VoteVets spent $510,361 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":510360.64,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P6_R000579_d0l0f0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$419,954 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Working America","explanation":"Working America spent $419,954 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 34 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011156","name":"Working America","support":419953.70999999996,"oppose":15000,"events":34}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011156/"]},{"id":"P6_R000579_xap3ax","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$276,276 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Federation of State County & Mu","explanation":"American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees PEOPLE spent $276,276 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00011114","name":"American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees PEOPLE","support":276276,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00011114/"]},{"id":"P6_R000579_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$261,126 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $261,126 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":261126.38999999998,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P7_R000579_tzh1zy","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $36,891,294 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $36,891,294 opposing this member across 548 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":36891293.51999999,"totalSupport":7682278.870000001,"events":548,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":32465096.42999999},{"name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN INC.","oppose":2331849.61},{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1217673.1700000002},{"name":"Working America","oppose":15000},{"name":"OUR AMERICAN CENTURY","oppose":366316.62}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_R000579_rxkv49","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$195,345 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $195,345 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":195345,"events":2,"byYear":{"2010":195345},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":195345,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_R000579_18l5i1","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$40,061 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $40,061 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":48381.950000000004,"oppose":8320.679999999998,"net":40061.270000000004,"events":257,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":31672.03,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":8254.029999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":333.29,"oppose":7860.8,"types":["TP","DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":2746.79,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1252.49,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000579_u5hrnq","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $21,532,515 / spent $21,448,052","explanation":"This member sponsors 11 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00377689","cmteName":"PROSPERITY ACTION, INC.","year":"2010","totalReceipts":1080508.4,"totalDisbursements":1002532.1,"cashOnHand":99927.06},{"cmteId":"C00377689","cmteName":"PROSPERITY ACTION, INC.","year":"2012","totalReceipts":4864664.4,"totalDisbursements":4049239.7,"cashOnHand":915351.69},{"cmteId":"C00377689","cmteName":"PROSPERITY ACTION, INC.","year":"2014","totalReceipts":3788202.6,"totalDisbursements":4371582.5,"cashOnHand":331971.84},{"cmteId":"C00377689","cmteName":"PROSPERITY ACTION, INC.","year":"2016","totalReceipts":4177275.1,"totalDisbursements":3177097.8,"cashOnHand":1332149.13},{"cmteId":"C00377689","cmteName":"PROSPERITY ACTION, INC.","year":"2018","totalReceipts":5451054,"totalDisbursements":4558238.3,"cashOnHand":2224964.74}],"totalRaised":21532514.599999994,"totalSpent":21448051.700000003}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_R000579_cb67wo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $18,945,912 in itemized individual contributions, $12,977,908 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":18945911.97,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-400875.9199999999,"$200.01-$499":1383195.94,"$500-$999":1843627,"$1000-$1999":3142056.95,"$2000 and over":12977908},"megaShare":68.5,"smallDonorShare":-2.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_R000579_lsae9v","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of itemized donations from outside NY","explanation":"Only $66,336 of $834,316 itemized individual contributions came from NY. The rest — $767,980 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"NY","homeStateTotal":66336,"outOfStateTotal":767980,"outOfStateShare":92,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"OH444","amount":122899},{"stateZip3":"OH445","amount":62309},{"stateZip3":"OH442","amount":39021},{"stateZip3":"OH443","amount":35308},{"stateZip3":"OH441","amount":33229}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_R000579_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5685 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,875,460 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5685× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,875,460. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":5685,"total":2875460,"years":["2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000579_g3acjb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$191,599 donation spike on 2011-12-20 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-20 this committee recorded $191,599 across 68 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,460.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00377689","date":"2011-12-20","amount":191599,"count":68,"baseline":16460,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00377689/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_g3sv6e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,833 donation spike on 2011-04-13 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-04-13 this committee recorded $103,833 across 22 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,376.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00377689","date":"2011-04-13","amount":103833,"count":22,"baseline":9376,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00377689/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_g3ack2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,300 donation spike on 2011-12-14 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-14 this committee recorded $81,300 across 24 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,467.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00377689","date":"2011-12-14","amount":81300,"count":24,"baseline":10467,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00377689/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_g3ti4x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,200 donation spike on 2011-03-28 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-28 this committee recorded $60,200 across 23 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,825.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00377689","date":"2011-03-28","amount":60200,"count":23,"baseline":5825,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00377689/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_rxv85t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,500 donation spike on 2014-10-23 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-10-23 this committee recorded $54,500 across 12 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,107.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00377689","date":"2014-10-23","amount":54500,"count":12,"baseline":8107,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00377689/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_rcutqx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$273,454 donation spike on 2018-07-25 — 20.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-25 this committee recorded $273,454 across 128 contributions — 20.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,575.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00647115","date":"2018-07-25","amount":273454,"count":128,"baseline":13575,"ratio":20.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00647115/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_rqrwfh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,899 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $139,899 across 93 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,848.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815290","date":"2025-03-31","amount":139899,"count":93,"baseline":22848,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815290/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_rq8qtn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,140 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $100,140 across 72 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,352.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815290","date":"2025-12-31","amount":100140,"count":72,"baseline":10352,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815290/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_rqpzgx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,961 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $96,961 across 86 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,510.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815290","date":"2025-06-30","amount":96961,"count":86,"baseline":10510,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815290/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_dxli25","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,800 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $92,800 across 78 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,905.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815290","date":"2023-06-30","amount":92800,"count":78,"baseline":12905,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815290/"]},{"id":"P15_R000579_slzs9g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,927 donation spike on 2024-06-25 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-25 this committee recorded $80,927 across 48 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,560.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815290","date":"2024-06-25","amount":80927,"count":48,"baseline":9560,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815290/"]},{"id":"P19_R000579_k45o7n","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick Ryan campaign paid $12,039,337 to 74 surname-matched vendors, top: MORGAN, RYAN","explanation":"Patrick Ryan's campaign paid 273 disbursements totaling $12,039,337 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORGAN, RYAN","total":1031471,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MORGAN, RYAN","amount":1031471,"date":"2020-08-02","description":"LIST ACQUISITION","surnameMatched":"ryan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KATE BROWN COMMITTEE","total":900000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"KATE BROWN COMMITTEE","amount":500000,"date":"2018-08-10","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KATE BROWN COMMITTEE","amount":250000,"date":"2018-10-18","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KATE BROWN COMMITTEE","amount":150000,"date":"2018-10-30","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO LLP","total":835500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO LLP","amount":390000,"date":"2004-07-07","description":"PRODUCTION: VIDEO","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO LLP","amount":171500,"date":"2004-08-03","description":"PRODUCTION: VIDEO","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DMP BOSTON '04 C/O BROWN, KRAFT & CO LLP","amount":139000,"date":"2004-08-03","description":"PRODUCTION: CONTROL ROOM/SATELLITE","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROWN, MELISSA","total":820000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BROWN, MELISSA","amount":350000,"date":"2013-05-31","description":"LOAN TRANSFERRED TO FRIENDS OF MELISSA BROWN (C00388397)","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BROWN, MELISSA","amount":270000,"date":"2013-05-31","description":"LOAN TRANSFERRED TO FRIENDS OF MELISSA BROWN (C00388397)","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BROWN, MELISSA","amount":200000,"date":"2013-05-31","description":"LOAN TRANSFERRED TO FRIENDS OF MELISSA BROWN (C00388397)","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROWN, SHAUN DENISE MS","total":674157.5,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROWN, SHAUN DENISE MS","amount":674157.5,"date":"2017-09-30","description":"IN-KIND -PRIVATE COMPANY STOCK","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROWN, CECILY","total":600000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BROWN, CECILY","amount":350000,"date":"2020-10-01","description":"ARTWORK","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BROWN, CECILY","amount":250000,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"ARTWORK","surnameMatched":"brown","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MORGAN"]},{"id":"P35_R000579_d0l0f0","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Working America both supported ($419,954) and opposed ($15,000) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Patrick Ryan advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C90011156","name":"Working America","support":419953.70999999996,"oppose":15000,"events":34}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011156/"]},{"id":"P36_R000579","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 28 total findings","explanation":"Patrick Ryan has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":28,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_R000579","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $273,454 on 2018-07-25 (20.1× normal)","explanation":"Patrick Ryan's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $273,454 on 2018-07-25 — 20.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":273454,"maxRatio":20.1,"maxAmount":273454},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-07-25","amount":273454,"ratio":20.1,"baselineDaily":13575,"count":128,"cmteId":"C00647115","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00647115&min_date=2018-07-25&max_date=2018-07-25"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00647115/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00647115&min_date=2018-07-25&max_date=2018-07-25"]},{"id":"P78_R000579","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Patrick Ryan appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (11); ie support concentration (8); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":11},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":8},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000579","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_R000579","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick Ryan's campaign paid $2,621,120 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: MORGAN, RYAN ($1,031,471)","explanation":"Patrick Ryan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 12 payments totaling $2,621,120 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MORGAN, RYAN ($1,031,471 across 1 payments, services: LIST ACQUISITION). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2621120.21,"paymentCount":12,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MORGAN, RYAN","total":1031471,"count":1,"descriptions":["LIST ACQUISITION"]},{"payee":"LECLAIR RYAN","total":274049.03,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONSULTING-LEGAL"]},{"payee":"SHEA, RYAN","total":250000,"count":1,"descriptions":["250,000 USDC RECEIVED, LIQUIDATED"]},{"payee":"PETTA RYAN & COMPANY","total":200000,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"PETTA RYAN & CO.","total":174516,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]}],"surname":"ryan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8NY19223&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_R000579","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Ryan named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($7.0M total receipts) — top: TIM RYAN VICTORY FUND 2022","explanation":"Patrick Ryan appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $7.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TIM RYAN VICTORY FUND 2022 (C00782011, $5.4M receipts, treasurer PETTERSON, JAY). Active years: 1, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":6.99,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00782011","name":"TIM RYAN VICTORY FUND 2022","receipts":5411145.54,"treasurer":"PETTERSON, JAY","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00782011/"},{"committeeId":"C00821546","name":"PAT RYAN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1578644.0899999999,"treasurer":"BROWN, WYATT","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00821546/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00782011/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00782011/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P149_R000579","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Ryan triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Patrick Ryan accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_R000579","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick Ryan operates leadership PACs with $21.5M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: PROSPERITY ACTION, INC.","explanation":"Patrick Ryan operates 2 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $21.5M and disbursements of $21.4M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: PROSPERITY ACTION, INC. (C00377689). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":21.53,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":21.45,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00377689","cmteName":"PROSPERITY ACTION, INC."},{"cmteId":"C00832576","cmteName":"PATRIOT PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00377689/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_R000579","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Ryan operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($21.5M combined receipts)","explanation":"Patrick Ryan operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $21.5M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: PROSPERITY ACTION, INC. (C00377689) · PATRIOT PAC (C00832576).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.53,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00377689","cmteName":"PROSPERITY ACTION, INC."},{"cmteId":"C00832576","cmteName":"PATRIOT PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00377689/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00832576/"]},{"id":"P153_R000579","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick Ryan's leadership PACs disbursed $21.4M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Patrick Ryan's leadership PACs disbursed $21.4M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: PROSPERITY ACTION, INC. (C00377689).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":21.45,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00377689","cmteName":"PROSPERITY ACTION, INC."}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00377689/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]}],"C001096":[{"id":"P6_C001096_vaise1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$311,253 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ESAFund","explanation":"ESAFund spent $311,253 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489856","name":"ESAFund","support":311253.38,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489856/"]},{"id":"P7_C001096_1wqd52","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,668,337 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,668,337 opposing this member across 179 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5668337.21,"totalSupport":830223.9600000001,"events":179,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":2854912.81},{"name":"Majority Forward","oppose":1451257.0799999998},{"name":"Priorities USA Action","oppose":851946.6599999999},{"name":"DSCC","oppose":249050.18},{"name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","oppose":124996}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001096_8rrpaf","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $181,544 / spent $166,147","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00691915","cmteName":"PRAYERIE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":9500,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":9500},{"cmteId":"C00691915","cmteName":"PRAYERIE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":26000,"totalDisbursements":25804,"cashOnHand":9696},{"cmteId":"C00691915","cmteName":"PRAYERIE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":46650,"totalDisbursements":23162.6,"cashOnHand":33183.4},{"cmteId":"C00691915","cmteName":"PRAYERIE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":70894.4,"totalDisbursements":89425.9,"cashOnHand":14651.91},{"cmteId":"C00691915","cmteName":"PRAYERIE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":28500,"totalDisbursements":27754.3,"cashOnHand":15397.61}],"totalRaised":181544.4,"totalSpent":166146.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001096_78adlz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $8,118,205 in itemized individual contributions, $5,672,347 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":8118205,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-344727,"$200.01-$499":441425,"$500-$999":836706,"$1000-$1999":1512454,"$2000 and over":5672347},"megaShare":69.9,"smallDonorShare":-4.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001096_o256r8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$181,230 donation spike on 2018-06-12 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-12 this committee recorded $181,230 across 106 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,038.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00504704","date":"2018-06-12","amount":181230,"count":106,"baseline":20038,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504704/"]},{"id":"P15_C001096_2ek092","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,220 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 13.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $76,220 across 38 contributions — 13.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,661.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00504704","date":"2023-03-31","amount":76220,"count":38,"baseline":5661,"ratio":13.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504704/"]},{"id":"P15_C001096_o239sp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,525 donation spike on 2018-09-10 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-10 this committee recorded $73,525 across 38 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,085.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00504704","date":"2018-09-10","amount":73525,"count":38,"baseline":10085,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504704/"]},{"id":"P15_C001096_o24jq0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,910 donation spike on 2018-07-31 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-31 this committee recorded $71,910 across 70 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,188.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00504704","date":"2018-07-31","amount":71910,"count":70,"baseline":7188,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504704/"]},{"id":"P15_C001096_wb0jp1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,350 donation spike on 2017-10-26 — 14.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-10-26 this committee recorded $66,350 across 40 contributions — 14.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,544.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00504704","date":"2017-10-26","amount":66350,"count":40,"baseline":4544,"ratio":14.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504704/"]},{"id":"P19_C001096_1viost","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Cramer campaign paid $413,941 to 45 surname-matched vendors, top: MARSTON, MICHELLE","explanation":"Kevin Cramer's campaign paid 126 disbursements totaling $413,941 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","total":53726.020000000004,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":15000,"date":"2009-04-06","description":"CONSULTING--CAMPAIGN MANAGEMEN","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":11976.02,"date":"2008-11-17","description":"REIMBURSEMENT (SEE BELOW)","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":10000,"date":"2008-11-12","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES","total":52938.509999999995,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES","amount":21880.75,"date":"2025-01-31","description":"LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cramer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES","amount":14820.31,"date":"2023-01-24","description":"LEGAL PROC-LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cramer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES","amount":8952.5,"date":"2025-05-12","description":"LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cramer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES LLP","total":40767.25,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES LLP","amount":22000,"date":"2022-11-16","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cramer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES LLP","amount":10000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cramer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES LLP","amount":8767.25,"date":"2022-04-01","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cramer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOMMARITO, KATHERINE","total":33035.89,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"BOMMARITO, KATHERINE","amount":4500,"date":"2010-03-25","description":"MANAGEMENT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bommarito","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BOMMARITO, KATHERINE","amount":3482.37,"date":"2010-03-25","description":"EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"bommarito","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BOMMARITO, KATHERINE","amount":2308.77,"date":"2012-08-15","description":"REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"bommarito","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAMER MULTHAUG & HAMMES LLP","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAMER MULTHAUG & HAMMES LLP","amount":20000,"date":"2023-04-19","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cramer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOMMARITO CHEVROLET MAZDA","total":20000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BOMMARITO CHEVROLET MAZDA","amount":10000,"date":"2023-05-09","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"bommarito","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BOMMARITO CHEVROLET MAZDA","amount":10000,"date":"2022-12-23","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"bommarito","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARSTON"]},{"id":"P36_C001096","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Kevin Cramer has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_C001096","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $274,270","explanation":"Kevin Cramer received campaign contributions totaling $274,270 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($267,670); CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":274270,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AIPAC - AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS CMTE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":267670,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SCHWAB, CHARLES R.","ldaClient":"CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001096","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $76,220 on 2023-03-31 (13.5× normal)","explanation":"Kevin Cramer's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $76,220 on 2023-03-31 — 13.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":214480,"maxRatio":14.6,"maxAmount":76220},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-03-31","amount":76220,"ratio":13.5,"baselineDaily":5661,"count":38,"cmteId":"C00504704","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00504704&min_date=2023-03-31&max_date=2023-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-07-31","amount":71910,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":7188,"count":70,"cmteId":"C00504704","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00504704&min_date=2018-07-31&max_date=2018-07-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-10-26","amount":66350,"ratio":14.6,"baselineDaily":4544,"count":40,"cmteId":"C00504704","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00504704&min_date=2017-10-26&max_date=2017-10-26"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00504704/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00504704&min_date=2023-03-31&max_date=2023-03-31"]},{"id":"P70_C001096","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at University of Mary Bismarck, ND","explanation":"Kevin Cramer's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at University of Mary Bismarck, ND (Educational Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2026","positions":[{"dates":"Apr 2006 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"University of Mary Bismarck, ND","entityType":"Educational Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c7a06cfe-bf3f-4692-928a-f7507f42a539/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c7a06cfe-bf3f-4692-928a-f7507f42a539/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001096","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 14 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kevin Cramer appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 14 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":14,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001096","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_C001096","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Cramer's campaign paid $64,937 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES ($52,939)","explanation":"Kevin Cramer's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $64,937 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES ($52,939 across 4 payments, services: LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING · LEGAL PROC-LEGAL CONSULTING · LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEY FEES). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":64936.74999999999,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CRAMER MULTHAUF & HAMMES","total":52938.509999999995,"count":4,"descriptions":["LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING","LEGAL PROC-LEGAL CONSULTING","LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEY FEES"]},{"payee":"CRAMER, STEVE","total":11998.24,"count":1,"descriptions":["ROBO CALLS - GOTV/VOTE DEMOCRAT"]}],"surname":"cramer"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S8ND00120&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_C001096_2026","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Cramer's 2026 PFD: 4 holdings owned by Dependent Child (2 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Kevin Cramer's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 4 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 2 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: THE GROWTH FUND OF AMERICA-529A (1005) Institution · THE GROWTH FUND OF AMERICA-529A (1005) · WASHINGTON MUTUAL INVESTORS FUND-529A (1001) Insti · WASHINGTON MUTUAL INVESTORS FUND-529A (1001).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2026","dependentHoldingCount":4,"highValueCount":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"THE GROWTH FUND OF AMERICA-529A (1005) Institution: American Funds","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"THE GROWTH FUND OF AMERICA-529A (1005)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"WASHINGTON MUTUAL INVESTORS FUND-529A (1001) Institution: American Funds","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"WASHINGTON MUTUAL INVESTORS FUND-529A (1001)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c7a06cfe-bf3f-4692-928a-f7507f42a539/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c7a06cfe-bf3f-4692-928a-f7507f42a539/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_C001096","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kevin Cramer filed 3 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 159 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Kevin Cramer has filed 3 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 159 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2019 (159d late, filed 10/21/2019) · 2020 (88d late, filed 08/11/2020) · 2021 (59d late, filed 07/13/2021).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":3,"maxDaysLate":159,"samples":[{"year":2019,"filingDate":"10/21/2019","daysLate":159,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f38f3a66-0d35-48ee-9acf-5e822debab26/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/11/2020","daysLate":88,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f5f6e6eb-acc8-4370-8081-1f3b2ccf435e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"07/13/2021","daysLate":59,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/54d9ef7b-8ce3-4301-af5d-f67922f1dfea/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f38f3a66-0d35-48ee-9acf-5e822debab26/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f5f6e6eb-acc8-4370-8081-1f3b2ccf435e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/54d9ef7b-8ce3-4301-af5d-f67922f1dfea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_C001096","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Cramer named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.7M total receipts) — top: CRAMER VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Kevin Cramer appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CRAMER VICTORY FUND (C00662353, $1.7M receipts, treasurer MARSTON, CHRIS). Active years: 4, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.73,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00662353","name":"CRAMER VICTORY FUND","receipts":1725250,"treasurer":"MARSTON, CHRIS","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662353/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662353/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00662353/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_C001096","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Cramer's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Agriculture ($0.66M / $0.66M classified)","explanation":"Kevin Cramer's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Agriculture industry — $0.66M of $0.66M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.66M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.66,"totalPacAmountM":0.66,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.66}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8ND00120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P161_C001096_2026","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Cramer's 2026 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Kevin Cramer's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: TCYIX - Nuveen Lifecycle 2025 Fund R6 Filer comment: This was due to a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"TCYIX - Nuveen Lifecycle 2025 Fund R6 Filer comment: This was due to a transfer by NDPERS from TIAA ","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c7a06cfe-bf3f-4692-928a-f7507f42a539/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c7a06cfe-bf3f-4692-928a-f7507f42a539/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_C001096_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Cramer's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 15 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Kevin Cramer's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 15 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":15,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c7a06cfe-bf3f-4692-928a-f7507f42a539/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c7a06cfe-bf3f-4692-928a-f7507f42a539/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_ND_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"LOW","headline":"ND delegation: Kevin Cramer & John Hoeven both flagged on 8 shared detector types (1 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from ND — Kevin Cramer and John Hoeven — are flagged on the same 8 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 1 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P10, P11, P19, P36, P61, P70, P90, P93.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"ND","otherSenatorBid":"H001061","otherSenatorName":"John Hoeven","sharedDetectorCount":8,"sharedHighCount":1,"sharedDetectors":["P10","P11","P19","P36","P61","P70","P90","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001096","https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001061"]}],"J000304":[{"id":"P6_J000304_t0pcyl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,436,237 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from THINK BIG","explanation":"THINK BIG spent $1,436,237 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00923417","name":"THINK BIG","support":1436236.58,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00923417/"]},{"id":"P6_J000304_txmed9","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$603,634 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from MILES OF GREATNESS FUND, INC.","explanation":"MILES OF GREATNESS FUND, INC. spent $603,634 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00747725","name":"MILES OF GREATNESS FUND, INC.","support":603634,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00747725/"]},{"id":"P6_J000304_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$301,080 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $301,080 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":301080.15,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P7_J000304_50q1d2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,293,234 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,293,234 opposing this member across 133 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1293233.79,"totalSupport":2487541.4000000004,"events":133,"topAttackers":[{"name":"JOBS AND DEMOCRACY PAC","oppose":1003908.33},{"name":"AG TOGETHER PAC","oppose":139200.62},{"name":"League of Conservation Voters, Inc.","oppose":71600.96},{"name":"AMARILLO MATTERS PAC","oppose":31809.850000000002},{"name":"CAMPAIGN FOR PRIMARY ACCOUNTABILITY INC","oppose":22809.010000000002}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_J000304_kxvxf0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $589,780 / spent $540,818","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00457044","cmteName":"A MORE PERFECT UNION","year":"2010","totalReceipts":2800,"totalDisbursements":242.9,"cashOnHand":2557.13},{"cmteId":"C00457044","cmteName":"A MORE PERFECT UNION","year":"2012","totalReceipts":50,"totalDisbursements":1610,"cashOnHand":997.13},{"cmteId":"C00457044","cmteName":"A MORE PERFECT UNION","year":"2014","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":997.1,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00753384","cmteName":"TEXAS RED","year":"2020","totalReceipts":105690.8,"totalDisbursements":81679.9,"cashOnHand":24010.84},{"cmteId":"C00753384","cmteName":"TEXAS RED","year":"2022","totalReceipts":249748.5,"totalDisbursements":267448.7,"cashOnHand":6310.61}],"totalRaised":589780,"totalSpent":540818.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_J000304_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"116261 employees of RETIRED gave $3,495,781 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 116261× RETIRED = $3,495,781. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":116261,"total":3495781,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000304_m0nj72","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ronny Jackson campaign paid $18,661,648 to 78 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Ronny Jackson's campaign paid 310 disbursements totaling $18,661,648 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","total":2780445.6000000006,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":1771360.21,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":286699.87,"date":"2006-01-26","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":197511.77,"date":"2005-05-19","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","total":1513553.55,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":398344.77,"date":"2004-08-19","description":"CONVENTION CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":333683.66,"date":"2020-08-14","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":212500,"date":"2016-04-12","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","total":1274004.2,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":266585.71,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":187368.24,"date":"2023-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":145123.55,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"TRANSFER NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","total":1133500.5,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":110600,"date":"2017-05-25","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":109000,"date":"2020-08-22","description":"DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":104937.31,"date":"2016-08-12","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P25_J000304_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"78% of PAC dollars ($687,161) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Ronny Jackson receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":687160.97,"share":78,"totalPAC":881260.6599999999,"pacCount":31},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":687160.97,"share":78},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":69600,"share":7.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":46404.7,"share":5.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":20000,"share":2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_J000304","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Ronny Jackson has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_J000304_National_Pork_Producers_Counci_118529","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Pork Producers Council testified before House Agriculture — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Ronny Jackson sits on House Agriculture, which on 2025-07-23 held a hearing titled \"\"An Examination of the Implications of Proposition 12\"\". The witness Mr. Patrick Hord (National Pork Producers Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"118529","title":"\"An Examination of the Implications of Proposition 12\"","date":"2025-07-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Patrick Hord","witnessOrg":"National Pork Producers Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118529"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118529","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_J000304_Council_of_Producers_and_Distr_118519","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA) testified before House Agriculture — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Ronny Jackson sits on House Agriculture, which on 2025-07-22 held a hearing titled \"\"Past Breakthroughs and Future Innovations in Crop Production\"\". The witness Mr. Terry Abbott (Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"118519","title":"\"Past Breakthroughs and Future Innovations in Crop Production\"","date":"2025-07-22T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Terry Abbott","witnessOrg":"Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118519"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118519","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_J000304_National_Cattlemen_s_Beef_Asso_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Ronny Jackson sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. Todd Wilkinson (National Cattlemen's Beef Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Todd Wilkinson","witnessOrg":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCBA-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCBA-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_J000304_National_Pork_Producers_Counci_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Pork Producers Council testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Ronny Jackson sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. Scott Hays (National Pork Producers Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Scott Hays","witnessOrg":"National Pork Producers Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_J000304_National_Cotton_Council_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Cotton Council testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Ronny Jackson sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Shawn Holladay (National Cotton Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Shawn Holladay","witnessOrg":"National Cotton Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TN","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL%20OF%20AMERICA%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20THE%20ADVANCEMENT%20OF%20COTTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL%20OF%20AMERICA%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20THE%20ADVANCEMENT%20OF%20COTTON"]},{"id":"P61_J000304","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $109,600","explanation":"Ronny Jackson received campaign contributions totaling $109,600 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); VALERO ENERGY ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":109600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_J000304","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ronny Jackson named in 4 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Ronny Jackson appears as a named subject in 4 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":4,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Ronny Jackson","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-ronny-jackson/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Ronny Jackson","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-ronny-jackson-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Ronny Jackson","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-ronny/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Ronny Jackson","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/ok/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-ronny-jackson/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-ronny-jackson-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-ronny/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/ok/"]},{"id":"P90_J000304","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ronny Jackson's campaign paid $2,249,693 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ ($601,871)","explanation":"Ronny Jackson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 30 payments totaling $2,249,693 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ ($601,871 across 5 payments, services: LEGAL FEES · LEGAL EXPENSE · LEGAL SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2249693.0700000003,"paymentCount":30,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":601871.13,"count":5,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEES","LEGAL EXPENSE","LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"descriptions":["RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","total":494516.20999999996,"count":5,"descriptions":["SITE RENTAL"]},{"payee":"JACKSON RIVER","total":230900,"count":4,"descriptions":["WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT & DESIGN","INTERNET SERVICES"]},{"payee":"THE JACKSON MOORE GROUP","total":125000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONSTITUENCY ORGANIZING CONSULTING FEES"]}],"surname":"jackson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0TX13228&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P152_J000304","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ronny Jackson operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.6M combined receipts)","explanation":"Ronny Jackson operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.6M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: A MORE PERFECT UNION (C00457044) · TEXAS RED (C00753384).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.59,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00457044","cmteName":"A MORE PERFECT UNION"},{"cmteId":"C00753384","cmteName":"TEXAS RED"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00457044/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00753384/"]}],"C001095":[{"id":"P6_C001095_uunyu2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,238,040 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","explanation":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc. spent $1,238,040 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00564765","name":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","support":1238040.27,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00564765/"]},{"id":"P6_C001095_uvsw7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,123,738 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from John Bolton Super PAC","explanation":"John Bolton Super PAC spent $1,123,738 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 30 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00542464","name":"John Bolton Super PAC","support":1123737.71,"oppose":0,"events":30}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00542464/"]},{"id":"P6_C001095_v9zmu1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,047,880 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from GOVERNMENT INTEGRITY FUND ACTION NETWORK","explanation":"GOVERNMENT INTEGRITY FUND ACTION NETWORK; THE spent $1,047,880 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00498832","name":"GOVERNMENT INTEGRITY FUND ACTION NETWORK; THE","support":1047880,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498832/"]},{"id":"P6_C001095_d0mb3u","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$960,250 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR ISRAEL","explanation":"EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR ISRAEL spent $960,250 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013244","name":"EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR ISRAEL","support":960250,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013244/"]},{"id":"P6_C001095_va3lzo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$775,263 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Cooperative of American Physicians IE Co","explanation":"Cooperative of American Physicians IE Committee spent $775,263 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00492116","name":"Cooperative of American Physicians IE Committee","support":775262.5,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492116/"]},{"id":"P6_C001095_typd7n","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$590,800 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from America One","explanation":"America One spent $590,800 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00728667","name":"America One","support":590800,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00728667/"]},{"id":"P6_C001095_d0mbr0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$328,260 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Rifle Association Institute for","explanation":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action spent $328,260 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 34 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90013301","name":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action","support":328260.13,"oppose":0,"events":34}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90013301/"]},{"id":"P7_C001095_ho81ds","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $14,110,477 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $14,110,477 opposing this member across 445 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":14110477.39,"totalSupport":7343042.120000001,"events":445,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Majority PAC","oppose":5741188.039999998},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":4547385.66},{"name":"Patriot Majority USA","oppose":3011171.95},{"name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","oppose":309422.1},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":260088.78999999995}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001095_t6psor","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$37,018 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $37,018 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":37018.049999999996,"oppose":0,"net":37018.049999999996,"events":10,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":34529.84,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":1879.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":608.61,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001095_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"54060 employees of RETIRED gave $5,289,030 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 54060× RETIRED = $5,289,030. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":54060,"total":5289030,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001095_38o1i4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$322,401 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $322,401 across 365 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $48,394.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2014-09-30","amount":322401,"count":365,"baseline":48394,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P15_C001095_38qlh3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$303,906 donation spike on 2014-05-20 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-05-20 this committee recorded $303,906 across 258 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,513.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2014-05-20","amount":303906,"count":258,"baseline":30513,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P15_C001095_hx2bq5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$281,096 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 13.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $281,096 across 215 contributions — 13.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,325.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2013-09-30","amount":281096,"count":215,"baseline":21325,"ratio":13.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P15_C001095_38o1iv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$239,170 donation spike on 2014-09-24 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-24 this committee recorded $239,170 across 178 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $38,082.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2014-09-24","amount":239170,"count":178,"baseline":38082,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P15_C001095_38rvf9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$193,368 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $193,368 across 257 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,068.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2014-03-31","amount":193368,"count":257,"baseline":22068,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P15_C001095_hwn01g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$178,303 donation spike on 2013-12-31 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-31 this committee recorded $178,303 across 152 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,977.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2013-12-31","amount":178303,"count":152,"baseline":20977,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P15_C001095_38pygp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$174,225 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $174,225 across 168 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,447.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2014-06-30","amount":174225,"count":168,"baseline":18447,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P15_C001095_hwn029","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$163,050 donation spike on 2013-12-23 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-23 this committee recorded $163,050 across 126 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,405.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2013-12-23","amount":163050,"count":126,"baseline":13405,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P15_C001095_38o1ju","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$157,751 donation spike on 2014-09-10 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-10 this committee recorded $157,751 across 186 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,345.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499988","date":"2014-09-10","amount":157751,"count":186,"baseline":23345,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/"]},{"id":"P19_C001095_fcy6k6","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Cotton campaign paid $2,859,486 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: BARTON-COTTON","explanation":"Tom Cotton's campaign paid 34 disbursements totaling $2,859,486 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARTON-COTTON","total":2274910.34,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"BARTON-COTTON","amount":536220.24,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"PRINT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BARTON-COTTON","amount":323099.88,"date":"2008-03-11","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BARTON-COTTON","amount":206831.07,"date":"2007-04-26","description":"PRINT PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HIGH COTTON CONSULTING","total":198864.59,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"HIGH COTTON CONSULTING","amount":41516.07,"date":"2018-11-13","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING/TRAVEL/FOOD/BEVERAGES","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"HIGH COTTON CONSULTING","amount":31923.79,"date":"2019-11-19","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HIGH COTTON CONSULTING","amount":27366.14,"date":"2018-05-11","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COTTON, KENDRA","total":174471.28000000003,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COTTON, KENDRA","amount":54178.08,"date":"2022-11-02","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES & SUBSCRIPTION","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COTTON, KENDRA","amount":52500,"date":"2021-12-08","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COTTON, KENDRA","amount":35416,"date":"2020-11-27","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HIGH COTTON CONSULTING LLC","total":63219.34,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HIGH COTTON CONSULTING LLC","amount":31960.36,"date":"2020-05-10","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HIGH COTTON CONSULTING LLC","amount":31258.98,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING / DELIVERY SERVICE","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARTON COTTON LLC","total":34889.68,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BARTON COTTON LLC","amount":34889.68,"date":"2013-05-07","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARTON COTTON, LLC","total":31275.2,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BARTON COTTON, LLC","amount":31275.2,"date":"2015-05-16","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"cotton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BARTON-COTTON"]},{"id":"P35_C001095_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION both supported ($1,685) and opposed ($260,089) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Tom Cotton advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":1685.28,"oppose":260088.78999999995,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P36_C001095","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Tom Cotton has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_C001095","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $71,632.31","explanation":"Tom Cotton received campaign contributions totaling $71,632.31 from 3 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION ($60,032.31); JOHN K. CASTLE ($6,600); THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":3,"totalDollars":71632.31,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CHARLES SCHWAB & CO. INC.","ldaClient":"CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION","donorTotal":60032.31,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CASTLE, JOHN K. MR.","ldaClient":"JOHN K. CASTLE","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001095","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $303,906 on 2014-05-20 (10.0× normal)","explanation":"Tom Cotton's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $303,906 on 2014-05-20 — 10.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":748052,"maxRatio":13.2,"maxAmount":303906},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-05-20","amount":303906,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":30513,"count":258,"cmteId":"C00499988","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00499988&min_date=2014-05-20&max_date=2014-05-20"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-09-30","amount":281096,"ratio":13.2,"baselineDaily":21325,"count":215,"cmteId":"C00499988","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00499988&min_date=2013-09-30&max_date=2013-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-12-23","amount":163050,"ratio":12.2,"baselineDaily":13405,"count":126,"cmteId":"C00499988","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00499988&min_date=2013-12-23&max_date=2013-12-23"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499988/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00499988&min_date=2014-05-20&max_date=2014-05-20"]},{"id":"P69_C001095","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $3.1M in personal liabilities (472% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Tom Cotton's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $3,075,001 in personal liabilities against $651,508 in assets — a 472.0% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.1M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":3075001,"totalAssetMid":651508,"leverageRatio":472,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2022 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.86% (30 years) · $50,001 - $100,000 · Chain Bridge Bank McLean, VA · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.49% (30 Year) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Chain Bridge Bank McLean, VA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_C001095","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Director at International Repubican Institute Washington, DC","explanation":"Tom Cotton's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at International Repubican Institute Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Dec 2014 to present","role":"Director","entity":"International Repubican Institute Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_C001095","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$107,500 in outside earned income — top source: Haper Collins Publishing New York, NY ($$87,500.00)","explanation":"Tom Cotton's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $107,500 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Haper Collins Publishing New York, NY ($87,500.00, Royalties); TBC Books LLC Little Rock, Arkansas ($20,000.00, Member Draw (Royalties paid out by TBC Books LLC)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":107500,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"Haper Collins Publishing New York, NY","amount":"$87,500.00","amountNumeric":87500},{"owner":"Self","type":"Member Draw (Royalties paid out by TBC Books LLC)","source":"TBC Books LLC Little Rock, Arkansas","amount":"$20,000.00","amountNumeric":20000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001095","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 27 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tom Cotton appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 27 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (9); ie support concentration (7); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":27,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001095","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_C001095_2023","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 19 ticker holdings between 2022 and 2023 — including BHYIX, QDF, DFEOX, NOMIX, NSIDX, NOINX","explanation":"Tom Cotton's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 19 ticker holdings present in the 2022 filing but absent in 2023. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: BHYIX, QDF, DFEOX, NOMIX, NSIDX, NOINX, DFCEX, NHFIX, DBLFX, NGREX, NFRA, GUNR.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2022,2023],"count":19,"divestedTickers":["BHYIX","QDF","DFEOX","NOMIX","NSIDX","NOINX","DFCEX","NHFIX","DBLFX","NGREX","NFRA","GUNR"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efc133af-c000-41fe-8fcb-0950e31d55f0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efc133af-c000-41fe-8fcb-0950e31d55f0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_C001095_2022","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Cotton filed 2 amendments to the 2022 Senate annual disclosure — 9 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Tom Cotton's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2022 report alone, with 9 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2022,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":9,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 2)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2730b316-5e51-4e7a-82c2-296c832137ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7ac3e5cc-d19e-42ab-8cb7-13ca9643a597/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2730b316-5e51-4e7a-82c2-296c832137ec/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7ac3e5cc-d19e-42ab-8cb7-13ca9643a597/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_C001095_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Cotton discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 27% of 22 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Tom Cotton's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 22 total reported assets — 27% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Fidelity Roth IRA (--) · Northern Trust Roth IRA (--) · Northern Trust Rollover IRA (--) · Northern Trust Discretionary Account (--) · Child 1 UTMA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":22,"opaqueRatio":0.273,"samples":[{"asset":"Fidelity Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Northern Trust Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Northern Trust Rollover IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Northern Trust Discretionary Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Child 1 UTMA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_C001095_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Cotton's 2025 PFD: 19 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (83% of 23 reported assets)","explanation":"Tom Cotton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 19 reported holdings owned by Spouse (10), Joint (5), or Dependent (4) — 83% of 23 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Bank of America (Charlotte, NC) Type: Checking · Joint: Bank of America (Charlotte, NC) Type: Savings · Spouse: Northern Trust (Chicago, IL) Type: Checking · Spouse: Northern Trust Roth IRA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":10,"Joint":5,"Dependent":4,"Self":3},"totalAssets":23,"familyShare":0.826,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of America (Charlotte, NC) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of America (Charlotte, NC) Type: Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Northern Trust (Chicago, IL) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Northern Trust Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"IWV - iShares Russell 3000 ETF","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_C001095","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Cotton's campaign paid $2,675,612 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: BARTON-COTTON ($2,274,910)","explanation":"Tom Cotton's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 28 payments totaling $2,675,612 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BARTON-COTTON ($2,274,910 across 16 payments, services: PRINT MAIL PRODUCTION · POSTAGE · PRINT PRODUCTION). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2675612.35,"paymentCount":28,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BARTON-COTTON","total":2274910.34,"count":16,"descriptions":["PRINT MAIL PRODUCTION","POSTAGE","PRINT PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"HIGH COTTON CONSULTING","total":198864.59,"count":7,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING/TRAVEL/FOOD/BEVERAGES","FUNDRAISING SERVICES","FINANCE CONSULTING/TRAVEL"]},{"payee":"COTTON, KENDRA","total":174471.28000000003,"count":4,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES & SUBSCRIPTION","STRATEGIC CONSULTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"HIGH COTTON CONSUTING","total":27366.14,"count":1,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING/TRAVEL"]}],"surname":"cotton"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4AR00103&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_C001095_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Cotton's 2025 PFD: 4 holdings owned by Dependent Child (2 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Tom Cotton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 4 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 2 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Child 1 UTMA · Northern Trust (Chicago, IL) Type: Savings · Child 2 UTMA · Northern Trust (Chicago, IL) Type: Savings.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":4,"highValueCount":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"Child 1 UTMA","type":"UGMA/UTMA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Northern Trust (Chicago, IL) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Child 2 UTMA","type":"UGMA/UTMA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Northern Trust (Chicago, IL) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_C001095","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Cotton filed 12 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 194 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Tom Cotton has filed 12 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 194 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2024 (194d late, filed 11/25/2024) · 2021 (151d late, filed 10/13/2021) · 2021 (151d late, filed 10/13/2021) · 2022 (103d late, filed 08/26/2022).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":12,"maxDaysLate":194,"samples":[{"year":2024,"filingDate":"11/25/2024","daysLate":194,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/26716af2-4731-4c55-a505-a7643f21d93d/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"10/13/2021","daysLate":151,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcb53170-fef8-47cf-85ab-e1e7e67d1a9a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"10/13/2021","daysLate":151,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4f387410-36c6-40fd-a72c-60ef02729c6f/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"08/26/2022","daysLate":103,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2730b316-5e51-4e7a-82c2-296c832137ec/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/26716af2-4731-4c55-a505-a7643f21d93d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcb53170-fef8-47cf-85ab-e1e7e67d1a9a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4f387410-36c6-40fd-a72c-60ef02729c6f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P101_C001095_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Cotton's 2025 PFD reports 2 book/royalty income sources (~$107,500 disclosed) — top: TBC Books LLC Little","explanation":"Tom Cotton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 2 royalty or book-related income sources from publishers or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $107,500 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: TBC Books LLC Little (Member Draw (Royalties paid out by TBC Books LLC), $20,000.00) · Haper Collins Publishing New (Royalties, $87,500.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":2,"totalKnownAmount":107500,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Member Draw (Royalties paid out by TBC Books LLC)","payer":"TBC Books LLC Little Rock, Arkansas","amount":"$20,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Haper Collins Publishing New York, NY","amount":"$87,500.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_C001095_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Cotton holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · International Repubican Institute Washington,","explanation":"Tom Cotton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · International Repubican Institute Washington,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"International Repubican Institute Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Dec 2014 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P109_C001095","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Cotton named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($16.5M total receipts) — top: COTTON VICTORY","explanation":"Tom Cotton appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $16.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: COTTON VICTORY (C00571018, $10.2M receipts, treasurer BRADLEY CRATE). Active years: 7, first seen 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":16.52,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00571018","name":"COTTON VICTORY","receipts":10195304.18,"treasurer":"BRADLEY CRATE","activeYears":7,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571018/"},{"committeeId":"C00774703","name":"COTTON MAJORITY COMMITTEE","receipts":6322394.68,"treasurer":"KOCH, THEODORE V.","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00774703/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571018/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00571018/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_C001095","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Cotton ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $79M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Tom Cotton's FEC-bulk record shows $79.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":79.35,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4AR00103"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4AR00103/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_C001095","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Cotton triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tom Cotton accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":25}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P162_C001095_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Cotton's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 22 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Tom Cotton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 22 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":22,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P168_C001095_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Cotton's 2025 PFD: liabilities $3.08M = 472% of assets $0.65M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Tom Cotton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $3.08M against total assets of $0.65M — a leverage ratio of 472%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":651508,"totalLiabMid":3075001,"leverageRatio":4.72,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_C001095_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Cotton's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Haper Collins Publishing New (Royalties)","explanation":"Tom Cotton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Royalties from Haper Collins Publishing New ($87,500.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Haper Collins Publishing New York, NY","amount":"$87,500.00"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ecc063e-2ddb-467a-a938-c6f677662b95/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/368f4a5e-f826-4f3e-9346-1e128c4aa6f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ecc063e-2ddb-467a-a938-c6f677662b95/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_AR_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AR delegation: Tom Cotton & John Boozman both flagged on 13 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from AR — Tom Cotton and John Boozman — are flagged on the same 13 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P15, P19, P36, P61, P62, P70.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"AR","juniorSenatorBid":"B001236","juniorSenatorName":"John Boozman","sharedDetectorCount":13,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P15","P19","P36","P61","P62","P70","P71","P82","P87","P90","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001095","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001236"]}],"B001278":[{"id":"P6_B001278_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$658,584 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Democratic Congressional Campaign Commit","explanation":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spent $658,584 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","support":658583.63,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P9_B001278_z2sftz","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$232,060 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $232,060 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":232248.95999999996,"oppose":188.86,"net":232060.09999999998,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":181633.49,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":26657.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004981","name":"WORKING AMERICA","support":16835.14,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003546","name":"OREGON EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":5747.59,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1072,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001278_u1m2nx","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $150,790 / spent $145,384","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00543116","cmteName":"GOOD FRIENDS PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":8500,"totalDisbursements":5158.6,"cashOnHand":3341.36},{"cmteId":"C00543116","cmteName":"GOOD FRIENDS PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":12200,"totalDisbursements":8860,"cashOnHand":6601.4},{"cmteId":"C00543116","cmteName":"GOOD FRIENDS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":36200,"totalDisbursements":40162.5,"cashOnHand":2638.86},{"cmteId":"C00543116","cmteName":"GOOD FRIENDS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":42530,"totalDisbursements":32936.3,"cashOnHand":12232.52},{"cmteId":"C00543116","cmteName":"GOOD FRIENDS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":51360,"totalDisbursements":58266.2,"cashOnHand":5326.28}],"totalRaised":150790,"totalSpent":145383.59999999998}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001278_r90mux","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzanne Bonamici campaign paid $284,066 to 20 surname-matched vendors, top: NEELY, ROGER H","explanation":"Suzanne Bonamici's campaign paid 58 disbursements totaling $284,066 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEELY, ROGER H","total":66437,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NEELY, ROGER H","amount":55500,"date":"2004-10-28","description":"CANVASS CONSULTANT SLATE CARD","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NEELY, ROGER H","amount":5937,"date":"2004-10-29","description":"CANVASS CONSULTANT SLATE CARD","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NEELY, ROGER H","amount":5000,"date":"2004-10-17","description":"CANVASS CONSULTANT-SLATE CARD","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY","total":48000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY","amount":5000,"date":"2016-11-15","description":"","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY","amount":5000,"date":"2016-11-18","description":"","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY","amount":5000,"date":"2004-05-19","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEELY, DANA MS.","total":42661.50999999998,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"NEELY, DANA MS.","amount":2371.62,"date":"2012-06-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"NEELY, DANA MS.","amount":2371.62,"date":"2012-05-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"NEELY, DANA MS.","amount":2371.62,"date":"2012-04-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEELY COBLE COMPANY","total":40659.99,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NEELY COBLE COMPANY","amount":40659.99,"date":"2011-11-03","description":"CAMPAIGN VAN PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEELY, CARMEN","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NEELY, CARMEN","amount":20000,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"ARTWORK","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEELY, SUSAN","total":12300,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"NEELY, SUSAN","amount":3300,"date":"2024-09-06","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NEELY, SUSAN","amount":3300,"date":"2024-07-28","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NEELY, SUSAN","amount":2900,"date":"2021-11-22","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NEELY"]},{"id":"P58_B001278","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$232K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 78% from AFL-CIO ","explanation":"Suzanne Bonamici received $232,248.96 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO  ($181,633.49 = 78%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":232248.95999999996,"oppose":188.86,"byYear":{"2012":205477.07999999996,"2014":4282.0599999999995,"2024":22678.68},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":181633.49,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":26657.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004981","name":"WORKING AMERICA","support":16835.14,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004981/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003546","name":"OREGON EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":5747.59,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003546/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1072,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_B001278","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $101,200","explanation":"Suzanne Bonamici received campaign contributions totaling $101,200 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":101200,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_B001278","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzanne Bonamici draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.5M PAC / $18.0M total)","explanation":"Suzanne Bonamici's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.5M of $18.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.54,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.03,"pacSharePct":47.4,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2OR01133"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OR01133/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_B001278","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Suzanne Bonamici's PAC funding concentrates 55% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Suzanne Bonamici's PAC donors concentrate 55% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Labor $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M · Education $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":55.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Labor":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OR01133/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"O000174":[{"id":"P6_O000174_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,678,442 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Black PAC","explanation":"Black PAC spent $4,678,442 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 53 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"Black PAC","support":4678441.729999999,"oppose":0,"events":53}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P6_O000174_x910xk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,915,769 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DSCC","explanation":"DSCC spent $3,915,769 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00042366","name":"DSCC","support":3915769,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00042366/"]},{"id":"P6_O000174_tx4nuv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,191,610 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Take Back 2020","explanation":"Take Back 2020 spent $2,191,610 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 90 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754051","name":"Take Back 2020","support":2191610.450000001,"oppose":0,"events":90}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754051/"]},{"id":"P6_O000174_d0o6pg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,728,811 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Majority Forward","explanation":"Majority Forward spent $1,728,811 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90016098","name":"Majority Forward","support":1728811.0599999998,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016098/"]},{"id":"P6_O000174_d148cd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,375,428 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SLPC Action Fund","explanation":"SLPC Action Fund spent $1,375,428 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90020496","name":"SLPC Action Fund","support":1375428.2200000002,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90020496/"]},{"id":"P6_O000174_tx3a59","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,113,188 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Worker Power PAC","explanation":"Worker Power PAC spent $1,113,188 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1678 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00756569","name":"Worker Power PAC","support":1113188.190000006,"oppose":0,"events":1678}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756569/"]},{"id":"P6_O000174_tx1yn3","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,026,781 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from New South Super PAC","explanation":"New South Super PAC spent $1,026,781 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00758789","name":"New South Super PAC","support":1026781.25,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00758789/"]},{"id":"P7_O000174_7gla97","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $155,547,205 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $155,547,205 opposing this member across 4952 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":155547205.01999998,"totalSupport":30647843.949999977,"events":4952,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":92476694.93},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":17643640.620000005},{"name":"PEACHTREE PAC","oppose":17231692.900000002},{"name":"NRCC","oppose":6015578.13},{"name":"GEORGIA ACTION FUND","oppose":4609093.87}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_O000174_kr2f6m","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$15,892 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $15,892 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":20058.64,"oppose":4166.9,"net":15891.74,"events":15,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":13366.439999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":5696.45,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":4166.9,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":995.75,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_O000174_2t1jkm","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,209,289 / spent $2,077,683","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00769109","cmteName":"HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE","year":"2022","totalReceipts":710771.8,"totalDisbursements":665782.2,"cashOnHand":44989.58},{"cmteId":"C00769109","cmteName":"HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE","year":"2024","totalReceipts":993096.6,"totalDisbursements":791176.6,"cashOnHand":246909.54},{"cmteId":"C00769109","cmteName":"HEALTH JOBS JUSTICE","year":"2026","totalReceipts":505420.3,"totalDisbursements":620724.2,"cashOnHand":131605.66}],"totalRaised":2209288.6999999997,"totalSpent":2077682.9999999998}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_O000174_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"466776 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $46,012,810 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 466776× NOT EMPLOYED = $46,012,810; 76632× SELF EMPLOYED = $10,618,133; 53607× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,195,407. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":466776,"total":46012810,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":76632,"total":10618133,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":53607,"total":3195407,"years":["2013","2017"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_O000174_nkgzvr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,640,277 donation spike on 2020-11-07 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-07 this committee recorded $2,640,277 across 12692 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $412,823.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718866","date":"2020-11-07","amount":2640277,"count":12692,"baseline":412823,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718866/"]},{"id":"P15_O000174_wsrxga","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$191,923 donation spike on 2021-02-18 — 14.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-02-18 this committee recorded $191,923 across 167 contributions — 14.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,004.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718866","date":"2021-02-18","amount":191923,"count":167,"baseline":13004,"ratio":14.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718866/"]},{"id":"P15_O000174_wsrxfl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$186,541 donation spike on 2021-02-22 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-02-22 this committee recorded $186,541 across 194 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,412.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718866","date":"2021-02-22","amount":186541,"count":194,"baseline":19412,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718866/"]},{"id":"P15_O000174_wsrxfj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$169,365 donation spike on 2021-02-24 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-02-24 this committee recorded $169,365 across 159 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,709.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718866","date":"2021-02-24","amount":169365,"count":159,"baseline":24709,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718866/"]},{"id":"P19_O000174_7v6jvw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jon Ossoff campaign paid $1,841,038 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: MELE PRINTING","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's campaign paid 96 disbursements totaling $1,841,038 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE PRINTING","total":830575.8000000002,"count":36,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":95318.27,"date":"2019-11-12","description":"MAILERS FOR STATE ELECTION","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":85758.28,"date":"2016-12-07","description":"PRINTING AND POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":50209.03,"date":"2018-10-22","description":"CAMPAIGN PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","total":566691.8600000001,"count":37,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":35000,"date":"2024-12-18","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":20854.5,"date":"2017-11-14","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","total":273374.72,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":47500,"date":"2018-11-30","description":"ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":21553.81,"date":"2019-05-28","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES, TRAVEL, AND SHIPPING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":21503.49,"date":"2019-07-05","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE PRINTING COMPANY, LLC","total":55411.03,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE PRINTING COMPANY, LLC","amount":22976.23,"date":"2022-11-03","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING COMPANY, LLC","amount":19288.45,"date":"2024-11-07","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING COMPANY, LLC","amount":13146.35,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, GREGG","total":42581.4,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, GREGG","amount":21581.4,"date":"2025-10-01","description":"LOAN FOR CANDIDATE PAID EXPENSES ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MELE, GREGG","amount":21000,"date":"2025-12-29","description":"LOAN FOR CANDIDATE PAID EXPENSES ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","total":22561.47,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":22561.47,"date":"2016-11-23","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MELE%20PRINTING"]},{"id":"P25_O000174_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of PAC dollars ($273,000) come from Healthcare industry","explanation":"Jon Ossoff receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Healthcare issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Healthcare","amount":273000,"share":65.9,"totalPAC":414289.25999999995,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":273000,"share":65.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":116489.26000000001,"share":28.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":24800,"share":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_O000174_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"OSSOFF, Thomas Jonathan (Jon) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2025-12-04","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2025-12-03","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Susan Courtwright Rodriguez, of North Carolina, to be United States District Jud"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_O000174","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"Jon Ossoff has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":12,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P54_O000174_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (JNJ) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_O000174_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (BA)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P62_O000174","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $191,923 on 2021-02-18 (14.8× normal)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $191,923 on 2021-02-18 — 14.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":191923,"maxRatio":14.8,"maxAmount":191923},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-02-18","amount":191923,"ratio":14.8,"baselineDaily":13004,"count":167,"cmteId":"C00718866","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718866&min_date=2021-02-18&max_date=2021-02-18"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718866/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00718866&min_date=2021-02-18&max_date=2021-02-18"]},{"id":"P70_O000174","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Other (CEO) at The World Investigates Foundation Atlanta, GA","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2024) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (CEO) at The World Investigates Foundation Atlanta, GA (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2024","positions":[{"dates":"Feb 2013 to Jul 2023","role":"Other (CEO)","entity":"The World Investigates Foundation Atlanta, GA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a14df483-dd72-4266-98a2-09b9c7f8d1dc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a14df483-dd72-4266-98a2-09b9c7f8d1dc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_O000174_2024","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 12 new ticker holdings in 2024 not present in prior PFD filings — including EUSB, ESGV, VSGX, ARGFX, ARTZX, BAFWX","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 12 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: EUSB, ESGV, VSGX, ARGFX, ARTZX, BAFWX, HGXIX, JTQRX, PRBLX, PTRSX, VB, VIMAX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2024,"count":12,"newTickers":["EUSB","ESGV","VSGX","ARGFX","ARTZX","BAFWX","HGXIX","JTQRX","PRBLX","PTRSX","VB","VIMAX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a14df483-dd72-4266-98a2-09b9c7f8d1dc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a14df483-dd72-4266-98a2-09b9c7f8d1dc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_O000174","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: Israel, India","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 2 countries — Israel, India. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Israel → State of Israel ($1,001 - $15,000); India → Bank of India (New York, NY) Type: Certificate of Deposit Filer comment: Fully m (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":2,"countries":["Israel","India"],"byCountry":{"Israel":[{"assetName":"State of Israel","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"India":[{"assetName":"Bank of India (New York, NY) Type: Certificate of Deposit Filer comment: Fully m","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_O000174","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 25 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jon Ossoff appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 25 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (7); daily donation spike (4); pfd holding voted industry (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":25,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/O000174","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 25 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including SPAXX, AAPL, CAT, CNBKA, KO, FXAIX","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 25 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: SPAXX, AAPL, CAT, CNBKA, KO, FXAIX, KHC, MDLZ, FIW, FDGRX, BAC, BA.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":25,"divestedTickers":["SPAXX","AAPL","CAT","CNBKA","KO","FXAIX","KHC","MDLZ","FIW","FDGRX","BAC","BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_O000174_2024","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jon Ossoff filed 4 amendments to the 2024 Senate annual disclosure — 10 total amendments across 3 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Jon Ossoff's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2024 report alone, with 10 amendments across 3 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2024,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":10,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":3,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 3)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 2)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d63964c8-1c58-4b57-ad35-07e1a6104dc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fd98fbe-9613-4aa9-896a-b8ba0e250c50/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75543d83-83fc-474b-b46e-b91d74b436c6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0262a4ac-8042-4c39-b798-b85edc8ceba3/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d63964c8-1c58-4b57-ad35-07e1a6104dc4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fd98fbe-9613-4aa9-896a-b8ba0e250c50/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jon Ossoff discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 20% of 30 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 30 total reported assets — 20% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Fidelity IRA (--) · Edward Jones Roth IRA Select - Growth Focus (--) · Edward Jones Brokerage Account (--) · Millennium Trust Company - Rollover Traditional IRA (--) · Fidelity Brokerage (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":30,"opaqueRatio":0.2,"samples":[{"asset":"Fidelity IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Edward Jones Roth IRA Select - Growth Focus","value":"--"},{"asset":"Edward Jones Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Millennium Trust Company - Rollover Traditional IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Brokerage","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 PFD: 24 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (77% of 31 reported assets)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 24 reported holdings owned by Spouse (24), Joint (0), or Dependent (0) — 77% of 31 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Edward Jones Roth IRA Select - Growth Focus · Spouse: EUSB - iShares ESG Advanced Total USD Bond Market ETF · Spouse: ESGV - Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF · Spouse: VSGX - Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":24,"Joint":0,"Dependent":0,"Self":6},"totalAssets":31,"familyShare":0.774,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Edward Jones Roth IRA Select - Growth Focus","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"EUSB - iShares ESG Advanced Total USD Bond Market ETF","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"ESGV - Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"VSGX - Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"ARGFX - Ariel Fund Investor Cl","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"The Thomas Jonathan Ossoff Qualified Blind Trust of 2021","type":"Trust Qualified Blind Trust","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Truist Bank Charlotte,","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 2.375% (10 years) from Truist Bank Charlotte,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.375% (10 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Truist Bank Charlotte, NC","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P97_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P97_PFD_BLIND_TRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 PFD references a Qualified Blind Trust — transparency-positive (rare among senators)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references a Qualified Blind Trust (QBT). A QBT removes the senator's discretion over individual asset-management decisions for the trust assets — they cannot direct purchases or sales, and they receive only summary balance information without knowing the underlying holdings. This is the strongest available recusal mechanism short of full divestiture. Setting up a QBT is rare (fewer than 10 of 100 senators historically) and requires Senate Ethics Committee approval of trust documents and trustees. This finding is transparency-positive — the inverse of the dozens of conflict-pattern flags above. Journalists should still verify the scope of the trust (does it cover all reportable assets, or just a subset?) and check for any reportable transactions outside the trust. Reference: 1 | The Thomas Jonathan Ossoff Qualified Blind Trust of 2021 | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 | Qualified Blin","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_blind_trust","year":"2025","mention":"1 | The Thomas Jonathan Ossoff Qualified Blind Trust of 2021 | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 | Qualified Blind Trust | $50,001 - $100,000","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/qualifiedblindtrust"]},{"id":"P99_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Georgia Obstetrics & Gynecology","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Georgia Obstetrics & Gynecology LLC (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Georgia Obstetrics & Gynecology LLC Atlanta, GA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P104_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Ossoff\" — top: The Thomas Jonathan Ossoff Qualified","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Ossoff\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: The Thomas Jonathan Ossoff Qualified (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Ossoff","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"The Thomas Jonathan Ossoff Qualified Blind Trust of 2021","type":"Trust Qualified Blind Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_O000174","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jon Ossoff named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($13.6M total receipts) — top: OSSOFF VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Jon Ossoff appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $13.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: OSSOFF VICTORY FUND (C00750919, $13.6M receipts, treasurer MELE, STEVEN). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":13.62,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00750919","name":"OSSOFF VICTORY FUND","receipts":13615535.48,"treasurer":"MELE, STEVEN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750919/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750919/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00750919/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P135_O000174","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's earliest disclosed PFD (2019) shows $6.7M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2019) shows total assets of $6.7M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 32; earned-income on first filing: $1,000.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2019","totalAssetMid":6700516.5,"assetCount":32,"earnedIncome":1000,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f2ca2df4-65a6-4b70-950f-b760d27a9c22/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f2ca2df4-65a6-4b70-950f-b760d27a9c22/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_O000174","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jon Ossoff ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $468M across 6 cycles","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's FEC-bulk record shows $468.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 6 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":468.25,"cycleCount":6,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8GA00180"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8GA00180/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_O000174","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jon Ossoff's PAC funding concentrates 92% in Healthcare ($0.27M / $0.30M classified)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's PAC donors concentrate 92% in the Healthcare industry — $0.27M of $0.30M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Healthcare $0.27M · Technology $0.02M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Healthcare","topAmountM":0.27,"totalPacAmountM":0.3,"concentrationPct":91.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Healthcare":0.27,"Technology":0.02}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8GA00180/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_O000174","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jon Ossoff triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jon Ossoff accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 29 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":29}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_O000174","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff triggers 30 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Jon Ossoff accumulates findings across 30 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 30 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":30,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P29","P36","P54","P62","P70","P74","P77","P78","P79","P82","P83","P87","P88","P96","P97","P99","P104","P109","P135","P137","P148","P149"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P161_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VFFVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"VFFVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 30 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 30 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":30,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_O000174","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jon Ossoff's PFD net worth declined 48% year-over-year — 2024 $5.54M → 2025 $2.87M","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $5.54M in 2024 to $2.87M in 2025 — a 48% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2024","priorNetWorthM":5.54,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":2.87,"declinePct":48.21,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0262a4ac-8042-4c39-b798-b85edc8ceba3/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0262a4ac-8042-4c39-b798-b85edc8ceba3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Georgia Obstetrics & Gynecology (Salary)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Salary from Georgia Obstetrics & Gynecology (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Georgia Obstetrics & Gynecology LLC Atlanta, GA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0262a4ac-8042-4c39-b798-b85edc8ceba3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0262a4ac-8042-4c39-b798-b85edc8ceba3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Mortgage from Truist Bank Charlotte, NC at 2.375% (10 years)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Mortgage from Truist Bank Charlotte, NC at 2.375% (10 years) ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2021","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.375% (10 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Truist Bank Charlotte, NC"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0262a4ac-8042-4c39-b798-b85edc8ceba3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0262a4ac-8042-4c39-b798-b85edc8ceba3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_GA_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GA delegation: Jon Ossoff & Raphael Warnock both flagged on 15 shared detector types (7 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from GA — Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 7 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P14, P15, P19, P25, P29.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"GA","juniorSenatorBid":"W000790","juniorSenatorName":"Raphael Warnock","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":7,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P14","P15","P19","P25","P29","P36","P62","P96","P109","P148","P161","P166"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/O000174","https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000790"]},{"id":"P193_O000174_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Ossoff — 14 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Jon Ossoff's 2025 Senate PFD shows 14 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":14,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8e39e175-4a0b-4170-8981-294ba4e943d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_O000174","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jon Ossoff — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($234.1M)","explanation":"Jon Ossoff is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $234.1M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":234123699,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8GA00180/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000618":[{"id":"P6_D000618_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,321,412 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $3,321,412 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 111 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":3321411.63,"oppose":0,"events":111}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_D000618_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,786,152 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,786,152 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1786151.8,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_D000618_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$746,064 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Conservatives Fund","explanation":"Senate Conservatives Fund spent $746,064 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 135 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"Senate Conservatives Fund","support":746064.15,"oppose":0,"events":135}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P7_D000618_vb8gqq","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $49,017,284 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $49,017,284 opposing this member across 669 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":49017283.93999998,"totalSupport":7305679.689999998,"events":669,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DSCC","oppose":18467233.8},{"name":"SMP","oppose":16740923.809999999},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":4251185.709999999},{"name":"MONTANA HUNTERS AND ANGLERS LEADERSHIP FUND","oppose":3342740.9299999997},{"name":"EDF Action Votes","oppose":1573308.36}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_D000618_o92ifw","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$925,000 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $925,000 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":925000,"events":2,"byYear":{"2020":925000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":500000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30003099","name":"HEALTH CARE VOTER A PROJECT OF THE SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":425000,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000618_s4mh70","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,108 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $95,108 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":95784.31,"oppose":676.46,"net":95107.84999999999,"events":27,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":48564.16,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":44561.16,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1642.1399999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":1016.85,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":676.46,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_D000618_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"42718 employees of NONE gave $6,527,065 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 42718× NONE = $6,527,065; 28047× RETIRED = $2,258,655. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":42718,"total":6527065,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":28047,"total":2258655,"years":["2014","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000618_f61ms2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,179,719 donation spike on 2020-11-03 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-03 this committee recorded $1,179,719 across 17618 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $143,436.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2020-11-03","amount":1179719,"count":17618,"baseline":143436,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_f5my5f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$832,820 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $832,820 across 3752 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $107,590.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2020-09-30","amount":832820,"count":3752,"baseline":107590,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_f5l14b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$335,370 donation spike on 2020-06-02 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-02 this committee recorded $335,370 across 554 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $41,478.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2020-06-02","amount":335370,"count":554,"baseline":41478,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_f629u4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$313,290 donation spike on 2020-12-31 — 25.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-12-31 this committee recorded $313,290 across 105 contributions — 25.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,396.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2020-12-31","amount":313290,"count":105,"baseline":12396,"ratio":25.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_f5l16u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$306,963 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $306,963 across 1026 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $46,711.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2020-06-30","amount":306963,"count":1026,"baseline":46711,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_udmnf5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$171,650 donation spike on 2013-12-21 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-21 this committee recorded $171,650 across 148 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,671.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2013-12-21","amount":171650,"count":148,"baseline":11671,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_pzkd0v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$164,350 donation spike on 2014-06-03 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-03 this committee recorded $164,350 across 107 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,089.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2014-06-03","amount":164350,"count":107,"baseline":17089,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_pzkcyd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$156,940 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $156,940 across 119 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,448.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2014-06-30","amount":156940,"count":119,"baseline":20448,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_pzm9wx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126,500 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $126,500 across 137 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,207.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2014-03-31","amount":126500,"count":137,"baseline":16207,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P15_D000618_ud7brb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,100 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 13× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $124,100 across 75 contributions — 13× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,510.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00491357","date":"2013-09-30","amount":124100,"count":75,"baseline":9510,"ratio":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/"]},{"id":"P19_D000618_a2f8ec","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Daines campaign paid $15,227 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: KUNEY, RALPH","explanation":"Steve Daines's campaign paid 22 disbursements totaling $15,227 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, RALPH","total":4579.5,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, RALPH","amount":940,"date":"2016-11-07","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KUNEY, RALPH","amount":671.25,"date":"2016-10-12","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KUNEY, RALPH","amount":497.5,"date":"2018-04-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, MARY","total":3300,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, MARY","amount":3300,"date":"2024-08-09","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, MAX","total":2700,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, MAX","amount":1500,"date":"2015-12-09","description":"REFUND TO DONOR","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KUNEY, MAX","amount":1200,"date":"2015-12-09","description":"REFUND TO DONOR","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, LORNA","total":1953,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, LORNA","amount":1500,"date":"2006-02-06","description":"FINANCIAL CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KUNEY, LORNA","amount":453,"date":"2014-10-07","description":"INKIND: MAILING","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, SCOTT","total":1000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, SCOTT","amount":1000,"date":"2017-09-30","description":"REFUND OF DUPLICATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, JEFF","total":500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, JEFF","amount":500,"date":"2004-03-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KUNEY"]},{"id":"P34_D000618_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $10,000","explanation":"Steve Daines's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"STANLEY BLACK & DECKER INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"matchedClient":"STANLEY BLACK DECKER","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"ASSURED GUARANTY MUNICIPAL CORP. PAC","total":5000,"matchedClient":"ASSURED GUARANTY MUNICIPAL CORP","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000618","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Steve Daines has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":10,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Confederated_Tribes_and_Bands__119061","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session…\". The witness Jeremy Takala (Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119061","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)","date":"2026-03-18T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Jeremy Takala","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Col_119061","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session…\". The witness Jarred-Michael Erickson (Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119061","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Afternoon Session)","date":"2026-03-18T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Jarred-Michael Erickson","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119061","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Confederated_Salish_and_Kooten_119060","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Morning Session)\". The witness Michael Dolson (Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"119060","title":"Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies – American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness (Day 2, Morning Session)","date":"2026-03-18T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Dolson","witnessOrg":"Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119060"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119060","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Confederated_Tribes_and_Bands__117917","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Stephen Selam (Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117917","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Stephen Selam","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Col_117917","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-26 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Jarred-Michael Erickson (Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117917","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-26T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Jarred-Michael Erickson","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117917","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Confederated_Salish_and_Kooten_117914","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2025-02-25 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing\". The witness Carole Lankford (Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"117914","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Hearing","date":"2025-02-25T18:30:00Z","witnessName":"Carole Lankford","witnessOrg":"Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117914","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Col_115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Jarred-Michael Erickson (Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Jarred-Michael Erickson","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Confederated_Tribes_and_Bands__115414","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-09 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2\". The witness Jeremy Takala (Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115414","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 2","date":"2023-03-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Jeremy Takala","witnessOrg":"Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115414","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P47_D000618_Tribal_Council_of_the_Confeder_115411","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tribal Council of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies — also a $6,600 donor","explanation":"Steve Daines sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which on 2023-03-08 held a hearing titled \"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1\". The witness Carole Depoe Lankford (Tribal Council of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $6,600 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies","eventId":"115411","title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Public Witness Day 1","date":"2023-03-08T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Carole Depoe Lankford","witnessOrg":"Tribal Council of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115411"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES OF THE FLATHEAD NATI","total":6600,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"MT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115411","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONFEDERATED%20SALISH%20AND%20KOOTENAI%20TRIBES%20OF%20THE%20FLATHEAD%20NATI"]},{"id":"P57_D000618","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$925K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 54% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Steve Daines was the target of $925,000 in electioneering communications across 2 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($500,000 = 54% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":925000,"events":2,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2020":925000}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":500000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003099","name":"HEALTH CARE VOTER A PROJECT OF THE SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":425000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003099/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_D000618","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$96K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 51% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Steve Daines received $95,784.31 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($48,564.16 = 51%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":95784.31,"oppose":676.46,"byYear":{"2012":11128.740000000002,"2014":30880.149999999998,"2020":54451.88},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":48564.16,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":44561.16,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":1642.1399999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":1016.85,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":676.46,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_D000618","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (5 total findings) — ie support concentration (3), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Steve Daines triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 5 total findings across them: ie support concentration (3), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":5,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":3},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_D000618","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $356,280.3","explanation":"Steve Daines received campaign contributions totaling $356,280.3 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO ($209,680.3); TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($15,000); CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC. ($10,000); DENBURY RESOURCES ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":356280.3,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"DAINES SENATE MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO","donorTotal":209680.3,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC PAC","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DENBURY RESOURCES INC PAC","ldaClient":"DENBURY RESOURCES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC. PAC (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_D000618","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $313,290 on 2020-12-31 (25.3× normal)","explanation":"Steve Daines's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $313,290 on 2020-12-31 — 25.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":609040,"maxRatio":25.3,"maxAmount":313290},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-12-31","amount":313290,"ratio":25.3,"baselineDaily":12396,"count":105,"cmteId":"C00491357","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00491357&min_date=2020-12-31&max_date=2020-12-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-12-21","amount":171650,"ratio":14.7,"baselineDaily":11671,"count":148,"cmteId":"C00491357","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00491357&min_date=2013-12-21&max_date=2013-12-21"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-09-30","amount":124100,"ratio":13,"baselineDaily":9510,"count":75,"cmteId":"C00491357","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00491357&min_date=2013-09-30&max_date=2013-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00491357/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00491357&min_date=2020-12-31&max_date=2020-12-31"]},{"id":"P63_D000618","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 58 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Steve Daines's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 58 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): VGSTX, VSGAX, VTTHX, VHYAX, VIMAX, VSMGX, BITQ, PIN, BLCN, HNDL, BITO, VWILX, SMIN, BTF, XBTF, … (43 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":58,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["VGSTX","VSGAX","VTTHX","VHYAX","VIMAX","VSMGX","BITQ","PIN","BLCN","HNDL","BITO","VWILX","SMIN","BTF","XBTF","VIPSX","VEXPX","VFORX","VTSAX","VFIDX","VBILX","VFIIX","VFITX","VLGSX","VSBSX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_D000618","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 7 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$13.5M","explanation":"Steve Daines's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 7 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $13,500,003. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Residential/Agricultural Property Descri (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Gen 2 Description: Office Building (Boze (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Gen 3 Description: Office Building (Boze (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Gen 7 Description: Office Building (Boze (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Residential Lot Description: Residential (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":7,"totalEstMidpoint":13500003,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Residential/Agricultural Property Description: Residential/Agricultural Property (Belgrade, MT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"},{"name":"Gen 2 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"},{"name":"Gen 3 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"},{"name":"Gen 7 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"},{"name":"Residential Lot Description: Residential Lot (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_D000618","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $3.0M in personal liabilities (14% leverage of assets) — 2 liability items","explanation":"Steve Daines's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2024) reports $3,000,000.5 in personal liabilities against $21,847,510 in assets — a 13.7% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2024","totalLiabMid":3000000.5,"totalAssetMid":21847510,"leverageRatio":13.7,"liabCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d2075cc1-1cdb-4caf-83d2-34841ab7f3ab/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2022 · Joint · Other (Land) · - · 6.95% (6.95% for initial 3yr period, then FHLBR +2.75) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Yellowstone Bank Belgrade, MT · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d2075cc1-1cdb-4caf-83d2-34841ab7f3ab/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_D000618","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Partner at Genesis Partners Bozeman, MT-Montana","explanation":"Steve Daines's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at Genesis Partners Bozeman, MT-Montana (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"May 1998 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"Genesis Partners Bozeman, MT-Montana","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_D000618_2019","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 15 new ticker holdings in 2019 not present in prior PFD filings — including VASGX, VEXPX, VFORX, VGSTX, VHDYX, VIMAX","explanation":"Steve Daines's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 15 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: VASGX, VEXPX, VFORX, VGSTX, VHDYX, VIMAX, VSGAX, VSMGX, VTSAX, VTTHX, VWIGX, VDADX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2019,"count":15,"newTickers":["VASGX","VEXPX","VFORX","VGSTX","VHDYX","VIMAX","VSGAX","VSMGX","VTSAX","VTTHX","VWIGX","VDADX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd9635ec-bea2-4dd7-9481-94bae5257639/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd9635ec-bea2-4dd7-9481-94bae5257639/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_D000618","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 39 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Steve Daines appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 39 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (10); hearing witness donor (9); ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":39,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":10},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000618","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_D000618_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 18 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including AMCFX, AHIFX, GVTFX, APDQX, SMGIX, AEPFX","explanation":"Steve Daines's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 18 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: AMCFX, AHIFX, GVTFX, APDQX, SMGIX, AEPFX, HABDX, NWHYX, ORIYX, OIBYX, WMFFX, AAIEX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":18,"divestedTickers":["AMCFX","AHIFX","GVTFX","APDQX","SMGIX","AEPFX","HABDX","NWHYX","ORIYX","OIBYX","WMFFX","AAIEX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b18a5fd3-183b-4299-b147-dfcb4075626e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b18a5fd3-183b-4299-b147-dfcb4075626e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_D000618_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Daines discloses 10 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD AND sits on Finance","explanation":"Steve Daines's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 10 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. The senator simultaneously sits on Finance — committees with direct jurisdiction over mortgage rates, federal housing finance (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHFA), real-estate tax policy (depreciation, 1031 exchanges, opportunity zones), and rental-housing law (Section 8, eviction moratoriums). All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Residential Lot Description: Residential Lot (Bozeman, MT) · Ag Land Belgrade Description: Agriculture land (Belgrade, MT · Residential/Agricultural Property Description: Residential/A · Genesis Company: Genesis Business Park (Bozeman, MT) Descrip.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":10,"properties":[{"name":"Residential Lot Description: Residential Lot (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Ag Land Belgrade Description: Agriculture land (Belgrade, MT)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Residential/Agricultural Property Description: Residential/Agricultural Property (Belgrade, MT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Genesis Company: Genesis Business Park (Bozeman, MT) Description: Commercial real estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Gen 1 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Gen 2 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Gen 3 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Gen Lot 3 Description: Lot 3 (Bozeman, MT) Filer comment: Empty parcel of land in Genesis Business park","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"committees":["Finance"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P88_D000618_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Daines's 2025 PFD: 5 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Steve Daines's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Ag Land Belgrade Description: Agriculture land (Belgrade, MT)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Residential/Agricultural Property Description: Residential/Agricultural Property (Belgrade, MT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Gen 2 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Gen 3 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Gen 7 Description: Office Building (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_D000618","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Daines filed 5 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 181 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Steve Daines has filed 5 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 181 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2024 (181d late, filed 11/12/2024) · 2020 (87d late, filed 08/10/2020) · 2015 (67d late, filed 07/21/2015) · 2018 (43d late, filed 06/27/2018).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":5,"maxDaysLate":181,"samples":[{"year":2024,"filingDate":"11/12/2024","daysLate":181,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d2075cc1-1cdb-4caf-83d2-34841ab7f3ab/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/10/2020","daysLate":87,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ef05e2ef-d958-4800-a190-da24ee2441d3/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"07/21/2015","daysLate":67,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7d360a42-78af-44c4-8066-ab7b28f7c920/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2018,"filingDate":"06/27/2018","daysLate":43,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b18a5fd3-183b-4299-b147-dfcb4075626e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d2075cc1-1cdb-4caf-83d2-34841ab7f3ab/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ef05e2ef-d958-4800-a190-da24ee2441d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7d360a42-78af-44c4-8066-ab7b28f7c920/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_D000618","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($7.4M total receipts) — top: DAINES BIG SKY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Steve Daines appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $7.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: DAINES BIG SKY COMMITTEE (C00571596, $4.0M receipts, treasurer SHIRLEY WAREHIME). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":7.39,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00571596","name":"DAINES BIG SKY COMMITTEE","receipts":4023412.4400000004,"treasurer":"SHIRLEY WAREHIME","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571596/"},{"committeeId":"C00506865","name":"DAINES MONTANA VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":3366614.64,"treasurer":"SHIRLEY WAREHIME","activeYears":7,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00506865/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571596/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00571596/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P135_D000618","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines's earliest disclosed PFD (2015) shows $15.0M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Steve Daines's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2015) shows total assets of $15.0M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 45; earned-income on first filing: $174,600.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2015","totalAssetMid":14966972.5,"assetCount":45,"earnedIncome":174600,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7d360a42-78af-44c4-8066-ab7b28f7c920/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7d360a42-78af-44c4-8066-ab7b28f7c920/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_D000618","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Daines ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $99M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Steve Daines's FEC-bulk record shows $98.8M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":98.81,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2MT00096"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2MT00096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P145_D000618_2025","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: Vanguard Federal Money Market","explanation":"Steve Daines's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund (Settlement fund) (Monroe, WI) Type: Money Market Account ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund (Settlement fund) (Monroe, WI) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P148_D000618","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines's PAC funding concentrates 38% in Labor ($0.07M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"Steve Daines's PAC donors concentrate 38% in the Labor industry — $0.07M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.07M · Finance $0.02M · Technology $0.02M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":38.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.07,"Finance":0.02,"Technology":0.02,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Pharma":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Telecom":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2MT00096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_D000618","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Daines triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Steve Daines accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 30 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":30}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_D000618","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines triggers 31 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Steve Daines accumulates findings across 31 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 31 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":31,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P14","P15","P19","P34","P36","P47","P57","P58","P59","P61","P62","P63","P68","P69","P70","P74","P78","P79","P84","P88","P93","P109","P135","P137","P145","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_D000618","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 624 sponsored, 2,465 cosponsored","explanation":"Steve Daines's congress.gov record shows 624 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":624,"cosponsoredCount":2465,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/steve-daines/D000618","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_D000618_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Steve Daines's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VTTHX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund Investor Shar.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"VTTHX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund Investor Shar","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_D000618_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 22 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Steve Daines's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 22 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":22,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_D000618_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Daines's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $21.4M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Steve Daines's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $21.4M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":21372510,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/64bcf990-688c-41ce-9300-d7452f78e583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_MT_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MT delegation: Steve Daines & Tim Sheehy both flagged on 15 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MT — Steve Daines and Tim Sheehy — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P14, P15, P36, P63, P68.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MT","juniorSenatorBid":"S001232","juniorSenatorName":"Tim Sheehy","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P14","P15","P36","P63","P68","P69","P70","P74","P79","P84","P88","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000618","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001232"]},{"id":"P199_D000618","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Daines — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($49.4M)","explanation":"Steve Daines is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $49.4M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":49406964,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2MT00096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000585":[{"id":"P6_G000585_tuuali","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,723,990 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","explanation":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP) spent $1,723,990 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00799031","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":1723990.1500000001,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799031/"]},{"id":"P6_G000585_uvqyg7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$658,504 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Progressive Action","explanation":"Americans for Progressive Action spent $658,504 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00545590","name":"Americans for Progressive Action","support":658504.2,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545590/"]},{"id":"P6_G000585_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$511,329 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $511,329 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":511329,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_G000585_uup8s7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$429,470 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LATINO VICTORY FUND","explanation":"LATINO VICTORY FUND spent $429,470 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00562777","name":"LATINO VICTORY FUND","support":429470.2,"oppose":0,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00562777/"]},{"id":"P7_G000585_o4c2mw","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,364,593 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,364,593 opposing this member across 109 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1364592.83,"totalSupport":4240483.6,"events":109,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Majority PAC","oppose":1364380.5},{"name":"NARAL Pro-Choice America","oppose":212.32999999999998}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000585_1fwd1","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,713 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $96,713 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":104436.76999999999,"oppose":7724.25,"net":96712.51999999999,"events":23,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70003223","name":"LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO","support":85587.3,"oppose":0,"types":["","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":18424.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":7724.25,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006150","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 721 CTW CLC","support":211.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006200","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES - CA PEOPLE (AFSCME CA PEOPLE)","support":100,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000585_q8h1no","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $716,729 / spent $665,344","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00683250","cmteName":"GENERATION GO LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":11000,"totalDisbursements":797.5,"cashOnHand":10202.5},{"cmteId":"C00683250","cmteName":"GENERATION GO LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":120000,"totalDisbursements":80607.7,"cashOnHand":49594.8},{"cmteId":"C00683250","cmteName":"GENERATION GO LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":78639.7,"totalDisbursements":114736.9,"cashOnHand":13497.64},{"cmteId":"C00683250","cmteName":"GENERATION GO LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":307773.4,"totalDisbursements":231715.8,"cashOnHand":89555.28},{"cmteId":"C00683250","cmteName":"GENERATION GO LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":199316.2,"totalDisbursements":237486.4,"cashOnHand":51385.08}],"totalRaised":716729.3,"totalSpent":665344.2999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000585_5kqw33","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,780 donation spike on 2014-06-20 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-20 this committee recorded $52,780 across 27 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,779.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544809","date":"2014-06-20","amount":52780,"count":27,"baseline":4779,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544809/"]},{"id":"P15_G000585_ppi3ap","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$273,687 donation spike on 2024-10-09 — 21.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-09 this committee recorded $273,687 across 121 contributions — 21.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,509.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629659","date":"2024-10-09","amount":273687,"count":121,"baseline":12509,"ratio":21.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629659/"]},{"id":"P58_G000585","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 82% from LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO","explanation":"Jimmy Gomez received $104,436.77 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO ($85,587.3 = 82%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":104436.76999999999,"oppose":7724.25,"byYear":{"2014":7724.25,"2018":86009.01999999999,"2022":19188.65},"corpCount":11},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003223","name":"LOS ANGELES COUNTY FEDERATION OF LABOR, AFL-CIO","support":85587.3,"oppose":0,"types":["","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003223/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":18424.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":7724.25,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003645/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006150","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 721 CTW CLC","support":211.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006150/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006200","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES - CA PEOPLE (AFSCME CA PEOPLE)","support":100,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006200/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003223/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_G000585","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $273,687 on 2024-10-09 (21.9× normal)","explanation":"Jimmy Gomez's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $273,687 on 2024-10-09 — 21.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":326467,"maxRatio":21.9,"maxAmount":273687},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-10-09","amount":273687,"ratio":21.9,"baselineDaily":12509,"count":121,"cmteId":"C00629659","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00629659&min_date=2024-10-09&max_date=2024-10-09"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-06-20","amount":52780,"ratio":11,"baselineDaily":4779,"count":27,"cmteId":"C00544809","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00544809&min_date=2014-06-20&max_date=2014-06-20"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629659/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00629659&min_date=2024-10-09&max_date=2024-10-09"]},{"id":"P109_G000585","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jimmy Gomez named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: GABRIEL GOMEZ VICTORY FUND 2013","explanation":"Jimmy Gomez appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GABRIEL GOMEZ VICTORY FUND 2013 (C00544585, $1.2M receipts, treasurer KEITH A DAVIS). Active years: 1, first seen 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.21,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00544585","name":"GABRIEL GOMEZ VICTORY FUND 2013","receipts":1207852,"treasurer":"KEITH A DAVIS","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544585/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544585/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00544585/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_G000585","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jimmy Gomez draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.5M PAC / $16.1M total)","explanation":"Jimmy Gomez's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.5M of $16.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.49,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.05,"pacSharePct":52.9,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8CA34266"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA34266/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S000033":[{"id":"P6_S000033_va4uc7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,541,499 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Nurses United for Patient Prote (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection spent $4,541,499 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 525 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00490375","name":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection","support":4541498.68,"oppose":0,"events":525},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL NURSES UNITED PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00490375/"]},{"id":"P7_S000033_7tigbv","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $12,676,313 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $12,676,313 opposing this member across 2135 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":12676313.280000001,"totalSupport":5691566.790000001,"events":2135,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Big Tent Project Fund","oppose":8287323.56},{"name":"DMFI PAC","oppose":2800000},{"name":"ESAFund","oppose":829500.79},{"name":"ARIZONANS FOR AFFORDABLE ELECTRICITY","oppose":572555.7},{"name":"RJC Victory Fund","oppose":68895}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S000033_ejs81u","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$304,969 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $304,969 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":304968.9099999999,"oppose":0,"net":304968.9099999999,"events":38,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005285","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","support":178155.65999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005897","name":"FRIENDS OF THE EARTH (ACTION) INC","support":80259.25,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70003322","name":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION AFL-CIO","support":42015,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005871","name":"STATE EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION OF NH, SEIU LOCAL 1984","support":3736.25,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":802.75,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S000033_fib91l","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $283,330 / spent $233,349","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00406553","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE VOTERS OF AMERICA","year":"2022","totalReceipts":9427,"totalDisbursements":55572.5,"cashOnHand":42769.42},{"cmteId":"C00406553","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE VOTERS OF AMERICA","year":"2024","totalReceipts":35301,"totalDisbursements":65766.1,"cashOnHand":12304.37},{"cmteId":"C00406553","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVE VOTERS OF AMERICA","year":"2026","totalReceipts":238601.8,"totalDisbursements":112010.8,"cashOnHand":138895.36}],"totalRaised":283329.8,"totalSpent":233349.40000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_S000033_qt0u7a","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"99% of itemized donations from outside VT","explanation":"Only $1,382,965 of $175,432,716 itemized individual contributions came from VT. The rest — $174,049,751 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"VT","homeStateTotal":1382965,"outOfStateTotal":174049751,"outOfStateShare":99.2,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":4387071},{"stateZip3":"WA981","amount":4099063},{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":3881049},{"stateZip3":"CA941","amount":3826365},{"stateZip3":"NY112","amount":3682349}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S000033_8zc686","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders campaign paid $14,917,678 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATION","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's campaign paid 96 disbursements totaling $14,917,678 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATION","total":2539341.59,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATION","amount":249300,"date":"2018-09-12","description":"PAID MEDIA","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATION","amount":183204.54,"date":"2010-10-13","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATION","amount":180676.57,"date":"2010-10-07","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","total":2498951.3600000003,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":1189309,"date":"2020-07-29","description":"TV/RADIO","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":426181.49,"date":"2020-09-16","description":"TV/RADIO","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":388119.57,"date":"2020-08-06","description":"TV/RADIO","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS KIRCHNER SANDERS AND PARTNERS","total":2488963.06,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS KIRCHNER SANDERS AND PARTNERS","amount":500000,"date":"2008-10-28","description":"PRODUCTION/PLACEMENT OF TV AD CLOUT","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS KIRCHNER SANDERS AND PARTNERS","amount":456513.25,"date":"2008-10-09","description":"PRODUCTION/PLACEMENT OF TV AD","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS KIRCHNER SANDERS AND PARTNERS","amount":455000,"date":"2008-10-03","description":"PRODUCTION PLACEMENT TV AD INVESTIGATOR","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TROUTMAN PEPPER HAMILTON SANDERS LLP","total":1624641.48,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"TROUTMAN PEPPER HAMILTON SANDERS LLP","amount":573899.36,"date":"2023-07-27","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TROUTMAN PEPPER HAMILTON SANDERS LLP","amount":265170.85,"date":"2023-09-12","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TROUTMAN PEPPER HAMILTON SANDERS LLP","amount":250000,"date":"2023-07-20","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS","total":1105000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS","amount":730000,"date":"2010-10-04","description":"PRODUCTION PLACEMENT OF GUN DEALER","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS","amount":375000,"date":"2010-10-15","description":"PLACEMENT OF GUN DEALER","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DRESNER, WICKERS, BARBER, SANDERS","total":1039084.99,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"DRESNER, WICKERS, BARBER, SANDERS","amount":117000,"date":"2012-03-12","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DRESNER, WICKERS, BARBER, SANDERS","amount":99061.04,"date":"2012-10-10","description":"EXEMPT VOLUNTEER MAILING","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DRESNER, WICKERS, BARBER, SANDERS","amount":99061.04,"date":"2012-10-04","description":"EXEMPT VOLUNTEER MAILING","surnameMatched":"sanders","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MACWILLIAMS%20SANDERS%20COMMUNICATION"]},{"id":"P25_S000033_Finance","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56% of PAC dollars ($835,532) come from Finance industry","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Finance issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Finance","amount":835532.1000000001,"share":56.2,"totalPAC":1485834.1400000001,"pacCount":19},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":835532.1000000001,"share":56.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":548702.03,"share":36.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":35000.01,"share":2.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":34100,"share":2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S000033","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 7 total findings","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":7,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_S000033","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$305K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 58% from COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders received $304,968.91 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA ($178,155.66 = 58%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":304968.9099999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":802.75,"2016":304166.1599999999},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005285","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","support":178155.65999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005285/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005897","name":"FRIENDS OF THE EARTH (ACTION) INC","support":80259.25,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005897/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003322","name":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION AFL-CIO","support":42015,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003322/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005871","name":"STATE EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION OF NH, SEIU LOCAL 1984","support":3736.25,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005871/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":802.75,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005285/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S000033","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $413,271.07","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders received campaign contributions totaling $413,271.07 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($363,271.06); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); END CITIZENS UNITED ($5,000.01); NATIONAL NURSES UNITED ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":413271.07,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"VERMONT FEDERAL CREDIT UNION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":363271.06,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"END CITIZENS UNITED","ldaClient":"END CITIZENS UNITED","donorTotal":5000.01,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL NURSES UNITED PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL NURSES UNITED","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P70_S000033","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at Islands Family Trust North Hero, Vermont","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at Islands Family Trust North Hero, Vermont (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2016 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Islands Family Trust North Hero, Vermont","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_S000033","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$154,971.52 in outside earned income — top source: Penguin Random House LLC Alexandria, VA ($$148,750.00)","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $154,971.52 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Penguin Random House LLC Alexandria, VA ($148,750.00, Royalties); City of Burlington Vermont Burlington, VT ($6,221.52, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":154971.52,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"Penguin Random House LLC Alexandria, VA","amount":"$148,750.00","amountNumeric":148750},{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"City of Burlington Vermont Burlington, VT","amount":"$6,221.52","amountNumeric":6221.52}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S000033","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 12 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 12 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); out of state concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":12,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S000033","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_S000033_2016","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders filed 5 amendments to the 2016 Senate annual disclosure — 12 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's Senate eFD record shows 5 amendments to the 2016 report alone, with 12 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2016,"amendmentCount":5,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":12,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 5)","Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 4)","Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 4)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a4eb9384-304c-48b4-a023-6ca250a5b6cc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3efacafc-7adb-4e67-84e0-cf8427d814f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/375d0042-98e1-47b5-aa04-48b18c601d61/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d84abf02-cf1f-4f2e-930c-5344c7485203/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a4eb9384-304c-48b4-a023-6ca250a5b6cc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3efacafc-7adb-4e67-84e0-cf8427d814f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_S000033_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's 2025 PFD: 33 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (94% of 35 reported assets)","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 33 reported holdings owned by Spouse (30), Joint (3), or Dependent (0) — 94% of 35 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Spouse Retirement plan Filer comment: These are not individually held stocks. Th · Spouse: CREF Stock Account - R1 · Spouse: CREF Growth Account - R1 · Spouse: CREF Global Equities Account.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":30,"Joint":3,"Dependent":0,"Self":1},"totalAssets":35,"familyShare":0.943,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Spouse Retirement plan Filer comment: These are not individually held stocks. Th","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CREF Stock Account - R1","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CREF Growth Account - R1","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CREF Global Equities Account","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"TIAA-CREF Mid-Cap Growth Retire","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_S000033","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's campaign paid $9,898,278 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATION ($2,539,342)","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 69 payments totaling $9,898,278 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATION ($2,539,342 across 21 payments, services: PAID MEDIA · ADVERTISING · MEDIA BUY). Cycles covered: 2010, 2012, 2014, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":9898278.029999997,"paymentCount":69,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS COMMUNICATION","total":2539341.59,"count":21,"descriptions":["PAID MEDIA","ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS KIRCHNER SANDERS AND PARTNERS","total":2488963.06,"count":8,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION/PLACEMENT OF TV AD CLOUT","PRODUCTION/PLACEMENT OF TV AD","PRODUCTION PLACEMENT TV AD INVESTIGATOR"]},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS SANDERS","total":1105000,"count":2,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION PLACEMENT OF GUN DEALER","PLACEMENT OF GUN DEALER"]},{"payee":"DRESNER, WICKERS, BARBER, SANDERS","total":1039084.99,"count":13,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","EXEMPT VOLUNTEER MAILING","CABLE TV COMMERCIAL COST"]},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS KIRCHNER SANDERS & PARTNERS","total":1017498.1399999999,"count":11,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUYS","MEDIA BUY"]}],"surname":"sanders"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4VT00033&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_S000033","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders filed 18 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 187 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Bernard “Bernie” Sanders has filed 18 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 187 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2014 (187d late, filed 11/18/2014) · 2015 (173d late, filed 11/04/2015) · 2015 (161d late, filed 10/23/2015) · 2015 (161d late, filed 10/23/2015).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":18,"maxDaysLate":187,"samples":[{"year":2014,"filingDate":"11/18/2014","daysLate":187,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a1d4f739-060a-48d2-a750-714ef9ecc65c/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"11/04/2015","daysLate":173,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/C29843B3-E00A-4055-9C26-DC4367CCFA4A/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"10/23/2015","daysLate":161,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae7041fa-e7d9-44e2-96b7-ba1eb280a0e3/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 3)"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"10/23/2015","daysLate":161,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/12fa890c-505e-43df-9bbe-8b9bb1c4d76d/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 2)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a1d4f739-060a-48d2-a750-714ef9ecc65c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/C29843B3-E00A-4055-9C26-DC4367CCFA4A/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ae7041fa-e7d9-44e2-96b7-ba1eb280a0e3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P101_S000033_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$148,750 disclosed) — top: Penguin Random House LLC","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $148,750 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Penguin Random House LLC (Royalties, $148,750.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":148750,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Penguin Random House LLC Alexandria, VA","amount":"$148,750.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_S000033","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $173M across 16 cycles","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's FEC-bulk record shows $172.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":172.64,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4VT00033"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4VT00033/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_S000033","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's PAC funding concentrates 58% in Finance ($0.84M / $1.44M classified)","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's PAC donors concentrate 58% in the Finance industry — $0.84M of $1.44M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.84M · Technology $0.55M · Labor $0.04M · Agriculture $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.84,"totalPacAmountM":1.44,"concentrationPct":57.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.84,"Technology":0.55,"Labor":0.04,"Agriculture":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4VT00033/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S000033","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 20 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":20}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_S000033","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,164 sponsored, 7,847 cosponsored","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's congress.gov record shows 1,164 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1164,"cosponsoredCount":7847,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/bernard-sanders/S000033","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_S000033","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 7,847 cosponsored, 1,164 sponsored","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's congress.gov record shows 7,847 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":7847,"sponsoredCount":1164,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/bernard-sanders/S000033","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_S000033_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 34 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 34 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":34,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73212fa2-e326-4793-8020-1d126e59054c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_VT_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VT delegation: Bernard “Bernie” Sanders & Peter Welch both flagged on 7 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from VT — Bernard “Bernie” Sanders and Peter Welch — are flagged on the same 7 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P10, P19, P71, P82, P87, P90, P93.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"VT","otherSenatorBid":"W000800","otherSenatorName":"Peter Welch","sharedDetectorCount":7,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P10","P19","P71","P82","P87","P90","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000033","https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000800"]},{"id":"P199_S000033","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($86.3M)","explanation":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $86.3M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":86320393,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4VT00033/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000571":[{"id":"P6_L000571_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$909,910 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Conservatives Fund","explanation":"Senate Conservatives Fund spent $909,910 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 215 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"Senate Conservatives Fund","support":909910.2500000001,"oppose":0,"events":215}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P61_L000571","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P68_L000571","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 10 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$10.5M","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 10 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $10,500,002.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Ranch owned by Lummis Livestock Company  (Farm/Ranch, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Sweetgrass Description: Sale of build-re (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Ranch land owned by Laramie River Ranch  (Farm/Ranch, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Wild Iris LLC Description: Commercial bu (Real Estate Commercial, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Equipoise LLC Description: Commercial bu (Real Estate Commercial, $500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":10,"totalEstMidpoint":10500002.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Ranch owned by Lummis Livestock Company Description: Grass and hay ranch (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"},{"name":"Sweetgrass Description: Sale of build-ready residential and commercial lots. (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"},{"name":"Ranch land owned by Laramie River Ranch LLC Description: Agriculture land leased for livestock grazing (Wheatland, WY)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"},{"name":"Wild Iris LLC Description: Commercial building owned by Wild Iris LLC (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"},{"name":"Equipoise LLC Description: Commercial buildings owned by Equipoise LLC (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_L000571","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Officer at Arp & Hammond Hardware Co. Cheyenne, WY","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Arp & Hammond Hardware Co. Cheyenne, WY (Corporation); Trustee at Doran A. Lummis Revokable Trust Cheyenne, WY (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2004 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Arp & Hammond Hardware Co. Cheyenne, WY","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"May 2019 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Doran A. Lummis Revokable Trust Cheyenne, WY","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_L000571","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$92,400 in outside earned income — top source: Lummis Livestock Company Cheyenne, WY ($$72,000.00)","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $92,400 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Lummis Livestock Company Cheyenne, WY ($72,000.00, Member Draw); Wyoming State Employees Retirement System Cheyenne, WY ($20,400.00, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":92400,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Member Draw","source":"Lummis Livestock Company Cheyenne, WY","amount":"$72,000.00","amountNumeric":72000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"Wyoming State Employees Retirement System Cheyenne, WY","amount":"$20,400.00","amountNumeric":20400}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_L000571_2023","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 26 new ticker holdings in 2023 not present in prior PFD filings — including FPNIX, IGFFX, VGIIX, HLIPX, HLGEX, MQGIX","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 26 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FPNIX, IGFFX, VGIIX, HLIPX, HLGEX, MQGIX, RAIIX, TRAIX, PRVIX, RPIFX, VSMAX, VFIAX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2023,"count":26,"newTickers":["FPNIX","IGFFX","VGIIX","HLIPX","HLGEX","MQGIX","RAIIX","TRAIX","PRVIX","RPIFX","VSMAX","VFIAX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f0704cd-d3e7-45d2-b88e-e2eda38936c5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f0704cd-d3e7-45d2-b88e-e2eda38936c5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P79_L000571_2023","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 6 ticker holdings between 2022 and 2023 — including KO, DIS, LULU, MSFT, URI, QBT","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 ticker holdings present in the 2022 filing but absent in 2023. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: KO, DIS, LULU, MSFT, URI, QBT.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2022,2023],"count":6,"divestedTickers":["KO","DIS","LULU","MSFT","URI","QBT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f0704cd-d3e7-45d2-b88e-e2eda38936c5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9f0704cd-d3e7-45d2-b88e-e2eda38936c5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Arp & Hammond Hardware Company Company: Arp & Hammond Hardware Company (Cheyenne…","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Arp & Hammond Hardware Company Company: Arp & Hammond Hardwa.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Arp & Hammond Hardware Company Company: Arp & Hammond Hardware Company (Cheyenne, WY) Description: Real Estate","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_L000571_2021","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis filed 2 amendments to the 2021 Senate annual disclosure — 3 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Cynthia Lummis's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2021 report alone, with 3 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2021,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":3,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5a9f95fe-06e6-4abf-866f-d1d174e510e9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1c4c62a7-1497-4b30-8714-22eba226056b/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5a9f95fe-06e6-4abf-866f-d1d174e510e9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1c4c62a7-1497-4b30-8714-22eba226056b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cynthia Lummis discloses 7 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 7 unascertainable, 16% of 44 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 7 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 7 unascertainable) across 44 total reported assets — 16% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Lummis Livestock Company LLC Company: Lummis Livestock Company LLC (Cheyenne, WY) Description: Runs  (--) · Sweetgrass Land Co. LLC Company: Sweetgrass Land Co. LLC (Cheyenne, WY) Description: The sale of bui (--) · Laramie River Ranch LLC Company: Laramie River Ranch LLC (Wheatland, WY) Description: Owns agricultu (--) · D.A. Davidson Retirement Account (--) · D.A. Davidson Investment Account (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":7,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":7,"totalAssets":44,"opaqueRatio":0.159,"samples":[{"asset":"Lummis Livestock Company LLC Company: Lummis Livestock Company LLC (Cheyenne, WY) Description: Runs ","value":"--"},{"asset":"Sweetgrass Land Co. LLC Company: Sweetgrass Land Co. LLC (Cheyenne, WY) Description: The sale of bui","value":"--"},{"asset":"Laramie River Ranch LLC Company: Laramie River Ranch LLC (Wheatland, WY) Description: Owns agricultu","value":"--"},{"asset":"D.A. Davidson Retirement Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"D.A. Davidson Investment Account","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cynthia Lummis discloses 7 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 7 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Arp & Hammond Hardware Company Company: Arp & Hammond Hardwa · Sweetgrass Land Co. LLC Company: Sweetgrass Land Co. LLC (Ch · Sweetgrass Description: Sale of build-ready residential and  · Laramie River Ranch LLC Company: Laramie River Ranch LLC (Wh.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":7,"properties":[{"name":"Arp & Hammond Hardware Company Company: Arp & Hammond Hardware Company (Cheyenne, WY) Description: Real Estate","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Sweetgrass Land Co. LLC Company: Sweetgrass Land Co. LLC (Cheyenne, WY) Description: The sale of build-ready r","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Sweetgrass Description: Sale of build-ready residential and commercial lots. (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Laramie River Ranch LLC Company: Laramie River Ranch LLC (Wheatland, WY) Description: Owns agriculture land le","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Ranch land owned by Laramie River Ranch LLC Description: Agriculture land leased for livestock grazing (Wheatl","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Wild Iris LLC Description: Commercial building owned by Wild Iris LLC (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Equipoise LLC Description: Commercial buildings owned by Equipoise LLC (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P88_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 PFD: 4 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Arp & Hammond Hardware Company Company: Arp & Hammond Hardware Company (Cheyenne, WY) Description: R","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Ranch owned by Lummis Livestock Company Description: Grass and hay ranch (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Sweetgrass Description: Sale of build-ready residential and commercial lots. (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Ranch land owned by Laramie River Ranch LLC Description: Agriculture land leased for livestock grazi","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_L000571","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cynthia Lummis filed 2 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 221 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Cynthia Lummis has filed 2 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 221 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2022 (221d late, filed 12/22/2022) · 2025 (85d late, filed 08/08/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":2,"maxDaysLate":221,"samples":[{"year":2022,"filingDate":"12/22/2022","daysLate":221,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/12ba9d39-339c-4922-8a2a-f7dd52635fae/","title":"Blind Trust"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/08/2025","daysLate":85,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/12ba9d39-339c-4922-8a2a-f7dd52635fae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P97_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P97_PFD_BLIND_TRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 PFD references a Qualified Blind Trust — transparency-positive (rare among senators)","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references a Qualified Blind Trust (QBT). A QBT removes the senator's discretion over individual asset-management decisions for the trust assets — they cannot direct purchases or sales, and they receive only summary balance information without knowing the underlying holdings. This is the strongest available recusal mechanism short of full divestiture. Setting up a QBT is rare (fewer than 10 of 100 senators historically) and requires Senate Ethics Committee approval of trust documents and trustees. This finding is transparency-positive — the inverse of the dozens of conflict-pattern flags above. Journalists should still verify the scope of the trust (does it cover all reportable assets, or just a subset?) and check for any reportable transactions outside the trust. Reference: 2 | Qualified Blind Trust | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | $500,001 - $1,000,000 | Qualified Blind Trust | None (or less than $201)","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_blind_trust","year":"2025","mention":"2 | Qualified Blind Trust | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | $500,001 - $1,000,000 | Qualified Blind Trust | None (or less than $201)","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/qualifiedblindtrust"]},{"id":"P103_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2025 PFD — top: Officer · Arp & Hammond Hardware","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Officer · Arp & Hammond Hardware (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Arp & Hammond Hardware Co. Cheyenne, WY","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 2004 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 PFD lists 3 entities bearing the surname \"Lummis\" — top: Lummis Livestock Company LLC Company:","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 3 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Lummis\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Lummis Livestock Company LLC Company: (asset) · Ranch owned by Lummis Livestock (asset) · Doran A. Lummis Revokable Trust (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Lummis","count":3,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Lummis Livestock Company LLC Company: Lummis Livestock Company LLC (Cheyenne, WY) Description: Runs ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Ranch owned by Lummis Livestock Company Description: Grass and hay ranch (Cheyenne, WY)","type":"Farm/Ranch"},{"source":"position","entry":"Doran A. Lummis Revokable Trust Cheyenne, WY","position":"Trustee"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P135_L000571","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis's earliest disclosed PFD (2020) shows $9.5M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2020) shows total assets of $9.5M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 11; earned-income on first filing: $150,800.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2020","totalAssetMid":9496505,"assetCount":11,"earnedIncome":150800,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/06713850-24c2-426f-a150-dc6e1b6a8745/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/06713850-24c2-426f-a150-dc6e1b6a8745/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_L000571","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.1M PAC / $11.4M total)","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.1M of $11.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.07,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.44,"pacSharePct":35.6,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"S0WY00137"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0WY00137/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_L000571","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cynthia Lummis's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P162_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 44 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 44 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":44,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P193_L000571_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis — 28 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's 2025 Senate PFD shows 28 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":28,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b99b0faa-5189-4914-9258-3000419446f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_L000571","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Lummis — DW-NOMINATE 0.69 vs WY delegation mean 0.53 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Cynthia Lummis's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.69) is 1.5 standard deviations from the WY delegation mean (0.53). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"WY","memberScore":0.685,"delegationMean":0.532,"zscore":"1.51"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000344":[{"id":"P6_S000344_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,525,634 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,525,634 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1525634,"oppose":0,"events":16},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_S000344_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$560,200 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $560,200 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":560200,"oppose":0,"events":4},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P9_S000344_vb1fdp","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$101,895 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $101,895 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":101895.02000000002,"oppose":0,"net":101895.02000000002,"events":37,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":100043.34999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":550.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":300.18,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":293.78000000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004403","name":"SOUTHWEST REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":261.65,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S000344_sm38tg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,356,036 / spent $2,209,204","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00361410","cmteName":"SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FUND","year":"2010","totalReceipts":169140,"totalDisbursements":156128.8,"cashOnHand":49022.12},{"cmteId":"C00361410","cmteName":"SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":155299,"totalDisbursements":182089.8,"cashOnHand":22231.33},{"cmteId":"C00361410","cmteName":"SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":166500,"totalDisbursements":149059.4,"cashOnHand":39671.94},{"cmteId":"C00361410","cmteName":"SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FUND","year":"2016","totalReceipts":203102.9,"totalDisbursements":188768.7,"cashOnHand":54006.13},{"cmteId":"C00361410","cmteName":"SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FUND","year":"2018","totalReceipts":204175.6,"totalDisbursements":203590.3,"cashOnHand":54591.38}],"totalRaised":2356035.9,"totalSpent":2209203.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S000344_vpbprx","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $1,073,314 in itemized individual contributions, $987,503 (92%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1073314,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-2050,"$200.01-$499":7461,"$500-$999":20500,"$1000-$1999":59900,"$2000 and over":987503},"megaShare":92,"smallDonorShare":-0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S000344_kxl655","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brad Sherman campaign paid $2,445,074 to 34 surname-matched vendors, top: SHERMAN, BRAD M","explanation":"Brad Sherman's campaign paid 62 disbursements totaling $2,445,074 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHERMAN, BRAD M","total":769262.58,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"SHERMAN, BRAD M","amount":250000,"date":"2005-11-10","description":"LOAN PAYMENT (PRINCIPAL)","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"SHERMAN, BRAD M","amount":150000,"date":"2003-04-22","description":"LOAN PAYMENT (PRINCIPAL)","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"SHERMAN, BRAD M","amount":140000,"date":"2004-05-04","description":"DEBT RETIREMENT: SEE SCH.D","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHERMAN, BRAD J.","total":750000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SHERMAN, BRAD J.","amount":250000,"date":"2022-06-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SHERMAN, BRAD J.","amount":250000,"date":"2022-06-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SHERMAN, BRAD J.","amount":250000,"date":"2022-03-18","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHERMAN, CINDY","total":215000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SHERMAN, CINDY","amount":75000,"date":"2016-09-12","description":"ARTWORK","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SHERMAN, CINDY","amount":60000,"date":"2020-01-09","description":"IN-KIND - ARTWORK","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SHERMAN, CINDY","amount":60000,"date":"2020-10-01","description":"ARTWORK","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHERMAN COUNTY BANK","total":110820.15,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SHERMAN COUNTY BANK","amount":59985,"date":"2008-12-05","description":"REPAYMENT OF OTHER LOAN","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SHERMAN COUNTY BANK","amount":14200,"date":"2009-04-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SHERMAN COUNTY BANK","amount":10745.15,"date":"2009-04-21","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHERMAN, IRENE","total":99000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SHERMAN, IRENE","amount":99000,"date":"2024-09-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHERMAN, BRUCE","total":58550,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SHERMAN, BRUCE","amount":58550,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"sherman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SHERMAN"]},{"id":"P58_S000344","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 98% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Brad Sherman received $101,895.02 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($100,043.35 = 98%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":101895.02000000002,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":550.68,"2012":83365.98999999999,"2014":357.96000000000004,"2016":528.98,"2018":411.03,"2020":7271.379999999999,"2022":10011.359999999999},"corpCount":12},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":100043.34999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":550.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002761/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":300.18,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001227/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":293.78000000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001722/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004403","name":"SOUTHWEST REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":261.65,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004403/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S000344","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $256,447.33","explanation":"Brad Sherman received campaign contributions totaling $256,447.33 from 34 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 32 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($24,647.33); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); STRUCTURED FINANCE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":34,"totalDollars":256447.33000000002,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITED STATES TREASURY","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":24647.33,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"STRUCTURED FINANCE COALITION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (STRUCTURED FINANCE PAC)","ldaClient":"STRUCTURED FINANCE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S000344","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brad Sherman's campaign paid $423,428 to 23 surname-matched vendors — top: SHERMAN, CINDY ($155,000)","explanation":"Brad Sherman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $423,428 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SHERMAN, CINDY ($155,000 across 3 payments, services: ARTWORK · INKIND: ART). Cycles covered: 2016, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":423428.24000000005,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":23,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SHERMAN, CINDY","total":155000,"count":3,"descriptions":["ARTWORK","INKIND: ART"]},{"payee":"NICK SHERMAN FOR COUNTY COMMISSIONER","total":25000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"SHERMAN, CINDY M.","total":20000,"count":1,"descriptions":["ARTWORK"]},{"payee":"PRYOR,CASHMAN,SHERMAN&FLYNN","total":18000,"count":2,"descriptions":["BALANCE OF RETAINER","COMPLIANCE"]},{"payee":"SHERMAN JAMES PRODUCTION","total":17500,"count":2,"descriptions":["ENTERTAINMENT","FUNDRAISERS-ENTERTAINMENT"]}],"surname":"sherman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6CA24113&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_S000344","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brad Sherman ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.2M across 32 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Brad Sherman's FEC-bulk record shows $18.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 32 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $52.8M (PAC: $18.2M, individual: $25.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.81,"lifetimeIndividualM":25.7,"cycleCount":32,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6CA24113"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA24113/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S000344","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brad Sherman draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.2M PAC / $52.8M total)","explanation":"Brad Sherman's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.2M of $52.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.81,"pacSharePct":34.5,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H6CA24113"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA24113/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_S000344","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brad Sherman ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,344 cosponsored, 227 sponsored","explanation":"Brad Sherman's congress.gov record shows 5,344 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5344,"sponsoredCount":227,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/brad-sherman/S000344","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"C001136":[{"id":"P6_C001136_th8grf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$274,265 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC. spent $274,265 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00831404","name":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","support":274264.85,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831404/"]},{"id":"P10_C001136_cpudx9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,661,009 / spent $1,660,204","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00409458","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A NEW AMERICA PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":62000,"totalDisbursements":59578.2,"cashOnHand":5185.76},{"cmteId":"C00409458","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A NEW AMERICA PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":119000,"totalDisbursements":104959.5,"cashOnHand":19226.29},{"cmteId":"C00409458","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A NEW AMERICA PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":321200,"totalDisbursements":311247,"cashOnHand":29179.34},{"cmteId":"C00409458","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A NEW AMERICA PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":440500,"totalDisbursements":456743.9,"cashOnHand":12935.46},{"cmteId":"C00409458","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A NEW AMERICA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":585058.7,"totalDisbursements":567859.4,"cashOnHand":30134.75}],"totalRaised":1661008.7,"totalSpent":1660203.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001136_m38nuq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,550 donation spike on 2024-02-12 — 15.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-02-12 this committee recorded $78,550 across 28 contributions — 15.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,187.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00859496","date":"2024-02-12","amount":78550,"count":28,"baseline":5187,"ratio":15.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859496/"]},{"id":"P19_C001136_9bc81o","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Herbert Conaway campaign paid $156,589 to 20 surname-matched vendors, top: MONTOYA, ENZO","explanation":"Herbert Conaway's campaign paid 25 disbursements totaling $156,589 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MONTOYA, ENZO","total":19603.02,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MONTOYA, ENZO","amount":11418.18,"date":"2024-12-06","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MONTOYA, ENZO","amount":8184.84,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"PEOPLE CENTER 12/19D: SALARY","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CONAWAY, K MICHAEL","total":17500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CONAWAY, K MICHAEL","amount":17500,"date":"2004-08-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"conaway","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CONAWAY, K. MICHAEL HON.","total":15000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CONAWAY, K. MICHAEL HON.","amount":15000,"date":"2006-11-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"conaway","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"REGINA MONTOYA FOR MAYOR","total":13500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA FOR MAYOR","amount":5000,"date":"2019-02-28","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA FOR MAYOR","amount":5000,"date":"2019-04-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA FOR MAYOR","amount":3500,"date":"2019-04-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EFO COOK, CONAWAY & SINGLETON","total":12500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"EFO COOK, CONAWAY & SINGLETON","amount":12500,"date":"2011-10-26","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"conaway","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"REGINA MONTOYA COGGINS FOR CONGRES","total":10000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA COGGINS FOR CONGRES","amount":5000,"date":"2000-11-03","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2000},{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA COGGINS FOR CONGRES","amount":5000,"date":"2000-03-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2000}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MONTOYA"]},{"id":"P62_C001136","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $78,550 on 2024-02-12 (15.1× normal)","explanation":"Herbert Conaway's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $78,550 on 2024-02-12 — 15.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":78550,"maxRatio":15.1,"maxAmount":78550},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-02-12","amount":78550,"ratio":15.1,"baselineDaily":5187,"count":28,"cmteId":"C00859496","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00859496&min_date=2024-02-12&max_date=2024-02-12"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859496/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00859496&min_date=2024-02-12&max_date=2024-02-12"]},{"id":"P90_C001136","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Herbert Conaway's campaign paid $32,983 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: EFO COOK, CONAWAY & SINGLETON ($12,500)","explanation":"Herbert Conaway's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $32,983 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: EFO COOK, CONAWAY & SINGLETON ($12,500 across 1 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":32983.25,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"EFO COOK, CONAWAY & SINGLETON","total":12500,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"CONAWAY, SUZANNE MRS.","total":5483.25,"count":1,"descriptions":["MIDLAND COUNTRY CLUB EVENT"]},{"payee":"CONAWAY, MICHAEL HONORABLE","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MIKE CONAWAY FOR US CONGRESS","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MIKE CONAWAY FOR US CONGRESS, MIKE REP.","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"conaway"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NJ03080&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001136","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Herbert Conaway draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.8M PAC / $4.4M total)","explanation":"Herbert Conaway's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.8M of $4.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.36,"pacSharePct":40.2,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H4NJ03080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NJ03080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P152_C001136","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Herbert Conaway operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.7M combined receipts)","explanation":"Herbert Conaway operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.7M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A NEW AMERICA PAC (C00409458) · DOCTOR'S ORDERS (C00894022).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":1.66,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00409458","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR A NEW AMERICA PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00894022","cmteName":"DOCTOR'S ORDERS"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00409458/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00894022/"]}],"C001120":[{"id":"P6_C001120_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,028,263 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $1,028,263 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":1028262.69,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P6_C001120_tiauqu","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$824,510 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FIGHT TO WIN AMERICA, INC.","explanation":"FIGHT TO WIN AMERICA, INC. spent $824,510 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00813089","name":"FIGHT TO WIN AMERICA, INC.","support":824510,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00813089/"]},{"id":"P6_C001120_udjr5j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$275,750 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Patriots PAC","explanation":"American Patriots PAC spent $275,750 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00668905","name":"American Patriots PAC","support":275750,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668905/"]},{"id":"P7_C001120_qfg5wj","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,432,846 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,432,846 opposing this member across 126 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1432845.92,"totalSupport":2765201.8500000006,"events":126,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CONSERVATIVE RESULTS MATTER","oppose":719957.65},{"name":"ALAMO FREEDOM FIGHTERS PAC","oppose":408612},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":245015},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":40333},{"name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND)","oppose":17993.2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001120_w22sn5","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$24,295 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $24,295 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":24294.87,"oppose":0,"net":24294.87,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":23755.61,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":288.78,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":234.04,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":16.44,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001120_f7v404","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,157,802 / spent $1,114,312","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00686816","cmteName":"AMERICA RELOADED","year":"2018","totalReceipts":67500,"totalDisbursements":41775.3,"cashOnHand":25724.74},{"cmteId":"C00686816","cmteName":"AMERICA RELOADED","year":"2020","totalReceipts":405239.8,"totalDisbursements":367885,"cashOnHand":63079.47},{"cmteId":"C00686816","cmteName":"AMERICA RELOADED","year":"2022","totalReceipts":363164.5,"totalDisbursements":412045.8,"cashOnHand":14198.18},{"cmteId":"C00686816","cmteName":"AMERICA RELOADED","year":"2024","totalReceipts":195561.9,"totalDisbursements":196341,"cashOnHand":13419.14},{"cmteId":"C00686816","cmteName":"AMERICA RELOADED","year":"2026","totalReceipts":126335.3,"totalDisbursements":96265.3,"cashOnHand":43489.09}],"totalRaised":1157801.5,"totalSpent":1114312.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001120_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"54408 employees of NONE gave $7,143,395 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 54408× NONE = $7,143,395. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":54408,"total":7143395,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001120_4xalys","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$122,198 donation spike on 2021-02-26 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-02-26 this committee recorded $122,198 across 122 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,489.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660795","date":"2021-02-26","amount":122198,"count":122,"baseline":10489,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660795/"]},{"id":"P15_C001120_9r3o88","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,236 donation spike on 2022-02-10 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-10 this committee recorded $115,236 across 1177 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,458.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660795","date":"2022-02-10","amount":115236,"count":1177,"baseline":14458,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660795/"]},{"id":"P15_C001120_4x9z14","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,361 donation spike on 2021-03-01 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-01 this committee recorded $102,361 across 97 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,082.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660795","date":"2021-03-01","amount":102361,"count":97,"baseline":14082,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660795/"]},{"id":"P15_C001120_214oii","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,580 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $71,580 across 60 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,906.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660795","date":"2018-09-30","amount":71580,"count":60,"baseline":9906,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660795/"]},{"id":"P15_C001120_cn9lpj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,600 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $61,600 across 62 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,133.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660795","date":"2019-09-30","amount":61600,"count":62,"baseline":10133,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660795/"]},{"id":"P17_C001120_BA_2020-03-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-25 and 2020-03-27, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on BA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-03-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"R000307","name":"Pat Roberts"},{"bioguideId":"C001120","name":"Dan Crenshaw"}],"span":"2020-03-25 to 2020-03-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001120_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Crenshaw executed 12 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2022-10-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-10-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-10-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2022-10-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Direct Investment Surveys: BE-13, Survey of New Foreign Direct Investment in the United States","agency":"Commerce Department, Economic Analysis Bureau","date":"2022-09-29"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Direct Investment Surveys: BE-13, Survey of New Foreign Direct Investment in the United States","agency":"Commerce Department, Economic Analysis Bureau","date":"2022-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001120_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Crenshaw executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2022-01-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-03-27","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2021-12-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Defense and Space S.A. (Formerly Known as Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A.) Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-02-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001120_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Crenshaw executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2022-01-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Internal Personnel Rules and Practices of the NTSB; Corrections","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2021-12-30"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Exclusion of Demurrage Regulation From Certain Class Exemptions","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001120_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dan Crenshaw executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2021-03-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Discretionary Review by the Secretary of Labor","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Labor Department, Office of the Secretary of Labor","date":"2021-02-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Veterinary Accreditation Program","agency":"Agriculture Department, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","date":"2020-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_C001120_1mn","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2022-01-20","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_C001120","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"24% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 33 disclosed trades, 8 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.8× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":8,"total":33,"rate":24.2},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.76}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001120","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001120_SPXC_20210305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SPXC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw sell $SPXC 2 days after a corporate insider (Reilly Michael Andrew  (CIK 0001362469)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPXC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPXC","filer":"Reilly Michael Andrew  (CIK 0001362469)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001179110-21-002673","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001120_GOOG_20221025","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw buy $GOOG 1 day before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2022-10-26","adsh":"0001209191-22-054677"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001120_META_20221025","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $META 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw buy $META 2 days before a corporate insider (Lambert Anne Barber  (CIK 0001886866)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Lambert Anne Barber  (CIK 0001886866)","filingDate":"2022-10-27","adsh":"0000899243-22-034334"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001120_TSLA_20211116","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw sell $TSLA 3 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-11-19","adsh":"0001771364-21-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001120_TSLA_20211229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw sell $TSLA 6 days before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001771364-22-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001120_LUV_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LUV 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw buy $LUV 8 days before a corporate insider (BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC  (BRK-A, BRK-B)  (CIK 0001067983)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LUV","filer":"BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC  (BRK-A, BRK-B)  (CIK 0001067983)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023268"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001120_HTZ_20200326","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HTZ 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw buy $HTZ 8 days before a corporate insider (Esper Richard Eric  (CIK 0001759321)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HTZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HTZ","filer":"Esper Richard Eric  (CIK 0001759321)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001657853-20-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P62_C001120","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $122,198 on 2021-02-26 (11.6× normal)","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $122,198 on 2021-02-26 — 11.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":122198,"maxRatio":11.6,"maxAmount":122198},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-02-26","amount":122198,"ratio":11.6,"baselineDaily":10489,"count":122,"cmteId":"C00660795","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00660795&min_date=2021-02-26&max_date=2021-02-26"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660795/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00660795&min_date=2021-02-26&max_date=2021-02-26"]},{"id":"P78_C001120","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 28 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 28 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (6); daily donation spike (5); reg rule trade proximity (4); ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":28,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001120","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_C001120","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Crenshaw named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Dan Crenshaw","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-dan-0/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Dan Crenshaw","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-dan/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-dan-0/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-dan/"]},{"id":"P109_C001120","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Crenshaw named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($8.6M total receipts) — top: DAN CRENSHAW VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $8.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: DAN CRENSHAW VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00694810, $8.6M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":8.6,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00694810","name":"DAN CRENSHAW VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":8601335.64,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00694810/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00694810/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00694810/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_C001120","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Crenshaw ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $88M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw's FEC-bulk record shows $88.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":88.16,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8TX02166"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX02166/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_C001120","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Crenshaw executed 4 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL TSLA (3d apart)","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw has 4 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL TSLA 2021-11-09 → 2021-11-12 (3d) · SELL→BUY TSLA 2021-11-12 → 2021-11-12 (0d) · BUY→SELL TSLA 2021-11-12 → 2021-11-16 (4d) · BUY→SELL RIVN 2021-12-14 → 2021-12-23 (9d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":4,"samples":[{"ticker":"TSLA","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-09","date2":"2021-11-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-11-12","date2":"2021-11-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-12","date2":"2021-11-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RIVN","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-12-14","date2":"2021-12-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_C001120","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Crenshaw — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (33/33)","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":33,"atBracket":33,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_C001120","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Crenshaw — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($44.1M)","explanation":"Dan Crenshaw is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $44.1M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":44077536,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX02166/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000467":[{"id":"P6_T000467_uu64mv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,676,119 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Restoration PAC","explanation":"Restoration PAC spent $1,676,119 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571588","name":"Restoration PAC","support":1676118.8,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571588/"]},{"id":"P6_T000467_uwv9m2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$902,664 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Conservatives Action","explanation":"Senate Conservatives Action spent $902,664 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 28 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00524181","name":"Senate Conservatives Action","support":902664.32,"oppose":0,"events":28}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00524181/"]},{"id":"P6_T000467_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$320,325 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Conservatives Fund","explanation":"Senate Conservatives Fund spent $320,325 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 52 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"Senate Conservatives Fund","support":320324.7199999999,"oppose":0,"events":52}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P9_T000467_4jaypj","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$30,792 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $30,792 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":30792.41,"oppose":0,"net":30792.41,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":27589.45,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003314","name":"PENNSYLVANIA STATE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":2285,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":551.05,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":366.91,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000467_4pk5yb","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Glenn Thompson campaign paid $27,950,065 to 20 surname-matched vendors, top: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","explanation":"Glenn Thompson's campaign paid 101 disbursements totaling $27,950,065 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","total":10822229.170000002,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":1700000,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":864248.31,"date":"2010-10-07","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":859119,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","total":4672766.37,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":459000,"date":"2024-10-03","description":"NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":345107.24,"date":"2008-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":323996.96,"date":"2008-10-22","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","total":3277861.97,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":603547.77,"date":"2023-04-25","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":402936.43,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":382794.57,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","total":2359780,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":398923,"date":"2022-07-05","description":"MEDIA BUY-TV, DIGITAL,RADIO,CABLE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":375919,"date":"2022-06-14","description":"MEDIA BUY ON TV","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":326650,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","total":2097975,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":876523,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":797202,"date":"2016-10-17","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":240000,"date":"2016-08-26","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TENNESSEANS FOR THOMPSON '96","total":821385,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TENNESSEANS FOR THOMPSON '96","amount":821385,"date":"1997-12-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THOMPSON%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P90_T000467","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Glenn Thompson's campaign paid $5,483,820 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS ($4,672,766)","explanation":"Glenn Thompson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $5,483,820 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS ($4,672,766 across 25 payments, services: NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING · MEDIA BUYS · MEDIA PURCHASE). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5483820.08,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","total":4672766.37,"count":25,"descriptions":["NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUYS","MEDIA PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"DAVID J THOMPSON MAILING CORP.","total":495412.20999999996,"count":2,"descriptions":["POSTAGE"]},{"payee":"JILL LONG THOMPSON","total":200000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIB IN GOVERNOR'S RACE"]},{"payee":"THOMPSON RYER STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS","total":115641.5,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRINTING - STICKERS"]}],"surname":"thompson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8PA05071&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_T000467","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Glenn Thompson draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.2M PAC / $31.1M total)","explanation":"Glenn Thompson's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.2M of $31.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.22,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.13,"pacSharePct":45.7,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8PA05071"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA05071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001261":[{"id":"P6_B001261_teytbx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$947,440 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HIGH PLAINS PAC","explanation":"HIGH PLAINS PAC spent $947,440 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00875039","name":"HIGH PLAINS PAC","support":947440,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00875039/"]},{"id":"P10_B001261_bpgfzw","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $9,030,441 / spent $7,977,686","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00442368","cmteName":"COMMON VALUES PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":361415.9,"totalDisbursements":346302.3,"cashOnHand":17209.91},{"cmteId":"C00442368","cmteName":"COMMON VALUES PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":553237.1,"totalDisbursements":480201.7,"cashOnHand":90245.28},{"cmteId":"C00442368","cmteName":"COMMON VALUES PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":751026.3,"totalDisbursements":654489.1,"cashOnHand":186782.56},{"cmteId":"C00442368","cmteName":"COMMON VALUES PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1053638.9,"totalDisbursements":803953.4,"cashOnHand":436468.04},{"cmteId":"C00442368","cmteName":"COMMON VALUES PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":973854.6,"totalDisbursements":936294.4,"cashOnHand":474028.28}],"totalRaised":9030440.9,"totalSpent":7977686.399999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001261_x4jsly","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"78% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $1,378,403 in itemized individual contributions, $1,079,200 (78%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1378403,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1650,"$200.01-$499":16713,"$500-$999":65140,"$1000-$1999":219000,"$2000 and over":1079200},"megaShare":78.3,"smallDonorShare":-0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P71_B001261","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$60,000 in outside earned income — top source: IRA Distribution El Paso, TX ($$60,000.00)","explanation":"John Barrasso's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2021) reports $60,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: IRA Distribution El Paso, TX ($60,000.00, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2021","totalIncome":60000,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"IRA Distribution El Paso, TX","amount":"$60,000.00","amountNumeric":60000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ad59484e-58c5-47a6-b96d-a5da3ea36e96/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_B001261_2012","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Barrasso filed 4 amendments to the 2012 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John Barrasso's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2012 report alone, with 5 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2012,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/54237159-ACF6-4375-AC34-75F8438FD6E2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2A9D38A0-2C5D-4945-A756-8620EB94C556/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/D4461DBA-7519-4B8D-95A8-97745F6EB53A/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/28B62BCA-888B-44E4-BD6E-2E092DFA4150/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/54237159-ACF6-4375-AC34-75F8438FD6E2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2A9D38A0-2C5D-4945-A756-8620EB94C556/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P88_B001261_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Barrasso's 2025 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — VBTLX, VWENX","explanation":"John Barrasso's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: VBTLX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · VWENX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VBTLX","asset":"VBTLX - Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Adm","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"VWENX","asset":"VWENX - Vanguard Wellington Fund Admiral Shares","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a90bea5-c762-4ccb-983f-db68a76b1e15/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a90bea5-c762-4ccb-983f-db68a76b1e15/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_B001261_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Barrasso owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Home","explanation":"John Barrasso's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Other (Mortgage-Refinance) ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.25% (7 yr Arm) from Wells Fargo Home.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Other (Mortgage-Refinance)","rate":"3.25% (7 yr Arm)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Home Mortgage Des Moines, IA","incurred":"2019"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a90bea5-c762-4ccb-983f-db68a76b1e15/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a90bea5-c762-4ccb-983f-db68a76b1e15/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P110_B001261","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Barrasso's PFD net worth grew 2.2× in 10 years — 2015 $4.47M → 2025 $9.90M (CAGR 8.3%)","explanation":"John Barrasso's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $4.47M in 2015 to $9.90M in 2025 — a 2.2× increase over 10 years (compound annual growth rate: 8.3%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 10-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2015","earliestNetWorthM":4.47,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":9.9,"growthFactor":2.21,"yearsCovered":10,"cagrPct":8.27,"filingCount":12,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a90bea5-c762-4ccb-983f-db68a76b1e15/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dce75503-f37d-461e-907b-bc016bcdb267/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a90bea5-c762-4ccb-983f-db68a76b1e15/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dce75503-f37d-461e-907b-bc016bcdb267/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_B001261","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Barrasso's earliest disclosed PFD (2015) shows $5.2M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"John Barrasso's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2015) shows total assets of $5.2M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 18; earned-income on first filing: $19,625.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2015","totalAssetMid":5222108,"assetCount":18,"earnedIncome":19625,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dce75503-f37d-461e-907b-bc016bcdb267/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dce75503-f37d-461e-907b-bc016bcdb267/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_B001261","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Barrasso ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.6M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"John Barrasso's FEC-bulk record shows $21.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $54.3M (PAC: $21.6M, individual: $25.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":54.33,"lifetimeIndividualM":25.88,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6WY00068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6WY00068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_B001261","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Barrasso draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($21.6M PAC / $54.3M total)","explanation":"John Barrasso's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($21.6M of $54.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":21.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":54.33,"pacSharePct":39.8,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"S6WY00068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6WY00068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P151_B001261","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Barrasso operates leadership PAC with $9.0M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: COMMON VALUES PAC","explanation":"John Barrasso operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $9.0M and disbursements of $8.0M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: COMMON VALUES PAC (C00442368). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":9.03,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.98,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00442368","cmteName":"COMMON VALUES PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00442368/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_B001261","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Barrasso's leadership PAC disbursed $8.0M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"John Barrasso's leadership PAC disbursed $8.0M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: COMMON VALUES PAC (C00442368).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":7.98,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00442368","cmteName":"COMMON VALUES PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00442368/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_B001261","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Barrasso ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 700 sponsored, 2,432 cosponsored","explanation":"John Barrasso's congress.gov record shows 700 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":700,"cosponsoredCount":2432,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/john-barrasso/B001261","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P160_B001261_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Barrasso's 2025 PFD shows 3 broad-market index funds (60% of 5 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"John Barrasso's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 of 5 ticker holdings (60%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: VTSAX, VBTLX, VWENX.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":3,"totalTickers":5,"ratio":0.6,"broadTickers":["VTSAX","VBTLX","VWENX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a90bea5-c762-4ccb-983f-db68a76b1e15/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a90bea5-c762-4ccb-983f-db68a76b1e15/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"K000367":[{"id":"P6_K000367_ty5j7n","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,835,176 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from KITCHEN TABLE CONVERSATIONS PAC","explanation":"KITCHEN TABLE CONVERSATIONS PAC spent $3,835,176 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00738831","name":"KITCHEN TABLE CONVERSATIONS PAC","support":3835176,"oppose":0,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00738831/"]},{"id":"P9_K000367_v8bc58","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,023 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $61,023 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":61023.16,"oppose":0,"net":61023.16,"events":17,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":15873.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13211.77,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":13131.359999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":9018.970000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001060","name":"EDUCATION MINNESOTA","support":8350.5,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000367_odfk9y","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $5,115,684 / spent $5,093,385","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00431874","cmteName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","year":"2010","totalReceipts":433300,"totalDisbursements":454937.5,"cashOnHand":24217.47},{"cmteId":"C00431874","cmteName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":320152,"totalDisbursements":342342.7,"cashOnHand":2026.8},{"cmteId":"C00431874","cmteName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":630316.5,"totalDisbursements":552612.7,"cashOnHand":79730.64},{"cmteId":"C00431874","cmteName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","year":"2016","totalReceipts":637725,"totalDisbursements":671732.5,"cashOnHand":45723.17},{"cmteId":"C00431874","cmteName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","year":"2018","totalReceipts":693892.4,"totalDisbursements":680642.1,"cashOnHand":58973.47}],"totalRaised":5115684.2,"totalSpent":5093385.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_K000367_fxvnay","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"88% of itemized donations from outside MN","explanation":"Only $3,021,723 of $25,314,285 itemized individual contributions came from MN. The rest — $22,292,562 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"MN","homeStateTotal":3021723,"outOfStateTotal":22292562,"outOfStateShare":88.1,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":1678343},{"stateZip3":"DC200","amount":563413},{"stateZip3":"CA941","amount":495037},{"stateZip3":"MD208","amount":475967},{"stateZip3":"IL606","amount":442833}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000367_blexiv","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Amy Klobuchar campaign paid $8,258,136 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's campaign paid 96 disbursements totaling $8,258,136 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA","total":7372071.8100000005,"count":83,"samples":[{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA","amount":811289.77,"date":"2020-04-01","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"klobuchar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA","amount":500000,"date":"2023-06-27","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"klobuchar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA","amount":400000,"date":"2020-09-16","description":"TRANSFER OF EXCESS PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY FUNDS","surnameMatched":"klobuchar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA 2012","total":863515.31,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA 2012","amount":212000,"date":"2008-04-15","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTHORIZED COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"klobuchar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA 2012","amount":200100,"date":"2007-12-01","description":"TRANSFER TO AUTHORIZED COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"klobuchar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA 2012","amount":88000,"date":"2011-03-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"klobuchar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MN","total":22549,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MN","amount":22549,"date":"2022-03-05","description":"TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"klobuchar","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KLOBUCHAR%20FOR%20MINNESOTA"]},{"id":"P25_K000367_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"87% of PAC dollars ($3,193,467) come from Party industry","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":3193466.51,"share":87.2,"totalPAC":3662219.78,"pacCount":45},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":3193466.51,"share":87.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":163378.99,"share":4.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":139152.47999999998,"share":3.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":79821.8,"share":2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_K000367_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00841825","name":"SENATE VICTORY 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00834044","name":"JUSTICE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00832113","name":"BLUE SENATE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00831255","name":"WOMEN SENATORS MAKING HISTORY","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_K000367_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KLOBUCHAR, Amy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"James D. Maxwell II, of Mississippi, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"James D. Maxwell II, of Mississippi, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"William J. Crain, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the Easte"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"William J. Crain, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the Easte"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":635,"date":"2025-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Robert P. Chamberlin, of Mississippi, to be United States District Judge for the"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000367","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_K000367","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$61K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 26% from INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar received $61,023.16 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS ($15,873.95 = 26%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":61023.16,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":18681.129999999997,"2014":124.95,"2018":15873.95,"2024":26343.13},"corpCount":9},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":15873.95,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13211.77,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":13131.359999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":9018.970000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001060","name":"EDUCATION MINNESOTA","support":8350.5,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001060/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_K000367","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $55,000","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar received campaign contributions totaling $55,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: USA RICE FEDERATION ($5,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($5,000); WINE & SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA ($5,000); BOONE & CROCKETT CLUB ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":55000,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC","ldaClient":"USA RICE FEDERATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WINE & SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA","ldaClient":"WINE & SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"BOONE AND CROCKETT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"BOONE & CROCKETT CLUB","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P69_K000367","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $1.4M in personal liabilities (63% leverage of assets) — 15 liability items","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,435,007 in personal liabilities against $2,272,513.5 in assets — a 63.1% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.4M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Spouse; Spouse. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1435007,"totalAssetMid":2272513.5,"leverageRatio":63.1,"liabCount":15,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"1 · 2021 · Spouse · Mortgage · 0 · 2.375% (15 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · TruStone Financial Credit Union Minneapolis, MN · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"2 · 2021 · Spouse · Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan) · - · 5% (5 years) · $10,001 - $15,000 · Northwestern Mutual Milwaukee, WI · Loan from variable life insurance policy"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"3 · 2022 · Spouse · Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan) · - · 5% (4 years) · $10,001 - $15,000 · Northwestern Mutual Milwaukee, WI · Loan from variable life insurance policy"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"4 · 2023 · Spouse · Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan (Dec. 12, 2023)) · - · 5% (5 years) · $15,001 - $50,000 · Northwestern Mutual Milwaukee, WI · Loan from variable life insurance policy"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_K000367_2019","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 8 new ticker holdings in 2019 not present in prior PFD filings — including IWGAX, FAIGX, FAGOX, FAERX, FEIRX, FAEGX","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 8 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: IWGAX, FAIGX, FAGOX, FAERX, FEIRX, FAEGX, FTBRX, SIUSX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2019,"count":8,"newTickers":["IWGAX","FAIGX","FAGOX","FAERX","FEIRX","FAEGX","FTBRX","SIUSX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f78fe529-cde4-48a9-9a1a-fc54143dffb6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f78fe529-cde4-48a9-9a1a-fc54143dffb6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_K000367","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 13 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 13 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); out of state concentration (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":13,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000367","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P87_K000367_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 PFD: 28 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (93% of 30 reported assets)","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 28 reported holdings owned by Spouse (26), Joint (2), or Dependent (0) — 93% of 30 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: QCBMIX - CREF Core Bond Account - R3 · Spouse: TCLFX - TIAA-CREF Lifecycle 2025 Retirement · Joint: United States Senate Federal Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Certificate of  · Spouse: Wells Fargo (Minneapolis, MN) Type: Checking.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":26,"Joint":2,"Dependent":0,"Self":1},"totalAssets":30,"familyShare":0.933,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"QCBMIX - CREF Core Bond Account - R3","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"TCLFX - TIAA-CREF Lifecycle 2025 Retirement","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"United States Senate Federal Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Certificate of ","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Wells Fargo (Minneapolis, MN) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TruStone Financial (Minneapolis, MN) Type: Certificate of Deposit, Checking, IRA","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_K000367","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's campaign paid $591,738 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA ($569,189)","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 10 payments totaling $591,738 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA ($569,189 across 9 payments, services: JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS · CONTRIBUTION · TRAVEL EXPENSES). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":591737.5700000001,"paymentCount":10,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA","total":569188.5700000001,"count":9,"descriptions":["JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","CONTRIBUTION","TRAVEL EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"KLOBUCHAR FOR MN","total":22549,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRAVEL EXPENSES"]}],"surname":"klobuchar"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S6MN00267&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_K000367","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 83 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Amy Klobuchar has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 83 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (83d late, filed 08/06/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":83,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/06/2020","daysLate":83,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/87ca0280-127b-44f8-ad31-f2fb049faf01/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/87ca0280-127b-44f8-ad31-f2fb049faf01/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P101_K000367_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$982 disclosed) — top: Penguin Random House, LLC","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $982 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Penguin Random House, LLC (Royalties, $982.69).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":982,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Penguin Random House, LLC (c/o Bertelsmann Global Business Services) Westminster, MD","amount":"$982.69"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_K000367","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.5M total receipts) — top: AMY KLOBUCHAR VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: AMY KLOBUCHAR VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00628354, $5.5M receipts, treasurer GROEN, REBECCA). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.51,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00628354","name":"AMY KLOBUCHAR VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":5506659.99,"treasurer":"GROEN, REBECCA","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628354/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628354/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00628354/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_K000367","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Amy Klobuchar ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $110M across 16 cycles","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's FEC-bulk record shows $109.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":109.87,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6MN00267"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6MN00267/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_K000367","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's PAC funding concentrates 68% in Labor ($0.16M / $0.24M classified)","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's PAC donors concentrate 68% in the Labor industry — $0.16M of $0.24M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.16M · Technology $0.04M · Healthcare $0.01M · Energy $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.16,"totalPacAmountM":0.24,"concentrationPct":68.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.16,"Technology":0.04,"Healthcare":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6MN00267/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_K000367","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":21}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_K000367","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar operates leadership PAC with $5.1M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $5.1M and disbursements of $5.1M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND (C00431874). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":5.12,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.09,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00431874","cmteName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00431874/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_K000367","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's leadership PAC disbursed $5.1M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's leadership PAC disbursed $5.1M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND (C00431874).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.09,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00431874","cmteName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00431874/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_K000367","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Amy Klobuchar ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,410 sponsored, 5,562 cosponsored","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's congress.gov record shows 1,410 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1410,"cosponsoredCount":5562,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/amy-klobuchar/K000367","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_K000367","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Amy Klobuchar ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,562 cosponsored, 1,410 sponsored","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's congress.gov record shows 5,562 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5562,"sponsoredCount":1410,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/amy-klobuchar/K000367","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_K000367_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 PFD includes 3 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Wilmington Trust/Great Gray Trust T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 · Wilmington Trust/Great Gray Trust T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 · Wilmington Trust/Great Gray Trust T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"asset":"Wilmington Trust/Great Gray Trust T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Wilmington Trust/Great Gray Trust T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Wilmington Trust/Great Gray Trust T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_K000367_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 29 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 29 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":29,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_K000367","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's PFD net worth declined 46% year-over-year — 2024 $1.55M → 2025 $0.84M","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $1.55M in 2024 to $0.84M in 2025 — a 46% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2024","priorNetWorthM":1.55,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":0.84,"declinePct":45.79,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4556b4d9-a44d-4b8f-8ef7-f099b99cd4a2/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4556b4d9-a44d-4b8f-8ef7-f099b99cd4a2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P168_K000367_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 PFD: liabilities $1.44M = 63% of assets $2.27M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $1.44M against total assets of $2.27M — a leverage ratio of 63%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":2272513.5,"totalLiabMid":1435007,"leverageRatio":0.631,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_K000367_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 PFD initiated 1 large new ticker position (≥$100K) — top: FBAQX ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 new ticker position in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: FBAQX ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"FBAQX","asset":"FBAQX - Fidelity Advisor Balanced Fund - Class M","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4556b4d9-a44d-4b8f-8ef7-f099b99cd4a2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4556b4d9-a44d-4b8f-8ef7-f099b99cd4a2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_K000367_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 PFD lists 7 new creditors not in prior year — top: Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - Aug. from Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance at 5% (5 years)","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 7 creditors not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - Aug. from Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance at 5% (5 years) ($15,001 - $50,000) · Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - Sept from Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance at 5% (5 years) ($15,001 - $50,000) · Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - June from Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance at 5% (5 years) ($15,001 - $50,000) · Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - July from Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance at 5% (5 years) ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":7,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - Aug.","rate":"5% (5 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. Milwaukee, WI"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - Sept","rate":"5% (5 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. Milwaukee, WI"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - June","rate":"5% (5 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. Milwaukee, WI"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - July","rate":"5% (5 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. Milwaukee, WI"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - Sept","rate":"5% (5 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. Milwaukee, WI"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Life Insurance Policy Loan - Apri","rate":"5% (5 years)","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000","creditor":"Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. Milwaukee, WI"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4556b4d9-a44d-4b8f-8ef7-f099b99cd4a2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4556b4d9-a44d-4b8f-8ef7-f099b99cd4a2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_MN_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"MN delegation: Amy Klobuchar & Tina Smith both flagged on 12 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MN — Amy Klobuchar and Tina Smith — are flagged on the same 12 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P10, P25, P29, P36, P58, P61.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MN","otherSenatorBid":"S001203","otherSenatorName":"Tina Smith","sharedDetectorCount":12,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P10","P25","P29","P36","P58","P61","P93","P148","P166","P171"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000367","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001203"]},{"id":"P181_K000367","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Amy Klobuchar — 174 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar sponsored 174 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":174}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_K000367_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amy Klobuchar — 13 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar's 2025 Senate PFD shows 13 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":13,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6e8b03d-3357-4864-ad96-1b321114cb9c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_K000367","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Amy Klobuchar — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($54.9M)","explanation":"Amy Klobuchar is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $54.9M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":54933795,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6MN00267/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001143":[{"id":"P6_M001143_tirwv4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$611,768 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Common Good Fund","explanation":"Common Good Fund spent $611,768 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00807925","name":"Common Good Fund","support":611768.24,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807925/"]},{"id":"P9_M001143_iqubld","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,911 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,911 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10911.31,"oppose":0,"net":10911.31,"events":10,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":4540,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":3669.46,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA","support":886.96,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004569","name":"HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN","support":788.36,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001060","name":"EDUCATION MINNESOTA","support":676.5,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001143_vfl0qp","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,531,172 / spent $1,442,147","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00405050","cmteName":"BRINGING EVERYONE TOGETHER THROUGH ADVOCACY","year":"2010","totalReceipts":87175,"totalDisbursements":90883.5,"cashOnHand":3769.64},{"cmteId":"C00405050","cmteName":"BRINGING EVERYONE TOGETHER THROUGH ADVOCACY","year":"2012","totalReceipts":80150,"totalDisbursements":72605.8,"cashOnHand":11313.85},{"cmteId":"C00405050","cmteName":"BRINGING EVERYONE TOGETHER THROUGH ADVOCACY","year":"2014","totalReceipts":109350,"totalDisbursements":112877.1,"cashOnHand":7786.78},{"cmteId":"C00405050","cmteName":"BRINGING EVERYONE TOGETHER THROUGH ADVOCACY","year":"2016","totalReceipts":106001.6,"totalDisbursements":106325.3,"cashOnHand":7463.13},{"cmteId":"C00405050","cmteName":"BRINGING EVERYONE TOGETHER THROUGH ADVOCACY","year":"2018","totalReceipts":96150,"totalDisbursements":93214.6,"cashOnHand":10398.49}],"totalRaised":1531171.7,"totalSpent":1442147.0999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001143_kv769z","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"94% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $358,650 in itemized individual contributions, $337,550 (94%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":358650,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":2750,"$500-$999":3850,"$1000-$1999":14500,"$2000 and over":337550},"megaShare":94.1,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001143_ckjt2o","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Betty McCollum campaign paid $137,980 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: MCCOLLUM, REID","explanation":"Betty McCollum's campaign paid 8 disbursements totaling $137,980 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCOLLUM, REID","total":103736.87999999999,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCOLLUM, REID","amount":35380,"date":"2020-12-31","description":"REIMBURSEMENT-SEE DETAIL BELOW","surnameMatched":"mccollum","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MCCOLLUM, REID","amount":25000,"date":"2021-02-23","description":"INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"mccollum","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MCCOLLUM, REID","amount":19491.81,"date":"2021-06-12","description":"CONSULTING FEE-VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"mccollum","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BILL MCCOLLUM FOR US SENATE","total":20708,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BILL MCCOLLUM FOR US SENATE","amount":20708,"date":"2000-12-19","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"mccollum","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2000}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MICHAEL MCCOLLUM ADAMS","total":7435,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MICHAEL MCCOLLUM ADAMS","amount":7435,"date":"2018-12-21","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: SEE ITEMIZATIONS IF NEEDED","surnameMatched":"mccollum","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCOLLUM, MICHAEL","total":6100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCOLLUM, MICHAEL","amount":6100,"date":"2015-04-01","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mccollum","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MCCOLLUM"]},{"id":"P34_M001143_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $20,000","explanation":"Betty McCollum's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC)","total":10000,"matchedClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE SECURITY SOLUTIONS","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE COMPANY PAC","total":10000,"matchedClient":"SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE CO","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001143","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Betty McCollum has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001143","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $200,000","explanation":"Betty McCollum received campaign contributions totaling $200,000 from 28 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 28 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS ($10,000); SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD EN ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); ASTRANIS SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":28,"totalDollars":200000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KRATOS PAC)","ldaClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE CO.)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASTRANIS SPACE TECHNOLOGIES CORP. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ASTRANIS SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001143","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Betty McCollum's campaign paid $67,365 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: MCCOLLUM, REID ($61,265)","explanation":"Betty McCollum's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $67,365 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MCCOLLUM, REID ($61,265 across 3 payments, services: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT FEE · CONSULTING FEE-VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT · CONSULTING-VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":67364.76999999999,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MCCOLLUM, REID","total":61264.77,"count":3,"descriptions":["INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT FEE","CONSULTING FEE-VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT","CONSULTING-VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT"]},{"payee":"MCCOLLUM, MICHAEL","total":6100,"count":1,"descriptions":["FIELD CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"mccollum"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0MN04049&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001143","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Betty McCollum draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.0M PAC / $29.0M total)","explanation":"Betty McCollum's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.0M of $29.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.97,"pacSharePct":45,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H0MN04049"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MN04049/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001143","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Betty McCollum's PAC funding concentrates 70% in Technology ($0.19M / $0.28M classified)","explanation":"Betty McCollum's PAC donors concentrate 70% in the Technology industry — $0.19M of $0.28M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.19M · Labor $0.03M · Defense $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.19,"totalPacAmountM":0.28,"concentrationPct":69.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.19,"Labor":0.03,"Defense":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MN04049/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_M001143","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Betty McCollum ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,883 cosponsored, 171 sponsored","explanation":"Betty McCollum's congress.gov record shows 6,883 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6883,"sponsoredCount":171,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/betty-mccollum/M001143","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"B001243":[{"id":"P6_B001243_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,585,507 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Leadership Fund","explanation":"Senate Leadership Fund spent $4,585,507 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":4585506.51,"oppose":0,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P6_B001243_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,039,044 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $3,039,044 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":3039044.1800000006,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_B001243_vtvi1j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$385,569 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American College of Radiology Associatio","explanation":"American College of Radiology Association PAC spent $385,569 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00343459","name":"American College of Radiology Association PAC","support":385569.19999999995,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00343459/"]},{"id":"P6_B001243_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$300,840 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Conservatives Fund","explanation":"Senate Conservatives Fund spent $300,840 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 102 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"Senate Conservatives Fund","support":300839.8600000001,"oppose":0,"events":102}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P7_B001243_bt1ri4","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $19,797,103 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $19,797,103 opposing this member across 314 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":19797103.35,"totalSupport":8790743.990000006,"events":314,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":9906275.360000001},{"name":"Majority Forward","oppose":8874182.69},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","oppose":1004704.04},{"name":"ANIMAL WELLNESS ACTION","oppose":11941.26}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B001243_p5lkdu","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$750,000 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $750,000 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":750000,"events":1,"byYear":{"2018":750000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":750000,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001243_kzg9ds","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$18,899 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $18,899 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":21542.039999999997,"oppose":2642.86,"net":18899.179999999997,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":17876.71,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":2642.86,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":1816.62,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":1267.25,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":581.46,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001243_af0g6v","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $5,399,793 / spent $5,328,032","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00409276","cmteName":"MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":146838.7,"totalDisbursements":179250,"cashOnHand":4915.61},{"cmteId":"C00409276","cmteName":"MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":138807.8,"totalDisbursements":131250.1,"cashOnHand":12473.3},{"cmteId":"C00409276","cmteName":"MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":166700.2,"totalDisbursements":136150.3,"cashOnHand":43023.15},{"cmteId":"C00409276","cmteName":"MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":269955,"totalDisbursements":248915.8,"cashOnHand":64062.36},{"cmteId":"C00409276","cmteName":"MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":740278.8,"totalDisbursements":691219.3,"cashOnHand":113121.86}],"totalRaised":5399792.999999999,"totalSpent":5328031.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001243_vpeafr","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -3%)","explanation":"Of $1,077,400 in itemized individual contributions, $962,700 (89%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1077400,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-36000,"$200.01-$499":3800,"$500-$999":47350,"$1000-$1999":99550,"$2000 and over":962700},"megaShare":89.4,"smallDonorShare":-3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001243_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BLACKBURN, Marsha voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2026-01-27","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require institutions of higher education to disseminate information on"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001243","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_B001243","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$750K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn was the target of $750,000 in electioneering communications across 1 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($750,000 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":750000,"events":1,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2018":750000}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":750000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_B001243","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $285,082.48","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn received campaign contributions totaling $285,082.48 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($168,092.17); PINNACLE FINANCIAL SERVICES ($116,990.31).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":285082.48,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":168092.16999999998,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS","ldaClient":"PINNACLE FINANCIAL SERVICES","donorTotal":116990.31000000001,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_B001243","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 13 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 13 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":13,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001243","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P81_B001243_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marsha Blackburn discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Strategic Sales Tactics Inc. Company: Strategic Sales Tactics Inc (Brentwood, TN…","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Strategic Sales Tactics Inc. Company: Strategic Sales Tactic.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Strategic Sales Tactics Inc. Company: Strategic Sales Tactics Inc (Brentwood, TN) Description: Marketing Consulting","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_B001243_2023","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marsha Blackburn filed 5 amendments to the 2023 Senate annual disclosure — 9 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Marsha Blackburn's Senate eFD record shows 5 amendments to the 2023 report alone, with 9 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2023,"amendmentCount":5,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":9,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 2)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d471bd18-112b-41c4-a923-62759e0c57d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d6b14740-1a19-4574-9769-f6781375b944/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de66c26f-4cba-410d-8366-20d076bd9c6f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b9bfd3d6-7cc2-4dca-9b71-0c78803a1410/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d471bd18-112b-41c4-a923-62759e0c57d3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d6b14740-1a19-4574-9769-f6781375b944/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_B001243_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marsha Blackburn discloses 10 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 10 unascertainable, 24% of 41 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Marsha Blackburn's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 10 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 10 unascertainable) across 41 total reported assets — 24% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Principal Investment Plus Variable Annuity Provider: Principal Financial Group (--) · Principal Investment Plus Variable Annuity Provider: Principal Financial Group (--) · American Funds Brokerage Account (--) · MetLife IRA (--) · State of Tennessee Pension (Unascertainable).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":10,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":10,"totalAssets":41,"opaqueRatio":0.244,"samples":[{"asset":"Principal Investment Plus Variable Annuity Provider: Principal Financial Group","value":"--"},{"asset":"Principal Investment Plus Variable Annuity Provider: Principal Financial Group","value":"--"},{"asset":"American Funds Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"MetLife IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"State of Tennessee Pension","value":"Unascertainable"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P93_B001243","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marsha Blackburn filed 14 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 219 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Marsha Blackburn has filed 14 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 219 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2024 (219d late, filed 12/20/2024) · 2025 (173d late, filed 11/04/2025) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020) · 2025 (89d late, filed 08/12/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":14,"maxDaysLate":219,"samples":[{"year":2024,"filingDate":"12/20/2024","daysLate":219,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/14c076d5-66f3-494d-b2d4-8974ee8fefb8/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"11/04/2025","daysLate":173,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da65c3fe-88df-4f0c-bdc2-9f2d57b828fa/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/12/2025","daysLate":89,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/acdd06ce-e59d-4504-b0d4-4048c85891e5/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/14c076d5-66f3-494d-b2d4-8974ee8fefb8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da65c3fe-88df-4f0c-bdc2-9f2d57b828fa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_B001243_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marsha Blackburn owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: JPMorgan Chase Bank,","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 2.5% (30 year fixed) from JPMorgan Chase Bank,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.5% (30 year fixed)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA Monroe, LA","incurred":"2020"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_B001243","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marsha Blackburn named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($39.3M total receipts) — top: BLACKBURN TENNESSEE VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $39.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BLACKBURN TENNESSEE VICTORY FUND (C00676395, $37.7M receipts, treasurer WILLIAMSON, LES). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":39.31,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00676395","name":"BLACKBURN TENNESSEE VICTORY FUND","receipts":37734395.53,"treasurer":"WILLIAMSON, LES","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676395/"},{"committeeId":"C00632877","name":"BLACKBURN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1577449.77,"treasurer":"HOFFMAN, TEA","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632877/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676395/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00676395/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_B001243","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marsha Blackburn ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $72M across 8 cycles","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn's FEC-bulk record shows $72.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 8 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":72.27,"cycleCount":8,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8TN00337"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8TN00337/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_B001243","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marsha Blackburn triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":18}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_B001243","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marsha Blackburn operates leadership PAC with $5.4M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $5.4M and disbursements of $5.3M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC (C00409276). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":5.4,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.33,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00409276","cmteName":"MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00409276/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_B001243","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marsha Blackburn's leadership PAC disbursed $5.3M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn's leadership PAC disbursed $5.3M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC (C00409276).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.33,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00409276","cmteName":"MAKING A RESPONSIBLE STAND FOR HOUSEHOLDS IN AMERICA PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00409276/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_B001243","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marsha Blackburn ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 785 sponsored, 4,797 cosponsored","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn's congress.gov record shows 785 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":785,"cosponsoredCount":4797,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/marsha-blackburn/B001243","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_B001243","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marsha Blackburn ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,797 cosponsored, 785 sponsored","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn's congress.gov record shows 4,797 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4797,"sponsoredCount":785,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/marsha-blackburn/B001243","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_B001243_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marsha Blackburn's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 41 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 41 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":41,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8c41ca4c-ccda-483e-99ed-d7f27f8a5c8f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_TN_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"TN delegation: Marsha Blackburn & Bill Hagerty both flagged on 9 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from TN — Marsha Blackburn and Bill Hagerty — are flagged on the same 9 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P11, P29, P36, P81, P82, P83.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"TN","otherSenatorBid":"H000601","otherSenatorName":"Bill Hagerty","sharedDetectorCount":9,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P11","P29","P36","P81","P82","P83","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001243","https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000601"]},{"id":"P182_B001243_ToamendsubtitleIVoft","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marsha Blackburn sponsored \"To amend subtitle IV of title 40, United States Code, regard\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend subtitle IV of title 40, United States Code, regarding county additions to the Appalachian region."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_B001243_SavingsforSeniorsAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marsha Blackburn sponsored \"Savings for Seniors Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marsha Blackburn has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Savings for Seniors Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001055":[{"id":"P6_C001055_uwxsv6","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$300,220 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from University of Hawaii Professional Assemb","explanation":"University of Hawaii Professional Assembly spent $300,220 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 39 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00520262","name":"University of Hawaii Professional Assembly","support":300220.0200000001,"oppose":0,"events":39}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00520262/"]},{"id":"P8_C001055_pyjtst","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$331,718 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 19 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $331,718 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":331718.4,"events":19,"byYear":{"2010":331718.4},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001572","name":"INDEPENDENT WOMEN'S VOICE","total":237500,"events":3},{"cmteId":"C30001564","name":"WORKERS FOR A BETTER HAWAII","total":94218.39999999998,"events":16}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001055_87dnsx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,498 donation spike on 2012-08-22 — 18.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-08-22 this committee recorded $90,498 across 44 contributions — 18.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,912.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495671","date":"2012-08-22","amount":90498,"count":44,"baseline":4912,"ratio":18.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495671/"]},{"id":"P15_C001055_19vsj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$99,363 donation spike on 2021-08-13 — 19.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-13 this committee recorded $99,363 across 80 contributions — 19.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,054.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00680918","date":"2021-08-13","amount":99363,"count":80,"baseline":5054,"ratio":19.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680918/"]},{"id":"P18_C001055_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ed Case executed 10 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2026-02-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-11-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-08-14","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-05-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Surfclam and Ocean Quahog Fisheries; 2026 Fishing Quotas for Atlantic Surfclams and Ocean Quahogs; and Suspensi","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-01-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Atka Mackerel in the Bering Sea Subarea and Eastern Aleutian Distri","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-10-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001055_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ed Case executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2021-05-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Yaborã Indústria Aeronáutica S.A. (Type Certificate Previously Held by Embraer S.A.) Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-04-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001055_uq5nbe","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ed Case campaign paid $1,198,730 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: LA CASE MOTEL","explanation":"Ed Case's campaign paid 7 disbursements totaling $1,198,730 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LA CASE MOTEL","total":635128,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LA CASE MOTEL","amount":635128,"date":"2017-05-10","description":"LODGING","surnameMatched":"case","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASE ACTION FUND","total":300000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CASE ACTION FUND","amount":300000,"date":"2023-03-01","description":"PAC FIELD CANVASSING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"case","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASE-MATE","total":95522,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CASE-MATE","amount":49924,"date":"2012-04-17","description":"CAMPAIGN STORE MERCH EXPENSE & FULFILLMEN","surnameMatched":"case","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CASE-MATE","amount":45598,"date":"2012-04-05","description":"CAMPAIGN STORE MERCH EXPENSE & FULFILLMEN","surnameMatched":"case","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOUGLAS A. KELLEY - RECEIVER, CASE NO. 0:08-CV-05348-ADM-JSM","total":75400,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DOUGLAS A. KELLEY - RECEIVER, CASE NO. 0:08-CV-05348-ADM-JSM","amount":75400,"date":"2011-08-19","description":"RELINQUISHMENT OF DONOR FUNDS TO COURT A","surnameMatched":"case","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASE, EDWARD ESPENETT","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CASE, EDWARD ESPENETT","amount":50000,"date":"2020-10-17","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"case","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FAIRMONT PARK COMMISSION CASE BUILDING","total":42680.42,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FAIRMONT PARK COMMISSION CASE BUILDING","amount":42680.42,"date":"2008-09-30","description":"EVENT SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"case","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LA%20CASE%20MOTEL"]},{"id":"P21_C001055_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 298d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (10 buys vs 0 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":10,"avgGap":298,"buys":10,"sells":0},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":12,"avgGap":249}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_C001055","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"41% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 6.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 17 disclosed trades, 7 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 6.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":7,"total":17,"rate":41.2},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":6.39}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001055","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Ed Case has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_C001055_MSFT_20210503","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MSFT in 2021-Q2 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Ed Case executed a buy in MSFT during 2021-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-03","quarter":"2021-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q2","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_C001055_AAPL_20251113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case buy $AAPL 1 day after a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2025-11-12","adsh":"0001631982-25-000011","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001055_AAPL_20250515","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case buy $AAPL 1 day after a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2025-05-14","adsh":"0000320193-25-000059","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001055_AAPL_20240815","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case buy $AAPL 2 days after a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2024-08-13","adsh":"0000320193-24-000086","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001055_AAPL_20240516","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case buy $AAPL 2 days after a corporate insider (Adams Katherine L.  (CIK 0001462356)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Adams Katherine L.  (CIK 0001462356)","filingDate":"2024-05-14","adsh":"0000320193-24-000071","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001055_AAPL_20251113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case buy $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (Adams Katherine L.  (CIK 0001462356)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-11-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"Adams Katherine L.  (CIK 0001462356)","filingDate":"2025-11-14","adsh":"0001462356-25-000012"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001055_AAPL_20240516","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case buy $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2024-05-17","adsh":"0000320193-24-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001055_MO_20210503","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case sell $MO 1 day before a corporate insider (CAPPS JOHN R  (CIK 0001184683)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MO","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MO","filer":"CAPPS JOHN R  (CIK 0001184683)","filingDate":"2021-05-04","adsh":"0001127602-21-015147"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001055_AAPL_20241114","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AAPL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case buy $AAPL 5 days before a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2024-11-19","adsh":"0000320193-24-000129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001055_KMI_20210503","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KMI 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Case sell $KMI 7 days before a corporate insider (Schlosser John W  (CIK 0001570469)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KMI","filer":"Schlosser John W  (CIK 0001570469)","filingDate":"2021-05-10","adsh":"0001506307-21-000036"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P57_C001055","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$332K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 72% from INDEPENDENT WOMEN'S VOICE","explanation":"Ed Case was the target of $331,718.4 in electioneering communications across 19 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was INDEPENDENT WOMEN'S VOICE ($237,500 = 72% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":331718.4,"events":19,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":331718.4}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001572","name":"INDEPENDENT WOMEN'S VOICE","total":237500,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001572/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001564","name":"WORKERS FOR A BETTER HAWAII","total":94218.39999999998,"events":16,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001564/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001572/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P62_C001055","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $99,363 on 2021-08-13 (19.7× normal)","explanation":"Ed Case's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $99,363 on 2021-08-13 — 19.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":189861,"maxRatio":19.7,"maxAmount":99363},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-08-13","amount":99363,"ratio":19.7,"baselineDaily":5054,"count":80,"cmteId":"C00680918","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00680918&min_date=2021-08-13&max_date=2021-08-13"},{"source":"spike","date":"2012-08-22","amount":90498,"ratio":18.4,"baselineDaily":4912,"count":44,"cmteId":"C00495671","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00495671&min_date=2012-08-22&max_date=2012-08-22"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680918/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00680918&min_date=2021-08-13&max_date=2021-08-13"]},{"id":"P78_C001055","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ed Case appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (5); insider followed trade (4); daily donation spike (2); reg rule trade proximity (2); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001055","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_C001055","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ed Case's campaign paid $1,148,730 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: LA CASE MOTEL ($635,128)","explanation":"Ed Case's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 6 payments totaling $1,148,730 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: LA CASE MOTEL ($635,128 across 1 payments, services: LODGING). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1148730.42,"paymentCount":6,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"LA CASE MOTEL","total":635128,"count":1,"descriptions":["LODGING"]},{"payee":"CASE ACTION FUND","total":300000,"count":1,"descriptions":["PAC FIELD CANVASSING EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"CASE-MATE","total":95522,"count":2,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN STORE MERCH EXPENSE & FULFILLMEN"]},{"payee":"DOUGLAS A. KELLEY - RECEIVER, CASE NO. 0:08-CV-05348-ADM-JSM","total":75400,"count":1,"descriptions":["RELINQUISHMENT OF DONOR FUNDS TO COURT A"]},{"payee":"FAIRMONT PARK COMMISSION CASE BUILDING","total":42680.42,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENT SITE RENTAL"]}],"surname":"case"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2HI02128&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001055","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ed Case draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.6M PAC / $12.0M total)","explanation":"Ed Case's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.6M of $12.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.03,"pacSharePct":38,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H2HI02128"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2HI02128/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"E000295":[{"id":"P6_E000295_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$12,413,556 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Leadership Fund","explanation":"Senate Leadership Fund spent $12,413,556 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 42 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":12413555.970000003,"oppose":0,"events":42}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P6_E000295_uunyu2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,551,077 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","explanation":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc. spent $4,551,077 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00564765","name":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","support":4551077.399999999,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00564765/"]},{"id":"P6_E000295_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,590,633 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $2,590,633 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":2590632.5,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_E000295_vak61s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,070,456 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Crossroads","explanation":"American Crossroads spent $2,070,456 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487363","name":"American Crossroads","support":2070456.31,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487363/"]},{"id":"P6_E000295_uv4j5j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,065,298 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americas PAC","explanation":"Americas PAC spent $2,065,298 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00559906","name":"Americas PAC","support":2065298,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00559906/"]},{"id":"P6_E000295_vamnp8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,000,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SIERRA CLUB INDEPENDENT ACTION","explanation":"SIERRA CLUB INDEPENDENT ACTION spent $1,000,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00483693","name":"SIERRA CLUB INDEPENDENT ACTION","support":1000000,"oppose":1001152.1399999999,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00483693/"]},{"id":"P6_E000295_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$720,169 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Conservatives Fund","explanation":"Senate Conservatives Fund spent $720,169 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 95 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"Senate Conservatives Fund","support":720169.2699999999,"oppose":0,"events":95}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P7_E000295_u1n6tp","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $107,078,231 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $107,078,231 opposing this member across 2353 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":107078231.4899995,"totalSupport":31188766.38999999,"events":2353,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Majority PAC","oppose":38728199.13000001},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":37102273.71},{"name":"NextGen Climate Action Committee","oppose":4693876.220000001},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":4227933.5},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":3766208.96}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_E000295_ddlef","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,037,898 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 10 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,037,898 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1037897.53,"events":10,"byYear":{"2014":51500,"2020":986397.53},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":560000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30002844","name":"DEMAND JUSTICE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":414425.52999999997,"events":4},{"cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":51500,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30003164","name":"PROTECT OUR CARE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":11972,"events":4}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_E000295_i202b8","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$11,191 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $11,191 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO .","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":150489.59000000003,"oppose":161680.81000000003,"net":-11191.220000000001,"events":67,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":130502.51000000001,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":64535.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":60780.5,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":25173.800000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":20946.84,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_E000295_lpccgq","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $6,284,598 / spent $6,242,595","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00566851","cmteName":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":48837.9,"totalDisbursements":36026.4,"cashOnHand":12811.44},{"cmteId":"C00566851","cmteName":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1428863.6,"totalDisbursements":1427652.2,"cashOnHand":14022.83},{"cmteId":"C00566851","cmteName":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":1099146.4,"totalDisbursements":1074056.2,"cashOnHand":39112.96},{"cmteId":"C00566851","cmteName":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":1278844.4,"totalDisbursements":904639.7,"cashOnHand":413317.64},{"cmteId":"C00566851","cmteName":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":829442.3,"totalDisbursements":990909.2,"cashOnHand":251850.73}],"totalRaised":6284598,"totalSpent":6242594.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_E000295_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"141661 employees of RETIRED gave $7,339,769 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 141661× RETIRED = $7,339,769. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":141661,"total":7339769,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_E000295_czgvoq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$339,484 donation spike on 2025-10-31 — 20.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-31 this committee recorded $339,484 across 156 contributions — 20.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,426.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546788","date":"2025-10-31","amount":339484,"count":156,"baseline":16426,"ratio":20.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546788/"]},{"id":"P15_E000295_czgvop","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$190,709 donation spike on 2025-10-30 — 38.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-30 this committee recorded $190,709 across 85 contributions — 38.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,906.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546788","date":"2025-10-30","amount":190709,"count":85,"baseline":4906,"ratio":38.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546788/"]},{"id":"P15_E000295_uijvn4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$187,950 donation spike on 2014-10-15 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-10-15 this committee recorded $187,950 across 211 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $29,227.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546788","date":"2014-10-15","amount":187950,"count":211,"baseline":29227,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546788/"]},{"id":"P15_E000295_cyyd1q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$138,275 donation spike on 2025-02-27 — 13.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-27 this committee recorded $138,275 across 95 contributions — 13.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,286.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546788","date":"2025-02-27","amount":138275,"count":95,"baseline":10286,"ratio":13.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546788/"]},{"id":"P15_E000295_s62k64","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,655 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $82,655 across 131 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,849.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546788","date":"2019-09-30","amount":82655,"count":131,"baseline":7849,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546788/"]},{"id":"P15_E000295_ptrufy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,534 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $77,534 across 58 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,579.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546788","date":"2013-09-30","amount":77534,"count":58,"baseline":7579,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546788/"]},{"id":"P15_E000295_hoxduz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,500 donation spike on 2015-05-27 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-05-27 this committee recorded $75,500 across 22 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,106.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00566851","date":"2015-05-27","amount":75500,"count":22,"baseline":8106,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00566851/"]},{"id":"P19_E000295_bgs02y","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joni Ernst campaign paid $2,099,301 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: ERNST & YOUNG LLP","explanation":"Joni Ernst's campaign paid 117 disbursements totaling $2,099,301 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","total":1377208.26,"count":38,"samples":[{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":152540,"date":"2003-12-31","description":"AUDIT AND TAX SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":99235,"date":"2005-12-23","description":"FINANCIAL/ACCOUNTING FEE","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":78867,"date":"2025-12-21","description":"ADVANCED QUARTERLY PAYMENT (ADMINISTRATIVE)","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ERNST & YOUNG, LLP","total":180000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG, LLP","amount":80000,"date":"2003-12-22","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG, LLP","amount":40000,"date":"2005-05-05","description":"AUDIT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG, LLP","amount":40000,"date":"2005-04-11","description":"AUDIT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ERNST & YOUNG","total":152550,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG","amount":94500,"date":"2016-09-04","description":"IN-KIND - AUDIT/ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG","amount":58050,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - AUDITING/ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":121912,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":87754,"date":"1990-07-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1990},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":34158,"date":"1995-08-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE & BARREL","total":46102.03999999999,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":24774.36,"date":"2023-02-13","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":4279.22,"date":"2025-03-11","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":4160.53,"date":"2017-10-04","description":"HQ ACCOUNT-FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ERNST, KATIE","total":40000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ERNST, KATIE","amount":25000,"date":"2026-02-04","description":"CONSULTANT - FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ERNST, KATIE","amount":15000,"date":"2024-08-19","description":"CONSULTANT - FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"ernst","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ERNST%20%26%20YOUNG%20LLP"]},{"id":"P25_E000295_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of PAC dollars ($1,324,832) come from Party industry","explanation":"Joni Ernst receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1324831.5400000003,"share":82.4,"totalPAC":1608084.5000000002,"pacCount":13},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1324831.5400000003,"share":82.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Candidate","amount":158282.96,"share":9.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":94970,"share":5.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":20000,"share":1.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_E000295_vamnp8","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SIERRA CLUB INDEPENDENT ACTION both supported ($1,000,000) and opposed ($1,001,152) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Joni Ernst advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00483693","name":"SIERRA CLUB INDEPENDENT ACTION","support":1000000,"oppose":1001152.1399999999,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00483693/"]},{"id":"P36_E000295","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 22 total findings","explanation":"Joni Ernst has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":22,"highSeverityCount":14,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_E000295","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1038K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 54% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Joni Ernst was the target of $1,037,897.53 in electioneering communications across 10 events from 4 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($560,000 = 54% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1037897.53,"events":10,"pacCount":4,"byYear":{"2014":51500,"2020":986397.53}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":560000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002844","name":"DEMAND JUSTICE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":414425.52999999997,"events":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002844/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":51500,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003164","name":"PROTECT OUR CARE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":11972,"events":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003164/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_E000295","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 43% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Joni Ernst received $150,489.59 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($64,535.29 = 43%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":150489.59000000003,"oppose":161680.81000000003,"byYear":{"2014":227072.53,"2020":85097.87},"corpCount":8},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":130502.51000000001,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":64535.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":60780.5,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":25173.800000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":20946.84,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_E000295","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (9 total findings) — ie support concentration (7), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Joni Ernst triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 9 total findings across them: ie support concentration (7), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":9,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":7},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_E000295","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $20,000","explanation":"Joni Ernst received campaign contributions totaling $20,000 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($10,000); REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":20000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_E000295","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $339,484 on 2025-10-31 (20.7× normal)","explanation":"Joni Ernst's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $339,484 on 2025-10-31 — 20.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":828657,"maxRatio":38.9,"maxAmount":339484},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-10-31","amount":339484,"ratio":20.7,"baselineDaily":16426,"count":156,"cmteId":"C00546788","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546788&min_date=2025-10-31&max_date=2025-10-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-10-30","amount":190709,"ratio":38.9,"baselineDaily":4906,"count":85,"cmteId":"C00546788","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546788&min_date=2025-10-30&max_date=2025-10-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-02-27","amount":138275,"ratio":13.4,"baselineDaily":10286,"count":95,"cmteId":"C00546788","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546788&min_date=2025-02-27&max_date=2025-02-27"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-30","amount":82655,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":7849,"count":131,"cmteId":"C00546788","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546788&min_date=2019-09-30&max_date=2019-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2013-09-30","amount":77534,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":7579,"count":58,"cmteId":"C00546788","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546788&min_date=2013-09-30&max_date=2013-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546788/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546788&min_date=2025-10-31&max_date=2025-10-31"]},{"id":"P63_E000295","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 75 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Joni Ernst's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 75 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): LQD, DWGHX, AMRFX, FINFX, IGFFX, NEFFX, IVW, IVE, IYR, HYG, SPY, MIAYX, AIVFX, DIA, DODIX, … (60 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":75,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["LQD","DWGHX","AMRFX","FINFX","IGFFX","NEFFX","IVW","IVE","IYR","HYG","SPY","MIAYX","AIVFX","DIA","DODIX","FIHBX","FXAIX","TRLGX","MEIIX","PRRIX","PIREX","VMVAX","VIMAX","GOSXX","OTCIX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_E000295","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Officer at Iowa Army National Guard Johnston, IA","explanation":"Joni Ernst's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2016) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Iowa Army National Guard Johnston, IA (Other (National Guard)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2016","positions":[{"dates":"Jul 2001 to Nov 2015","role":"Officer","entity":"Iowa Army National Guard Johnston, IA","entityType":"Other (National Guard)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72d93df0-28f8-469e-84ce-2ba6537cf499/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72d93df0-28f8-469e-84ce-2ba6537cf499/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_E000295_2021","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 25 new ticker holdings in 2021 not present in prior PFD filings — including FDWGX, AFMFX, BFFAX, FUNFX, FIFAX, IGAIX","explanation":"Joni Ernst's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 25 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FDWGX, AFMFX, BFFAX, FUNFX, FIFAX, IGAIX, FFICX, FNEFX, FSBTX, SFCWX, CYPIX, SMPIX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2021,"count":25,"newTickers":["FDWGX","AFMFX","BFFAX","FUNFX","FIFAX","IGAIX","FFICX","FNEFX","FSBTX","SFCWX","CYPIX","SMPIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ced2ee-ebfb-4d42-9ea6-328abecfc784/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ced2ee-ebfb-4d42-9ea6-328abecfc784/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_E000295","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Joni Ernst appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (7); daily donation spike (7); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/E000295","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_E000295_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 12 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including IIGZX, FDWGX, AFMFX, BFFAX, FUNFX, FNEFX","explanation":"Joni Ernst's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 12 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: IIGZX, FDWGX, AFMFX, BFFAX, FUNFX, FNEFX, FSBTX, SFCWX, MIAZX, QTSSX, FWGIX, GRFXX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":12,"divestedTickers":["IIGZX","FDWGX","AFMFX","BFFAX","FUNFX","FNEFX","FSBTX","SFCWX","MIAZX","QTSSX","FWGIX","GRFXX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/db76aaa0-c2ec-49a1-8a5f-87c2ec97d22e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/db76aaa0-c2ec-49a1-8a5f-87c2ec97d22e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_E000295_2016","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joni Ernst filed 2 amendments to the 2016 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Joni Ernst's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2016 report alone, with 5 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2016,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72d93df0-28f8-469e-84ce-2ba6537cf499/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/05f39e4f-9491-489c-8e3f-ebc0d9a5c505/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72d93df0-28f8-469e-84ce-2ba6537cf499/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/05f39e4f-9491-489c-8e3f-ebc0d9a5c505/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_E000295_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joni Ernst discloses 3 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Joni Ernst's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: IYR - iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF · PIREX - Principal Real Estate Securities Fund Institutiona · IYR - iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":3,"properties":[{"name":"IYR - iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"PIREX - Principal Real Estate Securities Fund Institutiona","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"IYR - iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/512f89d1-aaa9-4850-bd2b-29622809776e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/512f89d1-aaa9-4850-bd2b-29622809776e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P90_E000295","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joni Ernst's campaign paid $115,000 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: ERNST VICTORY ($45,000)","explanation":"Joni Ernst's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 8 payments totaling $115,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ERNST VICTORY ($45,000 across 4 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE · CONTRIBUTION · JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE: JONI FOR IOWA GENERAL DEBT RETIREMENT 2014 AND PRIMARY 2020). Cycles covered: 2016, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":115000,"paymentCount":8,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ERNST VICTORY","total":45000,"count":4,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE","CONTRIBUTION","JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE: JONI FOR IOWA GENERAL DEBT RETIREMENT 2014 AND PRIMARY 2020"]},{"payee":"ERNST, KATIE","total":40000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONSULTANT - FUNDRAISING"]},{"payee":"ERNST VICTORY IOWA","total":30000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE","PAC POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"ernst"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4IA00129&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_E000295","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joni Ernst filed 7 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 169 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Joni Ernst has filed 7 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 169 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2013 (169d late, filed 10/31/2013) · 2020 (88d late, filed 08/11/2020) · 2015 (88d late, filed 08/11/2015) · 2013 (86d late, filed 08/09/2013).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":7,"maxDaysLate":169,"samples":[{"year":2013,"filingDate":"10/31/2013","daysLate":169,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/E19DA6E1-D945-465B-913A-7FDCDC5DD38F/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/11/2020","daysLate":88,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/379b8c76-e5ca-4eb9-8a75-ff86d297a4b6/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"08/11/2015","daysLate":88,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcb9c71f-3b23-4ce5-9c4e-2839c529d93e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2014"},{"year":2013,"filingDate":"08/09/2013","daysLate":86,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/C6687181-0A83-4BE2-80A7-2378E5C2BE52/","title":"Annual Report"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/E19DA6E1-D945-465B-913A-7FDCDC5DD38F/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/379b8c76-e5ca-4eb9-8a75-ff86d297a4b6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fcb9c71f-3b23-4ce5-9c4e-2839c529d93e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_E000295","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joni Ernst named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($8.1M total receipts) — top: ERNST VICTORY IOWA","explanation":"Joni Ernst appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $8.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: ERNST VICTORY IOWA (C00610428, $6.4M receipts, treasurer CABELL HOBBS). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":8.09,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00610428","name":"ERNST VICTORY IOWA","receipts":6447887.7,"treasurer":"CABELL HOBBS","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00610428/"},{"committeeId":"C00571927","name":"ERNST VICTORY","receipts":1638519.33,"treasurer":"BRADLEY CRATE","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571927/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00610428/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00610428/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_E000295","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joni Ernst ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $99M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Joni Ernst's FEC-bulk record shows $99.1M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":99.07,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4IA00129"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4IA00129/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_E000295","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joni Ernst triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Joni Ernst accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 27 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":27}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_E000295","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joni Ernst operates leadership PAC with $6.3M lifetime receipts (7 cycles) — top: JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC","explanation":"Joni Ernst operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $6.3M and disbursements of $6.2M across 7 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC (C00566851). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":6.28,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.24,"yearsCovered":7,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00566851","cmteName":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00566851/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_E000295","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joni Ernst's leadership PAC disbursed $6.2M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Joni Ernst's leadership PAC disbursed $6.2M across 7 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC (C00566851).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.24,"yearsCovered":7,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00566851","cmteName":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND NEW IDEAS PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00566851/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_E000295","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joni Ernst ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 646 sponsored, 1,896 cosponsored","explanation":"Joni Ernst's congress.gov record shows 646 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":646,"cosponsoredCount":1896,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/joni-ernst/E000295","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_E000295_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joni Ernst's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 47 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Joni Ernst's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 47 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":47,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/512f89d1-aaa9-4850-bd2b-29622809776e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/512f89d1-aaa9-4850-bd2b-29622809776e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_IA_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IA delegation: Joni Ernst & Charles “Chuck” Grassley both flagged on 13 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from IA — Joni Ernst and Charles “Chuck” Grassley — are flagged on the same 13 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P19, P58, P61, P63, P70, P74.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"IA","juniorSenatorBid":"G000386","juniorSenatorName":"Charles “Chuck” Grassley","sharedDetectorCount":13,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P19","P58","P61","P63","P70","P74","P79","P84","P90","P93","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000295","https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000386"]},{"id":"P193_E000295_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joni Ernst — 39 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Joni Ernst's 2025 Senate PFD shows 39 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":39,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/512f89d1-aaa9-4850-bd2b-29622809776e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/512f89d1-aaa9-4850-bd2b-29622809776e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_E000295","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joni Ernst — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($49.5M)","explanation":"Joni Ernst is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $49.5M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":49533790,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4IA00129/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001181":[{"id":"P6_S001181_d0njpp","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$719,526 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Council for American Job Growth","explanation":"Council for American Job Growth spent $719,526 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90015090","name":"Council for American Job Growth","support":719526.33,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90015090/"]},{"id":"P6_S001181_uvu68r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$258,941 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC","explanation":"Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC spent $258,941 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00540443","name":"Americans for Responsible Solutions-PAC","support":258940.54,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540443/"]},{"id":"P7_S001181_50w4l3","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $10,000,492 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $10,000,492 opposing this member across 294 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":10000491.920000006,"totalSupport":1548080.7800000012,"events":294,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Ending Spending Action Fund","oppose":4007028.5500000003},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":2652669.06},{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":1197562.48},{"name":"INDEPENDENT LEADERSHIP FOR NEW HAMPSHIRE PAC","oppose":838440},{"name":"Americas PAC","oppose":398330}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_S001181_5jd4no","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,105,537 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 4 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,105,537 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1105537.35,"events":4,"byYear":{"2014":1105537.35},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001929","name":"ENDING SPENDING INC","total":1105537.35,"events":4}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001181_f93ooa","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$187,165 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $187,165 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":194660.55999999997,"oppose":7495.6,"net":187164.95999999996,"events":61,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":141093.02,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":15357.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":10608.259999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":7495.6,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70004908","name":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN ","support":6435.46,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001181_nzmzkk","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,204,926 / spent $3,005,086","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00458570","cmteName":"A NEW DIRECTION PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":283200,"totalDisbursements":257057,"cashOnHand":26142.56},{"cmteId":"C00458570","cmteName":"A NEW DIRECTION PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":316591.9,"totalDisbursements":319821.8,"cashOnHand":22912.72},{"cmteId":"C00458570","cmteName":"A NEW DIRECTION PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":232100,"totalDisbursements":221092.5,"cashOnHand":33920.27},{"cmteId":"C00458570","cmteName":"A NEW DIRECTION PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":314690.1,"totalDisbursements":321954.5,"cashOnHand":26655.83},{"cmteId":"C00458570","cmteName":"A NEW DIRECTION PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":364913,"totalDisbursements":356262,"cashOnHand":35306.83}],"totalRaised":3204925.5,"totalSpent":3005086.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001181_yyhumk","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $1,736,520 in itemized individual contributions, $1,187,951 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1736520,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-41765,"$200.01-$499":78212,"$500-$999":158625,"$1000-$1999":353497,"$2000 and over":1187951},"megaShare":68.4,"smallDonorShare":-2.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001181_fyflsp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$146,506 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $146,506 across 84 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,503.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00906446","date":"2025-06-30","amount":146506,"count":84,"baseline":14503,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00906446/"]},{"id":"P15_S001181_fyhira","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,150 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $54,150 across 57 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,121.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00906446","date":"2025-09-30","amount":54150,"count":57,"baseline":5121,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00906446/"]},{"id":"P19_S001181_ptzjts","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen campaign paid $10,573,567 to 38 surname-matched vendors, top: SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's campaign paid 144 disbursements totaling $10,573,567 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","total":3963518.06,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":2447783.22,"date":"2025-12-23","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":657439.78,"date":"2025-06-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":608295.06,"date":"2025-09-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","total":2610037.5500000007,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":278096.08,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":267912.93,"date":"2025-12-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":187000,"date":"2025-12-23","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","total":1091907.5,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":202498.53,"date":"2019-05-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING & TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":140460,"date":"2020-03-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":109898.27,"date":"2019-07-18","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","total":856990.74,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":158499.1,"date":"2013-12-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC INCOME","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":148116.18,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"TRANSFER TO AFFILIATED COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":123118.95,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","total":658245.26,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":203245.26,"date":"2016-08-05","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":60000,"date":"2016-01-13","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":60000,"date":"2015-12-23","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","total":484234.84,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","amount":100135.58,"date":"2010-11-15","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","amount":93062,"date":"2009-11-24","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","amount":76161.96,"date":"2010-06-17","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SULLIVAN%20%26%20CROMWELL%20LLP"]},{"id":"P35_S001181_d0pn4w","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMERICANS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY DBA THE CONSERVATIVE CAUCUS both supported ($18,141) and opposed ($204,454) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Jeanne Shaheen advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C90018904","name":"AMERICANS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY DBA THE CONSERVATIVE CAUCUS","support":18140.78,"oppose":204454.40999999995,"events":72}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018904/"]},{"id":"P36_S001181","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_S001181","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1106K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from ENDING SPENDING INC","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen was the target of $1,105,537.35 in electioneering communications across 4 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was ENDING SPENDING INC ($1,105,537.35 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1105537.35,"events":4,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2014":1105537.35}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001929","name":"ENDING SPENDING INC","total":1105537.35,"events":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001929/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001929/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_S001181","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$195K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 72% from LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen received $194,660.56 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC ($141,093.02 = 72%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":194660.55999999997,"oppose":7495.6,"byYear":{"2014":199449.77999999997,"2020":2706.38},"corpCount":11},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":141093.02,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004262/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":15357.6,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":10608.259999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":7495.6,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004908","name":"BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND TRAINMEN ","support":6435.46,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004908/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004262/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_S001181","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (4 total findings) — ie support concentration (2), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 4 total findings across them: ie support concentration (2), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":4,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":2},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_S001181","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $40,000","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen received campaign contributions totaling $40,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($10,000); SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE ($5,000); ELBIT SYSTEMS - CYCLONE LTD. ($5,000); APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. ($5,000); ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC (F.K.A. ANTHEM, INC. & WELLPO ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":40000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL CONFECTIONERS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","ldaClient":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ELBIT SYSTEMS OF AMERICA LLC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ELBIT SYSTEMS - CYCLONE LTD.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ARAPAC)","ldaClient":"APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ANTHEM, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ANTHEM PAC)","ldaClient":"ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC (F.K.A. ANTHEM, INC. & WELLPOINT, INC.)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001181","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $146,506 on 2025-06-30 (10.1× normal)","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $146,506 on 2025-06-30 — 10.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":200656,"maxRatio":10.6,"maxAmount":146506},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":146506,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":14503,"count":84,"cmteId":"C00906446","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00906446&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":54150,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":5121,"count":57,"cmteId":"C00906446","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00906446&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00906446/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00906446&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"]},{"id":"P68_S001181","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 15 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$5.2M","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 15 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $5,175,006.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Route 125 Associates Company: Route 125  (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $500,001 - $1,000,000); Emerald Group LLC Company: Emerald Group (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $500,001 - $1,000,000); Molly O's Restaurant - 2 Main Street Des (Real Estate Commercial, $500,001 - $1,000,000); 4 Main Street Description: Commercial Re (Real Estate Commercial, $500,001 - $1,000,000); 15 Reserve Street Description: 15 Reserv (Real Estate Commercial, $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":15,"totalEstMidpoint":5175006.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Route 125 Associates Company: Route 125 Associates (Dover, NH) Description: Commercial rental real property Filer comment: Shaheen Enterprises, LLC has a 1/2 interest","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"},{"name":"Emerald Group LLC Company: Emerald Group LLC (Madbury, NH) Description: Consulting","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"},{"name":"Molly O's Restaurant - 2 Main Street Description: Commercial Real Estate (York, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"},{"name":"4 Main Street Description: Commercial Real Estate (York, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"},{"name":"15 Reserve Street Description: 15 Reserve Street - Land (York Beach, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_S001181","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $1.9M in personal liabilities (25% leverage of assets) — 8 liability items","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,925,003.5 in personal liabilities against $7,822,512 in assets — a 24.6% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.9M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Spouse. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1925003.5,"totalAssetMid":7822512,"leverageRatio":24.6,"liabCount":8,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2012 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 4.19% (20 years) · $100,001 - $250,000 · National Capital Bank Washington, DC · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"2 · 2015 · Spouse · Mortgage · 0 · 3.38% (30 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT · Previously held with People's United Bank; loan transferred to M&T Bank in 2024"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"3 · 2015 · Spouse · Other (Promissory Demand Note) · - · 5% (On demand ) · $50,001 - $100,000 · Marcia Kimball Moultonborough, NH · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"4 · 2016 · Spouse · Mortgage · 0 · 4.5% (20 year, 5 year ARM) · $100,001 - $250,000 · M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT · Previously held with People's United Bank; loan transferred to M&T Bank in 2024"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001181","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (2); daily donation spike (2); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001181","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_S001181_2019","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 7 ticker holdings between 2018 and 2019 — including RLBGX, GWETX, CSRIX, TVRRX, PCRIX, PTTRX","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 ticker holdings present in the 2018 filing but absent in 2019. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: RLBGX, GWETX, CSRIX, TVRRX, PCRIX, PTTRX, VIPSX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2018,2019],"count":7,"divestedTickers":["RLBGX","GWETX","CSRIX","TVRRX","PCRIX","PTTRX","VIPSX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c8c719f6-ea9f-46d7-a719-8eabcbc4efd6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c8c719f6-ea9f-46d7-a719-8eabcbc4efd6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Vera Innovations Company: Vera Innovations (Dover, NH) Description: Coffee Compa…","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Vera Innovations Company: Vera Innovations (Dover, NH) Descr.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Vera Innovations Company: Vera Innovations (Dover, NH) Description: Coffee Company Filer comment: Name change, formerly reported as Vera Roa","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_S001181_2012","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen filed 3 amendments to the 2012 Senate annual disclosure — 8 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Jeanne Shaheen's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2012 report alone, with 8 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2012,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":8,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/7F1B3F54-4EDC-4C13-A3D5-9D67770C89F8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/A5A4CE65-FE75-4D88-B8A7-E9FF84C4A984/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/99008551-4B4F-42AC-A7A4-D7EDBEB8B82A/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/7F1B3F54-4EDC-4C13-A3D5-9D67770C89F8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/A5A4CE65-FE75-4D88-B8A7-E9FF84C4A984/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen discloses 11 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 11 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Real property at 107 Storrs Street, Concord, NH Company: 107 · Route 125 Associates Company: Route 125 Associates (Dover, N · 903 Central Ave, Dover NH Company: 903 Central Ave. Associat · 76 Perkins Road Description: 76 Perkins Road (Madbury, NH).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":11,"properties":[{"name":"Real property at 107 Storrs Street, Concord, NH Company: 107 Storrs Street, LLC (Concord, NH) Description: Own","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Route 125 Associates Company: Route 125 Associates (Dover, NH) Description: Commercial rental real property Fi","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"903 Central Ave, Dover NH Company: 903 Central Ave. Associates, LLC (Dover, NH) Description: Owns commercial r","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"76 Perkins Road Description: 76 Perkins Road (Madbury, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Shop by Wheat Description: Retail Business (Anguilla, Eastern Carribean)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Molly O's Restaurant - 2 Main Street Description: Commercial Real Estate (York, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"15 Reserve Street Description: 15 Reserve Street - Land (York Beach, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"4 Main Street Description: Commercial Real Estate (York, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 PFD: 26 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (93% of 28 reported assets)","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 26 reported holdings owned by Spouse (26), Joint (0), or Dependent (0) — 93% of 28 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Shaheen & Gordon, P.A, 401K Profit Sharing Plan · Spouse: Raymond James - Money Market (St. Petersburg, FL) Type: Money Market Account · Spouse: Real property at 107 Storrs Street, Concord, NH Company: 107 Storrs Street, LLC  · Spouse: Promissory Note Company: Shaheen & Gordon, P.A. (Dover, NH).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":26,"Joint":0,"Dependent":0,"Self":1},"totalAssets":28,"familyShare":0.929,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Shaheen & Gordon, P.A, 401K Profit Sharing Plan","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Raymond James - Money Market (St. Petersburg, FL) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Real property at 107 Storrs Street, Concord, NH Company: 107 Storrs Street, LLC ","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Promissory Note Company: Shaheen & Gordon, P.A. (Dover, NH)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Shaheen Enterprises, LLC Company: Shaheen Enterprises, LLC (Dover, NH) Descripti","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P91_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen (New Hampshire) discloses 6 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Maine (6)","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen represents New Hampshire but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 6 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than New Hampshire (4 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Maine: 6. Sample: Molly O's Restaurant - 2 Main Street Description: Commercial Real Estate (York, ME) (Maine) · 15 Reserve Street Description: 15 Reserve Street - Land (York Beach, ME) (Maine) · 4 Main Street Description: Commercial Real Estate (York, ME) (Maine).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"New Hampshire","inStateCount":4,"outOfStateCount":6,"byState":{"ME":6},"samples":[{"name":"Molly O's Restaurant - 2 Main Street Description: Commercial Real Estate (York, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"ME"},{"name":"15 Reserve Street Description: 15 Reserve Street - Land (York Beach, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"ME"},{"name":"4 Main Street Description: Commercial Real Estate (York, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"ME"},{"name":"4 Railroad Ave. Description: 4 Railroad Ave. (York Beach, ME)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"ME"},{"name":"3 A Street Description: Rental unit on A Street (York, ME)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"ME"},{"name":"5 A Street Description: Rental unit on A Street (York, ME)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"ME"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_S001181","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen filed 10 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 91 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Jeanne Shaheen has filed 10 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 91 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2023 (91d late, filed 08/14/2023) · 2013 (91d late, filed 08/14/2013) · 2019 (90d late, filed 08/13/2019) · 2025 (88d late, filed 08/11/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":10,"maxDaysLate":91,"samples":[{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/14/2023","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/87a93d77-36cf-40be-b3ab-cdf168624f84/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"},{"year":2013,"filingDate":"08/14/2013","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2A29666F-4DDC-4ABB-B357-620DD589837F/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2019,"filingDate":"08/13/2019","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c8c719f6-ea9f-46d7-a719-8eabcbc4efd6/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/11/2025","daysLate":88,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/87a93d77-36cf-40be-b3ab-cdf168624f84/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2A29666F-4DDC-4ABB-B357-620DD589837F/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c8c719f6-ea9f-46d7-a719-8eabcbc4efd6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen owes 4 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: M&T Bank Bridgeport,","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.38% (30 years) from M&T Bank Bridgeport, · Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 4.5% (20 year, 5 year ARM) from M&T Bank Bridgeport, · Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 4.0% (20 years) from M&T Bank Bridgeport,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":4,"loans":[{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.38% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT","incurred":"2015"},{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.5% (20 year, 5 year ARM)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT","incurred":"2016"},{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.0% (20 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT","incurred":"2018"},{"debtor":"Spouse","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.28% (10 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT","incurred":"2020"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P99_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's spouse earned income from 2 law-firm payers on 2025 PFD — top: Emerald Group LLC Madbury,","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 2 payments to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Emerald Group LLC Madbury, NH (Self-Employment Income) · Atallah Law Group, LLC Methuen, (Other (Self-Employment Income)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":2,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Emerald Group LLC Madbury, NH","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Self-Employment Income)","payer":"Atallah Law Group, LLC Methuen, MA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P104_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 PFD lists 7 entities bearing the surname \"Shaheen\" — top: Real property at 107 Storrs","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 7 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Shaheen\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Real property at 107 Storrs (asset) · Promissory Note Company: Shaheen & (asset) · Shaheen Enterprises, LLC Company: Shaheen (asset) · Route 125 Associates Company: Route (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Shaheen","count":7,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Real property at 107 Storrs Street, Concord, NH Company: 107 Storrs Street, LLC (Concord, NH) Descri","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Promissory Note Company: Shaheen & Gordon, P.A. (Dover, NH)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Shaheen Enterprises, LLC Company: Shaheen Enterprises, LLC (Dover, NH) Description: Holding company ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Route 125 Associates Company: Route 125 Associates (Dover, NH) Description: Commercial rental real p","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"903 Central Ave, Dover NH Company: 903 Central Ave. Associates, LLC (Dover, NH) Description: Owns co","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Atlas-Heritage Title Company Company: Atlas-Heritage Title Co., LLC (Dover, NH) Description: Title s","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P110_S001181","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's PFD net worth grew 2.2× in 11 years — 2014 $2.71M → 2025 $5.90M (CAGR 7.3%)","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $2.71M in 2014 to $5.90M in 2025 — a 2.2× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 7.3%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":2.71,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":5.9,"growthFactor":2.17,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":7.31,"filingCount":15,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2523a7d-f3fd-4382-9f86-fb8813951fd9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2523a7d-f3fd-4382-9f86-fb8813951fd9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_S001181","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $5.8M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $5.8M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 33; earned-income on first filing: $2,000.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":5828014.75,"assetCount":33,"earnedIncome":2000,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2523a7d-f3fd-4382-9f86-fb8813951fd9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b2523a7d-f3fd-4382-9f86-fb8813951fd9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_S001181","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $106M across 17 cycles","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's FEC-bulk record shows $106.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 17 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":106.49,"cycleCount":17,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0NH00219"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0NH00219/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_S001181","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 31 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 31 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":31}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S001181","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen triggers 32 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen accumulates findings across 32 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 32 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":32,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P10","P11","P15","P19","P35","P36","P57","P58","P59","P61","P62","P68","P69","P78","P79","P81","P82","P84","P87","P91","P93","P96","P99","P104","P110","P135"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_S001181","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,167 sponsored, 4,229 cosponsored","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's congress.gov record shows 1,167 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1167,"cosponsoredCount":4229,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/jeanne-shaheen/S001181","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 27 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 27 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":27,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_S001181","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's PFD net worth declined 85% year-over-year — 2017 $2.69M → 2017 $0.39M","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $2.69M in 2017 to $0.39M in 2017 — a 85% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2017","priorNetWorthM":2.69,"latestYear":"2017","latestNetWorthM":0.39,"declinePct":85.32,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8476c1bd-7f7c-4d3f-adf1-63d3e5a114f1/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/582ac82d-4f79-4a89-8c02-e3aea2f59dad/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/582ac82d-4f79-4a89-8c02-e3aea2f59dad/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8476c1bd-7f7c-4d3f-adf1-63d3e5a114f1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Atallah Law Group, LLC (Other (Self-Employment Income))","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Other (Self-Employment Income) from Atallah Law Group, LLC (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Self-Employment Income)","payer":"Atallah Law Group, LLC Methuen, MA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/952e43aa-f40c-4311-b8f1-b08d3e8ff097/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/952e43aa-f40c-4311-b8f1-b08d3e8ff097/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_S001181_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 PFD lists 4 new creditors not in prior year — top: Mortgage from M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT at 3.38% (30 years)","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 4 creditors not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Mortgage from M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT at 3.38% (30 years) ($250,001 - $500,000) · Mortgage from M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT at 4.5% (20 year, 5 year ARM) ($100,001 - $250,000) · Mortgage from M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT at 4.0% (20 years) ($250,001 - $500,000) · Mortgage from M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT at 3.28% (10 years) ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":4,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2015","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.38% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT"},{"incurred":"2016","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.5% (20 year, 5 year ARM)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT"},{"incurred":"2018","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.0% (20 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT"},{"incurred":"2020","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.28% (10 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"M&T Bank Bridgeport, CT"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/952e43aa-f40c-4311-b8f1-b08d3e8ff097/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e8c30bfd-f0cc-4681-be74-cac5f5e8577f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/952e43aa-f40c-4311-b8f1-b08d3e8ff097/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NH_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NH delegation: Jeanne Shaheen & Margaret “Maggie” Hassan both flagged on 14 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NH — Jeanne Shaheen and Margaret “Maggie” Hassan — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P11, P19, P35, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NH","juniorSenatorBid":"H001076","juniorSenatorName":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P19","P35","P36","P61","P79","P82","P84","P87","P91"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001181","https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001076"]},{"id":"P199_S001181","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeanne Shaheen — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($53.2M)","explanation":"Jeanne Shaheen is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $53.2M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":53245313,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0NH00219/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000476":[{"id":"P6_T000476_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$10,687,313 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $10,687,313 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 120 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":10687313.18,"oppose":0,"events":120}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_T000476_d0l4rt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,159,920 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","explanation":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies spent $2,159,920 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011719","name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","support":2159920.23,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011719/"]},{"id":"P6_T000476_vak61s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,006,877 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Crossroads","explanation":"American Crossroads spent $2,006,877 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487363","name":"American Crossroads","support":2006876.6,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487363/"]},{"id":"P6_T000476_uvsw7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,843,177 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from John Bolton Super PAC","explanation":"John Bolton Super PAC spent $1,843,177 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 30 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00542464","name":"John Bolton Super PAC","support":1843177.43,"oppose":0,"events":30}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00542464/"]},{"id":"P7_T000476_kn7yed","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $120,331,908 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $120,331,908 opposing this member across 4302 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":120331907.85000001,"totalSupport":20808057.479999952,"events":4302,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Majority PAC","oppose":46024523.730000004},{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":34586152.08},{"name":"NEA Advocacy Fund","oppose":5639227},{"name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND)","oppose":3866937.76},{"name":"Patients For Affordable Drugs Action","oppose":3700968.0900000003}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_T000476_kocxsa","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,238,690 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 15 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $5,238,690 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":5238689.829999999,"events":15,"byYear":{"2014":3195623.5,"2020":2043066.33},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30002273","name":"CAROLINA RISING INC.","total":3179626,"events":3},{"cmteId":"C30003123","name":"PIEDMONT RISING","total":1616668.8,"events":3},{"cmteId":"C30002844","name":"DEMAND JUSTICE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":414425.52999999997,"events":4},{"cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":15997.5,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30003164","name":"PROTECT OUR CARE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":11972,"events":4}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_T000476_vi5qwf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$449,379 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $449,379 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":472052.87,"oppose":22673.45,"net":449379.42,"events":52,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":334806.88,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":122036.5,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":14239.34,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005285","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":9392,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":6520.28,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_T000476_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37392 employees of RETIRED gave $5,959,735 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 37392× RETIRED = $5,959,735; 4905× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,943,888. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":37392,"total":5959735,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":4905,"total":1943888,"years":["2000","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000476_fkzd1e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$843,495 donation spike on 2025-08-21 — 19× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-21 this committee recorded $843,495 across 524 contributions — 19× the 30-day trailing daily average of $44,449.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545772","date":"2025-08-21","amount":843495,"count":524,"baseline":44449,"ratio":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545772/"]},{"id":"P15_T000476_by4knv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$429,898 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $429,898 across 430 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $41,018.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545772","date":"2014-09-30","amount":429898,"count":430,"baseline":41018,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545772/"]},{"id":"P15_T000476_hxxx5q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$272,197 donation spike on 2020-03-03 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-03 this committee recorded $272,197 across 245 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $29,045.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545772","date":"2020-03-03","amount":272197,"count":245,"baseline":29045,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545772/"]},{"id":"P15_T000476_fl0n23","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$215,389 donation spike on 2025-06-04 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-04 this committee recorded $215,389 across 131 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,894.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545772","date":"2025-06-04","amount":215389,"count":131,"baseline":26894,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545772/"]},{"id":"P15_T000476_hxw04n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$173,297 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $173,297 across 862 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,954.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545772","date":"2020-06-30","amount":173297,"count":862,"baseline":28954,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545772/"]},{"id":"P15_T000476_2q9pk6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,450 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $113,450 across 90 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,189.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545772","date":"2013-09-30","amount":113450,"count":90,"baseline":15189,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545772/"]},{"id":"P19_T000476_ussfqc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thom Tillis campaign paid $149,704 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: MCMICHAEL COMMUNICATIONS GROUP","explanation":"Thom Tillis's campaign paid 15 disbursements totaling $149,704 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMICHAEL COMMUNICATIONS GROUP","total":62230,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMICHAEL COMMUNICATIONS GROUP","amount":62230,"date":"2021-01-28","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCT: MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TILLIS-NRSC COMMITTEE","total":30000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"TILLIS-NRSC COMMITTEE","amount":19200,"date":"2021-08-03","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JOHN KANE","surnameMatched":"tillis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"TILLIS-NRSC COMMITTEE","amount":10800,"date":"2022-02-01","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM CHUCK SCHWAB","surnameMatched":"tillis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TILLIS MAJORITY COMMITTEE","total":12500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TILLIS MAJORITY COMMITTEE","amount":12500,"date":"2025-06-18","description":"2025 CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"tillis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"2018 TILLIS SENATE CANDIDATE FUND","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"2018 TILLIS SENATE CANDIDATE FUND","amount":10000,"date":"2018-06-13","description":"","surnameMatched":"tillis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","total":8000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":3000,"date":"2004-06-02","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":3000,"date":"2004-07-01","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, LAURA","amount":2000,"date":"2004-05-04","description":"BONUS","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMICHAEL, ANDFREW","total":5800,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMICHAEL, ANDFREW","amount":5800,"date":"2022-10-23","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"mcmichael","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MCMICHAEL%20COMMUNICATIONS%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P26_T000476_9xcb4d","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 9 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Thom Tillis's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (JACKSON N","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson, Bruce Parkyn","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (JACKSON N","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Burns, Jackson, Miller, Summit & Jacoby","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (JACKSON N","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson, Sara C.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (JACKSON N","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Davis, William Jackson","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (JACKSON N","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson & Kelly","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P29_T000476_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TILLIS, Thomas Roland (Thom) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2025-12-10","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2025-12-04","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2025-12-03","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Susan Courtwright Rodriguez, of North Carolina, to be United States District Jud"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000476","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Thom Tillis has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":13,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_T000476_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CVS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Caremark Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c429067-215b-4135-a139-294609c4464c/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-20"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7c429067-215b-4135-a139-294609c4464c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_DFRG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DFRG — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $DFRG on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DFRG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DFRG","assetName":"DFRG - Del Frisco's Restaurant Group, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DFRG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_ICON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ICON — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $ICON on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ICON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ICON","assetName":"ICON - Iconix Brand Group, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ICON","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_LOCK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $LOCK — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $LOCK on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $LOCK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LOCK","assetName":"LOCK - LifeLock, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LOCK","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_PLKI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PLKI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $PLKI on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PLKI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PLKI","assetName":"PLKI - Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PLKI","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_SHOO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $SHOO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $SHOO on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $SHOO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"SHOO","assetName":"SHOO - Steven Madden, Ltd. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"SHOO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_TXRH","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $TXRH — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $TXRH on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $TXRH per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TXRH","assetName":"TXRH - Texas Roadhouse, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TXRH","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_TUMI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $TUMI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $TUMI on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $TUMI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"TUMI","assetName":"TUMI - Tumi Holdings, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"TUMI","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_CASY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CASY — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $CASY on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CASY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CASY","assetName":"CASY - Casey's General Stores, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CASY","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_CHEF","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CHEF — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $CHEF on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CHEF per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CHEF","assetName":"CHEF - The Chefs' Warehouse, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CHEF","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_JJSF","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $JJSF — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $JJSF on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $JJSF per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JJSF","assetName":"JJSF - J&J Snack Foods Corp. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JJSF","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_PBH","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PBH — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $PBH on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PBH per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PBH","assetName":"PBH - Prestige Brands Holdings, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PBH","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_THS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $THS — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $THS on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $THS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"THS","assetName":"THS - Treehouse Foods, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"THS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_VSI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $VSI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $VSI on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $VSI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"VSI","assetName":"VSI - Vitamin Shoppe, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"VSI","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_CRZO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CRZO — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $CRZO on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CRZO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CRZO","assetName":"CRZO - Carrizo Oil & Gas Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CRZO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_DRQ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DRQ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $DRQ on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DRQ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DRQ","assetName":"DRQ - Dril-Quip, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DRQ","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_FET","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $FET — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $FET on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $FET per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FET","assetName":"FET - Forum Energy Technologies, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FET","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_HLX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $HLX — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $HLX on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $HLX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HLX","assetName":"HLX - Helix Energy Solutions Group, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HLX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_AFSI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $AFSI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $AFSI on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AFSI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AFSI","assetName":"AFSI - AmTrust Financial Services, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AFSI","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_EGBN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $EGBN — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $EGBN on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $EGBN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EGBN","assetName":"EGBN - Eagle Bancorp, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EGBN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_EVR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $EVR — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $EVR on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $EVR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EVR","assetName":"EVR - Evercore Partners Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EVR","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_FMBI","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $FMBI — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $FMBI on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $FMBI per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FMBI","assetName":"FMBI - First Midwest Bancorp Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FMBI","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_PEB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PEB — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $PEB on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PEB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PEB","assetName":"PEB - Pebblebrook Hotel Trust (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PEB","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_PRIM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PRIM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $PRIM on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PRIM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PRIM","assetName":"PRIM - Primoris Services Corporation (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PRIM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_PRA","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PRA — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed an asset position in $PRA on their 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PRA per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PRA","assetName":"PRA - ProAssurance Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2015","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PRA","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-13"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_T000476_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (CVS)","explanation":"Thom Tillis discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P57_T000476","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5239K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 61% from CAROLINA RISING INC.","explanation":"Thom Tillis was the target of $5,238,689.83 in electioneering communications across 15 events from 5 different committees. The dominant spender was CAROLINA RISING INC. ($3,179,626 = 61% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":5238689.829999999,"events":15,"pacCount":5,"byYear":{"2014":3195623.5,"2020":2043066.33}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002273","name":"CAROLINA RISING INC.","total":3179626,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002273/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003123","name":"PIEDMONT RISING","total":1616668.8,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003123/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002844","name":"DEMAND JUSTICE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":414425.52999999997,"events":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002844/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":15997.5,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003164","name":"PROTECT OUR CARE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":11972,"events":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003164/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002273/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_T000476","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$472K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 71% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Thom Tillis received $472,052.87 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($334,806.88 = 71%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":472052.87,"oppose":22673.45,"byYear":{"2014":117550.68999999999,"2020":377175.63},"corpCount":9},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":334806.88,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":122036.5,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":14239.34,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005285","name":"COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":9392,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005285/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002761","name":"NARAL PRO-CHOICE AMERICA","support":0,"oppose":6520.28,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002761/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_T000476","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (6 total findings) — ie support concentration (4), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Thom Tillis triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 6 total findings across them: ie support concentration (4), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":6,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":4},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_T000476","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $190,000","explanation":"Thom Tillis received campaign contributions totaling $190,000 from 34 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 34 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000); TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($10,000); CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC. ($10,000); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($10,000); SOCIETY OF INDEPENDENT GASOLINE MARKETERS OF AMERI ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":34,"totalDollars":190000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION PAC (AAHOA PAC)","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SOCIETY OF INDEPENDENT GASOLINE MARKETERS OF AMERICA PAC","ldaClient":"SOCIETY OF INDEPENDENT GASOLINE MARKETERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_T000476","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $843,495 on 2025-08-21 (19.0× normal)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $843,495 on 2025-08-21 — 19.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":1273393,"maxRatio":19,"maxAmount":843495},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-08-21","amount":843495,"ratio":19,"baselineDaily":44449,"count":524,"cmteId":"C00545772","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00545772&min_date=2025-08-21&max_date=2025-08-21"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-09-30","amount":429898,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":41018,"count":430,"cmteId":"C00545772","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00545772&min_date=2014-09-30&max_date=2014-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545772/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00545772&min_date=2025-08-21&max_date=2025-08-21"]},{"id":"P63_T000476","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 175 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Thom Tillis's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 175 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): IBM, IXN, IWD, IWM, DODFX, HNACX, PMAQX, PONPX, IEMG, IWF, ABNFX, MAHQX, CIVIX, EGFIX, GSIMX, … (160 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":175,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["IBM","IXN","IWD","IWM","DODFX","HNACX","PMAQX","PONPX","IEMG","IWF","ABNFX","MAHQX","CIVIX","EGFIX","GSIMX","GQGIX","HDGIX","NMVLX","OANMX","IEFA","IVV","IWP","FBND","TLT","SBPYX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_T000476_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Healthcare stock (CVS) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Thom Tillis's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Healthcare stocks — CVS — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2014). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2014","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0f005fe7-3e64-47a6-a66e-139c59f37fa8/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0f005fe7-3e64-47a6-a66e-139c59f37fa8/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_T000476_2015-02-13","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"93 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2015-02-13 — 93 unique tickers","explanation":"Thom Tillis executed 93 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2015-02-13 to 2015-02-13), spanning 93 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2015-02-13","windowEnd":"2015-02-13","tradeCount":93,"uniqueTickers":93,"totalDisclosedTrades":98,"sampleTickers":["ICON","LL","DFRG","HUBG","PLT","SGY","ATRO","JJSF","CYBX","AFSI"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P68_T000476","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 3 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$4.1M","explanation":"Thom Tillis's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 3 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $4,125,001.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Huntersville Residence Description: Prim (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Washington Residence Description: Condo  (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Nashville Residence Description: Condo ( (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":3,"totalEstMidpoint":4125001.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Huntersville Residence Description: Primary Residence - House (Huntersville, NC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"},{"name":"Washington Residence Description: Condo (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"},{"name":"Nashville Residence Description: Condo (Nashville, TN)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_T000476","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Partner at TRT Holdings LLC Huntersville, NC","explanation":"Thom Tillis's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2018) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at TRT Holdings LLC Huntersville, NC (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2018","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2007 to Aug 2017","role":"Partner","entity":"TRT Holdings LLC Huntersville, NC","entityType":"Corporation"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a5641ff5-edce-4913-abcc-567e8937c2b5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a5641ff5-edce-4913-abcc-567e8937c2b5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_T000476_2015","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 24 new ticker holdings in 2015 not present in prior PFD filings — including THRM, MNRO, CRR, OAS, SGY, FNGN","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 24 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: THRM, MNRO, CRR, OAS, SGY, FNGN, HF, PRAA, SIGI, SSB, WAL, IPCM.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2015,"count":24,"newTickers":["THRM","MNRO","CRR","OAS","SGY","FNGN","HF","PRAA","SIGI","SSB","WAL","IPCM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b266a0c8-13e2-4fee-af0c-014c86dd889b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_T000476","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 23 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 119 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Thom Tillis appears in 23 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 119 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 23 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (89); daily donation spike (6); ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":23,"totalFindings":119,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":89},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000476","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_T000476_2016","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 117 ticker holdings between 2015 and 2016 — including ME, DAN, DFRG, ICON, LOCK, MORN","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 117 ticker holdings present in the 2015 filing but absent in 2016. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: ME, DAN, DFRG, ICON, LOCK, MORN, PIR, PLKI, SHOO, TXRH, TUMI, WWW.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2015,2016],"count":117,"divestedTickers":["ME","DAN","DFRG","ICON","LOCK","MORN","PIR","PLKI","SHOO","TXRH","TUMI","WWW"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caacfbda-c556-4b3c-9cb9-849d99436551/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caacfbda-c556-4b3c-9cb9-849d99436551/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_T000476_2014","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis filed 2 amendments to the 2014 Senate annual disclosure — 9 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Thom Tillis's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2014 report alone, with 9 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2014,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":9,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Candidate Report  (Amendment 2)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dff83ca8-ef6e-4960-9810-a0ab10d137d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/21130e5c-b68c-491a-879d-dd61a4ea84ae/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dff83ca8-ef6e-4960-9810-a0ab10d137d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/21130e5c-b68c-491a-879d-dd61a4ea84ae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_T000476_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis's 2025 PFD: 32 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (91% of 35 reported assets)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 32 reported holdings owned by Spouse (0), Joint (32), or Dependent (0) — 91% of 35 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Washington Residence Description: Condo (Washington, DC) · Joint: Nashville Residence Description: Condo (Nashville, TN) · Joint: Huntersville Residence Description: Primary Residence - House (Huntersville, NC) · Joint: Wells Fargo - Banking/Checking (Cornelius, NC) Type: Checking.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":0,"Joint":32,"Dependent":0,"Self":2},"totalAssets":35,"familyShare":0.914,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Washington Residence Description: Condo (Washington, DC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Nashville Residence Description: Condo (Nashville, TN)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Huntersville Residence Description: Primary Residence - House (Huntersville, NC)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Wells Fargo - Banking/Checking (Cornelius, NC) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Morgan Stanley Brokerage Account X066","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_T000476_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Huntersville Residence Description: Primary Residence - House (Huntersville, NC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_T000476","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis's campaign paid $34,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: GARDNER TILLIS VICTORY ($24,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $34,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GARDNER TILLIS VICTORY ($24,000 across 2 payments, services: POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION · ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":34000,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GARDNER TILLIS VICTORY","total":24000,"count":2,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","ANNUAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"2018 TILLIS SENATE CANDIDATE FUND","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]}],"surname":"tillis"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4NC00162&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_T000476_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis (North Carolina) discloses 2 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: District of Columbia (1)","explanation":"Thom Tillis represents North Carolina but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than North Carolina (1 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: District of Columbia: 1 · Tennessee: 1. Sample: Washington Residence Description: Condo (Washington, DC) (District of Columbia) · Nashville Residence Description: Condo (Nashville, TN) (Tennessee).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"North Carolina","inStateCount":1,"outOfStateCount":2,"byState":{"DC":1,"TN":1},"samples":[{"name":"Washington Residence Description: Condo (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"DC"},{"name":"Nashville Residence Description: Condo (Nashville, TN)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"TN"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_T000476_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis owes 2 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Cornelius,","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Home Equity Line of Credit ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 2.75% (30 years) from Wells Fargo Cornelius, · Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 3.5% (30 years) from Wells Fargo Cornelius,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":2,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Home Equity Line of Credit","rate":"2.75% (30 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Cornelius, NC","incurred":"2005"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.5% (30 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Cornelius, NC","incurred":"2005"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_T000476_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis holds 1 ticker on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — IBM ($3.6M)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $3.6M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: IBM ($3.6M, 4 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":3.63,"holdings":[{"ticker":"IBM","totalLobby":3630000,"recordCount":4,"topClient":"INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (IBM)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P108_T000476_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $22M) — top: IBM ($21.8M)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $22M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: IBM ($21.8M, 7 contracts, Federal Communications Commission).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":21.81,"holdings":[{"ticker":"IBM","total":21811577.12,"count":7,"agencies":["Federal Communications Commission","Department of Justice","Department of the Treasury"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_T000476","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis named on 4 Joint Fundraising Committees ($6.8M total receipts) — top: THOM TILLIS NC VICTORY COMMITTEE 2020","explanation":"Thom Tillis appears as a candidate beneficiary on 4 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $6.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: THOM TILLIS NC VICTORY COMMITTEE 2020 (C00735167, $2.0M receipts, treasurer MCMICHAEL, COLLIN). Active years: 2, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":4,"totalReceiptsM":6.82,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00735167","name":"THOM TILLIS NC VICTORY COMMITTEE 2020","receipts":2025826.36,"treasurer":"MCMICHAEL, COLLIN","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00735167/"},{"committeeId":"C00564633","name":"THOM TILLIS VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1859164.96,"treasurer":"COLLIN MCMICHAEL","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00564633/"},{"committeeId":"C00784413","name":"TILLIS AND COLLEAGUES VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1722900,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784413/"},{"committeeId":"C00572495","name":"TILLIS MAJORITY COMMITTEE","receipts":1216845.3599999999,"treasurer":"COLLIN MCMICHAEL","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00572495/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00735167/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00735167/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P135_T000476","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $9.8M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Thom Tillis's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $9.8M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 157; earned-income on first filing: $56,097.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":9766578,"assetCount":157,"earnedIncome":56097,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dff83ca8-ef6e-4960-9810-a0ab10d137d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dff83ca8-ef6e-4960-9810-a0ab10d137d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_T000476","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.9M across 10 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's FEC-bulk record shows $18.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $91.7M (PAC: $18.9M, individual: $62.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":91.67,"lifetimeIndividualM":62.93,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S4NC00162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4NC00162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_T000476","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $92M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Thom Tillis's FEC-bulk record shows $91.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":91.67,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4NC00162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4NC00162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_T000476","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis triggers 19 HIGH-severity findings across 37 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Thom Tillis accumulates 19 HIGH-severity findings across 37 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":19,"distinctDetectorTypes":37}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_T000476","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis triggers 38 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Thom Tillis accumulates findings across 38 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 38 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":38,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P14","P15","P19","P26","P29","P36","P53","P54","P57","P58","P59","P61","P62","P63","P64","P65","P68","P70","P74","P78","P79","P82","P87","P88","P90","P91"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P156_T000476","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis's PFD earned income grew 3.1× year-over-year — 2015 $56K → 2016 $176K","explanation":"Thom Tillis's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $56,097 in 2015 to $176,000 in 2016 — a 3.1× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2015","priorIncome":56097,"latestYear":"2016","latestIncome":176000,"growthFactor":3.14,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7ffeb314-bfc3-472c-96ff-46660763ab82/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caacfbda-c556-4b3c-9cb9-849d99436551/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/caacfbda-c556-4b3c-9cb9-849d99436551/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7ffeb314-bfc3-472c-96ff-46660763ab82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P157_T000476","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 672 sponsored, 2,586 cosponsored","explanation":"Thom Tillis's congress.gov record shows 672 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":672,"cosponsoredCount":2586,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/thom-tillis/T000476","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P166_T000476","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis's PFD net worth declined 39% year-over-year — 2017 $8.67M → 2018 $5.28M","explanation":"Thom Tillis's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $8.67M in 2017 to $5.28M in 2018 — a 39% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2017","priorNetWorthM":8.67,"latestYear":"2018","latestNetWorthM":5.28,"declinePct":39.08,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6c0c295d-08a5-4a3f-b834-1cd880e19737/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a5641ff5-edce-4913-abcc-567e8937c2b5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a5641ff5-edce-4913-abcc-567e8937c2b5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6c0c295d-08a5-4a3f-b834-1cd880e19737/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_T000476_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis's 2025 PFD initiated 1 large new ticker position (≥$100K) — top: FBND ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 new ticker position in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: FBND ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"FBND","asset":"FBND - Fidelity Total Bond ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f91f59d-3962-48bd-a19f-fa97f502642f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5f91f59d-3962-48bd-a19f-fa97f502642f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NC_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NC delegation: Thom Tillis & Ted Budd both flagged on 21 shared detector types (7 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NC — Thom Tillis and Ted Budd — are flagged on the same 21 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 7 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P8, P9, P14, P15, P19, P29.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NC","juniorSenatorBid":"B001305","juniorSenatorName":"Ted Budd","sharedDetectorCount":21,"sharedHighCount":7,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P14","P15","P19","P29","P36","P57","P61","P62","P68","P70","P74","P79"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000476","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001305"]},{"id":"P178_T000476_2015-02-13","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thom Tillis — 93 trades on 2015-02-13","explanation":"Thom Tillis disclosed 93 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2015-02-13). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2015-02-13","count":93}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_T000476","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (98/98)","explanation":"Thom Tillis's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":98,"atBracket":98,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_T000476","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis — 96 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Thom Tillis has traded 96 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":96,"sample":["KD","CVS","AQFH","ICON","LL","DFRG","HUBG","PLT","SGY","ATRO"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_T000476_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thom Tillis — 24 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Thom Tillis's 2025 Senate PFD shows 24 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":24,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/694ca41e-d422-4487-9d24-15ebab43930e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_T000476","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thom Tillis — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($45.8M)","explanation":"Thom Tillis is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $45.8M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":45832500,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4NC00162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P53_T000476_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+64 more P53 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Thom Tillis accumulated 89 P53 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 64 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 0 MEDIUM · 64 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P53","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":64,"totalRaw":89,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":0,"LOW":64}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000476"]}],"T000478":[{"id":"P6_T000478_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$349,532 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NRCC","explanation":"NRCC spent $349,532 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NRCC","support":349531.93,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P7_T000478_g1yqih","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $21,340,953 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $21,340,953 opposing this member across 283 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":21340953.42000001,"totalSupport":564076.48,"events":283,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":8359445.779999999},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":6621217.819999999},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":1216870.2499999998},{"name":"Grow the Economy Pac, LLC","oppose":998071.4099999999},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","oppose":799954.42}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_T000478_n5knv6","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $5,861,141 in itemized individual contributions, $3,653,568 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5861141,"buckets":{"$200 and under":145882,"$200.01-$499":365991,"$500-$999":579135,"$1000-$1999":1116565,"$2000 and over":3653568},"megaShare":62.3,"smallDonorShare":2.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_T000478_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17251 employees of RETIRED gave $1,469,135 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 17251× RETIRED = $1,469,135. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":17251,"total":1469135,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000478_6z6bi2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,492 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $78,492 across 80 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,932.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00632828","date":"2020-06-30","amount":78492,"count":80,"baseline":7932,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632828/"]},{"id":"P15_T000478_6z4ejh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,007 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $71,007 across 118 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,848.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00632828","date":"2020-09-30","amount":71007,"count":118,"baseline":9848,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632828/"]},{"id":"P15_T000478_7p61rf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,047 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $58,047 across 62 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,276.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00632828","date":"2021-03-31","amount":58047,"count":62,"baseline":6276,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632828/"]},{"id":"P15_T000478_mdm8y0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,415 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $52,415 across 64 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,914.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00632828","date":"2022-06-30","amount":52415,"count":64,"baseline":7914,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00632828/"]},{"id":"P35_T000478_uulh5s","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE both supported ($98,362) and opposed ($528,272) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Claudia Tenney advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00568444","name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","support":98362,"oppose":528272,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568444/"]},{"id":"P35_T000478_uxbtu2","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NATIONAL HORIZON both supported ($10,000) and opposed ($19,200) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Claudia Tenney advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00519363","name":"NATIONAL HORIZON","support":10000,"oppose":19200,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00519363/"]},{"id":"P36_T000478","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Claudia Tenney has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P109_T000478","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Claudia Tenney named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.5M total receipts) — top: CLAUDIA TENNEY FOR CONGRESS VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Claudia Tenney appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CLAUDIA TENNEY FOR CONGRESS VICTORY FUND (C00778134, $2.5M receipts, treasurer HOBBS, CABELL). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.45,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00778134","name":"CLAUDIA TENNEY FOR CONGRESS VICTORY FUND","receipts":2451004,"treasurer":"HOBBS, CABELL","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00778134/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00778134/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00778134/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_T000478","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Claudia Tenney draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.0M PAC / $32.5M total)","explanation":"Claudia Tenney's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.0M of $32.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":32.52,"pacSharePct":30.8,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4NY22051"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY22051/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_T000478","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Claudia Tenney — DW-NOMINATE 0.46 vs NY delegation mean -0.09 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Claudia Tenney's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.46) is 1.7 standard deviations from the NY delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NY","memberScore":0.464,"delegationMean":-0.0898086956521739,"zscore":"1.67"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C001056":[{"id":"P6_C001056_uvsxtk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$5,312,825 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from TEXANS FOR A CONSERVATIVE MAJORITY","explanation":"TEXANS FOR A CONSERVATIVE MAJORITY spent $5,312,825 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00542217","name":"TEXANS FOR A CONSERVATIVE MAJORITY","support":5312824.73,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00542217/"]},{"id":"P6_C001056_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,829,907 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $3,829,907 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 88 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":3829906.75,"oppose":0,"events":88}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_C001056_uguimb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$654,900 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","explanation":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC. spent $654,900 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00608943","name":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","support":654900,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608943/"]},{"id":"P6_C001056_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$348,190 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $348,190 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":348190,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P7_C001056_j3jtc2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $18,475,702 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $18,475,702 opposing this member across 326 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":18475702.140000008,"totalSupport":10652520.869999997,"events":326,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":8613044.09},{"name":"FF PAC","oppose":7621310.82},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":1011711.13},{"name":"FIGHTING FOR TEXAS","oppose":700000},{"name":"LONE STAR LIBERTY PAC","oppose":388289}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001056_ec64sg","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$495,947 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $495,947 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":495946.62,"oppose":0,"net":495946.62,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":446764.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":49182.35,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001056_rir5z2","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $14,985,521 / spent $14,426,682","explanation":"This member sponsors 16 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00387464","cmteName":"ALAMO PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":972375,"totalDisbursements":863960.2,"cashOnHand":109070.74},{"cmteId":"C00387464","cmteName":"ALAMO PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":1425692.4,"totalDisbursements":1280365.9,"cashOnHand":254397.2},{"cmteId":"C00387464","cmteName":"ALAMO PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":1202061.7,"totalDisbursements":1314736.8,"cashOnHand":141722.09},{"cmteId":"C00570861","cmteName":"R SENATE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":10000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":10000},{"cmteId":"C00387464","cmteName":"ALAMO PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1767720.4,"totalDisbursements":1907077.5,"cashOnHand":2365.02}],"totalRaised":14985520.9,"totalSpent":14426681.600000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001056_z560c1","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $1,921,213 in itemized individual contributions, $1,304,600 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1921213,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-22350,"$200.01-$499":20618,"$500-$999":131595,"$1000-$1999":486750,"$2000 and over":1304600},"megaShare":67.9,"smallDonorShare":-1.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001056_2cbww1","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Cornyn campaign paid $146,330 to 21 surname-matched vendors, top: MARSTON, MICHELLE","explanation":"John Cornyn's campaign paid 35 disbursements totaling $146,330 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","total":53726.020000000004,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":15000,"date":"2009-04-06","description":"CONSULTING--CAMPAIGN MANAGEMEN","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":11976.02,"date":"2008-11-17","description":"REIMBURSEMENT (SEE BELOW)","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHELLE","amount":10000,"date":"2008-11-12","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, JIM","total":19600,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, JIM","amount":9800,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARSTON, JIM","amount":9800,"date":"2020-12-01","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, HALL","total":11200,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, HALL","amount":5600,"date":"2020-10-18","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARSTON, HALL","amount":5600,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, STEPHEN","total":7160,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, STEPHEN","amount":5570,"date":"2020-10-20","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MARSTON, STEPHEN","amount":1590,"date":"2020-10-20","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARSTON, MICHAEL","total":6601,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHAEL","amount":2300,"date":"2008-06-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHAEL","amount":2300,"date":"2008-03-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"MARSTON, MICHAEL","amount":2001,"date":"2022-10-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"REGINA MARSTON FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 42","total":6500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"REGINA MARSTON FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 42","amount":5000,"date":"2020-02-28","description":"2020 PRIMARY ELECTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"REGINA MARSTON FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 42","amount":1500,"date":"2020-01-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"marston","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARSTON"]},{"id":"P25_C001056_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of PAC dollars ($1,186,314) come from Agriculture industry","explanation":"John Cornyn receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Agriculture issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Agriculture","amount":1186313.87,"share":61.5,"totalPAC":1929051.21,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":1186313.87,"share":61.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":587549.46,"share":30.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":155187.87999999998,"share":8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001056","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"John Cornyn has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_C001056_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"John Cornyn disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6035bf3f-8234-4bf4-8f1c-3746ef835a4b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-08-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6035bf3f-8234-4bf4-8f1c-3746ef835a4b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_C001056","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$496K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 90% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"John Cornyn received $495,946.62 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($446,764.27 = 90%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":495946.62,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2014":83885.44,"2020":412061.18},"corpCount":2},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":446764.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":49182.35,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P70_C001056","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Other (Board Member) at Clements Center Statecraft Board Austin, Texas","explanation":"John Cornyn's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Board Member) at Clements Center Statecraft Board Austin, Texas (Educational Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2013 to present","role":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"Clements Center Statecraft Board Austin, Texas","entityType":"Educational Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_C001056","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$99,632.99 in outside earned income — top source: Judicial Retirement System of Texas (Formerly Employees Reti ($$60,009.60)","explanation":"John Cornyn's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $99,632.99 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 4 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Judicial Retirement System of Texas (Formerly Employees Reti ($60,009.60, Other (Retirement Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plan)); UBS Inherited IRA Weehawken, NEW JERSEY ($19,073.27, Other (IRA Distribution)); Employees Retirement System of Texas Austin, TEXAS (TX) ($11,347.44, Other (Retirement Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plan)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":99632.99,"count":4,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Retirement Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plan)","source":"Judicial Retirement System of Texas (Formerly Employees Retirement System of Tex","amount":"$60,009.60","amountNumeric":60009.6},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (IRA Distribution)","source":"UBS Inherited IRA Weehawken, NEW JERSEY","amount":"$19,073.27","amountNumeric":19073.27},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Retirement Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plan)","source":"Employees Retirement System of Texas Austin, TEXAS (TX)","amount":"$11,347.44","amountNumeric":11347.44},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Retirement Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plan)","source":"TX County and District Retirement System Austin, TEXAS (TX)","amount":"$9,202.68","amountNumeric":9202.68}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_C001056_2016","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 9 new ticker holdings in 2016 not present in prior PFD filings — including ANEFX, AAPL, SMCWX, AGTHX, ANWPX, AMRMX","explanation":"John Cornyn's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 9 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: ANEFX, AAPL, SMCWX, AGTHX, ANWPX, AMRMX, ANCFX, AIVSX, CAIBX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2016,"count":9,"newTickers":["ANEFX","AAPL","SMCWX","AGTHX","ANWPX","AMRMX","ANCFX","AIVSX","CAIBX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b0b83009-7029-45ea-a523-3e66a04e3be5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b0b83009-7029-45ea-a523-3e66a04e3be5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001056","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 16 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Cornyn appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 16 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":16,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001056","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_C001056_2012","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Cornyn filed 5 amendments to the 2012 Senate annual disclosure — 11 total amendments across 3 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John Cornyn's Senate eFD record shows 5 amendments to the 2012 report alone, with 11 amendments across 3 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2012,"amendmentCount":5,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":11,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":3,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/45CE22E4-8041-41F0-B182-34D1FA3DF26B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/7FDBB553-CBF4-43BF-BE19-B6E63A74E3C8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/0F22F482-06AE-4680-B77F-D3571FFAD2B6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/23ADF82F-63DC-4A2C-80C1-CBAF068F0CDE/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/45CE22E4-8041-41F0-B182-34D1FA3DF26B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/7FDBB553-CBF4-43BF-BE19-B6E63A74E3C8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_C001056_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn's 2025 PFD: 15 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (48% of 31 reported assets)","explanation":"John Cornyn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 15 reported holdings owned by Spouse (13), Joint (2), or Dependent (0) — 48% of 31 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Bank of America checking account (Austin, Texas) Type: Checking · Joint: Bank of America savings account (Austin, Texas) Type: Savings · Spouse: UBS IRA (Spouse) · Spouse: UBS Bank USA Deposit account (San Antonio, Texas) Type: IRA Cash Accounts.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":13,"Joint":2,"Dependent":0,"Self":15},"totalAssets":31,"familyShare":0.484,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of America checking account (Austin, Texas) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of America savings account (Austin, Texas) Type: Savings","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"UBS IRA (Spouse)","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"UBS Bank USA Deposit account (San Antonio, Texas) Type: IRA Cash Accounts","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"SMCWX - American Funds Smallcap World A","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_C001056","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn filed 8 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 80 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. John Cornyn has filed 8 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 80 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2011 (80d late, filed 08/03/2011) · 2020 (63d late, filed 07/17/2020) · 2012 (63d late, filed 07/17/2012) · 2012 (63d late, filed 07/17/2012).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":8,"maxDaysLate":80,"samples":[{"year":2011,"filingDate":"08/03/2011","daysLate":80,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/0F74DB08-0AAB-46F3-ACCE-A8FBF7067E18/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"07/17/2020","daysLate":63,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4fea0333-4f41-4415-869d-b0e893e03e9a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2012,"filingDate":"07/17/2012","daysLate":63,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/45CE22E4-8041-41F0-B182-34D1FA3DF26B/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2012,"filingDate":"07/17/2012","daysLate":63,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/7FDBB553-CBF4-43BF-BE19-B6E63A74E3C8/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/0F74DB08-0AAB-46F3-ACCE-A8FBF7067E18/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4fea0333-4f41-4415-869d-b0e893e03e9a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/45CE22E4-8041-41F0-B182-34D1FA3DF26B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_C001056_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Cornyn owes 4 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Des","explanation":"John Cornyn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 4.375% (30) from Wells Fargo Des · Mortgage ($$50,001 - $100,000) at 3% (15) from Wells Fargo Des · Revolving Charge ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 27.24% (NA) from Citibank Louisville, KY.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":4,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.375% (30)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Des Moines, IA","incurred":"2010"},{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3% (15)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Des Moines, IA","incurred":"2012"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"27.24% (NA)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Citibank Louisville, KY","incurred":"2024"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"25.99% (NA)","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000","creditor":"Citibank Louisville, KY","incurred":"2024"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P98_C001056_2025","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Cornyn carries 2 high-rate debt entries (≥12% APR) on 2025 PFD — top: 27.24% (NA) Revolving Charge","explanation":"John Cornyn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Revolving Charge 27.24% (NA) from Citibank Louisville, KY ($$15,001 - $50,000) · Revolving Charge 25.99% (NA) from Citibank Louisville, KY ($$10,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2025","count":2,"loans":[{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"27.24% (NA)","creditor":"Citibank Louisville, KY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"25.99% (NA)","creditor":"Citibank Louisville, KY","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P100_C001056_2025","pattern_type":"P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn's spouse earned income from 1 finance-industry payer on 2025 PFD — top: UBS SEP-IRA Weehawken, NEW","explanation":"John Cornyn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a major financial-services firm (investment bank, hedge fund, private equity, asset manager, or commercial bank). Spouse compensation from a regulated finance firm establishes ongoing household income dependence on the firm's profitability — every committee vote affecting capital requirements, broker-dealer rules, private-fund regulations, or merger-and-acquisition policy moves the senator's family balance sheet. Payers: UBS SEP-IRA Weehawken, NEW JERSEY (Other (IRA Distribution)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_finance","year":"2025","count":1,"onFinanceCommittee":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (IRA Distribution)","payer":"UBS SEP-IRA Weehawken, NEW JERSEY","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.sec.gov/edgar"]},{"id":"P109_C001056","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Cornyn named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($74.4M total receipts) — top: CORNYN VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"John Cornyn appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $74.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CORNYN VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00770180, $40.3M receipts, treasurer PURPURA, SALVATORE A). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":74.38,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00770180","name":"CORNYN VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":40331726.25,"treasurer":"PURPURA, SALVATORE A","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770180/"},{"committeeId":"C00460378","name":"CORNYN MAJORITY COMMITTEE","receipts":19901149.83,"treasurer":"KEITH A DAVIS","activeYears":8,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460378/"},{"committeeId":"C00697730","name":"CORNYN MAJORITY TEXAS","receipts":14143237.5,"treasurer":"KEITH A DAVIS","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00697730/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770180/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00770180/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P134_C001056","pattern_type":"P134_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH_BEATS_MARKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Cornyn's PFD net worth grew 23.9% CAGR over 9 years — beats S&P 500 (~10%) by +13.9pp","explanation":"John Cornyn's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.15M in 2016 to $1.01M in 2025 — a 23.9% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over 9 years. The S&P 500's long-run total-return CAGR has averaged ~10%; this senator's portfolio outperformed the broad market by approximately +13.9 percentage points per year. Sustained outperformance of this magnitude is statistically rare for a buy-and-hold long-only portfolio — most professional managers underperform the index after fees. Sustained outperformance signals one or more of: (a) skilled active management with risk-on positioning during favorable cycles, (b) concentrated successful sector bets (often telegraphed by P130 sector-concentration), (c) business-deal income (book deals, board fees, consulting, executive compensation), or (d) external windfall (inheritance, real-estate appreciation in concentrated geography). The growth period is the journalist's hook — what specific filings show the inflection points?","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_market_outperformance","earliestYear":"2016","earliestNetWorthM":0.15,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":1.01,"yearsCovered":9,"cagrPct":23.86,"spBenchmarkCagrPct":10,"outperformancePct":13.86,"filingCount":10,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b0b83009-7029-45ea-a523-3e66a04e3be5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b0b83009-7029-45ea-a523-3e66a04e3be5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_C001056","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Cornyn ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $29.0M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"John Cornyn's FEC-bulk record shows $29.0M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $184.3M (PAC: $29.0M, individual: $117.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":29.05,"lifetimeReceiptsM":184.26,"lifetimeIndividualM":117.1,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S2TX00106"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00106/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_C001056","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Cornyn ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $184M across 18 cycles","explanation":"John Cornyn's FEC-bulk record shows $184.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":184.26,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2TX00106"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00106/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C001056","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Cornyn's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Agriculture ($1.19M / $1.19M classified)","explanation":"John Cornyn's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Agriculture industry — $1.19M of $1.19M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $1.19M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":1.19,"totalPacAmountM":1.19,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":1.19}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00106/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_C001056","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John Cornyn accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":25}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_C001056","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn operates leadership PACs with $15.0M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: ALAMO PAC","explanation":"John Cornyn operates 2 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $15.0M and disbursements of $14.4M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: ALAMO PAC (C00387464). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":14.99,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":14.43,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00387464","cmteName":"ALAMO PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00570861","cmteName":"R SENATE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00387464/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_C001056","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($15.0M combined receipts)","explanation":"John Cornyn operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $15.0M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: ALAMO PAC (C00387464) · R SENATE PAC (C00570861).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.99,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00387464","cmteName":"ALAMO PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00570861","cmteName":"R SENATE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00387464/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570861/"]},{"id":"P153_C001056","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn's leadership PACs disbursed $14.4M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"John Cornyn's leadership PACs disbursed $14.4M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: ALAMO PAC (C00387464).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":14.43,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00387464","cmteName":"ALAMO PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00387464/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_C001056","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Cornyn ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,593 sponsored, 4,023 cosponsored","explanation":"John Cornyn's congress.gov record shows 1,593 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1593,"cosponsoredCount":4023,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/john-cornyn/C001056","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_C001056_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 30 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"John Cornyn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 30 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":30,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P164_C001056_2025","pattern_type":"P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Cornyn's 2025 PFD shows 4 inherited-wealth indicators — top: UBS Inherited IRA","explanation":"John Cornyn's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 holdings explicitly described as inherited (Inherited IRA, Estate of, Beneficiary of, Legacy fund, Bequest). Inherited assets are functionally distinct from earned wealth: they were transferred at death and typically come with stepped-up basis (IRC Section 1014), generation-skipping considerations, and minimum-distribution rules (post-SECURE Act 10-year payout for non-spouse beneficiaries). Heavy inherited-wealth holdings indicate intergenerational wealth transmission — relevant context for the senator's votes on estate tax, stepped-up basis preservation, SECURE Act amendments, and trust-and-estate tax policy. Inherited holdings: UBS Inherited IRA · UBS Bank USA Deposit account (Inherited IRA) (San Antonio, T · Talcott Resolution Life & Annuities (Inherited Annuity) Prov · Talcott Resolution Life & Annuities (Inherited Annuity) Prov.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_inherited_wealth","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"name":"UBS Inherited IRA","type":"Retirement Plans IRA","value":"--"},{"name":"UBS Bank USA Deposit account (Inherited IRA) (San Antonio, Texas) Type: IRA Cash Accounts","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Talcott Resolution Life & Annuities (Inherited Annuity) Provider: Talcott Resolution Life & Annuities","type":"Annuity Fixed","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Talcott Resolution Life & Annuities (Inherited Annuity) Provider: Talcott Resolution Life & Annuities","type":"Annuity Fixed","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions"]},{"id":"P172_TX_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"TX delegation: John Cornyn & Ted Cruz both flagged on 15 shared detector types (6 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from TX — John Cornyn and Ted Cruz — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 6 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P19, P25, P36, P53, P70.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"TX","juniorSenatorBid":"C001098","juniorSenatorName":"Ted Cruz","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":6,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P19","P25","P36","P53","P70","P74","P82","P87","P96","P98","P100","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001056","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001098"]},{"id":"P181_C001056","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn — 82 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"John Cornyn sponsored 82 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":82}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_C001056_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cornyn — 14 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Cornyn's 2025 Senate PFD shows 14 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":14,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24280fe2-a3f8-485c-bdce-f5991d22c1cb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_C001056","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Cornyn — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($92.1M)","explanation":"John Cornyn is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $92.1M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":92130588,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2TX00106/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001288":[{"id":"P6_B001288_tyqqam","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$936,744 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED WE WIN SUPER PAC","explanation":"UNITED WE WIN SUPER PAC spent $936,744 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00726208","name":"UNITED WE WIN SUPER PAC","support":936743.5,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00726208/"]},{"id":"P6_B001288_uvq8or","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$532,447 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Mobilization Project","explanation":"Mobilization Project spent $532,447 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00546911","name":"Mobilization Project","support":532446.9199999999,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546911/"]},{"id":"P7_B001288_of7e8x","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,609,293 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,609,293 opposing this member across 161 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8609293.09,"totalSupport":1887923.13,"events":161,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":8137989.6},{"name":"American Principles Fund","oppose":257000},{"name":"American Commitment Action Fund","oppose":186230},{"name":"New Jersey Family First","oppose":24557.46},{"name":"Public Advocate of the United States","oppose":2221.4300000000003}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001288_bcw3sx","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$306,020 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $306,020 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":329661.68999999994,"oppose":23641.52,"net":306020.1699999999,"events":49,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":136101.66999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":90221.61,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":81853,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":23641.52,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":14513.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001288_ea370p","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $6,356,660 / spent $5,696,440","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00497131","cmteName":"PURPOSE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":343685.8,"totalDisbursements":290396.7,"cashOnHand":103237.17},{"cmteId":"C00497131","cmteName":"PURPOSE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":659167.8,"totalDisbursements":662404.3,"cashOnHand":100000.68},{"cmteId":"C00497131","cmteName":"PURPOSE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":1230500.8,"totalDisbursements":1235963,"cashOnHand":94538.55},{"cmteId":"C00497131","cmteName":"PURPOSE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":1026852.3,"totalDisbursements":957037.8,"cashOnHand":164353.11},{"cmteId":"C00497131","cmteName":"PURPOSE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":1114720.2,"totalDisbursements":859981.7,"cashOnHand":419091.58}],"totalRaised":6356660.300000001,"totalSpent":5696440}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P12_B001288_2e4rm7","pattern_type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of itemized donations from outside NJ","explanation":"Only $3,481,459 of $16,496,508 itemized individual contributions came from NJ. The rest — $13,015,049 — flowed in from out-of-state donors, suggesting national interest-group funding over constituent-based support.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_zip","homeState":"NJ","homeStateTotal":3481459,"outOfStateTotal":13015049,"outOfStateShare":78.9,"topOutOfStateZips":[{"stateZip3":"NY100","amount":2108517},{"stateZip3":"CA900","amount":623654},{"stateZip3":"CA940","amount":582633},{"stateZip3":"CA941","amount":480696},{"stateZip3":"NY105","amount":347676}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001288_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89696 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $8,149,439 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 89696× NOT EMPLOYED = $8,149,439; 12935× SELF-EMPLOYED = $2,537,857. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":89696,"total":8149439,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":12935,"total":2537857,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001288_9dxo3w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,023,506 donation spike on 2025-04-01 — 22.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-04-01 this committee recorded $1,023,506 across 4774 contributions — 22.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $44,903.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540500","date":"2025-04-01","amount":1023506,"count":4774,"baseline":44903,"ratio":22.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540500/"]},{"id":"P15_B001288_vr8zzf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,009,824 donation spike on 2019-02-14 — 26.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-02-14 this committee recorded $1,009,824 across 457 contributions — 26.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $38,393.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540500","date":"2019-02-14","amount":1009824,"count":457,"baseline":38393,"ratio":26.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540500/"]},{"id":"P15_B001288_713l0h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$134,812 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $134,812 across 167 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,126.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540500","date":"2020-06-30","amount":134812,"count":167,"baseline":18126,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540500/"]},{"id":"P15_B001288_9dwe6n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$127,362 donation spike on 2025-02-24 — 20.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-24 this committee recorded $127,362 across 94 contributions — 20.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,093.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540500","date":"2025-02-24","amount":127362,"count":94,"baseline":6093,"ratio":20.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540500/"]},{"id":"P19_B001288_mfudwh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cory Booker campaign paid $7,552,147 to 23 surname-matched vendors, top: PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","explanation":"Cory Booker's campaign paid 183 disbursements totaling $7,552,147 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","total":4596542.210000001,"count":40,"samples":[{"payee":"PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","amount":443276,"date":"2006-08-30","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","amount":358406,"date":"2006-10-17","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PERKINS NICHOLS MEDIA","amount":348675,"date":"2012-04-17","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"nichols","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOOKER INDUSTRIES","total":1694572.9800000002,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"BOOKER INDUSTRIES","amount":177758.94,"date":"2006-11-16","description":"ADVERTISING & MAILERS","surnameMatched":"booker","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BOOKER INDUSTRIES","amount":130000,"date":"2010-04-05","description":"PRODUCE & PURCHASE RADIO & TELEVISION ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"booker","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BOOKER INDUSTRIES","amount":113110,"date":"2014-05-01","description":"MAILOUTS & PRINTING","surnameMatched":"booker","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NICHOLS MEDIA, PERKINS","total":326259.68,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NICHOLS MEDIA, PERKINS","amount":230000,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"FEA: PUBLIC COMMUNTICATION - 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Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":3205233,"share":86.3,"totalPAC":3714493.21,"pacCount":6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":3205233,"share":86.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":496220.2100000001,"share":13.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":8300,"share":0.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":4740,"share":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001288_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOOKER, Cory Anthony voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from host"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":660,"date":"2026-01-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001288","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Cory Booker has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_B001288_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $496,220.21","explanation":"Cory Booker's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $496,220.21 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 28.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":496220.2100000001,"count":24,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_AMZN","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $AMZN — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $AMZN on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AMZN per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMZN","assetName":"AMZN - Amazon.com Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMZN","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_AMT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $AMT — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $AMT on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $AMT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AMT","assetName":"AMT - American Tower Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AMT","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_AAPL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $AAPL — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $AAPL on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $AAPL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"AAPL","assetName":"AAPL - Apple Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"AAPL","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_FB","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $FB — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $FB on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $FB per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"FB","assetName":"FB - Facebook, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"FB","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_IBM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IBM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $IBM on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IBM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IBM","assetName":"IBM - International Business Machines Corporation (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IBM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_IRM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IRM — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $IRM on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IRM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IRM","assetName":"IRM - Iron Mountain Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IRM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_NFLX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $NFLX — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $NFLX on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $NFLX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NFLX","assetName":"NFLX - Netflix, Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NFLX","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2014-04-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_NKE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $NKE — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $NKE on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $NKE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"NKE","assetName":"NKE - Nike, Inc. (NYSE)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"NKE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_DISH","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DISH — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $DISH on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DISH per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DISH","assetName":"DISH - Dish Network Corp. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DISH","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_B001288_EBAY","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $EBAY — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed an asset position in $EBAY on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $EBAY per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EBAY","assetName":"EBAY - eBay Inc. (NASDAQ)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EBAY","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-08-08"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_B001288","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$330K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 41% from NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Cory Booker received $329,661.69 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ($136,101.67 = 41%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":329661.68999999994,"oppose":23641.52,"byYear":{"2014":353303.2099999999,"2022":144.47},"corpCount":8},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":136101.66999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005715/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":90221.61,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":81853,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":23641.52,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":14513.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005152/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005715/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_B001288","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $1,023,506 on 2025-04-01 (22.8× normal)","explanation":"Cory Booker's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $1,023,506 on 2025-04-01 — 22.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":2160692,"maxRatio":26.3,"maxAmount":1023506},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-04-01","amount":1023506,"ratio":22.8,"baselineDaily":44903,"count":4774,"cmteId":"C00540500","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540500&min_date=2025-04-01&max_date=2025-04-01"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-02-14","amount":1009824,"ratio":26.3,"baselineDaily":38393,"count":457,"cmteId":"C00540500","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540500&min_date=2019-02-14&max_date=2019-02-14"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-02-24","amount":127362,"ratio":20.9,"baselineDaily":6093,"count":94,"cmteId":"C00540500","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540500&min_date=2025-02-24&max_date=2025-02-24"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540500/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540500&min_date=2025-04-01&max_date=2025-04-01"]},{"id":"P70_B001288","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Executive Director) at Governors Office of Minority Empowerment Frankfort","explanation":"Cory Booker's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Executive Director) at Governors Office of Minority Empowerment Frankfort, KY (Other (Government Organization); Other (Manager) at CBIKY LLC Louisville, KY (Other (S-Corp)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2026","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2023 to Sep 2025","role":"Other (Executive Director)","entity":"Governors Office of Minority Empowerment Frankfort, KY","entityType":"Other (Government Organization)"},{"dates":"Jan 2021 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"CBIKY LLC Louisville, KY","entityType":"Other (S-Corp)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_B001288","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$147,745.03 in outside earned income — top source: Governors Office of Minority Empowerment Frankfort, KY ($$95,703.07)","explanation":"Cory Booker's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $147,745.03 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Governors Office of Minority Empowerment Frankfort, KY ($95,703.07, Salary); Community-Labor Administrative Services Inc. Brooklyn, NY ($44,541.96, Salary); CBIKY LLC Louisville, KY ($7,500.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":147745.03,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Governors Office of Minority Empowerment Frankfort, KY","amount":"$95,703.07","amountNumeric":95703.07},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Community-Labor Administrative Services Inc. Brooklyn, NY","amount":"$44,541.96","amountNumeric":44541.96},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"CBIKY LLC Louisville, KY","amount":"$7,500.00","amountNumeric":7500}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_B001288_2022","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 14 new ticker holdings in 2022 not present in prior PFD filings — including FIVFX, FNCMX, FCNTX, FOCPX, FBGRX, AGOZX","explanation":"Cory Booker's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 14 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FIVFX, FNCMX, FCNTX, FOCPX, FBGRX, AGOZX, BFTIX, AKRIX, TRBCX, PRGSX, FGRIX, FCPGX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2022,"count":14,"newTickers":["FIVFX","FNCMX","FCNTX","FOCPX","FBGRX","AGOZX","BFTIX","AKRIX","TRBCX","PRGSX","FGRIX","FCPGX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/623dc10b-2560-4069-b98d-8fcfd4f68e3a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/623dc10b-2560-4069-b98d-8fcfd4f68e3a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001288","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Cory Booker appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (10); daily donation spike (4); ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P12_OUT_OF_STATE_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001288","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_B001288_2026","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 16 ticker holdings between 2025 and 2026 — including FNCMX, FOCPX, FBGRX, QQQ, FSPTX, FMILX","explanation":"Cory Booker's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 16 ticker holdings present in the 2025 filing but absent in 2026. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FNCMX, FOCPX, FBGRX, QQQ, FSPTX, FMILX, SPAXX, FWWFX, FEQIX, FBALX, FGRIX, FLVCX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2025,2026],"count":16,"divestedTickers":["FNCMX","FOCPX","FBGRX","QQQ","FSPTX","FMILX","SPAXX","FWWFX","FEQIX","FBALX","FGRIX","FLVCX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_B001288_2017","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cory Booker filed 3 amendments to the 2017 Senate annual disclosure — 7 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Cory Booker's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2017 report alone, with 7 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2017,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":7,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b6766a03-9698-4689-a69e-4b5844508e86/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/07c8f560-2ee4-4f8a-becf-cd5f8e2647df/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b6766a03-9698-4689-a69e-4b5844508e86/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_B001288","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cory Booker's campaign paid $2,067,806 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: BOOKER INDUSTRIES ($1,694,573)","explanation":"Cory Booker's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 35 payments totaling $2,067,806 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BOOKER INDUSTRIES ($1,694,573 across 25 payments, services: ADVERTISING & MAILERS · PRODUCE & PURCHASE RADIO & TELEVISION ADVERTISING · MAILOUTS & PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2067806.37,"paymentCount":35,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BOOKER INDUSTRIES","total":1694572.9800000002,"count":25,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING & MAILERS","PRODUCE & PURCHASE RADIO & TELEVISION ADVERTISING","MAILOUTS & PRINTING"]},{"payee":"BOOKER HOUSTON, ELIZABETH","total":249000,"count":7,"descriptions":["DIGITAL FUNDRAISING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"BOOKER TEAM FOR NEWARK 2014","total":47997.16,"count":1,"descriptions":["EMAIL LIST"]},{"payee":"BOOKER TEAM FOR NEWARK","total":47997.16,"count":1,"descriptions":["EMAIL LIST"]},{"payee":"BOOKER IINDUSTRIES","total":28239.07,"count":1,"descriptions":["MAILERS"]}],"surname":"booker"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4NJ00185&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_B001288","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cory Booker filed 13 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 120 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Cory Booker has filed 13 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 120 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2017 (120d late, filed 09/12/2017) · 2017 (120d late, filed 09/12/2017) · 2017 (120d late, filed 09/12/2017) · 2014 (116d late, filed 09/08/2014).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":13,"maxDaysLate":120,"samples":[{"year":2017,"filingDate":"09/12/2017","daysLate":120,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 2)"},{"year":2017,"filingDate":"09/12/2017","daysLate":120,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b6766a03-9698-4689-a69e-4b5844508e86/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2014 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2017,"filingDate":"09/12/2017","daysLate":120,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/07c8f560-2ee4-4f8a-becf-cd5f8e2647df/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"09/08/2014","daysLate":116,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6587D027-BE64-491E-9091-C8FD2BE00F0C/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7ace794-5c49-42cd-afdb-8691159136c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b6766a03-9698-4689-a69e-4b5844508e86/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/07c8f560-2ee4-4f8a-becf-cd5f8e2647df/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_B001288","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cory Booker named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($24.3M total receipts) — top: BOOKER VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Cory Booker appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $24.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BOOKER VICTORY FUND (C00734319, $18.2M receipts, treasurer ZAMORE, JUDITH). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":24.3,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00734319","name":"BOOKER VICTORY FUND","receipts":18157325.71,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00734319/"},{"committeeId":"C00548586","name":"BOOKER SENATE VICTORY","receipts":6139190.79,"treasurer":"JUDITH ZAMORE","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548586/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00734319/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00734319/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_B001288","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cory Booker ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $133M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Cory Booker's FEC-bulk record shows $132.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":132.86,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4NJ00185"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4NJ00185/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_B001288","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cory Booker's PAC funding concentrates 98% in Finance ($0.50M / $0.50M classified)","explanation":"Cory Booker's PAC donors concentrate 98% in the Finance industry — $0.50M of $0.50M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.50M · Technology $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.5,"totalPacAmountM":0.5,"concentrationPct":98.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.5,"Technology":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4NJ00185/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_B001288","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cory Booker triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Cory Booker accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_B001288","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Booker operates leadership PAC with $6.4M lifetime receipts (7 cycles) — top: PURPOSE PAC","explanation":"Cory Booker operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $6.4M and disbursements of $5.7M across 7 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: PURPOSE PAC (C00497131). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":6.36,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.7,"yearsCovered":7,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00497131","cmteName":"PURPOSE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00497131/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_B001288","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Booker's leadership PAC disbursed $5.7M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Cory Booker's leadership PAC disbursed $5.7M across 7 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: PURPOSE PAC (C00497131).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":5.7,"yearsCovered":7,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00497131","cmteName":"PURPOSE PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00497131/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_B001288","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Booker ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 971 sponsored, 4,132 cosponsored","explanation":"Cory Booker's congress.gov record shows 971 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":971,"cosponsoredCount":4132,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/cory-a.-booker/B001288","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P166_B001288","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cory Booker's PFD net worth declined 113% year-over-year — 2025 $1.11M → 2026 $-0.14M","explanation":"Cory Booker's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $1.11M in 2025 to $-0.14M in 2026 — a 113% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2025","priorNetWorthM":1.11,"latestYear":"2026","latestNetWorthM":-0.14,"declinePct":112.83,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5bef4ec-17d4-4c1f-b147-13453fe81588/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5bef4ec-17d4-4c1f-b147-13453fe81588/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_B001288_2026","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cory Booker's 2026 PFD lists 3 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: CBIKY LLC Louisville, KY (Self-Employment Income)","explanation":"Cory Booker's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 3 payers not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Self-Employment Income from CBIKY LLC Louisville, KY ($7,500.00) · Self: Salary from Governors Office of Minority ($95,703.07) · Self: Salary from Community-Labor Administrative Services Inc. ($44,541.96).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":3,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"CBIKY LLC Louisville, KY","amount":"$7,500.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Governors Office of Minority Empowerment Frankfort, KY","amount":"$95,703.07"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Community-Labor Administrative Services Inc. Brooklyn, NY","amount":"$44,541.96"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5bef4ec-17d4-4c1f-b147-13453fe81588/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5bef4ec-17d4-4c1f-b147-13453fe81588/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_B001288_2026","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Booker's 2026 PFD lists 2 new creditors not in prior year — top: Educational Loan from Nelnet Inc. Lincoln, NE at 6.8% (on demand)","explanation":"Cory Booker's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 2 creditors not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Educational Loan from Nelnet Inc. Lincoln, NE at 6.8% (on demand) ($50,001 - $100,000) · Educational Loan from Mohela Chesterfield, MO at 6.8% (on demand) ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":2,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2007","type":"Educational Loan","rate":"6.8% (on demand)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"Nelnet Inc. Lincoln, NE"},{"incurred":"2008","type":"Educational Loan","rate":"6.8% (on demand)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"Mohela Chesterfield, MO"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5bef4ec-17d4-4c1f-b147-13453fe81588/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c5bef4ec-17d4-4c1f-b147-13453fe81588/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NJ_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NJ delegation: Cory Booker & Andy Kim both flagged on 12 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NJ — Cory Booker and Andy Kim — are flagged on the same 12 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P14, P15, P25, P29.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NJ","juniorSenatorBid":"K000394","juniorSenatorName":"Andy Kim","sharedDetectorCount":12,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P25","P29","P36","P62","P93","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001288","https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000394"]},{"id":"P173_B001288_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Booker's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Cory Booker's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/97cfca8f-0560-438e-9437-5c32cebdaa6c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P178_B001288_2014-08-08","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Booker — 10 trades on 2014-08-08","explanation":"Cory Booker disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2014-08-08). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2014-08-08","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_B001288","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cory Booker — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($66.4M)","explanation":"Cory Booker is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $66.4M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":66430474,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4NJ00185/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001324":[{"id":"P6_B001324_tuuali","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,356,279 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","explanation":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP) spent $3,356,279 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 41 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00799031","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":3356279.2499999995,"oppose":0,"events":41}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799031/"]},{"id":"P6_B001324_titukg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$905,055 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Mainstream Democrats PAC","explanation":"Mainstream Democrats PAC spent $905,055 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804823","name":"Mainstream Democrats PAC","support":905055.22,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804823/"]},{"id":"P6_B001324_tze89j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$487,753 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DMFI PAC","explanation":"DMFI PAC spent $487,753 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":487753,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P7_B001324_ok04mn","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $958,484 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $958,484 opposing this member across 91 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":958484.48,"totalSupport":5119634.489999999,"events":91,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Justice Democrats PAC","oppose":655005.14},{"name":"Patriot Majority PAC","oppose":303479.33999999997}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001324_4avctv","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,424 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $51,424 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":51423.87,"oppose":0,"net":51423.87,"events":6,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":51423.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001324_3jstgl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$559,305 donation spike on 2024-05-22 — 14.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-22 this committee recorded $559,305 across 414 contributions — 14.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $38,517.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00842336","date":"2024-05-22","amount":559305,"count":414,"baseline":38517,"ratio":14.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842336/"]},{"id":"P15_B001324_3jtgg8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$222,193 donation spike on 2024-06-26 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-26 this committee recorded $222,193 across 363 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,806.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00842336","date":"2024-06-26","amount":222193,"count":363,"baseline":18806,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842336/"]},{"id":"P15_B001324_3jtgg9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$167,378 donation spike on 2024-06-27 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-27 this committee recorded $167,378 across 212 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,144.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00842336","date":"2024-06-27","amount":167378,"count":212,"baseline":24144,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842336/"]},{"id":"P15_B001324_3jrjfs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,607 donation spike on 2024-03-01 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-01 this committee recorded $114,607 across 101 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,467.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00842336","date":"2024-03-01","amount":114607,"count":101,"baseline":11467,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842336/"]},{"id":"P15_B001324_3jrjgp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109,510 donation spike on 2024-03-13 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-13 this committee recorded $109,510 across 154 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,793.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00842336","date":"2024-03-13","amount":109510,"count":154,"baseline":16793,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842336/"]},{"id":"P19_B001324_pc5ap2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Wesley Bell campaign paid $3,216,189 to 39 surname-matched vendors, top: BELL MCANDREWS & HILTACHK LLP","explanation":"Wesley Bell's campaign paid 141 disbursements totaling $3,216,189 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BELL MCANDREWS & HILTACHK LLP","total":1047556.07,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"BELL MCANDREWS & HILTACHK LLP","amount":240951.95,"date":"2021-01-19","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BELL MCANDREWS & HILTACHK LLP","amount":175000,"date":"2025-10-02","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BELL MCANDREWS & HILTACHK LLP","amount":149000,"date":"2021-09-01","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BELL MCANDREWS & HILTACHK LLP - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT","total":600000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BELL MCANDREWS & HILTACHK LLP - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT","amount":600000,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BELL MCANDREWS AND HILTACHK - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT","total":301000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BELL MCANDREWS AND HILTACHK - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT","amount":162000,"date":"2022-11-16","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BELL MCANDREWS AND HILTACHK - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT","amount":93000,"date":"2022-09-14","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BELL MCANDREWS AND HILTACHK - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT","amount":46000,"date":"2022-11-22","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELLINGER BELL","total":255059.2,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ELLINGER BELL","amount":99016.75,"date":"2026-03-06","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELLINGER BELL","amount":83744.45,"date":"2026-01-22","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELLINGER BELL","amount":72298,"date":"2025-12-18","description":"RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BELL, ADAM","total":175000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BELL, ADAM","amount":175000,"date":"2018-03-31","description":"REPAY LOAN","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEOPLE WHO WANT A NEW SENATOR/DALE BELL","total":127500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"PEOPLE WHO WANT A NEW SENATOR/DALE BELL","amount":87000,"date":"1980-03-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1980},{"payee":"PEOPLE WHO WANT A NEW SENATOR/DALE BELL","amount":40500,"date":"1979-12-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"bell","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1980}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BELL%20MCANDREWS%20%26%20HILTACHK%20LLP"]},{"id":"P58_B001324","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$51K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Wesley Bell received $51,423.87 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($51,423.87 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":51423.87,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2024":51423.87},"corpCount":1},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":51423.87,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_B001324","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $559,305 on 2024-05-22 (14.5× normal)","explanation":"Wesley Bell's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $559,305 on 2024-05-22 — 14.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":896105,"maxRatio":14.5,"maxAmount":559305},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-05-22","amount":559305,"ratio":14.5,"baselineDaily":38517,"count":414,"cmteId":"C00842336","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00842336&min_date=2024-05-22&max_date=2024-05-22"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-06-26","amount":222193,"ratio":11.8,"baselineDaily":18806,"count":363,"cmteId":"C00842336","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00842336&min_date=2024-06-26&max_date=2024-06-26"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-01","amount":114607,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":11467,"count":101,"cmteId":"C00842336","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00842336&min_date=2024-03-01&max_date=2024-03-01"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842336/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00842336&min_date=2024-05-22&max_date=2024-05-22"]},{"id":"P90_B001324","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Wesley Bell's campaign paid $1,045,950 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: BELL MCANDREWS AND HILTACHK - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT ($301,000)","explanation":"Wesley Bell's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 13 payments totaling $1,045,950 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BELL MCANDREWS AND HILTACHK - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT ($301,000 across 3 payments, services: LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1045949.96,"paymentCount":13,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BELL MCANDREWS AND HILTACHK - CLIENT TRUST ACCOUNT","total":301000,"count":3,"descriptions":["LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES"]},{"payee":"ELLINGER BELL","total":255059.2,"count":3,"descriptions":["RECOUNT - LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"BELL, ADAM","total":175000,"count":1,"descriptions":["REPAY LOAN"]},{"payee":"BELL, LARRY","total":75000,"count":1,"descriptions":["ARTWORK"]},{"payee":"JOHN BELL FOR STATE SENATE","total":75000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"bell"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4MO00250&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P195_B001324","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wesley Bell — DW-NOMINATE -0.51 vs MO delegation mean 0.17 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Wesley Bell's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.51) is 1.6 standard deviations from the MO delegation mean (0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MO","memberScore":-0.507,"delegationMean":0.17192307692307693,"zscore":"1.57"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001296":[{"id":"P6_B001296_uv4kg6","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$342,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Building A Better PA","explanation":"Building A Better PA spent $342,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00559781","name":"Building A Better PA","support":342500,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00559781/"]},{"id":"P9_B001296_u3ctge","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$11,200 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $11,200 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFSCME COUNCIL 13.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":11200.25,"oppose":0,"net":11200.25,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":7651,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1997.55,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":606.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003314","name":"PENNSYLVANIA STATE EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":481,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":464.07,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001296_hegoji","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $676,768 / spent $567,974","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00584805","cmteName":"BFB PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":28500,"totalDisbursements":18028,"cashOnHand":10472.02},{"cmteId":"C00584805","cmteName":"BFB PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":104113,"totalDisbursements":105900.7,"cashOnHand":8684.31},{"cmteId":"C00584805","cmteName":"BFB PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":84434.2,"totalDisbursements":58894.4,"cashOnHand":34224.11},{"cmteId":"C00584805","cmteName":"BFB PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":144520.4,"totalDisbursements":125340.3,"cashOnHand":53404.23},{"cmteId":"C00584805","cmteName":"BFB PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":183200,"totalDisbursements":165971.5,"cashOnHand":70632.69}],"totalRaised":676767.6,"totalSpent":567973.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001296_f5a526","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brendan Boyle campaign paid $4,257,592 to 29 surname-matched vendors, top: ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Brendan Boyle's campaign paid 257 disbursements totaling $4,257,592 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","total":1272618.0199999998,"count":42,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":87716.64,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47720.39,"date":"2024-10-24","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47670.76,"date":"2025-05-06","description":"REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","total":644292.1699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":57101.49,"date":"2025-07-10","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":49837.55,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":40333.9,"date":"2023-06-08","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","total":439416.06000000006,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":38708.18,"date":"2022-10-21","description":"FUNDRAISING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":37204.16,"date":"2023-02-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENESES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":36897.93,"date":"2020-01-08","description":"CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"angerholzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARINO, TORTORELLA & BOYLE, P.C.","total":323221.94999999995,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MARINO, TORTORELLA & BOYLE, P.C.","amount":236027.87,"date":"2023-02-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"boyle","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARINO, TORTORELLA & BOYLE, P.C.","amount":33099,"date":"2023-03-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"boyle","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARINO, TORTORELLA & BOYLE, P.C.","amount":20547.54,"date":"2023-12-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"boyle","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOYLE, MARY","total":276000,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"BOYLE, MARY","amount":30000,"date":"2018-12-12","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"boyle","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BOYLE, MARY","amount":14000,"date":"2018-12-13","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"boyle","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BOYLE, MARY","amount":12000,"date":"2018-05-29","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"boyle","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","total":166155.06,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-08-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-07-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2004-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ANGERHOLZER%20BROZ%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P25_B001296_Finance","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of PAC dollars ($691,921) come from Finance industry","explanation":"Brendan Boyle receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Finance issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Finance","amount":691921.4700000001,"share":66.6,"totalPAC":1038821.4700000001,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":691921.4700000001,"share":66.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":125000,"share":12},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":88300,"share":8.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":20000,"share":1.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_B001296","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $201,600","explanation":"Brendan Boyle received campaign contributions totaling $201,600 from 27 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 27 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,300); UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":27,"totalDollars":201600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEEL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_B001296","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brendan Boyle's campaign paid $946,033 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: MARINO, TORTORELLA & BOYLE, P.C. ($323,222)","explanation":"Brendan Boyle's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 57 payments totaling $946,033 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MARINO, TORTORELLA & BOYLE, P.C. ($323,222 across 5 payments, services: LEGAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":946033.4299999999,"paymentCount":57,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MARINO, TORTORELLA & BOYLE, P.C.","total":323221.94999999995,"count":5,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"BOYLE, MARY","total":276000,"count":25,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"BOYLE, DANIEL","total":164000,"count":16,"descriptions":["RESEARCH SERVICES / CONSULTING","RESEARCH CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MARINO, TORTORELLA, & BOYLE, P.C.","total":65927.05,"count":2,"descriptions":["RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"BOYLE, DANIEL T","total":46000,"count":3,"descriptions":["STRATEGY CONSULTING","RESEARCH CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"boyle"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4PA13199&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_B001296","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brendan Boyle draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.7M PAC / $22.0M total)","explanation":"Brendan Boyle's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.7M of $22.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.01,"pacSharePct":57.7,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4PA13199"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4PA13199/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001301":[{"id":"P6_B001301_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$424,046 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NRCC","explanation":"NRCC spent $424,046 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NRCC","support":424045.82999999996,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P7_B001301_n3vmkr","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,277,294 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,277,294 opposing this member across 79 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3277293.889999999,"totalSupport":595737.0099999999,"events":79,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":1521707.75},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1126403.64},{"name":"CITIZENS FOR A WORKING AMERICA PAC","oppose":515575},{"name":"GREAT LAKES, GREAT JOBS","oppose":108600},{"name":"Concerned Taxpayers of America","oppose":5007.5}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001301_b290xo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,483 donation spike on 2024-05-14 — 21.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-14 this committee recorded $54,483 across 26 contributions — 21.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $2,583.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614214","date":"2024-05-14","amount":54483,"count":26,"baseline":2583,"ratio":21.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614214/"]},{"id":"P15_B001301_xi6h40","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,750 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $53,750 across 33 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,312.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614214","date":"2019-09-30","amount":53750,"count":33,"baseline":4312,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614214/"]},{"id":"P19_B001301_dfhil3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jack Bergman campaign paid $375,143 to 12 surname-matched vendors, top: BERGMAN ZWERDLING DIRECT","explanation":"Jack Bergman's campaign paid 17 disbursements totaling $375,143 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BERGMAN ZWERDLING DIRECT","total":272107.79,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BERGMAN ZWERDLING DIRECT","amount":112215.47,"date":"2018-10-12","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL - RADINOVICH","surnameMatched":"bergman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BERGMAN ZWERDLING DIRECT","amount":103837.34,"date":"2018-11-06","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL - RADINOVICH","surnameMatched":"bergman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BERGMAN ZWERDLING DIRECT","amount":56054.98,"date":"2016-11-04","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT LITERATURE-NOLAN","surnameMatched":"bergman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEN HARDIN","total":24548.489999999998,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BEN HARDIN","amount":12767.47,"date":"2020-11-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hardin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BEN HARDIN","amount":6631.02,"date":"2020-03-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hardin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BEN HARDIN","amount":5150,"date":"2019-04-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hardin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PITNEY HARDIN KIPP & SZUCH","total":15000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PITNEY HARDIN KIPP & SZUCH","amount":15000,"date":"2002-10-22","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"hardin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARDIN FOR DISTRICT ATTORNEY","total":12000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HARDIN FOR DISTRICT ATTORNEY","amount":6400,"date":"2023-09-26","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"hardin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HARDIN FOR DISTRICT ATTORNEY","amount":5600,"date":"2023-01-31","description":"POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION (STATE/LOCAL)","surnameMatched":"hardin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARDIN, WILLIAM M.","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HARDIN, WILLIAM M.","amount":10000,"date":"2018-09-28","description":"TRANSFER OF EXCESSIVE PORTION TO NON FEDERAL ACCOUNT AS DONOR INTENDED FROM 9-09","surnameMatched":"hardin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RUBIN, HARDIN","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RUBIN, HARDIN","amount":10000,"date":"2024-04-21","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"hardin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BERGMAN%20ZWERDLING%20DIRECT"]},{"id":"P25_B001301_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of PAC dollars ($677,790) come from Party industry","explanation":"Jack Bergman receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":677789.8099999999,"share":71.4,"totalPAC":949180.12,"pacCount":45},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":677789.8099999999,"share":71.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":70414.31,"share":7.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":69976,"share":7.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Defense","amount":31000,"share":3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_B001301_yuavzv","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Jack Bergman's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P34_B001301_5kyfbf","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $30,000","explanation":"Jack Bergman's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION PAC (SWAPA PAC)","total":10000,"matchedClient":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS ASSOCIATION","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION C","total":10000,"matchedClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE SECURITY SOLUTIONS","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA INC PAC (TOYOTA/LEXUS PAC)","total":5000,"matchedClient":"TOYOTA MOTOR SALES INC","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":5000,"matchedClient":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001301","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Jack Bergman has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_B001301","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $129,249.68","explanation":"Jack Bergman received campaign contributions totaling $129,249.68 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($29,976); ORACLE AMERICA INC. FKA ORACLE CORPORATION ($10,000); SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NETJETS ASSOCIATION OF SHARED AIRCRAFT PILOTS (NJA ($10,000); KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":129249.68,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":29976,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ORACLE AMERICA INC. PAC (ORACLE PAC)","ldaClient":"ORACLE AMERICA INC. FKA ORACLE CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION PAC (SWAPA PAC)","ldaClient":"SOUTHWEST AIRLINES PILOTS' ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NETJETS ASSOCIATION OF SHARED AIRCRAFT PILOTS PAC; NJASAP PA","ldaClient":"NETJETS ASSOCIATION OF SHARED AIRCRAFT PILOTS (NJASAP)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION C","ldaClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001301","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $54,483 on 2024-05-14 (21.1× normal)","explanation":"Jack Bergman's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $54,483 on 2024-05-14 — 21.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":108233,"maxRatio":21.1,"maxAmount":54483},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-05-14","amount":54483,"ratio":21.1,"baselineDaily":2583,"count":26,"cmteId":"C00614214","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00614214&min_date=2024-05-14&max_date=2024-05-14"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-30","amount":53750,"ratio":12.5,"baselineDaily":4312,"count":33,"cmteId":"C00614214","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00614214&min_date=2019-09-30&max_date=2019-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614214/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00614214&min_date=2024-05-14&max_date=2024-05-14"]},{"id":"P78_B001301","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 11 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jack Bergman appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 11 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (2); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); family vendor (1); pac industry monopoly (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":11,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001301","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_B001301","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jack Bergman's campaign paid $272,108 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: BERGMAN ZWERDLING DIRECT ($272,108)","explanation":"Jack Bergman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $272,108 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BERGMAN ZWERDLING DIRECT ($272,108 across 3 payments, services: VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL - RADINOVICH · VOLUNTEER EXEMPT LITERATURE-NOLAN). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":272107.79,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BERGMAN ZWERDLING DIRECT","total":272107.79,"count":3,"descriptions":["VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL - RADINOVICH","VOLUNTEER EXEMPT LITERATURE-NOLAN"]}],"surname":"bergman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6MI01226&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_B001301","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Bergman named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.8M total receipts) — top: THE BERGMAN VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Jack Bergman appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: THE BERGMAN VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00696088, $2.8M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.76,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00696088","name":"THE BERGMAN VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":2759784.5,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696088/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00696088/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00696088/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_B001301","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Bergman draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.4M PAC / $20.2M total)","explanation":"Jack Bergman's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.4M of $20.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.2,"pacSharePct":36.7,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6MI01226"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MI01226/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001196":[{"id":"P6_S001196_uuoq90","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$372,266 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from New York 2014","explanation":"New York 2014 spent $372,266 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00563171","name":"New York 2014","support":372266.23000000004,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00563171/"]},{"id":"P9_S001196_lkgmmi","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$28,650 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $28,650 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":28752.870000000003,"oppose":102.79,"net":28650.08,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":19560.649999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6951.129999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":2180.31,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":102.79,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":60.78,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001196_6nrzgk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elise Stefanik campaign paid $86,267 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: STEFANIK, ELISE M","explanation":"Elise Stefanik's campaign paid 19 disbursements totaling $86,267 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEFANIK, ELISE M","total":59967.259999999995,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"STEFANIK, ELISE M","amount":35000,"date":"2014-11-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"STEFANIK, ELISE M","amount":9754.84,"date":"2014-03-31","description":"IN-KIND- SEE DETAIL BELOW","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"STEFANIK, ELISE M","amount":6812.1,"date":"2013-09-30","description":"IN KIND-SEE DETAIL BELOW","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEFANIK, ELISE M.","total":19800,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"STEFANIK, ELISE M.","amount":2800,"date":"2020-08-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"STEFANIK, ELISE M.","amount":2500,"date":"2023-10-03","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"STEFANIK, ELISE M.","amount":2500,"date":"2019-02-19","description":"2020 PRIMARY CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STEFANIK, KIMBERLY","total":6500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"STEFANIK, KIMBERLY","amount":1625,"date":"2020-12-01","description":"NET SALARY","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"STEFANIK, KIMBERLY","amount":1625,"date":"2020-10-27","description":"NET SALARY","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"STEFANIK, KIMBERLY","amount":1625,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"DIGITAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stefanik","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=STEFANIK"]},{"id":"P25_S001196_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of PAC dollars ($6,526,932) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"Elise Stefanik receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":6526932.429999999,"share":69.5,"totalPAC":9394542.269999998,"pacCount":8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":6526932.429999999,"share":69.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1898650.8699999992,"share":20.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":940286.81,"share":10},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Candidate","amount":28672.16,"share":0.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_S001196_4z3kut","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"HOBBS CABELL\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00630632","name":"ELISE VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"HOBBS CABELL"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00837492","name":"HOUSE GOP BATTLEGROUND FUND","treasurer":"HOBBS CABELL"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00830679","name":"TEAM ELISE","treasurer":"HOBBS CABELL"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001196_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"STEFANIK, Elise M voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":401,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7148) the Consolidated Appropriati"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":399,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7148) the Consolidated Appropriati"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":361,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":359,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Pet and Livestock Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001196","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Elise Stefanik has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":0,"patternsList":["P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P90_S001196","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elise Stefanik's campaign paid $238,165 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: STEFANIK- ESPOSITO NY VICTORY ($178,800)","explanation":"Elise Stefanik's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 14 payments totaling $238,165 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: STEFANIK- ESPOSITO NY VICTORY ($178,800 across 6 payments, services: TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS · EARMARKED BY CARYL RATNER · EARMARKED BY RICHARD KURTZ). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":238165.29,"paymentCount":14,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"STEFANIK- ESPOSITO NY VICTORY","total":178800,"count":6,"descriptions":["TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS","EARMARKED BY CARYL RATNER","EARMARKED BY RICHARD KURTZ"]},{"payee":"STEFANIK-MAZI NY VICTORY","total":59365.29,"count":8,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM WILLIAM J. DUNN","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JOSEPH LOW","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM SHARON STANFIL"]}],"surname":"stefanik"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NY21079&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P137_S001196","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elise Stefanik ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $102M across 14 cycles","explanation":"Elise Stefanik's FEC-bulk record shows $102.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 14 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":102.35,"cycleCount":14,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H4NY21079"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY21079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P199_S001196","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elise Stefanik — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($51.2M)","explanation":"Elise Stefanik is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $51.2M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":51174549,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY21079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001295":[{"id":"P6_B001295_x7bml1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,291,871 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT","explanation":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE spent $1,291,871 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00075820","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","support":1291870.86,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00075820/"]},{"id":"P6_B001295_ue6uxs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$274,222 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from US VETERANS ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION","explanation":"US VETERANS ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION spent $274,222 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 393 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00653386","name":"US VETERANS ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION","support":274222.32000000036,"oppose":0,"events":393}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653386/"]},{"id":"P7_B001295_k3ftbm","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,783,789 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,783,789 opposing this member across 1044 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5783789.030000001,"totalSupport":2149886.2199999983,"events":1044,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":3902339.170000001},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":1387709.34},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":346990.9},{"name":"ANIMAL WELLNESS ACTION","oppose":127109.23999999999},{"name":"SOUTHERN ILLINOIS WORKING FAMILIES PAC","oppose":19640.379999999997}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001295_xzomlb","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$138,600 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $138,600 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":138682.04,"oppose":82.04,"net":138600,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":111326,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":21982.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3894.8900000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":1478.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":82.04,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001295_terufz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,650 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $67,650 across 29 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,158.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546499","date":"2023-03-31","amount":67650,"count":29,"baseline":6158,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546499/"]},{"id":"P15_B001295_hpyz5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,399 donation spike on 2017-12-29 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-29 this committee recorded $63,399 across 55 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,191.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546499","date":"2017-12-29","amount":63399,"count":55,"baseline":7191,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546499/"]},{"id":"P15_B001295_rh5xnj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,500 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $51,500 across 31 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,301.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546499","date":"2014-06-30","amount":51500,"count":31,"baseline":4301,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546499/"]},{"id":"P19_B001295_ppnoo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Bost campaign paid $297,313 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: PILLSBURY WINTHROP SHAW PITTMAN LLP","explanation":"Mike Bost's campaign paid 36 disbursements totaling $297,313 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PILLSBURY WINTHROP SHAW PITTMAN LLP","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PILLSBURY WINTHROP SHAW PITTMAN LLP","amount":50000,"date":"2025-12-22","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PITTMAN FOR NC","total":45200,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"PITTMAN FOR NC","amount":6800,"date":"2025-09-29","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"PITTMAN FOR NC","amount":6400,"date":"2024-07-17","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PITTMAN FOR NC","amount":6400,"date":"2024-08-22","description":"PAC STATE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WASHINGTON, PITTMAN & MCKEEVER, LLC","total":30706.25,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"WASHINGTON, PITTMAN & MCKEEVER, LLC","amount":10920,"date":"2016-10-29","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WASHINGTON, PITTMAN & MCKEEVER, LLC","amount":10920,"date":"2017-10-27","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WASHINGTON, PITTMAN & MCKEEVER, LLC","amount":8866.25,"date":"2016-08-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PITTMAN, TOM","total":29000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PITTMAN, TOM","amount":29000,"date":"2007-04-02","description":"WINNER OF 2  SATURN EVENT","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PITTMAN STRATEGIES LLC","total":25000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"PITTMAN STRATEGIES LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2018-09-28","description":"CONSULTANT - FEDERAL FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PITTMAN STRATEGIES LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2018-08-15","description":"CONSULTANT - FEDERAL FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PITTMAN STRATEGIES LLC","amount":5000,"date":"2018-06-15","description":"CONSULTANT - FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PITTMAN, CHRISTOPHER","total":20000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"PITTMAN, CHRISTOPHER","amount":5000,"date":"2018-04-01","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PITTMAN, CHRISTOPHER","amount":5000,"date":"2018-03-01","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PITTMAN, CHRISTOPHER","amount":5000,"date":"2018-02-01","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"pittman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PILLSBURY%20WINTHROP%20SHAW%20PITTMAN%20LLP"]},{"id":"P58_B001295","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 80% from CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Mike Bost received $138,682.04 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ($111,326 = 80%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":138682.04,"oppose":82.04,"byYear":{"2014":1560.7700000000002,"2016":3741.4500000000003,"2018":111479.44,"2022":910.82,"2024":21982.42},"corpCount":6},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005798","name":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","support":111326,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005798/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":21982.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3894.8900000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":1478.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":82.04,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005798/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_B001295","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $186,600","explanation":"Mike Bost received campaign contributions totaling $186,600 from 29 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 28 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000); PHILIPS NORTH AMERICA LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS P ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":29,"totalDollars":186600,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PHILIPS NORTH AMERICA LLC PAC","ldaClient":"PHILIPS NORTH AMERICA LLC (FORMERLY REPORTING AS PHILIPS HEALTHCARE/HOLDING)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001295","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $67,650 on 2023-03-31 (11.0× normal)","explanation":"Mike Bost's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $67,650 on 2023-03-31 — 11.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":119150,"maxRatio":12,"maxAmount":67650},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-03-31","amount":67650,"ratio":11,"baselineDaily":6158,"count":29,"cmteId":"C00546499","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546499&min_date=2023-03-31&max_date=2023-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-06-30","amount":51500,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":4301,"count":31,"cmteId":"C00546499","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546499&min_date=2014-06-30&max_date=2014-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546499/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00546499&min_date=2023-03-31&max_date=2023-03-31"]},{"id":"P138_B001295","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Bost draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.4M PAC / $28.8M total)","explanation":"Mike Bost's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.4M of $28.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.78,"pacSharePct":50,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4IL12060"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4IL12060/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001194":[{"id":"P6_S001194_d03wai","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$504,672 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from League of Conservation Voters, Inc.","explanation":"League of Conservation Voters, Inc. spent $504,672 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90005786","name":"League of Conservation Voters, Inc.","support":504672.31,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90005786/"]},{"id":"P9_S001194_fpjr5g","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,842 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $90,842 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":90985.26999999997,"oppose":143.75,"net":90841.51999999997,"events":35,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000278","name":"HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION","support":73918.41999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":9551.85,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":5391.86,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":2123.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":143.75,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001194_pqbftv","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,619,587 / spent $3,342,348","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00567693","cmteName":"HAWAII PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":24550,"totalDisbursements":20728.8,"cashOnHand":3821.21},{"cmteId":"C00567693","cmteName":"HAWAII PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":283716.9,"totalDisbursements":272705.2,"cashOnHand":14832.84},{"cmteId":"C00567693","cmteName":"HAWAII PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":629007.6,"totalDisbursements":617988.9,"cashOnHand":25851.54},{"cmteId":"C00567693","cmteName":"HAWAII PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":685600,"totalDisbursements":643755.4,"cashOnHand":67696.18},{"cmteId":"C00567693","cmteName":"HAWAII PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":548365,"totalDisbursements":587725.5,"cashOnHand":28335.62}],"totalRaised":3619587.4,"totalSpent":3342348.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001194_e0twp4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $10,212,152 in itemized individual contributions, $6,846,104 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":10212152,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-670356,"$200.01-$499":329774,"$500-$999":1062234,"$1000-$1999":2644396,"$2000 and over":6846104},"megaShare":67,"smallDonorShare":-6.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001194_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4868 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,446,817 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4868× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,446,817. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4868,"total":1446817,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001194_pszjf8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,050 donation spike on 2014-12-30 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-12-30 this committee recorded $120,050 across 48 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,130.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540732","date":"2014-12-30","amount":120050,"count":48,"baseline":11130,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540732/"]},{"id":"P15_S001194_b52hug","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,376 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $80,376 across 115 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,393.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540732","date":"2015-06-30","amount":80376,"count":115,"baseline":8393,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540732/"]},{"id":"P15_S001194_ujq8bw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,475 donation spike on 2013-12-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-31 this committee recorded $77,475 across 81 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,592.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540732","date":"2013-12-31","amount":77475,"count":81,"baseline":11592,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540732/"]},{"id":"P15_S001194_ujawn7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,400 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $71,400 across 97 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,571.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540732","date":"2013-09-30","amount":71400,"count":97,"baseline":10571,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540732/"]},{"id":"P15_S001194_b54eui","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,649 donation spike on 2015-03-19 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-19 this committee recorded $70,649 across 56 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,369.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540732","date":"2015-03-19","amount":70649,"count":56,"baseline":11369,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540732/"]},{"id":"P15_S001194_pszjfu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,900 donation spike on 2014-12-29 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-12-29 this committee recorded $50,900 across 28 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,113.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00540732","date":"2014-12-29","amount":50900,"count":28,"baseline":7113,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540732/"]},{"id":"P19_S001194_uk3f7q","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brian Schatz campaign paid $1,724,180 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: SCHATZ, DAVID","explanation":"Brian Schatz's campaign paid 99 disbursements totaling $1,724,180 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHATZ, DAVID","total":1256058.34,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHATZ, DAVID","amount":1000000,"date":"2022-08-19","description":"REPAYMENT OF LOAN RECEIVED 12/31/21","surnameMatched":"schatz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCHATZ, DAVID","amount":256058.34,"date":"2022-11-28","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"schatz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE ZAMORE GROUP","total":310423.5,"count":83,"samples":[{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP","amount":14555,"date":"2007-07-30","description":"COMPLIANCE & TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP","amount":12000,"date":"2007-07-30","description":"FECA COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP","amount":11000,"date":"2010-10-11","description":"COMPLIANCE & ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHATZ, NORMAN","total":100000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHATZ, NORMAN","amount":64500,"date":"2020-11-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND LEGAL FUND","surnameMatched":"schatz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SCHATZ, NORMAN","amount":35500,"date":"2020-11-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"schatz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE ZAMORE GROUP, LLC","total":22500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP, LLC","amount":15000,"date":"2010-11-04","description":"COMPLIANCE & ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2010-07-28","description":"COMPLIANCE & ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRIAN E. SCHATZ","total":8653.14,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BRIAN E. SCHATZ","amount":8653.14,"date":"2006-09-12","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"schatz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHATZ, EDWARD","total":7887.5,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHATZ, EDWARD","amount":7887.5,"date":"2020-11-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"schatz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCHATZ"]},{"id":"P26_S001194_yuavzv","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Brian Schatz's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P36_S001194","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Brian Schatz has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_S001194","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$91K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 81% from HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Brian Schatz received $90,985.27 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION ($73,918.42 = 81%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":90985.26999999997,"oppose":143.75,"byYear":{"2014":90329.07999999997,"2016":799.94},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000278","name":"HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION","support":73918.41999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000278/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":9551.85,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004262/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":5391.86,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":2123.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":143.75,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000278/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S001194","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $49,800","explanation":"Brian Schatz received campaign contributions totaling $49,800 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA GAMING COMMISSION ($6,600); HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE ($6,600); OTOE-MISSOURIA TRIBE ($6,600); UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION ($5,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":49800,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA","ldaClient":"TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA GAMING COMMISSION","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE","ldaClient":"HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE","donorTotal":6600,"exact":true},{"donorName":"OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA","ldaClient":"OTOE-MISSOURIA TRIBE","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITED STATES CELLULAR CORPORATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001194","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $120,050 on 2014-12-30 (10.8× normal)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $120,050 on 2014-12-30 — 10.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":120050,"maxRatio":10.8,"maxAmount":120050},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-12-30","amount":120050,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":11130,"count":48,"cmteId":"C00540732","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540732&min_date=2014-12-30&max_date=2014-12-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540732/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00540732&min_date=2014-12-30&max_date=2014-12-30"]},{"id":"P66_S001194_2024","pattern_type":"P66_PFD_RAPID_PORTFOLIO_GROWTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Disclosed assets grew 3.9× from 2023 to 2024 ($1.1M → $4.5M)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's annual Senate financial disclosures show total disclosed assets grew from $1,148,212.5 to $4,523,715 between filing year 2023 and filing year 2024 — a 3.9× shift. Major year-over-year portfolio shifts indicate windfalls (inheritance, book deal, IPO, business sale), insider-information-timed gains, or strategic asset reorganization. The journalist's question: what happened that year? Cross-reference with public news, the senator's committee actions, and any amendment filings on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_growth","fromYear":2023,"toYear":2024,"fromTotalAssetMid":1148212.5,"toTotalAssetMid":4523715,"ratio":3.94,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c0bab3b6-4e45-4318-8f17-f06d7efbec4b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c0bab3b6-4e45-4318-8f17-f06d7efbec4b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P68_S001194","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 7 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$4.2M","explanation":"Brian Schatz's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 7 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $4,200,002. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Residential Property Description: Reside (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Osceola Mill Bed & Breakfast Inn & Cabin (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Residential Property Description: Reside (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000); Investment in Residential Property Descr (Real Estate Residential, $50,001 - $100,000); Schatz Collaborative LLC Company: Schatz (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":7,"totalEstMidpoint":4200002,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Honolulu, HI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"},{"name":"Osceola Mill Bed & Breakfast Inn & Cabin Description: Bed & Breakfast (Vesuvius, VA) Filer comment: Overall loss in 2024","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"},{"name":"Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Property Description: Residential Property (Wailuku, HI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"},{"name":"Schatz Collaborative LLC Company: Schatz Collaborative LLC (Honolulu, HI) Description: Community based real estate development consulting services","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_S001194","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $1.9M in personal liabilities (39% leverage of assets) — 5 liability items","explanation":"Brian Schatz's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,875,002 in personal liabilities against $4,817,720.5 in assets — a 38.9% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.9M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1875002,"totalAssetMid":4817720.5,"leverageRatio":38.9,"liabCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2020 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.5% (30) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Rocket Mortgage Detroit, MI · Previously reported as Flagstar Bank, N.A.; loan transferred to Rocket Mortgage in 2024"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2020 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.99% (30) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Rocket Mortgage Detroit, MI · Previously reported as Flagstar Bank, N.A.; loan transferred to Rocket Mortgage in 2024"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"3 · 2024 · Spouse · Other (Business Loan) · - · 5.50% (10 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Virginia Small Business Finance Authority Richmond, VA · Co-Signor"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"4 · 2024 · Spouse · Other (Business Loan) · - · 8.35% (5 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · LINK Bank Reston, VA · Co-Signor"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_S001194","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$42,454.8 in outside earned income — top source: Employee's Retirement System of the State of Hawaii Hon ($$42,454.80)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $42,454.8 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Employee's Retirement System of the State of Hawaii Hon ($42,454.80, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":42454.8,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"Employee's Retirement System of the State of Hawaii Honolulu, HI","amount":"$42,454.80","amountNumeric":42454.8}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_S001194","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 reportable gift disclosed totaling $500 — top: “Enough Good People” Award (framed print) ($500.00)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's Senate annual financial disclosures report 1 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $500 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: “Enough Good People” Award (framed print) ($500.00) from American Indian Alaska Native Tourism As.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":1,"totalValue":500,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"},{"source":"gift","date":"10/21/2015","recipient":"Self","description":"“Enough Good People” Award (framed print)","value":"$500.00","giftSource":"American Indian Alaska Native Tourism Association Albuquerque, NM","year":2016}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P78_S001194","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Brian Schatz appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (6); ie support concentration (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001194","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_S001194_2024","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz filed 2 amendments to the 2024 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Brian Schatz's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2024 report alone, with 5 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2024,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3d2cb46f-6a6c-4f70-85c9-c75c560b8154/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/00f71836-15dd-46c9-b884-254e5479891e/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3d2cb46f-6a6c-4f70-85c9-c75c560b8154/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/00f71836-15dd-46c9-b884-254e5479891e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brian Schatz discloses 12 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 12 unascertainable, 29% of 42 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 12 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 12 unascertainable) across 42 total reported assets — 29% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: TIAA-CREF Research Corp of UH Retirement (--) · American Funds 529 Institution: American Funds (--) · Helping Hands Hawaii 403(b) Thrift (--) · Employee's Retirement System of the State of Hawaii (Unascertainable) · Brookfield 401(k) (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":12,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":12,"totalAssets":42,"opaqueRatio":0.286,"samples":[{"asset":"TIAA-CREF Research Corp of UH Retirement","value":"--"},{"asset":"American Funds 529 Institution: American Funds","value":"--"},{"asset":"Helping Hands Hawaii 403(b) Thrift","value":"--"},{"asset":"Employee's Retirement System of the State of Hawaii","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Brookfield 401(k)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Schatz discloses 6 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 6 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: TRRSX - TIAA-CREF Real Estate Sec Retire (NASDAQ) · Schatz Collaborative LLC Company: Schatz Collaborative LLC ( · Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (W · Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (H.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":6,"properties":[{"name":"TRRSX - TIAA-CREF Real Estate Sec Retire (NASDAQ)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Schatz Collaborative LLC Company: Schatz Collaborative LLC (Honolulu, HI) Description: Community based real es","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Honolulu, HI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Property Description: Residential Property (Wailuku, HI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Osceola Mill Bed & Breakfast Inn & Cabin Description: Bed & Breakfast (Vesuvius, VA) Filer comment: Overall lo","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Schatz's 2025 PFD: 31 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (72% of 43 reported assets)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 31 reported holdings owned by Spouse (18), Joint (13), or Dependent (0) — 72% of 43 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Bank of Hawaii (Honolulu, HI) Type: Checking, Savings · Joint: American Funds 529 Institution: American Funds · Joint: CWMAX - American Funds Washington Mutual 529A (NASDAQ) · Joint: CGFAX - American Funds Growth Fund of Amer 529A (NASDAQ).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":18,"Joint":13,"Dependent":0,"Self":11},"totalAssets":43,"familyShare":0.721,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of Hawaii (Honolulu, HI) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"American Funds 529 Institution: American Funds","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"CWMAX - American Funds Washington Mutual 529A (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"CGFAX - American Funds Growth Fund of Amer 529A (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"CBOAX - American Funds Interm Bd Fd of Amer 529A (NASDAQ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Honolulu, HI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_S001194","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz's campaign paid $5,400 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: SCHATZ GABBARD RE-ELECTION FUND ($5,400)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $5,400 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCHATZ GABBARD RE-ELECTION FUND ($5,400 across 1 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5400,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCHATZ GABBARD RE-ELECTION FUND","total":5400,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"schatz"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4HI00136&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz (Hawaii) discloses 2 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: District of Columbia (1)","explanation":"Brian Schatz represents Hawaii but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Hawaii (3 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: District of Columbia: 1 · Virginia: 1. Sample: Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Washington, DC) (District of Columbia) · Osceola Mill Bed & Breakfast Inn & Cabin Description: Bed & Breakfast (Vesuvius, VA) Filer comment:  (Virginia).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Hawaii","inStateCount":3,"outOfStateCount":2,"byState":{"DC":1,"VA":1},"samples":[{"name":"Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"DC"},{"name":"Osceola Mill Bed & Breakfast Inn & Cabin Description: Bed & Breakfast (Vesuvius, VA) Filer comment: ","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"VA"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_S001194","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Schatz filed 14 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 91 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Brian Schatz has filed 14 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 91 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2021 (91d late, filed 08/14/2021) · 2015 (91d late, filed 08/14/2015) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":14,"maxDaysLate":91,"samples":[{"year":2021,"filingDate":"08/14/2021","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ff046fb-0d84-47a1-bdd5-b538bc3b4048/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020"},{"year":2015,"filingDate":"08/14/2015","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/edc851b8-928b-4b52-8459-ab749ff0b92b/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/04f79f0a-2286-4cb1-954a-4c4bf4db643d/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1ff046fb-0d84-47a1-bdd5-b538bc3b4048/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/edc851b8-928b-4b52-8459-ab749ff0b92b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P99_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Schatz Collaborative LLC Honolulu,","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Schatz Collaborative LLC Honolulu, HI (Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Schatz Collaborative LLC Honolulu, HI","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P104_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Schatz\" — top: Schatz Collaborative LLC Company: Schatz","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Schatz\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Schatz Collaborative LLC Company: Schatz (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Schatz","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Schatz Collaborative LLC Company: Schatz Collaborative LLC (Honolulu, HI) Description: Community bas","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P138_S001194","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.3M PAC / $32.8M total)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.3M of $32.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.31,"lifetimeReceiptsM":32.77,"pacSharePct":31.5,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"S4HI00136"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4HI00136/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P157_S001194","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 685 sponsored, 2,303 cosponsored","explanation":"Brian Schatz's congress.gov record shows 685 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":685,"cosponsoredCount":2303,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/brian-schatz/S001194","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 42 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 42 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":42,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz's 2025 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: Move Sales, Inc. (Realtor.com) (Self-Employment Income)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Self-Employment Income from Move Sales, Inc. (Realtor.com) (> $1,000) · Spouse: Salary from At Ease Retreat Corporation (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Move Sales, Inc. (Realtor.com) Westlake Village, CA","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"At Ease Retreat Corporation Falls Church, VA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c0bab3b6-4e45-4318-8f17-f06d7efbec4b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c0bab3b6-4e45-4318-8f17-f06d7efbec4b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Schatz's 2025 PFD lists 4 new creditors not in prior year — top: Mortgage from Rocket Mortgage Detroit, MI at 2.5% (30)","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 4 creditors not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Mortgage from Rocket Mortgage Detroit, MI at 2.5% (30) ($500,001 - $1,000,000) · Mortgage from Rocket Mortgage Detroit, MI at 2.99% (30) ($250,001 - $500,000) · Other (Business Loan) from Virginia Small Business Finance at 5.50% (10 years) ($250,001 - $500,000) · Other (Business Loan) from LINK Bank Reston, VA at 8.35% (5 years) ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":4,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2020","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.5% (30)","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","creditor":"Rocket Mortgage Detroit, MI"},{"incurred":"2020","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.99% (30)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Rocket Mortgage Detroit, MI"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Business Loan)","rate":"5.50% (10 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Virginia Small Business Finance Authority Richmond, VA"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Business Loan)","rate":"8.35% (5 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"LINK Bank Reston, VA"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c0bab3b6-4e45-4318-8f17-f06d7efbec4b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c0bab3b6-4e45-4318-8f17-f06d7efbec4b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_HI_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HI delegation: Brian Schatz & Mazie Hirono both flagged on 12 shared detector types (2 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from HI — Brian Schatz and Mazie Hirono — are flagged on the same 12 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 2 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P9, P10, P11, P19, P36, P58, P61, P71.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"HI","juniorSenatorBid":"H001042","juniorSenatorName":"Mazie Hirono","sharedDetectorCount":12,"sharedHighCount":2,"sharedDetectors":["P9","P10","P11","P19","P36","P58","P61","P71","P87","P93","P99","P170"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001194","https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001042"]},{"id":"P193_S001194_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Schatz — 14 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Brian Schatz's 2025 Senate PFD shows 14 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":14,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3940df10-b601-40ba-ad98-539ed8d1ea69/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001114":[{"id":"P6_C001114_tg2eg7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,989,120 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONSERVATIVE VALUES FOR UTAH","explanation":"CONSERVATIVE VALUES FOR UTAH spent $4,989,120 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 33 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00855064","name":"CONSERVATIVE VALUES FOR UTAH","support":4989120.15,"oppose":0,"events":33}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855064/"]},{"id":"P6_C001114_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,453,895 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $3,453,895 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":3453895.23,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_C001114_uguimb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$610,993 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","explanation":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC. spent $610,993 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00608943","name":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","support":610993.44,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608943/"]},{"id":"P6_C001114_texhvn","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$257,864 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN CONSERVATION COALITION PAC (ACC","explanation":"AMERICAN CONSERVATION COALITION PAC (ACC PAC) spent $257,864 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00877233","name":"AMERICAN CONSERVATION COALITION PAC (ACC PAC)","support":257863.5,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877233/"]},{"id":"P9_C001114_m0enxa","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$28,730 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $28,730 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: MEA - MFT.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":28730.43,"oppose":0,"net":28730.43,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005806","name":"MEA - MFT","support":18181.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":8927.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":879.75,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70005624","name":"MONTANA CONSERVATION VOTERS","support":395.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":346.1,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001114_x53wma","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,523,425 / spent $1,198,801","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00654186","cmteName":"SOCK IT TO 'EM PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":43336.2,"totalDisbursements":35063.7,"cashOnHand":8272.44},{"cmteId":"C00654186","cmteName":"SOCK IT TO 'EM PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":86317.3,"totalDisbursements":56120,"cashOnHand":38469.69},{"cmteId":"C00654186","cmteName":"SOCK IT TO 'EM PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":149492.5,"totalDisbursements":125359,"cashOnHand":62603.14},{"cmteId":"C00654186","cmteName":"SOCK IT TO 'EM PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":621707.9,"totalDisbursements":372214.3,"cashOnHand":312096.78},{"cmteId":"C00654186","cmteName":"SOCK IT TO 'EM PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":622571.4,"totalDisbursements":610044.1,"cashOnHand":324624.04}],"totalRaised":1523425.3,"totalSpent":1198801.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001114_7wvwlo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -6%)","explanation":"Of $4,704,122 in itemized individual contributions, $3,229,865 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4704122,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-273478,"$200.01-$499":104105,"$500-$999":523611,"$1000-$1999":1120019,"$2000 and over":3229865},"megaShare":68.7,"smallDonorShare":-5.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001114_vjeig9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$156,700 donation spike on 2024-06-05 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-05 this committee recorded $156,700 across 57 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,995.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00647339","date":"2024-06-05","amount":156700,"count":57,"baseline":13995,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00647339/"]},{"id":"P15_C001114_oa3vxu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,150 donation spike on 2017-08-08 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-08-08 this committee recorded $70,150 across 45 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,865.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00647339","date":"2017-08-08","amount":70150,"count":45,"baseline":7865,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00647339/"]},{"id":"P17_C001114_ABT_2020-03-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-26 and 2020-04-02, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2020-03-26 to 2020-04-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_LLY_2023-09-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-12 and 2023-09-13, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-09-12 to 2023-09-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_LLY_2023-09-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-13 and 2023-09-20, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2023-09-13 to 2023-09-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_EMR_2023-09-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-11 and 2023-09-13, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2023-09-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001082","name":"Kevin Hern"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-09-11 to 2023-09-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_SYY_2020-03-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-20 and 2020-03-27, 4 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-03-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2020-03-20 to 2020-03-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_SYY_2020-03-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought SYY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-23 and 2020-03-30, 3 members took the same direction on SYY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-03-23","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SYY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2020-03-23 to 2020-03-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_BSX_2020-03-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BSX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-26 and 2020-03-30, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BSX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BSX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-03-26 to 2020-03-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_BSX_2023-04-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BSX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-04-19 and 2023-04-26, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BSX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","date":"2023-04-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BSX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-04-19 to 2023-04-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_TMO_2023-11-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TMO within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-11-28 and 2023-12-05, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on TMO. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2023-11-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TMO","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"}],"span":"2023-11-28 to 2023-12-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_FRC_2023-03-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold FRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-15 and 2023-03-20, 4 members took the same direction on FRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FRC","date":"2023-03-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FRC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000599","name":"Dan Goldman"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2023-03-15 to 2023-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001114_FRC_2023-03-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FRC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-03-16 and 2023-03-20, 3 members took the same direction on FRC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FRC","date":"2023-03-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FRC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"}],"span":"2023-03-16 to 2023-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001114_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"71 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Curtis executed 71 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Entity List Additions","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-11-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Entity List Additions","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-11-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001114_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Curtis executed 12 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-09-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; End-Stage Renal Disease Prospective Payment System, Payment for Renal Dialysis Services Furnished to I","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2023-11-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; End-Stage Renal Disease Prospective Payment System, Payment for Renal Dialysis Services Furnished to I","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2023-11-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001114_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"42 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Curtis executed 42 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 73","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-11-07"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Russian Harmful Foreign Activities Sanctions Regulations Web General License 73","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-11-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001114_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Curtis executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-02-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2021-11-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2021-06-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation: Implementation of Federal Acquisition Supply Chain Security Act (FASCSA) Orders; Correct","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2023-11-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Restriction on Acquisition of Personal Protective Equipment and Certa","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2023-01-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001114_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Curtis executed 8 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2023-06-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Atlantic Ocean, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2023-11-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Atlantic Ocean, Key West, FL","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2023-11-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C001114_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Curtis executed 6 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSX","date":"2023-12-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-09-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2022-03-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":9,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Travel Regulation (FTR); Sustainable Transportation for Official Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel","agency":"General Services Administration","date":"2023-12-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Travel Regulation (FTR); Sustainable Transportation for Official Temporary Duty (TDY) Travel","agency":"General Services Administration","date":"2023-12-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001114_sx32vp","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Curtis campaign paid $2,473,603 to 28 surname-matched vendors, top: CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING, INC.","explanation":"John Curtis's campaign paid 153 disbursements totaling $2,473,603 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING, INC.","total":726851.75,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING, INC.","amount":72780,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"DIRECT MAIL/ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING, INC.","amount":52064.23,"date":"2010-10-11","description":"PRODUCTION/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING, INC.","amount":46758.74,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"PRODUCTION/POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES","total":379580.01,"count":40,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES","amount":34254.36,"date":"2023-04-18","description":"CAGING","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES","amount":17935.5,"date":"2024-06-28","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES","amount":15567.02,"date":"2018-10-09","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ISAKSON, CURTIS","total":304317.02,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"ISAKSON, CURTIS","amount":41429.41,"date":"2013-06-25","description":"JFC TRAVEL-NO ITEM. REQUIRED","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ISAKSON, CURTIS","amount":30491.67,"date":"2011-10-06","description":"JFC TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ISAKSON, CURTIS","amount":26366.98,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"JFC TRAVEL-NO ITEMIZATION REQUIRED","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES PC","total":169211.4,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES PC","amount":12025,"date":"2012-06-18","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING FEES","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES PC","amount":10755.63,"date":"2020-11-03","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES PC","amount":9700,"date":"2023-03-08","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES P.C.","total":105751.51000000001,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES P.C.","amount":9456.26,"date":"2014-08-01","description":"PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING & REPORTING FEES","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES P.C.","amount":8385,"date":"2014-09-04","description":"PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING & REPORTING FEES","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MCCAULEY & ASSOCIATES P.C.","amount":8125.25,"date":"2012-04-24","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING FEES","surnameMatched":"mccauley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING","total":103339.11,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING","amount":25025.4,"date":"2004-09-22","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING","amount":24898.42,"date":"2014-07-07","description":"PRINT ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING","amount":17914.09,"date":"2014-05-30","description":"ADVERTISING VIA DIRECT MAILER","surnameMatched":"curtis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CURTIS%20SCOTT%20ADVERTISING"]},{"id":"P25_C001114_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of PAC dollars ($3,088,472) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"John Curtis receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":3088471.7600000007,"share":69.9,"totalPAC":4420555.390000001,"pacCount":10},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":3088471.7600000007,"share":69.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":942668.17,"share":21.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":197796.25,"share":4.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":135600,"share":3.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_C001114_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with UT R delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CURTIS, John R. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2026-01-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_C001114_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $9,465,979 supporting member — 2.0× their own $4,691,990 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 2.0×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":9465979.339999998,"events":95},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":4691990},{"source":"ratio","ratio":2.02},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"CONSERVATIVE VALUES FOR UTAH","support":4989120.15},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":3453895.23},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"CLEARPATH ACTION FUND, INC.","support":610993.44}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001114","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 30 total findings","explanation":"John Curtis has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":30,"highSeverityCount":11,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_C001114_MSFT_20230601","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in MSFT 21 days before FTC action","explanation":"John Curtis sold MSFT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-06-01","title":"FTC Will Require Microsoft to Pay $20 million over Charges it Illegally Collected Personal Information from Children without Their Parents’ Consent","penalty":20000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-11","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/06/ftc-will-require-microsoft-pay-20-million-over-charges-it-illegally-collected-personal-information"]},{"id":"P40_C001114_MA_20230501","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in MA 5 days before FTC action","explanation":"John Curtis sold MA within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2023-05-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Requiring Mastercard to Stop Blocking the Use of Competing Debit Payment Networks","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-approves-final-order-requiring-mastercard-stop-blocking-use-competing-debit-payment-networks"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-26","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-approves-final-order-requiring-mastercard-stop-blocking-use-competing-debit-payment-networks"]},{"id":"P38_C001114_Energy_2024","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy PACs gave $13K in 2026 — 11.9× baseline — after 5-trade concentration in 2024","explanation":"John Curtis executed 5 trades in Energy-sector stocks during the 2024 cycle. In the following cycle (2026), PACs from the Energy industry contributed $13,125 — 11.9× the member's all-cycle baseline of $1,100/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2024","sector":"Energy","tradeCount":5},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2026,"sector":"Energy","amount":13125,"baseline":1100,"ratio":"11.9"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_C001114_BSX_20230223","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BSX 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $BSX 1 day after a corporate insider (Sorenson John Bradley  (CIK 0001629277)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Sorenson John Bradley  (CIK 0001629277)","filingDate":"2023-02-22","adsh":"0001225208-23-002535","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_HD_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $HD 1 day after a corporate insider (Decker Edward P.  (CIK 0001615935)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Decker Edward P.  (CIK 0001615935)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-021303","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_UNH_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UNH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $UNH 1 day after a corporate insider (SHORT MARIANNE D  (CIK 0001565456)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"SHORT MARIANNE D  (CIK 0001565456)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-021274","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_TMUS_20220309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TMUS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $TMUS 1 day after a corporate insider (SIEVERT G MICHAEL  (CIK 0001182438)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMUS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMUS","filer":"SIEVERT G MICHAEL  (CIK 0001182438)","filingDate":"2022-03-08","adsh":"0001283699-22-000053","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_DE_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $DE 1 day after a corporate insider (DE LARDEMELLE CHARLES  (CIK 0001677702)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"DE LARDEMELLE CHARLES  (CIK 0001677702)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001456417-20-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_PGR_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $PGR 2 days after a corporate insider (Callahan Patrick K  (CIK 0001638126)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Callahan Patrick K  (CIK 0001638126)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001127602-20-011908","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_ZTS_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ZTS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $ZTS 2 days after a corporate insider (STEERE WILLIAM C JR  (CIK 0001033870)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"STEERE WILLIAM C JR  (CIK 0001033870)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001555280-20-000146","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_HLT_20220309","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HLT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $HLT 2 days after a corporate insider (SCHUYLER MATTHEW W  (CIK 0001238042)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLT","filer":"SCHUYLER MATTHEW W  (CIK 0001238042)","filingDate":"2022-03-07","adsh":"0001585689-22-000042","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_UNP_20230913","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNP 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $UNP 2 days after a corporate insider (Rynaski Todd M.  (CIK 0001650791)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"Rynaski Todd M.  (CIK 0001650791)","filingDate":"2023-09-11","adsh":"0000100885-23-000184","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_COST_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $COST 2 days after a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001567619-20-007004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_ELV_20231204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ELV 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $ELV 3 days after a corporate insider (Penczek Ronald W  (CIK 0001659075)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Penczek Ronald W  (CIK 0001659075)","filingDate":"2023-12-01","adsh":"0001156039-23-000118","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_CRM_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $CRM 3 days after a corporate insider (Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Weaver Amy E  (CIK 0001653189)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-011896","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_AZO_20231204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AZO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $AZO 3 days after a corporate insider (Newbern Thomas B  (CIK 0001394155)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AZO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AZO","filer":"Newbern Thomas B  (CIK 0001394155)","filingDate":"2023-12-01","adsh":"0001225208-23-010613","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_MSFT_20230511","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $MSFT 3 days after a corporate insider (Capossela Christopher C  (CIK 0001601944)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Capossela Christopher C  (CIK 0001601944)","filingDate":"2023-05-08","adsh":"0001062993-23-010489","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_CMG_20231204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CMG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $CMG 3 days after a corporate insider (Niccol Brian R  (CIK 0001628588)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMG","filer":"Niccol Brian R  (CIK 0001628588)","filingDate":"2023-12-01","adsh":"0001127602-23-028610","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_KLAC_20211108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KLAC 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $KLAC 3 days after a corporate insider (Hanley Jeneanne Michelle  (CIK 0001733201)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KLAC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KLAC","filer":"Hanley Jeneanne Michelle  (CIK 0001733201)","filingDate":"2021-11-05","adsh":"0001628280-21-022026","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_TXN_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TXN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $TXN 3 days after a corporate insider (KIRK RONALD  (CIK 0001186342)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TXN","filer":"KIRK RONALD  (CIK 0001186342)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-011872","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_CMCSA_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CMCSA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $CMCSA 3 days after a corporate insider (WATSON DAVID N  (CIK 0001276908)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"WATSON DAVID N  (CIK 0001276908)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001225208-20-005486","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_AAPL_20231204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $AAPL 3 days after a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2023-12-01","adsh":"0000320193-23-000113","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_CRM_20231204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CRM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $CRM 4 days after a corporate insider (Niederst Lori A  (CIK 0001691371)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Niederst Lori A  (CIK 0001691371)","filingDate":"2023-11-30","adsh":"0001127602-23-028443","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_ADBE_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ADBE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $ADBE 4 days after a corporate insider (Murphy John Francis  (CIK 0001417762)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Murphy John Francis  (CIK 0001417762)","filingDate":"2020-03-23","adsh":"0000796343-20-000061","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_NVDA_20231204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NVDA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $NVDA 4 days after a corporate insider (HUDSON DAWN E  (CIK 0001219888)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"HUDSON DAWN E  (CIK 0001219888)","filingDate":"2023-11-30","adsh":"0001045810-23-000237","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_AMD_20221220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMD 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $AMD 4 days after a corporate insider (GRASBY PAUL DARREN  (CIK 0001768248)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"GRASBY PAUL DARREN  (CIK 0001768248)","filingDate":"2022-12-16","adsh":"0000002488-22-000180","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_META_20231204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $META 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $META 4 days after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2023-11-30","adsh":"0000950103-23-016909","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_GOOG_20231204","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GOOG 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $GOOG 5 days after a corporate insider (Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"Pichai Sundar  (CIK 0001534753)","filingDate":"2023-11-29","adsh":"0001209191-23-056865","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C001114_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+3 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John Curtis accumulated 28 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 3 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":3,"totalRaw":28}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_ELV_20231204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ELV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $ELV 1 day before a corporate insider (Todt Blair Williams  (CIK 0001456430)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Todt Blair Williams  (CIK 0001456430)","filingDate":"2023-12-05","adsh":"0001156039-23-000121"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_KO_20231204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $KO 1 day before a corporate insider (KO BRYAN SEUK  (CIK 0001800741)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"KO BRYAN SEUK  (CIK 0001800741)","filingDate":"2023-12-05","adsh":"0001209191-23-057456"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_AMZN_20231204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2023-12-05","adsh":"0001018724-23-000040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_AMZN_20230223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2023-02-24","adsh":"0001127602-23-007056"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_PEP_20231204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PEP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $PEP 1 day before a corporate insider (VASELLA DANIEL  (CIK 0001189152)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PEP","filer":"VASELLA DANIEL  (CIK 0001189152)","filingDate":"2023-12-05","adsh":"0001209191-23-057428"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_ADBE_20210622","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (Parasnis Abhay  (CIK 0001647550)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Parasnis Abhay  (CIK 0001647550)","filingDate":"2021-06-23","adsh":"0000796343-21-000153"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_TGT_20220628","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TGT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $TGT 1 day before a corporate insider (SYLVESTER CARA A  (CIK 0001846662)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGT","filer":"SYLVESTER CARA A  (CIK 0001846662)","filingDate":"2022-06-29","adsh":"0001225208-22-008316"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_TGT_20220309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TGT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $TGT 1 day before a corporate insider (Rice Derica W  (CIK 0001359067)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TGT","filer":"Rice Derica W  (CIK 0001359067)","filingDate":"2022-03-10","adsh":"0001225208-22-004504"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_DLTR_20210622","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DLTR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $DLTR 1 day before a corporate insider (McNeely Richard L  (CIK 0001797424)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DLTR","filer":"McNeely Richard L  (CIK 0001797424)","filingDate":"2021-06-23","adsh":"0001127602-21-020549"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_PANW_20230913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PANW 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $PANW 2 days before a corporate insider (Bawa Aparna  (CIK 0001773301)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PANW","filer":"Bawa Aparna  (CIK 0001773301)","filingDate":"2023-09-15","adsh":"0001209191-23-049584"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_HLT_20220309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HLT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $HLT 2 days before a corporate insider (Mabus Raymond E  (CIK 0001317996)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLT","filer":"Mabus Raymond E  (CIK 0001317996)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0001585689-22-000047"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_UNP_20220309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNP 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $UNP 2 days before a corporate insider (Gehringer Eric J  (CIK 0001839176)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNP","filer":"Gehringer Eric J  (CIK 0001839176)","filingDate":"2022-03-11","adsh":"0000100885-22-000082"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_C_20210622","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $C 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $C 2 days before a corporate insider (TA ASSOCIATES, L.P.  (CIK 0001034569)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"TA ASSOCIATES, L.P.  (CIK 0001034569)","filingDate":"2021-06-24","adsh":"0001209191-21-043090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_CRM_20210622","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CRM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $CRM 3 days before a corporate insider (Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)","filingDate":"2021-06-25","adsh":"0001127602-21-020688"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_MSFT_20231204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $MSFT 3 days before a corporate insider (Walmsley Emma N  (CIK 0001795429)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Walmsley Emma N  (CIK 0001795429)","filingDate":"2023-12-07","adsh":"0001062993-23-022112"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_BLK_20210622","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BLK 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $BLK 3 days before a corporate insider (Kelly David George  (CIK 0001624670)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Kelly David George  (CIK 0001624670)","filingDate":"2021-06-25","adsh":"0000899243-21-025957"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_DE_20200327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DE 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $DE 3 days before a corporate insider (International Value Advisers, LLC  (CIK 0001456417)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"International Value Advisers, LLC  (CIK 0001456417)","filingDate":"2020-03-30","adsh":"0001456417-20-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_ZTS_20231204","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ZTS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $ZTS 4 days before a corporate insider (SCULLY ROBERT W  (CIK 0001352881)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"SCULLY ROBERT W  (CIK 0001352881)","filingDate":"2023-12-08","adsh":"0001555280-23-000258"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_UNH_20230223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $UNH 4 days before a corporate insider (HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"HEMSLEY STEPHEN J  (CIK 0001180162)","filingDate":"2023-02-27","adsh":"0001209191-23-013408"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_CVX_20230223","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CVX 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis sell $CVX 4 days before a corporate insider (Moyo Dambisa F  (CIK 0001656418)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"Moyo Dambisa F  (CIK 0001656418)","filingDate":"2023-02-27","adsh":"0001127602-23-007392"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_SYY_20200327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SYY 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $SYY 4 days before a corporate insider (CASSADAY JOHN M  (CIK 0001308732)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYY","filer":"CASSADAY JOHN M  (CIK 0001308732)","filingDate":"2020-03-31","adsh":"0000096021-20-000030"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_LRCX_20200327","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LRCX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $LRCX 5 days before a corporate insider (Bettinger Douglas R  (CIK 0001469469)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LRCX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LRCX","filer":"Bettinger Douglas R  (CIK 0001469469)","filingDate":"2020-04-01","adsh":"0000707549-20-000070"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_SPGI_20220309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SPGI 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $SPGI 5 days before a corporate insider (ESCULIER JACQUES  (CIK 0001272186)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPGI","filer":"ESCULIER JACQUES  (CIK 0001272186)","filingDate":"2022-03-14","adsh":"0000064040-22-000101"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_HLT_20210812","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HLT 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $HLT 5 days before a corporate insider (SCHUYLER MATTHEW W  (CIK 0001238042)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HLT","filer":"SCHUYLER MATTHEW W  (CIK 0001238042)","filingDate":"2021-08-17","adsh":"0001585689-21-000102"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_ADBE_20221021","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ADBE 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John Curtis buy $ADBE 5 days before a corporate insider (Chakravarthy Anil  (CIK 0001584805)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Chakravarthy Anil  (CIK 0001584805)","filingDate":"2022-10-26","adsh":"0000796343-22-000210"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C001114_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+30 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John Curtis accumulated 55 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 30 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":30,"totalRaw":55}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P48_C001114_335160","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 3 days before a Industrials hearing in Senate Environment and Public Works","explanation":"John Curtis sits on Senate Environment and Public Works, which on 2023-12-06 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act investments in habitat and ecosystem restoration, pollinators, and wildlife cross…\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $HON (a Industrials-sector stock) 3 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Environment and Public Works","eventId":"335160","title":"Hearings to examine Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act investments in habitat and ecosystem restoration, pollinators, and wildlife crossings.","date":"2023-12-06T15:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335160"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/335160","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001114_334097","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT on the same day as a Technology hearing in Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","explanation":"John Curtis sits on Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, which on 2023-05-10 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.229, to require SelectUSA to coordinate with State-level economic development organizations to increase forei…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) on the same day as the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation","eventId":"334097","title":"Business meeting to consider S.229, to require SelectUSA to coordinate with State-level economic development organizations to increase foreign direct investment in semiconductor-related manufacturing and production, S.576, to enhance safety requirements for trains transporting hazardous materials, S.1280, to require coordinated National Institute of Standards and Technology science and research activities regarding illicit drugs containing xylazine, novel synthetic opioids, and other substances of concern, S.1284, to improve forecasting and understanding of tornadoes and other hazardous weather, S.1414, to improve the instant messaging service used by the National Weather Service, S.1416, to provide guidance for and investment in the upgrade and modernization of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Radio All Hazards Network, and promotions in the Coast Guard.","date":"2023-05-10T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334097"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334097","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001114_334700","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNP 5 days after a Industrials hearing in Senate Environment and Public Works","explanation":"John Curtis sits on Senate Environment and Public Works, which on 2023-09-07 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine implementing IIJA, focusing on perspectives on the Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act.\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $UNP (a Industrials-sector stock) 5 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Environment and Public Works","eventId":"334700","title":"Hearings to examine implementing IIJA, focusing on perspectives on the Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act.","date":"2023-09-07T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334700"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334700","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001114_333704","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $RTX 14 days before a Defense hearing in Senate Foreign Relations","explanation":"John Curtis sits on Senate Foreign Relations, which on 2023-03-08 held a hearing titled \"Business meeting to consider S.316, to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq, S.509, to provide resources for Uni…\" — classified as Defense sector. The member sell $RTX (a Defense-sector stock) 14 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Foreign Relations","eventId":"333704","title":"Business meeting to consider S.316, to repeal the authorizations for use of military force against Iraq, S.509, to provide resources for United States nationals unlawfully or wrongfully detained abroad, S.430, to provide authority to enter into a cooperative agreement to protect civilians in Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula from weaponized unmanned aerial systems, the nominations of Stephanie Sanders Sullivan, of Maryland, to be Representative to the African Union, with the rank and status of Ambassador, Michael Alan Ratney, of Massachusetts, to be Ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Geeta Rao Gupta, of Virginia, to be Ambassador at Large for Global Women's Issues, Eric M. Garcetti, of California, to be Ambassador to the Republic of India, and Richard R. Verma, of Maryland, to be Deputy Secretary for Management and Resources, all of the Department of State, L. Felice Gorordo, of Florida, to be Alternate Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Richard L.A. Weiner, of the District of Columbia, to be Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Leopoldo Martinez Nucete, of Virginia, to be Executive Director of the Inter-American Development Bank, and other pending calendar business.","date":"2023-03-08T15:30:00Z","sector":"Defense","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333704"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333704","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_C001114_333584","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CVX 7 days after a Energy hearing in Senate Environment and Public Works","explanation":"John Curtis sits on Senate Environment and Public Works, which on 2023-02-15 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the future of low carbon transportation fuels and considerations for a national clean fuels program.\" — classified as Energy sector. The member sell $CVX (a Energy-sector stock) 7 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Environment and Public Works","eventId":"333584","title":"Hearings to examine the future of low carbon transportation fuels and considerations for a national clean fuels program.","date":"2023-02-15T15:00:00Z","sector":"Energy","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333584"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/333584","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001114_2023-01-26_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CVX 28 days after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"John Curtis delivered a 226-word floor speech on 2023-01-26 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I rise today in support of the Strategic Production Response Act. The President sold an unprecedented amount of the Strategic Petroleum Re- serve, which was constructed to be used solely du…\"). The member sell $CVX (a Energy-sector stock) 28 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-01-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":226,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I rise today in support of the Strategic Production Response Act. The President sold an unprecedented amount of the Strategic Petroleum Re- serve, which was constructed to be used solely du","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/01/26/169/17/CREC-2023-01-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-23"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/01/26/169/17/CREC-2023-01-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001114_2022-07-27_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 29 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"John Curtis delivered a 156-word floor speech on 2022-07-27 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank Mr. CARTER for his support. I rise today in support of the Advanc- ing Telehealth Beyond COVID–19 Act. There is no putting the genie back in the bottle. COVID–19 highlighted the…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 29 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2022-07-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":156,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank Mr. CARTER for his support. I rise today in support of the Advanc- ing Telehealth Beyond COVID–19 Act. There is no putting the genie back in the bottle. COVID–19 highlighted the","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/27/168/125/CREC-2022-07-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-28"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2022/07/27/168/125/CREC-2022-07-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_C001114","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $429,750","explanation":"John Curtis received campaign contributions totaling $429,750 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($399,950); KENDALL PROPERTIES AND INVESTMENTS ($29,800).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":429750,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":399950,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KELLER INVESTMENTS PROPERTIES","ldaClient":"KENDALL PROPERTIES AND INVESTMENTS","donorTotal":29800,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001114","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $156,700 on 2024-06-05 (11.2× normal)","explanation":"John Curtis's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $156,700 on 2024-06-05 — 11.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":156700,"maxRatio":11.2,"maxAmount":156700},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-06-05","amount":156700,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":13995,"count":57,"cmteId":"C00647339","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00647339&min_date=2024-06-05&max_date=2024-06-05"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00647339/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00647339&min_date=2024-06-05&max_date=2024-06-05"]},{"id":"P65_C001114_2023-12-04","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-12-04 — 57 unique tickers","explanation":"John Curtis executed 57 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-12-04 to 2023-12-04), spanning 57 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-12-04","windowEnd":"2023-12-04","tradeCount":57,"uniqueTickers":57,"totalDisclosedTrades":286,"sampleTickers":["LRCX","ZTS","FI","NVDA","GOOG","AMZN","KO","EW","AAPL","UNH"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P68_C001114","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 24 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$6.2M","explanation":"John Curtis's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 24 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $6,182,505. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Commercial Property Description: Commerc (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Provo Rental Description: Rental Propert (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Cynosure Partners III, LP Company: Cynos (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $500,001 - $1,000,000); North Ogden Residential Property Descrip (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000); Peak Ventures Fund II, L.P. Company: Pea (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":24,"totalEstMidpoint":6182505,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Commercial Property Description: Commercial Real Estate (Provo, UT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"},{"name":"Provo Rental Description: Rental Property (Provo, UT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"},{"name":"Cynosure Partners III, LP Company: Cynosure Partners III, LP (Salt Lake City, UT) Description: Pooled investment fund with diversified portfolio","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"},{"name":"North Ogden Residential Property Description: North Ogden Residential Property (North Ogden, UT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"},{"name":"Peak Ventures Fund II, L.P. Company: Peak Ventures Fund II, L.P. (Provo, UT) Description: Pooled investment fund with diversified portfolio","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_C001114","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $6.0M in personal liabilities (34% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"John Curtis's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $6,000,001 in personal liabilities against $17,538,261 in assets — a 34.2% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $6.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":6000001,"totalAssetMid":17538261,"leverageRatio":34.2,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2022 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 5.125% (30) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · EverBank Virginia Beach, VA · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2018 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 4.57%% (30) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Bank of Utah Ogden, UT · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_C001114","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 4 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Manager) at John Ream Curtis SPE, LLC Orem, UT","explanation":"John Curtis's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 4 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Manager) at John Ream Curtis SPE, LLC Orem, UT (Company); Other (Manager) at Action Commercial Park LLC Provo, UT (Company); Trustee at Curtis Family Trust Provo, UT (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":4,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2018 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"John Ream Curtis SPE, LLC Orem, UT","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Jan 2018 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Action Commercial Park LLC Provo, UT","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Jan 2018 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Curtis Family Trust Provo, UT","entityType":"Trust"},{"dates":"Jun 2014 to present","role":"Director","entity":"ATI Founders, Inc. Provo, UT","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001114","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 24 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 99 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John Curtis appears in 24 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 99 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 24 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (11); reg rule trade proximity (6); hearing proximity trade (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":24,"totalFindings":99,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":11},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":2},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001114","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P81_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — ATI Founders, Inc. Company: ATI Founders, Inc. (Provo, UT) Description: Sells sh…","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: ATI Founders, Inc. Company: ATI Founders, Inc. (Provo, UT) D.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"ATI Founders, Inc. Company: ATI Founders, Inc. (Provo, UT) Description: Sells shooting range equipment under Action Target brand","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis discloses 7 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 7 unascertainable, 6% of 119 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 7 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 7 unascertainable) across 119 total reported assets — 6% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: West Gate of Orem, LLC Company: West Gate of Orem, LLC (North Ogden, UT) Description: Rental Propert (--) · Monticello Development Company, LLC Company: Monticello Development Company, LLC (Monticello, UT) De (--) · NLI DB2 LLC Company: NLI DB2 LLC (Salt Lake City, UT) Description: Retail (--) · NLI Falmouth, LLC Company: NLI Falmouth, LLC (Salt Lake City, UT) Description: Self-Storage (--) · Curtis Family Trust (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":7,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":7,"totalAssets":119,"opaqueRatio":0.059,"samples":[{"asset":"West Gate of Orem, LLC Company: West Gate of Orem, LLC (North Ogden, UT) Description: Rental Propert","value":"--"},{"asset":"Monticello Development Company, LLC Company: Monticello Development Company, LLC (Monticello, UT) De","value":"--"},{"asset":"NLI DB2 LLC Company: NLI DB2 LLC (Salt Lake City, UT) Description: Retail","value":"--"},{"asset":"NLI Falmouth, LLC Company: NLI Falmouth, LLC (Salt Lake City, UT) Description: Self-Storage","value":"--"},{"asset":"Curtis Family Trust","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Curtis discloses 21 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 21 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: CSDIX - Cohen & Steers Real Estate Securities Fund Inc. · VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF · CSDIX - Cohen & Steers Real Estate Securities Fund Inc. · VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":21,"properties":[{"name":"CSDIX - Cohen & Steers Real Estate Securities Fund Inc.","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"CSDIX - Cohen & Steers Real Estate Securities Fund Inc.","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"CSDIX - Cohen & Steers Real Estate Securities Fund Inc.","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"SCHH - Schwab U.S. REIT ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Provo Rental Description: Rental Property (Provo, UT)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis discloses 4 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Sundance Debt Partners, LLC Description : Pooled investment  · PEG Opportunity Zone Investors LLC Description : Pooled inve · Peak Ventures Fund II, L.P. Company: Peak Ventures Fund II,  · Cynosure Partners III, LP Company: Cynosure Partners III, LP.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":4,"holdings":[{"name":"Sundance Debt Partners, LLC Description : Pooled investment fund with diversified portfolio (Salt Lake City, U","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"PEG Opportunity Zone Investors LLC Description : Pooled investment fund with diversified portfolio (Provo, UT)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Peak Ventures Fund II, L.P. Company: Peak Ventures Fund II, L.P. (Provo, UT) Description: Pooled investment fu","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Cynosure Partners III, LP Company: Cynosure Partners III, LP (Salt Lake City, UT) Description: Pooled investme","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Curtis's 2025 PFD: 65 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (54% of 120 reported assets)","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 65 reported holdings owned by Spouse (16), Joint (49), or Dependent (0) — 54% of 120 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: CSDIX - Cohen & Steers Real Estate Securities Fund Inc. · Spouse: DODIX - Dodge & Cox Income Fund - Class I · Spouse: FVADX - Franklin Value Fund Advisor Class · Spouse: IVV - iShares Core S&P 500 ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":16,"Joint":49,"Dependent":0,"Self":54},"totalAssets":120,"familyShare":0.542,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CSDIX - Cohen & Steers Real Estate Securities Fund Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"DODIX - Dodge & Cox Income Fund - Class I","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"FVADX - Franklin Value Fund Advisor Class","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"IVV - iShares Core S&P 500 ETF","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"IEF - iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis's 2025 PFD: 3 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Sundance Debt Partners, LLC Description : Pooled investment fund with diversified portfolio (Salt La","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"PEG Opportunity Zone Investors LLC Description : Pooled investment fund with diversified portfolio (","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Commercial Property Description: Commercial Real Estate (Provo, UT)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_C001114","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Curtis's campaign paid $603,898 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: ISAKSON, CURTIS ($304,317)","explanation":"John Curtis's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 27 payments totaling $603,898 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ISAKSON, CURTIS ($304,317 across 14 payments, services: JFC TRAVEL-NO ITEM. REQUIRED · JFC TRAVEL · JFC TRAVEL-NO ITEMIZATION REQUIRED). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":603897.7300000001,"paymentCount":27,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ISAKSON, CURTIS","total":304317.02,"count":14,"descriptions":["JFC TRAVEL-NO ITEM. REQUIRED","JFC TRAVEL","JFC TRAVEL-NO ITEMIZATION REQUIRED"]},{"payee":"CURTIS SCOTT ADVERTISING","total":103339.11,"count":5,"descriptions":["PRINTING EXPENSE","PRINT ADVERTISING","ADVERTISING VIA DIRECT MAILER"]},{"payee":"CURTIS HILL FOR INDIANA","total":60000,"count":3,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION - INDIVIDUAL DOLLARS"]},{"payee":"CURTIS PRINTING","total":35272.85,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRINTING & MAILING EXP."]},{"payee":"CURTIS BASHAW FOR US SENATE","total":35000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DIRECT CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"curtis"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8UT03238&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_C001114","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 90 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. John Curtis has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 90 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":90,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P103_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · ATI Founders, Inc. Provo,","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Director · ATI Founders, Inc. Provo, (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"ATI Founders, Inc. Provo, UT","entityType":"Company","dates":"Jun 2014 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis's 2025 PFD lists 3 entities bearing the surname \"Curtis\" — top: John Reem Curtis SPE, LLC","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 3 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Curtis\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: John Reem Curtis SPE, LLC (asset) · John Ream Curtis SPE, LLC (position) · Curtis Family Trust Provo, UT (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Curtis","count":3,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"John Reem Curtis SPE, LLC Company: John Reem Curtis SPE, LLC (North Ogden, UT) Description: Resident","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"position","entry":"John Ream Curtis SPE, LLC Orem, UT","position":"Other (Manager)"},{"source":"position","entry":"Curtis Family Trust Provo, UT","position":"Trustee"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P105_C001114","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis named on 1 SEC Schedule 13D/G filing — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"John Curtis appears as a named filer on 1 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filing (most recent: 2008-02-21, form SC 13D/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":1,"latest":{"fileDate":"2008-02-21","form":"SC 13D/A","displayNames":["CURTIS JOHN CRAGOE  (CIK 0001352773)","GREENLITE VENTURES INC  (CIK 0001282571)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001352773&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1352773/000106299308000762/0001062993-08-000762-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1352773/000106299308000762/0001062993-08-000762-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001352773&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P109_C001114","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.6M total receipts) — top: TEAM CURTIS JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE","explanation":"John Curtis appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM CURTIS JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE (C00654459, $2.6M receipts, treasurer MCCAULEY, MIKE). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.57,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00654459","name":"TEAM CURTIS JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE","receipts":2574019.5,"treasurer":"MCCAULEY, MIKE","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654459/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654459/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00654459/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P135_C001114","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $17.5M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"John Curtis's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $17.5M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 120; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":17538261,"assetCount":120,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_C001114","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Curtis draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.9M PAC / $9.4M total)","explanation":"John Curtis's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.9M of $9.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.88,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.38,"pacSharePct":52,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H8UT03238"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8UT03238/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C001114","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Curtis's PAC funding concentrates 84% in Agriculture ($0.20M / $0.23M classified)","explanation":"John Curtis's PAC donors concentrate 84% in the Agriculture industry — $0.20M of $0.23M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.20M · Labor $0.04M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.2,"totalPacAmountM":0.23,"concentrationPct":84.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.2,"Labor":0.04}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8UT03238/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_C001114","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Curtis triggers 36 HIGH-severity findings across 40 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John Curtis accumulates 36 HIGH-severity findings across 40 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":36,"distinctDetectorTypes":40}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_C001114","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis triggers 41 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John Curtis accumulates findings across 41 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 41 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":41,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P9","P10","P11","P15","P17","P18","P19","P25","P29","P31","P36","P40","P38","P42","P43","P48","P49","P61","P62","P65","P68","P69","P70","P78","P81","P83","P84","P85","P87"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis's 2025 PFD shows 8 broad-market index funds (40% of 20 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 of 20 ticker holdings (40%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: IVV, IEMG, IJR, AGG, MDY, VBTLX, VO, BND.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":8,"totalTickers":20,"ratio":0.4,"broadTickers":["IVV","IEMG","IJR","AGG","MDY","VBTLX","VO","BND"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 119 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 119 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":119,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_UT_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"UT delegation: John Curtis & Mike Lee both flagged on 11 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from UT — John Curtis and Mike Lee — are flagged on the same 11 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P9, P10, P11, P15, P25, P29, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"UT","otherSenatorBid":"L000577","otherSenatorName":"Mike Lee","sharedDetectorCount":11,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P9","P10","P11","P15","P25","P29","P36","P61","P62","P69"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001114","https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000577"]},{"id":"P175_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis's 2025 PFD reports $6.00M in total liabilities (3 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $6.00M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 3 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 34% of total assets ($17.54M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":6,"totalAssetMidM":17.54,"liabCount":3,"leverageRatio":0.342,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_C001114_2023-12-04","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Curtis — 57 trades on 2023-12-04","explanation":"John Curtis disclosed 57 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-12-04). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-12-04","count":57}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001114","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (286/286)","explanation":"John Curtis's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":286,"atBracket":286,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001114","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Curtis — 91 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John Curtis has traded 91 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":91,"sample":["LRCX","ZTS","FI","NVDA","GOOG","AMZN","KO","EW","AAPL","UNH"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001114_AMZN","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker AMZN","explanation":"John Curtis traded AMZN on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AMZN trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AMZN","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_C001114_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Curtis — 52 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Curtis's 2025 Senate PFD shows 52 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":52,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/55e88d82-9349-4089-9a2b-51b80b3f3431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"K000394":[{"id":"P6_K000394_txn3fn","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,550,000,710 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SPIRIT OF REFORMING AMERICA","explanation":"SPIRIT OF REFORMING AMERICA spent $2,550,000,710 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00746487","name":"SPIRIT OF REFORMING AMERICA","support":2550000709.68,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00746487/"]},{"id":"P6_K000394_tyq0yv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$35,000,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SPIRIT OF AMERICAN REFORM, THE COALITION","explanation":"SPIRIT OF AMERICAN REFORM, THE COALITION FOR ELECTORAL REFORM. JASON CHANGKYU KIM spent $35,000,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00727552","name":"SPIRIT OF AMERICAN REFORM, THE COALITION FOR ELECTORAL REFORM. JASON CHANGKYU KIM","support":35000000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00727552/"]},{"id":"P6_K000394_d15iu7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$391,169 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Working New Jersey","explanation":"Working New Jersey spent $391,169 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90022500","name":"Working New Jersey","support":391169.0800000001,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90022500/"]},{"id":"P7_K000394_s8msje","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,456,470 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,456,470 opposing this member across 168 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5456469.619999999,"totalSupport":2586066119.6999993,"events":168,"topAttackers":[{"name":"GARDEN STATE ADVANCE, INC.","oppose":2602696.5},{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1458956.14},{"name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","oppose":576452.51},{"name":"RJC Victory Fund","oppose":477614.5},{"name":"UNITED 2024","oppose":324788.83999999997}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000394_g107y7","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,393 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,393 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10393.33,"oppose":0,"net":10393.33,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":7301.8099999999995,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":3091.52,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005988","name":"BEND THE ARC JEWISH ACTION INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000394_g5jqkm","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $604,192 / spent $349,763","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00761957","cmteName":"IN OUR HANDS","year":"2020","totalReceipts":20000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":20000},{"cmteId":"C00761957","cmteName":"IN OUR HANDS","year":"2022","totalReceipts":80411,"totalDisbursements":53080.7,"cashOnHand":47330.28},{"cmteId":"C00761957","cmteName":"IN OUR HANDS","year":"2024","totalReceipts":164361.2,"totalDisbursements":118648.2,"cashOnHand":93043.27},{"cmteId":"C00761957","cmteName":"IN OUR HANDS","year":"2026","totalReceipts":339420,"totalDisbursements":178033.8,"cashOnHand":254429.52}],"totalRaised":604192.2,"totalSpent":349762.69999999995}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_K000394_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34989 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $7,252,645 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 34989× NOT EMPLOYED = $7,252,645. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":34989,"total":7252645,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000394_5ftuy5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$257,671 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $257,671 across 252 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,103.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648220","date":"2023-09-30","amount":257671,"count":252,"baseline":26103,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648220/"]},{"id":"P15_K000394_ysq9bc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,041 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $113,041 across 72 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,921.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648220","date":"2021-03-31","amount":113041,"count":72,"baseline":16921,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648220/"]},{"id":"P15_K000394_5fxova","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$111,712 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $111,712 across 59 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,452.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648220","date":"2023-03-31","amount":111712,"count":59,"baseline":11452,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648220/"]},{"id":"P15_K000394_5ftuyu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,291 donation spike on 2023-09-26 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-26 this committee recorded $106,291 across 151 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,028.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648220","date":"2023-09-26","amount":106291,"count":151,"baseline":9028,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648220/"]},{"id":"P15_K000394_5ftuys","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,890 donation spike on 2023-09-28 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-28 this committee recorded $85,890 across 89 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,951.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648220","date":"2023-09-28","amount":85890,"count":89,"baseline":13951,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648220/"]},{"id":"P25_K000394_Labor","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"52% of PAC dollars ($446,187) come from Labor industry","explanation":"Andy Kim receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Labor issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Labor","amount":446187,"share":52.5,"totalPAC":850277.9400000001,"pacCount":14},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":446187,"share":52.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":231000,"share":27.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":72873,"share":8.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":54075.939999999995,"share":6.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_K000394_h8iphq","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00889618","name":"PA NJ VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00883223","name":"ANDY KIM VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00876516","name":"ANDY KIM - SUE ALTMAN VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_K000394_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KIM, Andy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from host"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":660,"date":"2026-01-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2025-12-04","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_K000394_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Outside groups spent $2,586,066,120 supporting member — 123.5× their own $20,944,712 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 123.5×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":2586066119.6999993,"events":168},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":20944712},{"source":"ratio","ratio":123.47},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"SPIRIT OF REFORMING AMERICA","support":2550000709.68},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"SPIRIT OF AMERICAN REFORM, THE COALITION FOR ELECTORAL REFORM. JASON CHANGKYU KIM","support":35000000},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"GARDEN STATE ADVANCE, INC.","support":12672.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_K000394_tiqtf3","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GARDEN STATE ADVANCE, INC. both supported ($12,673) and opposed ($2,602,697) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Andy Kim advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00809087","name":"GARDEN STATE ADVANCE, INC.","support":12672.5,"oppose":2602696.5,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809087/"]},{"id":"P36_K000394","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Andy Kim has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_K000394","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $13,843.74","explanation":"Andy Kim received campaign contributions totaling $13,843.74 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: PUERTO RICO DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ($7,243.74); CHICKASAW INKANA FOUNDATION (ON BEHALF OF THE CHIC ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":13843.74,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY","ldaClient":"PUERTO RICO DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY","donorTotal":7243.74,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE CHICKASAW NATION","ldaClient":"CHICKASAW INKANA FOUNDATION (ON BEHALF OF THE CHICKASAW NATION)","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_K000394","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $106,291 on 2023-09-26 (11.8× normal)","explanation":"Andy Kim's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $106,291 on 2023-09-26 — 11.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":106291,"maxRatio":11.8,"maxAmount":106291},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-09-26","amount":106291,"ratio":11.8,"baselineDaily":9028,"count":151,"cmteId":"C00648220","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00648220&min_date=2023-09-26&max_date=2023-09-26"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648220/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00648220&min_date=2023-09-26&max_date=2023-09-26"]},{"id":"P69_K000394","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $0.8M in personal liabilities (47% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Andy Kim's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $750,001 in personal liabilities against $1,588,513.5 in assets — a 47.2% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $0.8M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":750001,"totalAssetMid":1588513.5,"leverageRatio":47.2,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2015 · Joint · Mortgage · None · 3% (30 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Valon Phoenix, AZ · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2019 · Joint · Mortgage · None · 3% (30 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Mr Cooper Dallas, Texas · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_K000394","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 21 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Andy Kim appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 21 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":21,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000394","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P83_K000394_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Andy Kim discloses 10 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 10 unascertainable, 27% of 37 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Andy Kim's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 10 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 10 unascertainable) across 37 total reported assets — 27% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: 529 Institution: Merrill Edge 529 (--) · Vanguard 529 Institution: Vanguard (--) · Vanguard Mutual Fund Brokerage Account (--) · T Rowe Price 401K (--) · Structured Capital Strategies 16 Traditional IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":10,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":10,"totalAssets":37,"opaqueRatio":0.27,"samples":[{"asset":"529 Institution: Merrill Edge 529","value":"--"},{"asset":"Vanguard 529 Institution: Vanguard","value":"--"},{"asset":"Vanguard Mutual Fund Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"T Rowe Price 401K","value":"--"},{"asset":"Structured Capital Strategies 16 Traditional IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_K000394_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Andy Kim's 2025 PFD: 31 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (82% of 38 reported assets)","explanation":"Andy Kim's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 31 reported holdings owned by Spouse (19), Joint (8), or Dependent (4) — 82% of 38 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Bank of America (Washington, DC) Type: Checking · Joint: Bank of America (Washington, DC) Type: Savings · Joint: Capital One (McLean, VA) Type: Savings · Dependent: 529 Institution: Merrill Edge 529.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":19,"Joint":8,"Dependent":4,"Self":6},"totalAssets":38,"familyShare":0.816,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of America (Washington, DC) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of America (Washington, DC) Type: Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Capital One (McLean, VA) Type: Savings","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"529 Institution: Merrill Edge 529","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"BlackRock 2033 Enroll D","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P92_K000394_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Andy Kim's 2025 PFD: 4 holdings owned by Dependent Child (2 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Andy Kim's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 4 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 2 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: 529 Institution: Merrill Edge 529 · BlackRock 2033 Enroll D · Vanguard 529 Institution: Vanguard · Vanguard Target Enrollment 2034/2035 Portfolio.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":4,"highValueCount":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"529 Institution: Merrill Edge 529","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"BlackRock 2033 Enroll D","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"Vanguard 529 Institution: Vanguard","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Vanguard Target Enrollment 2034/2035 Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_K000394","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Kim filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 88 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Andy Kim has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 88 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (88d late, filed 08/11/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":88,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/11/2025","daysLate":88,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P100_K000394_2025","pattern_type":"P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andy Kim's spouse earned income from 1 finance-industry payer on 2025 PFD — senator on Banking/Finance committee — top: Vanguard Malvern, PA","explanation":"Andy Kim's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a major financial-services firm (investment bank, hedge fund, private equity, asset manager, or commercial bank). The senator simultaneously sits on a Senate committee with jurisdiction over the firm's regulator (SEC, OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve, or CFTC), creating direct household economic alignment on financial-regulation legislation. Spouse compensation from a regulated finance firm establishes ongoing household income dependence on the firm's profitability — every committee vote affecting capital requirements, broker-dealer rules, private-fund regulations, or merger-and-acquisition policy moves the senator's family balance sheet. Payers: Vanguard Malvern, PA (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_finance","year":"2025","count":1,"onFinanceCommittee":true,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Vanguard Malvern, PA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.sec.gov/edgar"]},{"id":"P148_K000394","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andy Kim's PAC funding concentrates 77% in Technology ($0.23M / $0.30M classified)","explanation":"Andy Kim's PAC donors concentrate 77% in the Technology industry — $0.23M of $0.30M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.23M · Labor $0.07M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.23,"totalPacAmountM":0.3,"concentrationPct":76.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.23,"Labor":0.07}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NJ03206/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_K000394","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Kim triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Andy Kim accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":22}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_K000394_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Kim's 2025 PFD shows 5 broad-market index funds (36% of 14 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Andy Kim's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 of 14 ticker holdings (36%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: VEA, VWO, VXUS, VTI, VFORX.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":5,"totalTickers":14,"ratio":0.36,"broadTickers":["VEA","VWO","VXUS","VTI","VFORX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P161_K000394_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Kim's 2025 PFD includes 2 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Andy Kim's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VTINX - Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund · VFORX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"VTINX - Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"VFORX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_K000394_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Kim's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 37 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Andy Kim's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 37 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":37,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NJ_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NJ delegation: Andy Kim & Cory Booker both flagged on 12 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NJ — Andy Kim and Cory Booker — are flagged on the same 12 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P14, P15, P25, P29.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NJ","otherSenatorBid":"B001288","otherSenatorName":"Cory Booker","sharedDetectorCount":12,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P25","P29","P36","P62","P93","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000394","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001288"]},{"id":"P193_K000394_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Kim — 14 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Andy Kim's 2025 Senate PFD shows 14 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":14,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2ea9c6e1-ec2d-4f6c-96ca-e9d9f4b906f9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001113":[{"id":"P6_C001113_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$10,782,604 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Majority PAC","explanation":"Senate Majority PAC spent $10,782,604 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 67 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"Senate Majority PAC","support":10782604.42,"oppose":0,"events":67}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_C001113_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,786,641 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS VICTORY FU","explanation":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS VICTORY FUND spent $1,786,641 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS VICTORY FUND","support":1786641.0499999998,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_C001113_ufw19a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$538,530 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from For Our Future","explanation":"For Our Future spent $538,530 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 92 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00620971","name":"For Our Future","support":538529.7899999999,"oppose":0,"events":92}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620971/"]},{"id":"P6_C001113_d0l5nk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$368,053 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SIERRA CLUB","explanation":"SIERRA CLUB spent $368,053 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90011875","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":368052.98,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011875/"]},{"id":"P6_C001113_uvpq2l","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$317,404 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NextGen Climate Action Committee","explanation":"NextGen Climate Action Committee spent $317,404 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00547349","name":"NextGen Climate Action Committee","support":317404.13,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547349/"]},{"id":"P6_C001113_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$300,129 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SEIU COPE (Service Employees Internation","explanation":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) spent $300,129 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":300129.33,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P6_C001113_uu4wxt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$261,550 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from End Citizens United","explanation":"End Citizens United spent $261,550 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00573261","name":"End Citizens United","support":261550,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573261/"]},{"id":"P7_C001113_isj1dk","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $38,642,170 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $38,642,170 opposing this member across 821 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":38642170.02,"totalSupport":15228317.15,"events":821,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":13549618.45},{"name":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","oppose":8393156.29},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":7471290.43},{"name":"National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action","oppose":3196440.610000001},{"name":"Americas PAC","oppose":1675978}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001113_jh3ayf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$47,405 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $47,405 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: OPEIU.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":47405,"oppose":0,"net":47405,"events":14,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004650","name":"OPEIU","support":18300.37,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":12089.89,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":9232.87,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":5907.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1519.8600000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001113_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"264446 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $21,157,208 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 264446× NOT EMPLOYED = $21,157,208; 33412× SELF EMPLOYED = $4,777,421. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":264446,"total":21157208,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":33412,"total":4777421,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001113_hr6585","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$171,371 donation spike on 2022-12-31 — 22.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-12-31 this committee recorded $171,371 across 186 contributions — 22.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,532.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575548","date":"2022-12-31","amount":171371,"count":186,"baseline":7532,"ratio":22.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575548/"]},{"id":"P15_C001113_2k309j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$161,917 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $161,917 across 121 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,522.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575548","date":"2015-06-30","amount":161917,"count":121,"baseline":18522,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575548/"]},{"id":"P15_C001113_wg4833","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,311 donation spike on 2021-02-17 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-02-17 this committee recorded $64,311 across 270 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,822.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575548","date":"2021-02-17","amount":64311,"count":270,"baseline":8822,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575548/"]},{"id":"P29_C001113_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NV D delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CORTEZ MASTO, Catherine Marie voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001113","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_C001113","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_C001113","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $171,371 on 2022-12-31 (22.8× normal)","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $171,371 on 2022-12-31 — 22.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":171371,"maxRatio":22.8,"maxAmount":171371},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-12-31","amount":171371,"ratio":22.8,"baselineDaily":7532,"count":186,"cmteId":"C00575548","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575548&min_date=2022-12-31&max_date=2022-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575548/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575548&min_date=2022-12-31&max_date=2022-12-31"]},{"id":"P70_C001113","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 3 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Board Member) at UNLV Boyd School of Law Dean's Advisory Counc","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2018) lists 3 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Board Member) at UNLV Boyd School of Law Dean's Advisory Council Las Veg (Educational Organization); Other (Board Member) at Children's Advocacy Alliance Las Vegas, Nevada (Nonprofit Organization); Other (Board Member) at Girl Scouts of Southern Nevada Las Vegas, Nevada (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":3,"year":"2018","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2015 to present","role":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"UNLV Boyd School of Law Dean's Advisory Council Las Vegas, Nevada","entityType":"Educational Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2015 to present","role":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"Children's Advocacy Alliance Las Vegas, Nevada","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Apr 2015 to present","role":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"Girl Scouts of Southern Nevada Las Vegas, Nevada","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11b2faf0-e07d-4c88-9a44-32ee47f7ad99/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/11b2faf0-e07d-4c88-9a44-32ee47f7ad99/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001113","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (7); daily donation spike (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":7},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001113","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_C001113","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($5.2M total receipts) — top: CORTEZ MASTO VICTORY 2022","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $5.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CORTEZ MASTO VICTORY 2022 (C00784579, $3.3M receipts, treasurer LEE, LAUREN DECOT). Active years: 2, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":5.19,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00784579","name":"CORTEZ MASTO VICTORY 2022","receipts":3329382.05,"treasurer":"LEE, LAUREN DECOT","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784579/"},{"committeeId":"C00583104","name":"CORTEZ MASTO VICTORY FUND","receipts":1865235.08,"treasurer":"STEVEN MELE","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00583104/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784579/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00784579/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_C001113","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto's PFD net worth grew 2.2× in 9 years — 2016 $2.02M → 2025 $4.36M (CAGR 9.0%)","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $2.02M in 2016 to $4.36M in 2025 — a 2.2× increase over 9 years (compound annual growth rate: 9.0%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 9-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2016","earliestNetWorthM":2.02,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":4.36,"growthFactor":2.16,"yearsCovered":9,"cagrPct":8.95,"filingCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6c30c6c1-16c7-4c7d-a324-a863ef299864/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6c30c6c1-16c7-4c7d-a324-a863ef299864/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_C001113","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $184M across 9 cycles","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's FEC-bulk record shows $184.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 9 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":184.49,"cycleCount":9,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6NV00200"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NV00200/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P145_C001113_2025","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: Town & Country Bank","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: Town & Country Bank (Las Vegas, Nevada) Type: Certificate of Deposit, Checking, Savings ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"Town & Country Bank (Las Vegas, Nevada) Type: Certificate of Deposit, Checking, Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P148_C001113","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P157_C001113","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 647 sponsored, 2,221 cosponsored","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's congress.gov record shows 647 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":647,"cosponsoredCount":2221,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/catherine-cortez-masto/C001113","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_C001113_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 15 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 15 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":15,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_C001113_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $4.4M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $4.4M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":4363006.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_C001113_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: First Tactical LLC Modesto, (Commissions)","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Commissions from First Tactical LLC Modesto, (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Commissions","payer":"First Tactical LLC Modesto, California","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a8706c27-3a15-492e-8d3b-86a35d631ce0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ecd06831-656a-4e2e-b673-380541d173c0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a8706c27-3a15-492e-8d3b-86a35d631ce0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NV_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NV delegation: Catherine Cortez Masto & Jacky Rosen both flagged on 11 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NV — Catherine Cortez Masto and Jacky Rosen — are flagged on the same 11 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P14, P15, P29, P36, P61.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NV","juniorSenatorBid":"R000608","juniorSenatorName":"Jacky Rosen","sharedDetectorCount":11,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P14","P15","P29","P36","P61","P70","P109","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001113","https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000608"]},{"id":"P199_C001113","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Catherine Cortez Masto — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($92.2M)","explanation":"Catherine Cortez Masto is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $92.2M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":92243731,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NV00200/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S000148":[{"id":"P6_S000148_thodts","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$500,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PA LAWYER FUND","explanation":"PA LAWYER FUND spent $500,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00827659","name":"PA LAWYER FUND","support":500000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00827659/"]},{"id":"P9_S000148_qo70vx","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$113,591 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $113,591 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":113591.08,"oppose":0,"net":113591.08,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":77733.92,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":20216.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":15626,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":14.4,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006051","name":"NEW YORK STATE AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S000148_wtwel3","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $11,348,787 / spent $11,230,337","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00348607","cmteName":"IMPACT","year":"2010","totalReceipts":603487.7,"totalDisbursements":527910.2,"cashOnHand":94941.99},{"cmteId":"C00348607","cmteName":"IMPACT","year":"2012","totalReceipts":953704,"totalDisbursements":991793.4,"cashOnHand":56852.66},{"cmteId":"C00348607","cmteName":"IMPACT","year":"2014","totalReceipts":1056282.2,"totalDisbursements":1028380.4,"cashOnHand":84754.44},{"cmteId":"C00348607","cmteName":"IMPACT","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1484152.8,"totalDisbursements":1200527.3,"cashOnHand":368379.94},{"cmteId":"C00348607","cmteName":"IMPACT","year":"2018","totalReceipts":1638395.5,"totalDisbursements":1896562,"cashOnHand":110213.55}],"totalRaised":11348786.9,"totalSpent":11230336.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S000148_izocpr","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"83% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $742,448 in itemized individual contributions, $618,200 (83%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":742448,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":2325,"$500-$999":22675,"$1000-$1999":99248,"$2000 and over":618200},"megaShare":83.3,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S000148_ubjvf0","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer campaign paid $1,218,014 to 2 surname-matched vendors, top: SCHUMER '98","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's campaign paid 31 disbursements totaling $1,218,014 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHUMER '98","total":883014,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHUMER '98","amount":125000,"date":"1998-10-19","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"schumer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998},{"payee":"SCHUMER '98","amount":100000,"date":"1998-10-20","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"schumer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998},{"payee":"SCHUMER '98","amount":75000,"date":"1998-10-12","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"schumer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHUMER MAJORITY COMMITTEE","total":335000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHUMER MAJORITY COMMITTEE","amount":25000,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schumer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SCHUMER MAJORITY COMMITTEE","amount":25000,"date":"2024-06-27","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schumer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SCHUMER MAJORITY COMMITTEE","amount":25000,"date":"2024-06-23","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schumer","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCHUMER%20'98"]},{"id":"P25_S000148_Finance","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"52% of PAC dollars ($226,186) come from Finance industry","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Finance issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Finance","amount":226186.26999999996,"share":52.4,"totalPAC":431246.91,"pacCount":32},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":226186.26999999996,"share":52.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":62800,"share":14.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":44000,"share":10.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":24645.76,"share":5.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S000148_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHUMER, Charles Ellis (Chuck) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S000148","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 7 total findings","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":7,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_S000148_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $10,085.11","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $10,085.11 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 1388.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":10085.11,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P58_S000148","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 68% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer received $113,591.08 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($77,733.92 = 68%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":113591.08,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":117911.08,"2022":23619.31},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":77733.92,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":20216.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004171/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":15626,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":14.4,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006051","name":"NEW YORK STATE AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006051/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_S000148","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,085.11","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer received campaign contributions totaling $90,085.11 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($10,085.11); L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES ($10,000); FIRST SOLAR, INC. ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HEALTH UNDERWRITERS-RI CHA ($5,000); DELAWARE NORTH COMPANIES, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":90085.11,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":10085.11,"exact":true},{"donorName":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FIRST SOLAR INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"FIRST SOLAR, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HEALTH UNDERWRITERS PAC (HUPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HEALTH UNDERWRITERS-RI CHAPTER","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DELAWARE NORTH COMPANIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"DELAWARE NORTH COMPANIES, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_S000148","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 11 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 11 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":11,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S000148","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P81_S000148_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer discloses 2 private-company / restricted stock positions — NEH 3 LLC Company: NEH 3 LLC (Brooklyn, NY) Description: Writer Filer comment: E…","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 2 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 2 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: NEH 3 LLC Company: NEH 3 LLC (Brooklyn, NY) Description: Wri · NEH 3 LLC Company: NEH 3 LLC (Brooklyn, NY) Description: Wri.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":2,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"NEH 3 LLC Company: NEH 3 LLC (Brooklyn, NY) Description: Writer Filer comment: Entity established to receive income from book pursuant to ag","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"NEH 3 LLC Company: NEH 3 LLC (Brooklyn, NY) Description: Writer Filer comment: Entity established to receive income from book pursuant to ag","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P84_S000148_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer discloses 3 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: QREARX - TIAA Real Estate Account · QREARX - TIAA Real Estate Account · QREARX - TIAA Real Estate Account.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":3,"properties":[{"name":"QREARX - TIAA Real Estate Account","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"QREARX - TIAA Real Estate Account","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"QREARX - TIAA Real Estate Account","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_S000148_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's 2025 PFD: 51 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (93% of 55 reported assets)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 51 reported holdings owned by Spouse (48), Joint (3), or Dependent (0) — 93% of 55 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Congressional Federal Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Certificate of Deposit · Spouse: Municipal Credit Union (New York, NY) Type: Checking, Savings · Spouse: Teachers Retirement System Deferred Compensation Company: Craig James Financial  · Spouse: New York State Voluntary Defined Contribution Program.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":48,"Joint":3,"Dependent":0,"Self":3},"totalAssets":55,"familyShare":0.927,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Congressional Federal Credit Union (Washington, DC) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Municipal Credit Union (New York, NY) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Teachers Retirement System Deferred Compensation Company: Craig James Financial ","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"New York State Voluntary Defined Contribution Program","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"TIAA Traditional Provider: TIAA-CREF","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_S000148","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 87 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Charles “Chuck” Schumer has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 87 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (87d late, filed 08/10/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":87,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/10/2020","daysLate":87,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36b8bc87-5fb2-4bee-a65d-242523577223/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/36b8bc87-5fb2-4bee-a65d-242523577223/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P96_S000148_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Citibank New York,","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 4.125% (30 years) from Citibank New York,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.125% (30 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Citibank New York, NY","incurred":"2017"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_S000148","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($4.5M total receipts) — top: SCHUMER COMMITTEE FOR THE MAJORITY","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $4.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: SCHUMER COMMITTEE FOR THE MAJORITY (C00620013, $2.6M receipts, treasurer BAROODY, YATES). Active years: 1, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":4.5,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00620013","name":"SCHUMER COMMITTEE FOR THE MAJORITY","receipts":2640960,"treasurer":"BAROODY, YATES","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620013/"},{"committeeId":"C00878116","name":"SCHUMER MAJORITY COMMITTEE","receipts":1862995,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00878116/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620013/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00620013/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_S000148","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's PFD net worth grew 3.2× in 11 years — 2014 $0.58M → 2025 $1.83M (CAGR 11.0%)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.58M in 2014 to $1.83M in 2025 — a 3.2× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 11.0%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":0.58,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":1.83,"growthFactor":3.16,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":11.01,"filingCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8af73a83-2f9d-48e0-884a-db9b47e92da4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8af73a83-2f9d-48e0-884a-db9b47e92da4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_S000148","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $28.9M across 21 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's FEC-bulk record shows $28.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 21 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $270.4M (PAC: $28.9M, individual: $210.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":28.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":270.36,"lifetimeIndividualM":210.83,"cycleCount":21,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S8NY00082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NY00082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_S000148","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $270M across 21 cycles","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's FEC-bulk record shows $270.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 21 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":270.36,"cycleCount":21,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8NY00082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NY00082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_S000148","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's PAC funding concentrates 43% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's PAC donors concentrate 43% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Finance $0.03M · Legal $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":43.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Finance":0.03,"Legal":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Transportation":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NY00082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P151_S000148","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer operates leadership PAC with $11.3M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: IMPACT","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $11.3M and disbursements of $11.2M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: IMPACT (C00348607). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":11.35,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":11.23,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00348607","cmteName":"IMPACT"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00348607/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_S000148","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's leadership PAC disbursed $11.2M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's leadership PAC disbursed $11.2M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: IMPACT (C00348607).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":11.23,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00348607","cmteName":"IMPACT"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00348607/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_S000148","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 2,437 sponsored, 8,066 cosponsored","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's congress.gov record shows 2,437 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":2437,"cosponsoredCount":8066,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-e.-schumer/S000148","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_S000148","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 8,066 cosponsored, 2,437 sponsored","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's congress.gov record shows 8,066 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":8066,"sponsoredCount":2437,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-e.-schumer/S000148","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_S000148_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 54 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 54 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":54,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bba80a2f-2cff-4c01-a60e-416b8b44c8cd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NY_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NY delegation: Charles “Chuck” Schumer & Kirsten Gillibrand both flagged on 14 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NY — Charles “Chuck” Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P9, P10, P19, P25, P29, P36, P51, P58.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NY","juniorSenatorBid":"G000555","juniorSenatorName":"Kirsten Gillibrand","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P9","P10","P19","P25","P29","P36","P51","P58","P61","P109","P110","P148","P151","P153"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000148","https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000555"]},{"id":"P181_S000148","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer — 305 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer sponsored 305 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":305}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_S000148","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($135.2M)","explanation":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $135.2M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":135178491,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NY00082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001076":[{"id":"P6_H001076_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,993,174 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Majority PAC","explanation":"Senate Majority PAC spent $3,993,174 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"Senate Majority PAC","support":3993173.6199999996,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P6_H001076_x910xk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,638,013 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DSCC","explanation":"DSCC spent $1,638,013 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00042366","name":"DSCC","support":1638013.04,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00042366/"]},{"id":"P6_H001076_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,259,134 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $1,259,134 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1259133.78,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_H001076_uwvt1a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$428,053 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from United We Can","explanation":"United We Can spent $428,053 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00523621","name":"United We Can","support":428053.43,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00523621/"]},{"id":"P6_H001076_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$368,422 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Family Friendly Action PAC","explanation":"Family Friendly Action PAC spent $368,422 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"Family Friendly Action PAC","support":368422,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P6_H001076_thodts","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$350,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PA LAWYER FUND","explanation":"PA LAWYER FUND spent $350,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00827659","name":"PA LAWYER FUND","support":350000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00827659/"]},{"id":"P7_H001076_iws72d","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $43,594,795 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $43,594,795 opposing this member across 916 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":43594794.50999999,"totalSupport":8865498.079999983,"events":916,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Granite State Solutions","oppose":20975397.01},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":9731848.73},{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":6801311.24},{"name":"The Sentinel Action Fund","oppose":1538192.87},{"name":"RESTORATION PAC","oppose":1134838}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001076_wy21tj","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$24,459 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $24,459 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":24459.11,"oppose":0,"net":24459.11,"events":52,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":7016.55,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":6728.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":6234.93,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":4479.51,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001076_c0azy1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,451,726 / spent $3,318,768","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00629311","cmteName":"GRANITE VALUES PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":73113.7,"totalDisbursements":11554.7,"cashOnHand":61559.03},{"cmteId":"C00629311","cmteName":"GRANITE VALUES PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":580701.4,"totalDisbursements":620779.6,"cashOnHand":21480.9},{"cmteId":"C00629311","cmteName":"GRANITE VALUES PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":631844.7,"totalDisbursements":609477.5,"cashOnHand":43848.09},{"cmteId":"C00629311","cmteName":"GRANITE VALUES PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":711270,"totalDisbursements":633558.1,"cashOnHand":121560},{"cmteId":"C00629311","cmteName":"GRANITE VALUES PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":835880.1,"totalDisbursements":848208.4,"cashOnHand":109231.62}],"totalRaised":3451725.9,"totalSpent":3318767.5999999996}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001076_kcmntl","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -6%)","explanation":"Of $481,523 in itemized individual contributions, $443,448 (92%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":481523,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-27200,"$200.01-$499":2525,"$500-$999":7750,"$1000-$1999":55000,"$2000 and over":443448},"megaShare":92.1,"smallDonorShare":-5.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001076_a1l9sr","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan campaign paid $10,629,081 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's campaign paid 114 disbursements totaling $10,629,081 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","total":3963518.06,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":2447783.22,"date":"2025-12-23","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":657439.78,"date":"2025-06-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":608295.06,"date":"2025-09-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","total":2610037.5500000007,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":278096.08,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":267912.93,"date":"2025-12-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":187000,"date":"2025-12-23","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","total":1091907.5,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":202498.53,"date":"2019-05-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING & TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":140460,"date":"2020-03-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":109898.27,"date":"2019-07-18","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","total":856990.74,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":158499.1,"date":"2013-12-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC INCOME","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":148116.18,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"TRANSFER TO AFFILIATED COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":123118.95,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","total":658245.26,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":203245.26,"date":"2016-08-05","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":60000,"date":"2016-01-13","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":60000,"date":"2015-12-23","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","total":484234.84,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","amount":100135.58,"date":"2010-11-15","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","amount":93062,"date":"2009-11-24","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & LESHANE","amount":76161.96,"date":"2010-06-17","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SULLIVAN%20%26%20CROMWELL%20LLP"]},{"id":"P35_H001076_d0pn4w","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AMERICANS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL both supported ($18,141) and opposed ($179,340) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Margaret “Maggie” Hassan advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C90018904","name":"AMERICANS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL","support":18140.78,"oppose":179340.02000000005,"events":80}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018904/"]},{"id":"P36_H001076","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_H001076","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $75,000","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan received campaign contributions totaling $75,000 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REAL ESTATE ROUNDTABLE ($15,000); GREENBERG TRAURIG LLP ($5,000); DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC. ($5,000); KIDNEY CARE COUNCIL ($5,000); AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":75000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE REAL ESTATE ROUNDTABLE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (REALPAC)","ldaClient":"REAL ESTATE ROUNDTABLE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GREENBERG TRAURIG, P.A. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GREENBERG TRAURIG LLP","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"DELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KIDNEY CARE PARTNERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"KIDNEY CARE COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P74_H001076_2019","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 29 new ticker holdings in 2019 not present in prior PFD filings — including FDRXX, AMLP, PSP, SLVP, IXC, IYE","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 29 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FDRXX, AMLP, PSP, SLVP, IXC, IYE, TIP, JNK, YYY, DBC, AWF, FSK.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2019,"count":29,"newTickers":["FDRXX","AMLP","PSP","SLVP","IXC","IYE","TIP","JNK","YYY","DBC","AWF","FSK"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3d9e90bc-1b53-4f9f-86da-75359faf88dc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3d9e90bc-1b53-4f9f-86da-75359faf88dc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001076","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 15 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 15 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (6); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":15,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":6},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001076","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 8 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including AMLP, SLVP, IYE, FHLC, RING, XLV","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: AMLP, SLVP, IYE, FHLC, RING, XLV, IYF, VNQ.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":8,"divestedTickers":["AMLP","SLVP","IYE","FHLC","RING","XLV","IYF","VNQ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_H001076_2017","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan filed 2 amendments to the 2017 Senate annual disclosure — 3 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2017 report alone, with 3 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2017,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":3,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 1)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/30ab418d-c85d-428c-bb35-dd9f266b6097/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/865379e5-00ed-4300-a6db-7ae4b53efcc8/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/30ab418d-c85d-428c-bb35-dd9f266b6097/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/865379e5-00ed-4300-a6db-7ae4b53efcc8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan discloses 11 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 11 unascertainable, 11% of 100 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 11 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 11 unascertainable) across 100 total reported assets — 11% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Citizens Bank IRA CD (--) · Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in  (--) · Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in  (--) · Fidelity - Rollover IRA Filer comment: Account transferred from Charles Schwab (--) · Fidelity - Rollover IRA Filer comment: Account transferred from Charles Schwab (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":11,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":11,"totalAssets":100,"opaqueRatio":0.11,"samples":[{"asset":"Citizens Bank IRA CD","value":"--"},{"asset":"Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in ","value":"--"},{"asset":"Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in ","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity - Rollover IRA Filer comment: Account transferred from Charles Schwab","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity - Rollover IRA Filer comment: Account transferred from Charles Schwab","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan discloses 6 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 6 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: · Onadune Description: Vacation/Rental Property (Little Compto · Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: · Onadune Description: Vacation/Rental Property (Little Compto.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":6,"properties":[{"name":"Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in RI","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Onadune Description: Vacation/Rental Property (Little Compton, RI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in RI","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Onadune Description: Vacation/Rental Property (Little Compton, RI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"VNQI - Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"VNQI - Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan discloses 2 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: PSP - Invesco Global Listed Private Equity ETF · PSP - Invesco Global Listed Private Equity ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"PSP - Invesco Global Listed Private Equity ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"PSP - Invesco Global Listed Private Equity ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 PFD: 69 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (68% of 101 reported assets)","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 69 reported holdings owned by Spouse (46), Joint (23), or Dependent (0) — 68% of 101 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: BankProv (Amesbury, MA) Type: Checking · Spouse: Northwestern Mutual Whole Life Policy Provider: Northwestern Mutual · Spouse: Northwestern Mutual Adjustable Comp Life Provider: Northwestern Mutual · Spouse: Northwestern Mutual Adjustable Comp Life Provider: Northwestern Mutual.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":46,"Joint":23,"Dependent":0,"Self":31},"totalAssets":101,"familyShare":0.683,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"BankProv (Amesbury, MA) Type: Checking","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Northwestern Mutual Whole Life Policy Provider: Northwestern Mutual","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Northwestern Mutual Adjustable Comp Life Provider: Northwestern Mutual","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Northwestern Mutual Adjustable Comp Life Provider: Northwestern Mutual","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Citizens Bank (Medford, MA) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_H001076","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's campaign paid $32,950 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: HASSAN, MOHAMED A MR. ($12,500)","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $32,950 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HASSAN, MOHAMED A MR. ($12,500 across 1 payments, services: ). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":32950,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HASSAN, MOHAMED A MR.","total":12500,"count":1,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"MUHAMMAD, HASSAN MR.","total":10450,"count":1,"descriptions":["ELECTION DAY COORDINATOR"]},{"payee":"MARTINI, HASSAN","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONSULTANT - MANAGEMENT"]}],"surname":"hassan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S6NH00091&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan (New Hampshire) discloses 4 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Massachusetts (2)","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan represents New Hampshire but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than New Hampshire (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Massachusetts: 2 · Rhode Island: 2. Sample: Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in  (Massachusetts) · Onadune Description: Vacation/Rental Property (Little Compton, RI) (Rhode Island) · Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in  (Massachusetts).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"New Hampshire","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":4,"byState":{"MA":2,"RI":2},"samples":[{"name":"Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"MA"},{"name":"Onadune Description: Vacation/Rental Property (Little Compton, RI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"RI"},{"name":"Onadune, LLC Company: Onadune, LLC (Boston, MA) Description: Shared ownership of rental property in ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"MA"},{"name":"Onadune Description: Vacation/Rental Property (Little Compton, RI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$15,001 - $50,000","state":"RI"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_H001076","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($6.0M total receipts) — top: MAGGIE HASSAN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $6.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MAGGIE HASSAN VICTORY FUND (C00762963, $3.7M receipts, treasurer NISSEN, MELISSA). Active years: 3, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":6,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00762963","name":"MAGGIE HASSAN VICTORY FUND","receipts":3675193.86,"treasurer":"NISSEN, MELISSA","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00762963/"},{"committeeId":"C00591362","name":"MAGGIE HASSAN VICTORY FUND","receipts":2328800.67,"treasurer":"EVANS, DIANE","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00591362/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00762963/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00762963/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_H001076","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $132M across 9 cycles","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's FEC-bulk record shows $131.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 9 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":131.63,"cycleCount":9,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6NH00091"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NH00091/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_H001076","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's PAC funding concentrates 57% in Technology ($0.08M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's PAC donors concentrate 57% in the Technology industry — $0.08M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.08M · Real Estate $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Finance $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":57.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.08,"Real Estate":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NH00091/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_H001076","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":22}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 PFD shows 7 broad-market index funds (21% of 34 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 of 34 ticker holdings (21%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: EEM, VTV, VTI, BND, VEA, VWO, VUG.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":7,"totalTickers":34,"ratio":0.21,"broadTickers":["EEM","VTV","VTI","BND","VEA","VWO","VUG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P161_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VTTVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"VTTVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 100 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 100 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":100,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NH_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NH delegation: Margaret “Maggie” Hassan & Jeanne Shaheen both flagged on 14 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NH — Margaret “Maggie” Hassan and Jeanne Shaheen — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P11, P19, P35, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NH","otherSenatorBid":"S001181","otherSenatorName":"Jeanne Shaheen","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P19","P35","P36","P61","P79","P82","P84","P87","P91"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001076","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001181"]},{"id":"P193_H001076_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan — 72 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan's 2025 Senate PFD shows 72 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":72,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd671ffe-fc9d-439f-a595-552e781de3fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_H001076","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($65.8M)","explanation":"Margaret “Maggie” Hassan is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $65.8M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":65814257,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NH00091/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"F000469":[{"id":"P6_F000469_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$512,302 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $512,302 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":512302.05,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P19_F000469_ry59m7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Russ Fulcher campaign paid $83,431,179 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","explanation":"Russ Fulcher's campaign paid 135 disbursements totaling $83,431,179 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1791414.8,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1741797,"date":"2016-08-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1570367.35,"date":"2012-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1522556.55,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1469963.4,"date":"2012-10-12","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1355505,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1490194.8,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1416324.9,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":658604.36,"date":"2013-06-03","description":"MEDIA TV BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":3271839.4,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":732000,"date":"2023-12-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":710000,"date":"2025-04-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":645000,"date":"2024-03-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":2000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":2000000,"date":"2016-10-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SHORR%20JOHNSON%20MAGNUS"]},{"id":"P61_F000469","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $92,000","explanation":"Russ Fulcher received campaign contributions totaling $92,000 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($7,500); NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION ($7,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":92000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC)","ldaClient":"NCTA - THE INTERNET AND TELEVISION ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_F000469","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Russ Fulcher's campaign paid $271,170 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: FULCHER, MEGHAN ($142,000)","explanation":"Russ Fulcher's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 44 payments totaling $271,170 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FULCHER, MEGHAN ($142,000 across 25 payments, services: SALARY · WAGES). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":271170.35,"paymentCount":44,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FULCHER, MEGHAN","total":142000,"count":25,"descriptions":["SALARY","WAGES"]},{"payee":"FULCHER, JENNIFER","total":73000,"count":11,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE","SALARY DEC/JAN","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES"]},{"payee":"FULCHER, JEN","total":56170.350000000006,"count":8,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"fulcher"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8ID01124&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_F000469","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Russ Fulcher draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.0M PAC / $6.4M total)","explanation":"Russ Fulcher's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.0M of $6.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.97,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.44,"pacSharePct":46.1,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8ID01124"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8ID01124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001298":[{"id":"P6_B001298_vaise1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,126,692 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ESAFund","explanation":"ESAFund spent $2,126,692 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489856","name":"ESAFund","support":2126692,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489856/"]},{"id":"P6_B001298_tirft9","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,009,768 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BIG RED LEADERSHIP PAC","explanation":"BIG RED LEADERSHIP PAC spent $2,009,768 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00808121","name":"BIG RED LEADERSHIP PAC","support":2009768,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00808121/"]},{"id":"P6_B001298_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,270,856 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $1,270,856 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":1270856.01,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P6_B001298_th8grf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$870,346 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC. spent $870,346 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00831404","name":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","support":870345.9,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831404/"]},{"id":"P6_B001298_tx1xa1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$786,522 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from POLICE COALITION OF AMERICA DBA POLICE A","explanation":"POLICE COALITION OF AMERICA DBA POLICE ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION spent $786,522 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 485 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00758938","name":"POLICE COALITION OF AMERICA DBA POLICE ASSISTANCE FOUNDATION","support":786522.480000001,"oppose":0,"events":485}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00758938/"]},{"id":"P7_B001298_otpn94","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $21,221,468 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $21,221,468 opposing this member across 1824 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":21221467.870000005,"totalSupport":8397148.209999997,"events":1824,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DCCC","oppose":9012889.34},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":8766521.1},{"name":"Giffords PAC","oppose":941846.42},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":573911.5800000001},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":562872.15}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B001298_v9gf3y","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$301,534 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 4 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $301,534 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":301534.13,"events":4,"byYear":{"2022":200000,"2024":101534.13},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":200000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30003511","name":"ASSOCIATION OF EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS (AEM)","total":101534.13,"events":3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001298_aau2k3","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,699 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $98,699 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":98698.73,"oppose":0,"net":98698.73,"events":31,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":95598.06999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3100.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006184","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION OF J/M & APPR. OF PLUMBING & P/F INDUSTRY","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001298_erdtla","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,062,123 / spent $1,054,909","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00647420","cmteName":"BOLD ACTIVE CONSERVATIVES OF NEBRASKA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":97206,"totalDisbursements":95710,"cashOnHand":1495.96},{"cmteId":"C00647420","cmteName":"BOLD ACTIVE CONSERVATIVES OF NEBRASKA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":192559.7,"totalDisbursements":165286.4,"cashOnHand":28769.23},{"cmteId":"C00647420","cmteName":"BOLD ACTIVE CONSERVATIVES OF NEBRASKA PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":258267.9,"totalDisbursements":264077.9,"cashOnHand":22959.2},{"cmteId":"C00647420","cmteName":"BOLD ACTIVE CONSERVATIVES OF NEBRASKA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":420756.1,"totalDisbursements":433013.2,"cashOnHand":10702.14},{"cmteId":"C00647420","cmteName":"BOLD ACTIVE CONSERVATIVES OF NEBRASKA PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":93333.3,"totalDisbursements":96821.8,"cashOnHand":7213.73}],"totalRaised":1062123,"totalSpent":1054909.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001298_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4756 employees of RETIRED gave $1,858,282 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4756× RETIRED = $1,858,282. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":4756,"total":1858282,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001298_kyqfl3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$305,633 donation spike on 2021-12-02 — 24.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-02 this committee recorded $305,633 across 203 contributions — 24.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,571.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2021-12-02","amount":305633,"count":203,"baseline":12571,"ratio":24.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_8mrjvt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$140,228 donation spike on 2025-08-29 — 18.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-29 this committee recorded $140,228 across 57 contributions — 18.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,533.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2025-08-29","amount":140228,"count":57,"baseline":7533,"ratio":18.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_8mocyt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,247 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $92,247 across 36 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,101.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2025-03-31","amount":92247,"count":36,"baseline":9101,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_61mqd7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,042 donation spike on 2024-08-15 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-15 this committee recorded $67,042 across 58 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,572.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2024-08-15","amount":67042,"count":58,"baseline":8572,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_61pxbm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,356 donation spike on 2024-03-08 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-08 this committee recorded $65,356 across 66 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,082.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2024-03-08","amount":65356,"count":66,"baseline":6082,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_kq2aip","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,040 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $65,040 across 31 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,383.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2023-06-30","amount":65040,"count":31,"baseline":6383,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_kq47h9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,753 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $62,753 across 34 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,648.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2023-03-31","amount":62753,"count":34,"baseline":5648,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_kq0dk4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,498 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $55,498 across 34 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,930.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2023-09-30","amount":55498,"count":34,"baseline":5930,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_zeihpa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,368 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $55,368 across 60 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,334.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2022-03-31","amount":55368,"count":60,"baseline":5334,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P15_B001298_61onbt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,940 donation spike on 2024-05-14 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-14 this committee recorded $53,940 across 51 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,911.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575167","date":"2024-05-14","amount":53940,"count":51,"baseline":7911,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/"]},{"id":"P19_B001298_epja7l","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Don Bacon campaign paid $2,806,953 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","explanation":"Don Bacon's campaign paid 109 disbursements totaling $2,806,953 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BACON, LOUIS","total":117100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BACON, LOUIS","amount":117100,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"bacon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","total":115347.09000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":36406.63,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2008-04-10","description":"GENERIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":26018.33,"date":"2025-08-06","description":"POLITICAL FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BACON MULTIVISION","total":33565,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BACON MULTIVISION","amount":33565,"date":"2007-02-01","description":"RESEARCH MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"bacon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","total":30000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","amount":30000,"date":"2024-12-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUCKABY%20DAVIS%20LISKER"]},{"id":"P25_B001298_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"59% of PAC dollars ($671,762) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Don Bacon receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":671762.1699999998,"share":58.6,"totalPAC":1147055.7599999998,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":671762.1699999998,"share":58.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":146463.76,"share":12.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":128029.82999999999,"share":11.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":33200,"share":2.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001298","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 22 total findings","explanation":"Don Bacon has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":22,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_B001298_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Don Bacon sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF TH...","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20TH..."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20TH..."]},{"id":"P47_B001298_National_Cattlemen_s_Beef_Asso_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Don Bacon sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. Todd Wilkinson (National Cattlemen's Beef Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Todd Wilkinson","witnessOrg":"National Cattlemen's Beef Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION (NCBA-PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOCIATION%20(NCBA-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20CATTLEMEN'S%20BEEF%20ASSOCIATION%20(NCBA-PAC)"]},{"id":"P51_B001298_REPUBLICAN_NATIONAL_COMMITTEE","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE $22.7M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Don Bacon's campaign committee paid $22,679,406 to REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 4535.9× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE","total":22679406,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20NATIONAL%20COMMITTEE"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE (NRCC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20REPUBLICAN%20CONGRESSIONAL%20COMMITTEE%20(NRCC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20NATIONAL%20COMMITTEE","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20REPUBLICAN%20CONGRESSIONAL%20COMMITTEE%20(NRCC)"]},{"id":"P57_B001298","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$302K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 66% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Don Bacon was the target of $301,534.13 in electioneering communications across 4 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($200,000 = 66% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":301534.13,"events":4,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2022":200000,"2024":101534.13}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":200000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30003511","name":"ASSOCIATION OF EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS (AEM)","total":101534.13,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30003511/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_B001298","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$99K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 97% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Don Bacon received $98,698.73 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($95,598.07 = 97%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":98698.73,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2016":2102.66,"2018":127.45,"2020":28107.399999999998,"2022":39629.92,"2024":48999.73},"corpCount":4},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":95598.06999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3100.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006184","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION OF J/M & APPR. OF PLUMBING & P/F INDUSTRY","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006184/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_B001298","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hits 3 different outside-money channels (7 total findings) — ie support concentration (5), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1)","explanation":"Don Bacon triggers patterns in 3 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 7 total findings across them: ie support concentration (5), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":3,"totalHits":7,"channels":[{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":5},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_B001298","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $140,000","explanation":"Don Bacon received campaign contributions totaling $140,000 from 23 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 23 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":23,"totalDollars":140000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS  (BUILD-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001298","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $305,633 on 2021-12-02 (24.3× normal)","explanation":"Don Bacon's campaign committee received 7 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $305,633 on 2021-12-02 — 24.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":7,"totalSpikeDollars":786625,"maxRatio":24.3,"maxAmount":305633},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-12-02","amount":305633,"ratio":24.3,"baselineDaily":12571,"count":203,"cmteId":"C00575167","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575167&min_date=2021-12-02&max_date=2021-12-02"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-08-29","amount":140228,"ratio":18.6,"baselineDaily":7533,"count":57,"cmteId":"C00575167","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575167&min_date=2025-08-29&max_date=2025-08-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-31","amount":92247,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":9101,"count":36,"cmteId":"C00575167","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575167&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-08","amount":65356,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":6082,"count":66,"cmteId":"C00575167","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575167&min_date=2024-03-08&max_date=2024-03-08"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-30","amount":65040,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":6383,"count":31,"cmteId":"C00575167","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575167&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575167/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575167&min_date=2021-12-02&max_date=2021-12-02"]},{"id":"P78_B001298","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Don Bacon appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (10); ie support concentration (5); hearing witness donor (2); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":10},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001298","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_B001298","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Bacon's campaign paid $80,337 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: BACON MULTIVISION ($33,565)","explanation":"Don Bacon's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $80,337 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BACON MULTIVISION ($33,565 across 1 payments, services: RESEARCH MATERIALS). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":80337.16,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BACON MULTIVISION","total":33565,"count":1,"descriptions":["RESEARCH MATERIALS"]},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR KEVIN BACON","total":21532.34,"count":2,"descriptions":["POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION TO NON FEDERAL CANDIDATE"]},{"payee":"BACON, SARAH","total":13760.6,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"BACON'S INFORMATION","total":11479.22,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONVENTION MERCHANDISE"]}],"surname":"bacon"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6NE02125&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_B001298","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Bacon named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: BACON VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Don Bacon appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BACON VICTORY FUND (C00654426, $1.2M receipts, treasurer LISKER, LISA). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.22,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00654426","name":"BACON VICTORY FUND","receipts":1219401.43,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654426/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654426/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00654426/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_B001298","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Bacon draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.1M PAC / $39.5M total)","explanation":"Don Bacon's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.1M of $39.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":39.52,"pacSharePct":38.3,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6NE02125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NE02125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_B001298","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Don Bacon's PAC funding concentrates 71% in Finance ($0.13M / $0.19M classified)","explanation":"Don Bacon's PAC donors concentrate 71% in the Finance industry — $0.13M of $0.19M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.13M · Agriculture $0.02M · Telecom $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.13,"totalPacAmountM":0.19,"concentrationPct":70.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.13,"Agriculture":0.02,"Telecom":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NE02125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_B001298","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Bacon triggers 14 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Don Bacon accumulates 14 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":14,"distinctDetectorTypes":22}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"B001305":[{"id":"P6_B001305_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$9,421,557 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $9,421,557 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 130 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":9421557.030000001,"oppose":0,"events":130}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$7,433,809 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $7,433,809 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 104 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":7433809.270000004,"oppose":0,"events":104}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_tx76zo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,527,085 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC. spent $1,527,085 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00750182","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","support":1527085.49,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750182/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_uvrk0q","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$843,993 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Committee To Defeat The President","explanation":"The Committee To Defeat The President spent $843,993 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00544767","name":"The Committee To Defeat The President","support":843993,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544767/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$516,560 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $516,560 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":516560.12,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_titvab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$400,150 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CRYPTO INNOVATION","explanation":"CRYPTO INNOVATION spent $400,150 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804732","name":"CRYPTO INNOVATION","support":400150,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804732/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_thpric","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$400,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION spent $400,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00825158","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION","support":400000,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00825158/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_d0pn4w","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$383,079 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICANS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY DBA","explanation":"AMERICANS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY DBA THE CONSERVATIVE CAUCUS spent $383,079 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 160 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90018904","name":"AMERICANS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY DBA THE CONSERVATIVE CAUCUS","support":383079.0099999998,"oppose":0,"events":160}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018904/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$299,361 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $299,361 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 131 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":299360.86999999994,"oppose":0,"events":131}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P6_B001305_uv90or","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$257,831 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Freedom Fund","explanation":"House Freedom Fund spent $257,831 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 147 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00552851","name":"House Freedom Fund","support":257831.29000000007,"oppose":0,"events":147}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552851/"]},{"id":"P7_B001305_r3elh2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $19,045,988 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $19,045,988 opposing this member across 1121 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":19045987.619999997,"totalSupport":22915545.98000001,"events":1121,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":11045630.360000001},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":3324653.88},{"name":"CAROLINA SENATE FUND","oppose":1221368.96},{"name":"Truth And Justice Fund Company","oppose":1015478.14},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":616534.6600000001}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B001305_q1dsvm","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$596,000 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $596,000 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":596000,"events":3,"byYear":{"2022":596000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":500000,"events":1},{"cmteId":"C30001978","name":"PATRIOTIC VETERANS, INC","total":96000,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001305_6axz4y","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$26,994 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $26,994 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":26993.77,"oppose":0,"net":26993.77,"events":56,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":26993.77,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005988","name":"BEND THE ARC JEWISH ACTION INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001305_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30252 employees of RETIRED gave $3,305,899 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 30252× RETIRED = $3,305,899. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":30252,"total":3305899,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001305_g2twe0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$191,524 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $191,524 across 182 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,212.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614776","date":"2021-09-30","amount":191524,"count":182,"baseline":18212,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614776/"]},{"id":"P15_B001305_g2rzff","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$147,091 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $147,091 across 99 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,927.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614776","date":"2021-06-30","amount":147091,"count":99,"baseline":14927,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614776/"]},{"id":"P15_B001305_ur69ng","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,200 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $115,200 across 332 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,308.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614776","date":"2022-06-30","amount":115200,"count":332,"baseline":19308,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614776/"]},{"id":"P15_B001305_g3982p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,673 donation spike on 2021-12-31 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-31 this committee recorded $85,673 across 112 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,325.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614776","date":"2021-12-31","amount":85673,"count":112,"baseline":12325,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614776/"]},{"id":"P15_B001305_g2rzdt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,200 donation spike on 2021-06-14 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-14 this committee recorded $56,200 across 48 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,553.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614776","date":"2021-06-14","amount":56200,"count":48,"baseline":7553,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614776/"]},{"id":"P19_B001305_90714m","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Budd campaign paid $1,875,754 to 32 surname-matched vendors, top: ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","explanation":"Ted Budd's campaign paid 82 disbursements totaling $1,875,754 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","total":355804.68000000005,"count":26,"samples":[{"payee":"ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","amount":21935.53,"date":"2021-03-31","description":"DONOR DATABASE MANAGEMENT, CAGING AND ESCROW, DIRECT MAIL SERVICES, FUNDRAISING, LIST ACQUISITION &","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","amount":20081.98,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"DONOR DATABASE MANAGEMENT, CAGING AND ESCROW, DIRECT MAIL SERVICES, FUNDRAISING, LIST ACQUISITION &","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ELLIS CROW SOLUTIONS","amount":17657.71,"date":"2020-08-31","description":"DONOR DATABASE MANAGEMENT, CAGING AND ESCROW, DIRECT MAIL SERVICES, FUNDRAISING, LIST ACQUISITION &","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP","total":309468.88,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP","amount":197711.25,"date":"2004-11-09","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP","amount":50000,"date":"2004-09-24","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP","amount":41597.94,"date":"2006-02-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUDD, THEODORE P","total":275000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BUDD, THEODORE P","amount":250000,"date":"2022-11-11","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"budd","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BUDD, THEODORE P","amount":25000,"date":"2022-11-11","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"budd","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS","total":208709.98,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS","amount":60258.57,"date":"2013-09-20","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS","amount":25000,"date":"2004-10-26","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KIRKLAND & ELLIS","amount":25000,"date":"2003-03-16","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RIVES ELLIS, JENNA","total":138258.98,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RIVES ELLIS, JENNA","amount":138258.98,"date":"2020-10-02","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ellis","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUDD, THEODORE","total":70000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BUDD, THEODORE","amount":50000,"date":"2018-11-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"budd","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BUDD, THEODORE","amount":20000,"date":"2018-04-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"budd","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ELLIS%20CROW%20SOLUTIONS"]},{"id":"P25_B001305_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of PAC dollars ($404,356) come from Party industry","explanation":"Ted Budd receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":404355.78000000014,"share":63.2,"totalPAC":640019.42,"pacCount":34},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":404355.78000000014,"share":63.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":94852.59000000001,"share":14.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":50052.92,"share":7.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":35000,"share":5.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001305_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BUDD, Theodore Paul voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2025-12-10","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"James D. Maxwell II, of Mississippi, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"William J. Crain, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the Easte"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_B001305_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $22,915,546 supporting member — 1.3× their own $18,124,387 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.3×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":22915545.98000001,"events":1121},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":18124387},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.26},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"SMP","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":9421557.030000001},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":7433809.270000004}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_B001305_tvz5rx","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CAROLINA SENATE FUND both supported ($45,550) and opposed ($1,221,369) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Ted Budd advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00777029","name":"CAROLINA SENATE FUND","support":45550,"oppose":1221368.96,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00777029/"]},{"id":"P36_B001305","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Ted Budd has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_B001305","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$596K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 84% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Ted Budd was the target of $596,000 in electioneering communications across 3 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($500,000 = 84% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":596000,"events":3,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2022":596000}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":500000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001978","name":"PATRIOTIC VETERANS, INC","total":96000,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001978/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_B001305","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $77,223.68","explanation":"Ted Budd received campaign contributions totaling $77,223.68 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($10,000); BARBARA BANKE ($6,600); CALIBER COLLISION CENTER ($5,623.68); SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":77223.68,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BANKE, BARBARA MS.","ldaClient":"BARBARA BANKE","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CALIBER COLLISION","ldaClient":"CALIBER COLLISION CENTER","donorTotal":5623.68,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","ldaClient":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001305","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $191,524 on 2021-09-30 (10.5× normal)","explanation":"Ted Budd's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $191,524 on 2021-09-30 — 10.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":191524,"maxRatio":10.5,"maxAmount":191524},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-09-30","amount":191524,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":18212,"count":182,"cmteId":"C00614776","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00614776&min_date=2021-09-30&max_date=2021-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614776/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00614776&min_date=2021-09-30&max_date=2021-09-30"]},{"id":"P68_B001305","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 7 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$4.1M","explanation":"Ted Budd's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 7 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $4,125,002. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: PS1 Rural Hall LLC Filer comment: Retail (Business Entity Sole Proprietorship, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Budd Farm Description: Farm (Advance, No (Farm/Ranch, $250,001 - $500,000); Beach Property Description: Beach Rental (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000); Real Estate Description: Warehouse on Ho (Real Estate Commercial, $250,001 - $500,000); Budd Family LLC Company: Budd Family LLC (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":7,"totalEstMidpoint":4125002,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"PS1 Rural Hall LLC Filer comment: Retail sporting goods, indoor range and training facility. Doing business as ProShots.","type":"Business Entity Sole Proprietorship","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"},{"name":"Budd Farm Description: Farm (Advance, North Carolina)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Child","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"},{"name":"Beach Property Description: Beach Rental Property (Wilmington, North Carolina)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Child","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Warehouse on Hope Church Road (Winston-Salem, NC)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Child","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"},{"name":"Budd Family LLC Company: Budd Family LLC (Winston Salem, North Carolina) Description: Real Estate Rental and Farm","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Child","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_B001305","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 6 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Manager) at T Paul Properties LLC Advance, NC","explanation":"Ted Budd's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 6 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Manager) at T Paul Properties LLC Advance, NC (Other (Single member LLC)); Officer at Budd Family Management, Inc Winston-Salem, NC (Corporation); Other (Manager) at Budd Family, LLC Winston Salem, NC (Other (LLC)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":6,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jun 2021 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"T Paul Properties LLC Advance, NC","entityType":"Other (Single member LLC)"},{"dates":"Dec 2007 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Budd Family Management, Inc Winston-Salem, NC","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Dec 2007 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Budd Family, LLC Winston Salem, NC","entityType":"Other (LLC)"},{"dates":"Jul 2017 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Amy Kathryn 2017 Irrev Trust for the Benefit of Joshua Theodore Budd Advance, NC","entityType":"Trust"},{"dates":"Jul 2017 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Amy Kathryn 2017 Irrev Trust for the Benefit of Kathryn Elizabeth Budd Advance, NC","entityType":"Trust"},{"dates":"Jul 2017 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Amy Kathryn 2017 Irrev Trust for the Benefit of Macy Lauren Budd Advance, NC","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_B001305_2023","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 6 new ticker holdings in 2023 not present in prior PFD filings — including DFAU, FIQGX, DUHP, LIT, SLV, IAU","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 6 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: DFAU, FIQGX, DUHP, LIT, SLV, IAU.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2023,"count":6,"newTickers":["DFAU","FIQGX","DUHP","LIT","SLV","IAU"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3dc7526-9154-48c0-a27d-b779cacc844b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3dc7526-9154-48c0-a27d-b779cacc844b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_B001305","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 18 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ted Budd appears in 18 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 18 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (10); daily donation spike (5); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":18,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001305","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 7 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including REMSX, RLVSX, FIPDX, REZ, LIT, SLV","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: REMSX, RLVSX, FIPDX, REZ, LIT, SLV, IAU.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":7,"divestedTickers":["REMSX","RLVSX","FIPDX","REZ","LIT","SLV","IAU"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Budd discloses 11 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 11 unascertainable, 17% of 64 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 11 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 11 unascertainable) across 64 total reported assets — 17% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv Trust FBO (DC3) - Trust (--) · Fidelity Brokerage Services #18 (--) · College Foundation NC 529 Plan Institution: NC (--) · AKB - ROTH IRA (--) · TPB - ROTH IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":11,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":11,"totalAssets":64,"opaqueRatio":0.172,"samples":[{"asset":"Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv Trust FBO (DC3) - Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Brokerage Services #18","value":"--"},{"asset":"College Foundation NC 529 Plan Institution: NC","value":"--"},{"asset":"AKB - ROTH IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"TPB - ROTH IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Budd discloses 9 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 9 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: CRERX - Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class Adv · CREEX - Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class I · CRERX - Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class Adv · CREEX - Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class I.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":9,"properties":[{"name":"CRERX - Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class Adv","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"CREEX - Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class I","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"CRERX - Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class Adv","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"CREEX - Columbia Real Estate Equity Fund Class I","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Budd Family LLC Company: Budd Family LLC (Winston Salem, North Carolina) Description: Real Estate Rental and F","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Beach Property Description: Beach Rental Property (Wilmington, North Carolina)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Warehouse on Hope Church Road (Winston-Salem, NC)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"T Paul Properties, LLC Company: T Paul Properties, LLC (Advance, NC) Description: Partner in commercial real e","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Budd's 2025 PFD: 47 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (72% of 65 reported assets)","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 47 reported holdings owned by Spouse (24), Joint (5), or Dependent (18) — 72% of 65 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Ally Bank (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) Type: Savings · Dependent: Truist Financial (Winston Salem, North Carolina) Type: Checking, Money Market Ac · Dependent: Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv Trust FBO (DC3) - Trust · Dependent: RTSSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed U.S. Mid & Small Ca.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":24,"Joint":5,"Dependent":18,"Self":17},"totalAssets":65,"familyShare":0.723,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Ally Bank (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) Type: Savings","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Truist Financial (Winston Salem, North Carolina) Type: Checking, Money Market Ac","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv Trust FBO (DC3) - Trust","value":"--"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"RTSSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed U.S. Mid & Small Ca","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"RETSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed U.S. Large Cap Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"PS1 Rural Hall LLC Filer comment: Retail sporting goods, indoor range and training facility. Doing b","type":"Business Entity Sole Proprietorship","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_B001305","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Budd's campaign paid $57,601 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: BUDD FOR NC SENATE REPUBLICAN NOMINEE FUND 2022 ($26,620)","explanation":"Ted Budd's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $57,601 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BUDD FOR NC SENATE REPUBLICAN NOMINEE FUND 2022 ($26,620 across 1 payments, services: NET DISTRIBUTION OF JFC PROCEEDS). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":57601.17,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BUDD FOR NC SENATE REPUBLICAN NOMINEE FUND 2022","total":26619.81,"count":1,"descriptions":["NET DISTRIBUTION OF JFC PROCEEDS"]},{"payee":"BUDD, THEODORE P MR.","total":15981.36,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"BARON & BUDD PC","total":15000,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRAVEL - EXPENSE"]}],"surname":"budd"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2NC00505&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P92_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Budd's 2025 PFD: 18 holdings owned by Dependent Child (12 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 18 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 12 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: Truist Financial (Winston Salem, North Carolina) T · Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv Trust FBO (DC3) - Trust · RTSSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed U.S. Mid &  · RETSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed U.S. Large  · RTXSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed Real Assets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":18,"highValueCount":12,"holdings":[{"asset":"Truist Financial (Winston Salem, North Carolina) Type: Checking, Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv Trust FBO (DC3) - Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"RTSSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed U.S. Mid & Small Ca","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"RETSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed U.S. Large Cap Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"RTXSX - Russell Investment Tax-Managed Real Assets Fund Cl","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"RTHSX - Russell Investments Tax-Exempt High Yield Bond Fun","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"DFUS - Dimensional U.S. Equity ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"DFAX - Dimensional World Ex U.S. Core Equity 2 ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P96_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd owes 2 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Truist Financial Charlotte,","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Other (Personal Guarantee of Business LOC) ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 7.5% (renewal on an annual basis) from Truist Financial Charlotte, · Line of Credit ($$10,001 - $15,000) at 9.5% (matures 11/2/2033) from Truist Financial Winston.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":2,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Other (Personal Guarantee of Business LOC)","rate":"7.5% (renewal on an annual basis)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Truist Financial Charlotte, North Carolina","incurred":"2017"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"9.5% (matures 11/2/2033)","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000","creditor":"Truist Financial Winston Salem, North Carolina","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P99_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Budd Hope LLC Winston","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Budd Hope LLC Winston Salem, (Partnership Distributions).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Partnership Distributions","payer":"Budd Hope LLC Winston Salem, NC","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P103_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2025 PFD — top: Officer · Budd Family Management, Inc","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Officer · Budd Family Management, Inc (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Budd Family Management, Inc Winston-Salem, NC","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Dec 2007 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ted Budd's 2025 PFD lists 9 entities bearing the surname \"Budd\" — top: Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 9 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Budd\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv (asset) · Budd Family LLC Company: Budd (asset) · Budd Farm Description: Farm (Advance, (asset) · Budd Hope LLC Company: Budd (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Budd","count":9,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Amy Kathryn Budd 2017 Irrv Trust FBO (DC3) - Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Budd Family LLC Company: Budd Family LLC (Winston Salem, North Carolina) Description: Real Estate Re","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Budd Farm Description: Farm (Advance, North Carolina)","type":"Farm/Ranch"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Budd Hope LLC Company: Budd Hope LLC (Advance, NC) Description: Owner of commercial building","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"position","entry":"Budd Family Management, Inc Winston-Salem, NC","position":"Officer"},{"source":"position","entry":"Budd Family, LLC Winston Salem, NC","position":"Other (Manager)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_B001305","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.1M total receipts) — top: BUDD NC VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Ted Budd appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BUDD NC VICTORY FUND (C00817510, $3.1M receipts, treasurer MCMICHAEL, COLLIN). Active years: 1, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.09,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00817510","name":"BUDD NC VICTORY FUND","receipts":3087090.23,"treasurer":"MCMICHAEL, COLLIN","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817510/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817510/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00817510/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P135_B001305","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd's earliest disclosed PFD (2021) shows $7.1M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Ted Budd's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2021) shows total assets of $7.1M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 88; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2021","totalAssetMid":7051286.5,"assetCount":88,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/db9ed906-f4ab-4eef-81a8-3990cc664afc/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/db9ed906-f4ab-4eef-81a8-3990cc664afc/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_B001305","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd triggers 14 HIGH-severity findings across 32 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ted Budd accumulates 14 HIGH-severity findings across 32 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":14,"distinctDetectorTypes":32}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_B001305","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd triggers 33 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Ted Budd accumulates findings across 33 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 33 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":33,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P14","P15","P19","P25","P29","P31","P35","P36","P57","P61","P62","P68","P70","P74","P78","P79","P83","P84","P87","P88","P90","P92","P96","P99","P103","P104"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P161_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VG 12.5% Stocks 87.5% Bonds (Age-Based) Filer comment: Change in inves.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"VG 12.5% Stocks 87.5% Bonds (Age-Based) Filer comment: Change in investments automatic - based on ag","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 64 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 64 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":64,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd's 2025 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Other (Vehicle Loan) from GM Financial Cockeysville, MD at .9% (3 years)","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Other (Vehicle Loan) from GM Financial Cockeysville, MD at .9% (3 years) ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2024","type":"Other (Vehicle Loan)","rate":".9% (3 years)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"GM Financial Cockeysville, MD"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac4f24bc-25fa-4821-80ca-0aa41539710d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac4f24bc-25fa-4821-80ca-0aa41539710d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NC_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NC delegation: Ted Budd & Thom Tillis both flagged on 21 shared detector types (7 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NC — Ted Budd and Thom Tillis — are flagged on the same 21 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 7 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P8, P9, P14, P15, P19, P29.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NC","otherSenatorBid":"T000476","otherSenatorName":"Thom Tillis","sharedDetectorCount":21,"sharedHighCount":7,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P14","P15","P19","P29","P36","P57","P61","P62","P68","P70","P74","P79"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001305","https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000476"]},{"id":"P193_B001305_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Budd — 41 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Ted Budd's 2025 Senate PFD shows 41 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":41,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81dc00fe-0704-465b-8a07-5648b4711d24/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001132":[{"id":"P6_C001132_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$639,082 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $639,082 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":639081.62,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P6_C001132_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$485,006 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $485,006 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 48 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":485006.2000000001,"oppose":0,"events":48},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH PAC","total":35768}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_C001132_uv90or","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$286,253 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HOUSE FREEDOM FUND (also direct donor)","explanation":"HOUSE FREEDOM FUND spent $286,253 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 104 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00552851","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM FUND","support":286252.74999999994,"oppose":0,"events":104},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM FUND","total":238937.01}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552851/"]},{"id":"P7_C001132_6nzfj0","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,276,657 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,276,657 opposing this member across 387 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1276657.12,"totalSupport":2127627.309999999,"events":387,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":531952},{"name":"ESAFund","oppose":496289},{"name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","oppose":240000},{"name":"United We Can","oppose":8416.119999999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001132_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"197268 employees of RETIRED gave $5,351,298 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 197268× RETIRED = $5,351,298. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":197268,"total":5351298,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001132_39ivc4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eli Crane campaign paid $2,565,016 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","explanation":"Eli Crane's campaign paid 100 disbursements totaling $2,565,016 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","total":115347.09000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":36406.63,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2008-04-10","description":"GENERIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":26018.33,"date":"2025-08-06","description":"POLITICAL FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","total":30000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","amount":30000,"date":"2024-12-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY ,DAVIS,LISKER","total":20873.11,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY ,DAVIS,LISKER","amount":20873.11,"date":"2004-09-23","description":"INKIND-ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LISKER, HUCKABY D","total":20030,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LISKER, HUCKABY D","amount":20030,"date":"2009-03-31","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUCKABY%20DAVIS%20LISKER"]},{"id":"P25_C001132_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"96% of PAC dollars ($7,349,928) come from Party industry","explanation":"Eli Crane receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":7349927.619999998,"share":96.1,"totalPAC":7644332.629999998,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":7349927.619999998,"share":96.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":287905.01,"share":3.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":6500,"share":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_C001132_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CRANE, Eli voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001132","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Eli Crane has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]}],"D000626":[{"id":"P6_D000626_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,114,850 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $1,114,850 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":1114850.3900000001,"oppose":0,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P10_D000626_1u5m7x","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $347,735 / spent $294,995","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00634519","cmteName":"DEFEND FREEDOM POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":905,"totalDisbursements":731.1,"cashOnHand":173.9},{"cmteId":"C00634519","cmteName":"DEFEND FREEDOM POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2020","totalReceipts":33225,"totalDisbursements":23242.9,"cashOnHand":10155.97},{"cmteId":"C00634519","cmteName":"DEFEND FREEDOM POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2022","totalReceipts":81062.5,"totalDisbursements":79298.1,"cashOnHand":11920.3},{"cmteId":"C00780478","cmteName":"FINTECH PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00634519","cmteName":"DEFEND FREEDOM POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2024","totalReceipts":173321.7,"totalDisbursements":139706.3,"cashOnHand":45535.7}],"totalRaised":347734.60000000003,"totalSpent":294995}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_D000626_z1vuxc","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $1,980,350 in itemized individual contributions, $1,226,061 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1980350,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-103773,"$200.01-$499":113292,"$500-$999":259567,"$1000-$1999":485203,"$2000 and over":1226061},"megaShare":61.9,"smallDonorShare":-5.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000626_GE_2018-02-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-02-06 and 2018-02-08, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-02-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000626","name":"Warren Davidson"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"C001107","name":"Carlos Curbelo"}],"span":"2018-02-06 to 2018-02-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000626_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Warren Davidson executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GEHC","date":"2026-03-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Comprehensive Fishery Management Plans for Puerto Rico, St. Croix, and St. Thomas and St. John; Correction","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000626_tz9fw4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Warren Davidson campaign paid $11,880,512 to 56 surname-matched vendors, top: WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","explanation":"Warren Davidson's campaign paid 205 disbursements totaling $11,880,512 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","total":2780445.6000000006,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":1771360.21,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":286699.87,"date":"2006-01-26","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WILLIAMS AND CONNOLLY LLP","amount":197511.77,"date":"2005-05-19","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","total":1513553.55,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":398344.77,"date":"2004-08-19","description":"CONVENTION CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":333683.66,"date":"2020-08-14","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WELDON, WILLIAMS & LICK, INC.","amount":212500,"date":"2016-04-12","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","total":1274004.2,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":266585.71,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":187368.24,"date":"2023-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR US CONGRESS","amount":145123.55,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"TRANSFER NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","total":1133500.5,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":110600,"date":"2017-05-25","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":109000,"date":"2020-08-22","description":"DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS COMMITTEE","amount":104937.31,"date":"2016-08-12","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","total":1095529.42,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":564559.42,"date":"2011-06-28","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":400920,"date":"2011-09-14","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"ROGER WILLIAMS FOR U S CONGRESS CO","amount":130050,"date":"2011-09-14","description":"TRANSFER TO US HOUSE CAMPAIGN","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","total":953642.3799999999,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":348822.6,"date":"2024-06-27","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":230730.8,"date":"2024-01-20","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WELDON WILLIAMS & LICK INC.","amount":192150,"date":"2008-07-23","description":"CREDENTIALS","surnameMatched":"williams","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WILLIAMS%20AND%20CONNOLLY%20LLP"]},{"id":"P29_D000626_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DAVIDSON, Warren voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000626","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 7 total findings","explanation":"Warren Davidson has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":7,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_D000626_CLF_20200316","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CLF 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Warren Davidson buy $CLF 4 days after a corporate insider (Miller Janet L  (CIK 0001766389)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLF","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLF","filer":"Miller Janet L  (CIK 0001766389)","filingDate":"2020-03-12","adsh":"0000764065-20-000078","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000626_WKHS_20200828","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WKHS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Warren Davidson sell $WKHS 5 days before a corporate insider (Budde Gerald B.  (CIK 0001655373)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WKHS","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WKHS","filer":"Budde Gerald B.  (CIK 0001655373)","filingDate":"2020-09-02","adsh":"0001628280-20-013228"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000626_WKHS_20200921","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WKHS 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Warren Davidson buy $WKHS 9 days before a corporate insider (DeMott Harry  (CIK 0001684919)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WKHS","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WKHS","filer":"DeMott Harry  (CIK 0001684919)","filingDate":"2020-09-30","adsh":"0001628280-20-014040"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Consumer_Data_Industry_Associa_119163","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Consumer Data Industry Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-04-16 held a hearing titled \"Promoting Access to Credit for Everyday Americans\". The witness Mr. Dan Smith (Consumer Data Industry Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119163","title":"Promoting Access to Credit for Everyday Americans","date":"2026-04-16T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Dan Smith","witnessOrg":"Consumer Data Industry Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119163"},{"source":"donor","name":"CONSUMER CREDIT INSURANCE ASSOCIATION DBA CONSUMER CREDIT INDUSTRY ASSOC PAC (CCIA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONSUMER%20CREDIT%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20DBA%20CONSUMER%20CREDIT%20INDUSTRY%20ASSOC%20PAC%20(CCIA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119163","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CONSUMER%20CREDIT%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20DBA%20CONSUMER%20CREDIT%20INDUSTRY%20ASSOC%20PAC%20(CCIA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_118957","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118957","title":"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market","date":"2026-02-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION (MORPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20(MORPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20(MORPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_American_Enterprise_Institute__118713","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Enterprise Institute Housing Center testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-03 held a hearing titled \"Building Capacity: Reducing Government Roadblocks to Housing Supply\". The witness Mr. Tobias Peter (American Enterprise Institute Housing Center) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118713","title":"Building Capacity: Reducing Government Roadblocks to Housing Supply","date":"2025-12-03T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tobias Peter","witnessOrg":"American Enterprise Institute Housing Center","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118713"},{"source":"donor","name":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118713","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_National_Association_of_Home_B_117970","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117970","title":"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America","date":"2025-03-04T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILD PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILD%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILD%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Chairman_Federal_Deposit_Insur_117304","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-05-15 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Martin Gruenberg (Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117304","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2024-05-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Martin Gruenberg","witnessOrg":"Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117304"},{"source":"donor","name":"WESTFIELD FEDERAL EMPLOYEE PAC OF OHIO FARMERS INSURANCE COMPANY","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"OH","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=WESTFIELD%20FEDERAL%20EMPLOYEE%20PAC%20OF%20OHIO%20FARMERS%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117304","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=WESTFIELD%20FEDERAL%20EMPLOYEE%20PAC%20OF%20OHIO%20FARMERS%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_American_Property_and_Casualty_116462","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-10-24 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116462","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-10-24T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION PAC (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116462","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_American_Property_and_Casualty_116528","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-11-02 held a hearing titled \"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers\". The witness Mr. Robert Gordon (American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116528","title":"The Factors Influencing the High Cost of Insurance for Consumers","date":"2023-11-02T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Gordon","witnessOrg":"American Property and Casualty Insurance Association (APCIA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116528"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION PAC (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116528","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20PROPERTY%20CASUALTY%20INSURANCE%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(INSURING%20AMERICA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Cavco_Industries_on_behalf_of__116212","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-07-14 held a hearing titled \"How Mandates Like ESG Distort Markets and Drive Up Costs for Insurance and Housing\". The witness Mr. Bill Boor (Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116212","title":"How Mandates Like ESG Distort Markets and Drive Up Costs for Insurance and Housing","date":"2023-07-14T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Bill Boor","witnessOrg":"Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116212"},{"source":"donor","name":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116212","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_D000626_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_119232","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Warren Davidson sits on House Financial Services, which on 2026-04-28 held a hearing titled \"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"119232","title":"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities","date":"2026-04-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION (MORPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20(MORPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20(MORPAC)"]},{"id":"P61_D000626","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $134,000","explanation":"Warren Davidson received campaign contributions totaling $134,000 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000); THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":134000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION PAC (INSURING AMERICA PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE AUTO CARE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. PAC)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_D000626","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 28 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Warren Davidson appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 28 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (16); insider front ran trade (2); ie support concentration (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":28,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":16},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000626","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_D000626","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Warren Davidson's campaign paid $649,945 to 25 surname-matched vendors — top: DAVIDSON, DONNA GARCIA ($115,000)","explanation":"Warren Davidson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 46 payments totaling $649,945 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DAVIDSON, DONNA GARCIA ($115,000 across 9 payments, services: LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":649945.1100000001,"paymentCount":46,"payeeCount":25,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DAVIDSON, DONNA GARCIA","total":115000,"count":9,"descriptions":["LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES"]},{"payee":"DAVIDSON, MARY L.","total":77534.6,"count":9,"descriptions":["SECURITY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"DAVIDSON, CHINA","total":46200,"count":1,"descriptions":["GOTV CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"DAVIDSON, JONATHAN MR","total":43049,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONSULTING FEES/EVENT SERVICES"]},{"payee":"HOMEWOOD SUITES - DAVIDSON","total":39159.9,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRAVEL EXPENSES"]}],"surname":"davidson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6OH08315&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_D000626","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Warren Davidson draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.0M PAC / $10.8M total)","explanation":"Warren Davidson's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.0M of $10.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.84,"pacSharePct":46.4,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6OH08315"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OH08315/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_D000626","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Warren Davidson executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY WKHS (24d apart)","explanation":"Warren Davidson has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY WKHS 2020-08-28 → 2020-09-21 (24d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"WKHS","days":24,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-08-28","date2":"2020-09-21","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_D000626","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Warren Davidson triggers 15 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Warren Davidson accumulates 15 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":15,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_D000626","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Warren Davidson operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.3M combined receipts)","explanation":"Warren Davidson operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.3M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: DEFEND FREEDOM POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (C00634519) · FINTECH PAC (C00780478).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.35,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00634519","cmteName":"DEFEND FREEDOM POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE"},{"cmteId":"C00780478","cmteName":"FINTECH PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634519/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00780478/"]}],"S001200":[{"id":"P6_S001200_uup8s7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$577,014 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LATINO VICTORY FUND","explanation":"LATINO VICTORY FUND spent $577,014 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 39 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00562777","name":"LATINO VICTORY FUND","support":577014.18,"oppose":0,"events":39}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00562777/"]},{"id":"P6_S001200_ucko6v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$272,461 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PROGRESS TOMORROW, INC.","explanation":"PROGRESS TOMORROW, INC. spent $272,461 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00681775","name":"PROGRESS TOMORROW, INC.","support":272461.38,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00681775/"]},{"id":"P9_S001200_itn7lf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$10,965 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $10,965 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":10964.64,"oppose":0,"net":10964.64,"events":5,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":8545.52,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":2419.12,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004569","name":"HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001200_gt9ken","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $312,327 / spent $280,257","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00692590","cmteName":"SUNSHINE ORGANIZATION FOR TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00692590","cmteName":"SUNSHINE ORGANIZATION FOR TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":74250,"totalDisbursements":66334.6,"cashOnHand":7915.41},{"cmteId":"C00692590","cmteName":"SUNSHINE ORGANIZATION FOR TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":98000,"totalDisbursements":91173.8,"cashOnHand":14741.57},{"cmteId":"C00692590","cmteName":"SUNSHINE ORGANIZATION FOR TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":71576.5,"totalDisbursements":78641.5,"cashOnHand":7676.53},{"cmteId":"C00692590","cmteName":"SUNSHINE ORGANIZATION FOR TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":68500,"totalDisbursements":44107.4,"cashOnHand":32069.11}],"totalRaised":312326.5,"totalSpent":280257.30000000005}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001200_y7nrej","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Darren Soto campaign paid $1,556,648 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","explanation":"Darren Soto's campaign paid 125 disbursements totaling $1,556,648 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","total":770651.3900000001,"count":60,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":35000,"date":"2024-12-18","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":20854.5,"date":"2017-11-14","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","total":292743.05,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":47500,"date":"2018-11-30","description":"ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":21553.81,"date":"2019-05-28","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES, TRAVEL, AND SHIPPING","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH AND ASSOCIATES","amount":21503.49,"date":"2019-07-05","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SOTO, SANDRA","total":128500,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"SOTO, SANDRA","amount":13000,"date":"2022-02-09","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"soto","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SOTO, SANDRA","amount":10500,"date":"2022-11-08","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"soto","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SOTO, SANDRA","amount":10500,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"soto","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES","total":88811.2,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES","amount":12500,"date":"2022-02-08","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: BOOKKEEPING AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES","amount":8784.95,"date":"2022-10-04","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: BOOKKEEPING AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MELE, BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES","amount":8751,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: BOOKKEEPING AND COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","total":60233.63,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":22561.47,"date":"2016-11-23","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":7574.07,"date":"2016-04-05","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING  SERVICES & POSTAG","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES, LLC","amount":7525.85,"date":"2016-08-26","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING SERVICES & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"brengarth","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHAFFER, JEREMY","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SHAFFER, JEREMY","amount":50000,"date":"2023-08-17","description":"PARTIAL REPAYMENT OF LOAN","surnameMatched":"shaffer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MELE%20BRENGARTH%20%26%20ASSOCIATES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P61_S001200","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"40 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $258,000","explanation":"Darren Soto received campaign contributions totaling $258,000 from 40 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 39 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION ($15,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,000); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); WARNERMEDIA GROUP (FKA TIME WARNER INC) ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":40,"totalDollars":258000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AT&T INC./WARNERMEDIA LLC FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T/WARNERMEDIA FEDERAL PAC)","ldaClient":"WARNERMEDIA GROUP (FKA TIME WARNER INC)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S001200","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Darren Soto's campaign paid $143,500 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: SOTO, SANDRA ($128,500)","explanation":"Darren Soto's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 13 payments totaling $143,500 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SOTO, SANDRA ($128,500 across 12 payments, services: FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":143500,"paymentCount":13,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SOTO, SANDRA","total":128500,"count":12,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"WORKER POWER FOR BASS FOR MAYOR SOTO FOR COUNCIL AND OPP O'FARRELL","total":15000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT. CONTRIBUTION TO LOCAL PAC"]}],"surname":"soto"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6FL09179&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_S001200","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Darren Soto draws 62% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.6M PAC / $17.2M total)","explanation":"Darren Soto's FEC-bulk record shows 62% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.6M of $17.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.17,"pacSharePct":61.6,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6FL09179"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6FL09179/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001053":[{"id":"P6_C001053_ty8tt0","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$255,872 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans 4 Security PAC","explanation":"Americans 4 Security PAC spent $255,872 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00733352","name":"Americans 4 Security PAC","support":255872,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00733352/"]},{"id":"P9_C001053_8bhe78","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$34,651 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $34,651 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":34651.11,"oppose":0,"net":34651.11,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":26454.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":7791.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":405.43,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001053_ktowie","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $380,601 in itemized individual contributions, $231,400 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":380601,"buckets":{"$200 and under":6266,"$200.01-$499":30617,"$500-$999":42318,"$1000-$1999":70000,"$2000 and over":231400},"megaShare":60.8,"smallDonorShare":1.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001053_e0pomb","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Cole campaign paid $1,052,635 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: PROTOCOL DIRECT MARKETING MARK COLE","explanation":"Tom Cole's campaign paid 32 disbursements totaling $1,052,635 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PROTOCOL DIRECT MARKETING MARK COLE","total":235818.78,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"PROTOCOL DIRECT MARKETING MARK COLE","amount":92477.65,"date":"2004-01-16","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"PROTOCOL DIRECT MARKETING MARK COLE","amount":54000,"date":"2004-01-01","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"PROTOCOL DIRECT MARKETING MARK COLE","amount":50389.63,"date":"2003-12-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROBINSON & COLE LLP","total":138157.31,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ROBINSON & COLE LLP","amount":99679.67,"date":"2022-08-04","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ROBINSON & COLE LLP","amount":38477.64,"date":"2022-07-19","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COLE FOR VA","total":113333,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"COLE FOR VA","amount":67500,"date":"2023-09-20","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COLE FOR VA","amount":45833,"date":"2023-10-06","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERKINS COLE LLP","total":108091.78,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PERKINS COLE LLP","amount":37641.78,"date":"2017-03-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PERKINS COLE LLP","amount":35450,"date":"2006-03-01","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"PERKINS COLE LLP","amount":35000,"date":"2017-07-25","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PERKINS COLE","total":107468,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PERKINS COLE","amount":107468,"date":"2007-07-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COLE HARGRAVE SNODGRASS & ASSOC.","total":72684.2,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"COLE HARGRAVE SNODGRASS & ASSOC.","amount":37050,"date":"2024-05-21","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COLE HARGRAVE SNODGRASS & ASSOC.","amount":35634.2,"date":"2014-06-17","description":"POLLING AND PHONE PROGRAM","surnameMatched":"cole","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PROTOCOL%20DIRECT%20MARKETING%20MARK%20COLE"]},{"id":"P61_C001053","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $59,600","explanation":"Tom Cole received campaign contributions totaling $59,600 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($26,400); MORAN GLOBAL STRATEGIES, INC. (O/B/O SIEMENS GOVER ($10,000); NEW YORK HALL OF SCIENCE (FKA PECK MADIGAN JONES O ($6,600); FOND DU LAC BAND OF LAKE SUPERIOR CHIPPEWA ($6,600); NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":59600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMM PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":26400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN GLOBAL STRATEGIES LLC","ldaClient":"MORAN GLOBAL STRATEGIES, INC. (O/B/O SIEMENS GOVERNMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HALL, FRED JONES MR.","ldaClient":"NEW YORK HALL OF SCIENCE (FKA PECK MADIGAN JONES OBO NEW YORK HALL OF SCIENCE)","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LAC BAND, FOND DU","ldaClient":"FOND DU LAC BAND OF LAKE SUPERIOR CHIPPEWA","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001053","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Cole's campaign paid $598,993 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: PROTOCOL DIRECT MARKETING MARK COLE ($235,819)","explanation":"Tom Cole's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $598,993 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: PROTOCOL DIRECT MARKETING MARK COLE ($235,819 across 4 payments, services: DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":598992.65,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"PROTOCOL DIRECT MARKETING MARK COLE","total":235818.78,"count":4,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"COLE FOR VA","total":113333,"count":2,"descriptions":["NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"PERKINS COLE","total":107468,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"COLE HARGRAVE SNODGRASS & ASSOC.","total":72684.2,"count":2,"descriptions":["POLLING","POLLING AND PHONE PROGRAM"]},{"payee":"PARKER COLE P.C.","total":36500,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL"]}],"surname":"cole"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OK04055&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_C001053","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Cole ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.7M across 26 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Tom Cole's FEC-bulk record shows $21.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $48.9M (PAC: $21.7M, individual: $25.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":48.92,"lifetimeIndividualM":25.91,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2OK04055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OK04055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C001053","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Cole draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($21.7M PAC / $48.9M total)","explanation":"Tom Cole's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($21.7M of $48.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":21.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":48.92,"pacSharePct":44.3,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2OK04055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OK04055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_C001053_ToamendtheInternalRe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Cole sponsored \"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to prohibit the u\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Tom Cole has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to prohibit the use of public funds for political party conventions."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001119":[{"id":"P6_C001119_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$973,501 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Fairshake","explanation":"Fairshake spent $973,501 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"Fairshake","support":973501,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_C001119_uulh5s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$629,750 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","explanation":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE spent $629,750 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00568444","name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","support":629749.89,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568444/"]},{"id":"P6_C001119_tw3lw7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$454,450 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Shield PAC","explanation":"Shield PAC spent $454,450 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00770149","name":"Shield PAC","support":454450,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770149/"]},{"id":"P6_C001119_vait17","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$395,286 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Planned Parenthood Votes","explanation":"Planned Parenthood Votes spent $395,286 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 24 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489799","name":"Planned Parenthood Votes","support":395285.93,"oppose":0,"events":24}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489799/"]},{"id":"P6_C001119_uvu68r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$330,394 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Giffords PAC","explanation":"Giffords PAC spent $330,394 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00540443","name":"Giffords PAC","support":330394,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00540443/"]},{"id":"P6_C001119_uc0bpt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$284,052 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Voter Protection Project","explanation":"Voter Protection Project spent $284,052 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00692319","name":"Voter Protection Project","support":284052.07,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00692319/"]},{"id":"P7_C001119_w8uym2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $9,289,367 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $9,289,367 opposing this member across 462 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":9289367.49,"totalSupport":4193750.7500000014,"events":462,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":8887498.67},{"name":"DEFEND US PAC","oppose":222871.36000000002},{"name":"CLEAR VOICE MINNESOTA","oppose":121000},{"name":"Business-Industry Political Action Committee","oppose":27750}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001119_bpzw5m","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,527 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $96,527 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":96527.43999999999,"oppose":0,"net":96527.43999999999,"events":47,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":62835.770000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":25910.37,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7135.8,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":645.5,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001119_lmna1m","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $266,450 / spent $208,960","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00762369","cmteName":"SUMMITT PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":33750,"totalDisbursements":49.4,"cashOnHand":33700.61},{"cmteId":"C00762369","cmteName":"SUMMITT PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":67000,"totalDisbursements":78819,"cashOnHand":21881.63},{"cmteId":"C00762369","cmteName":"SUMMITT PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":165700,"totalDisbursements":130092,"cashOnHand":57489.62}],"totalRaised":266450,"totalSpent":208960.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001119_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18932 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $5,213,857 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 18932× NOT EMPLOYED = $5,213,857; 3947× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,530,946. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":18932,"total":5213857,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":3947,"total":1530946,"years":["2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001119_2k9tfz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,525 donation spike on 2025-03-21 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-21 this committee recorded $83,525 across 32 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,757.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575209","date":"2025-03-21","amount":83525,"count":32,"baseline":12757,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575209/"]},{"id":"P15_C001119_c44gtl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,026 donation spike on 2024-03-08 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-08 this committee recorded $82,026 across 113 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,095.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575209","date":"2024-03-08","amount":82026,"count":113,"baseline":8095,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575209/"]},{"id":"P15_C001119_qsiqz8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,915 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $80,915 across 71 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,873.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575209","date":"2023-03-31","amount":80915,"count":71,"baseline":7873,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575209/"]},{"id":"P15_C001119_evsqju","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,840 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $54,840 across 38 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,588.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575209","date":"2021-03-31","amount":54840,"count":38,"baseline":5588,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575209/"]},{"id":"P15_C001119_784nmb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,722 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $148,722 across 166 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,125.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903690","date":"2025-06-30","amount":148722,"count":166,"baseline":19125,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903690/"]},{"id":"P15_C001119_78l98d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$136,164 donation spike on 2025-11-12 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-12 this committee recorded $136,164 across 99 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,401.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903690","date":"2025-11-12","amount":136164,"count":99,"baseline":22401,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903690/"]},{"id":"P15_C001119_78kmaj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$111,961 donation spike on 2025-10-31 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-31 this committee recorded $111,961 across 139 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,845.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903690","date":"2025-10-31","amount":111961,"count":139,"baseline":16845,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903690/"]},{"id":"P15_C001119_785alv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,212 donation spike on 2025-07-31 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-07-31 this committee recorded $71,212 across 103 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,757.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00903690","date":"2025-07-31","amount":71212,"count":103,"baseline":11757,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00903690/"]},{"id":"P19_C001119_tomn70","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angie Craig campaign paid $172,262 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: SWENSON ADVISORS, LLP","explanation":"Angie Craig's campaign paid 48 disbursements totaling $172,262 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SWENSON ADVISORS, LLP","total":45275.36,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"SWENSON ADVISORS, LLP","amount":10000,"date":"2021-12-13","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SWENSON ADVISORS, LLP","amount":8116,"date":"2022-03-11","description":"SEE SCHEDULE B BREAKDOWN OF EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SWENSON ADVISORS, LLP","amount":5000,"date":"2022-03-12","description":"IN KIND CONTRIBUTION TO SWENSON ADVISOR LLP INVOICE","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SWENSON, PETER","total":26100,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"SWENSON, PETER","amount":5600,"date":"2019-11-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SWENSON, PETER","amount":4200,"date":"2021-01-05","description":"REFUND: CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SWENSON, PETER","amount":2900,"date":"2022-07-16","description":"REFUND: REFUND","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SWENSON, WALDON","total":13887.57,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SWENSON, WALDON","amount":6827.85,"date":"2016-03-28","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SWENSON, WALDON","amount":4564.52,"date":"2016-02-29","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SWENSON, WALDON","amount":2495.2,"date":"2016-01-28","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SWENSON, FRANCES","total":10800,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SWENSON, FRANCES","amount":3000,"date":"2024-05-06","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SWENSON, FRANCES","amount":2800,"date":"2019-12-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SWENSON, FRANCES","amount":2600,"date":"2021-05-03","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SWENSON, STEVE","total":8833.22,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SWENSON, STEVE","amount":4419.11,"date":"2024-09-04","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SWENSON, STEVE","amount":4414.11,"date":"2024-09-14","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SWENSON GAMEBIRDS","total":8000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SWENSON GAMEBIRDS","amount":4000,"date":"2010-11-09","description":"PASS THROUGH","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SWENSON GAMEBIRDS","amount":4000,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"STAGING","surnameMatched":"swenson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SWENSON%20ADVISORS"]},{"id":"P36_C001119","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 19 total findings","explanation":"Angie Craig has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":19,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_C001119","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$97K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 65% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Angie Craig received $96,527.44 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($62,835.77 = 65%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":96527.43999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2016":21306.66,"2018":7289.37,"2020":4450.14,"2022":98730.5,"2024":25731.199999999997},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":62835.770000000004,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":25910.37,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7135.8,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":645.5,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_C001119","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $82,026 on 2024-03-08 (10.1× normal)","explanation":"Angie Craig's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $82,026 on 2024-03-08 — 10.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":162941,"maxRatio":10.3,"maxAmount":82026},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-08","amount":82026,"ratio":10.1,"baselineDaily":8095,"count":113,"cmteId":"C00575209","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575209&min_date=2024-03-08&max_date=2024-03-08"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-03-31","amount":80915,"ratio":10.3,"baselineDaily":7873,"count":71,"cmteId":"C00575209","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575209&min_date=2023-03-31&max_date=2023-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575209/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575209&min_date=2024-03-08&max_date=2024-03-08"]},{"id":"P78_C001119","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Angie Craig appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (8); ie support concentration (6); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":8},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":6},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001119","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"I000056":[{"id":"P6_I000056_udkeql","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$754,716 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from POLICE OFFICERS DEFENSE ALLIANCE LLC","explanation":"POLICE OFFICERS DEFENSE ALLIANCE LLC spent $754,716 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 294 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00667865","name":"POLICE OFFICERS DEFENSE ALLIANCE LLC","support":754716.3500000008,"oppose":0,"events":294}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00667865/"]},{"id":"P7_I000056_sajw0i","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,678,105 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,678,105 opposing this member across 521 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1678104.79,"totalSupport":855245.8600000003,"events":521,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":470272.27999999997},{"name":"Patriot Majority PAC","oppose":469105.46},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":200915.52},{"name":"AMERICAN UNITY PAC INC","oppose":171898},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":166500}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_I000056_84al88","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,975 donation spike on 2019-12-30 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-30 this committee recorded $65,975 across 34 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,072.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00721332","date":"2019-12-30","amount":65975,"count":34,"baseline":7072,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00721332/"]},{"id":"P19_I000056_eyu5b8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Darrell Issa campaign paid $6,851,766 to 48 surname-matched vendors, top: ISSA - PERSONAL FUNDS, DARRELL","explanation":"Darrell Issa's campaign paid 122 disbursements totaling $6,851,766 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ISSA - PERSONAL FUNDS, DARRELL","total":5337631.86,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"ISSA - PERSONAL FUNDS, DARRELL","amount":800000,"date":"2020-03-13","description":"","surnameMatched":"issa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ISSA - PERSONAL FUNDS, DARRELL","amount":800000,"date":"2020-11-03","description":"","surnameMatched":"issa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ISSA - PERSONAL FUNDS, DARRELL","amount":700000,"date":"2020-03-13","description":"","surnameMatched":"issa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ISSA FOR US SENATE","total":645000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ISSA FOR US SENATE","amount":645000,"date":"2018-12-11","description":"TRANSFER OUT TO AFFILIATED COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"issa","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELDRIDGE, ELDRIDGE JR","total":227371.66,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ELDRIDGE, ELDRIDGE JR","amount":227371.66,"date":"2016-12-19","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"eldridge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELDRIDGE, CONNER JR","total":220000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ELDRIDGE, CONNER JR","amount":135000,"date":"2016-11-28","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"eldridge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ELDRIDGE, CONNER JR","amount":60000,"date":"2016-11-28","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"eldridge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ELDRIDGE, CONNER JR","amount":25000,"date":"2016-11-28","description":"LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"eldridge","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HURTADO, MARIA JOSE","total":45001.35999999999,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"HURTADO, MARIA JOSE","amount":5418.57,"date":"2024-09-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hurtado","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HURTADO, MARIA JOSE","amount":2183.33,"date":"2024-04-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hurtado","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HURTADO, MARIA JOSE","amount":2107.73,"date":"2024-03-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hurtado","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SLATER, CHRISTIAN","total":42254.649999999994,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"SLATER, CHRISTIAN","amount":3115.33,"date":"2022-04-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"slater","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SLATER, CHRISTIAN","amount":3115.33,"date":"2022-06-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"slater","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SLATER, CHRISTIAN","amount":3115.33,"date":"2022-05-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"slater","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ISSA%20-%20PERSONAL%20FUNDS"]},{"id":"P25_I000056_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of PAC dollars ($369,154) come from Party industry","explanation":"Darrell Issa receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":369153.57,"share":65.6,"totalPAC":562411.3400000001,"pacCount":37},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":369153.57,"share":65.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":41800,"share":7.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":24583.3,"share":4.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":20000,"share":3.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P44_I000056_Pala_Band_of_Mission_Indians_2025","pattern_type":"P44_EARMARK_TO_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earmarked $250K to Pala Band of Mission Indians — also a $3,300 campaign donor","explanation":"Darrell Issa directed a $250,000 Agriculture earmark in FY2025 to Pala Band of Mission Indians (11790 A Pala Mission Cir,Pala,California,92059) for \"Pala Band of Mission Indians Community Learning Center\". The same recipient (or a closely-named entity) appears in the member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. Earmarks-for-donations is the canonical pay-to-play pattern; the public-interest test is whether the project would have been funded absent the donor relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"earmark","recipient":"Pala Band of Mission Indians","project":"Pala Band of Mission Indians Community Learning Center","amount":250000,"year":2025,"subcommittee":"Agriculture","district":"CA48","location":"11790 A Pala Mission Cir,Pala,California,92059","sourceUrl":"https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx"},{"source":"donor","name":"PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?two_year_transaction_period=2024&recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20LUISENO%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20LUISENO%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P44_I000056_Rincon_Band_of_Luiseno_Indians_2025","pattern_type":"P44_EARMARK_TO_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earmarked $2600K to Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians — also a $3,300 campaign donor","explanation":"Darrell Issa directed a $2,600,000 Energy & Water earmark in FY2025 to Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians (One Government Center Lane,Valley Center,California,92082) for \"Rincon North Wastewater Infrastructure Modernization Project\". The same recipient (or a closely-named entity) appears in the member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. Earmarks-for-donations is the canonical pay-to-play pattern; the public-interest test is whether the project would have been funded absent the donor relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"earmark","recipient":"Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians","project":"Rincon North Wastewater Infrastructure Modernization Project","amount":2600000,"year":2025,"subcommittee":"Energy & Water","district":"CA48","location":"One Government Center Lane,Valley Center,California,92082","sourceUrl":"https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx"},{"source":"donor","name":"PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO INDIANS","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"ORGANIZATION","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?two_year_transaction_period=2024&recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20LUISENO%20INDIANS"}],"citations":["https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-appropriations.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fy25-house-cpfs-as-requested-06.28.2024.xlsx","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=PECHANGA%20BAND%20OF%20LUISENO%20INDIANS"]},{"id":"P61_I000056","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $53,500","explanation":"Darrell Issa received campaign contributions totaling $53,500 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($8,500); CALIFORNIA CREDIT UNION LEAGUE ($5,000); CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC ($5,000); AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION F ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":53500,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AIPAC-AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":8500,"exact":true},{"donorName":"CALIFORNIA COAST CREDIT UNION FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"CALIFORNIA CREDIT UNION LEAGUE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNION PAC","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION LOAN SOURCE, LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AM PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSN","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE ASSOCIATION FKA PROPERTY CASUALTY INS ASSN","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P109_I000056","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Darrell Issa named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($8.3M total receipts) — top: DARRELL ISSA VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Darrell Issa appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $8.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: DARRELL ISSA VICTORY FUND (C00493528, $4.2M receipts, treasurer BETTY PRESLEY). Active years: 4, first seen 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":8.33,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00493528","name":"DARRELL ISSA VICTORY FUND","receipts":4179766.5900000003,"treasurer":"BETTY PRESLEY","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493528/"},{"committeeId":"C00725747","name":"ISSA VICTORY FUND","receipts":4155135,"treasurer":"SLATER, JEN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00725747/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493528/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00493528/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_I000056","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Darrell Issa ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $85M across 28 cycles","explanation":"Darrell Issa's FEC-bulk record shows $84.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":84.54,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H0CA48024"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA48024/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_I000056_CriminalAlienAccount","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Darrell Issa sponsored \"Criminal Alien Accountability Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Darrell Issa has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Criminal Alien Accountability Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_I000056_FallenHeroesFamilyAc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Darrell Issa sponsored \"Fallen Heroes Family Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Darrell Issa has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fallen Heroes Family Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_I000056","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Darrell Issa — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($42.3M)","explanation":"Darrell Issa is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $42.3M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":42271653,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA48024/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000608":[{"id":"P6_R000608_tys09t","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,871,538 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Somos PAC","explanation":"Somos PAC spent $1,871,538 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00724203","name":"Somos PAC","support":1871537.5600000003,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00724203/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_tx4nuv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,695,961 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKERS VOTE","explanation":"WORKERS VOTE spent $1,695,961 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 107 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754051","name":"WORKERS VOTE","support":1695960.61,"oppose":0,"events":107}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754051/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,566,608 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $1,566,608 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1566607.6799999997,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_ufsxdt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,026,936 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from New American Jobs Fund","explanation":"New American Jobs Fund spent $1,026,936 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00625533","name":"New American Jobs Fund","support":1026936.4600000001,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00625533/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_tztjyb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$901,597 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EDF Action Votes","explanation":"EDF Action Votes spent $901,597 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00707844","name":"EDF Action Votes","support":901597.33,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00707844/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$875,202 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $875,202 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":875201.8500000001,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$802,335 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SEIU COPE (Service Employees Internation","explanation":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) spent $802,335 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 32 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":802334.75,"oppose":6420,"events":32}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_ud3wps","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$797,003 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WIN JUSTICE","explanation":"WIN JUSTICE spent $797,003 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00672394","name":"WIN JUSTICE","support":797002.8700000001,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00672394/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_ufw19a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$766,390 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from For Our Future","explanation":"For Our Future spent $766,390 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 73 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00620971","name":"For Our Future","support":766390.4800000001,"oppose":0,"events":73}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620971/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_uvpq2l","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$609,056 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NextGen Climate Action Committee","explanation":"NextGen Climate Action Committee spent $609,056 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00547349","name":"NextGen Climate Action Committee","support":609055.5,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547349/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_d0ozlg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$496,547 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Working People Rising","explanation":"Working People Rising spent $496,547 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 191 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90017880","name":"Working People Rising","support":496547.22,"oppose":0,"events":191}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90017880/"]},{"id":"P6_R000608_th5zoq","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$471,787 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Forward Blue PAC","explanation":"Forward Blue PAC spent $471,787 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835041","name":"Forward Blue PAC","support":471786.92000000004,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835041/"]},{"id":"P7_R000608_86l4gx","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $56,779,534 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $56,779,534 opposing this member across 1798 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":56779534.10999998,"totalSupport":16895010.969999976,"events":1798,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":18935867.419999998},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":15141658.99},{"name":"WIN IT BACK PAC","oppose":12131685.980000004},{"name":"STATE ACTION FUND PAC INC.","oppose":3517143.7900000005},{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3035896.87}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_R000608_chd89a","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,751 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $79,751 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":86228.92000000001,"oppose":6477.89,"net":79751.03000000001,"events":25,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":34532.19,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":23003.67,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":8878.22,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006184","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION OF J/M & APPR. OF PLUMBING & P/F INDUSTRY","support":7622.13,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":6477.89,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000608_f5mp5j","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $3,843,264 / spent $3,571,140","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00654475","cmteName":"SMART SOLUTIONS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":213800,"totalDisbursements":115412.1,"cashOnHand":98387.9},{"cmteId":"C00654475","cmteName":"SMART SOLUTIONS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":1136119.5,"totalDisbursements":987601.2,"cashOnHand":246906.19},{"cmteId":"C00654475","cmteName":"SMART SOLUTIONS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":904935,"totalDisbursements":903580.3,"cashOnHand":248260.96},{"cmteId":"C00654475","cmteName":"SMART SOLUTIONS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":981346.2,"totalDisbursements":1056620.4,"cashOnHand":172986.7},{"cmteId":"C00654475","cmteName":"SMART SOLUTIONS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":607063.5,"totalDisbursements":507925.7,"cashOnHand":272124.54}],"totalRaised":3843264.2,"totalSpent":3571139.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_R000608_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"215259 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $18,326,677 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 215259× NOT EMPLOYED = $18,326,677; 27799× SELF EMPLOYED = $4,573,343. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":215259,"total":18326677,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":27799,"total":4573343,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000608_3c854z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,000 donation spike on 2020-02-24 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-24 this committee recorded $56,000 across 20 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,069.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00654475","date":"2020-02-24","amount":56000,"count":20,"baseline":5069,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654475/"]},{"id":"P17_R000608_LOGM_2017-02-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LOGM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-02-01 and 2017-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on LOGM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOGM","date":"2017-02-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LOGM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000608","name":"Jacky Rosen"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"R000570","name":"Paul D. Ryan"}],"span":"2017-02-01 to 2017-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000608_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jacky Rosen executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","date":"2021-11-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revised Reporting Requirements Due to Catastrophic Conditions for Federal Seafood Dealers, Individual Fishing Quota Deal","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-10-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000608_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Jacky Rosen executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-11-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"The Declaration of Allulose and Calories From Allulose on Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels; Availability","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-10-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000608_3x6fgk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen campaign paid $17,383,960 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: BERLIN ROSEN","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's campaign paid 158 disbursements totaling $17,383,960 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BERLIN ROSEN","total":8589626.93,"count":38,"samples":[{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN","amount":892866.81,"date":"2022-08-22","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN","amount":671270,"date":"2022-08-08","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN","amount":600447.5,"date":"2022-07-15","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BERLIN ROSEN LTD","total":5008776.859999999,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN LTD","amount":1024551.46,"date":"2018-10-09","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN LTD","amount":824638.98,"date":"2018-10-05","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN LTD","amount":500000,"date":"2018-10-30","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE PRINTING","total":830575.8000000002,"count":36,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":95318.27,"date":"2019-11-12","description":"MAILERS FOR STATE ELECTION","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":85758.28,"date":"2016-12-07","description":"PRINTING AND POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MELE PRINTING","amount":50209.03,"date":"2018-10-22","description":"CAMPAIGN PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BERLIN ROSEN,LTD.","total":678200,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN,LTD.","amount":678200,"date":"2020-03-11","description":"NONFEDERAL IE - ADVERTISEMENT PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LAROCCA HORNIK ROSEN GREENBERG & BLAHA LLP","total":628369.11,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"LAROCCA HORNIK ROSEN GREENBERG & BLAHA LLP","amount":222920.17,"date":"2020-09-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"LAROCCA HORNIK ROSEN GREENBERG & BLAHA LLP","amount":112001.84,"date":"2019-06-11","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"LAROCCA HORNIK ROSEN GREENBERG & BLAHA LLP","amount":98605.26,"date":"2020-03-18","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rosen","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","total":566691.8600000001,"count":37,"samples":[{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":35000,"date":"2024-12-18","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MELE BRENGARTH & ASSOCIATES LLC","amount":20854.5,"date":"2017-11-14","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mele","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BERLIN%20ROSEN"]},{"id":"P25_R000608_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"75% of PAC dollars ($4,988,492) come from Party industry","explanation":"Jacky Rosen receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":4988491.69,"share":75.2,"totalPAC":6634754.85,"pacCount":35},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":4988491.69,"share":75.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":920664.0800000001,"share":13.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":388103.81,"share":5.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":153342,"share":2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_R000608_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00744540","name":"BLUE SENATE CANDIDATE FUND","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00878975","name":"SENATE IMPACT PROJECT","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00878116","name":"SCHUMER MAJORITY COMMITTEE","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00873042","name":"THREE FOR THE MAJORITY","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00871442","name":"BOOKER SENATE MAJORITY","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_R000608_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NV D delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROSEN, Jacklyn Sheryl voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":660,"date":"2026-01-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_R000608","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"14% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.1× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 21 disclosed trades, 3 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.1× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":3,"total":21,"rate":14.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":2.08}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_R000608_xb6zmm","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education) both supported ($802,335) and opposed ($6,420) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Jacky Rosen advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00004036","name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","support":802334.75,"oppose":6420,"events":32}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00004036/"]},{"id":"P36_R000608","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 distinct pattern types firing across 26 total findings","explanation":"Jacky Rosen has findings in 14 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":14,"totalFindings":26,"highSeverityCount":12,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_R000608_APC_20190429","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in APC 14 days before SEC action","explanation":"Jacky Rosen sold APC within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2019-04-29","title":"One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Anadarko Petroleum Corp.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24462"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"APC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-15","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24462"]},{"id":"P42_R000608_DELL_20211101","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $DELL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jacky Rosen buy $DELL 5 days after a corporate insider (EMC CORP  (CIK 0000790070)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DELL","filer":"EMC CORP  (CIK 0000790070)","filingDate":"2021-10-27","adsh":"0001123292-21-001410","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000608_DELL_20211101","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DELL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jacky Rosen buy $DELL 1 day before a corporate insider (DELL INC  (CIK 0000826083)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DELL","filer":"DELL INC  (CIK 0000826083)","filingDate":"2021-11-02","adsh":"0001123292-21-001419"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000608_IR_20200229","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $IR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jacky Rosen buy $IR 2 days before a corporate insider (O'Neal William C.  (CIK 0001638226)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IR","filer":"O'Neal William C.  (CIK 0001638226)","filingDate":"2020-03-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-003824"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000608_GE_20230103","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jacky Rosen buy $GE 2 days before a corporate insider (Rott Roland  (CIK 0001952159)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GE","filer":"Rott Roland  (CIK 0001952159)","filingDate":"2023-01-05","adsh":"0000899243-23-001105"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P51_R000608_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $388,103.81","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $388,103.81 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 36.1× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":388103.81,"count":12,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_EVRG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $EVRG — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $EVRG on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $EVRG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EVRG","assetName":"EVRG - Evergy, Inc.","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EVRG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_GE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $GE — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $GE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GE","assetName":"GE - General Electric Company","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-01-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_DELL","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $DELL — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $DELL on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $DELL per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DELL","assetName":"DELL - Dell Technologies Inc","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DELL","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-01"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-02"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_PFE","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PFE — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $PFE on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PFE per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PFE","assetName":"PFE - Pfizer Inc.","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PFE","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_BDX","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $BDX — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $BDX on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $BDX per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BDX","assetName":"BDX - Becton, Dickinson and Company","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BDX","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_DXC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DXC — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $DXC on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DXC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DXC","assetName":"DXC - DXC Technology Company Common Stock Filer comment: Value less than $1,000","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7d592319-ab95-449e-afae-ff9501aa77f2/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DXC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-04-03"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7d592319-ab95-449e-afae-ff9501aa77f2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_IR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IR — also a disclosed holding ($15,001 - $50,000)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $IR on their 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $15,001 - $50,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IR","assetName":"IR - Ingersoll-Rand Plc","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2022","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/775f533e-ee2f-467c-9769-707c67e8d633/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IR","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-29"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/775f533e-ee2f-467c-9769-707c67e8d633/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_LOGM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $LOGM — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $LOGM on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $LOGM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"LOGM","assetName":"LOGM - LogMeIn, Inc. Filer comment: Cash received in lieu of shares due to a Private Equity merger.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a0ba8285-475e-4619-8fce-b4606171ab41/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"LOGM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-02-01"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a0ba8285-475e-4619-8fce-b4606171ab41/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_APC","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $APC — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $APC on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $APC per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"APC","assetName":"APC - Anadarko Petroleum Corporation","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4205325-dda7-4170-817c-c7be10c67769/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"APC","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4205325-dda7-4170-817c-c7be10c67769/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000608_DPS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $DPS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Jacky Rosen disclosed an asset position in $DPS on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $DPS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"DPS","assetName":"DPS - Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4205325-dda7-4170-817c-c7be10c67769/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"DPS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-22"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4205325-dda7-4170-817c-c7be10c67769/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_R000608","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$86K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 40% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Jacky Rosen received $86,228.92 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($34,532.19 = 40%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":86228.92000000001,"oppose":6477.89,"byYear":{"2016":2687.2099999999996,"2018":19358.559999999998,"2024":70661.04000000001},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":34532.19,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":23003.67,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":8878.22,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006184","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION OF J/M & APPR. OF PLUMBING & P/F INDUSTRY","support":7622.13,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006184/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":6477.89,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_R000608","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $520,282.37","explanation":"Jacky Rosen received campaign contributions totaling $520,282.37 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($388,103.81); WE MUST COUNT, A PROJECT OF RESOURCE IMPACT ($76,400); MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO ($42,350); BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION ($13,428.56).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":520282.37,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":388103.81,"exact":true},{"donorName":"SENATE IMPACT PROJECT","ldaClient":"WE MUST COUNT, A PROJECT OF RESOURCE IMPACT","donorTotal":76400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BOOKER SENATE MAJORITY","ldaClient":"MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO","donorTotal":42350,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ANTHEM BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD","ldaClient":"BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":13428.56,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_R000608","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 124 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 124 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): XLE, EVRG, FCNTX, FMIJX, GE, HACAX, ACSTX, KXI, IWD, IAT, JACTX, QQQ, TJX, GDX, VGSTX, … (109 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":124,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["XLE","EVRG","FCNTX","FMIJX","GE","HACAX","ACSTX","KXI","IWD","IAT","JACTX","QQQ","TJX","GDX","VGSTX","VWINX","SNVXX","AVGO","DELL","EVTMX","FAGAX","VAFAX","MSIGX","RSP","GEV"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_R000608_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Finance stock (BAC) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Finance stocks — BAC — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2019). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["BAC"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4205325-dda7-4170-817c-c7be10c67769/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4205325-dda7-4170-817c-c7be10c67769/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P70_R000608","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (General Partner) at Rosen Family Limited Partnership Henderson, NV","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (General Partner) at Rosen Family Limited Partnership Henderson, NV (Partnership); Trustee at Larry and Jacklyn Rosen Family Trust Henderson, NV (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Sep 1996 to present","role":"Other (General Partner)","entity":"Rosen Family Limited Partnership Henderson, NV","entityType":"Partnership"},{"dates":"Sep 1996 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Larry and Jacklyn Rosen Family Trust Henderson, NV","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_R000608_2021","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 9 new ticker holdings in 2021 not present in prior PFD filings — including FAGAX, WTRG, VTRS, PEAK, ITW, IR","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 9 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FAGAX, WTRG, VTRS, PEAK, ITW, IR, INTC, LCEIX, IWO.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2021,"count":9,"newTickers":["FAGAX","WTRG","VTRS","PEAK","ITW","IR","INTC","LCEIX","IWO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a0ba8285-475e-4619-8fce-b4606171ab41/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a0ba8285-475e-4619-8fce-b4606171ab41/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_R000608","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 26 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 49 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jacky Rosen appears in 26 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 49 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 26 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (12); senate pfd holding trade (10); insider front ran trade (3); reg rule trade proximity (2); ie attack target (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":26,"totalFindings":49,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":12},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":10},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000608","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_R000608_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 8 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including CTXS, CS, VTRS, DXC, GILD, BOTZ","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: CTXS, CS, VTRS, DXC, GILD, BOTZ, PEAK, ITW.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":8,"divestedTickers":["CTXS","CS","VTRS","DXC","GILD","BOTZ","PEAK","ITW"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f773ab4e-abed-426c-9c17-95a91cc78412/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f773ab4e-abed-426c-9c17-95a91cc78412/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen discloses 13 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 13 unascertainable, 9% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 13 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 13 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 9% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: IRA Contributory (--) · IRA Rollover #1 (--) · IRA Rollover #2 (--) · Self Employment IRA (SEP) (--) · Larry and Jacklyn Rosen Family Trust (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":13,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":13,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.087,"samples":[{"asset":"IRA Contributory","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA Rollover #1","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA Rollover #2","value":"--"},{"asset":"Self Employment IRA (SEP)","value":"--"},{"asset":"Larry and Jacklyn Rosen Family Trust","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen discloses 4 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: IRA Cash Accounts · Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking · FRESX - Fidelity Real Estate Investment Portfolio · Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":4,"properties":[{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: IRA Cash Accounts","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"FRESX - Fidelity Real Estate Investment Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 PFD: 136 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (91% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 136 reported holdings owned by Spouse (28), Joint (108), or Dependent (0) — 91% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: IRA Contributory · Spouse: XLE - Energy Select Sector SPDR ETF · Spouse: EVRG - Evergy, Inc. · Spouse: FCNTX - Fidelity Contrafund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":28,"Joint":108,"Dependent":0,"Self":13},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.907,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"IRA Contributory","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"XLE - Energy Select Sector SPDR ETF","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"EVRG - Evergy, Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"FCNTX - Fidelity Contrafund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"FMIJX - FMI International","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — VWIAX","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: VWIAX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VWIAX","asset":"VWIAX - Vanguard Wellesley Income Admiral","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_R000608","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen's campaign paid $14,484,737 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: BERLIN ROSEN ($8,589,627)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 54 payments totaling $14,484,737 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BERLIN ROSEN ($8,589,627 across 38 payments, services: MEDIA BUY · DIGITAL ADVERTISING · NON-FEDERAL INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE - DIGITAL ADS). Cycles covered: 2010, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":14484737.239999998,"paymentCount":54,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN","total":8589626.93,"count":38,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","DIGITAL ADVERTISING","NON-FEDERAL INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE - DIGITAL ADS"]},{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN LTD","total":5008776.859999999,"count":13,"descriptions":["VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL","PRINTING AND MAILING GOTV MATERIALS-NOT ATTRIBUTABLE TO ANY FEDERAL CANDIDATE","PRINTING AND MAILING REGISTER TO VOTE CARDS"]},{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN,LTD.","total":678200,"count":1,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL IE - ADVERTISEMENT PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"BERLIN ROSEN, LTD.","total":208133.45,"count":2,"descriptions":["EXEMPT MAIL-TEACHOUT"]}],"surname":"rosen"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S8NV00156&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen (Nevada) discloses 3 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Oregon (3)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen represents Nevada but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Nevada (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Oregon: 3. Sample: Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: IRA Cash Accounts (Oregon) · Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking (Oregon) · Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking (Oregon).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Nevada","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":3,"byState":{"OR":3},"samples":[{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: IRA Cash Accounts","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"OR"},{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$50,001 - $100,000","state":"OR"},{"name":"Wells Fargo (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"OR"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen discloses 3 precious-metal holdings on 2025 PFD — GDX - VanEck Vectors Gold Miners ETF, SLV - iShares Silver Trust","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 precious-metal positions (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: GDX - VanEck Vectors Gold Miners ETF · SLV - iShares Silver Trust · GLD - SPDR 金 ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"holdings":[{"name":"GDX - VanEck Vectors Gold Miners ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"SLV - iShares Silver Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"GLD - SPDR 金 ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Bank,","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.875% (30 years) from Wells Fargo Bank,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.875% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Bank, NA Sioux Falls, SD","incurred":"2019"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P104_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 PFD lists 3 entities bearing the surname \"Rosen\" — top: Rosen Family Limited Partnership Company:","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 3 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Rosen\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Rosen Family Limited Partnership Company: (asset) · Rosen Family Limited Partnership Henderson, (position) · Larry and Jacklyn Rosen Family (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Rosen","count":3,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Rosen Family Limited Partnership Company: Rosen Family Limited Partnership (Henderson, NV) Descripti","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)"},{"source":"position","entry":"Rosen Family Limited Partnership Henderson, NV","position":"Other (General Partner)"},{"source":"position","entry":"Larry and Jacklyn Rosen Family Trust Henderson, NV","position":"Trustee"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 25 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — PFE ($29.0M), AMZN ($24.9M), FDX ($21.4M)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 25 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $213.3M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: PFE ($29.0M, 45 filings) · AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · FDX ($21.4M, 53 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · AMGN ($18.2M, 60 filings) · VZ ($15.7M, 73 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":25,"totalLobbyAcrossM":213.35,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","totalLobby":28960000,"recordCount":45,"topClient":"PFIZER INC."},{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"FDX","totalLobby":21421000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"FEDEX CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"AMGN","totalLobby":18160000,"recordCount":60,"topClient":"AMGEN INC."},{"ticker":"VZ","totalLobby":15650000,"recordCount":73,"topClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"GILD","totalLobby":10812000,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF GILEAD SCIENCES INC."},{"ticker":"AFL","totalLobby":9664000,"recordCount":35,"topClient":"AFLAC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 3 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), GE (4,401), BAC (2,063)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 17,359 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · GE (4,401 patents) · BAC (2,063 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"totalPatents":17359,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"GE","patentCount":4401,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BAC","patentCount":2063,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 2 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $191M) — top: PFE ($187.6M), GE ($3.3M)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $191M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: PFE ($187.6M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · GE ($3.3M, 4 contracts, Department of Justice).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalContractValueM":190.88,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","total":187561181.57,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"GE","total":3321853.0300000003,"count":4,"agencies":["Department of Justice","Department of Homeland Security","Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-03-27"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_R000608","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($9.8M total receipts) — top: JACKY ROSEN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Jacky Rosen appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $9.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: JACKY ROSEN VICTORY FUND (C00772517, $6.7M receipts, treasurer MELE, STEVEN). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":9.82,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00772517","name":"JACKY ROSEN VICTORY FUND","receipts":6669981.65,"treasurer":"MELE, STEVEN","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772517/"},{"committeeId":"C00624338","name":"ROSEN VICTORY FUND","receipts":3154343.58,"treasurer":"MAY, JENNIFER","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00624338/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772517/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00772517/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P114_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — AMZN, AAPL","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: AMZN ($250,001 - $500,000) · AAPL ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc.","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc.","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P118_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 2 insurance tickers on 2025 PFD — TRV, AFL","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: TRV ($15,001 - $50,000) · AFL ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TRV","asset":"TRV - The Travelers Companies, Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AFL","asset":"AFL - Aflac Incorporated","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 3 telecom/cable tickers on 2025 PFD — T, WBD, VZ","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: T ($1,001 - $15,000) · WBD (None (or less than $1,001)) · VZ ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"T","asset":"T - AT&T Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"WBD","asset":"WBD - Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. - Series A Common Sto Filer comment: Value le","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"VZ","asset":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 2 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — BAC, FITB","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: BAC ($15,001 - $50,000) · FITB ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BAC","asset":"BAC - Bank of America Corporation","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"FITB","asset":"FITB - Fifth Third Bancorp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 2 oil/gas tickers on 2025 PFD — APA, ENB","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: APA ($1,001 - $15,000) · ENB ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"APA","asset":"APA - Apache Corporation","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ENB","asset":"ENB - Enbridge Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 3 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — PFE, AMGN, GILD","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: PFE ($15,001 - $50,000) · AMGN ($15,001 - $50,000) · GILD ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","asset":"PFE - Pfizer Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AMGN","asset":"AMGN - Amgen Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GILD","asset":"GILD - Gilead Sciences, Inc.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P126_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 3 publicly-traded REIT tickers on 2025 PFD — AGNC, NLY, DLR","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holdings — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: AGNC ($1,001 - $15,000) · NLY ($1,001 - $15,000) · DLR ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AGNC","asset":"AGNC - AGNC Investment Corp.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NLY","asset":"NLY - Annaly Capital Management, Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DLR","asset":"DLR - Digital Realty Trust, Inc.","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P129_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P129_PFD_MINING_METALS_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 1 mining/metals ticker on 2025 PFD — SCCO","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in mining or metals companies — copper (Freeport-McMoRan FCX), gold/silver (Newmont NEM, Barrick GOLD, Pan American PAAS), steel (Nucor NUE, Steel Dynamics STLD, US Steel X, Cleveland-Cliffs CLF), aluminum (Alcoa AA), or critical-minerals / rare-earths (MP Materials MP, Albemarle ALB, Lithium Americas LAC). Mining-stock prices respond directly to tariff decisions, Defense Production Act allocations, and IRA domestic-sourcing rules. Holdings: SCCO ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_mining_metals","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"SCCO","asset":"SCCO - Southern Copper Corporation","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onMiningCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.blm.gov/programs/energy-and-minerals/mining-and-minerals"]},{"id":"P131_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 PFD lists 102 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 102 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): XLE, EVRG, FCNTX, FMIJX, GE, HACAX, ACSTX, KXI, IWD, IAT.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":102,"sampleTickers":["XLE","EVRG","FCNTX","FMIJX","GE","HACAX","ACSTX","KXI","IWD","IAT","JACTX","QQQ","TJX","GDX","VGSTX","VWINX","SNVXX","AVGO","DELL","EVTMX","FAGAX","VAFAX","MSIGX","RSP","GEV","FHYTX","GEHC","SNSXX","FEQIX","FMAGX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_R000608","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen's earliest disclosed PFD (2019) shows $10.8M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2019) shows total assets of $10.8M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 204; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2019","totalAssetMid":10761642,"assetCount":204,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4205325-dda7-4170-817c-c7be10c67769/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b4205325-dda7-4170-817c-c7be10c67769/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_R000608","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $159M across 8 cycles","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's FEC-bulk record shows $159.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 8 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":159.27,"cycleCount":8,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8NV00156"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NV00156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_R000608","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen's PAC funding concentrates 67% in Finance ($0.39M / $0.58M classified)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's PAC donors concentrate 67% in the Finance industry — $0.39M of $0.58M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.39M · Labor $0.15M · Ideological $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.39,"totalPacAmountM":0.58,"concentrationPct":67.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.39,"Labor":0.15,"Ideological":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NV00156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_R000608","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen triggers 26 HIGH-severity findings across 53 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jacky Rosen accumulates 26 HIGH-severity findings across 53 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":26,"distinctDetectorTypes":53}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_R000608","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jacky Rosen triggers 54 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Jacky Rosen accumulates findings across 54 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 54 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":54,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P14","P15","P17","P18","P19","P25","P27","P29","P32","P35","P36","P40","P42","P43","P51","P53","P58","P61","P63","P64","P70","P74","P78","P79","P83","P84"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P159_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen holds 1 non-US-domiciled stock on 2025 PFD across 1 country — ENB (Canada)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 1 country (Canada). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: ENB (Canada, $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":1,"countries":["Canada"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"ENB","country":"Canada","asset":"ENB - Enbridge Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P172_NV_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"NV delegation: Jacky Rosen & Catherine Cortez Masto both flagged on 11 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NV — Jacky Rosen and Catherine Cortez Masto — are flagged on the same 11 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P14, P15, P29, P36, P61.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NV","otherSenatorBid":"C001113","otherSenatorName":"Catherine Cortez Masto","sharedDetectorCount":11,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P14","P15","P29","P36","P61","P70","P109","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000608","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001113"]},{"id":"P192_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_R000608_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacky Rosen — 128 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Jacky Rosen's 2025 Senate PFD shows 128 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":128,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2577a5e3-3487-4855-9bb0-2ba64f7c98f7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_R000608","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jacky Rosen — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($79.6M)","explanation":"Jacky Rosen is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $79.6M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":79635921,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NV00156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000614":[{"id":"P6_R000614_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$998,969 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $998,969 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 57 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":998969.3000000003,"oppose":0,"events":57}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_R000614_uv90or","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$528,828 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Freedom Fund (also direct donor)","explanation":"House Freedom Fund spent $528,828 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 284 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00552851","name":"House Freedom Fund","support":528827.7600000001,"oppose":0,"events":284},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM FUND- EARMARKS","total":42183}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552851/"]},{"id":"P6_R000614_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$431,349 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $431,349 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 46 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":431349.37000000005,"oppose":0,"events":46}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_R000614_t2osw2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $13,143,933 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $13,143,933 opposing this member across 598 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":13143932.659999998,"totalSupport":2648048.8399999994,"events":598,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DSCC","oppose":7332414.45},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":3266348.3699999996},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1647694.32},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":507020.81},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":188213.68}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_R000614_8gt5op","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $9,360,913 in itemized individual contributions, $5,890,223 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":9360913,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-93912,"$200.01-$499":797596,"$500-$999":978305,"$1000-$1999":1788701,"$2000 and over":5890223},"megaShare":62.9,"smallDonorShare":-1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_R000614_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12551 employees of RETIRED gave $2,147,857 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 12551× RETIRED = $2,147,857. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":12551,"total":2147857,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","3312"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000614_v4q00w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$160,506 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $160,506 across 264 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,064.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2020-09-30","amount":160506,"count":264,"baseline":21064,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_ggfjq0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,550 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 14.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $90,550 across 54 contributions — 14.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,396.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2021-03-31","amount":90550,"count":54,"baseline":6396,"ratio":14.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_s897tb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,502 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $69,502 across 45 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,516.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2017-12-31","amount":69502,"count":45,"baseline":7516,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_ggbpsv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,890 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $68,890 across 63 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,710.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2021-09-30","amount":68890,"count":63,"baseline":5710,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_v4rwzh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,158 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $65,158 across 124 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,243.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2020-06-30","amount":65158,"count":124,"baseline":7243,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_14070x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,400 donation spike on 2019-03-31 — 14.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-31 this committee recorded $62,400 across 52 contributions — 14.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,209.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2019-03-31","amount":62400,"count":52,"baseline":4209,"ratio":14.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_dka9ao","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,175 donation spike on 2018-09-26 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-26 this committee recorded $59,175 across 47 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,008.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2018-09-26","amount":59175,"count":47,"baseline":8008,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_v4ugz9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,461 donation spike on 2020-02-12 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-12 this committee recorded $58,461 across 55 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,049.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2020-02-12","amount":58461,"count":55,"baseline":5049,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_cwd0ni","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,150 donation spike on 2023-03-02 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-02 this committee recorded $56,150 across 23 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,601.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2023-03-02","amount":56150,"count":23,"baseline":5601,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_srygui","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,920 donation spike on 2025-03-19 — 15× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-19 this committee recorded $54,920 across 13 contributions — 15× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,663.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662767","date":"2025-03-19","amount":54920,"count":13,"baseline":3663,"ratio":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/"]},{"id":"P15_R000614_tcmwux","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,050 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $56,050 across 37 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,846.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00712968","date":"2019-09-30","amount":56050,"count":37,"baseline":5846,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00712968/"]},{"id":"P18_R000614_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Chip Roy executed 4 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2024-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2024-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2024-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2024-04-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Indian Island, Port Townsend Bay, WA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-03-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Indian Island, Port Townsend Bay, WA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-03-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_R000614_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of PAC dollars ($633,115) come from Party industry","explanation":"Chip Roy receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":633115.24,"share":92.4,"totalPAC":685298.24,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":633115.24,"share":92.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":52183,"share":7.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_R000614_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROY, Charles voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":21,"peerNay":3,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":10,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000614","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Chip Roy has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_R000614","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $90,550 on 2021-03-31 (14.2× normal)","explanation":"Chip Roy's campaign committee received 6 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $90,550 on 2021-03-31 — 14.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":6,"totalSpikeDollars":391371,"maxRatio":15,"maxAmount":90550},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-31","amount":90550,"ratio":14.2,"baselineDaily":6396,"count":54,"cmteId":"C00662767","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00662767&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-09-30","amount":68890,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":5710,"count":63,"cmteId":"C00662767","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00662767&min_date=2021-09-30&max_date=2021-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-03-31","amount":62400,"ratio":14.8,"baselineDaily":4209,"count":52,"cmteId":"C00662767","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00662767&min_date=2019-03-31&max_date=2019-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-02-12","amount":58461,"ratio":11.6,"baselineDaily":5049,"count":55,"cmteId":"C00662767","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00662767&min_date=2020-02-12&max_date=2020-02-12"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-03-02","amount":56150,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":5601,"count":23,"cmteId":"C00662767","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00662767&min_date=2023-03-02&max_date=2023-03-02"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662767/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00662767&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"]},{"id":"P78_R000614","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Chip Roy appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (11); ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); mega donor dependency (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":11},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000614","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_R000614","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chip Roy named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Chip Roy appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Chip Roy","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-chip/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-chip/"]},{"id":"P140_R000614","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chip Roy disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL AESI $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Chip Roy has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL AESI $100,001 - $250,000 on 2024-05-20 · SELL AESI $250,001 - $500,000 on 2024-03-12.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":350002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"AESI","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AESI","action":"SELL","date":"2024-03-12","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"H001093":[{"id":"P6_H001093_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$692,863 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $692,863 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":692863.06,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P11_H001093_y219na","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $1,565,117 in itemized individual contributions, $999,906 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1565117,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-120611,"$200.01-$499":92124,"$500-$999":195215,"$1000-$1999":398483,"$2000 and over":999906},"megaShare":63.9,"smallDonorShare":-7.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001093_7qpvyh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Erin Houchin campaign paid $985,703 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: HUNT, WOODY","explanation":"Erin Houchin's campaign paid 10 disbursements totaling $985,703 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUNT, WOODY","total":375000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUNT, WOODY","amount":375000,"date":"2020-04-10","description":"REFUND IS FOR CONTRIBUTION IN 2019 AND 2020. SEE MEMO.","surnameMatched":"hunt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUNT, RAY","total":163940,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUNT, RAY","amount":163940,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"hunt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUNT, NANCY","total":117100,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUNT, NANCY","amount":117100,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"hunt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUNT, MAGGIE","total":112500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUNT, MAGGIE","amount":112500,"date":"2024-09-03","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"hunt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUNT-SCOTT, SHANNON ELIZABETH","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUNT-SCOTT, SHANNON ELIZABETH","amount":50000,"date":"2026-03-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND INITIATED 3/13/26","surnameMatched":"hunt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUNT, WOODY L","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUNT, WOODY L","amount":50000,"date":"2019-09-24","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"hunt","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUNT"]},{"id":"P109_H001093","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Erin Houchin named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.5M total receipts) — top: HOUCHIN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Erin Houchin appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HOUCHIN VICTORY FUND (C00818062, $1.5M receipts, treasurer CROSS, MIKE). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.51,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00818062","name":"HOUCHIN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1509449.71,"treasurer":"CROSS, MIKE","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00818062/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00818062/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00818062/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_H001093","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Erin Houchin draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.6M PAC / $10.1M total)","explanation":"Erin Houchin's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.6M of $10.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.6,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.14,"pacSharePct":45.3,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H6IN09143"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IN09143/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000831":[{"id":"P6_W000831_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,012,792 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $1,012,792 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":1012792,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_W000831_uup8s7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$353,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LATINO VICTORY FUND","explanation":"LATINO VICTORY FUND spent $353,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00562777","name":"LATINO VICTORY FUND","support":353000,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00562777/"]},{"id":"P138_W000831","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Walkinshaw draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.5M PAC / $4.6M total)","explanation":"James Walkinshaw's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.5M of $4.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.56,"pacSharePct":33.1,"cycleCount":2,"fecId":"H6VA11066"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6VA11066/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"J000298":[{"id":"P6_J000298_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$468,556 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $468,556 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":468555.69999999984,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P9_J000298_ro89oz","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$15,832 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $15,832 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: WASHINGTON EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":15831.900000000001,"oppose":0,"net":15831.900000000001,"events":2,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001003","name":"WASHINGTON EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":15831.900000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_J000298_tra0s7","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $14,916,730 / spent $11,570,059","explanation":"This member sponsors 11 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00629576","cmteName":"BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":20000,"totalDisbursements":790,"cashOnHand":19210},{"cmteId":"C00629576","cmteName":"BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":168200,"totalDisbursements":165831.7,"cashOnHand":21578.29},{"cmteId":"C00685552","cmteName":"MEDICARE FOR ALL","year":"2018","totalReceipts":59165.3,"totalDisbursements":24161.9,"cashOnHand":35003.34},{"cmteId":"C00629576","cmteName":"BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":273970,"totalDisbursements":97974.2,"cashOnHand":197574.1},{"cmteId":"C00685552","cmteName":"MEDICARE FOR ALL","year":"2020","totalReceipts":2195545.4,"totalDisbursements":1305893.6,"cashOnHand":924578.75}],"totalRaised":14916729.5,"totalSpent":11570058.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_J000298_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"94295 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,691,583 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 94295× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,691,583. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":94295,"total":1691583,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000298_2f51sx","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pramila Jayapal campaign paid $109,406 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: SOLIEN, STEPHANIE","explanation":"Pramila Jayapal's campaign paid 18 disbursements totaling $109,406 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SOLIEN, STEPHANIE","total":24300,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SOLIEN, STEPHANIE","amount":24300,"date":"2016-07-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"solien","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MONTOYA, ENZO","total":19603.02,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MONTOYA, ENZO","amount":11418.18,"date":"2024-12-06","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MONTOYA, ENZO","amount":8184.84,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"PEOPLE CENTER 12/19D: SALARY","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"REGINA MONTOYA FOR MAYOR","total":13500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA FOR MAYOR","amount":5000,"date":"2019-02-28","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA FOR MAYOR","amount":5000,"date":"2019-04-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA FOR MAYOR","amount":3500,"date":"2019-04-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"REGINA MONTOYA COGGINS FOR CONGRES","total":10000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA COGGINS FOR CONGRES","amount":5000,"date":"2000-11-03","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2000},{"payee":"REGINA MONTOYA COGGINS FOR CONGRES","amount":5000,"date":"2000-03-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2000}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RODRIGUEZ MONTOYA, EVELIA","total":7724.82,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ MONTOYA, EVELIA","amount":4179.33,"date":"2020-03-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RODRIGUEZ MONTOYA, EVELIA","amount":3545.49,"date":"2020-04-14","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MONTOYA, MICHAEL","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MONTOYA, MICHAEL","amount":5000,"date":"2020-12-30","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"montoya","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SOLIEN"]},{"id":"P47_J000298_International_Union_of_Painter_118767","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"International Union of Painters and Allied Trades testified before House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Pramila Jayapal sits on House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement, which on 2025-12-17 held a hearing titled \"“The Impacts of Temporary Protected Status”\". The witness Mr. James Williams (International Union of Painters and Allied Trades) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement","eventId":"118767","title":"“The Impacts of Temporary Protected Status”","date":"2025-12-17T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Williams","witnessOrg":"International Union of Painters and Allied Trades","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118767"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTL%20UNION%20OF%20BRICKLAYERS%20%26%20ALLIED%20CRAFTWORKERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118767","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTL%20UNION%20OF%20BRICKLAYERS%20%26%20ALLIED%20CRAFTWORKERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_J000298","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $96,600","explanation":"Pramila Jayapal received campaign contributions totaling $96,600 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTW ($10,000); ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM ($10,000); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":96600,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"INTL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM)","ldaClient":"ALAMEDA COUNTY ASSOCIATED COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_J000298","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pramila Jayapal named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Pramila Jayapal appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairwoman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regard.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairwoman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Pramila Jayapal","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairwoman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-20/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairwoman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-20/"]},{"id":"P148_J000298","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pramila Jayapal's PAC funding concentrates 57% in Technology ($0.11M / $0.20M classified)","explanation":"Pramila Jayapal's PAC donors concentrate 57% in the Technology industry — $0.11M of $0.20M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.11M · Labor $0.03M · Defense $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.11,"totalPacAmountM":0.2,"concentrationPct":57.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.11,"Labor":0.03,"Defense":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WA07458/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P151_J000298","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pramila Jayapal operates leadership PACs with $14.9M lifetime receipts (6 cycles) — top: BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC","explanation":"Pramila Jayapal operates 2 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $14.9M and disbursements of $11.6M across 6 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC (C00629576). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":14.92,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":11.57,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00629576","cmteName":"BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00685552","cmteName":"MEDICARE FOR ALL"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629576/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_J000298","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pramila Jayapal operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($14.9M combined receipts)","explanation":"Pramila Jayapal operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $14.9M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC (C00629576) · MEDICARE FOR ALL (C00685552).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.92,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00629576","cmteName":"BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00685552","cmteName":"MEDICARE FOR ALL"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629576/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00685552/"]},{"id":"P153_J000298","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pramila Jayapal's leadership PACs disbursed $11.6M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Pramila Jayapal's leadership PACs disbursed $11.6M across 6 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC (C00629576).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":11.57,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00629576","cmteName":"BUILD OUR MOVEMENT PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629576/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]}],"M001242":[{"id":"P6_M001242_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$40,134,930 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $40,134,930 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":40134929.71,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$13,345,300 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $13,345,300 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 136 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":13345300.420000004,"oppose":0,"events":136}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$6,938,927 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Leadership Fund","explanation":"Senate Leadership Fund spent $6,938,927 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":6938926.82,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_tic410","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,010,042 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Sentinel Action Fund","explanation":"The Sentinel Action Fund spent $3,010,042 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 30 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00811166","name":"The Sentinel Action Fund","support":3010041.6299999994,"oppose":0,"events":30}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00811166/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,565,460 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $2,565,460 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":2565459.5800000005,"oppose":0,"events":26}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_uwdwk8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$876,575 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Speak Out PAC","explanation":"Women Speak Out PAC spent $876,575 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00530766","name":"Women Speak Out PAC","support":876574.59,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00530766/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$775,629 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $775,629 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 202 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":775629.3900000004,"oppose":0,"events":202}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_x8gjw8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$617,879 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA PO","explanation":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA POLITICAL VICTORY FUND spent $617,879 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 39 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00053553","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA POLITICAL VICTORY FUND","support":617878.62,"oppose":0,"events":39}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00053553/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_tee7w7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$460,700 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FRECKA PAC","explanation":"FRECKA PAC spent $460,700 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00886804","name":"FRECKA PAC","support":460700,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00886804/"]},{"id":"P6_M001242_uf9q74","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$271,678 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","explanation":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC spent $271,678 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00634774","name":"COMMON SENSE FOR AMERICA PAC","support":271678.49,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634774/"]},{"id":"P7_M001242_rfimct","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $85,917,913 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $85,917,913 opposing this member across 747 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":85917913.27,"totalSupport":70022304.20999996,"events":747,"topAttackers":[{"name":"WinSenate","oppose":72266921.99},{"name":"BUCKEYE LEADERSHIP FUND","oppose":3768159.4899999998},{"name":"Duty and Country","oppose":3193055},{"name":"Leadership for Ohio Fund","oppose":2229013.12},{"name":"EDF Action Votes","oppose":1501725.5}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001242_3y3ba6","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$35,124 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $35,124 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC DBA SUSAN B ANTHONY PRO-LIFE AMERICA.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":36270.81,"oppose":1146.46,"net":35124.35,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC DBA SUSAN B ANTHONY PRO-LIFE AMERICA","support":36270.81,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":1146.46,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001242_emuzit","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,027,247 / spent $822,562","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00863373","cmteName":"BEST AT BRINGING ENTREPRENEURIAL RESULTS NEVER IMAGINED OR ENVISIONED PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":185054.1,"totalDisbursements":93445.8,"cashOnHand":91608.31},{"cmteId":"C00863373","cmteName":"BEST AT BRINGING ENTREPRENEURIAL RESULTS NEVER IMAGINED OR ENVISIONED PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":842192.9,"totalDisbursements":729115.9,"cashOnHand":204685.33}],"totalRaised":1027247,"totalSpent":822561.7000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001242_8u45m4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"88% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -16%)","explanation":"Of $15,809,058 in itemized individual contributions, $13,933,654 (88%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":15809058,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-2587598,"$200.01-$499":857115,"$500-$999":1202252,"$1000-$1999":2403635,"$2000 and over":13933654},"megaShare":88.1,"smallDonorShare":-16.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001242_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25968 employees of NONE gave $4,340,766 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 25968× NONE = $4,340,766. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":25968,"total":4340766,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001242_7zrk5x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$723,300 donation spike on 2022-02-08 — 52.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-08 this committee recorded $723,300 across 260 contributions — 52.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,715.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775585","date":"2022-02-08","amount":723300,"count":260,"baseline":13715,"ratio":52.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775585/"]},{"id":"P15_M001242_mo3adh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$252,650 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $252,650 across 143 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,726.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775585","date":"2021-06-30","amount":252650,"count":143,"baseline":28726,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775585/"]},{"id":"P15_M001242_mo4kcj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$221,200 donation spike on 2021-04-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-30 this committee recorded $221,200 across 92 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $32,824.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00775585","date":"2021-04-30","amount":221200,"count":92,"baseline":32824,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775585/"]},{"id":"P15_M001242_clrqof","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$166,712 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $166,712 across 148 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,817.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00837484","date":"2023-09-30","amount":166712,"count":148,"baseline":26817,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00837484/"]},{"id":"P15_M001242_clrqp3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,327 donation spike on 2023-09-27 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-27 this committee recorded $101,327 across 85 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,975.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00837484","date":"2023-09-27","amount":101327,"count":85,"baseline":15975,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00837484/"]},{"id":"P19_M001242_6xcsgj","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno campaign paid $906,011 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's campaign paid 98 disbursements totaling $906,011 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","total":180310.8,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","amount":50310.8,"date":"2022-03-17","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","amount":40000,"date":"2022-04-27","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2022-02-11","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NYEMASTER GOODE PC","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NYEMASTER GOODE PC","amount":50000,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","total":44000,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":10000,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"NONFEDERAL: CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2017-09-06","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-08","description":"VA STATE LEVEL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","total":42500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-06-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":5000,"date":"2006-03-15","description":"CONSULTING - POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VIRGINIANS%20FOR%20JERRY%20KILGORE"]},{"id":"P29_M001242_7pl5zg","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 23 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MORENO, Bernardo (Bernie) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 23 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":678,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To prevent the deferral or rescission of appropriations within 90 days of their "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To eliminate funding for refugee and entrant assistance."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2026-01-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2026-01-27","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require institutions of higher education to disseminate information on"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_M001242_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $70,022,304 supporting member — 2.4× their own $29,198,389 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 2.4×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":70022304.20999996,"events":747},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":29198389},{"source":"ratio","ratio":2.4},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"WinSenate","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":40134929.71},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":13345300.420000004}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001242","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 23 total findings","explanation":"Bernie Moreno has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":23,"highSeverityCount":13,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_M001242","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $723,300 on 2022-02-08 (52.7× normal)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $723,300 on 2022-02-08 — 52.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":723300,"maxRatio":52.7,"maxAmount":723300},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-02-08","amount":723300,"ratio":52.7,"baselineDaily":13715,"count":260,"cmteId":"C00775585","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00775585&min_date=2022-02-08&max_date=2022-02-08"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00775585/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00775585&min_date=2022-02-08&max_date=2022-02-08"]},{"id":"P68_M001242","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 43 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$66.6M","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 43 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $66,582,512. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Residential Real Estate Description: Hom (Real Estate Residential, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Condo Description: Condo (Coconut Grove, (Real Estate Residential, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Commercial Real Estate Description: Buil (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); AutoTech Fund II, LP Company: AutoTech F (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Narya Capital Fund, LP Company: Narya Ca (Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP), $1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":43,"totalEstMidpoint":66582512,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Residential Real Estate Description: Home in Ocean Reef, FL (Ocean Reef, Florida) Filer comment: Valuation reflects the total value of the asset. Filer owns 43%.","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"},{"name":"Condo Description: Condo (Coconut Grove, Florida) Filer comment: Valuation reflects the total value of the asset. Filer owns 1%.","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Building & Land (Middleburg Heights, Ohio) Filer comment: Valuation reflects the total value of the asset. Filer owns 50%.","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"},{"name":"AutoTech Fund II, LP Company: AutoTech Fund II, LP (Cleveland, Ohio) Description: Venture Capital Fund that invests in the automotive sector","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"},{"name":"Narya Capital Fund, LP Company: Narya Capital Fund, LP (Cleveland, Ohio) Description: Venture Capital Fund Focused in Technology","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_M001242","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $7.1M in personal liabilities (5% leverage of assets) — 5 liability items","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $7,125,002 in personal liabilities against $139,686,134 in assets — a 5.1% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $7.1M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":7125002,"totalAssetMid":139686134,"leverageRatio":5.1,"liabCount":5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2021 · Self · Mortgage · None · 3.875%% (7 years) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · CF Bank Middleburg Heights, Ohio · Held by M6 Realty, LLC. (Asset: commercial real estate)"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2018 · Joint · Mortgage · None · 2.85%% (15 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Key Bank Brooklyn, Ohio · Mortgage on primary residence in Westlake, Ohio"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"3 · 2022 · Self · Home Equity Line of Credit · - · 4.75% (On demand) · $250,001 - $500,000 · CF Bank Beachwood, Ohio · Home equity line of credit. Current balance is $0."},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"4 · 2023 · Self · Mortgage · None · 7.25% (20 years) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Fort Worth, Texas · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_M001242","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 29 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Chairman of the Board) at Dryver LLC Westlake, OH","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 29 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Chairman of the Board) at Dryver LLC Westlake, OH (Company); Officer at Bernie Moreno Companies Westlake, Ohio (Corporation); Other (Manager) at Butterfly Properties NYC, LLC Westlake, Ohio (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":29,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Dec 2009 to Mar 2024","role":"Other (Chairman of the Board)","entity":"Dryver LLC Westlake, OH","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Feb 2008 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Bernie Moreno Companies Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"May 2019 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Butterfly Properties NYC, LLC Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Jan 2018 to Dec 2024","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Drive Options, LLC Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Nov 2018 to present","role":"Other (Manager/Member)","entity":"Hyperbole Investments II, LLC Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"May 2018 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Hyperbole Investments, LLC Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Oct 2017 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Live More, LLC Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Feb 2013 to Dec 2024","role":"Director","entity":"M Motors Group, Inc. Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Corporation"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_M001242_2023","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 13 new ticker holdings in 2023 not present in prior PFD filings — including FEZ, SPYG, SPYD, SLYG, SLYV, MDY","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 13 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FEZ, SPYG, SPYD, SLYG, SLYV, MDY, XLU, UPRMM, MBXIX, SSBYX, ABIMX, ATEYX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2023,"count":13,"newTickers":["FEZ","SPYG","SPYD","SLYG","SLYV","MDY","XLU","UPRMM","MBXIX","SSBYX","ABIMX","ATEYX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1027bea9-5dbb-499c-a37a-e90b9d74e2d7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1027bea9-5dbb-499c-a37a-e90b9d74e2d7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_M001242","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 4 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: Israel","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 4 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Israel. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Israel → iAngels Ingenuity Fund, LP Company: iAngles Ingenuity Fund, LP (Tel Aviv, Israel ($500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":4,"countries":["Israel"],"byCountry":{"Israel":[{"assetName":"iAngels Ingenuity Fund, LP Company: iAngles Ingenuity Fund, LP (Tel Aviv, Israel","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"assetName":"iAngels Technologies, LP Company: iAngels Technologies, LP (Tel Aviv, Israel) De","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"assetName":"eToro Company: eToro (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Social media trading platfo","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"assetName":"Immunai Company: Immunai (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Healthcare artificial i","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001242","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 17 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bernie Moreno appears in 17 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 17 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (10); daily donation spike (5); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":17,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001242","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P81_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernie Moreno discloses 3 private-company / restricted stock positions — eToro Company: eToro (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Social media trading platfo…","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 3 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 3 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: eToro Company: eToro (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Social  · Immunai Company: Immunai (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Hea.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":3,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"eToro Company: eToro (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Social media trading platform","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"Immunai Company: Immunai (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Healthcare artificial intelligence","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"asset":"M Motors Group, Inc. Company: M Motors Group, Inc. (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Retail Automotive Transportation Filer comment: This entity","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno discloses 45 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (5 top-bracket + 40 unascertainable, 42% of 108 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 45 opaque-value entries (5 top-bracket, 40 unascertainable) across 108 total reported assets — 42% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Bernardo Moreno Revocable Trust Dated July 2008 (--) · Sanford C Bernstein & Co, LLC (--) · M Realty Group, LLC Company: M Realty Group, LLC (Westlake, OH) Description: Real Estate Holding Com (--) · M6 Realty, LLC Company: M6 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Real Estate Holding Company (--) · M7 Realty, LLC Company: M7 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Real Estate Holding Company (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":45,"topBracketCount":5,"unascertCount":40,"totalAssets":108,"opaqueRatio":0.417,"samples":[{"asset":"Bernardo Moreno Revocable Trust Dated July 2008","value":"--"},{"asset":"Sanford C Bernstein & Co, LLC","value":"--"},{"asset":"M Realty Group, LLC Company: M Realty Group, LLC (Westlake, OH) Description: Real Estate Holding Com","value":"--"},{"asset":"M6 Realty, LLC Company: M6 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Real Estate Holding Company","value":"--"},{"asset":"M7 Realty, LLC Company: M7 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Real Estate Holding Company","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno discloses 58 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 58 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: M Realty Group, LLC Company: M Realty Group, LLC (Westlake,  · M6 Realty, LLC Company: M6 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Desc · Commercial Real Estate Description: Building & Land (Middleb · M7 Realty, LLC Company: M7 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Desc.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":58,"properties":[{"name":"M Realty Group, LLC Company: M Realty Group, LLC (Westlake, OH) Description: Real Estate Holding Company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"M6 Realty, LLC Company: M6 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Real Estate Holding Company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Building & Land (Middleburg Heights, Ohio) Filer comment: Valuation reflec","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"M7 Realty, LLC Company: M7 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Real Estate Holding Company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Empty land (Hudson, Ohio) Filer comment: Valuation reflects the total valu","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"M20 Realty LLC Company: M20 Realty LLC (Sunbury, Ohio) Description: Real Estate Holding Company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Unimproved Land Description: Unimproved Land (Sunbury, Ohio) Filer comment: Valuation reflects the total value","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"name":"Moreno Family Land Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno discloses 10 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 10 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: AllianceBernstein Securitized Asset Fund (Delaware) LP CL B  · iAngels Ingenuity Fund, LP Company: iAngles Ingenuity Fund,  · iAngels Technologies, LP Company: iAngels Technologies, LP ( · AutoTech Fund II, LP Company: AutoTech Fund II, LP (Clevelan.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":10,"holdings":[{"name":"AllianceBernstein Securitized Asset Fund (Delaware) LP CL B Description : Securitized Asset Fund (New York Cit","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"iAngels Ingenuity Fund, LP Company: iAngles Ingenuity Fund, LP (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Venture Capital","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"iAngels Technologies, LP Company: iAngels Technologies, LP (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Venture Capital Fun","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"AutoTech Fund II, LP Company: AutoTech Fund II, LP (Cleveland, Ohio) Description: Venture Capital Fund that in","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Narya Capital Fund, LP Company: Narya Capital Fund, LP (Cleveland, Ohio) Description: Venture Capital Fund Foc","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"The Moreno Family, L.P. Company: The Moreno Family, L.P. (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Family Holding Company","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Yellowstone Housing Opportunities Fund III, LP Description : Private Equity Fund (San Francisco, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Fund 0 A Series of Comeback Capital, LP Company: Comeback Capital (Cleveland, OH) Description: Venture Capital","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 PFD: 29 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (27% of 109 reported assets)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 29 reported holdings owned by Spouse (29), Joint (0), or Dependent (0) — 27% of 109 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Bridget Moreno Revocable Trust dated July 10, 2008 · Spouse: KeyBank National Association (Westlake, Ohio) Type: Checking, Savings · Spouse: M Realty Group, LLC Company: M Realty Group, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: R · Spouse: M6 Realty, LLC Company: M6 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Real Estate.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":29,"Joint":0,"Dependent":0,"Self":79},"totalAssets":109,"familyShare":0.266,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Bridget Moreno Revocable Trust dated July 10, 2008","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"KeyBank National Association (Westlake, Ohio) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"M Realty Group, LLC Company: M Realty Group, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: R","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"M6 Realty, LLC Company: M6 Realty, LLC (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Real Estate","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Building & Land (Middleburg Heights, Ohio) F","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 PFD: 21 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 21 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":21,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"AllianceBernstein Securitized Asset Fund (Delaware) LP CL B Description : Securitized Asset Fund (Ne","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Building & Land (Middleburg Heights, Ohio) Filer comment: Valuat","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Unimproved Land Description: Unimproved Land (Sunbury, Ohio) Filer comment: Valuation reflects the t","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Residential Real Estate Description: Home in Ocean Reef, FL (Ocean Reef, Florida) Filer comment: Val","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"AutoTech Fund II, LP Company: AutoTech Fund II, LP (Cleveland, Ohio) Description: Venture Capital Fu","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Narya Capital Fund, LP Company: Narya Capital Fund, LP (Cleveland, Ohio) Description: Venture Capita","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Residential Real Estate Description: Eastchester, NY Single Family Home (Eastchester, New York) File","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Jeevz DAC LLC Company: Jeevz DAC LLC (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) Description: Driving Services Filer ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_M001242","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno's campaign paid $1,699,938 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: TEAM MORENO ($1,699,938)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 34 payments totaling $1,699,938 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TEAM MORENO ($1,699,938 across 34 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION · EARMARKED DONATIONS · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM RON LEONHARDT). Cycles covered: 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1699937.5399999993,"paymentCount":34,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TEAM MORENO","total":1699937.5399999993,"count":34,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","EARMARKED DONATIONS","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM RON LEONHARDT"]}],"surname":"moreno"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4OH00192&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno (Ohio) discloses 12 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Florida (6)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno represents Ohio but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 12 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Ohio (44 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Florida: 6 · Washington: 2 · New York: 2 · California: 2. Sample: Residential Real Estate Description: Home in Ocean Reef, FL (Ocean Reef, Florida) Filer comment: Val (Florida) · Residential Real Estate Description: Washington D.C. Condo (Washington D.C, D.C.) Filer comment: Val (Washington) · Residential Real Estate Description: Eastchester, NY Single Family Home (Eastchester, New York) File (New York).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Ohio","inStateCount":44,"outOfStateCount":12,"byState":{"FL":6,"WA":2,"NY":2,"CA":2},"samples":[{"name":"Residential Real Estate Description: Home in Ocean Reef, FL (Ocean Reef, Florida) Filer comment: Val","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","state":"FL"},{"name":"Residential Real Estate Description: Washington D.C. Condo (Washington D.C, D.C.) Filer comment: Val","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"WA"},{"name":"Residential Real Estate Description: Eastchester, NY Single Family Home (Eastchester, New York) File","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"NY"},{"name":"Residential Real Estate Description: Dixon, CA Single Family Home (Dixon, California) Filer comment:","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"CA"},{"name":"Live More LLC Company: Live More LLC (Coconut Grove, FL) Description: Real Estate Holding Company Fi","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"FL"},{"name":"Condo Description: Condo (Coconut Grove, Florida) Filer comment: Valuation reflects the total value ","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","state":"FL"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_M001242","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bernie Moreno filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 90 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Bernie Moreno has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 90 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":90,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P103_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno holds 19 for-profit officer/director roles on 2025 PFD — top: Other (Chairman of the Board) · Dryver LLC Westlake, OH","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 19 active officer or director roles in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Other (Chairman of the Board) · Dryver LLC Westlake, OH (Company) · Officer · Bernie Moreno Companies Westlake, (Corporation) · Director · M Motors Group, Inc. (Corporation) · Director · M1 Motors, Inc. Westlake, (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":19,"roles":[{"position":"Other (Chairman of the Board)","entity":"Dryver LLC Westlake, OH","entityType":"Company","dates":"Dec 2009 to Mar 2024"},{"position":"Officer","entity":"Bernie Moreno Companies Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Feb 2008 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"M Motors Group, Inc. Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Feb 2013 to Dec 2024"},{"position":"Director","entity":"M1 Motors, Inc. Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Apr 2005 to Dec 2024"},{"position":"Director","entity":"M2 Motors, Inc. Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Feb 2008 to Dec 2024"},{"position":"Director","entity":"M3 Motors, Inc. Westlake, Ohio","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Oct 2016 to Dec 2024"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 PFD lists 5 entities bearing the surname \"Moreno\" — top: Bernardo Moreno Revocable Trust Dated","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 5 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Moreno\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Bernardo Moreno Revocable Trust Dated (asset) · Moreno Family Land Trust (asset) · The Moreno Family, L.P. Company: (asset) · Bridget Moreno Revocable Trust dated (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Moreno","count":5,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Bernardo Moreno Revocable Trust Dated July 2008","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Moreno Family Land Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"The Moreno Family, L.P. Company: The Moreno Family, L.P. (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Family Holdin","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Bridget Moreno Revocable Trust dated July 10, 2008","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"position","entry":"Bernie Moreno Companies Westlake, Ohio","position":"Officer"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_M001242","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bernie Moreno named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($20.0M total receipts) — top: TEAM MORENO","explanation":"Bernie Moreno appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $20.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM MORENO (C00867010, $20.0M receipts, treasurer CRATE, BRADLEY T). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":19.98,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00867010","name":"TEAM MORENO","receipts":19979454.41,"treasurer":"CRATE, BRADLEY T","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00867010/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00867010/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00867010/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_M001242","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno's PFD net worth grew 5.8× in 4 years — 2021 $22.83M → 2025 $132.56M (CAGR 55.2%)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $22.83M in 2021 to $132.56M in 2025 — a 5.8× increase over 4 years (compound annual growth rate: 55.2%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 4-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2021","earliestNetWorthM":22.83,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":132.56,"growthFactor":5.81,"yearsCovered":4,"cagrPct":55.23,"filingCount":4,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d70c373-26ba-4280-9f3f-cd269b6810f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d70c373-26ba-4280-9f3f-cd269b6810f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P132_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P132_PFD_PARTNERSHIP_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 PFD lists 10 private-fund / LP / LLC holdings — opaque portfolio profile","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 10 private-fund-structured holdings — limited partnerships, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, fund of funds, family offices. These structures (a) defer income recognition until distributions are made, (b) allow carried-interest tax preference for fund managers, (c) obscure underlying portfolio-company names from the public PFD form (only the fund name is reported), and (d) limit liquidity, reducing the senator's ability to comply with STOCK Act timely-disclosure rules even if they wished to. Heavy concentration in private-fund vehicles is the most opaque PFD asset class — journalists investigating a senator's actual sector exposure must obtain the fund's quarterly investor letters or SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure to see what's inside. Holdings: AllianceBernstein Securitized Asset Fund (Delaware) LP CL B  · iAngels Ingenuity Fund, LP Company: iAngles Ingenuity Fund,  · iAngels Technologies, LP Company: iAngels Technologies, LP ( · AutoTech Fund II, LP Company: AutoTech Fund II, LP (Clevelan · Narya Capital Fund, LP Company: Narya Capital Fund, LP (Clev.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_partnership_heavy","year":"2025","count":10,"holdings":[{"name":"AllianceBernstein Securitized Asset Fund (Delaware) LP CL B Description : Securitized Asset Fund (Ne","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"iAngels Ingenuity Fund, LP Company: iAngles Ingenuity Fund, LP (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Ventu","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"iAngels Technologies, LP Company: iAngels Technologies, LP (Tel Aviv, Israel) Description: Venture C","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"AutoTech Fund II, LP Company: AutoTech Fund II, LP (Cleveland, Ohio) Description: Venture Capital Fu","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Narya Capital Fund, LP Company: Narya Capital Fund, LP (Cleveland, Ohio) Description: Venture Capita","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"The Moreno Family, L.P. Company: The Moreno Family, L.P. (Westlake, Ohio) Description: Family Holdin","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Yellowstone Housing Opportunities Fund III, LP Description : Private Equity Fund (San Francisco, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Fund 0 A Series of Comeback Capital, LP Company: Comeback Capital (Cleveland, OH) Description: Ventu","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P133_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $132.6M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $132.6M (asset midpoint $139.7M minus liability midpoint $7.1M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":132561132,"netWorthM":132.56,"totalAssetMid":139686134,"totalLiabMid":7125002,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_M001242","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno's earliest disclosed PFD (2021) shows $61.1M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2021) shows total assets of $61.1M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 85; earned-income on first filing: $63,657.82.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2021","totalAssetMid":61083022,"assetCount":85,"earnedIncome":63657.82,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d70c373-26ba-4280-9f3f-cd269b6810f5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d70c373-26ba-4280-9f3f-cd269b6810f5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P145_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernie Moreno discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: CF Bank (Beachwood, Ohio)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: CF Bank (Beachwood, Ohio) Type: Checking, Money Market Account ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"CF Bank (Beachwood, Ohio) Type: Checking, Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P149_M001242","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bernie Moreno triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 35 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bernie Moreno accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 35 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":35}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_M001242","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernie Moreno triggers 36 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Bernie Moreno accumulates findings across 36 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 36 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":36,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P11","P14","P15","P19","P29","P31","P36","P62","P68","P69","P70","P74","P77","P78","P81","P83","P84","P85","P87","P88","P90","P91","P93","P103","P104","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P161_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: SSBYX - State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund Class K.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"SSBYX - State Street Target Retirement 2030 Fund Class K","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 108 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 108 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":108,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_OH_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"OH delegation: Bernie Moreno & Jon Husted both flagged on 15 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from OH — Bernie Moreno and Jon Husted — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P10, P11, P15, P19, P29, P36, P70.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"OH","juniorSenatorBid":"H001104","juniorSenatorName":"Jon Husted","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P10","P11","P15","P19","P29","P36","P70","P81","P83","P87","P103","P104","P109","P161"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001242","https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001104"]},{"id":"P175_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 PFD reports $7.13M in total liabilities (5 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $7.13M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 5 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 5% of total assets ($139.69M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":7.13,"totalAssetMidM":139.69,"liabCount":5,"leverageRatio":0.051,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P193_M001242_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernie Moreno — 10 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's 2025 Senate PFD shows 10 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":10,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7654c291-4eb6-4e71-8622-4974ee3c132e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_M001242","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernie Moreno — DW-NOMINATE 0.74 vs OH delegation mean 0.08 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Bernie Moreno's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.74) is 1.7 standard deviations from the OH delegation mean (0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OH","memberScore":0.74,"delegationMean":0.08442465753424659,"zscore":"1.69"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"K000391":[{"id":"P6_K000391_tey3zd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$433,622 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Impact Fund (FEC)","explanation":"The Impact Fund (FEC) spent $433,622 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00876391","name":"The Impact Fund (FEC)","support":433621.8,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00876391/"]},{"id":"P7_K000391_xwbsqe","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,343,134 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,343,134 opposing this member across 22 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3343133.89,"totalSupport":662576.52,"events":22,"topAttackers":[{"name":"ILLINOIS FUTURE PAC","oppose":3335363.49},{"name":"THE PEOPLE'S LOBBY","oppose":7770.4}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_K000391_4tq7g4","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,225,363 / spent $2,042,959","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00649772","cmteName":"REVIVING AMERICAN JOBS AGAIN PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00649772","cmteName":"REVIVING AMERICAN JOBS AGAIN PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":254001,"totalDisbursements":230992.5,"cashOnHand":23008.55},{"cmteId":"C00649772","cmteName":"REVIVING AMERICAN JOBS AGAIN PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":214705,"totalDisbursements":231749.7,"cashOnHand":5963.87},{"cmteId":"C00649772","cmteName":"REVIVING AMERICAN JOBS AGAIN PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":257879,"totalDisbursements":259622.5,"cashOnHand":4220.36},{"cmteId":"C00649772","cmteName":"REVIVING AMERICAN JOBS AGAIN PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":857278,"totalDisbursements":725107.6,"cashOnHand":136390.78}],"totalRaised":2225363,"totalSpent":2042959.4999999998}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_K000391_z05w3a","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"97% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $1,767,605 in itemized individual contributions, $1,709,500 (97%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1767605,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-2800,"$200.01-$499":1750,"$500-$999":12405,"$1000-$1999":46750,"$2000 and over":1709500},"megaShare":96.7,"smallDonorShare":-0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000391_4pthu5","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raja Krishnamoorthi campaign paid $173,946 to 24 surname-matched vendors, top: KRISHNAMOORTHI, S. RAJA","explanation":"Raja Krishnamoorthi's campaign paid 72 disbursements totaling $173,946 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, S. RAJA","total":46761.149999999994,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, S. RAJA","amount":5000,"date":"2019-05-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO CAMPAIGN FUND","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, S. RAJA","amount":2500,"date":"2017-02-24","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, S. RAJA","amount":2500,"date":"2019-05-16","description":"","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BASKIN, JACK","total":25000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BASKIN, JACK","amount":25000,"date":"2004-08-04","description":"CONTRIB. REFUNDS IND","surnameMatched":"baskin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, RAJA S MR.","total":13500,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, RAJA S MR.","amount":5000,"date":"2018-09-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, RAJA S MR.","amount":2500,"date":"2016-09-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION TO FEDERAL CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, RAJA S MR.","amount":2500,"date":"2017-02-16","description":"","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, S RAJA","total":13000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, S RAJA","amount":5000,"date":"2024-06-17","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, S RAJA","amount":3000,"date":"2025-03-21","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KRISHNAMOORTHI, S RAJA","amount":1000,"date":"2020-03-11","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"krishnamoorthi","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BASKIN-GERWITZ, WILLIAM","total":9875.97,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BASKIN-GERWITZ, WILLIAM","amount":2469.97,"date":"2019-08-02","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"baskin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BASKIN-GERWITZ, WILLIAM","amount":2468.67,"date":"2019-09-16","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"baskin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BASKIN-GERWITZ, WILLIAM","amount":2468.67,"date":"2019-08-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"baskin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BASKIN, ELIZABETH","total":8301.630000000001,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BASKIN, ELIZABETH","amount":2767.21,"date":"2024-10-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"baskin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BASKIN, ELIZABETH","amount":2767.21,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"baskin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BASKIN, ELIZABETH","amount":2767.21,"date":"2024-10-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"baskin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KRISHNAMOORTHI"]}],"S001216":[{"id":"P6_S001216_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,963,367 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $2,963,367 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":2963367.420000001,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_S001216_tw3lw7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,237,328 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Shield PAC","explanation":"Shield PAC spent $1,237,328 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00770149","name":"Shield PAC","support":1237328,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770149/"]},{"id":"P6_S001216_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$295,093 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $295,093 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":295092.8,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P7_S001216_rrvqpl","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,807,604 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,807,604 opposing this member across 486 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4807603.82,"totalSupport":5747465.3800000055,"events":486,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":4792581.190000001},{"name":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD NW ACTION PAC","oppose":22.63},{"name":"Working America","oppose":15000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001216_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16541 employees of NONE gave $5,180,332 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 16541× NONE = $5,180,332; 11474× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,613,768; 3245× SELF = $1,536,613. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":16541,"total":5180332,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2024"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":11474,"total":3613768,"years":["2017","2018","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":3245,"total":1536613,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001216_3qxfcj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,756 donation spike on 2021-12-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-31 this committee recorded $95,756 across 96 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,320.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652628","date":"2021-12-31","amount":95756,"count":96,"baseline":14320,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652628/"]},{"id":"P15_S001216_g2vo48","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,023 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $70,023 across 114 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,055.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652628","date":"2025-09-30","amount":70023,"count":114,"baseline":5055,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652628/"]},{"id":"P15_S001216_g2zi1d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,135 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $57,135 across 41 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,275.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652628","date":"2025-03-31","amount":57135,"count":41,"baseline":7275,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652628/"]},{"id":"P18_S001216_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kim Schrier executed 18 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-03-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-03-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-03-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2021-11-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Connect America Fund","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2022-02-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Connect America Fund","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2022-02-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001216_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kim Schrier executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2021-10-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Health and Human Services Grants Regulation","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2021-09-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001216_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Kim Schrier executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2021-10-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"User Fee for Estate Tax Closing Letter","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2021-09-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001216_7fd8s7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kim Schrier campaign paid $626,157 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Kim Schrier's campaign paid 138 disbursements totaling $626,157 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BECKENDORF, MICHAEL","total":227392.82,"count":59,"samples":[{"payee":"BECKENDORF, MICHAEL","amount":7892.75,"date":"2018-12-06","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"beckendorf","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BECKENDORF, MICHAEL","amount":6525.75,"date":"2018-09-25","description":"PRIMARY BONUS","surnameMatched":"beckendorf","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BECKENDORF, MICHAEL","amount":5200,"date":"2015-07-02","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"beckendorf","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","total":40671.69,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-09-08","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":10000,"date":"2017-07-24","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JONATHAN CODY","amount":6421.69,"date":"2017-10-05","description":"PRINTING,BANNERS,SPONSORSHIPS,LOGING","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","total":35519.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-04-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-05-26","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY MR","amount":5919.96,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","total":4203,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, STEVEN J MR","amount":4203,"date":"2006-12-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P23_S001216_16wbg","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 trades in AAPL (Technology) — 39% of this member's 38 total trades","explanation":"Kim Schrier has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AAPL","count":15,"buys":2,"sells":13,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2019-03-22","lastDate":"2022-03-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_S001216_d0l0f0","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Working America both supported ($18,049) and opposed ($15,000) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Kim Schrier advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C90011156","name":"Working America","support":18049.100000000002,"oppose":15000,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011156/"]},{"id":"P36_S001216","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Kim Schrier has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_S001216_TSLA_20220322","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2022-Q1 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in TSLA during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-22","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20220322","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2022-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-22","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20220322","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2022-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2022-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-22","quarter":"2022-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20211115","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q4 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20211028","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2021-Q4 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a buy in AAPL during 2021-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-28","quarter":"2021-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20210727","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2021-Q3 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a buy in AAPL during 2021-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-27","quarter":"2021-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_TSLA_20200303","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of TSLA in 2020-Q1 while TESLA, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in TSLA during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 2 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, INC., TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["TESLA, INC.","TESLA INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20200303","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20200303","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20200302","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20200302","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-02","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20200228","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20200228","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20200129","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-29","quarter":"2020-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE INC","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20191021","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2019-Q4 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2019-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-10-21","quarter":"2019-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q4","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20190912","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2019-Q3 while RAPPLER INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2019-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (RAPPLER INC., TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-12","quarter":"2019-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q3","matchedClients":["RAPPLER INC.","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_S001216_AAPL_20190322","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2019-Q1 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed a sell in AAPL during 2019-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-22","quarter":"2019-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q1","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_S001216_ABT_20211028","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kim Schrier sell $ABT 1 day after a corporate insider (Boudreau Philip P  (CIK 0001805099)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Boudreau Philip P  (CIK 0001805099)","filingDate":"2021-10-27","adsh":"0001415889-21-004996","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001216_VMW_20211028","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VMW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kim Schrier sell $VMW 1 day after a corporate insider (VMW Holdco LLC  (CIK 0001702842)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VMW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VMW","filer":"VMW Holdco LLC  (CIK 0001702842)","filingDate":"2021-10-27","adsh":"0001123292-21-001411","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001216_AAPL_20200303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kim Schrier sell $AAPL 4 days after a corporate insider (WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0000320193-20-000035","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001216_AAPL_20211115","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kim Schrier sell $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"KONDO CHRIS  (CIK 0001631982)","filingDate":"2021-11-16","adsh":"0000320193-21-000114"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001216_BDX_20211028","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BDX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kim Schrier sell $BDX 5 days before a corporate insider (Jones Christopher Ian Montague  (CIK 0001292762)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BDX","filer":"Jones Christopher Ian Montague  (CIK 0001292762)","filingDate":"2021-11-02","adsh":"0001543407-21-000044"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001216_TSLA_20200303","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kim Schrier sell $TSLA 6 days before a corporate insider (Gracias Antonio J.  (CIK 0001495158)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Gracias Antonio J.  (CIK 0001495158)","filingDate":"2020-03-09","adsh":"0001771340-20-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001216_AAPL_20200129","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kim Schrier sell $AAPL 6 days before a corporate insider (LEVINSON ARTHUR D  (CIK 0001214128)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"LEVINSON ARTHUR D  (CIK 0001214128)","filingDate":"2020-02-04","adsh":"0000320193-20-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001216_BEP_20211028","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BEP 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Kim Schrier sell $BEP 6 days before a corporate insider (Blackstone Energy Family Investment Partnership II-ESC L.P.  (CIK 0001851448)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BEP","filer":"Blackstone Energy Family Investment Partnership II-ESC L.P.  (CIK 0001851448)","filingDate":"2021-11-03","adsh":"0000899243-21-042848"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_S001216","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"31 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $195,000","explanation":"Kim Schrier received campaign contributions totaling $195,000 from 31 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 30 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":31,"totalDollars":195000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS PAC (IBEW PAC)","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001216","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $70,023 on 2025-09-30 (13.9× normal)","explanation":"Kim Schrier's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $70,023 on 2025-09-30 — 13.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":70023,"maxRatio":13.9,"maxAmount":70023},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":70023,"ratio":13.9,"baselineDaily":5055,"count":114,"cmteId":"C00652628","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652628&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652628/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652628&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"]},{"id":"P65_S001216_2021-10-28","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"22 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-10-28 — 22 unique tickers","explanation":"Kim Schrier executed 22 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-10-28 to 2021-10-28), spanning 22 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-10-28","windowEnd":"2021-10-28","tradeCount":22,"uniqueTickers":22,"totalDisclosedTrades":38,"sampleTickers":["GOOGL","VMW","J","AAPL","LOW","BDX","BEP","COST","PYPL","ABT"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001216","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 43 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kim Schrier appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 43 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: lobbying timeline trade (17); insider front ran trade (5); ie support concentration (3); daily donation spike (3); reg rule trade proximity (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":43,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":17},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001216","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P137_S001216","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kim Schrier ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $64M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Kim Schrier's FEC-bulk record shows $64.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":64.44,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8WA08189"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8WA08189/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_S001216","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kim Schrier disclosed 13 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 11 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL TSLA $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Kim Schrier has filed 13 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 11 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL TSLA $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-03-22 · SELL AAPL $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2022-03-22 · SELL AAPL $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-03-22 · SELL AAPL $250,001 - $500,000 on 2021-11-15.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":13,"veryHighCount":11,"lowerBoundSum":4950013,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","date":"2022-03-22","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","date":"2022-03-22","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","date":"2022-03-22","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","date":"2021-11-15","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","date":"2021-10-28","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","date":"2021-07-27","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S001216","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kim Schrier executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AAPL (18d apart)","explanation":"Kim Schrier has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AAPL 2021-10-28 → 2021-11-15 (18d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"AAPL","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-10-28","date2":"2021-11-15","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001216","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kim Schrier triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Kim Schrier accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001216_2021-10-28","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kim Schrier — 22 trades on 2021-10-28","explanation":"Kim Schrier disclosed 22 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-10-28). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-10-28","count":22}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_S001216_AAPL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kim Schrier — 15 disclosed trades in single ticker AAPL","explanation":"Kim Schrier traded AAPL on 15 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AAPL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AAPL","count":15}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"H001081":[{"id":"P6_H001081_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$848,895 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $848,895 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":848894.6400000002,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_H001081_vaishi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$629,454 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NEA Advocacy Fund","explanation":"NEA Advocacy Fund spent $629,454 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00489815","name":"NEA Advocacy Fund","support":629454,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00489815/"]},{"id":"P6_H001081_uc0bpt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$429,751 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Voter Protection Project","explanation":"Voter Protection Project spent $429,751 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00692319","name":"Voter Protection Project","support":429751.1599999999,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00692319/"]},{"id":"P6_H001081_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$410,184 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $410,184 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":410183.77999999997,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P7_H001081_mgpvjy","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,076,931 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,076,931 opposing this member across 142 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2076930.9300000002,"totalSupport":3038969.2000000007,"events":142,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1964417.44},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":72465.6},{"name":"No Socialism PAC","oppose":35047.89},{"name":"CONSERVATIVE FUTURE FUND","oppose":5000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001081_8kkcbf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,974 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $64,974 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":64974.06,"oppose":0,"net":64974.06,"events":25,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":45786.95999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":19187.1,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001081_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7092 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,140,276 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7092× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,140,276. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":7092,"total":2140276,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001081_hgjnj5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,479 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $54,479 across 105 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,137.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00677898","date":"2024-09-30","amount":54479,"count":105,"baseline":9137,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00677898/"]},{"id":"P19_H001081_2pwd8y","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jahana Hayes campaign paid $29,639,930 to 28 surname-matched vendors, top: THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","explanation":"Jahana Hayes's campaign paid 146 disbursements totaling $29,639,930 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","total":10822229.170000002,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":1700000,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":864248.31,"date":"2010-10-07","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC.","amount":859119,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","total":4672766.37,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":459000,"date":"2024-10-03","description":"NON-ADVOCACY DIGITAL ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":345107.24,"date":"2008-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS","amount":323996.96,"date":"2008-10-22","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","total":3277861.97,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":603547.77,"date":"2023-04-25","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":402936.43,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SILVERMAN THOMPSON SLUTKIN & WHITE, LLC","amount":382794.57,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","total":2359780,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":398923,"date":"2022-07-05","description":"MEDIA BUY-TV, DIGITAL,RADIO,CABLE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":375919,"date":"2022-06-14","description":"MEDIA BUY ON TV","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS INC.","amount":326650,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","total":2097975,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":876523,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":797202,"date":"2016-10-17","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"THOMPSON COMMUNICATIONS, INC","amount":240000,"date":"2016-08-26","description":"MEDIA PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TENNESSEANS FOR THOMPSON '96","total":821385,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TENNESSEANS FOR THOMPSON '96","amount":821385,"date":"1997-12-31","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"thompson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1998}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THOMPSON%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P25_H001081_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"59% of PAC dollars ($386,359) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Jahana Hayes receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":386358.89999999997,"share":58.9,"totalPAC":656411.19,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":386358.89999999997,"share":58.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":55000,"share":8.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":50000,"share":7.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":45000,"share":6.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_H001081_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00812917","name":"DEMOCRACY DEFENDERS","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00886010","name":"ELECT DEMOCRATIC WOMEN 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00863639","name":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001081","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Jahana Hayes has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_H001081_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jahana Hayes sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SEIU%20COPE%20(SERVICE%20EMPLOYEES%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SEIU%20COPE%20(SERVICE%20EMPLOYEES%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20POLITICAL%20EDUCATION)"]},{"id":"P47_H001081_National_Association_of_Letter_118183","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association  of Letter Carriers testified before House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Jahana Hayes sits on House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections, which on 2025-05-06 held a hearing titled \"\"FECA Reform and Oversight: Prioritizing Workers, Protecting Taxpayer Dollars\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association  of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Education and Workforce Subcommittee on Workforce Protections","eventId":"118183","title":"\"FECA Reform and Oversight: Prioritizing Workers, Protecting Taxpayer Dollars\"","date":"2025-05-06T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association  of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118183"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118183","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20U.S.A.%20POLITICAL%20FUND%20(LETTER%20CARRIER%20POLITICAL%20FUND)"]},{"id":"P51_H001081_MAIN_STREET_MEDIA_GROUP","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP $21.4M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Jahana Hayes's campaign committee paid $21,376,035.89 to MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 4275.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP","total":21376035.89,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP"},{"source":"donor","name":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL, STATE & LOCAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. MAIN STREET BANKERS PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRUIST%20FINANCIAL%20CORPORATION%20FEDERAL%2C%20STATE%20%26%20LOCAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(FORMERLY%20SUNTRUST%20BANKS%2C%20INC.%20MAIN%20STREET%20BANKERS%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=TRUIST%20FINANCIAL%20CORPORATION%20FEDERAL%2C%20STATE%20%26%20LOCAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(FORMERLY%20SUNTRUST%20BANKS%2C%20INC.%20MAIN%20STREET%20BANKERS%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P58_H001081","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$65K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 70% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Jahana Hayes received $64,974.06 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($45,786.96 = 70%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":64974.06,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2018":8290.56,"2020":381.07,"2022":85307.33,"2024":6988.23},"corpCount":8},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":45786.95999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":19187.1,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_H001081","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $119,250","explanation":"Jahana Hayes received campaign contributions totaling $119,250 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); DEMOCRACY DEFENDERS ACTION ($9,250).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":119250,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS PAC","ldaClient":"NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEMOCRACY DEFENDERS","ldaClient":"DEMOCRACY DEFENDERS ACTION","donorTotal":9250,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_H001081","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 17 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jahana Hayes appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 17 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (4); hearing witness donor (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":17,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001081","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_H001081","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jahana Hayes's campaign paid $1,235,364 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: HAYES, KERI ANN ($716,514)","explanation":"Jahana Hayes's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 36 payments totaling $1,235,364 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HAYES, KERI ANN ($716,514 across 22 payments, services: PAC SALARY & BENEFITS · SALARY, BENEFITS & WITHHOLDING). Cycles covered: 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1235364.3499999999,"paymentCount":36,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HAYES, KERI ANN","total":716514.2900000002,"count":22,"descriptions":["PAC SALARY & BENEFITS","SALARY, BENEFITS & WITHHOLDING"]},{"payee":"THE HAYES INITIATIVE","total":165268.34000000003,"count":4,"descriptions":["PAYMENT TO THE HAYES INITIATIVE COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANCY FIRM.","CONSULTING FEE."]},{"payee":"RILEY HAYES ADVERTISING","total":128000,"count":3,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING EXPENSE","MEDIA TV ADS"]},{"payee":"J MATTHEW HAYES UNLIMITED","total":97500,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENT PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"HAYES, RILEY","total":71277.74,"count":3,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","TELEVISION ADVERTISING"]}],"surname":"hayes"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CT05245&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_H001081","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jahana Hayes's PAC funding concentrates 45% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Jahana Hayes's PAC donors concentrate 45% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Agriculture $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Labor $0.01M · Education $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":45.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Agriculture":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CT05245/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"L000593":[{"id":"P6_L000593_txn23e","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$842,381 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Future Progress","explanation":"Future Progress spent $842,381 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00746628","name":"Future Progress","support":842381.25,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00746628/"]},{"id":"P6_L000593_uumr35","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$509,955 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from THE PRINCIPLES PROJECT","explanation":"THE PRINCIPLES PROJECT spent $509,955 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00566463","name":"THE PRINCIPLES PROJECT","support":509954.5,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00566463/"]},{"id":"P6_L000593_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$497,459 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $497,459 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":497459,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_L000593_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$414,953 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC","explanation":"DCCC spent $414,953 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":414952.5,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_L000593_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$268,851 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $268,851 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":268850.63999999996,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P7_L000593_du6qzz","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $917,199 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $917,199 opposing this member across 448 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":917198.6300000002,"totalSupport":3829699.2000000034,"events":448,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":433036.07999999996},{"name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","oppose":341792.98000000004},{"name":"CALIFORNIA COMEBACK FUND","oppose":142369.56999999998}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_L000593_rc293n","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$179,618 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $179,618 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":179618.26999999996,"oppose":0,"net":179618.26999999996,"events":72,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":154503.00999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":13303.930000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001433","name":"MICHIGAN STATE AFL-CIO","support":3597.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006218","name":"NRDC ACTION FUND, INC","support":3454.65,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":1548.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000593_lvym1w","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $836,376 / spent $801,634","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00691345","cmteName":"REPAIR THE WORLD PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":5000},{"cmteId":"C00695395","cmteName":"ELECT MORE DEMOCRATS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":121150.5,"totalDisbursements":119088.8,"cashOnHand":2061.71},{"cmteId":"C00691345","cmteName":"REPAIR THE WORLD PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":60200,"totalDisbursements":40974.5,"cashOnHand":24225.47},{"cmteId":"C00695395","cmteName":"ELECT MORE DEMOCRATS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":247184.8,"totalDisbursements":221194.8,"cashOnHand":28051.75},{"cmteId":"C00691345","cmteName":"REPAIR THE WORLD PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":27064.8,"totalDisbursements":51011.1,"cashOnHand":279.22}],"totalRaised":836375.9,"totalSpent":801634.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_L000593_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17463 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $4,559,094 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 17463× NOT EMPLOYED = $4,559,094; 4143× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,690,386. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":17463,"total":4559094,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":4143,"total":1690386,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000593_kpfn6j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$117,006 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $117,006 across 97 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,989.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634253","date":"2025-06-30","amount":117006,"count":97,"baseline":10989,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634253/"]},{"id":"P15_L000593_x10h84","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,976 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $85,976 across 130 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,586.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634253","date":"2021-09-30","amount":85976,"count":130,"baseline":8586,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634253/"]},{"id":"P15_L000593_8neu83","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,124 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $77,124 across 59 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,996.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634253","date":"2023-03-31","amount":77124,"count":59,"baseline":11996,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634253/"]},{"id":"P15_L000593_6139x3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,778 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $74,778 across 171 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,219.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634253","date":"2024-09-30","amount":74778,"count":171,"baseline":12219,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634253/"]},{"id":"P15_L000593_8ncx9j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,095 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $73,095 across 76 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,455.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634253","date":"2023-06-30","amount":73095,"count":76,"baseline":10455,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634253/"]},{"id":"P15_L000593_z44186","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,218 donation spike on 2018-06-19 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-19 this committee recorded $68,218 across 377 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,993.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634253","date":"2018-06-19","amount":68218,"count":377,"baseline":8993,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634253/"]},{"id":"P15_L000593_kphk54","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,275 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $61,275 across 82 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,038.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634253","date":"2025-09-30","amount":61275,"count":82,"baseline":7038,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634253/"]},{"id":"P19_L000593_lr3k13","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Levin campaign paid $9,977,807 to 87 surname-matched vendors, top: MRP LEVIN ACCOUNT","explanation":"Mike Levin's campaign paid 337 disbursements totaling $9,977,807 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MRP LEVIN ACCOUNT","total":1772345.7099999997,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"MRP LEVIN ACCOUNT","amount":211611.52,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"LEVIN TRANSFER FOR SPLIT BILLS","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MRP LEVIN ACCOUNT","amount":149084.85,"date":"2018-09-21","description":"LEVING TRANSFER FOR SPLIT BILLS","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MRP LEVIN ACCOUNT","amount":149084.06,"date":"2018-09-26","description":"LEVIN TRANSFER FOR SPLIT BILLS","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MRP LEVIN SHARED ACCOUNT","total":1433513.2500000002,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"MRP LEVIN SHARED ACCOUNT","amount":414163.2,"date":"2012-10-17","description":"LEVIN TRANSFER FUNDS","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"MRP LEVIN SHARED ACCOUNT","amount":319842.4,"date":"2010-10-15","description":"LEVIN TRANSFER SPLIT","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MRP LEVIN SHARED ACCOUNT","amount":138054.4,"date":"2012-10-19","description":"LEVIN TRANSFER SPLIT","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VAN DER VEEN HARTSHORN AND LEVIN","total":1386605.18,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"VAN DER VEEN HARTSHORN AND LEVIN","amount":750000,"date":"2022-11-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"VAN DER VEEN HARTSHORN AND LEVIN","amount":170153.49,"date":"2022-10-31","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"VAN DER VEEN HARTSHORN AND LEVIN","amount":149864.39,"date":"2022-02-07","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CALIFORNIA REPUBLICAN PARTY LEVIN","total":675932.64,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"CALIFORNIA REPUBLICAN PARTY LEVIN","amount":174062.93,"date":"2020-10-15","description":"H6 TSF","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CALIFORNIA REPUBLICAN PARTY LEVIN","amount":120330.68,"date":"2022-12-05","description":"21/79 H6 TRANSFER FROM LEVIN TO FEDERAL ACCT","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CALIFORNIA REPUBLICAN PARTY LEVIN","amount":69000,"date":"2020-10-27","description":"H6 TSF","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C.","total":626613.03,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C.","amount":177073.47,"date":"2023-01-20","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C.","amount":129363.63,"date":"2023-07-21","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C.","amount":115776.56,"date":"2022-12-06","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C","total":458094.14,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C","amount":107635.65,"date":"2020-03-18","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C","amount":74177.55,"date":"2020-06-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C","amount":66009.6,"date":"2020-05-13","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"levin","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MRP%20LEVIN%20ACCOUNT"]},{"id":"P27_L000593_m3vhs","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donor PACs share treasurer \"NISSEN MELISSA\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00891242","name":"SOUTHERN CALIF4NIA VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"NISSEN MELISSA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00885236","name":"LEVIN-TRAN VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"NISSEN MELISSA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00883595","name":"KIM-LEVIN VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"NISSEN MELISSA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00859223","name":"ALLRED LEVIN VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"NISSEN MELISSA"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000593","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"Mike Levin has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_L000593","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$180K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 86% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Mike Levin received $179,618.27 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($154,503.01 = 86%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":179618.26999999996,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":1276.45,"2012":2215.14,"2014":2529.29,"2018":14381.26,"2020":14408.31,"2022":89999.61,"2024":91762.64},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":154503.00999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":13303.930000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001433","name":"MICHIGAN STATE AFL-CIO","support":3597.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001433/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006218","name":"NRDC ACTION FUND, INC","support":3454.65,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006218/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":1548.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_L000593","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $152,043.23","explanation":"Mike Levin received campaign contributions totaling $152,043.23 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($15,443.23); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS ($10,000); HUMANE WORLD ACTION FUND (FKA HUMANE SOCIETY LEGIS ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":152043.23,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":15443.230000000001,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS (DRIVE) COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HUMANE SOCIETY LEGISLATIVE FUND PAC","ldaClient":"HUMANE WORLD ACTION FUND (FKA HUMANE SOCIETY LEGISLATIVE FUND)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF THE U.S.A. LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000593","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $117,006 on 2025-06-30 (10.6× normal)","explanation":"Mike Levin's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $117,006 on 2025-06-30 — 10.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":202982,"maxRatio":10.6,"maxAmount":117006},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":117006,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":10989,"count":97,"cmteId":"C00634253","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00634253&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-09-30","amount":85976,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":8586,"count":130,"cmteId":"C00634253","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00634253&min_date=2021-09-30&max_date=2021-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634253/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00634253&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_L000593","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mike Levin appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (7); ie support concentration (5); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000593","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_L000593","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Levin's campaign paid $4,708,263 to 14 surname-matched vendors — top: VAN DER VEEN HARTSHORN AND LEVIN ($1,386,605)","explanation":"Mike Levin's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 43 payments totaling $4,708,263 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: VAN DER VEEN HARTSHORN AND LEVIN ($1,386,605 across 7 payments, services: LEGAL CONSULTING · LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":4708262.97,"paymentCount":43,"payeeCount":14,"topPayees":[{"payee":"VAN DER VEEN HARTSHORN AND LEVIN","total":1386605.18,"count":7,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING","LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C.","total":626613.03,"count":6,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MINTZ, LEVIN, COHN, FERRIS, GLOVSKY AND POPEO, P.C","total":458094.14,"count":7,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"LEVIN CHECKING","total":431928.45,"count":4,"descriptions":["NON FED PORTION OF VOTER ID PHONING","NON FED PORTION OF GOTV"]},{"payee":"CALIFORNIA REPUBLICAN PARTY LEVIN","total":408381.85,"count":5,"descriptions":["H6 TSF"]}],"surname":"levin"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CA49058&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_L000593","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Levin named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.3M total receipts) — top: LEVIN VICTORY FUND 2020","explanation":"Mike Levin appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: LEVIN VICTORY FUND 2020 (C00723114, $1.3M receipts, treasurer NISSEN, MELISSA). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.31,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00723114","name":"LEVIN VICTORY FUND 2020","receipts":1305714.91,"treasurer":"NISSEN, MELISSA","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00723114/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00723114/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00723114/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_L000593","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Levin's PAC funding concentrates 43% in Labor ($0.05M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Mike Levin's PAC donors concentrate 43% in the Labor industry — $0.05M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.05M · Technology $0.02M · Finance $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":42.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.05,"Technology":0.02,"Finance":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA49058/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_L000593","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Levin operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.8M combined receipts)","explanation":"Mike Levin operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.8M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: REPAIR THE WORLD PAC (C00691345) · ELECT MORE DEMOCRATS PAC (C00695395).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.84,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00691345","cmteName":"REPAIR THE WORLD PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00695395","cmteName":"ELECT MORE DEMOCRATS PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00691345/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00695395/"]}],"S001217":[{"id":"P6_S001217_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$926,439 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND (also direct donor)","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $926,439 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 283 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":926438.7100000008,"oppose":0,"events":283},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND EARMARKS","total":202015.50999999998}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P7_S001217_syn4z6","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $36,196,908 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $36,196,908 opposing this member across 608 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":36196908.36999999,"totalSupport":1717002.2900000003,"events":608,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":15767904.850000001},{"name":"Priorities USA Action","oppose":5884928.88},{"name":"Majority Forward","oppose":4528856.95},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":3858786.7},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":2013695.8599999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_S001217_4h89l","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,732,662 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,732,662 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1732662.19,"events":3,"byYear":{"2018":1732662.19},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30002802","name":"MAJORITY FORWARD","total":1732662.19,"events":3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001217_q38rnp","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$464,839 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $464,839 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":464839.35,"oppose":0,"net":464839.35,"events":2,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":464839.35,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001217_yixh0l","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $47,956,686 in itemized individual contributions, $43,019,850 (90%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":47956686,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-2044234,"$200.01-$499":1639086,"$500-$999":1946621,"$1000-$1999":3395363,"$2000 and over":43019850},"megaShare":89.7,"smallDonorShare":-4.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001217_l3bd9i","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"118 employees of STATE OF FLORIDA gave $27,068,640 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 118× STATE OF FLORIDA = $27,068,640; 54187× RETIRED = $5,366,138. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"STATE OF FLORIDA","count":118,"total":27068640,"years":["2018"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":54187,"total":5366138,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001217_p0s91t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,800 donation spike on 2018-10-10 — 15.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-10 this committee recorded $90,800 across 45 contributions — 15.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,009.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00651026","date":"2018-10-10","amount":90800,"count":45,"baseline":6009,"ratio":15.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00651026/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_rnljpk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$8,029,948 donation spike on 2018-07-30 — 20.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-30 this committee recorded $8,029,948 across 32 contributions — 20.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $389,439.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676965","date":"2018-07-30","amount":8029948,"count":32,"baseline":389439,"ratio":20.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_rnjmqa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,063,600 donation spike on 2018-04-26 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-26 this committee recorded $3,063,600 across 81 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $312,663.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676965","date":"2018-04-26","amount":3063600,"count":81,"baseline":312663,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_rnm6mo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,028,320 donation spike on 2018-08-06 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-08-06 this committee recorded $3,028,320 across 132 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $495,077.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676965","date":"2018-08-06","amount":3028320,"count":132,"baseline":495077,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_rnk9ot","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,027,478 donation spike on 2018-05-11 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-11 this committee recorded $3,027,478 across 37 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $332,580.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676965","date":"2018-05-11","amount":3027478,"count":37,"baseline":332580,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_rnjmpb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,589,471 donation spike on 2018-04-12 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-12 this committee recorded $2,589,471 across 85 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $314,967.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676965","date":"2018-04-12","amount":2589471,"count":85,"baseline":314967,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_rnljop","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,134,450 donation spike on 2018-07-20 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-20 this committee recorded $2,134,450 across 61 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $188,366.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676965","date":"2018-07-20","amount":2134450,"count":61,"baseline":188366,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_rnkwp7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,015,725 donation spike on 2018-06-21 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-21 this committee recorded $2,015,725 across 36 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $215,020.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676965","date":"2018-06-21","amount":2015725,"count":36,"baseline":215020,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_rnkwno","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,576,775 donation spike on 2018-06-08 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-08 this committee recorded $1,576,775 across 112 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $247,706.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676965","date":"2018-06-08","amount":1576775,"count":112,"baseline":247706,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_ssxmrx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,600 donation spike on 2024-12-23 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-12-23 this committee recorded $56,600 across 11 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,783.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00692327","date":"2024-12-23","amount":56600,"count":11,"baseline":8783,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00692327/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_v44u71","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,550 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $57,550 across 36 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,397.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00788810","date":"2022-03-31","amount":57550,"count":36,"baseline":5397,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00788810/"]},{"id":"P15_S001217_f1tx3y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,165 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $67,165 across 52 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,616.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00800425","date":"2022-03-31","amount":67165,"count":52,"baseline":5616,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00800425/"]},{"id":"P19_S001217_ly1x05","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott campaign paid $121,238,164 to 132 surname-matched vendors, top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","explanation":"Rick Scott's campaign paid 676 disbursements totaling $121,238,164 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3696650,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3632833.15,"date":"2010-09-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3000000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":2442240,"date":"2022-11-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1931572,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1446494.5,"date":"2022-10-31","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","total":5109955.45,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":1132036.5,"date":"2022-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":934113,"date":"2022-10-07","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":811321.25,"date":"2022-10-03","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOHN HANCOCK C/O CITY BANK DELAWARE","total":1976175.0799999998,"count":72,"samples":[{"payee":"JOHN HANCOCK C/O CITY BANK DELAWARE","amount":70658.84,"date":"2016-07-05","description":"EMPLOYMENT PENSION/ 401(K)","surnameMatched":"hancock","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JOHN HANCOCK C/O CITY BANK DELAWARE","amount":69259.96,"date":"2016-12-30","description":"EMPLOYMENT PENSION/ 401(K)","surnameMatched":"hancock","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JOHN HANCOCK C/O CITY BANK DELAWARE","amount":63636.71,"date":"2016-04-01","description":"EMPLOYMENT PENSION/ 401(K)","surnameMatched":"hancock","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","amount":1877202,"date":"2006-10-18","description":"MEDIA BUY EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORGAN STANLEY","total":1280399.5899999999,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MORGAN STANLEY","amount":1248002.44,"date":"2024-10-04","description":"DONATION OF SECURITIES","surnameMatched":"morgan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MORGAN STANLEY","amount":32397.15,"date":"2022-12-31","description":"REALIZED LOSS ON INVESTMENT","surnameMatched":"morgan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCOTT%20HOWELL%20%26%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P25_S001217_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"83% of PAC dollars ($8,430,069) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Rick Scott receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":8430069.080000002,"share":82.9,"totalPAC":10164366.530000001,"pacCount":12},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":8430069.080000002,"share":82.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":943915.5800000001,"share":9.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":609271.9900000001,"share":6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":48360,"share":0.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001217_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCOTT, Richard Lynn (Rick) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from host"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001217","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 21 total findings","explanation":"Rick Scott has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":21,"highSeverityCount":17,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_S001217_WTT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $WTT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Rick Scott disclosed an asset position in $WTT on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $WTT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"WTT","assetName":"WTT - Wireless Telecom Group, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1c73d96-7e08-4a24-bd97-ec0b085782b8/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"WTT","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-15"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-15"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1c73d96-7e08-4a24-bd97-ec0b085782b8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_S001217_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 2 Healthcare stocks (ABT, JNJ)","explanation":"Rick Scott discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (ABT, JNJ) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["ABT","JNJ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001217_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (BA)","explanation":"Rick Scott discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001217_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 2 Energy stocks (XOM, WMB)","explanation":"Rick Scott discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM, WMB) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","WMB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P56_S001217_STATE_OF_FLORIDA","pattern_type":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"59% of contributions ($27,068,640 of $45,501,885) came from employees of STATE OF FLORIDA","explanation":"Rick Scott's principal campaign committee received $27,068,640 from individuals at STATE OF FLORIDA — that's 59.5% of all itemized contributions. While individual employees can each give up to $3,500/cycle, when ≥10% of a committee's funding traces to a single non-PAC employer, it signals a coordinated bundling network: HR/leadership at STATE OF FLORIDA likely organized contributions through internal fundraising. The next-largest employers contributed $768,369 (US SENATE), $69,000 (THE VILLAGES), $39,600 (HERZOG).","evidence":[{"source":"employer_bundling","employer":"STATE OF FLORIDA","amount":27068640,"share":59.5,"totalCommittee":45501885},{"source":"next_employers","top4":[{"employer":"US SENATE","amount":768369},{"employer":"THE VILLAGES","amount":69000},{"employer":"HERZOG","amount":39600},{"employer":"STATE FARM","amount":36384}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?employer=STATE%20OF%20FLORIDA"]},{"id":"P56_S001217_CITIZENS_FOR_SCOTT_CAINE","pattern_type":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"13% of contributions ($31,741 of $239,429) came from employees of CITIZENS FOR SCOTT CAINE","explanation":"Rick Scott's principal campaign committee received $31,741 from individuals at CITIZENS FOR SCOTT CAINE — that's 13.3% of all itemized contributions. While individual employees can each give up to $3,500/cycle, when ≥10% of a committee's funding traces to a single non-PAC employer, it signals a coordinated bundling network: HR/leadership at CITIZENS FOR SCOTT CAINE likely organized contributions through internal fundraising. The next-largest employers contributed $3,869 (GARY FORCE HONDA), $2,800 (VAN DYK MANAGEMENT), $2,800 (GEORGE E. WARREN CORP).","evidence":[{"source":"employer_bundling","employer":"CITIZENS FOR SCOTT CAINE","amount":31741,"share":13.3,"totalCommittee":239429},{"source":"next_employers","top4":[{"employer":"GARY FORCE HONDA","amount":3869},{"employer":"VAN DYK MANAGEMENT","amount":2800},{"employer":"GEORGE E. WARREN CORP","amount":2800},{"employer":"AGRI SERVICES INTL","amount":2800}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00745000/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?employer=CITIZENS%20FOR%20SCOTT%20CAINE"]},{"id":"P57_S001217","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1733K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from MAJORITY FORWARD","explanation":"Rick Scott was the target of $1,732,662.19 in electioneering communications across 3 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was MAJORITY FORWARD ($1,732,662.19 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1732662.19,"events":3,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2018":1732662.19}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002802","name":"MAJORITY FORWARD","total":1732662.19,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002802/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002802/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_S001217","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$465K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Rick Scott received $464,839.35 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($464,839.35 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":464839.35,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2024":464839.35},"corpCount":1},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":464839.35,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P59_S001217","pattern_type":"P59_OUTSIDE_MONEY_SATURATED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Hits 4 different outside-money channels (5 total findings) — employer bundling (2), ie support concentration (1), electioneering heavy (1), …","explanation":"Rick Scott triggers patterns in 4 different outside-money channels simultaneously, with 5 total findings across them: employer bundling (2), ie support concentration (1), electioneering heavy (1), corporate comm cost heavy (1). When direct PAC contributions, IE, electioneering, comm-cost endorsements, dark-money chains, and lobbyist-funded bundling all converge on a single member, the cumulative influence-capture risk is meaningfully higher than any one signal alone. The Citizens United-era campaign finance landscape created multiple parallel channels precisely so spending could route around individual contribution limits — when ≥3 are active for the same member, follow the convergence: who funds the funders?","evidence":[{"source":"outside_money_channels","channelCount":4,"totalHits":5,"channels":[{"pattern":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","hits":2},{"pattern":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","hits":1},{"pattern":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","hits":1},{"pattern":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","hits":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_S001217","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $84,624.88","explanation":"Rick Scott received campaign contributions totaling $84,624.88 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($42,775); FIRST IRAQI BANK ($41,849.88).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":84624.88,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":42775,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SOUTHERN FIRST BANK","ldaClient":"FIRST IRAQI BANK","donorTotal":41849.88,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001217","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $8,029,948 on 2018-07-30 (20.6× normal)","explanation":"Rick Scott's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $8,029,948 on 2018-07-30 — 20.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":10379913,"maxRatio":20.6,"maxAmount":8029948},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-07-30","amount":8029948,"ratio":20.6,"baselineDaily":389439,"count":32,"cmteId":"C00676965","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00676965&min_date=2018-07-30&max_date=2018-07-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-07-20","amount":2134450,"ratio":11.3,"baselineDaily":188366,"count":61,"cmteId":"C00676965","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00676965&min_date=2018-07-20&max_date=2018-07-20"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-10-10","amount":90800,"ratio":15.1,"baselineDaily":6009,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00651026","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00651026&min_date=2018-10-10&max_date=2018-10-10"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":67165,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":5616,"count":52,"cmteId":"C00800425","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00800425&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":57550,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":5397,"count":36,"cmteId":"C00788810","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00788810&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676965/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00676965&min_date=2018-07-30&max_date=2018-07-30"]},{"id":"P63_S001217","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 75 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Rick Scott's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 75 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): GLDM, NANR, XLE, XLU, OIH, FGIKX, FASIX, NUSI, XLF, OPPAX, AMZN, BA, SAMT, DVY, IJR, … (60 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":75,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["GLDM","NANR","XLE","XLU","OIH","FGIKX","FASIX","NUSI","XLF","OPPAX","AMZN","BA","SAMT","DVY","IJR","DGRO","IDV","RSP","MCVIX","XLK","SUB","MUB","AEIYX","BMDIX","CCWIX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_S001217_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Healthcare stocks (ABT, JNJ) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Rick Scott's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Healthcare stocks — ABT, JNJ — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2020). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["ABT","JNJ"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825ba01d-0822-4344-8406-07684bec58f3/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825ba01d-0822-4344-8406-07684bec58f3/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001217_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (BA) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Rick Scott's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — BA — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2025). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31313d73-5cb1-4799-9622-ebbf621712a8/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/31313d73-5cb1-4799-9622-ebbf621712a8/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001217_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Finance stock (BAC) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Rick Scott's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Finance stocks — BAC — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2020). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["BAC"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825ba01d-0822-4344-8406-07684bec58f3/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/825ba01d-0822-4344-8406-07684bec58f3/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P68_S001217","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 14 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$56.8M","explanation":"Rick Scott's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 14 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $56,775,003.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Personal Residence - Naples Description: (Real Estate Residential, $25,000,001 - $50,000,000); VCA TCG Holdings, LLC Company: VCA TCG H (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Bison Trailers, LLC Company: Bison Trail (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); WIJG1 LLC Company: WIJG1 LLC (Fort Colli (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $500,001 - $1,000,000); GOOSE CREEK, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":14,"totalEstMidpoint":56775003.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Personal Residence - Naples Description: Personal Residence - Naples (Naples, FL)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"},{"name":"VCA TCG Holdings, LLC Company: VCA TCG Holdings, LLC (Wilmington, DE) Description: Professional engineering and consulting services","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"},{"name":"Bison Trailers, LLC Company: Bison Trailers, LLC (Milford, IN) Description: Manufacturing and products supplier","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"},{"name":"WIJG1 LLC Company: WIJG1 LLC (Fort Collins, CO) Description: Bicycle business","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"},{"name":"GOOSE CREEK, SC Description: RESIDENTIAL RENTAL (GOOSE CREEK, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_S001217","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $15.0M in personal liabilities (3% leverage of assets) — 2 liability items","explanation":"Rick Scott's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $15,000,000.5 in personal liabilities against $483,038,370.5 in assets — a 3.1% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $15.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":15000000.5,"totalAssetMid":483038370.5,"leverageRatio":3.1,"liabCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2024 · Self · Other (Campaign Loan) · - · 0% (On demand) · $5,000,001 - $25,000,000 · Rick Scott for Florida Tampa, FL · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_S001217","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Partner at RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC CHARLESTON, SC","explanation":"Rick Scott's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC CHARLESTON, SC (Other (LIMITED LIABILITY COMPA).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2005 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"RIVERTOWN INVESTMENTS, LLC CHARLESTON, SC","entityType":"Other (LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_S001217","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$85,000 in outside earned income — top source: HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW YORK, NY ($$85,000.00)","explanation":"Rick Scott's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $85,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW YORK, NY ($85,000.00, Royalties).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":85000,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHING LLC NEW YORK, NY","amount":"$85,000.00","amountNumeric":85000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59bbe69d-c265-4fce-8776-196dd40948d8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_S001217","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 reportable gifts disclosed totaling $3,600 — top: William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00)","explanation":"Rick Scott's Senate annual financial disclosures report 2 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $3,600 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00) from Mark Escude Greer, SC; William Henry Knife Set ($1,800.00) from Mark Escude Simpsonville, SC.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":2,"totalValue":3600,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"},{"source":"gift","date":"08/03/2024","recipient":"Self","description":"William Henry Knife Set","value":"$1,800.00","giftSource":"Mark Escude Greer, SC","year":2025},{"source":"gift","date":"08/03/2024","recipient":"Self","description":"William Henry Knife Set","value":"$1,800.00","giftSource":"Mark Escude Simpsonville, SC","year":2025}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 27 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including XLU, OIH, AMZN, BA, SAMT, IJR","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 27 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: XLU, OIH, AMZN, BA, SAMT, IJR, DGRO, IDV, RSP, MCVIX, XLK, SUB.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":27,"newTickers":["XLU","OIH","AMZN","BA","SAMT","IJR","DGRO","IDV","RSP","MCVIX","XLK","SUB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001217","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 27 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 43 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Rick Scott appears in 27 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 43 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 27 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (12); pfd holding voted industry (3); spouse holding industry vote (3); employer bundling (2); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":27,"totalFindings":43,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":12},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001217","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_S001217_2022","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 15 ticker holdings between 2021 and 2022 — including AAPL, ABT, AEM, BAC, CCI, DVY","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2022 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 15 ticker holdings present in the 2021 filing but absent in 2022. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: AAPL, ABT, AEM, BAC, CCI, DVY, EPD, FUN, GILD, GOOGL, JNJ, KBWB.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2021,2022],"count":15,"divestedTickers":["AAPL","ABT","AEM","BAC","CCI","DVY","EPD","FUN","GILD","GOOGL","JNJ","KBWB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b432499c-a4c9-41a2-b341-3642a428dd74/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b432499c-a4c9-41a2-b341-3642a428dd74/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_S001217_2023","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott filed 5 amendments to the 2023 Senate annual disclosure — 16 total amendments across 3 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Rick Scott's Senate eFD record shows 5 amendments to the 2023 report alone, with 16 amendments across 3 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2023,"amendmentCount":5,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":16,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":3,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 2)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/186efc88-56c5-4dc9-a8b5-68698349055e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0a621967-8fcd-40e6-8482-6f4fd367ab52/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0d52938-3545-477b-8598-daa72ce2805a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fee9e2f4-a385-451d-bd55-cb149f552c3b/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/186efc88-56c5-4dc9-a8b5-68698349055e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0a621967-8fcd-40e6-8482-6f4fd367ab52/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott discloses 25 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (15 top-bracket + 10 unascertainable, 17% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 25 opaque-value entries (15 top-bracket, 10 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 17% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Personal Residence LLC Company: Personal Residence LLC (Naples, FL) Description: Holding company for (--) · Personal Residence - Naples Description: Personal Residence - Naples (Naples, FL) ($25,000,001 - $50,000,000) · Richard L. Scott Trust (--) · Engine Capital, LP Description : Private Investment Vehicle (New York, NY) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Pershing Advisor Solutions - BNY Mellon (New York, NY) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account, Money Market A ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":25,"topBracketCount":15,"unascertCount":10,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.168,"samples":[{"asset":"Personal Residence LLC Company: Personal Residence LLC (Naples, FL) Description: Holding company for","value":"--"},{"asset":"Personal Residence - Naples Description: Personal Residence - Naples (Naples, FL)","value":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000"},{"asset":"Richard L. Scott Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Engine Capital, LP Description : Private Investment Vehicle (New York, NY)","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Pershing Advisor Solutions - BNY Mellon (New York, NY) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account, Money Market A","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Scott discloses 4 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: University of Maryland Sys Auxiliary Fac & Tuit Revenue Bond · Port Portland Oregon Airport Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.0%  · Ancora Impact Fund LP Series X Description : Private Investm · University of Maryland Sys Auxiliary Fac & Tuit Revenue Bond.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":4,"properties":[{"name":"University of Maryland Sys Auxiliary Fac & Tuit Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 4.0% Matures: 04/01/2041","type":"Government Securities Municipal Security","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Port Portland Oregon Airport Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 07/01/2030","type":"Government Securities Municipal Security","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Ancora Impact Fund LP Series X Description : Private Investment Partnership (Cleveland, OH) Filer comment: No ","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"University of Maryland Sys Auxiliary Fac & Tuit Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 4.0% Matures: 04/01/2041","type":"Government Securities Municipal Security","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott discloses 43 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 43 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: AG SF (L) L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership  · Canyon Laurel Fund L.P. Description : Private Investment Par · OVO Fund II, LLC Description : Private Investment Partnershi · Engine Capital, LP Description : Private Investment Vehicle .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":43,"holdings":[{"name":"AG SF (L) L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Canyon Laurel Fund L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership (Los Angeles, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"OVO Fund II, LLC Description : Private Investment Partnership (Los Altos, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Engine Capital, LP Description : Private Investment Vehicle (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"name":"Nokomis Capital Partners, L.P. Description : Private Investment Vehicle (Dallas, TX)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"G. Scott Capital Partners Description : Private Investment Vehicle (Rowayton, CT)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"VSS Structured Capital III, L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Casdin Partners, LP Description : Private Investment Partnership (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P88_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott's 2025 PFD: 29 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 29 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($25,000,001 - $50,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($25,000,001 - $50,000,000) · GLDM ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":29,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Personal Residence - Naples Description: Personal Residence - Naples (Naples, FL)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Engine Capital, LP Description : Private Investment Vehicle (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"VCA TCG Holdings, LLC Company: VCA TCG Holdings, LLC (Wilmington, DE) Description: Professional engi","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Airplanes Description : Airplanes","type":"Personal Property Other Property","value":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000"},{"ticker":"GLDM","asset":"GLDM - SPDR Gold MiniShares","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Stonepine Capital, L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership (Bend, Oregon)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"A","asset":"Fortress Credit Opportunities Fund V Expansion (A) LP Description : Private Investment Partnership (","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"ITE Rail Fund, LP c/o ITE Rail GP LLC Description : Private Investment Partnership (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_S001217","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott's campaign paid $101,711,298 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514)","explanation":"Rick Scott's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 82 payments totaling $101,711,298 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514 across 53 payments, services: MEDIA · ADVERTISING PRODUCTION · PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":101711298.41999999,"paymentCount":82,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"descriptions":["MEDIA","ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA BUY","MEDIA PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","total":965575,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA PLACEMENT"]}],"surname":"scott"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S8FL00273&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Scott (Florida) discloses 4 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Maryland (2)","explanation":"Rick Scott represents Florida but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Florida (1 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Maryland: 2 · Oregon: 1 · Ohio: 1. Sample: University of Maryland Sys Auxiliary Fac & Tuit Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 4.0% Matures: 04/01/2041 (Maryland) · Port Portland Oregon Airport Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 07/01/2030 (Oregon) · Ancora Impact Fund LP Series X Description : Private Investment Partnership (Cleveland, OH) Filer co (Ohio).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Florida","inStateCount":1,"outOfStateCount":4,"byState":{"MD":2,"OR":1,"OH":1},"samples":[{"name":"University of Maryland Sys Auxiliary Fac & Tuit Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 4.0% Matures: 04/01/2041","type":"Government Securities Municipal Security","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"MD"},{"name":"Port Portland Oregon Airport Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 07/01/2030","type":"Government Securities Municipal Security","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"OR"},{"name":"Ancora Impact Fund LP Series X Description : Private Investment Partnership (Cleveland, OH) Filer co","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)","state":"OH"},{"name":"University of Maryland Sys Auxiliary Fac & Tuit Revenue Bond Rate/Coupon: 4.0% Matures: 04/01/2041","type":"Government Securities Municipal Security","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"MD"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_S001217","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott filed 11 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 226 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Rick Scott has filed 11 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 226 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2019 (226d late, filed 12/27/2019) · 2021 (93d late, filed 08/16/2021) · 2021 (93d late, filed 08/16/2021) · 2022 (92d late, filed 08/15/2022).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":11,"maxDaysLate":226,"samples":[{"year":2019,"filingDate":"12/27/2019","daysLate":226,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7c6317f-7924-4f99-9462-0a1e4dc3fdcf/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"08/16/2021","daysLate":93,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8fcc6957-9253-468d-aeef-470ae619622b/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"08/16/2021","daysLate":93,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6b9fb205-454a-470b-b4cb-351f053b75e8/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"08/15/2022","daysLate":92,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b432499c-a4c9-41a2-b341-3642a428dd74/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b7c6317f-7924-4f99-9462-0a1e4dc3fdcf/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8fcc6957-9253-468d-aeef-470ae619622b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6b9fb205-454a-470b-b4cb-351f053b75e8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Scott's 2025 PFD lists 3 entities bearing the surname \"Scott\" — top: Richard L. Scott Trust","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 3 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Scott\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Richard L. Scott Trust (asset) · G. Scott Capital Partners Description (asset) · 2015 Scott Family Management Trust (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Scott","count":3,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Richard L. Scott Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"G. Scott Capital Partners Description : Private Investment Vehicle (Rowayton, CT)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund"},{"source":"asset","entry":"2015 Scott Family Management Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Scott holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — L","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: L ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"L","asset":"AG SF (L) L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership (New York, NY)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P132_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P132_PFD_PARTNERSHIP_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott's 2025 PFD lists 43 private-fund / LP / LLC holdings — opaque portfolio profile","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 43 private-fund-structured holdings — limited partnerships, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, fund of funds, family offices. These structures (a) defer income recognition until distributions are made, (b) allow carried-interest tax preference for fund managers, (c) obscure underlying portfolio-company names from the public PFD form (only the fund name is reported), and (d) limit liquidity, reducing the senator's ability to comply with STOCK Act timely-disclosure rules even if they wished to. Heavy concentration in private-fund vehicles is the most opaque PFD asset class — journalists investigating a senator's actual sector exposure must obtain the fund's quarterly investor letters or SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure to see what's inside. Holdings: AG SF (L) L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership  · Canyon Laurel Fund L.P. Description : Private Investment Par · OVO Fund II, LLC Description : Private Investment Partnershi · Engine Capital, LP Description : Private Investment Vehicle  · Nokomis Capital Partners, L.P. Description : Private Investm.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_partnership_heavy","year":"2025","count":43,"holdings":[{"name":"AG SF (L) L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Canyon Laurel Fund L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership (Los Angeles, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"OVO Fund II, LLC Description : Private Investment Partnership (Los Altos, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Engine Capital, LP Description : Private Investment Vehicle (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"name":"Nokomis Capital Partners, L.P. Description : Private Investment Vehicle (Dallas, TX)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"G. Scott Capital Partners Description : Private Investment Vehicle (Rowayton, CT)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"VSS Structured Capital III, L.P. Description : Private Investment Partnership (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Casdin Partners, LP Description : Private Investment Partnership (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P133_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $468.0M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $468.0M (asset midpoint $483.0M minus liability midpoint $15.0M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":468038370,"netWorthM":468.04,"totalAssetMid":483038370.5,"totalLiabMid":15000000.5,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_S001217","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $267M across 8 cycles","explanation":"Rick Scott's FEC-bulk record shows $266.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 8 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":266.52,"cycleCount":8,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8FL00273"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8FL00273/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_S001217","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Scott disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL WTT $1,000,001 - $5,000,000","explanation":"Rick Scott has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL WTT $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2023-08-15 · SELL WTT $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2023-08-15.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":1500002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"WTT","action":"SELL","date":"2023-08-15","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"WTT","action":"SELL","date":"2023-08-15","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P145_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Scott discloses 2 cash / money-market positions ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: Pershing Advisor Solutions -","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD positions valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: Pershing Advisor Solutions - BNY Mellon (New York, NY) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account, Money Market A ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Pershing Advisor Solutions - BNY Mellon (New York, NY) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account, Money Market A ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"Pershing Advisor Solutions - BNY Mellon (New York, NY) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account, Money Market A","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Pershing Advisor Solutions - BNY Mellon (New York, NY) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account, Money Market A","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P146_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P146_PFD_TREASURY_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Scott discloses 1 Treasury / muni-bond position ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: U.S. Treasury Note 03/20/2025","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 Treasury security, government-agency security, or municipal-bond position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Treasury-heavy portfolios signal conservative wealth preservation but also create direct debt-ceiling exposure: senators voting on debt-limit increases, Treasury auction mechanics, or sovereign-default contingency planning hold the very instruments at issue. The 2023 debt-ceiling crisis and recurring continuing-resolution / shutdown debates demonstrate the policy-volatility risk for senators with concentrated Treasury exposure. Municipal bonds add tax-policy exposure (Section 103 tax-exemption rules, BABs / Build America Bonds, infrastructure-financing bills). Holdings: U.S. Treasury Note 03/20/2025 Rate/Coupon: None Matures: None ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_treasury_heavy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"U.S. Treasury Note 03/20/2025 Rate/Coupon: None Matures: None","type":"Government Securities US Treasury/Agency Security","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/","https://www.budget.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P148_S001217","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott's PAC funding concentrates 94% in Agriculture ($0.61M / $0.65M classified)","explanation":"Rick Scott's PAC donors concentrate 94% in the Agriculture industry — $0.61M of $0.65M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.61M · Finance $0.04M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.61,"totalPacAmountM":0.65,"concentrationPct":93.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.61,"Finance":0.04}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8FL00273/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001217","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott triggers 36 HIGH-severity findings across 46 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Rick Scott accumulates 36 HIGH-severity findings across 46 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":36,"distinctDetectorTypes":46}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S001217","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rick Scott triggers 47 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Rick Scott accumulates findings across 47 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 47 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":47,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P9","P11","P14","P15","P19","P25","P29","P36","P53","P54","P56","P57","P58","P59","P61","P62","P63","P64","P68","P69","P70","P71","P72","P74","P78","P79","P82"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P152_S001217","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Scott operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.1M combined receipts)","explanation":"Rick Scott operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.1M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: LETS GET TO WORK PAC (C00692327) · LET'S GET TO WORK PAC (C00692335).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.13,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00692327","cmteName":"LETS GET TO WORK PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00692335","cmteName":"LET'S GET TO WORK PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00692327/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00692335/"]},{"id":"P156_S001217","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Scott's PFD earned income grew 2.0× year-over-year — 2022 $184K → 2023 $370K","explanation":"Rick Scott's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $184,167 in 2022 to $370,033 in 2023 — a 2.0× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2022","priorIncome":184167,"latestYear":"2023","latestIncome":370033,"growthFactor":2.01,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/02da7f90-cff8-44be-9862-dcd8082b16e5/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/186efc88-56c5-4dc9-a8b5-68698349055e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/186efc88-56c5-4dc9-a8b5-68698349055e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/02da7f90-cff8-44be-9862-dcd8082b16e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P157_S001217","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Scott ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 630 sponsored, 1,713 cosponsored","explanation":"Rick Scott's congress.gov record shows 630 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":630,"cosponsoredCount":1713,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/rick-scott/S001217","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Scott's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 149 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 149 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":149,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_S001217","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott's PFD net worth declined 101% year-over-year — 2018 $312.87M → 2018 $-1.57M","explanation":"Rick Scott's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $312.87M in 2018 to $-1.57M in 2018 — a 101% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2018","priorNetWorthM":312.87,"latestYear":"2018","latestNetWorthM":-1.57,"declinePct":100.5,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb39f3c0-8852-4c2c-9194-6be97c6f087e/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/113ff9cd-3de3-4fec-97e8-589d19c7c6ee/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/113ff9cd-3de3-4fec-97e8-589d19c7c6ee/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cb39f3c0-8852-4c2c-9194-6be97c6f087e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_FL_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"FL delegation: Rick Scott & Ashley Moody both flagged on 20 shared detector types (6 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from FL — Rick Scott and Ashley Moody — are flagged on the same 20 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 6 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P11, P15, P19, P29, P36, P53, P54, P62.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"FL","juniorSenatorBid":"M001244","juniorSenatorName":"Ashley Moody","sharedDetectorCount":20,"sharedHighCount":6,"sharedDetectors":["P11","P15","P19","P29","P36","P53","P54","P62","P63","P68","P70","P71","P83","P84","P85","P88"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001217","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001244"]},{"id":"P175_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott's 2025 PFD reports $15.00M in total liabilities (2 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $15.00M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 2 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 3% of total assets ($483.04M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":15,"totalAssetMidM":483.04,"liabCount":2,"leverageRatio":0.031,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P192_S001217_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rick Scott — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Rick Scott's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/394a3895-fad5-4242-92f2-3f01ad964358/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_S001217","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Scott — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($133.3M)","explanation":"Rick Scott is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $133.3M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":133261080,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8FL00273/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001089":[{"id":"P6_H001089_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,979,588 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Senate Conservatives Fund (also direct donor)","explanation":"Senate Conservatives Fund spent $1,979,588 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 422 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"Senate Conservatives Fund","support":1979588.4200000027,"oppose":0,"events":422},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","total":256507.00000000003}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P7_H001089_iaj235","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $30,976,139 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $30,976,139 opposing this member across 690 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":30976139.400000002,"totalSupport":2900996.879999999,"events":690,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":18115661.62},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":4366233.33},{"name":"Priorities USA Action","oppose":4171341.5399999977},{"name":"Majority Forward","oppose":3740736.8999999994},{"name":"Patriots Prevail PAC","oppose":379164.6}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_H001089_2elcql","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$430,823 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $430,823 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":430823.3,"events":2,"byYear":{"2018":430823.3},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30002802","name":"MAJORITY FORWARD","total":430823.3,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001089_9lkge6","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,350,845 / spent $1,297,436","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00692640","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR MISSOURI PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":20000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":20000},{"cmteId":"C00692640","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR MISSOURI PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":327580,"totalDisbursements":219717.5,"cashOnHand":127862.47},{"cmteId":"C00692640","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR MISSOURI PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":252411.3,"totalDisbursements":279331.7,"cashOnHand":100942.15},{"cmteId":"C00692640","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR MISSOURI PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":628081.2,"totalDisbursements":328455.8,"cashOnHand":400567.54},{"cmteId":"C00692640","cmteName":"FIGHTING FOR MISSOURI PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":122772.4,"totalDisbursements":469931.3,"cashOnHand":53408.64}],"totalRaised":1350844.9,"totalSpent":1297436.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001089_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"51331 employees of RETIRED gave $5,660,403 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 51331× RETIRED = $5,660,403; 23243× NONE = $1,907,861. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":51331,"total":5660403,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":23243,"total":1907861,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001089_o090hr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$368,865 donation spike on 2018-10-17 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-17 this committee recorded $368,865 across 572 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $58,543.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652727","date":"2018-10-17","amount":368865,"count":572,"baseline":58543,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652727/"]},{"id":"P15_H001089_9bgoln","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$351,150 donation spike on 2017-09-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-30 this committee recorded $351,150 across 161 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $58,504.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652727","date":"2017-09-30","amount":351150,"count":161,"baseline":58504,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652727/"]},{"id":"P15_H001089_nzuyto","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$315,069 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $315,069 across 570 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $39,461.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652727","date":"2018-09-30","amount":315069,"count":570,"baseline":39461,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652727/"]},{"id":"P15_H001089_nzt1v3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$286,475 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $286,475 across 265 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,783.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652727","date":"2018-06-30","amount":286475,"count":265,"baseline":23783,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652727/"]},{"id":"P15_H001089_nzr4wj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,750 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $139,750 across 116 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,305.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652727","date":"2018-03-31","amount":139750,"count":116,"baseline":18305,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652727/"]},{"id":"P15_H001089_nzubrr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,155 donation spike on 2018-08-07 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-08-07 this committee recorded $125,155 across 206 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,375.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652727","date":"2018-08-07","amount":125155,"count":206,"baseline":17375,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652727/"]},{"id":"P19_H001089_906r15","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley campaign paid $684,190 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: PURPURA, SALVATORE","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's campaign paid 83 disbursements totaling $684,190 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PURPURA, SALVATORE","total":577065.22,"count":81,"samples":[{"payee":"PURPURA, SALVATORE","amount":23000,"date":"2023-01-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"purpura","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"PURPURA, SALVATORE","amount":18940.79,"date":"2017-01-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"purpura","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PURPURA, SALVATORE","amount":17500,"date":"2012-02-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"purpura","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HAWLEY, STEVEN","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HAWLEY, STEVEN","amount":100000,"date":"2024-07-23","description":"28.77 ETHEREUM RECEIVED SIMULTANEOUSLY CONVERTED TO USDC, LIQUIDATED","surnameMatched":"hawley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SALVATORE PURPURA","total":7125,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SALVATORE PURPURA","amount":7125,"date":"2015-10-03","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"purpura","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PURPURA"]},{"id":"P25_H001089_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of PAC dollars ($5,947,998) come from Party industry","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":5947998.21,"share":81.3,"totalPAC":7319278.359999999,"pacCount":12},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":5947998.21,"share":81.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":652351.44,"share":8.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":390415.10000000003,"share":5.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":254127.61000000002,"share":3.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_H001089_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MO R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAWLEY, Joshua David voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 3"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":664,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from host"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_H001089_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SMP both supported ($8,573) and opposed ($18,115,662) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Joshua “Josh” Hawley advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"SMP","support":8573.12,"oppose":18115661.62,"events":42}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P36_H001089","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":12,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_H001089_CHAIN_BRIDGE_BANK_N_A_","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. $14.9M — vendor also donated $254,127.61","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's campaign committee paid $14,900,000 to CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $254,127.61 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 58.6× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A.","total":14900000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20N.A."},{"source":"donor","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK","total":254127.61000000002,"count":17,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20N.A.","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"]},{"id":"P51_H001089_CHAIN_BRIDGE_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid CHAIN BRIDGE BANK $11.3M — vendor also donated $254,127.61","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's campaign committee paid $11,250,000 to CHAIN BRIDGE BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $254,127.61 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 44.3× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK","total":11250000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK","total":254127.61000000002,"count":17,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"]},{"id":"P54_H001089_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (JNJ) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_H001089_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 3 Energy stocks (XOM, CVX, WMB)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM, CVX, WMB) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","CVX","WMB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P57_H001089","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$431K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from MAJORITY FORWARD","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley was the target of $430,823.3 in electioneering communications across 2 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was MAJORITY FORWARD ($430,823.3 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":430823.3,"events":2,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2018":430823.3}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002802","name":"MAJORITY FORWARD","total":430823.3,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002802/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002802/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_H001089","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $85,705.1","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley received campaign contributions totaling $85,705.1 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($46,405.1); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($39,300).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":85705.1,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION CO","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":46405.1,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS CMTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":39300,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_H001089","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $286,475 on 2018-06-30 (12.0× normal)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $286,475 on 2018-06-30 — 12.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":286475,"maxRatio":12,"maxAmount":286475},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-06-30","amount":286475,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":23783,"count":265,"cmteId":"C00652727","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652727&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652727/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00652727&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"]},{"id":"P63_H001089","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 59 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 59 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): PRWCX, RPMGX, FCNTX, FSNZX, FCNKX, ISTB, IEFA, IJR, NWJVX, VWO, IAU, GSFTX, OAKIX, VUG, DBLTX, … (44 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":59,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["PRWCX","RPMGX","FCNTX","FSNZX","FCNKX","ISTB","IEFA","IJR","NWJVX","VWO","IAU","GSFTX","OAKIX","VUG","DBLTX","VTV","DODGX","VTI","VXUS","OEF","FAX","TGBAX","HEDJ","TGLMX","EEM"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_H001089_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Healthcare stocks — JNJ — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2017). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_H001089_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Energy stocks (XOM, CVX, WMB) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Energy stocks — XOM, CVX, WMB — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2017). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM","CVX","WMB"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_H001089_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Finance stocks (JPM, WFC) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Finance stocks — JPM, WFC — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2017). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["JPM","WFC"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P68_H001089","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Owns 2 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.8M","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 2 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $750,000.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Winecup Ranch Description: Ranch-agricul (Farm/Ranch, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Cowboy Rose Cattle Company LLC Company:  (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":2,"totalEstMidpoint":750000.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Winecup Ranch Description: Ranch-agriculture and livestock (Folsom, NM) Filer comment: Spouse holds 1/3 interest in this asset. Asset value and income is spouse's proportionate share.","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"},{"name":"Cowboy Rose Cattle Company LLC Company: Cowboy Rose Cattle Company LLC (Folsom, NM) Description: Ranch-agriculture and livestock Filer comment: Spouse holds one-third interest.","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Spouse","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_H001089","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses $1.1M in personal liabilities (41% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,125,001 in personal liabilities against $2,735,024 in assets — a 41.1% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.1M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1125001,"totalAssetMid":2735024,"leverageRatio":41.1,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.5% (30 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Bank of America Charlotte, NC · Refinancing"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2023 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 7.0% (30 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Ameris Bank Marietta, GA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_H001089_2018","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 9 new ticker holdings in 2018 not present in prior PFD filings — including DBLTX, FSHIX, FRMZX, EEM, IEFA, VIG","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 9 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: DBLTX, FSHIX, FRMZX, EEM, IEFA, VIG, VUG, VTV, GLD.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2018,"count":9,"newTickers":["DBLTX","FSHIX","FRMZX","EEM","IEFA","VIG","VUG","VTV","GLD"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c280be9e-8240-4ccf-bdcb-b071ba510a63/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c280be9e-8240-4ccf-bdcb-b071ba510a63/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001089","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 21 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 30 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley appears in 21 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 30 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 21 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (6); spouse holding industry vote (3); circular vendor donor (2); pfd holding voted industry (2); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":21,"totalFindings":30,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":3},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001089","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_H001089_2019","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 27 ticker holdings between 2018 and 2019 — including FCNKX, DWDP, JPM, SIEGY, MMM, DE","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 27 ticker holdings present in the 2018 filing but absent in 2019. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FCNKX, DWDP, JPM, SIEGY, MMM, DE, XOM, GSK, CVX, JNJ, GE, GM.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2018,2019],"count":27,"divestedTickers":["FCNKX","DWDP","JPM","SIEGY","MMM","DE","XOM","GSK","CVX","JNJ","GE","GM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a7927d73-86c1-4109-84b5-a6ace7a4bcde/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a7927d73-86c1-4109-84b5-a6ace7a4bcde/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_H001089_2022","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley filed 3 amendments to the 2022 Senate annual disclosure — 8 total amendments across 3 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Joshua “Josh” Hawley's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2022 report alone, with 8 amendments across 3 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2022,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":8,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":3,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/804c6291-554d-46c6-8bc8-b0818ffed1ea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c86c4864-bf35-45ee-8372-a289a901c8c6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a6104bc-6bc4-4435-aa17-1a16b8c07ce8/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/804c6291-554d-46c6-8bc8-b0818ffed1ea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c86c4864-bf35-45ee-8372-a289a901c8c6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_H001089_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley discloses 16 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 16 unascertainable, 25% of 64 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 16 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 16 unascertainable) across 64 total reported assets — 25% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Missouri 529 Account Institution: State of Missouri (--) · T Rowe Price (--) · Bank of America IRA (--) · Missouri Deferred Compensation (--) · University of Missouri Retirement Plan (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":16,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":16,"totalAssets":64,"opaqueRatio":0.25,"samples":[{"asset":"Missouri 529 Account Institution: State of Missouri","value":"--"},{"asset":"T Rowe Price","value":"--"},{"asset":"Bank of America IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Missouri Deferred Compensation","value":"--"},{"asset":"University of Missouri Retirement Plan","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_H001089_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 PFD: 32 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (49% of 65 reported assets)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 32 reported holdings owned by Spouse (28), Joint (4), or Dependent (0) — 49% of 65 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Bank of America (Columbia, MO) Type: Checking, Savings · Spouse: T Rowe Price · Spouse: PRWCX - T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund · Spouse: RPMGX - T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":28,"Joint":4,"Dependent":0,"Self":32},"totalAssets":65,"familyShare":0.492,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bank of America (Columbia, MO) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"T Rowe Price","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"PRWCX - T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"RPMGX - T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"University of Missouri Retirement Plan","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_H001089","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's campaign paid $100,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: HAWLEY, STEVEN ($100,000)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $100,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HAWLEY, STEVEN ($100,000 across 1 payments, services: 28.77 ETHEREUM RECEIVED SIMULTANEOUSLY CONVERTED TO USDC, LIQUIDATED). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":100000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HAWLEY, STEVEN","total":100000,"count":1,"descriptions":["28.77 ETHEREUM RECEIVED SIMULTANEOUSLY CONVERTED TO USDC, LIQUIDATED"]}],"surname":"hawley"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S8MO00160&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_H001089","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley filed 4 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 205 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Joshua “Josh” Hawley has filed 4 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 205 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2023 (205d late, filed 12/06/2023) · 2022 (170d late, filed 11/01/2022) · 2022 (170d late, filed 11/01/2022) · 2022 (170d late, filed 11/01/2022).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":4,"maxDaysLate":205,"samples":[{"year":2023,"filingDate":"12/06/2023","daysLate":205,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53c0b046-cc75-4ec3-b4e4-89aa6f193949/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"11/01/2022","daysLate":170,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/804c6291-554d-46c6-8bc8-b0818ffed1ea/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"11/01/2022","daysLate":170,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c86c4864-bf35-45ee-8372-a289a901c8c6/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"11/01/2022","daysLate":170,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9a6104bc-6bc4-4435-aa17-1a16b8c07ce8/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53c0b046-cc75-4ec3-b4e4-89aa6f193949/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/804c6291-554d-46c6-8bc8-b0818ffed1ea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c86c4864-bf35-45ee-8372-a289a901c8c6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_H001089_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley discloses 2 precious-metal holdings on 2025 PFD — IAU - iShares Gold Trust, IAU - iShares Gold Trust","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 precious-metal positions (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: IAU - iShares Gold Trust · IAU - iShares Gold Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"IAU - iShares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"IAU - iShares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_H001089_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Bank of America","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$500,001 - $1,000,000) at 2.5% (30 years) from Bank of America.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.5% (30 years)","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","creditor":"Bank of America Charlotte, NC","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_H001089","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($19.0M total receipts) — top: JOSH HAWLEY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $19.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: JOSH HAWLEY COMMITTEE (C00779223, $15.3M receipts, treasurer PURPURA, SALVATORE MR). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":19.02,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00779223","name":"JOSH HAWLEY COMMITTEE","receipts":15307321.86,"treasurer":"PURPURA, SALVATORE MR","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00779223/"},{"committeeId":"C00656926","name":"HAWLEY VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":2632060.02,"treasurer":"DAVIS, KEITH A","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00656926/"},{"committeeId":"C00669986","name":"HAWLEY WIN FUND","receipts":1077120.46,"treasurer":"OTTENHOFF, BENJAMIN","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00669986/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00779223/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00779223/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_H001089","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's PFD net worth grew 3.4× in 8 years — 2017 $0.47M → 2025 $1.61M (CAGR 16.5%)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.47M in 2017 to $1.61M in 2025 — a 3.4× increase over 8 years (compound annual growth rate: 16.5%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 8-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2017","earliestNetWorthM":0.47,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":1.61,"growthFactor":3.4,"yearsCovered":8,"cagrPct":16.53,"filingCount":17,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P134_H001089","pattern_type":"P134_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH_BEATS_MARKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's PFD net worth grew 16.5% CAGR over 8 years — beats S&P 500 (~10%) by +6.5pp","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.47M in 2017 to $1.61M in 2025 — a 16.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over 8 years. The S&P 500's long-run total-return CAGR has averaged ~10%; this senator's portfolio outperformed the broad market by approximately +6.5 percentage points per year. Sustained outperformance of this magnitude is statistically rare for a buy-and-hold long-only portfolio — most professional managers underperform the index after fees. Sustained outperformance signals one or more of: (a) skilled active management with risk-on positioning during favorable cycles, (b) concentrated successful sector bets (often telegraphed by P130 sector-concentration), (c) business-deal income (book deals, board fees, consulting, executive compensation), or (d) external windfall (inheritance, real-estate appreciation in concentrated geography). The growth period is the journalist's hook — what specific filings show the inflection points?","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_market_outperformance","earliestYear":"2017","earliestNetWorthM":0.47,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":1.61,"yearsCovered":8,"cagrPct":16.53,"spBenchmarkCagrPct":10,"outperformancePct":6.53,"filingCount":15,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/502a7e9d-a841-42e0-8aa6-a1af23880987/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_H001089","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $82M across 8 cycles","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's FEC-bulk record shows $81.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 8 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":81.87,"cycleCount":8,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8MO00160"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MO00160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_H001089","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's PAC funding concentrates 72% in Agriculture ($0.65M / $0.91M classified)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's PAC donors concentrate 72% in the Agriculture industry — $0.65M of $0.91M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.65M · Finance $0.25M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.65,"totalPacAmountM":0.91,"concentrationPct":72,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.65,"Finance":0.25}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MO00160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_H001089","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 35 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 35 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":35}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_H001089","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley triggers 36 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley accumulates findings across 36 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 36 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":36,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P10","P14","P15","P19","P25","P29","P35","P36","P51","P54","P57","P61","P62","P63","P64","P68","P69","P74","P78","P79","P82","P83","P87","P90","P93","P95","P96"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P160_H001089_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 PFD shows 6 broad-market index funds (32% of 19 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 of 19 ticker holdings (32%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: IJR, VWO, VUG, VTV, VTI, VXUS.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":6,"totalTickers":19,"ratio":0.32,"broadTickers":["IJR","VWO","VUG","VTV","VTI","VXUS"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P161_H001089_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 PFD includes 5 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Missouri Target Date 2045 Fund · FSNZX - Fidelity Freedom 2045 Fund Class K · FSNZX - Fidelity Freedom 2045 Fund Class K · Principal Lifetime Hybrid 2045 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"asset":"Missouri Target Date 2045 Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"FSNZX - Fidelity Freedom 2045 Fund Class K","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"FSNZX - Fidelity Freedom 2045 Fund Class K","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Principal Lifetime Hybrid 2045 Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"Fidelity Freedom 2045 K Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_H001089_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 64 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 64 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":64,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_H001089","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's PFD net worth declined 54% year-over-year — 2018 $1.04M → 2018 $0.47M","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $1.04M in 2018 to $0.47M in 2018 — a 54% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2018","priorNetWorthM":1.04,"latestYear":"2018","latestNetWorthM":0.47,"declinePct":54.26,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0e75325-50ba-46d4-9877-fb6feaeb8536/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1320bb02-cd51-4a20-96fb-325eac093fe5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1320bb02-cd51-4a20-96fb-325eac093fe5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e0e75325-50ba-46d4-9877-fb6feaeb8536/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_MO_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MO delegation: Joshua “Josh” Hawley & Eric Schmitt both flagged on 17 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MO — Joshua “Josh” Hawley and Eric Schmitt — are flagged on the same 17 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P8, P14, P15, P19, P29, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MO","otherSenatorBid":"S001227","otherSenatorName":"Eric Schmitt","sharedDetectorCount":17,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P8","P14","P15","P19","P29","P36","P57","P62","P74","P90","P93","P95","P109","P160"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001089","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001227"]},{"id":"P193_H001089_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley — 29 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's 2025 Senate PFD shows 29 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":29,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53ce291b-801b-4ace-a441-cc1d88c86069/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_H001089","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley — DW-NOMINATE 0.83 vs MO delegation mean 0.17 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.83) is 1.5 standard deviations from the MO delegation mean (0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MO","memberScore":0.83,"delegationMean":0.17192307692307693,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P199_H001089","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($40.9M)","explanation":"Joshua “Josh” Hawley is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $40.9M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":40933270,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MO00160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001208":[{"id":"P6_S001208_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$10,046,680 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $10,046,680 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":10046680,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,446,750 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BlackPAC","explanation":"BlackPAC spent $2,446,750 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"BlackPAC","support":2446750,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_uwcmqd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,436,955 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Independence USA PAC","explanation":"Independence USA PAC spent $2,436,955 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00532705","name":"Independence USA PAC","support":2436955.11,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00532705/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,407,095 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CFFE PAC","explanation":"CFFE PAC spent $2,407,095 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 29 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"CFFE PAC","support":2407095,"oppose":0,"events":29}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,362,635 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $2,362,635 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":2362634.5299999993,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_tfiixs","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,898,853 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WinSenate","explanation":"WinSenate spent $1,898,853 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00865444","name":"WinSenate","support":1898853.4400000002,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00865444/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_vedzfm","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,503,064 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from VoteVets","explanation":"VoteVets spent $1,503,064 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00418897","name":"VoteVets","support":1503063.5199999998,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00418897/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_tys09t","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,278,112 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Somos PAC","explanation":"Somos PAC spent $1,278,112 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00724203","name":"Somos PAC","support":1278112.07,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00724203/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_tw3lw7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,251,975 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Shield PAC","explanation":"Shield PAC spent $1,251,975 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00770149","name":"Shield PAC","support":1251975,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770149/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,190,382 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $1,190,382 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":1190381.76,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_ufw19a","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,182,222 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from For Our Future","explanation":"For Our Future spent $1,182,222 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 39 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00620971","name":"For Our Future","support":1182221.69,"oppose":0,"events":39}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620971/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_tegty2","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$483,373 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FC PAC","explanation":"FC PAC spent $483,373 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00882555","name":"FC PAC","support":483373.01999999996,"oppose":530825.73,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00882555/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_va4uc7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$683,718 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Nurses United for Patient Prote","explanation":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection spent $683,718 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00490375","name":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection","support":683717.66,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00490375/"]},{"id":"P6_S001208_uuldh9","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$520,018 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from MI Planned Parenthood Votes","explanation":"MI Planned Parenthood Votes spent $520,018 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00568931","name":"MI Planned Parenthood Votes","support":520017.6,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568931/"]},{"id":"P7_S001208_fyst5e","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $65,949,153 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $65,949,153 opposing this member across 963 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":65949152.52999998,"totalSupport":33942065.09000001,"events":963,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":32331391.300000004},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":10984394.14},{"name":"NRCC","oppose":9809820.79},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":5372482.97},{"name":"GLCF, INC.","oppose":4488561.58}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001208_vr13co","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$145,380 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $145,380 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":146702.18000000002,"oppose":1322.02,"net":145380.16000000003,"events":80,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":111359.29000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":20851.27,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":9242.17,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":5211,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":1266.55,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001208_al80h5","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,071,758 / spent $1,295,180","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00832147","cmteName":"MITTEN PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":580421.8,"totalDisbursements":355688.2,"cashOnHand":224733.6},{"cmteId":"C00832147","cmteName":"MITTEN PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":1491336.1,"totalDisbursements":939492.2,"cashOnHand":776577.53}],"totalRaised":2071757.9000000001,"totalSpent":1295180.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001208_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"132285 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $17,012,716 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 132285× NOT EMPLOYED = $17,012,716; 21811× NOT EMPLOYED = $5,124,652; 11737× SELF EMPLOYED = $2,459,846. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":132285,"total":17012716,"years":["2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":21811,"total":5124652,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":11737,"total":2459846,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001208_ejcsl6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,100 donation spike on 2017-07-26 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-07-26 this committee recorded $92,100 across 66 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,022.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650150","date":"2017-07-26","amount":92100,"count":66,"baseline":8022,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650150/"]},{"id":"P15_S001208_etwdhr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,930 donation spike on 2019-12-16 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-16 this committee recorded $83,930 across 155 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,214.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650150","date":"2019-12-16","amount":83930,"count":155,"baseline":8214,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650150/"]},{"id":"P15_S001208_2r0lvh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,722 donation spike on 2021-06-29 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-29 this committee recorded $67,722 across 90 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,024.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650150","date":"2021-06-29","amount":67722,"count":90,"baseline":11024,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650150/"]},{"id":"P15_S001208_ufad58","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$718,952 donation spike on 2023-02-27 — 16.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-02-27 this committee recorded $718,952 across 788 contributions — 16.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $44,181.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00834218","date":"2023-02-27","amount":718952,"count":788,"baseline":44181,"ratio":16.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00834218/"]},{"id":"P15_S001208_ufad57","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,800 donation spike on 2023-02-26 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-02-26 this committee recorded $55,800 across 19 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,489.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00834218","date":"2023-02-26","amount":55800,"count":19,"baseline":4489,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00834218/"]},{"id":"P19_S001208_xqxpaf","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elissa Slotkin campaign paid $1,062,115 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: PETTERSON, JAY","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin's campaign paid 244 disbursements totaling $1,062,115 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","total":166155.06,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-08-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-07-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2004-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALKIEK, GHADA R.","total":163601.02000000005,"count":52,"samples":[{"payee":"ALKIEK, GHADA R.","amount":4467.27,"date":"2022-04-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"alkiek","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ALKIEK, GHADA R.","amount":4467.26,"date":"2022-05-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"alkiek","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ALKIEK, GHADA R.","amount":3964.78,"date":"2021-01-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"alkiek","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","total":158643.75,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-01-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-04-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2003-06-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","total":65116,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":4225,"date":"2003-11-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":3997.5,"date":"2003-04-07","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":3607.5,"date":"2003-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","total":53305.219999999994,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-12-03","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-11-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PETTERSON"]},{"id":"P25_S001208_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of PAC dollars ($305,273) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":305273,"share":62.8,"totalPAC":486273,"pacCount":5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":305273,"share":62.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":166000,"share":34.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":10000,"share":2.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":5000,"share":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001208_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SLOTKIN, Elissa voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_S001208_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $33,942,065 supporting member — 1.2× their own $27,285,709 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.2×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":33942065.09000001,"events":963},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":27285709},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.24},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Senate Leadership Fund","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"NRSC","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Protect Progress","support":10046680}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_S001208_tegty2","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"FC PAC both supported ($483,373) and opposed ($530,826) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Elissa Slotkin advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00882555","name":"FC PAC","support":483373.01999999996,"oppose":530825.73,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00882555/"]},{"id":"P36_S001208","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 distinct pattern types firing across 28 total findings","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin has findings in 11 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":11,"totalFindings":28,"highSeverityCount":18,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_S001208","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$147K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 76% from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin received $146,702.18 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO ($111,359.29 = 76%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":146702.18000000002,"oppose":1322.02,"byYear":{"2018":4894.34,"2020":5665.68,"2022":115874.36,"2024":123339.53999999998},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":111359.29000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":20851.27,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":9242.17,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":5211,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":1266.55,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_S001208","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $718,952 on 2023-02-27 (16.3× normal)","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $718,952 on 2023-02-27 — 16.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":950782,"maxRatio":16.3,"maxAmount":718952},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-02-27","amount":718952,"ratio":16.3,"baselineDaily":44181,"count":788,"cmteId":"C00834218","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00834218&min_date=2023-02-27&max_date=2023-02-27"},{"source":"spike","date":"2017-07-26","amount":92100,"ratio":11.5,"baselineDaily":8022,"count":66,"cmteId":"C00650150","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00650150&min_date=2017-07-26&max_date=2017-07-26"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-12-16","amount":83930,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":8214,"count":155,"cmteId":"C00650150","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00650150&min_date=2019-12-16&max_date=2019-12-16"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-02-26","amount":55800,"ratio":12.4,"baselineDaily":4489,"count":19,"cmteId":"C00834218","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00834218&min_date=2023-02-26&max_date=2023-02-26"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00834218/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00834218&min_date=2023-02-27&max_date=2023-02-27"]},{"id":"P70_S001208","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Officer at Pin Point Consultants Holly, Michigan","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Pin Point Consultants Holly, Michigan (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Feb 2017 to May 2025","role":"Officer","entity":"Pin Point Consultants Holly, Michigan","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001208","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 32 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 32 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (14); daily donation spike (5); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":32,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":14},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001208","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P93_S001208","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elissa Slotkin filed 2 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 148 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Elissa Slotkin has filed 2 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 148 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (148d late, filed 10/10/2025) · 2025 (84d late, filed 08/07/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":2,"maxDaysLate":148,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"10/10/2025","daysLate":148,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/07/2025","daysLate":84,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b77c404e-584c-45be-9a9d-5df5b7e4141a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b77c404e-584c-45be-9a9d-5df5b7e4141a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P96_S001208_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elissa Slotkin owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Bank of America","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 4.875% (30 year fixed) from Bank of America.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.875% (30 year fixed)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Bank of America Charlotte, North Carolina","incurred":"2011"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P103_S001208_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elissa Slotkin holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2025 PFD — top: Officer · Pin Point Consultants Holly,","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Officer · Pin Point Consultants Holly, (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Pin Point Consultants Holly, Michigan","entityType":"Company","dates":"Feb 2017 to May 2025"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_S001208_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elissa Slotkin holds 2 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — IBM ($3.6M), KD ($1.7M)","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $5.3M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: IBM ($3.6M, 4 filings) · KD ($1.7M, 9 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalLobbyAcrossM":5.29,"holdings":[{"ticker":"IBM","totalLobby":3630000,"recordCount":4,"topClient":"INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION (IBM)"},{"ticker":"KD","totalLobby":1660000,"recordCount":9,"topClient":"KYNDRYL INC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P108_S001208_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elissa Slotkin holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $22M) — top: IBM ($21.8M)","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $22M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: IBM ($21.8M, 7 contracts, Federal Communications Commission).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":21.81,"holdings":[{"ticker":"IBM","total":21811577.12,"count":7,"agencies":["Federal Communications Commission","Department of Justice","Department of the Treasury"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/25bb47de-6695-4a3e-8714-49df656bc5fa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_S001208","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elissa Slotkin named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.4M total receipts) — top: SLOTKIN VICTORY FUND 2024","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: SLOTKIN VICTORY FUND 2024 (C00834226, $5.4M receipts, treasurer PETTERSON, JAY). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.41,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00834226","name":"SLOTKIN VICTORY FUND 2024","receipts":5411917.12,"treasurer":"PETTERSON, JAY","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00834226/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00834226/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00834226/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_S001208","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elissa Slotkin's PAC funding concentrates 97% in Technology ($0.17M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin's PAC donors concentrate 97% in the Technology industry — $0.17M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.17M · Finance $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.17,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":97.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.17,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MI08102/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001208","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elissa Slotkin triggers 21 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Elissa Slotkin accumulates 21 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":21,"distinctDetectorTypes":23}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P172_MI_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MI delegation: Elissa Slotkin & Gary Peters both flagged on 14 shared detector types (7 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MI — Elissa Slotkin and Gary Peters — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 7 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P10, P19, P29, P31, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MI","otherSenatorBid":"P000595","otherSenatorName":"Gary Peters","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":7,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P10","P19","P29","P31","P36","P58","P70","P93","P106","P108","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001208","https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000595"]}],"B001306":[{"id":"P6_B001306_vtsy06","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$470,696 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Friends of Tiberi","explanation":"Friends of Tiberi spent $470,696 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00347492","name":"Friends of Tiberi","support":470696.44,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00347492/"]},{"id":"P6_B001306_xb7jp1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,173 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE","explanation":"REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE spent $250,173 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00003418","name":"REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE","support":250172.92,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00003418/"]},{"id":"P7_B001306_etmp71","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $982,182 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $982,182 opposing this member across 211 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":982182.3500000008,"totalSupport":912178.8299999998,"events":211,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DCCC","oppose":629853.4600000001},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":191844.25},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":95661.1},{"name":"Priorities USA Action","oppose":36481.22000000001},{"name":"For Our Future","oppose":14357.22}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001306_p88s5p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,250 donation spike on 2024-02-28 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-02-28 this committee recorded $68,250 across 42 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,394.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662650","date":"2024-02-28","amount":68250,"count":42,"baseline":7394,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662650/"]},{"id":"P15_B001306_fwwm0g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,150 donation spike on 2018-02-15 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-02-15 this committee recorded $65,150 across 38 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,951.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662650","date":"2018-02-15","amount":65150,"count":38,"baseline":7951,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662650/"]},{"id":"P15_B001306_ajx1wf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,650 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $50,650 across 32 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,871.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662650","date":"2023-06-30","amount":50650,"count":32,"baseline":5871,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662650/"]},{"id":"P47_B001306_NCTA_The_Internet_and_Televisi_117838","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTA-The Internet and Television Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Balderson sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2025-01-23 held a hearing titled \"Strengthening American Leadership in Wireless Technology\". The witness Michael Powell (NCTA-The Internet and Television Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"117838","title":"Strengthening American Leadership in Wireless Technology","date":"2025-01-23T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Michael Powell","witnessOrg":"NCTA-The Internet and Television Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117838"},{"source":"donor","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20%26%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTAPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117838","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20%26%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTAPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_B001306_Edison_Electric_Institute_118826","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edison Electric Institute testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Balderson sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2026-01-13 held a hearing titled \"“Protecting America’s Energy Infrastructure in Today’s Cyber and Physical Threat Landscape.”\". The witness Scott Aaronson (Edison Electric Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"118826","title":"“Protecting America’s Energy Infrastructure in Today’s Cyber and Physical Threat Landscape.”","date":"2026-01-13T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Scott Aaronson","witnessOrg":"Edison Electric Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118826"},{"source":"donor","name":"POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POWERPAC%20OF%20THE%20EDISON%20ELECTRIC%20INSTITUTE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118826","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POWERPAC%20OF%20THE%20EDISON%20ELECTRIC%20INSTITUTE"]},{"id":"P47_B001306_National_Home_Builders_Associa_118590","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Home Builders Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $7,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Balderson sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-09-09 held a hearing titled \"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Home Builders Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $7,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"118590","title":"“Building the American Dream: Examining Affordability, Choice, and Security in Appliance and Buildings Policies.”","date":"2025-09-09T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Home Builders Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILD-PAC)","total":7000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILD-PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118590","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20(BUILD-PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_B001306_Basin_Electric_Power_Cooperati_117979","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Basin Electric Power Cooperative testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Balderson sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2025-03-05 held a hearing titled \"“Scaling for Growth:  Meeting the Demand for Reliable, Affordable Electricity.”\". The witness Mr. Todd Brickhouse (Basin Electric Power Cooperative) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"117979","title":"“Scaling for Growth:  Meeting the Demand for Reliable, Affordable Electricity.”","date":"2025-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Todd Brickhouse","witnessOrg":"Basin Electric Power Cooperative","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117979"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (A...","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20RURAL%20ELECTRIFICATION%20(A..."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117979","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20RURAL%20ELECTRIFICATION%20(A..."]},{"id":"P47_B001306_National_Rural_Electric_Cooper_115750","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Balderson sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-04-19 held a hearing titled \"Breaking Barriers: Streamlining Permitting to Expedite Broadband Deployment\". The witness Mr. Louis Finkel (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115750","title":"Breaking Barriers: Streamlining Permitting to Expedite Broadband Deployment","date":"2023-04-19T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Louis Finkel","witnessOrg":"National Rural Electric Cooperative Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115750"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION ACTION COMMITTEE FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (A...","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20RURAL%20ELECTRIFICATION%20(A..."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115750","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20NATIONAL%20RURAL%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20RURAL%20ELECTRIFICATION%20(A..."]},{"id":"P47_B001306_NCTA_The_Internet_and_Televisi_115463","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NCTA—The Internet and Television Association testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Balderson sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology, which on 2023-03-10 held a hearing titled \"Defending America’s Wireless Leadership\". The witness James Assey (NCTA—The Internet and Television Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications and Technology","eventId":"115463","title":"Defending America’s Wireless Leadership","date":"2023-03-10T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"James Assey","witnessOrg":"NCTA—The Internet and Television Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115463"},{"source":"donor","name":"NCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION PAC (NCTAPAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20%26%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTAPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115463","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NCTA%20-%20THE%20INTERNET%20%26%20TELEVISION%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%20(NCTAPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_B001306_Community_Oncology_Alliance_116116","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Community Oncology Alliance testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Troy Balderson sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, which on 2023-06-13 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats\". The witness Mr. Ted Okon, MBA (Community Oncology Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health","eventId":"116116","title":"Legislative Solutions to Bolster Preparedness and Response for All Hazards and Public Health Security Threats","date":"2023-06-13T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Ted Okon, MBA","witnessOrg":"Community Oncology Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116"},{"source":"donor","name":"FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116116","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FRIENDS%20OF%20COMMUNITY%20ONCOLOGY%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_B001306","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $145,000","explanation":"Troy Balderson received campaign contributions totaling $145,000 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":145000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_B001306","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Troy Balderson draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.0M PAC / $19.9M total)","explanation":"Troy Balderson's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.0M of $19.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.94,"pacSharePct":50.3,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8OH12180"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH12180/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000592":[{"id":"P6_G000592_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,789,111 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC (also direct donor)","explanation":"DCCC spent $1,789,111 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":1789110.76,"oppose":0,"events":17},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"DCCC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_G000592_ue33ev","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,653,940 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC. spent $1,653,940 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00659011","name":"WITH HONOR FUND, INC.","support":1653939.96,"oppose":0,"events":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659011/"]},{"id":"P6_G000592_th8grf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$934,849 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC. spent $934,849 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00831404","name":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","support":934848.8,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831404/"]},{"id":"P6_G000592_uu4wxt","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$857,858 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from End Citizens United (also direct donor)","explanation":"End Citizens United spent $857,858 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00573261","name":"End Citizens United","support":857857.58,"oppose":0,"events":7},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"END CITIZENS UNITED - URGENT 2024 - UNITEMIZED","total":16480.46}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573261/"]},{"id":"P6_G000592_tv01cq","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$749,160 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from THE MODERATE PAC, INC.","explanation":"THE MODERATE PAC, INC. spent $749,160 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00790089","name":"THE MODERATE PAC, INC.","support":749160,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00790089/"]},{"id":"P6_G000592_uulh5s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$360,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","explanation":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE spent $360,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00568444","name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","support":360000,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568444/"]},{"id":"P6_G000592_uend2v","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$360,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Veterans For Responsible Leadership","explanation":"Veterans For Responsible Leadership spent $360,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00648808","name":"Veterans For Responsible Leadership","support":360000,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648808/"]},{"id":"P6_G000592_tw2to7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$270,412 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN VETERANS SUPPORT GROUP PAC","explanation":"AMERICAN VETERANS SUPPORT GROUP PAC spent $270,412 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 570 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00771865","name":"AMERICAN VETERANS SUPPORT GROUP PAC","support":270411.5999999997,"oppose":0,"events":570}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00771865/"]},{"id":"P7_G000592_twh8da","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $13,632,701 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $13,632,701 opposing this member across 786 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":13632700.719999995,"totalSupport":7371054.529999997,"events":786,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":8435512.41},{"name":"RESTORATION PAC","oppose":3126919.2800000003},{"name":"AMERICA FIRST ACTION, INC.","oppose":1089171.92},{"name":"STRATEGIC MAJORITY PAC","oppose":473545},{"name":"POLE POSITION PAC","oppose":455000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000592_lbdyhu","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,202 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $59,202 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":59202.01,"oppose":0,"net":59202.01,"events":26,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":47980.57,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":7046.7,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":4174.74,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["M","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000592_z8popl","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $193,229 / spent $181,321","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00834101","cmteName":"AS MAINE GOES PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":142656.7,"totalDisbursements":128260.2,"cashOnHand":14396.46},{"cmteId":"C00834101","cmteName":"AS MAINE GOES PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":50572.5,"totalDisbursements":53061,"cashOnHand":11907.96}],"totalRaised":193229.2,"totalSpent":181321.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000592_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24001 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $7,160,987 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 24001× NOT EMPLOYED = $7,160,987; 4313× SELF EMPLOYED = $1,977,130. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":24001,"total":7160987,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":4313,"total":1977130,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000592_n61lro","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$331,360 donation spike on 2025-12-01 — 22.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-01 this committee recorded $331,360 across 123 contributions — 22.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,666.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2025-12-01","amount":331360,"count":123,"baseline":14666,"ratio":22.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P15_G000592_n61lrv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$305,573 donation spike on 2025-12-08 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-08 this committee recorded $305,573 across 167 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,225.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2025-12-08","amount":305573,"count":167,"baseline":25225,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P15_G000592_8h45xz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$180,891 donation spike on 2024-03-07 — 12.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-07 this committee recorded $180,891 across 128 contributions — 12.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,000.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2024-03-07","amount":180891,"count":128,"baseline":14000,"ratio":12.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P15_G000592_zh1d9p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$158,308 donation spike on 2021-03-11 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-11 this committee recorded $158,308 across 105 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,677.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2021-03-11","amount":158308,"count":105,"baseline":11677,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P15_G000592_678u9c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,641 donation spike on 2023-05-25 — 19× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-25 this committee recorded $125,641 across 58 contributions — 19× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,628.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2023-05-25","amount":125641,"count":58,"baseline":6628,"ratio":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P15_G000592_zh4k7k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$108,715 donation spike on 2021-08-19 — 12.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-19 this committee recorded $108,715 across 127 contributions — 12.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,414.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2021-08-19","amount":108715,"count":127,"baseline":8414,"ratio":12.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P15_G000592_66rlm4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,882 donation spike on 2023-11-24 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-11-24 this committee recorded $92,882 across 65 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,650.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2023-11-24","amount":92882,"count":65,"baseline":6650,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P15_G000592_zh1d8x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,608 donation spike on 2021-03-04 — 15.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-04 this committee recorded $89,608 across 60 contributions — 15.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,687.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2021-03-04","amount":89608,"count":60,"baseline":5687,"ratio":15.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P15_G000592_zh4k8c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,430 donation spike on 2021-08-26 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-26 this committee recorded $86,430 across 67 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,201.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653816","date":"2021-08-26","amount":86430,"count":67,"baseline":11201,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/"]},{"id":"P19_G000592_q3vr14","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jared Golden campaign paid $3,864,916 to 42 surname-matched vendors, top: GOLDEN GOOSE STRATEGIES","explanation":"Jared Golden's campaign paid 129 disbursements totaling $3,864,916 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOLDEN GOOSE STRATEGIES","total":657214.02,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"GOLDEN GOOSE STRATEGIES","amount":85867.19,"date":"2023-11-30","description":"ADVANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GOLDEN GOOSE STRATEGIES","amount":82532.86,"date":"2023-12-17","description":"ADVANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GOLDEN GOOSE STRATEGIES","amount":59991.1,"date":"2022-08-31","description":"EVENT STAGING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JENKINS, JONATHAN","total":504646.44,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"JENKINS, JONATHAN","amount":150000,"date":"2018-06-04","description":"SIGNITURE GATHERING EXPENSE- ARNO MEMO","surnameMatched":"jenkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"JENKINS, JONATHAN","amount":100000,"date":"2018-04-27","description":"SIGNITURE GATHERING EXPENSE - INDIE PART","surnameMatched":"jenkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"JENKINS, JONATHAN","amount":95000,"date":"2018-06-11","description":"SIGNITURE GATHERING EXPENSE - AMO PETITI","surnameMatched":"jenkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGY GROUP","total":376320.51999999996,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGY GROUP","amount":57650,"date":"2022-04-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGY GROUP","amount":52203.88,"date":"2018-10-17","description":"SEE MEMO ITEMS","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGY GROUP","amount":44900,"date":"2018-10-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"2024 GOLDEN STATE DELEGATION (FEC ID#C00848804)","total":345588.73,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"2024 GOLDEN STATE DELEGATION (FEC ID#C00848804)","amount":345588.73,"date":"2024-10-08","description":"MONETARY CONTRIBUTION FOR RESTRICTED USE ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURPHY NASICA GOLDEN STATE, LLC","total":325244.42000000004,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MURPHY NASICA GOLDEN STATE, LLC","amount":70133.79,"date":"2020-01-15","description":"CANVASSING COSTS","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MURPHY NASICA GOLDEN STATE, LLC","amount":64243.9,"date":"2020-10-02","description":"CANVASSING COSTS","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MURPHY NASICA GOLDEN STATE, LLC","amount":62645.85,"date":"2020-02-14","description":"CANVASSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGIES, LLC","total":168440,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGIES, LLC","amount":61940,"date":"2018-08-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGIES, LLC","amount":24000,"date":"2010-04-12","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGIES, LLC","amount":22500,"date":"2010-01-19","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"golden","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GOLDEN%20GOOSE%20STRATEGIES"]},{"id":"P26_G000592_q8shh3","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Jared Golden's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BERGER HIRSCHBERG STRATEGIES","total":17000,"fara_registrant":"Berger Hirschberg Strategies, LLC","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P27_G000592_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00887505","name":"GENERATION 18","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00873406","name":"HOUSE VICTORY PROJECT 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00863639","name":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000592","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Jared Golden has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_G000592_COUNTRY_ROADS_PAC","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid COUNTRY ROADS PAC $8.3M — vendor also donated $10,000","explanation":"Jared Golden's campaign committee paid $8,274,361.25 to COUNTRY ROADS PAC across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $10,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 827.4× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"COUNTRY ROADS PAC","total":8274361.25,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=COUNTRY%20ROADS%20PAC"},{"source":"donor","name":"COUNTRY ROADS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COUNTRY%20ROADS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=COUNTRY%20ROADS%20PAC","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COUNTRY%20ROADS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P58_G000592","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$59K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 81% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Jared Golden received $59,202.01 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($47,980.57 = 81%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":59202.01,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2020":16205.560000000001,"2022":22203.390000000003,"2024":42996.45},"corpCount":6},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":47980.57,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":7046.7,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":4174.74,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["M","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000592","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $180,000","explanation":"Jared Golden received campaign contributions totaling $180,000 from 30 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 29 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":30,"totalDollars":180000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000592","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $331,360 on 2025-12-01 (22.6× normal)","explanation":"Jared Golden's campaign committee received 8 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $331,360 on 2025-12-01 — 22.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":8,"totalSpikeDollars":1392978,"maxRatio":22.6,"maxAmount":331360},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-01","amount":331360,"ratio":22.6,"baselineDaily":14666,"count":123,"cmteId":"C00653816","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653816&min_date=2025-12-01&max_date=2025-12-01"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-08","amount":305573,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":25225,"count":167,"cmteId":"C00653816","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653816&min_date=2025-12-08&max_date=2025-12-08"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-07","amount":180891,"ratio":12.9,"baselineDaily":14000,"count":128,"cmteId":"C00653816","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653816&min_date=2024-03-07&max_date=2024-03-07"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-11","amount":158308,"ratio":13.6,"baselineDaily":11677,"count":105,"cmteId":"C00653816","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653816&min_date=2021-03-11&max_date=2021-03-11"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-05-25","amount":125641,"ratio":19,"baselineDaily":6628,"count":58,"cmteId":"C00653816","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653816&min_date=2023-05-25&max_date=2023-05-25"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653816/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00653816&min_date=2025-12-01&max_date=2025-12-01"]},{"id":"P78_G000592","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 29 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jared Golden appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 29 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (9); ie support concentration (8); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":29,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":8},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000592","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000592","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jared Golden's campaign paid $1,782,725 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: GOLDEN GOOSE STRATEGIES ($657,214)","explanation":"Jared Golden's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 43 payments totaling $1,782,725 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GOLDEN GOOSE STRATEGIES ($657,214 across 15 payments, services: ADVANCE CONSULTING · EVENT STAGING EXPENSES · EVENT PRODUCTION CONSULTING-PRIMARY DEBT). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1782724.8099999996,"paymentCount":43,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GOLDEN GOOSE STRATEGIES","total":657214.02,"count":15,"descriptions":["ADVANCE CONSULTING","EVENT STAGING EXPENSES","EVENT PRODUCTION CONSULTING-PRIMARY DEBT"]},{"payee":"GOLDEN STATE STRATEGY GROUP","total":376320.51999999996,"count":12,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","SEE MEMO ITEMS","FUNDRAISING COMMISSIONS"]},{"payee":"2024 GOLDEN STATE DELEGATION (FEC ID#C00848804)","total":345588.73,"count":1,"descriptions":["MONETARY CONTRIBUTION FOR RESTRICTED USE ACCOUNT"]},{"payee":"FREEDOM FUND - JESSICA CALOZA FOR ASSEMBLY 2024, SPONSORED BY GOLDEN STATE LEADERSHIP FUND","total":65000,"count":2,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"GOLDEN STATE PROGRESS","total":60000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","C00656629"]}],"surname":"golden"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8ME02185&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P149_G000592","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jared Golden triggers 13 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jared Golden accumulates 13 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":13,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"H001079":[{"id":"P6_H001079_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$923,197 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $923,197 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":923196.5,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_H001079_uf7uv5","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$270,809 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICA FIRST ACTION, INC.","explanation":"AMERICA FIRST ACTION, INC. spent $270,809 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00637512","name":"AMERICA FIRST ACTION, INC.","support":270808.76,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637512/"]},{"id":"P7_H001079_x90rdn","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,287,855 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,287,855 opposing this member across 90 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1287855.24,"totalSupport":1581124.75,"events":90,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SMP","oppose":873792.85},{"name":"REMEMBER MISSISSIPPI","oppose":207518.88000000003},{"name":"PROTECTING OUR VALUES","oppose":65000},{"name":"NEW SOUTHERN MAJORITY IE PAC","oppose":51543.509999999995},{"name":"PAC for a Change","oppose":35000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_H001079_l3izlu","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$36,692 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $36,692 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":36739.61,"oppose":47.49,"net":36692.12,"events":5,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":23560.22,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":13179.39,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":47.49,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001079_c5ydp4","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,088,219 / spent $957,860","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00678813","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVES HARVESTING SUCCESS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":31411.6,"totalDisbursements":3749.2,"cashOnHand":27662.42},{"cmteId":"C00678813","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVES HARVESTING SUCCESS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":138796.6,"totalDisbursements":92123.2,"cashOnHand":74335.8},{"cmteId":"C00678813","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVES HARVESTING SUCCESS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":242010.7,"totalDisbursements":274975.9,"cashOnHand":41370.65},{"cmteId":"C00678813","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVES HARVESTING SUCCESS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":468935.4,"totalDisbursements":445554.1,"cashOnHand":64752.02},{"cmteId":"C00678813","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVES HARVESTING SUCCESS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":207065.1,"totalDisbursements":141458,"cashOnHand":130359.08}],"totalRaised":1088219.4000000001,"totalSpent":957860.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001079_lcskiu","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"76% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $248,750 in itemized individual contributions, $188,500 (76%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":248750,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":2750,"$500-$999":23000,"$1000-$1999":34500,"$2000 and over":188500},"megaShare":75.8,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001079_fs8q2s","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cindy Hyde-Smith campaign paid $3,187 to 1 surname-matched vendor, top: OZANUS, WILLIAM","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith's campaign paid 1 disbursement totaling $3,187 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"OZANUS, WILLIAM","total":3187,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"OZANUS, WILLIAM","amount":3187,"date":"2008-12-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"ozanus","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=OZANUS"]},{"id":"P25_H001079_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"59% of PAC dollars ($155,424) come from Party industry","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":155424.22000000003,"share":58.6,"totalPAC":265424.22000000003,"pacCount":16},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":155424.22000000003,"share":58.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":55000,"share":20.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":15000,"share":5.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":15000,"share":5.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001079","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_H001079","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $44,900","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith received campaign contributions totaling $44,900 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE ($10,000); JOHN K. CASTLE ($9,900); NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL ($5,000); MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST COMMUNITY COLLEGE ($5,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":44900,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FUND","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN MAJORITY FOR CHOICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CASTLE, JOHN","ldaClient":"JOHN K. CASTLE","donorTotal":9900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMMUNITY BANCSHARES OF MISSISSIPPI PAC","ldaClient":"MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST COMMUNITY COLLEGE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P68_H001079","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Owns 2 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.8M","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 2 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $758,001. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: FARM LINCOLN COUNTY Description: BEEF FA (Farm/Ranch, $500,001 - $1,000,000); BEEF CATTLE Description: SALES OF RAISED (Farm/Ranch, $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":2,"totalEstMidpoint":758001,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"FARM LINCOLN COUNTY Description: BEEF FARM (BROOKHAVEN, MS)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/"},{"name":"BEEF CATTLE Description: SALES OF RAISED AND CULL COWS (BROOKHAVEN, MS)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P71_H001079","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$49,595.39 in outside earned income — top source: PERS OF MISSISSIPPI JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI ($$43,050.38)","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $49,595.39 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: PERS OF MISSISSIPPI JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI ($43,050.38, Pension); MS SUPPLEMENTAL LEGISLATIVE JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI ($6,545.01, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":49595.39,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"PERS OF MISSISSIPPI JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI","amount":"$43,050.38","amountNumeric":43050.38},{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"MS SUPPLEMENTAL LEGISLATIVE JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI","amount":"$6,545.01","amountNumeric":6545.01}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001079","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 12 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 12 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":12,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001079","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P83_H001079_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cindy Hyde-Smith discloses 8 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 8 unascertainable, 23% of 35 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Cindy Hyde-Smith's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 8 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 8 unascertainable) across 35 total reported assets — 23% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: TRUSTMARK FINANCIAL SERVICES (--) · TRUSTMARK FINANCIAL SERVICES (--) · AMERICAN GENERAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY (--) · AMERICAN GENERAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY (--) · SOUTHERN FARM BUREAU INSURANCE COMPANY (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":8,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":8,"totalAssets":35,"opaqueRatio":0.229,"samples":[{"asset":"TRUSTMARK FINANCIAL SERVICES","value":"--"},{"asset":"TRUSTMARK FINANCIAL SERVICES","value":"--"},{"asset":"AMERICAN GENERAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","value":"--"},{"asset":"AMERICAN GENERAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","value":"--"},{"asset":"SOUTHERN FARM BUREAU INSURANCE COMPANY","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_H001079_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cindy Hyde-Smith's 2025 PFD: 20 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (56% of 36 reported assets)","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 20 reported holdings owned by Spouse (11), Joint (5), or Dependent (4) — 56% of 36 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Checking · Joint: TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Checking · Joint: TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Certificate of Deposit · Spouse: TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Certificate of Deposit.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":11,"Joint":5,"Dependent":4,"Self":15},"totalAssets":36,"familyShare":0.556,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Certificate of Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P92_H001079_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cindy Hyde-Smith's 2025 PFD: 4 holdings owned by Dependent Child (3 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Cindy Hyde-Smith's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 4 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 3 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: TRUSTMARK FINANCIAL SERVICES · HCTAX - Hartford Global Capital Appreciation A · GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA (INSURED CASH ACCOUNT) (BRO · JPMORGAN US GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND (BROOKHAV.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":4,"highValueCount":3,"holdings":[{"asset":"TRUSTMARK FINANCIAL SERVICES","type":"Brokerage/Managed Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"HCTAX - Hartford Global Capital Appreciation A","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA (INSURED CASH ACCOUNT) (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"JPMORGAN US GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND (BROOKHAVEN, MS) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/48818935-c48f-4c97-8841-bc0cbe961869/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_H001079","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cindy Hyde-Smith filed 5 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 90 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Cindy Hyde-Smith has filed 5 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 90 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2024 (90d late, filed 08/13/2024) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020) · 2022 (89d late, filed 08/12/2022) · 2023 (88d late, filed 08/11/2023).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":5,"maxDaysLate":90,"samples":[{"year":2024,"filingDate":"08/13/2024","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d20d2883-5d04-4355-901c-cce12f0c9a55/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6cfd92bf-4ce2-45fc-a305-6741fd2e8d25/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"08/12/2022","daysLate":89,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56d60000-e82c-446a-aed7-7714ab4e8bf6/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/11/2023","daysLate":88,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d10da189-d61e-41a8-a0c9-c67ebe675d29/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d20d2883-5d04-4355-901c-cce12f0c9a55/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6cfd92bf-4ce2-45fc-a305-6741fd2e8d25/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/56d60000-e82c-446a-aed7-7714ab4e8bf6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"O000173":[{"id":"P6_O000173_xa2pxb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$323,482 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party","explanation":"Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party spent $323,482 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00025254","name":"Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party","support":323481.66000000003,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00025254/"]},{"id":"P6_O000173_ty5j99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$312,819 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from TAKEACTION MN FEDERAL FUND","explanation":"TAKEACTION MN FEDERAL FUND spent $312,819 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 128 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00738815","name":"TAKEACTION MN FEDERAL FUND","support":312819.25,"oppose":0,"events":128}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00738815/"]},{"id":"P7_O000173_1rbse9","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,729,462 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,729,462 opposing this member across 228 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2729462.0300000007,"totalSupport":1016490.8899999999,"events":228,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Americans for Tomorrow's Future","oppose":2493792.9},{"name":"HONORING AMERICAN LAW ENFORCEMENT PAC","oppose":63750},{"name":"LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC","oppose":63750},{"name":"MAKE A DIFFERENCE MN","oppose":50745.92},{"name":"WE DECIDE","oppose":23504}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_O000173_l4tgbw","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $587,923 / spent $523,392","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00688846","cmteName":"INSPIRING LEADERSHIP HAS A NAME PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":5000},{"cmteId":"C00688846","cmteName":"INSPIRING LEADERSHIP HAS A NAME PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":239470.6,"totalDisbursements":87480.8,"cashOnHand":156989.79},{"cmteId":"C00688846","cmteName":"INSPIRING LEADERSHIP HAS A NAME PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":148449.9,"totalDisbursements":163813.9,"cashOnHand":141625.83},{"cmteId":"C00688846","cmteName":"INSPIRING LEADERSHIP HAS A NAME PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":114875.4,"totalDisbursements":181112.4,"cashOnHand":75388.87},{"cmteId":"C00688846","cmteName":"INSPIRING LEADERSHIP HAS A NAME PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":80127.1,"totalDisbursements":90984.6,"cashOnHand":64531.35}],"totalRaised":587923,"totalSpent":523391.69999999995}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P86_O000173","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ilhan Omar named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Ilhan Omar appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Ilhan Omar","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-ilhan/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-ilhan/"]}],"P000614":[{"id":"P6_P000614_uva9vf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$638,945 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Equality PAC","explanation":"Equality PAC spent $638,945 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 75 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00550970","name":"Equality PAC","support":638945.1999999998,"oppose":0,"events":75}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550970/"]},{"id":"P7_P000614_fj5ejy","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,913,177 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,913,177 opposing this member across 505 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3913177.33,"totalSupport":968129.259999999,"events":505,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3432178.24},{"name":"FREEDOM'S FUTURE FUND INC.","oppose":385000},{"name":"NH FREEDOM FUND, INC.","oppose":90999.09},{"name":"HELLFIRE PAC","oppose":5000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_P000614_9by5ux","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,756 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $55,756 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":56184.92999999999,"oppose":428.85,"net":55756.079999999994,"events":56,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":20615.24,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":15089.68,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":13755.849999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":6724.16,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":428.85,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_P000614_9aleuw","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $312,316 / spent $311,417","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00760009","cmteName":"PUTTING NEW HAMPSHIRE FIRST","year":"2020","totalReceipts":25000,"totalDisbursements":15025.8,"cashOnHand":9974.16},{"cmteId":"C00760009","cmteName":"PUTTING NEW HAMPSHIRE FIRST","year":"2022","totalReceipts":75500,"totalDisbursements":84135.7,"cashOnHand":1338.45},{"cmteId":"C00760009","cmteName":"PUTTING NEW HAMPSHIRE FIRST","year":"2024","totalReceipts":130130.5,"totalDisbursements":128198,"cashOnHand":3270.97},{"cmteId":"C00760009","cmteName":"PUTTING NEW HAMPSHIRE FIRST","year":"2026","totalReceipts":81685,"totalDisbursements":84057,"cashOnHand":899.02}],"totalRaised":312315.5,"totalSpent":311416.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_P000614_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11709 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,768,593 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 11709× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,768,593; 5126× N/A = $2,103,824. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":11709,"total":2768593,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":5126,"total":2103824,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000614_kmjvio","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$131,422 donation spike on 2025-03-28 — 12.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-28 this committee recorded $131,422 across 75 contributions — 12.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,196.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660464","date":"2025-03-28","amount":131422,"count":75,"baseline":10196,"ratio":12.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660464/"]},{"id":"P15_P000614_kmjvjc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,697 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $114,697 across 74 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,696.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660464","date":"2025-03-31","amount":114697,"count":74,"baseline":14696,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660464/"]},{"id":"P15_P000614_5y5l8x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,676 donation spike on 2024-03-08 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-08 this committee recorded $68,676 across 71 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,350.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660464","date":"2024-03-08","amount":68676,"count":71,"baseline":6350,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660464/"]},{"id":"P15_P000614_nemz4r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,326 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $58,326 across 86 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,239.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00660464","date":"2022-03-31","amount":58326,"count":86,"baseline":7239,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660464/"]},{"id":"P19_P000614_mto678","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chris Pappas campaign paid $4,815,990 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: DOYLE STRATEGIES, LLC","explanation":"Chris Pappas's campaign paid 104 disbursements totaling $4,815,990 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOYLE STRATEGIES, LLC","total":3226309.79,"count":45,"samples":[{"payee":"DOYLE STRATEGIES, LLC","amount":288899,"date":"2025-03-13","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"DOYLE STRATEGIES, LLC","amount":240230,"date":"2024-08-27","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DOYLE STRATEGIES, LLC","amount":199950,"date":"2025-03-21","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOYLE STRATEGIES LLC","total":443576.88,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"DOYLE STRATEGIES LLC","amount":100337.88,"date":"2022-09-20","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DOYLE STRATEGIES LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2022-09-23","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DOYLE STRATEGIES LLC","amount":42175,"date":"2022-10-20","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOYLE PRINTING & OFFSET CO.","total":365317.47000000003,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"DOYLE PRINTING & OFFSET CO.","amount":113955.95,"date":"2016-04-19","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DOYLE PRINTING & OFFSET CO.","amount":51606.85,"date":"2016-03-30","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DOYLE PRINTING & OFFSET CO.","amount":34256.72,"date":"2022-06-21","description":"PRINTING AND POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOYLE PRINTING","total":135511.8,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"DOYLE PRINTING","amount":50763.4,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"PRINTING - DOORHANGERS","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DOYLE PRINTING","amount":28918.2,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"PRINTING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DOYLE PRINTING","amount":19186,"date":"2024-10-16","description":"PRINTING/GENERIC GOTV LITERATURE","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JAMES D DOYLE","total":98641.3,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"JAMES D DOYLE","amount":33263.21,"date":"2011-03-10","description":"LEGAL FEE","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"JAMES D DOYLE","amount":27533.01,"date":"2010-06-21","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"JAMES D DOYLE","amount":21345.08,"date":"2010-10-15","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOYLE, ZAKHEM, SHURE, LILLY LLC","total":84000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DOYLE, ZAKHEM, SHURE, LILLY LLC","amount":30000,"date":"2006-02-08","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DOYLE, ZAKHEM, SHURE, LILLY LLC","amount":23000,"date":"2006-10-10","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DOYLE, ZAKHEM, SHURE, LILLY LLC","amount":16000,"date":"2006-09-13","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"doyle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DOYLE%20STRATEGIES"]},{"id":"P36_P000614","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Chris Pappas has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_P000614","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$56K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 37% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Chris Pappas received $56,184.93 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($20,615.24 = 37%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":56184.92999999999,"oppose":428.85,"byYear":{"2018":10379.95,"2020":7922.639999999999,"2022":64100.21999999999,"2024":24993.620000000003},"corpCount":11},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":20615.24,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":15089.68,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":13755.849999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":6724.16,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":428.85,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_P000614","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $155,000","explanation":"Chris Pappas received campaign contributions totaling $155,000 from 23 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":23,"totalDollars":155000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_P000614","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $131,422 on 2025-03-28 (12.9× normal)","explanation":"Chris Pappas's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $131,422 on 2025-03-28 — 12.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":200098,"maxRatio":12.9,"maxAmount":131422},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-28","amount":131422,"ratio":12.9,"baselineDaily":10196,"count":75,"cmteId":"C00660464","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00660464&min_date=2025-03-28&max_date=2025-03-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-08","amount":68676,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":6350,"count":71,"cmteId":"C00660464","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00660464&min_date=2024-03-08&max_date=2024-03-08"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00660464/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00660464&min_date=2025-03-28&max_date=2025-03-28"]},{"id":"P78_P000614","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 14 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Chris Pappas appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 14 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (4); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":14,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000614","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_P000614","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Pappas's PAC funding concentrates 37% in Labor ($0.04M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Chris Pappas's PAC donors concentrate 37% in the Labor industry — $0.04M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.04M · Technology $0.03M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":37,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.04,"Technology":0.03,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NH01210/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"W000822":[{"id":"P6_W000822_vb6e99","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$414,825 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Women Vote!","explanation":"Women Vote! spent $414,825 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00473918","name":"Women Vote!","support":414825,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473918/"]},{"id":"P7_W000822_i1atrn","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $659,372 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $659,372 opposing this member across 132 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":659371.6400000001,"totalSupport":954983.95,"events":132,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":476618.64},{"name":"CLA, INC.","oppose":100000},{"name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","oppose":68580},{"name":"MAKING CONGRESS GREAT AGAIN","oppose":14173}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000822_t4khpj","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$14,604 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $14,604 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":14604.369999999999,"oppose":0,"net":14604.369999999999,"events":18,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005715","name":"NEW JERSEY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":10509.349999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":4095.02,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_W000822","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bonnie Watson Coleman draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.1M PAC / $12.8M total)","explanation":"Bonnie Watson Coleman's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.1M of $12.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.82,"pacSharePct":47.5,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4NJ12149"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NJ12149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000480":[{"id":"P6_T000480_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,859,957 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $1,859,957 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":1859957.22,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P7_T000480_8wtxjc","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $508,139 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $508,139 opposing this member across 45 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":508138.6699999999,"totalSupport":2112942.66,"events":45,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":418101.01999999996},{"name":"Sagebrush Rebellion PAC","oppose":39912.05},{"name":"Fund for a Working Congress","oppose":25125.6},{"name":"UPSTATE CONSERVATIVE VICTORY PAC, INC","oppose":25000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_T000480_31jake","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$26,102 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $26,102 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":26102.239999999998,"oppose":0,"net":26102.239999999998,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":25639.02,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":463.21999999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000480_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William Timmons executed 4 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-05-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Contract Year 2021 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medicare Prescripti","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-06-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Contract Year 2021 Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage Program, Medicare Prescripti","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-06-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000480_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William Timmons executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tribal Transportation Self-Governance Program","agency":"Transportation Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-06-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000480_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William Timmons executed 6 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery; Extend Portions of the Fishing Year 2019 Scal","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-06-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery; Extend Portions of the Fishing Year 2019 Scal","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-06-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000480_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member William Timmons executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2020-06-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Business Loan Program Temporary Changes; Paycheck Protection Program-Requirements-Loan Forgiveness","agency":"Small Business Administration, Treasury Department","date":"2020-06-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000480_39ivc4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"William Timmons campaign paid $2,565,016 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","explanation":"William Timmons's campaign paid 100 disbursements totaling $2,565,016 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","total":115347.09000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":36406.63,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2008-04-10","description":"GENERIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":26018.33,"date":"2025-08-06","description":"POLITICAL FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","total":30000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","amount":30000,"date":"2024-12-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY ,DAVIS,LISKER","total":20873.11,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY ,DAVIS,LISKER","amount":20873.11,"date":"2004-09-23","description":"INKIND-ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LISKER, HUCKABY D","total":20030,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LISKER, HUCKABY D","amount":20030,"date":"2009-03-31","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUCKABY%20DAVIS%20LISKER"]},{"id":"P32_T000480","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"28% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 4.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 18 disclosed trades, 5 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 4.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":5,"total":18,"rate":27.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":4.31}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000480","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"William Timmons has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_T000480_GILD_20200629","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GILD 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William Timmons sell $GILD 4 days after a corporate insider (Rodriguez Javier  (CIK 0001415548)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GILD","filer":"Rodriguez Javier  (CIK 0001415548)","filingDate":"2020-06-25","adsh":"0001127602-20-020353","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000480_CRM_20200629","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CRM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William Timmons sell $CRM 1 day before a corporate insider (Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Roos John Victor  (CIK 0001586704)","filingDate":"2020-06-30","adsh":"0000899243-20-017967"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000480_GILD_20200629","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GILD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William Timmons sell $GILD 2 days before a corporate insider (Lofton Kevin E  (CIK 0001468818)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GILD","filer":"Lofton Kevin E  (CIK 0001468818)","filingDate":"2020-07-01","adsh":"0001127602-20-020665"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000480_ABBV_20200629","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABBV 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William Timmons sell $ABBV 3 days before a corporate insider (RAPP EDWARD J  (CIK 0001171780)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"RAPP EDWARD J  (CIK 0001171780)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001179110-20-007841"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000480_WMT_20200629","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William Timmons sell $WMT 3 days before a corporate insider (Walton Steuart L  (CIK 0001675503)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Walton Steuart L  (CIK 0001675503)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-021036"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000480_SBUX_20200528","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SBUX 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William Timmons sell $SBUX 6 days before a corporate insider (ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)","filingDate":"2020-06-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-018753"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000480_WMT_20200528","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $WMT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"William Timmons buy $WMT 8 days before a corporate insider (FLYNN TIMOTHY PATRICK  (CIK 0001550322)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"FLYNN TIMOTHY PATRICK  (CIK 0001550322)","filingDate":"2020-06-05","adsh":"0001127602-20-019035"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P51_T000480_PAC_FOR_AMERICA_S_FUTURE","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid PAC FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE $4.0M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"William Timmons's campaign committee paid $4,000,000 to PAC FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 800.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"PAC FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE","total":4000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=PAC%20FOR%20AMERICA'S%20FUTURE"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S FUTURE, TOGETHER","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20FUTURE%2C%20TOGETHER"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=PAC%20FOR%20AMERICA'S%20FUTURE","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20FUTURE%2C%20TOGETHER"]},{"id":"P61_T000480","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $173,300","explanation":"William Timmons received campaign contributions totaling $173,300 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 25 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($18,300); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000); NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":173300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":18300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS INC. PAC)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_T000480","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"William Timmons appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (6); reg rule trade proximity (4); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000480","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_T000480","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William Timmons draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.4M PAC / $16.1M total)","explanation":"William Timmons's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.4M of $16.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.08,"pacSharePct":39.9,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8SC04250"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8SC04250/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P178_T000480_2020-06-29","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Timmons — 13 trades on 2020-06-29","explanation":"William Timmons disclosed 13 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-06-29). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-06-29","count":13}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001115":[{"id":"P6_C001115_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$435,956 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $435,956 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":435955.5,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P19_C001115_w1f7hg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Cloud campaign paid $4,019,231 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: CLOUD DATA SERVICES","explanation":"Michael Cloud's campaign paid 97 disbursements totaling $4,019,231 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLOUD DATA SERVICES","total":3464958.46,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"CLOUD DATA SERVICES","amount":136569.33,"date":"2021-03-31","description":"LEADS/PHONE LISTS","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CLOUD DATA SERVICES","amount":115622.07,"date":"2021-02-28","description":"LEADS/PHONE LISTS","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CLOUD DATA SERVICES","amount":109960.41,"date":"2021-04-30","description":"LEADS/PHONE LISTS","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SIMIO CLOUD","total":237761.55,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SIMIO CLOUD","amount":57350,"date":"2024-04-18","description":"LIST RENTAL","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SIMIO CLOUD","amount":51204.16,"date":"2024-08-06","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SIMIO CLOUD","amount":44015,"date":"2024-01-02","description":"LIST RENTAL","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SIMIO CLOUD LLC","total":145745.93000000002,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SIMIO CLOUD LLC","amount":57316.86,"date":"2024-06-28","description":"LIST ACQUISITION","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SIMIO CLOUD LLC","amount":35321.52,"date":"2024-09-04","description":"LIST ACQUISITION","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SIMIO CLOUD LLC","amount":26640.74,"date":"2022-06-09","description":"LIST ACQUISITION","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AMERICAN CLOUD LLC","total":100000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"AMERICAN CLOUD LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2025-07-02","description":"IT SUPPORT/MAINTENANCE","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"AMERICAN CLOUD LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2025-11-26","description":"IT SUPPORT/MAINTENANCE","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ST CLOUD STATE UNIVERSITY","total":35000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ST CLOUD STATE UNIVERSITY","amount":35000,"date":"2024-07-24","description":"EVENT EXPENSE: FACILITY RENTAL","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLOUD SHERPAS, INC.","total":26879.97,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CLOUD SHERPAS, INC.","amount":26879.97,"date":"2015-12-10","description":"E-MAIL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cloud","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CLOUD%20DATA%20SERVICES"]},{"id":"P61_C001115","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $60,649.83","explanation":"Michael Cloud received campaign contributions totaling $60,649.83 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($10,000); TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($9,600); VALASSIS DIRECT MAIL INC (FORMERLY ADVO) ($6,049.83); VALERO ENERGY ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":60649.83,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":9600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PLANET DIRECT MAIL","ldaClient":"VALASSIS DIRECT MAIL INC (FORMERLY ADVO)","donorTotal":6049.83,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001115","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Cloud's campaign paid $3,883,720 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: CLOUD DATA SERVICES ($3,464,958)","explanation":"Michael Cloud's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 84 payments totaling $3,883,720 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CLOUD DATA SERVICES ($3,464,958 across 75 payments, services: LEADS/PHONE LISTS · LIST ACQUISITION · PAC FUNDRAISING FEES). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":3883720.0100000002,"paymentCount":84,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CLOUD DATA SERVICES","total":3464958.46,"count":75,"descriptions":["LEADS/PHONE LISTS","LIST ACQUISITION","PAC FUNDRAISING FEES"]},{"payee":"SIMIO CLOUD","total":237761.55,"count":6,"descriptions":["LIST RENTAL","DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"CAMPAIGN AD-CLOUD","total":146000,"count":2,"descriptions":["DIGITAL ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"ST CLOUD STATE UNIVERSITY","total":35000,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENT EXPENSE: FACILITY RENTAL"]}],"surname":"cloud"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8TX27049&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"E000071":[{"id":"P6_E000071_tw2bwh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$399,192 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND","explanation":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND) spent $399,192 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00772152","name":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND)","support":399191.72,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772152/"]},{"id":"P6_E000071_udjr5j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$356,557 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Patriots PAC","explanation":"American Patriots PAC spent $356,557 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00668905","name":"American Patriots PAC","support":356556.67000000004,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668905/"]},{"id":"P10_E000071_fo3c8e","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $928,899 / spent $799,327","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00786368","cmteName":"31 DAYS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":57100.1,"totalDisbursements":34773.8,"cashOnHand":22326.3},{"cmteId":"C00786368","cmteName":"31 DAYS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":146608.5,"totalDisbursements":158048.5,"cashOnHand":10886.21},{"cmteId":"C00786368","cmteName":"31 DAYS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":725190.4,"totalDisbursements":606504.3,"cashOnHand":129572.31}],"totalRaised":928899,"totalSpent":799326.6000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_E000071_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"161761 employees of RETIRED gave $4,151,605 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 161761× RETIRED = $4,151,605. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":161761,"total":4151605,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_E000071_8a8h0i","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jake Ellzey campaign paid $7,501,807 to 63 surname-matched vendors, top: MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUT","explanation":"Jake Ellzey's campaign paid 119 disbursements totaling $7,501,807 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","total":2290000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","amount":2290000,"date":"2022-05-18","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN & BLAINE","total":1298569.47,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":303910.75,"date":"2024-02-28","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":202249.81,"date":"2024-02-08","description":"PRINTING SERVICES, ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":180810,"date":"2024-02-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURNS, MARTIN","total":660000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":435000,"date":"2014-02-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":225000,"date":"2016-04-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","total":386952.87,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":127358.97,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":86933.21,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":48760.69,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":263547,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":146288,"date":"1995-09-13","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":68184,"date":"1995-11-06","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":49075,"date":"1995-09-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","total":252500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":100000,"date":"2022-06-09","description":"CONTRIBUTION - SHOLARSHIP FUNDS","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":52500,"date":"2020-06-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION - SCHOLARSHIPS","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":50000,"date":"2022-09-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION-SCHOLARSHIP FUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARTIN%20SHIANG%20(CREW)%20IN-KIND%20CONTRIBUTION"]},{"id":"P56_E000071_CNB_OF_TEXAS","pattern_type":"P56_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"10% of contributions ($25,400 of $252,550) came from employees of CNB OF TEXAS","explanation":"Jake Ellzey's principal campaign committee received $25,400 from individuals at CNB OF TEXAS — that's 10.1% of all itemized contributions. While individual employees can each give up to $3,500/cycle, when ≥10% of a committee's funding traces to a single non-PAC employer, it signals a coordinated bundling network: HR/leadership at CNB OF TEXAS likely organized contributions through internal fundraising. The next-largest employers contributed $5,400 (OIL CITY IRON WORKERS), $5,400 (FIRSTBANK SOUTHWEST), $5,400 (US CONCRETE INC.).","evidence":[{"source":"employer_bundling","employer":"CNB OF TEXAS","amount":25400,"share":10.1,"totalCommittee":252550},{"source":"next_employers","top4":[{"employer":"OIL CITY IRON WORKERS","amount":5400},{"employer":"FIRSTBANK SOUTHWEST","amount":5400},{"employer":"US CONCRETE INC.","amount":5400},{"employer":"JUNCTION INDUSTRIES, LLC","amount":5400}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662932/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?employer=CNB%20OF%20TEXAS"]}],"R000610":[{"id":"P6_R000610_ud2mrn","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$355,799 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Conservatives for PA","explanation":"Conservatives for PA spent $355,799 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 18 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00674382","name":"Conservatives for PA","support":355798.51000000007,"oppose":0,"events":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00674382/"]},{"id":"P9_R000610_t9okji","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$11,082 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $11,082 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":11081.82,"oppose":0,"net":11081.82,"events":7,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":9783.59,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1298.23,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000610_2kk0cy","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Guy Reschenthaler campaign paid $40,149 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: RESCHENTHALER, GUY L MR.","explanation":"Guy Reschenthaler's campaign paid 7 disbursements totaling $40,149 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY L MR.","total":24206.96,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY L MR.","amount":20000,"date":"2018-08-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"reschenthaler","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY L MR.","amount":3000,"date":"2018-08-16","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"reschenthaler","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY L MR.","amount":1206.96,"date":"2019-09-30","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: SEE ITEMIZATIONS IF REQUIRED","surnameMatched":"reschenthaler","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY M DR.","total":12441.57,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY M DR.","amount":8750,"date":"2023-07-24","description":"SEE MEMO","surnameMatched":"reschenthaler","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY M DR.","amount":3691.57,"date":"2019-04-18","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: SEE ITEMIZATIONS IF REQUIRED","surnameMatched":"reschenthaler","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY MR.","total":3500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY MR.","amount":2500,"date":"2018-05-11","description":"","surnameMatched":"reschenthaler","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RESCHENTHALER, GUY MR.","amount":1000,"date":"2020-10-05","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"reschenthaler","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RESCHENTHALER"]},{"id":"P61_R000610","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"40 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $250,000","explanation":"Guy Reschenthaler received campaign contributions totaling $250,000 from 40 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 40 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); HUMANE WORLD ACTION FUND (FKA HUMANE SOCIETY LEGIS ($10,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); EQUITRANS MIDSTREAM CORPORATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":40,"totalDollars":250000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HUMANE SOCIETY LEGISLATIVE FUND PAC","ldaClient":"HUMANE WORLD ACTION FUND (FKA HUMANE SOCIETY LEGISLATIVE FUND)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EQUITRANS MIDSTREAM CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"EQUITRANS MIDSTREAM CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P109_R000610","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Guy Reschenthaler named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.0M total receipts) — top: RESCHENTHALER VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Guy Reschenthaler appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: RESCHENTHALER VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00689836, $2.0M receipts, treasurer CRATE, BRADLEY T MR.). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.96,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00689836","name":"RESCHENTHALER VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1961159,"treasurer":"CRATE, BRADLEY T MR.","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00689836/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00689836/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00689836/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_R000610","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Guy Reschenthaler draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.5M PAC / $26.4M total)","explanation":"Guy Reschenthaler's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.5M of $26.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.53,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.37,"pacSharePct":32.3,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8PA18199"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA18199/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P188_R000610","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Guy Reschenthaler — 6 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Guy Reschenthaler disclosed 6 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":6,"noTickerTrades":6}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S001224":[{"id":"P6_S001224_ud3wps","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$316,351 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Win Justice","explanation":"Win Justice spent $316,351 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 57 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00672394","name":"Win Justice","support":316350.9900000001,"oppose":0,"events":57}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00672394/"]},{"id":"P11_S001224_w4qnqs","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $1,144,673 in itemized individual contributions, $715,000 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1144673,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-78031,"$200.01-$499":59362,"$500-$999":163724,"$1000-$1999":284618,"$2000 and over":715000},"megaShare":62.5,"smallDonorShare":-6.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001224_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SELF, Keith voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":21,"peerNay":3,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":10,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_S001224_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $661,430 supporting member — 1.2× their own $571,975 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.2×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":661430.36,"events":93},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":571975},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.16},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Win Justice","support":316350.9900000001},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Somos Votantes","support":203412.16999999998},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"UNITE HERE PAC","support":65872.15}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S001224","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Keith Self has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Keith Self triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001224"]}],"M001241":[{"id":"P6_M001241_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,999,090 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $1,999,090 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 35 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1999090.35,"oppose":0,"events":35}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_M001241_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,396,044 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HMP","explanation":"HMP spent $1,396,044 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 15 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"HMP","support":1396043.9100000001,"oppose":0,"events":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_M001241_tx3a59","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,083,435 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Worker Power PAC","explanation":"Worker Power PAC spent $1,083,435 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 14 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00756569","name":"Worker Power PAC","support":1083435.2699999998,"oppose":0,"events":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756569/"]},{"id":"P6_M001241_ucg82l","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$559,986 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (E","explanation":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND) spent $559,986 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00688655","name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND)","support":559985.72,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00688655/"]},{"id":"P6_M001241_ty4wvd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$447,995 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITE TO WIN","explanation":"UNITE TO WIN spent $447,995 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00739771","name":"UNITE TO WIN","support":447994.81000000006,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00739771/"]},{"id":"P7_M001241_qon7op","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,115,738 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,115,738 opposing this member across 222 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8115738.499999998,"totalSupport":5866785.099999997,"events":222,"topAttackers":[{"name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","oppose":4615288.760000001},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":2105431.3099999996},{"name":"WIN IT BACK PAC","oppose":1213523.5899999999},{"name":"DMFI PAC","oppose":83333.34},{"name":"VICTORY INCLUDES ACCOUNTABILITY BELIEVABILITY LEADERSHIP AND ELECTABILITY PAC (VIABLE PAC)","oppose":58500.000000000015}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001241_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6949 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,642,560 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 6949× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,642,560. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":6949,"total":2642560,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001241_gk1io","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$107,160 donation spike on 2018-06-29 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-29 this committee recorded $107,160 across 57 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,866.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00636845","date":"2018-06-29","amount":107160,"count":57,"baseline":8866,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636845/"]},{"id":"P15_M001241_x9jeth","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,227 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $75,227 across 70 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,719.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00831537","date":"2025-06-30","amount":75227,"count":70,"baseline":9719,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831537/"]},{"id":"P15_M001241_3wqudf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,344 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $62,344 across 79 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,757.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00831537","date":"2023-06-30","amount":62344,"count":79,"baseline":7757,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831537/"]},{"id":"P15_M001241_x9hhux","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,323 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $62,323 across 74 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,847.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00831537","date":"2025-03-31","amount":62323,"count":74,"baseline":9847,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831537/"]},{"id":"P15_M001241_3woxev","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,570 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $52,570 across 54 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,057.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00831537","date":"2023-03-31","amount":52570,"count":54,"baseline":8057,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831537/"]},{"id":"P15_M001241_x9lbs2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,107 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $52,107 across 75 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,021.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00831537","date":"2025-09-30","amount":52107,"count":75,"baseline":7021,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831537/"]},{"id":"P18_M001241_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dave Min executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2025-03-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"List of Approved Spent Fuel Storage Casks: NAC International, Inc. MAGNASTOR® Storage System, Certificate of Compliance ","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2025-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_M001241_iofr99","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Dave Min's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"COTCHETT, PITRE & MCCARTHY, LLP","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Cotchett, Pitre & McCarthy, LLP","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P36_M001241","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Dave Min has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001241_Orange_County_Public_Schools_118620","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Orange County Public Schools testified before House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Energy Policy, and Regulatory Affairs — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Dave Min sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Energy Policy, and Regulatory Affairs, which on 2025-09-17 held a hearing titled \"“Opening Doors to Opportunity: The Promise of Expanded School Choice and Alternatives to Four-Year College Degrees”\". The witness Ms. Stephanie Vanos (Orange County Public Schools) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Energy Policy, and Regulatory Affairs","eventId":"118620","title":"“Opening Doors to Opportunity: The Promise of Expanded School Choice and Alternatives to Four-Year College Degrees”","date":"2025-09-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Stephanie Vanos","witnessOrg":"Orange County Public Schools","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118620"},{"source":"donor","name":"DEMOCRATIC WOMEN OF THE SOUTH ORANGE COUNTY","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=DEMOCRATIC%20WOMEN%20OF%20THE%20SOUTH%20ORANGE%20COUNTY"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118620","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=DEMOCRATIC%20WOMEN%20OF%20THE%20SOUTH%20ORANGE%20COUNTY"]},{"id":"P47_M001241_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Dave Min sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_M001241_International_Union_of_Operati_115298","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49 testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Dave Min sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2023-02-09 held a hearing titled \"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.\". The witness Mr. Jason George (International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"115298","title":"Oversight hearing titled “Dependence on Foreign Adversaries: America’s Critical Minerals Crisis”.","date":"2023-02-09T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason George","witnessOrg":"International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL NO. 12 VOLUNTARY LEGISLATIVE FUND","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS%20LOCAL%20NO.%2012%20VOLUNTARY%20LEGISLATIVE%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115298","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20OPERATING%20ENGINEERS%20LOCAL%20NO.%2012%20VOLUNTARY%20LEGISLATIVE%20FUND"]},{"id":"P51_M001241_SAVE_AMERICA","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid SAVE AMERICA $96.2M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Dave Min's campaign committee paid $96,212,698.58 to SAVE AMERICA across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 19242.5× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"SAVE AMERICA","total":96212698.58,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA"},{"source":"donor","name":"VOTE SAVE AMERICA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P61_M001241","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $120,000","explanation":"Dave Min received campaign contributions totaling $120,000 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($15,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":120000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001241","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $107,160 on 2018-06-29 (12.1× normal)","explanation":"Dave Min's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $107,160 on 2018-06-29 — 12.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":107160,"maxRatio":12.1,"maxAmount":107160},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-06-29","amount":107160,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":8866,"count":57,"cmteId":"C00636845","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00636845&min_date=2018-06-29&max_date=2018-06-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636845/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00636845&min_date=2018-06-29&max_date=2018-06-29"]},{"id":"P78_M001241","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dave Min appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (6); ie support concentration (5); hearing witness donor (3); ie attack target (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":6},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":5},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001241","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001241","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave Min's PAC funding concentrates 36% in Labor ($0.05M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Dave Min's PAC donors concentrate 36% in the Labor industry — $0.05M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.05M · Technology $0.03M · Education $0.02M · Agriculture $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":35.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.05,"Technology":0.03,"Education":0.02,"Agriculture":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA47085/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"W000437":[{"id":"P6_W000437_tw2bwh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$346,640 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND","explanation":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND) spent $346,640 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00772152","name":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND)","support":346640,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772152/"]},{"id":"P27_W000437_17r347","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"DAVIS KEITH A\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00875542","name":"2024 SENATORS CLASSIC COMMITTEE","treasurer":"DAVIS KEITH A"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00837435","name":"2024 REPUBLICAN SENATE VICTORY","treasurer":"DAVIS KEITH A"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00837070","name":"2023 SENATORS CLASSIC COMMITTEE","treasurer":"DAVIS KEITH A"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_W000437_BIF","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $BIF — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Roger Wicker disclosed an asset position in $BIF on their 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $BIF per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"BIF","assetName":"BIF - Boulder Growth & Income Fund, Inc.","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2021","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fdeb166e-b62a-43af-a8fb-9e2d29f75e41/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"BIF","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-04"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-17"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/fdeb166e-b62a-43af-a8fb-9e2d29f75e41/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000437_GDV","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $GDV — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Roger Wicker disclosed an asset position in $GDV on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $GDV per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GDV","assetName":"GDV - The Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e161f78-a11d-4247-ba15-cd251f7dcbbe/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GDV","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-17"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-08-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-04-23"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e161f78-a11d-4247-ba15-cd251f7dcbbe/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_W000437","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $115,000","explanation":"Roger Wicker received campaign contributions totaling $115,000 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: PANHANDLE FOR EDUCATION AND GOOD GOVERNMENT, INC. ($10,000); BALCH & BINGHAM ($10,000); SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD EN ($5,000); MIGHTY GOOD SOLUTIONS ($5,000); IDEMIA IDENTITY & SECURITY USA LLC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":115000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"OLIN CORPORATION GOOD GOVERNMENT FUND","ldaClient":"PANHANDLE FOR EDUCATION AND GOOD GOVERNMENT, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BALCH & BINGHAM LLP PAC","ldaClient":"BALCH & BINGHAM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HEWLETT-PACKARD PAC","ldaClient":"SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE CO.)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MIGHTY GOOD SOLUTIONS","ldaClient":"MIGHTY GOOD SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"IDEMIA IDENTITY & SECURITY USA, LLC PAC","ldaClient":"IDEMIA IDENTITY & SECURITY USA LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P69_W000437","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $0.9M in personal liabilities (124% leverage of assets) — 4 liability items","explanation":"Roger Wicker's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $925,001.5 in personal liabilities against $746,109.5 in assets — a 124.0% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $0.9M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":925001.5,"totalAssetMid":746109.5,"leverageRatio":124,"liabCount":4,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.625% (15 years) · $100,001 - $250,000 · Caliber Home Loans Dallas, TX · mortgage on rental property, Alexandria, VA"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 1 · 2.5% (20 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · GMFS Greenwood Village, CO · mortgage on personal residence, Oxford, MS"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"3 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 2.5% (15 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · GMFS Greenwood Village, CO · mortgage on personal residence, Tupelo, MS"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_W000437","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at Thomas Frederick Wicker Living Trust Pontotoc, MS","explanation":"Roger Wicker's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at Thomas Frederick Wicker Living Trust Pontotoc, MS (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Oct 2022 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Thomas Frederick Wicker Living Trust Pontotoc, MS","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P79_W000437_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 5 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including AMZN, ATECX, PGRWX, WMT, AIVSX","explanation":"Roger Wicker's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: AMZN, ATECX, PGRWX, WMT, AIVSX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":5,"divestedTickers":["AMZN","ATECX","PGRWX","WMT","AIVSX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8189cd3d-ea1a-4c27-8e21-4c089aea726a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8189cd3d-ea1a-4c27-8e21-4c089aea726a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_W000437_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker discloses 5 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 5 unascertainable, 28% of 18 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Roger Wicker's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 5 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 5 unascertainable) across 18 total reported assets — 28% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Putnam Investments IRA (--) · American Funds IRA (--) · Public Employee's Retirement System of Mississippi (Unascertainable) · Public Employee's Retirement System of Mississippi (Unascertainable) · Estate of Thomas Frederick Wicker Filer comment: In period of administration; details of assets to b (Unascertainable).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":5,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":5,"totalAssets":18,"opaqueRatio":0.278,"samples":[{"asset":"Putnam Investments IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"American Funds IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Public Employee's Retirement System of Mississippi","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Public Employee's Retirement System of Mississippi","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Estate of Thomas Frederick Wicker Filer comment: In period of administration; details of assets to b","value":"Unascertainable"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P93_W000437","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker filed 1 annual PFD ≥30 days late — worst: 77 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Roger Wicker has filed 1 annual PFD more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 77 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2013 (77d late, filed 07/31/2013).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":1,"maxDaysLate":77,"samples":[{"year":2013,"filingDate":"07/31/2013","daysLate":77,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/66B121A6-FD99-485C-8DE8-EA543C421C85/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/66B121A6-FD99-485C-8DE8-EA543C421C85/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/13103"]},{"id":"P104_W000437_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roger Wicker's 2025 PFD lists 2 entities bearing the surname \"Wicker\" — top: Estate of Thomas Frederick Wicker","explanation":"Roger Wicker's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 2 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Wicker\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Estate of Thomas Frederick Wicker (asset) · Thomas Frederick Wicker Living Trust (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Wicker","count":2,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Estate of Thomas Frederick Wicker Filer comment: In period of administration; details of assets to b","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"position","entry":"Thomas Frederick Wicker Living Trust Pontotoc, MS","position":"Trustee"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_W000437_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker holds 1 ticker on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — MRK ($19.8M)","explanation":"Roger Wicker's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $19.8M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: MRK ($19.8M, 49 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":19.81,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","totalLobby":19810000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO. INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P108_W000437_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $361M) — top: MRK ($361.3M)","explanation":"Roger Wicker's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $361M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: MRK ($361.3M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":361.34,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","total":361340129.54,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_W000437","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.1M total receipts) — top: WICKER VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Roger Wicker appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.1M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: WICKER VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00572099, $2.1M receipts, treasurer KEITH A DAVIS). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.12,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00572099","name":"WICKER VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":2117000,"treasurer":"KEITH A DAVIS","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00572099/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00572099/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00572099/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P124_W000437_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — MRK","explanation":"Roger Wicker's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: MRK ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","asset":"MRK - Merck & Co., Inc.","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P136_W000437","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roger Wicker ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.8M across 15 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Roger Wicker's FEC-bulk record shows $18.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $54.7M (PAC: $18.8M, individual: $29.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":54.71,"lifetimeIndividualM":29.1,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S8MS00196"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MS00196/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_W000437","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.8M PAC / $54.7M total)","explanation":"Roger Wicker's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.8M of $54.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":54.71,"pacSharePct":34.4,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"S8MS00196"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MS00196/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_W000437","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Wicker's PAC funding concentrates 85% in Agriculture ($0.62M / $0.73M classified)","explanation":"Roger Wicker's PAC donors concentrate 85% in the Agriculture industry — $0.62M of $0.73M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.62M · Legal $0.03M · Finance $0.01M · Healthcare $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.62,"totalPacAmountM":0.73,"concentrationPct":85,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.62,"Legal":0.03,"Finance":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MS00196/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P157_W000437","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 750 sponsored, 4,474 cosponsored","explanation":"Roger Wicker's congress.gov record shows 750 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":750,"cosponsoredCount":4474,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/roger-f.-wicker/W000437","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P164_W000437_2025","pattern_type":"P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger Wicker's 2025 PFD shows 1 inherited-wealth indicator — top: Estate of Thomas Frederick Wicker Filer comment: In period of administ","explanation":"Roger Wicker's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 holding explicitly described as inherited (Inherited IRA, Estate of, Beneficiary of, Legacy fund, Bequest). Inherited assets are functionally distinct from earned wealth: they were transferred at death and typically come with stepped-up basis (IRC Section 1014), generation-skipping considerations, and minimum-distribution rules (post-SECURE Act 10-year payout for non-spouse beneficiaries). Heavy inherited-wealth holdings indicate intergenerational wealth transmission — relevant context for the senator's votes on estate tax, stepped-up basis preservation, SECURE Act amendments, and trust-and-estate tax policy. Inherited holdings: Estate of Thomas Frederick Wicker Filer comment: In period o.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_inherited_wealth","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"name":"Estate of Thomas Frederick Wicker Filer comment: In period of administration; details of assets to be disclose","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"Unascertainable"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions"]},{"id":"P168_W000437_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Roger Wicker's 2025 PFD: liabilities $0.93M = 124% of assets $0.75M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Roger Wicker's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $0.93M against total assets of $0.75M — a leverage ratio of 124%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":746109.5,"totalLiabMid":925001.5,"leverageRatio":1.24,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a919c45f-7d96-4621-873d-76b52cec60ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"W000790":[{"id":"P6_W000790_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$10,145,332 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Black PAC","explanation":"Black PAC spent $10,145,332 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 85 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"Black PAC","support":10145332.379999999,"oppose":0,"events":85}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_twlheu","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$6,357,220 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Georgia Honor","explanation":"Georgia Honor spent $6,357,220 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 42 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00763193","name":"Georgia Honor","support":6357220.350000001,"oppose":3031367,"events":42}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763193/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_x910xk","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,915,769 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DSCC","explanation":"DSCC spent $3,915,769 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00042366","name":"DSCC","support":3915769,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00042366/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_tx4nuv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,915,338 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Take Back 2020","explanation":"Take Back 2020 spent $3,915,338 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 139 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754051","name":"Take Back 2020","support":3915337.5100000002,"oppose":0,"events":139}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754051/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_ty4yeb","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,967,068 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ASIAN AMERICAN ADVOCACY FUND PAC","explanation":"ASIAN AMERICAN ADVOCACY FUND PAC spent $2,967,068 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 688 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00739557","name":"ASIAN AMERICAN ADVOCACY FUND PAC","support":2967068.4200000004,"oppose":0,"events":688}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00739557/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,924,145 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $2,924,145 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 25 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":2924145.2099999995,"oppose":0,"events":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_thnrmu","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,250,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Worker Power PAC for Georgia","explanation":"Worker Power PAC for Georgia spent $2,250,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00828533","name":"Worker Power PAC for Georgia","support":2250000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00828533/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_tx59b4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,194,873 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Black Voters Matter Action PAC","explanation":"Black Voters Matter Action PAC spent $2,194,873 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 78 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00753277","name":"Black Voters Matter Action PAC","support":2194873.4499999997,"oppose":0,"events":78}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00753277/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_txo9ul","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,879,263 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Family Friendly Action PAC","explanation":"Family Friendly Action PAC spent $1,879,263 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 22 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00744920","name":"Family Friendly Action PAC","support":1879263.47,"oppose":0,"events":22}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00744920/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_d0o6pg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,728,811 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Majority Forward","explanation":"Majority Forward spent $1,728,811 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90016098","name":"Majority Forward","support":1728811.06,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016098/"]},{"id":"P6_W000790_vam0u1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,601,690 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SMP","explanation":"SMP spent $1,601,690 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00484642","name":"SMP","support":1601690.3,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00484642/"]},{"id":"P7_W000790_pjf3rd","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $154,762,984 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $154,762,984 opposing this member across 6162 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":154762983.61000004,"totalSupport":73637480.96000004,"events":6162,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":47160557.76999999},{"name":"American Crossroads","oppose":46009448.919999994},{"name":"PEACHTREE PAC","oppose":17231692.850000005},{"name":"NRSC","oppose":15495292.06},{"name":"Georgia Honor","oppose":3031367}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000790_bow3g","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$44,421 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $44,421 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":61594.01,"oppose":17173.3,"net":44420.71000000001,"events":127,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":31228.4,"oppose":490.95,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":17235.16,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":16682.35,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7434,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":5696.45,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_W000790_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"901455 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $78,275,070 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 901455× NOT EMPLOYED = $78,275,070; 110479× SELF EMPLOYED = $12,585,073; 12028× SELF = $2,228,995. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":901455,"total":78275070,"years":["2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":110479,"total":12585073,"years":["2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":12028,"total":2228995,"years":["2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000790_l9bioc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$6,050,723 donation spike on 2020-11-09 — 14.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-09 this committee recorded $6,050,723 across 28500 contributions — 14.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $406,131.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736876","date":"2020-11-09","amount":6050723,"count":28500,"baseline":406131,"ratio":14.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736876/"]},{"id":"P15_W000790_l9bip0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,359,311 donation spike on 2020-11-12 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-12 this committee recorded $4,359,311 across 17875 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $639,331.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736876","date":"2020-11-12","amount":4359311,"count":17875,"baseline":639331,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736876/"]},{"id":"P15_W000790_kezyu4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,317,979 donation spike on 2022-11-10 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-11-10 this committee recorded $4,317,979 across 22194 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $600,700.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736876","date":"2022-11-10","amount":4317979,"count":22194,"baseline":600700,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736876/"]},{"id":"P15_W000790_kezyuq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,452,146 donation spike on 2022-11-09 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-11-09 this committee recorded $3,452,146 across 22038 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $464,802.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736876","date":"2022-11-09","amount":3452146,"count":22038,"baseline":464802,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736876/"]},{"id":"P15_W000790_5r476n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$795,332 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 26.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $795,332 across 410 contributions — 26.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $29,761.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736876","date":"2023-03-31","amount":795332,"count":410,"baseline":29761,"ratio":26.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736876/"]},{"id":"P15_W000790_z3sxpk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$675,016 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $675,016 across 4385 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $79,396.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736876","date":"2021-09-30","amount":675016,"count":4385,"baseline":79396,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736876/"]},{"id":"P15_W000790_z3dm0v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$622,811 donation spike on 2021-12-31 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-31 this committee recorded $622,811 across 5161 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $84,639.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736876","date":"2021-12-31","amount":622811,"count":5161,"baseline":84639,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736876/"]},{"id":"P19_W000790_38ykt1","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raphael Warnock campaign paid $443,387 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's campaign paid 98 disbursements totaling $443,387 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","total":235399.67999999993,"count":57,"samples":[{"payee":"KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","amount":5517,"date":"2009-02-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","amount":4572,"date":"2009-11-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KOOB, CHRISTOPHER D","amount":4572,"date":"2009-11-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP, LLC","total":126952.89,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2015-05-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2015-04-10","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2016-02-10","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOOB, CAMERON M","total":58326.98999999998,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"KOOB, CAMERON M","amount":5735.3,"date":"2020-03-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KOOB, CAMERON M","amount":4721.81,"date":"2019-07-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KOOB, CAMERON M","amount":4253.42,"date":"2016-05-05","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP","total":18709.53,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP","amount":6709.53,"date":"2016-06-06","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP","amount":6000,"date":"2016-05-23","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOOB CONSULTING GROUP","amount":6000,"date":"2016-06-01","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHRISTOPHER D KOOB","total":3998.06,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CHRISTOPHER D KOOB","amount":3998.06,"date":"2005-02-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"koob","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KOOB"]},{"id":"P25_W000790_Legal","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57% of PAC dollars ($602,072) come from Legal industry","explanation":"Raphael Warnock receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Legal issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Legal","amount":602072.15,"share":57.3,"totalPAC":1049835.92,"pacCount":26},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Legal","amount":602072.15,"share":57.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":341019,"share":32.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":25000,"share":2.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":25000,"share":2.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_W000790_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WARNOCK, Raphael Gamaliel voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2025-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2025-12-04","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2025-12-03","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Susan Courtwright Rodriguez, of North Carolina, to be United States District Jud"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_W000790_twlheu","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Georgia Honor both supported ($6,357,220) and opposed ($3,031,367) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Raphael Warnock advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00763193","name":"Georgia Honor","support":6357220.350000001,"oppose":3031367,"events":42}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00763193/"]},{"id":"P36_W000790","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 25 total findings","explanation":"Raphael Warnock has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":25,"highSeverityCount":22,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_W000790","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$62K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 51% from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","explanation":"Raphael Warnock received $61,594.01 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO ($31,228.4 = 51%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":61594.01,"oppose":17173.3,"byYear":{"2020":25184.030000000002,"2022":240752.47},"corpCount":14},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":31228.4,"oppose":490.95,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":17235.16,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006358/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":16682.35,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7434,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003124","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":5696.45,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003124/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_W000790","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $40,000","explanation":"Raphael Warnock received campaign contributions totaling $40,000 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COVINGTON & BURLING LLP ON BEHALF OF THE SHORTWAVE ($5,000); END CITIZENS UNITED ($5,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($5,000); NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL ($5,000); AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":40000,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"COVINGTON & BURLING LLP PAC","ldaClient":"COVINGTON & BURLING LLP ON BEHALF OF THE SHORTWAVE MODERNIZATION COALITION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"END CITIZENS UNITED","ldaClient":"END CITIZENS UNITED","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES PEANUT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PEANUT SHELLERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_W000790","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $6,050,723 on 2020-11-09 (14.9× normal)","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $6,050,723 on 2020-11-09 — 14.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":6846055,"maxRatio":26.7,"maxAmount":6050723},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-11-09","amount":6050723,"ratio":14.9,"baselineDaily":406131,"count":28500,"cmteId":"C00736876","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00736876&min_date=2020-11-09&max_date=2020-11-09"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-03-31","amount":795332,"ratio":26.7,"baselineDaily":29761,"count":410,"cmteId":"C00736876","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00736876&min_date=2023-03-31&max_date=2023-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736876/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00736876&min_date=2020-11-09&max_date=2020-11-09"]},{"id":"P69_W000790","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $1.2M in personal liabilities (80% leverage of assets) — 4 liability items","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,157,501.5 in personal liabilities against $1,444,008.5 in assets — a 80.2% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.2M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1157501.5,"totalAssetMid":1444008.5,"leverageRatio":80.2,"liabCount":4,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2013 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 7.99% (30 years) · $15,001 - $50,000 · Bank OZK Ozark, AR · Variable interest rate"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2013 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 4.625% (30 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Truist Bank Atlanta, GA · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"3 · 2023 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 5.75% (30 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Truist Bank Richmond, VA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_W000790","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$182,523.12 in outside earned income — top source: Penguin Random House New York, NY ($$150,708.00)","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $182,523.12 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Penguin Random House New York, NY ($150,708.00, Other (Advances & Royalties)); Ebenezer Baptist Church Atlanta, GA ($31,815.12, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":182523.12,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Advances & Royalties)","source":"Penguin Random House New York, NY","amount":"$150,708.00","amountNumeric":150708},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Ebenezer Baptist Church Atlanta, GA","amount":"$31,815.12","amountNumeric":31815.12}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000790","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 31 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Raphael Warnock appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 31 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (11); daily donation spike (7); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":31,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":11},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000790","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P93_W000790","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raphael Warnock filed 6 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 97 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Raphael Warnock has filed 6 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 97 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2024 (97d late, filed 08/20/2024) · 2021 (93d late, filed 08/16/2021) · 2022 (92d late, filed 08/15/2022) · 2023 (91d late, filed 08/14/2023).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":6,"maxDaysLate":97,"samples":[{"year":2024,"filingDate":"08/20/2024","daysLate":97,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/39bb13a4-a81f-44af-8869-8f6476e88fde/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"08/16/2021","daysLate":93,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8be79d29-e293-478f-a858-63936281f883/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"08/15/2022","daysLate":92,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e4185c66-e8bd-48bb-8094-2c4ef28f50f1/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/14/2023","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efb51666-c01d-4356-bfeb-56d533ad8180/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/39bb13a4-a81f-44af-8869-8f6476e88fde/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8be79d29-e293-478f-a858-63936281f883/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e4185c66-e8bd-48bb-8094-2c4ef28f50f1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_W000790_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raphael Warnock owes 2 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: Truist Bank Atlanta,","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 4.625% (30 years) from Truist Bank Atlanta, · Mortgage ($$500,001 - $1,000,000) at 5.75% (30 years) from Truist Bank Richmond,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":2,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"4.625% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Truist Bank Atlanta, GA","incurred":"2013"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"5.75% (30 years)","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","creditor":"Truist Bank Richmond, VA","incurred":"2023"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P101_W000790_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 PFD reports 2 book/royalty income sources (~$151,243 disclosed) — top: New York University New","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 2 royalty or book-related income sources from publishers or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $151,243 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: New York University New (Royalties, $535.43) · Penguin Random House New (Other (Advances & Royalties), $150,708.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":2,"totalKnownAmount":151243,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"New York University New York, NY","amount":"$535.43"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Advances & Royalties)","payer":"Penguin Random House New York, NY","amount":"$150,708.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_W000790","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raphael Warnock named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($18.6M total receipts) — top: WARNOCK VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Raphael Warnock appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $18.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: WARNOCK VICTORY FUND (C00740597, $18.6M receipts, treasurer MATTHEWS, LAURA). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":18.57,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00740597","name":"WARNOCK VICTORY FUND","receipts":18574786.06,"treasurer":"MATTHEWS, LAURA","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00740597/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00740597/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00740597/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_W000790","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raphael Warnock ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $677M across 7 cycles","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's FEC-bulk record shows $677.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 7 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":677.45,"cycleCount":7,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0GA00559"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0GA00559/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_W000790","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raphael Warnock's PAC funding concentrates 85% in Legal ($0.51M / $0.59M classified)","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's PAC donors concentrate 85% in the Legal industry — $0.51M of $0.59M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Legal $0.51M · Finance $0.03M · Agriculture $0.02M · Technology $0.02M · Labor $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Legal","topAmountM":0.51,"totalPacAmountM":0.59,"concentrationPct":85.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Legal":0.51,"Finance":0.03,"Agriculture":0.02,"Technology":0.02,"Labor":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0GA00559/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_W000790","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raphael Warnock triggers 27 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Raphael Warnock accumulates 27 HIGH-severity findings across 22 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":27,"distinctDetectorTypes":22}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P156_W000790","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raphael Warnock's PFD earned income grew 2.2× year-over-year — 2022 $368K → 2023 $811K","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $367,965.76 in 2022 to $811,119.47 in 2023 — a 2.2× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2022","priorIncome":367965.76,"latestYear":"2023","latestIncome":811119.47,"growthFactor":2.2,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e4185c66-e8bd-48bb-8094-2c4ef28f50f1/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efb51666-c01d-4356-bfeb-56d533ad8180/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efb51666-c01d-4356-bfeb-56d533ad8180/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e4185c66-e8bd-48bb-8094-2c4ef28f50f1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P161_W000790_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 PFD includes 2 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VTTHX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund · VTTHX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"VTTHX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"VTTHX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_W000790_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 21 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 21 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":21,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_W000790","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raphael Warnock's PFD net worth declined 104% year-over-year — 2023 $1.34M → 2024 $-0.05M","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $1.34M in 2023 to $-0.05M in 2024 — a 104% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2023","priorNetWorthM":1.34,"latestYear":"2024","latestNetWorthM":-0.05,"declinePct":103.55,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efb51666-c01d-4356-bfeb-56d533ad8180/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/39bb13a4-a81f-44af-8869-8f6476e88fde/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/39bb13a4-a81f-44af-8869-8f6476e88fde/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/efb51666-c01d-4356-bfeb-56d533ad8180/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P168_W000790_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 PFD: liabilities $1.16M = 80% of assets $1.44M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $1.16M against total assets of $1.44M — a leverage ratio of 80%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":1444008.5,"totalLiabMid":1157501.5,"leverageRatio":0.802,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_GA_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"GA delegation: Raphael Warnock & Jon Ossoff both flagged on 15 shared detector types (7 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from GA — Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 7 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P14, P15, P19, P25, P29.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"GA","otherSenatorBid":"O000174","otherSenatorName":"Jon Ossoff","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":7,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P14","P15","P19","P25","P29","P36","P62","P96","P109","P148","P161","P166"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000790","https://www.officium.vote/profile/O000174"]},{"id":"P193_W000790_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raphael Warnock — 13 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Raphael Warnock's 2025 Senate PFD shows 13 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":13,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b30b95a-01d2-48e2-ae9d-ec4212c2f5d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_W000790","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raphael Warnock — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($338.7M)","explanation":"Raphael Warnock is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $338.7M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":338722630,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0GA00559/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M000194":[{"id":"P6_M000194_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$967,497 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (also direct donor)","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. spent $967,497 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 86 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","support":967496.6000000003,"oppose":0,"events":86},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"AMERICANS FOR LEGISLATING EXCELLENCE PAC","total":5000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_M000194_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$742,035 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $742,035 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":742035.43,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_M000194_tgmpp9","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$357,291 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WIN IT BACK PAC","explanation":"WIN IT BACK PAC spent $357,291 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 21 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00844613","name":"WIN IT BACK PAC","support":357291.43000000005,"oppose":0,"events":21}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844613/"]},{"id":"P7_M000194_phg75p","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $11,453,672 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $11,453,672 opposing this member across 346 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":11453671.99999999,"totalSupport":2591603.650000001,"events":346,"topAttackers":[{"name":"SOUTH CAROLINA PATRIOTS PAC","oppose":3307831.9500000007},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2742174.19},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2692243.69},{"name":"314 Action Fund","oppose":898372.37},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":379016.79}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M000194_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7916 employees of NONE gave $1,843,061 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7916× NONE = $1,843,061. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":7916,"total":1843061,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M000194_b38wck","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,773 donation spike on 2014-06-14 — 13× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-14 this committee recorded $55,773 across 25 contributions — 13× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,301.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00549295","date":"2014-06-14","amount":55773,"count":25,"baseline":4301,"ratio":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00549295/"]},{"id":"P15_M000194_cbnpv6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$161,960 donation spike on 2020-10-09 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-10-09 this committee recorded $161,960 across 209 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,609.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710103","date":"2020-10-09","amount":161960,"count":209,"baseline":21609,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710103/"]},{"id":"P15_M000194_jws9gi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150,050 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $150,050 across 100 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,456.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710103","date":"2019-09-30","amount":150050,"count":100,"baseline":11456,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710103/"]},{"id":"P15_M000194_2c8osg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,954 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $96,954 across 74 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,955.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710103","date":"2021-03-31","amount":96954,"count":74,"baseline":6955,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710103/"]},{"id":"P15_M000194_cc3oh1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,249 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $59,249 across 113 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,132.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710103","date":"2020-06-30","amount":59249,"count":113,"baseline":9132,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710103/"]},{"id":"P19_M000194_n1jlz2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nancy Mace campaign paid $2,876,338 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","explanation":"Nancy Mace's campaign paid 187 disbursements totaling $2,876,338 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","total":682963.21,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":123961.25,"date":"2025-01-21","description":"CAREY ACCT: LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":113573.67,"date":"2025-01-17","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2024-06-24","description":"CAREY ACCT: LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","total":557664.3099999999,"count":36,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":40922.5,"date":"2023-09-19","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":35715,"date":"2024-02-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":31177.5,"date":"2023-06-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","total":503627.44,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":140019.09,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":97680.15,"date":"2025-12-30","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":80000,"date":"2025-03-05","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN","total":232366.26,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN","amount":227366.26,"date":"2025-03-19","description":"LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN","amount":5000,"date":"2023-11-01","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","total":111365.33,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":26077.83,"date":"2023-04-04","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2023-09-14","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":18207.5,"date":"2023-01-30","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"backer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CHALMERS"]},{"id":"P25_M000194_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"91% of PAC dollars ($1,803,152) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Nancy Mace receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":1803152.17,"share":91.1,"totalPAC":1979543.49,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":1803152.17,"share":91.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":44200,"share":2.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":40000,"share":2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":20000,"share":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P26_M000194_yuavzv","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Nancy Mace's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P29_M000194_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with SC R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MACE, Nancy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":359,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Pet and Livestock Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M000194","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Nancy Mace has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M000194_South_Carolina_National_Guard_118425","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"South Carolina National Guard testified before House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Military and Foreign Affairs — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Nancy Mace sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Military and Foreign Affairs, which on 2025-06-25 held a hearing titled \"“The National Guard State Partnership Program: Strengthening U.S. Security, One Partnership at a Time”\". The witness Major General Robin Stilwell (South Carolina National Guard) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Military and Foreign Affairs","eventId":"118425","title":"“The National Guard State Partnership Program: Strengthening U.S. Security, One Partnership at a Time”","date":"2025-06-25T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Major General Robin Stilwell","witnessOrg":"South Carolina National Guard","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118425"},{"source":"donor","name":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"SC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20SOUTH%20CAROLINA%20FEDERAL%20GOVERNMENT%20PROGRAMS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118425","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20SOUTH%20CAROLINA%20FEDERAL%20GOVERNMENT%20PROGRAMS"]},{"id":"P61_M000194","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $125,000","explanation":"Nancy Mace received campaign contributions totaling $125,000 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC. ($10,000); BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA ($10,000); ANIMAL WELLNESS ACTION ($5,000); HUMANE WORLD ACTION FUND (FKA HUMANE SOCIETY LEGIS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":125000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC PAC","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS","ldaClient":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ANIMAL WELLNESS ACTION PAC","ldaClient":"ANIMAL WELLNESS ACTION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HUMANE SOCIETY LEGISLATIVE FUND PAC","ldaClient":"HUMANE WORLD ACTION FUND (FKA HUMANE SOCIETY LEGISLATIVE FUND)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M000194","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $150,050 on 2019-09-30 (13.1× normal)","explanation":"Nancy Mace's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $150,050 on 2019-09-30 — 13.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":302777,"maxRatio":13.9,"maxAmount":150050},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-09-30","amount":150050,"ratio":13.1,"baselineDaily":11456,"count":100,"cmteId":"C00710103","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00710103&min_date=2019-09-30&max_date=2019-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-31","amount":96954,"ratio":13.9,"baselineDaily":6955,"count":74,"cmteId":"C00710103","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00710103&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-06-14","amount":55773,"ratio":13,"baselineDaily":4301,"count":25,"cmteId":"C00549295","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00549295&min_date=2014-06-14&max_date=2014-06-14"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710103/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00710103&min_date=2019-09-30&max_date=2019-09-30"]},{"id":"P78_M000194","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Nancy Mace appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); employer bundling (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M000194","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_M000194","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nancy Mace named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Nancy Mace appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Nancy Mace","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-nancy-mace-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Nancy Mace","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-nancy-mace/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-nancy-mace-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-nancy-mace/"]},{"id":"P109_M000194","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nancy Mace named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($4.3M total receipts) — top: TEAM MACE","explanation":"Nancy Mace appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $4.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM MACE (C00768838, $4.3M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":4.32,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00768838","name":"TEAM MACE","receipts":4322146.42,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768838/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768838/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00768838/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"G000594":[{"id":"P6_G000594_thp3re","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$643,581 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HISPANIC LEADERSHIP ALLIANCE","explanation":"HISPANIC LEADERSHIP ALLIANCE spent $643,581 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 41 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00826263","name":"HISPANIC LEADERSHIP ALLIANCE","support":643580.6100000001,"oppose":0,"events":41}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00826263/"]},{"id":"P6_G000594_tw2bwh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$521,676 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND","explanation":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND) spent $521,676 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00772152","name":"ELECT PRINCIPLED VETERANS FUND (EPV FUND)","support":521676.45,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00772152/"]},{"id":"P6_G000594_x9m0ng","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$305,365 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Politic","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee spent $305,365 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 16 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00030718","name":"National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee","support":305365.45999999996,"oppose":0,"events":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00030718/"]},{"id":"P7_G000594_kpg4jl","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,733,776 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,733,776 opposing this member across 643 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7733775.94,"totalSupport":3046276.4599999986,"events":643,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":4203890.34},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2015167.2399999998},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":632483.57},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","oppose":229443.49},{"name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND)","oppose":207752.91}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000594_z5fzf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$116,819 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $116,819 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":116819.39,"oppose":0,"net":116819.39,"events":13,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":115889.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":930.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000594_k9notf","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $5,231,804 in itemized individual contributions, $3,401,415 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5231804,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-38824,"$200.01-$499":259536,"$500-$999":527559,"$1000-$1999":1082118,"$2000 and over":3401415},"megaShare":65,"smallDonorShare":-0.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000594_9iw0bc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,650 donation spike on 2024-12-25 — 16× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-12-25 this committee recorded $75,650 across 34 contributions — 16× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,724.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706614","date":"2024-12-25","amount":75650,"count":34,"baseline":4724,"ratio":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706614/"]},{"id":"P15_G000594_5511a6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,383 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $62,383 across 75 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,786.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706614","date":"2025-06-30","amount":62383,"count":75,"baseline":6786,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706614/"]},{"id":"P15_G000594_o7tg6v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,961 donation spike on 2023-03-07 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-07 this committee recorded $54,961 across 31 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,431.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706614","date":"2023-03-07","amount":54961,"count":31,"baseline":7431,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706614/"]},{"id":"P15_G000594_jtcrie","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,586 donation spike on 2026-02-11 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2026-02-11 this committee recorded $52,586 across 40 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,658.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706614","date":"2026-02-11","amount":52586,"count":40,"baseline":5658,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706614/"]},{"id":"P19_G000594_fojqmi","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales campaign paid $4,985,256 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: GONZALEZ, VICENTE","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's campaign paid 75 disbursements totaling $4,985,256 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GONZALEZ, VICENTE","total":2100000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GONZALEZ, VICENTE","amount":750000,"date":"2016-03-21","description":"LOAN FORGIVENESS","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, VICENTE","amount":250000,"date":"2019-01-24","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, VICENTE","amount":250000,"date":"2025-12-01","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COMITE JENNIFER GONZALEZ COLON","total":900000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"COMITE JENNIFER GONZALEZ COLON","amount":750000,"date":"2023-09-26","description":"TRANSFER TO LOCAL COMITEE OF SAME CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COMITE JENNIFER GONZALEZ COLON","amount":100000,"date":"2023-10-31","description":"TRANSFER TO LOCAL COMITEE OF SAME CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"COMITE JENNIFER GONZALEZ COLON","amount":50000,"date":"2024-02-27","description":"TRANSFER TO COMITE JENNIFFER GONZALEZ COMMITTEE IN PUERTO RICO","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARZIANI STEVENS & GONZALEZ PLLC","total":500000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARZIANI STEVENS & GONZALEZ PLLC","amount":500000,"date":"2025-08-14","description":"LEGAL FEE RETAINER","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","total":493866,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":61583,"date":"2008-11-03","description":"EXEMPT CAMPAIGN MATERIALS: MAIL","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":44563,"date":"2008-09-19","description":"PHONE BANKS FEA-VOTERID","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"ANDRES GONZALEZ & ASSOCIATES","amount":35700,"date":"2008-10-07","description":"EXEMPT SLATE CARD PRINTING FEA-GOTV","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","total":170000,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","amount":20000,"date":"2004-12-23","description":"GENERIC STRATEGIC POLITICAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","amount":20000,"date":"2004-11-16","description":"GENERIC STRATEGIC POLITICAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES","amount":20000,"date":"2004-10-15","description":"GENERIC STRATEGIC POLITICAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES MR.","total":138500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES MR.","amount":44000,"date":"2006-12-11","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES MR.","amount":41500,"date":"2006-12-05","description":"POLITICAL CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"GONZALEZ, ANDRES MR.","amount":27000,"date":"2006-12-08","description":"CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"gonzalez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GONZALEZ"]},{"id":"P25_G000594_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"75% of PAC dollars ($2,072,856) come from Party industry","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":2072856.21,"share":75.2,"totalPAC":2756995.89,"pacCount":9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":2072856.21,"share":75.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":669124.0800000001,"share":24.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":15015.6,"share":0.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000594","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 12 total findings","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":12,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_G000594_American_Israel_Public_Affairs_118075","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee testified before House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs — also a $182,885.14 donor","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales sits on House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs, which on 2025-04-02 held a hearing titled \"Outside Witness Day\". The witness Mr. Elliot Brandt (American Israel Public Affairs Committee) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $182,885.14 in contributions across 5 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Appropriations Subcommittee on National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs","eventId":"118075","title":"Outside Witness Day","date":"2025-04-02T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Elliot Brandt","witnessOrg":"American Israel Public Affairs Committee","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (EARMARK)","total":182885.14,"count":5,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(EARMARK)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118075","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(EARMARK)"]},{"id":"P47_G000594_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $182,885.14 donor","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $182,885.14 in contributions across 5 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (EARMARK)","total":182885.14,"count":5,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(EARMARK)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(EARMARK)"]},{"id":"P58_G000594","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$117K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 99% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales received $116,819.39 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($115,889.12 = 99%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":116819.39,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2020":916.23,"2022":15820.200000000003,"2024":100573.3},"corpCount":3},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":115889.12,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":930.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P62_G000594","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $75,650 on 2024-12-25 (16.0× normal)","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $75,650 on 2024-12-25 — 16.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":75650,"maxRatio":16,"maxAmount":75650},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-12-25","amount":75650,"ratio":16,"baselineDaily":4724,"count":34,"cmteId":"C00706614","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00706614&min_date=2024-12-25&max_date=2024-12-25"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706614/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00706614&min_date=2024-12-25&max_date=2024-12-25"]},{"id":"P70_G000594","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Officer at Colorado Democratic Latino Caucus Denver, CO","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Colorado Democratic Latino Caucus Denver, CO (Nonprofit Organization); Officer at Board of Latino Legislative Leaders Austin, Texas (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2026","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2023 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Colorado Democratic Latino Caucus Denver, CO","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Mar 2021 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Board of Latino Legislative Leaders Austin, Texas","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_G000594","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$85,950 in outside earned income — top source: State of Colorado Denver, Colorado ($$85,950.00)","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $85,950 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Colorado Denver, Colorado ($85,950.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":85950,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Colorado Denver, Colorado","amount":"$85,950.00","amountNumeric":85950}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000594","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (4); ie support concentration (3); hearing witness donor (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000594","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_G000594","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Tony Gonzales","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-tony-gonzales-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Tony Gonzales","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-tony-gonzales/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-tony-gonzales-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-tony-gonzales/"]},{"id":"P90_G000594","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's campaign paid $133,543 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: GONZALES RESEARCH ($56,000)","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $133,543 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GONZALES RESEARCH ($56,000 across 2 payments, services: GENERAL CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":133543,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GONZALES RESEARCH","total":56000,"count":2,"descriptions":["GENERAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"JOE GONZALES CAMPAIGN","total":55000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"ANDRES GONZALES AND ASSOCIATES","total":22543,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRINTING"]}],"surname":"gonzales"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0TX35015&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P102_G000594_2026","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales holds 2 nonprofit/foundation board roles on 2026 PFD — top: Officer · Colorado Democratic Latino Caucus","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 2 ongoing roles on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Officer · Colorado Democratic Latino Caucus · Officer · Board of Latino Legislative.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2026","count":2,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Colorado Democratic Latino Caucus Denver, CO","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2023 to present"},{"position":"Officer","entity":"Board of Latino Legislative Leaders Austin, Texas","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Mar 2021 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P109_G000594","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($7.5M total receipts) — top: TONY GONZALES VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $7.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TONY GONZALES VICTORY FUND (C00756080, $7.5M receipts, treasurer AUSTIN, JOHN). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":7.52,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00756080","name":"TONY GONZALES VICTORY FUND","receipts":7523030.9799999995,"treasurer":"AUSTIN, JOHN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756080/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00756080/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00756080/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P161_G000594_2026","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's 2026 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: RCITX - American Fds 2050 Target Date Retirement Fd Cl R.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"RCITX - American Fds 2050 Target Date Retirement Fd Cl R","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_G000594_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 7 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 7 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":7,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_G000594_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Ernest “Tony” Gonzales's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/17f9a238-962c-4927-b9be-8e5a442c4c44/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]}],"B000825":[{"id":"P6_B000825_uv90or","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$819,363 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Freedom Fund","explanation":"House Freedom Fund spent $819,363 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 263 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00552851","name":"House Freedom Fund","support":819362.68,"oppose":0,"events":263}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552851/"]},{"id":"P7_B000825_xsgej5","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $6,147,139 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $6,147,139 opposing this member across 522 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":6147139.480000007,"totalSupport":1207031.5099999995,"events":522,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2175343.51},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1326691.55},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":712445.74},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":508672.85},{"name":"COLORADO UNITED PAC","oppose":370000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B000825_7da2v0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $321,872 / spent $315,636","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00764795","cmteName":"WE THE PEOPLE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00764795","cmteName":"WE THE PEOPLE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":251283.9,"totalDisbursements":207802.1,"cashOnHand":43481.85},{"cmteId":"C00764795","cmteName":"WE THE PEOPLE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":59327.4,"totalDisbursements":92084.7,"cashOnHand":10724.56},{"cmteId":"C00764795","cmteName":"WE THE PEOPLE LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":11260.9,"totalDisbursements":15748.8,"cashOnHand":6236.63}],"totalRaised":321872.2,"totalSpent":315635.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B000825_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29930 employees of RETIRED gave $2,971,406 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 29930× RETIRED = $2,971,406. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":29930,"total":2971406,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B000825_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOEBERT, Lauren voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":376,"date":"2026-01-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of (H.R. 2988) Protecting Prudent Investment of Reti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P86_B000825","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lauren Boebert named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Lauren Boebert appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Lauren Boebert","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-59/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Lauren Boebert","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-46/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-59/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-46/"]},{"id":"P109_B000825","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lauren Boebert named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.5M total receipts) — top: TEAM BOEBERT JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE","explanation":"Lauren Boebert appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM BOEBERT JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE (C00764803, $1.5M receipts, treasurer MCCAULEY, MIKE). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.53,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00764803","name":"TEAM BOEBERT JOINT FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE","receipts":1532652,"treasurer":"MCCAULEY, MIKE","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00764803/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00764803/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00764803/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"C001116":[{"id":"P6_C001116_t02y2u","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$262,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Leading Democracy Inc","explanation":"Leading Democracy Inc spent $262,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00937763","name":"Leading Democracy Inc","support":262500,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00937763/"]},{"id":"P7_C001116_q9b9hb","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,089,832 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,089,832 opposing this member across 58 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1089831.9300000002,"totalSupport":350588,"events":58,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":653345.4900000001},{"name":"CONCERNED AMERICAN VOTERS","oppose":392046.32},{"name":"GEORGIA CONSERVATIVE ALLIANCE INC.","oppose":44440.12}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001116_gim7bm","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $235,689 / spent $227,819","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00482703","cmteName":"FREEDOM PAC, INC.","year":"2010","totalReceipts":67182,"totalDisbursements":62555.5,"cashOnHand":4626.43},{"cmteId":"C00482703","cmteName":"FREEDOM PAC, INC.","year":"2012","totalReceipts":59406.7,"totalDisbursements":63994.7,"cashOnHand":33.47},{"cmteId":"C00482703","cmteName":"FREEDOM PAC, INC.","year":"2014","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":5033.5,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00482703","cmteName":"FREEDOM PAC, INC.","year":"2016","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00482703","cmteName":"FREEDOM PAC, INC.","year":"2018","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":235688.7,"totalSpent":227818.60000000003}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001116_x2raba","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $1,340,354 in itemized individual contributions, $917,989 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1340354,"buckets":{"$200 and under":9508,"$200.01-$499":47251,"$500-$999":111283,"$1000-$1999":254323,"$2000 and over":917989},"megaShare":68.5,"smallDonorShare":0.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001116_dc1ojg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andrew Clyde campaign paid $1,700,775 to 68 surname-matched vendors, top: VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","explanation":"Andrew Clyde's campaign paid 221 disbursements totaling $1,700,775 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KATHLEEN CLYDE COMMITTEE","total":149834.59000000003,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"KATHLEEN CLYDE COMMITTEE","amount":12707.79,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"clyde","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KATHLEEN CLYDE COMMITTEE","amount":12707.79,"date":"2018-09-12","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"clyde","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KATHLEEN CLYDE COMMITTEE","amount":12707.79,"date":"2018-10-26","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"clyde","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BONNIE AND CLYDE, LLC","total":148490,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"BONNIE AND CLYDE, LLC","amount":10040,"date":"2024-04-01","description":"EVENT MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"clyde","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BONNIE AND CLYDE, LLC","amount":9000,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"clyde","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BONNIE AND CLYDE, LLC","amount":9000,"date":"2024-04-29","description":"EVENT MANAGEMENT CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"clyde","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLURE FOR U.S. SENATOR- IDAHOANS FOR JIM MCCLURE","total":99335,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLURE FOR U.S. SENATOR- IDAHOANS FOR JIM MCCLURE","amount":49335,"date":"1978-09-26","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"mcclure","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1978},{"payee":"MCCLURE FOR U.S. SENATOR- IDAHOANS FOR JIM MCCLURE","amount":10000,"date":"1983-06-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"mcclure","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1984},{"payee":"MCCLURE FOR U.S. SENATOR- IDAHOANS FOR JIM MCCLURE","amount":5000,"date":"1978-09-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"mcclure","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1978}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLURE, NICOLE","total":65000.1,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLURE, NICOLE","amount":5000.1,"date":"2024-05-02","description":"EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcclure","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCCLURE, NICOLE","amount":5000,"date":"2022-11-07","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcclure","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MCCLURE, NICOLE","amount":5000,"date":"2022-10-04","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcclure","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VIRGINIANS%20FOR%20JERRY%20KILGORE"]},{"id":"P29_C001116_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CLYDE, Andrew S. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001116","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Andrew Clyde has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_C001116","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $20,000","explanation":"Andrew Clyde received campaign contributions totaling $20,000 from 3 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":3,"totalDollars":20000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL PAC (FKA) NATIONAL BROILER COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CHICKEN COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_C001116","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andrew Clyde named in 11 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Andrew Clyde appears as a named subject in 11 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":11,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Andrew Clyde","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-68/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Andrew Clyde","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-67/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Andrew Clyde","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-clyde/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Andrew Clyde","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-50/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Andrew Clyde","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-47/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Andrew Clyde","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-43/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-68/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-67/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-clyde/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-50/"]},{"id":"P90_C001116","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Andrew Clyde's campaign paid $58,277 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: BONNIE AND CLYDE STRATEGIES ($20,000)","explanation":"Andrew Clyde's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 7 payments totaling $58,277 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BONNIE AND CLYDE STRATEGIES ($20,000 across 2 payments, services: CAMPAIGN CONSULT. · CAMPAIGN STRATEGY). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":58277.280000000006,"paymentCount":7,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BONNIE AND CLYDE STRATEGIES","total":20000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULT.","CAMPAIGN STRATEGY"]},{"payee":"CLYDE'S GALLERY PLACE","total":15877.8,"count":1,"descriptions":["FOOD AND DRINK"]},{"payee":"CLYDE, KATHLEEN M","total":6255.72,"count":1,"descriptions":["WAGES"]},{"payee":"CLYDE, KATHLEEN","total":5670,"count":1,"descriptions":["CANVASSING"]},{"payee":"WILLIAMS, CLYDE","total":5473.76,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARIES"]}],"surname":"clyde"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0GA09246&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"G000593":[{"id":"P6_G000593_ty8t6m","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$600,200 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from South Florida Residents First","explanation":"South Florida Residents First spent $600,200 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00733402","name":"South Florida Residents First","support":600200.14,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00733402/"]},{"id":"P7_G000593_541td2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $11,422,220 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $11,422,220 opposing this member across 114 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":11422219.87,"totalSupport":686211.21,"events":114,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DCCC","oppose":5176041.11},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":4483677.91},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":763601.11},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":481010},{"name":"NRDC Action Votes","oppose":240000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000593_cf4sn6","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,075 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,075 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13074.73,"oppose":0,"net":13074.73,"events":5,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13074.73,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000593_norps9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"77% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $2,282,021 in itemized individual contributions, $1,765,900 (77%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2282021,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-50934,"$200.01-$499":49064,"$500-$999":150524,"$1000-$1999":367467,"$2000 and over":1765900},"megaShare":77.4,"smallDonorShare":-2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000593_efa84i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$116,100 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $116,100 across 43 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,600.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00735985","date":"2020-03-31","amount":116100,"count":43,"baseline":18600,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00735985/"]},{"id":"P15_G000593_95z23","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,853 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $92,853 across 45 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,672.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00735985","date":"2021-06-30","amount":92853,"count":45,"baseline":5672,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00735985/"]},{"id":"P15_G000593_97w0o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,440 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 17.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $84,440 across 39 contributions — 17.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,897.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00735985","date":"2021-09-30","amount":84440,"count":39,"baseline":4897,"ratio":17.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00735985/"]},{"id":"P15_G000593_9423j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,225 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 15.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $56,225 across 22 contributions — 15.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,630.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00735985","date":"2021-03-31","amount":56225,"count":22,"baseline":3630,"ratio":15.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00735985/"]},{"id":"P19_G000593_u83vjc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Carlos Gimenez campaign paid $319,051 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez's campaign paid 14 disbursements totaling $319,051 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","total":180310.8,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","amount":50310.8,"date":"2022-03-17","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","amount":40000,"date":"2022-04-27","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LAFFEY, LEITNER & GOODE LLC","amount":20000,"date":"2022-02-11","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GIMENEZ FOR FL-26","total":65748.08,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"GIMENEZ FOR FL-26","amount":40249.41,"date":"2020-08-31","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"gimenez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GIMENEZ FOR FL-26","amount":13122.39,"date":"2020-09-24","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"gimenez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GIMENEZ FOR FL-26","amount":12376.28,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"gimenez","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NYEMASTER GOODE PC","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NYEMASTER GOODE PC","amount":50000,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"M-LEMINE CHEIKH AND JESSE P. GOODE","total":15813.01,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"M-LEMINE CHEIKH AND JESSE P. GOODE","amount":15813.01,"date":"2003-06-17","description":"SETTLEMENT AND RELEASE OF CLAIMS","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GOODE'S ARMADILLO PALACE","total":7178.92,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GOODE'S ARMADILLO PALACE","amount":7178.92,"date":"2015-03-25","description":"FACILITY RENTAL/FOOD/BEVERAGES","surnameMatched":"goode","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LAFFEY"]},{"id":"P25_G000593_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"51% of PAC dollars ($317,610) come from Party industry","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":317609.6,"share":51.3,"totalPAC":619428.67,"pacCount":26},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":317609.6,"share":51.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":164007.32,"share":26.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":61311.75,"share":9.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":29000,"share":4.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000593","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_G000593_Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affa_115946","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs testified before Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez sits on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability, which on 2023-05-16 held a hearing titled \"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"\". The witness Ms. Amy Spitalnick (Jewish Council for Public Affairs) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Homeland Security Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Accountability","eventId":"115946","title":"\"'Mostly Peaceful': Countering Left-Wing Organized Violence\"","date":"2023-05-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Amy Spitalnick","witnessOrg":"Jewish Council for Public Affairs","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115946","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20ISRAEL%20PUBLIC%20AFFAIRS%20COMMITTEE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_G000593","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $63,546.12","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez received campaign contributions totaling $63,546.12 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COASTAL 150 (COASTAL ALABAMA LEADERSHIP COUNCIL) ( ($18,011.75); CITY NATIONAL BANK ($10,534.37); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($5,000); COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":63546.119999999995,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"HISPANIC LEADERSHIP TRUST PARTNERSHIP","ldaClient":"COASTAL 150 (COASTAL ALABAMA LEADERSHIP COUNCIL) (FKA COASTAL AL PARTNERSHIP)","donorTotal":18011.75,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CLASSIC CITY BANK","ldaClient":"CITY NATIONAL BANK","donorTotal":10534.369999999999,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS, INC. PAC (ABC PAC)","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTE","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_G000593","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $92,853 on 2021-06-30 (16.4× normal)","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $92,853 on 2021-06-30 — 16.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":233518,"maxRatio":17.2,"maxAmount":92853},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-30","amount":92853,"ratio":16.4,"baselineDaily":5672,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00735985","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00735985&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-09-30","amount":84440,"ratio":17.2,"baselineDaily":4897,"count":39,"cmteId":"C00735985","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00735985&min_date=2021-09-30&max_date=2021-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-31","amount":56225,"ratio":15.5,"baselineDaily":3630,"count":22,"cmteId":"C00735985","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00735985&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00735985/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00735985&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_G000593","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 14 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 14 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (4); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":14,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000593","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_G000593","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carlos Gimenez named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.5M total receipts) — top: GIMENEZ VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GIMENEZ VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00739409, $1.5M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.48,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00739409","name":"GIMENEZ VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1481036.53,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00739409/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00739409/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00739409/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_G000593","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Carlos Gimenez's PAC funding concentrates 87% in Finance ($0.16M / $0.19M classified)","explanation":"Carlos Gimenez's PAC donors concentrate 87% in the Finance industry — $0.16M of $0.19M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.16M · Labor $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.16,"totalPacAmountM":0.19,"concentrationPct":86.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.16,"Labor":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL26036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"M001214":[{"id":"P6_M001214_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$283,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $283,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":283500,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P7_M001214_t3nqz9","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $885,551 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $885,551 opposing this member across 62 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":885551.2899999999,"totalSupport":389193.27,"events":62,"topAttackers":[{"name":"WFW ACTION FUND INC","oppose":610000},{"name":"WOMEN SPEAK OUT PAC","oppose":96244.5},{"name":"American Leadership PAC","oppose":95676.78},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","oppose":71410.41},{"name":"INDIANA LEADS PAC","oppose":12219.6}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001214_k7von4","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$23,890 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $23,890 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":23890.01,"oppose":0,"net":23890.01,"events":21,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":23890.01,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005152","name":"UAW NATIONAL CAP","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001214_784i5c","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Mrvan campaign paid $66,382 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: BIERMAN, JAMES N","explanation":"Frank Mrvan's campaign paid 24 disbursements totaling $66,382 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIERMAN, JAMES N","total":11428.95,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BIERMAN, JAMES N","amount":11428.95,"date":"2021-10-13","description":"POSTCARDS TO VOTERS (NONFEDERAL ELECTION0","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIERMAN, BRETT J.","total":10115.52,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BIERMAN, BRETT J.","amount":5461.22,"date":"2020-05-15","description":"REINBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BIERMAN, BRETT J.","amount":1750,"date":"2020-03-09","description":"BILLBOARD","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BIERMAN, BRETT J.","amount":1670.85,"date":"2020-06-07","description":"REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIERMAN, JAMES N JR","total":8604.08,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BIERMAN, JAMES N JR","amount":3501.8,"date":"2020-09-17","description":"GOTV POSTCARD STAMPS (VOLUNTEER EXEMPT, SUPPORTING BIDEN/HARRIS, PASQUALE)","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BIERMAN, JAMES N JR","amount":2101.8,"date":"2020-09-17","description":"GOTV POSTCARD STAMPS (VOLUNTEER EXEMPT, SUPPORTING BIDEN/HARRIS, PASQUALE)","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BIERMAN, JAMES N JR","amount":1751.8,"date":"2020-09-17","description":"GOTV POSTCARDS STAMPS (NO FEDERAL CANDIDATE MENTIONED)","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JIMMY BIERMAN FOR SUPERVISOR","total":5800,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"JIMMY BIERMAN FOR SUPERVISOR","amount":2600,"date":"2023-06-06","description":"2023 VOLUNTARY NON-FEDERAL OTHER","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JIMMY BIERMAN FOR SUPERVISOR","amount":2000,"date":"2023-06-15","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JIMMY BIERMAN FOR SUPERVISOR","amount":1200,"date":"2023-10-25","description":"G-2023 CO. BD. OF SUPV. DRANESVILLE VA","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIERMAN, ADAM","total":5400,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BIERMAN, ADAM","amount":5400,"date":"2017-09-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIERMAN, LAUREN MS.","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BIERMAN, LAUREN MS.","amount":5000,"date":"2012-12-01","description":"SALARY/CAMPAIGN MANAGER","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BIERMAN"]},{"id":"P61_M001214","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"36 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $218,300","explanation":"Frank Mrvan received campaign contributions totaling $218,300 from 36 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 36 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,300); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); UNITED STEELWORKERS ($10,000); CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":36,"totalDollars":218300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STEELWORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED STEELWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CLEVELAND-CLIFFS INC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_M001214","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Mrvan draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.2M PAC / $16.2M total)","explanation":"Frank Mrvan's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.2M of $16.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.19,"pacSharePct":38.1,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0IN01150"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IN01150/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001214","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Mrvan's PAC funding concentrates 43% in Labor ($0.06M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Frank Mrvan's PAC donors concentrate 43% in the Labor industry — $0.06M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.06M · Technology $0.02M · Agriculture $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":42.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.06,"Technology":0.02,"Agriculture":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Transportation":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IN01150/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_M001214","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Mrvan — DW-NOMINATE -0.30 vs IN delegation mean 0.27 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Frank Mrvan's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.30) is 1.5 standard deviations from the IN delegation mean (0.27). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IN","memberScore":-0.305,"delegationMean":0.26830434782608703,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M001211":[{"id":"P6_M001211_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,655,784 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $1,655,784 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 63 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":1655784.1999999993,"oppose":0,"events":63}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_M001211_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$683,269 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION spent $683,269 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":683268.5599999999,"oppose":0,"events":7},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM FUND","total":44731}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P6_M001211_tz94di","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$598,495 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from RIGHT WOMEN PAC","explanation":"RIGHT WOMEN PAC spent $598,495 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00718841","name":"RIGHT WOMEN PAC","support":598494.81,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718841/"]},{"id":"P7_M001211_383x7h","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,036,803 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,036,803 opposing this member across 200 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3036802.62,"totalSupport":3039587.9599999995,"events":200,"topAttackers":[{"name":"ILLINOIS VALUES PAC","oppose":1532367.0999999999},{"name":"1818 PAC","oppose":615000},{"name":"STRONG LEADERS FUND","oppose":538642.52},{"name":"The Governing Majority Fund","oppose":350793}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001211_ievz38","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,800 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 16.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $58,800 across 26 contributions — 16.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,527.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00723916","date":"2021-06-30","amount":58800,"count":26,"baseline":3527,"ratio":16.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00723916/"]},{"id":"P15_M001211_iwpb0e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$269,502 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $269,502 across 187 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $34,973.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00911164","date":"2025-12-31","amount":269502,"count":187,"baseline":34973,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/"]},{"id":"P15_M001211_iwpazo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$244,434 donation spike on 2025-12-26 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-26 this committee recorded $244,434 across 144 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,685.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00911164","date":"2025-12-26","amount":244434,"count":144,"baseline":25685,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/"]},{"id":"P15_M001211_iwpayv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$222,223 donation spike on 2025-12-18 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-18 this committee recorded $222,223 across 149 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,352.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00911164","date":"2025-12-18","amount":222223,"count":149,"baseline":17352,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/"]},{"id":"P15_M001211_iwpayo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,305 donation spike on 2025-12-11 — 12.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-11 this committee recorded $125,305 across 80 contributions — 12.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,708.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00911164","date":"2025-12-11","amount":125305,"count":80,"baseline":9708,"ratio":12.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/"]},{"id":"P15_M001211_xkjsmb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$108,225 donation spike on 2026-02-25 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2026-02-25 this committee recorded $108,225 across 103 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,476.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00911164","date":"2026-02-25","amount":108225,"count":103,"baseline":17476,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/"]},{"id":"P15_M001211_xkjslc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,492 donation spike on 2026-02-11 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2026-02-11 this committee recorded $106,492 across 79 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,607.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00911164","date":"2026-02-11","amount":106492,"count":79,"baseline":15607,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/"]},{"id":"P15_M001211_iwpaxv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,093 donation spike on 2025-12-03 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-03 this committee recorded $56,093 across 34 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,357.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00911164","date":"2025-12-03","amount":56093,"count":34,"baseline":5357,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/"]},{"id":"P15_M001211_iwoo07","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,350 donation spike on 2025-11-28 — 16.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-28 this committee recorded $54,350 across 35 contributions — 16.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,281.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00911164","date":"2025-11-28","amount":54350,"count":35,"baseline":3281,"ratio":16.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/"]},{"id":"P19_M001211_ihemfd","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mary Miller campaign paid $8,862,816 to 67 surname-matched vendors, top: RINDY MILLER MEDIA","explanation":"Mary Miller's campaign paid 149 disbursements totaling $8,862,816 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","total":1484730.24,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":182000,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":169012.44,"date":"2021-12-15","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":154500,"date":"2022-09-14","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER","total":653500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER","amount":187000,"date":"2008-10-10","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER","amount":166000,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER","amount":150500,"date":"2008-10-03","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","total":500025,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","amount":245831.11,"date":"2016-04-08","description":"LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","amount":150000,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","amount":54193.89,"date":"2016-04-08","description":"LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","total":385472.88,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","amount":200000,"date":"2012-05-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JOE MILLER","amount":185472.88,"date":"2012-05-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MILLER, CATHERINE K","total":310049.17,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MILLER, CATHERINE K","amount":75789.17,"date":"2017-04-27","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MILLER, CATHERINE K","amount":63620,"date":"2016-07-07","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MILLER, CATHERINE K","amount":60620,"date":"2014-04-25","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RINDY%20MILLER%20MEDIA"]},{"id":"P25_M001211_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"54% of PAC dollars ($168,814) come from Party industry","explanation":"Mary Miller receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":168814.34,"share":54.4,"totalPAC":310248.66000000003,"pacCount":18},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":168814.34,"share":54.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":54731,"share":17.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":25500,"share":8.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":23500,"share":7.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001211_AgWest_Farm_Credit_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"AgWest Farm Credit testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Mary Miller sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mrs. Mandy Minick (AgWest Farm Credit) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Mandy Minick","witnessOrg":"AgWest Farm Credit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_M001211_Minnesota_Corn_Growers_Associa_117549","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Minnesota Corn Growers Association testified before House Agriculture — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Mary Miller sits on House Agriculture, which on 2024-07-23 held a hearing titled \"“Financial Conditions in Farm Country”\". The witness Dr. Dana Allen-Tully (Minnesota Corn Growers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"117549","title":"“Financial Conditions in Farm Country”","date":"2024-07-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Dana Allen-Tully","witnessOrg":"Minnesota Corn Growers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117549"},{"source":"donor","name":"ILLINOIS CORN GROWERS ASSOCIATION","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ILLINOIS%20CORN%20GROWERS%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117549","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ILLINOIS%20CORN%20GROWERS%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_M001211_National_Association_of_Corn_G_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Corn Growers testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"Mary Miller sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Tom Haag (National Association of Corn Growers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Haag","witnessOrg":"National Association of Corn Growers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"ILLINOIS CORN GROWERS ASSOCIATION","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ILLINOIS%20CORN%20GROWERS%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ILLINOIS%20CORN%20GROWERS%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P61_M001211","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $30,000","explanation":"Mary Miller received campaign contributions totaling $30,000 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($5,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":30000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC - NADAPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS INC PAC","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M001211","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $222,223 on 2025-12-18 (12.8× normal)","explanation":"Mary Miller's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $222,223 on 2025-12-18 — 12.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":516771,"maxRatio":16.7,"maxAmount":222223},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-18","amount":222223,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":17352,"count":149,"cmteId":"C00911164","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00911164&min_date=2025-12-18&max_date=2025-12-18"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-11","amount":125305,"ratio":12.9,"baselineDaily":9708,"count":80,"cmteId":"C00911164","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00911164&min_date=2025-12-11&max_date=2025-12-11"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-30","amount":58800,"ratio":16.7,"baselineDaily":3527,"count":26,"cmteId":"C00723916","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00723916&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-03","amount":56093,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":5357,"count":34,"cmteId":"C00911164","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00911164&min_date=2025-12-03&max_date=2025-12-03"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-11-28","amount":54350,"ratio":16.6,"baselineDaily":3281,"count":35,"cmteId":"C00911164","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00911164&min_date=2025-11-28&max_date=2025-11-28"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00911164/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00911164&min_date=2025-12-18&max_date=2025-12-18"]},{"id":"P86_M001211","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mary Miller named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Mary Miller appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Mary Miller","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-mary/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-mary/"]},{"id":"P90_M001211","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mary Miller's campaign paid $4,948,212 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: RINDY MILLER MEDIA ($2,026,534)","explanation":"Mary Miller's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 39 payments totaling $4,948,212 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: RINDY MILLER MEDIA ($2,026,534 across 11 payments, services: MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING · MEDIA BUYS · ADVERTISING TIME BUY). Cycles covered: 2004, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":4948211.72,"paymentCount":39,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"descriptions":["MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","MEDIA BUYS","ADVERTISING TIME BUY"]},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER","total":653500,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"CANDICE MILLER FOR MACOMB","total":500025,"count":4,"descriptions":["LOCAL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MILLER, CATHERINE K","total":310049.17,"count":5,"descriptions":["FINANCE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"JOE MILLER FOR US SENATE","total":298571,"count":4,"descriptions":["TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS-SEE MEMOS","TRANSMITTAL OF EARMARKS"]}],"surname":"miller"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0IL15129&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P195_M001211","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mary Miller — DW-NOMINATE 0.79 vs IL delegation mean -0.09 (2.3σ outlier)","explanation":"Mary Miller's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.79) is 2.3 standard deviations from the IL delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IL","memberScore":0.791,"delegationMean":-0.09283749999999999,"zscore":"2.27"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"F000485":[{"id":"P6_F000485_th5syl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,658,679 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE IN","explanation":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC. spent $1,658,679 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835967","name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","support":1658679.1,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835967/"]},{"id":"P6_F000485_t176x8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$686,580 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN MISSION","explanation":"AMERICAN MISSION spent $686,580 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00916692","name":"AMERICAN MISSION","support":686580,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00916692/"]},{"id":"P6_F000485_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$518,663 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Club for Growth Action","explanation":"Club for Growth Action spent $518,663 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 24 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"Club for Growth Action","support":518662.88999999996,"oppose":0,"events":24}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_F000485_t17xn4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$300,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FELLOWSHIP PAC","explanation":"FELLOWSHIP PAC spent $300,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00915181","name":"FELLOWSHIP PAC","support":300000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00915181/"]},{"id":"P11_F000485_iinaan","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $841,866 in itemized individual contributions, $522,636 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":841866,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-13122,"$200.01-$499":34091,"$500-$999":85994,"$1000-$1999":212267,"$2000 and over":522636},"megaShare":62.1,"smallDonorShare":-1.6}],"citations":[]}],"C001039":[{"id":"P6_C001039_ue47bx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$409,809 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Freedom Political Action Committ","explanation":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee spent $409,809 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00657866","name":"Protect Freedom Political Action Committee","support":409808.92,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657866/"]},{"id":"P6_C001039_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$370,450 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $370,450 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 31 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":370450.11,"oppose":0,"events":31}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P19_C001039_qbd5te","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Katherine “Kat” Cammack campaign paid $233,922 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: CAMMACK, KATHRYN","explanation":"Katherine “Kat” Cammack's campaign paid 95 disbursements totaling $233,922 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMMACK, KATHRYN","total":145277.82000000004,"count":49,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATHRYN","amount":26057.69,"date":"2014-11-12","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATHRYN","amount":25000,"date":"2021-07-14","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATHRYN","amount":15000,"date":"2021-07-14","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMMACK, KAT","total":40000,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMMACK, KAT","amount":5000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KAT","amount":5000,"date":"2024-10-23","description":"","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KAT","amount":3000,"date":"2023-03-28","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMMACK, KATRINA","total":14000.91,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATRINA","amount":4500,"date":"2012-11-01","description":"CONTRACT LABOR","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATRINA","amount":2700.85,"date":"2012-11-01","description":"CONTRACT LABOR","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATRINA","amount":2500,"date":"2012-12-06","description":"CONTRACT LABOR","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMMACK, ROB","total":7017,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMMACK, ROB","amount":2800,"date":"2021-03-01","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CAMMACK, ROB","amount":2800,"date":"2021-05-17","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CAMMACK, ROB","amount":1417,"date":"2024-03-08","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMMACK, ROBERT","total":5600,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMMACK, ROBERT","amount":5600,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CAMMACK, KATRINA N.","total":5271.0199999999995,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATRINA N.","amount":1054.21,"date":"2012-03-31","description":"CAMPAIGN EMPLOYEE SALARY","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATRINA N.","amount":1054.21,"date":"2012-02-29","description":"CAMPAIGN EMPLOYEE SALARY","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATRINA N.","amount":1054.2,"date":"2012-04-15","description":"CAMPAIGN EMPLOYEE SALARY","surnameMatched":"cammack","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CAMMACK"]},{"id":"P25_C001039_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"56% of PAC dollars ($368,918) come from Party industry","explanation":"Katherine “Kat” Cammack receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":368918.43,"share":55.5,"totalPAC":664418.4299999999,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":368918.43,"share":55.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":65000,"share":9.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":58500,"share":8.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":35000,"share":5.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_C001039_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CAMMACK, Kat voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":7,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_C001039","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $170,000","explanation":"Katherine “Kat” Cammack received campaign contributions totaling $170,000 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 23 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION ($10,000); NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":170000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION PAC (GUIDEWELL PAC)","ldaClient":"GUIDEWELL MUTUAL HOLDING CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL STONE SAND AND GRAVEL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001039","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katherine “Kat” Cammack's campaign paid $50,308 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: CAMMACK, KATHRYN ($40,308)","explanation":"Katherine “Kat” Cammack's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $50,308 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CAMMACK, KATHRYN ($40,308 across 3 payments, services: SALARY). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":50307.69,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CAMMACK, KATHRYN","total":40307.69,"count":3,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"CAMMACK, KAT","total":10000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"cammack"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0FL03175&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001039","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katherine “Kat” Cammack draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.8M PAC / $15.3M total)","explanation":"Katherine “Kat” Cammack's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.8M of $15.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.25,"pacSharePct":31.6,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0FL03175"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL03175/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"V000137":[{"id":"P6_V000137_tw3jjx","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$14,749,532 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PROTECT OHIO VALUES PAC (POV PAC)","explanation":"PROTECT OHIO VALUES PAC (POV PAC) spent $14,749,532 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 60 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00770495","name":"PROTECT OHIO VALUES PAC (POV PAC)","support":14749531.700000001,"oppose":0,"events":60}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770495/"]},{"id":"P6_V000137_thodts","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$500,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from PA LAWYER FUND","explanation":"PA LAWYER FUND spent $500,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00827659","name":"PA LAWYER FUND","support":500000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00827659/"]},{"id":"P6_V000137_thpric","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$300,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION","explanation":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION spent $300,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00825158","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND ACTION","support":300000,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00825158/"]},{"id":"P7_V000137_vjuduc","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $21,809,606 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $21,809,606 opposing this member across 439 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":21809606.169999998,"totalSupport":16726920.999999985,"events":439,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Save America Fund","oppose":7059717.720000001},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":5183039.489999999},{"name":"FF PAC","oppose":2867744.95},{"name":"Republican Accountability PAC","oppose":1743685.63},{"name":"OHIO LEADS","oppose":1732960}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_V000137_dk5new","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,455,178 / spent $1,613,873","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00783167","cmteName":"WORKING FOR OHIO","year":"2022","totalReceipts":610219.3,"totalDisbursements":314591.9,"cashOnHand":295627.43},{"cmteId":"C00783167","cmteName":"WORKING FOR OHIO","year":"2024","totalReceipts":429512.8,"totalDisbursements":709121.1,"cashOnHand":16019.12},{"cmteId":"C00783167","cmteName":"WORKING FOR OHIO","year":"2026","totalReceipts":1415446,"totalDisbursements":590160.4,"cashOnHand":841304.73}],"totalRaised":2455178.1,"totalSpent":1613873.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_V000137_7pl5zh","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 24 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"VANCE, James David voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 24 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1,"date":"2025-01-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to take into custody aliens"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":689,"date":"2024-12-20","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend title II of the Social Security Act to repeal the Government pen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":678,"date":"2024-12-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend title II of the Social Security Act to repeal the Government pen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":674,"date":"2024-12-12","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Com"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Noel Wise, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern Di"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_V000137_tituhs","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Republican Accountability PAC both supported ($3,183) and opposed ($1,743,686) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Vice President James David “J.D.” Vance advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00804856","name":"Republican Accountability PAC","support":3183.25,"oppose":1743685.63,"events":37}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804856/"]},{"id":"P43_V000137_WMT_20231003","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Vice President James David “J.D.” Vance sell $WMT 9 days before a corporate insider (Nicholas Christopher James  (CIK 0001992808)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Nicholas Christopher James  (CIK 0001992808)","filingDate":"2023-10-12","adsh":"0001127602-23-025802"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P109_V000137","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vice President James David “J.D.” Vance named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.8M total receipts) — top: VANCE VICTORY","explanation":"Vice President James David “J.D.” Vance appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: VANCE VICTORY (C00817072, $5.8M receipts, treasurer LISKER, LISA). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.84,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00817072","name":"VANCE VICTORY","receipts":5844504.119999999,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817072/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817072/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00817072/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"F000475":[{"id":"P6_F000475_tiqtkg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,746,367 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","explanation":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION spent $1,746,367 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00809020","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":1746367.2400000002,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809020/"]},{"id":"P11_F000475_z69myd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"78% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -15%)","explanation":"Of $1,901,035 in itemized individual contributions, $1,484,103 (78%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1901035,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-291628,"$200.01-$499":125257,"$500-$999":193616,"$1000-$1999":389687,"$2000 and over":1484103},"megaShare":78.1,"smallDonorShare":-15.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000475_ofdvoq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,143 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $81,143 across 76 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,818.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00807743","date":"2022-06-30","amount":81143,"count":76,"baseline":5818,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807743/"]},{"id":"P15_F000475_ofbyq5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,554 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $75,554 across 80 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,438.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00807743","date":"2022-09-30","amount":75554,"count":80,"baseline":5438,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807743/"]},{"id":"P15_F000475_jlr20t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,000 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $51,000 across 21 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,756.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00807743","date":"2025-03-31","amount":51000,"count":21,"baseline":4756,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807743/"]},{"id":"P19_F000475_igwxhl","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brad Finstad campaign paid $77,745 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: DATWYLER, THOMAS","explanation":"Brad Finstad's campaign paid 81 disbursements totaling $77,745 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","total":7934.4400000000005,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":1550,"date":"2014-02-03","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":975,"date":"2014-01-29","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":951,"date":"2013-10-17","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","total":7445.3,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":2445.3,"date":"2014-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":2000,"date":"2008-08-21","description":"INTERN STIPEND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":1000,"date":"2014-07-31","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING-CANDIDATE INKIND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, TOMMY","total":1071.75,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, TOMMY","amount":448.8,"date":"2011-07-11","description":"SHIPPING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DATWYLER, TOMMY","amount":366.92,"date":"2013-02-15","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, TOMMY","amount":256.03,"date":"2013-02-05","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, ELEANOR","total":200,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, ELEANOR","amount":200,"date":"2012-12-13","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DATWYLER"]},{"id":"P31_F000475_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $2,053,701 supporting member — 1.0× their own $1,975,243 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.0×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":2053700.6400000018,"events":194},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":1975242.85},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.04},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"AMERICAN DREAM FEDERAL ACTION","support":1746367.2400000002},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Americans For Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":236290.63999999996},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_F000475_National_Pork_Producers_Counci_118529","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Pork Producers Council testified before House Agriculture — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Agriculture, which on 2025-07-23 held a hearing titled \"\"An Examination of the Implications of Proposition 12\"\". The witness Mr. Patrick Hord (National Pork Producers Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"118529","title":"\"An Examination of the Implications of Proposition 12\"","date":"2025-07-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Patrick Hord","witnessOrg":"National Pork Producers Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118529"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118529","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000475_Council_of_Producers_and_Distr_118519","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA) testified before House Agriculture — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Agriculture, which on 2025-07-22 held a hearing titled \"\"Past Breakthroughs and Future Innovations in Crop Production\"\". The witness Mr. Terry Abbott (Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"118519","title":"\"Past Breakthroughs and Future Innovations in Crop Production\"","date":"2025-07-22T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Terry Abbott","witnessOrg":"Council of Producers and Distributors of Agrotechnology (CPDA)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118519"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118519","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000475_AgWest_Farm_Credit_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"AgWest Farm Credit testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mrs. Mandy Minick (AgWest Farm Credit) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Mandy Minick","witnessOrg":"AgWest Farm Credit","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=THE%20FARM%20CREDIT%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000475_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF TH...","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20TH..."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20TH..."]},{"id":"P47_F000475_IUPAT_International_Union_of_P_117691","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades) testified before House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development, which on 2024-09-25 held a hearing titled \"Avenues to Success: Examining Workforce Training Programs for Employees\". The witness Mr. Frank Stento (IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","eventId":"117691","title":"Avenues to Success: Examining Workforce Training Programs for Employees","date":"2024-09-25T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Frank Stento","witnessOrg":"IUPAT (International Union of Painter’s & Allied Trades)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117691"},{"source":"donor","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20TOGETHER%20POLITICAL%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117691","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20PAINTERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20TRADES%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20TOGETHER%20POLITICAL%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_F000475_Western_Sugar_Cooperative_117513","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Western Sugar Cooperative testified before House Agriculture — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Agriculture, which on 2024-07-10 held a hearing titled \"“Examining the Consequences of EPA’s Actions on American Agriculture”\". The witness Dr. Rebecca Larson (Western Sugar Cooperative) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"117513","title":"“Examining the Consequences of EPA’s Actions on American Agriculture”","date":"2024-07-10T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Rebecca Larson","witnessOrg":"Western Sugar Cooperative","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117513"},{"source":"donor","name":"SOUTHERN MINNESOTA BEET SUGAR COOPERATIVE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MN","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SOUTHERN%20MINNESOTA%20BEET%20SUGAR%20COOPERATIVE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117513","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SOUTHERN%20MINNESOTA%20BEET%20SUGAR%20COOPERATIVE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000475_National_Pork_Producers_Counci_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Pork Producers Council testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. Scott Hays (National Pork Producers Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Scott Hays","witnessOrg":"National Pork Producers Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"IA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20PORK%20PRODUCERS%20COUNCIL%20PORK%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000475_National_Turkey_Federation_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Turkey Federation testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. John Zimmerman (National Turkey Federation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Zimmerman","witnessOrg":"National Turkey Federation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITEE/TURPAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TURKEY%20FEDERATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITEE%2FTURPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TURKEY%20FEDERATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITEE%2FTURPAC"]},{"id":"P47_F000475_United_Association_of_Plumbers_115809","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters testified before House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Brad Finstad sits on House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development\". The witness Mr. Erik Elzy (United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Small Business Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","eventId":"115809","title":"Subcommittee on Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Workforce Development","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Erik Elzy","witnessOrg":"United Association of Plumbers and Pipefitters","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115809"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF TH...","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20TH..."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115809","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20TH..."]},{"id":"P61_F000475","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $115,000","explanation":"Brad Finstad received campaign contributions totaling $115,000 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 19 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); GROWTH ENERGY ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":115000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GROWTH ENERGY PAC","ldaClient":"GROWTH ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_F000475","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $81,143 on 2022-06-30 (13.9× normal)","explanation":"Brad Finstad's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $81,143 on 2022-06-30 — 13.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":207697,"maxRatio":13.9,"maxAmount":81143},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-06-30","amount":81143,"ratio":13.9,"baselineDaily":5818,"count":76,"cmteId":"C00807743","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00807743&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-09-30","amount":75554,"ratio":13.9,"baselineDaily":5438,"count":80,"cmteId":"C00807743","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00807743&min_date=2022-09-30&max_date=2022-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-31","amount":51000,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":4756,"count":21,"cmteId":"C00807743","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00807743&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00807743/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00807743&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"]},{"id":"P138_F000475","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brad Finstad draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.3M PAC / $9.7M total)","explanation":"Brad Finstad's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.3M of $9.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.28,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.7,"pacSharePct":44.2,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2MN01223"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MN01223/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000399":[{"id":"P6_K000399_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,035,576 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $1,035,576 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 85 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":1035576.3300000005,"oppose":0,"events":85}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_K000399_ucknkh","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$331,250 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC","explanation":"LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC spent $331,250 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00681825","name":"LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR A SAFER AMERICA PAC","support":331250,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00681825/"]},{"id":"P7_K000399_uysae1","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,242,925 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,242,925 opposing this member across 295 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8242925.289999996,"totalSupport":2723980.1099999994,"events":295,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5068723},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1063537.2},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":934540.8},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":414507.19},{"name":"CENTER FORWARD COMMITTEE","oppose":300000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_K000399_hjljn5","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$33,382 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $33,382 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":33382.1,"oppose":0,"net":33382.1,"events":12,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":30083.870000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3298.23,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_K000399_n4ggce","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $5,840,209 in itemized individual contributions, $3,596,931 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5840209,"buckets":{"$200 and under":69672,"$200.01-$499":371347,"$500-$999":581498,"$1000-$1999":1220761,"$2000 and over":3596931},"megaShare":61.6,"smallDonorShare":1.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_K000399_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23748 employees of RETIRED gave $1,992,382 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 23748× RETIRED = $1,992,382. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":23748,"total":1992382,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000399_37y4az","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$143,557 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $143,557 across 255 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,178.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00776120","date":"2022-09-30","amount":143557,"count":255,"baseline":22178,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776120/"]},{"id":"P15_K000399_u7vbm0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,539 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 13.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $95,539 across 95 contributions — 13.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,096.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00776120","date":"2025-09-30","amount":95539,"count":95,"baseline":7096,"ratio":13.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776120/"]},{"id":"P15_K000399_381y84","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,292 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $72,292 across 108 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,237.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00776120","date":"2022-03-31","amount":72292,"count":108,"baseline":9237,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776120/"]},{"id":"P15_K000399_q4sj50","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,561 donation spike on 2024-06-18 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-18 this committee recorded $71,561 across 75 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,402.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00776120","date":"2024-06-18","amount":71561,"count":75,"baseline":8402,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776120/"]},{"id":"P15_K000399_u7z5j5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,257 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $64,257 across 46 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,831.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00776120","date":"2025-03-31","amount":64257,"count":46,"baseline":8831,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776120/"]},{"id":"P15_K000399_q4ug53","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,332 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $61,332 across 157 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,540.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00776120","date":"2024-09-30","amount":61332,"count":157,"baseline":9540,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776120/"]},{"id":"P15_K000399_hvx2ww","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,635 donation spike on 2021-12-01 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-01 this committee recorded $53,635 across 37 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,947.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00776120","date":"2021-12-01","amount":53635,"count":37,"baseline":5947,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776120/"]},{"id":"P19_K000399_3npg1v","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jennifer Kiggans campaign paid $565,250 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: ELECT KATIE HOBBS","explanation":"Jennifer Kiggans's campaign paid 37 disbursements totaling $565,250 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","total":386952.87,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":127358.97,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":86933.21,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":48760.69,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","total":76450,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":26450,"date":"2022-12-05","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":25000,"date":"2023-01-03","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":25000,"date":"2022-12-30","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","total":26900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":10600,"date":"2022-12-07","description":"ELECTION DEBT RETIREMENT","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":5500,"date":"2025-07-09","description":"AZ GOVERNOR","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":5400,"date":"2024-09-11","description":"AZ GOVERNOR","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","total":15017,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","amount":7795,"date":"2016-10-04","description":"MEMORABILIA","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","amount":7222,"date":"2004-08-27","description":"MISCELLANEOUS BUTTONS & LAPEL PINS","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOBBS, NICOLE","total":12000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOBBS, NICOLE","amount":12000,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":10000,"date":"2022-12-20","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ELECT%20KATIE%20HOBBS"]},{"id":"P25_K000399_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of PAC dollars ($1,971,131) come from Party industry","explanation":"Jennifer Kiggans receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1971130.98,"share":68.2,"totalPAC":2891087.8,"pacCount":10},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1971130.98,"share":68.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":710513.75,"share":24.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":102671.72999999998,"share":3.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":82414.06000000001,"share":2.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000399","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Jennifer Kiggans has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_K000399","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $95,539 on 2025-09-30 (13.5× normal)","explanation":"Jennifer Kiggans's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $95,539 on 2025-09-30 — 13.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":95539,"maxRatio":13.5,"maxAmount":95539},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":95539,"ratio":13.5,"baselineDaily":7096,"count":95,"cmteId":"C00776120","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00776120&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00776120&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"]},{"id":"P78_K000399","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 17 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jennifer Kiggans appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 17 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (7); ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":17,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/K000399","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_K000399","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jennifer Kiggans's PAC funding concentrates 77% in Finance ($0.08M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Jennifer Kiggans's PAC donors concentrate 77% in the Finance industry — $0.08M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.08M · Labor $0.02M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":77.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.08,"Labor":0.02}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2VA02064/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"G000602":[{"id":"P6_G000602_tfzsau","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,916,274 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Battleground New York","explanation":"Battleground New York spent $1,916,274 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 37 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00859355","name":"Battleground New York","support":1916274.1999999997,"oppose":0,"events":37}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859355/"]},{"id":"P6_G000602_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,116,756 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $1,116,756 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 28 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":1116756.48,"oppose":0,"events":28}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_G000602_tedq06","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$553,264 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NY Common Ground","explanation":"NY Common Ground spent $553,264 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00887141","name":"NY Common Ground","support":553264,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00887141/"]},{"id":"P6_G000602_texih8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$546,434 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Common Sense New York","explanation":"Common Sense New York spent $546,434 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 50 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00877191","name":"Common Sense New York","support":546434.0900000001,"oppose":0,"events":50}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877191/"]},{"id":"P6_G000602_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$466,857 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HMP","explanation":"HMP spent $466,857 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"HMP","support":466857.1200000001,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_G000602_tx4nuv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$372,241 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKERS VOTE","explanation":"WORKERS VOTE spent $372,241 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00754051","name":"WORKERS VOTE","support":372241.23,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00754051/"]},{"id":"P6_G000602_tivtry","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,662 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Our Future PAC","explanation":"Protect Our Future PAC spent $250,662 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00801514","name":"Protect Our Future PAC","support":250662.26,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801514/"]},{"id":"P7_G000602_h05p9p","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,117,502 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,117,502 opposing this member across 340 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2117502.4400000004,"totalSupport":5888637.099999999,"events":340,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":2008847.29},{"name":"WE DECIDE","oppose":90676.35},{"name":"PROTECT AND SERVE PAC","oppose":17978.8}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_G000602_w30maf","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $1,110,169 in itemized individual contributions, $675,213 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1110169,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-15771,"$200.01-$499":38106,"$500-$999":132221,"$1000-$1999":280400,"$2000 and over":675213},"megaShare":60.8,"smallDonorShare":-1.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000602_gtrs1l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,130 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $56,130 across 66 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,062.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00806547","date":"2022-06-30","amount":56130,"count":66,"baseline":6062,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00806547/"]},{"id":"P19_G000602_x8kh9y","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Laura Gillen campaign paid $50,510 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: NISSEN, BRIAN","explanation":"Laura Gillen's campaign paid 40 disbursements totaling $50,510 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BRIAN","total":35440.66,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2016-07-27","description":"ENTERTAINMENT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":4048.9,"date":"2018-02-22","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, BRIAN","amount":3924.65,"date":"2018-02-14","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, DAVID","total":6400,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":2700,"date":"2019-08-20","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, DAVID","amount":1000,"date":"1996-05-07","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, BOONE","total":2460.14,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":670.89,"date":"2020-03-15","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":665,"date":"2016-06-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NISSEN, BOONE","amount":545.75,"date":"2016-04-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, SPENCER","total":1200,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-04-12","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-08-20","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"NISSEN, SPENCER","amount":200,"date":"2002-07-17","description":"EARMARKED INTERMEDIARY OUT","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, STEVEN","total":1000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, STEVEN","amount":1000,"date":"2020-07-21","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NISSEN, MARIAN","total":1000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NISSEN, MARIAN","amount":500,"date":"2021-02-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NISSEN, MARIAN","amount":500,"date":"2021-02-10","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"nissen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NISSEN"]}],"B001316":[{"id":"P6_B001316_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$337,426 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $337,426 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":337426.03,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P7_B001316_820fqg","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $682,339 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $682,339 opposing this member across 121 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":682338.76,"totalSupport":702199.79,"events":121,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CONSERVATIVE AMERICANS PAC","oppose":682338.76}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001316_jixlhp","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric Burlison campaign paid $4,556,380 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","explanation":"Eric Burlison's campaign paid 88 disbursements totaling $4,556,380 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","total":1066568.5,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":442124.5,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":370000,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"PHILLIPS, DEAN B.","amount":254444,"date":"2018-11-26","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","total":1040766.4699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":121159.09,"date":"2007-05-09","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":82312.4,"date":"2007-12-13","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":64500,"date":"2008-12-09","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","total":1012838.1000000001,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":60279.08,"date":"2010-12-31","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":56171.17,"date":"2011-12-12","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"UTRECHT & PHILLIPS, PLLC","amount":45681.21,"date":"2010-12-17","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RYAN PHILLIPS UTRECHT & MACKINNON","total":238624.24,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"RYAN PHILLIPS UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":45000,"date":"2005-12-16","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"RYAN PHILLIPS UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":43624.24,"date":"2003-06-30","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"RYAN PHILLIPS UTRECHT & MACKINNON","amount":30000,"date":"2004-06-25","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT, AND MACKINNON","total":216950.77999999997,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT, AND MACKINNON","amount":36527.27,"date":"2003-05-29","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT, AND MACKINNON","amount":36199.24,"date":"2003-06-20","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"RYAN, PHILLIPS, UTRECHT, AND MACKINNON","amount":36149.55,"date":"2003-09-30","description":"CONSULTING/LEGAL","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PHILLIPS, JEANNE L","total":174875,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PHILLIPS, JEANNE L","amount":174875,"date":"2004-10-26","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"phillips","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PHILLIPS"]},{"id":"P25_B001316_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of PAC dollars ($211,701) come from Party industry","explanation":"Eric Burlison receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":211701.12,"share":64.1,"totalPAC":330392.12,"pacCount":20},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":211701.12,"share":64.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":49215,"share":14.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":18976,"share":5.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Healthcare","amount":14000,"share":4.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001316_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MO R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BURLISON, Eric voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_B001316","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $50,715","explanation":"Eric Burlison received campaign contributions totaling $50,715 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($19,215); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS ($6,500); ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":50715,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":19215,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION","ldaClient":"MISSOURI FARM BUREAU FEDERATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","donorTotal":6500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ELEVANCE HEALTH PAC","ldaClient":"ELEVANCE HEALTH, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]}],"R000622":[{"id":"P6_R000622_tf1aze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,889,510 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Project 218","explanation":"Project 218 spent $2,889,510 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00871368","name":"Project 218","support":2889510,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00871368/"]},{"id":"P6_R000622_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,147,547 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from House Majority PAC","explanation":"House Majority PAC spent $1,147,547 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"House Majority PAC","support":1147547.4100000001,"oppose":0,"events":26}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_R000622_tfzsau","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,119,340 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Battleground New York","explanation":"Battleground New York spent $1,119,340 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00859355","name":"Battleground New York","support":1119339.88,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859355/"]},{"id":"P6_R000622_tedq06","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$600,924 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NY Common Ground","explanation":"NY Common Ground spent $600,924 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00887141","name":"NY Common Ground","support":600924,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00887141/"]},{"id":"P7_R000622_iwr9ik","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,984,793 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,984,793 opposing this member across 207 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4984792.929999999,"totalSupport":6233918.77,"events":207,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3589628.1199999996},{"name":"NATIONAL HORIZON","oppose":1000000},{"name":"The Governing Majority Fund","oppose":235164.81},{"name":"SAVE AMERICAN FREEDOM","oppose":125000},{"name":"Fund for a Working Congress","oppose":35000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_R000622_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17935 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $4,162,237 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 17935× NOT EMPLOYED = $4,162,237. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":17935,"total":4162237,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000622_o5hf2a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,706 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $88,706 across 92 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,404.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793760","date":"2025-06-30","amount":88706,"count":92,"baseline":10404,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793760/"]},{"id":"P15_R000622_o5fi3q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,408 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $76,408 across 73 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,471.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793760","date":"2025-03-31","amount":76408,"count":73,"baseline":11471,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793760/"]},{"id":"P15_R000622_57cfej","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,605 donation spike on 2023-04-11 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-04-11 this committee recorded $67,605 across 63 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,774.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793760","date":"2023-04-11","amount":67605,"count":63,"baseline":10774,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793760/"]},{"id":"P15_R000622_jvpflt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,304 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $59,304 across 73 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,317.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793760","date":"2022-06-30","amount":59304,"count":73,"baseline":8317,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793760/"]}],"D000230":[{"id":"P6_D000230_th5sze","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,280,606 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FAIRSHAKE","explanation":"FAIRSHAKE spent $2,280,606 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835959","name":"FAIRSHAKE","support":2280605.88,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835959/"]},{"id":"P6_D000230_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,641,596 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres (also direct donor)","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,641,596 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1641595.73,"oppose":0,"events":8},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P6_D000230_th8grf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$707,966 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","explanation":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC. spent $707,966 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00831404","name":"WITH HONOR FUND II, INC.","support":707966.48,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00831404/"]},{"id":"P7_D000230_xk4q61","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,482,185 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,482,185 opposing this member across 109 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1482185.4000000001,"totalSupport":5868670.509999999,"events":109,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1446276.66},{"name":"PATRIOTS FOR A BRIGHTER AMERICA","oppose":27700},{"name":"Congressional Leadership Fund","oppose":5000},{"name":"WOMEN SPEAK OUT PAC","oppose":1970}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_D000230_v0rn0c","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,523 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $51,523 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":51523.24999999999,"oppose":0,"net":51523.24999999999,"events":22,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":51523.24999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_D000230_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3053 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,993,344 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3053× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,993,344. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":3053,"total":1993344,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000230_ndno2a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,575 donation spike on 2024-03-08 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-08 this committee recorded $68,575 across 64 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,795.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00795211","date":"2024-03-08","amount":68575,"count":64,"baseline":8795,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00795211/"]},{"id":"P19_D000230_d01cfm","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald Davis campaign paid $46,485,600 to 133 surname-matched vendors, top: MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","explanation":"Donald Davis's campaign paid 412 disbursements totaling $46,485,600 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","total":5691357.13,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","amount":447462,"date":"2014-03-27","description":"MEDIA SERVICES","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","amount":311986.24,"date":"2018-11-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MAGGIE CLARK MEDIA SERVICES","amount":311472.2,"date":"2018-11-02","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"clark","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","total":3387843.13,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":651000,"date":"2010-08-17","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":370000,"date":"2015-11-24","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":258211.86,"date":"2016-08-02","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","total":3382792,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":300000,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"TV BUY - 10/26/04-11/2/04","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":257760,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"NETWORK TV BUY","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":200000,"date":"2010-10-13","description":"MEDIA BUYS - TV","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","total":2777326,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":275000,"date":"2016-07-28","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP, LLC","amount":207963,"date":"2024-03-14","description":"AD PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","total":2247895.92,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","amount":2247895.92,"date":"2007-03-31","description":"ALL O/S REATTRIBUTED AS CONTRIBUTION CAM","surnameMatched":"davis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MAGGIE%20CLARK%20MEDIA%20SERVICES"]},{"id":"P27_D000230_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00887505","name":"GENERATION 18","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00873406","name":"HOUSE VICTORY PROJECT 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00863639","name":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000230","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Donald Davis has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_D000230_Montana_Farmers_Union_National_118496","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Donald Davis sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"\". The witness Mr. John Wicks (Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"118496","title":"\"Financing Farm Operations: The Importance of Credit and Risk Management\"","date":"2025-07-16T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Wicks","witnessOrg":"Montana Farmers Union/National Farmers Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL ACTION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20POSTAL%20WORKERS%20UNION%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20POLITICAL%20ACTION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118496","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20POSTAL%20WORKERS%20UNION%20COMMITTEE%20ON%20POLITICAL%20ACTION"]},{"id":"P47_D000230_Texas_A_M_Veterinary_Medical_D_118471","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Donald Davis sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2025-07-15 held a hearing titled \"\"Safeguarding U.S. Agriculture: The Role of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN)\"\". The witness Dr. Terry Hensley (Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"118471","title":"\"Safeguarding U.S. Agriculture: The Role of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN)\"","date":"2025-07-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Dr. Terry Hensley","witnessOrg":"Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118471"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20VETERINARY%20MEDICAL%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118471","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20VETERINARY%20MEDICAL%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_D000230_American_Cotton_Producers_117549","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"American Cotton Producers testified before House Agriculture — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Donald Davis sits on House Agriculture, which on 2024-07-23 held a hearing titled \"“Financial Conditions in Farm Country”\". The witness Mr. David Dunlow (American Cotton Producers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture","eventId":"117549","title":"“Financial Conditions in Farm Country”","date":"2024-07-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Dunlow","witnessOrg":"American Cotton Producers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117549"},{"source":"donor","name":"NORTH CAROLINA COTTON PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE (NCCPAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NORTH%20CAROLINA%20COTTON%20PRODUCERS%20ASSOCIATION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCCPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117549","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NORTH%20CAROLINA%20COTTON%20PRODUCERS%20ASSOCIATION%20COMMITTEE%20(NCCPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_D000230_National_Turkey_Federation_115943","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Turkey Federation testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Donald Davis sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”\". The witness Mr. John Zimmerman (National Turkey Federation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry","eventId":"115943","title":"“A Review of Animal Agriculture Stakeholder Priorities”","date":"2023-05-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Zimmerman","witnessOrg":"National Turkey Federation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL TURKEY FEDERATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITEE/TURPAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TURKEY%20FEDERATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITEE%2FTURPAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115943","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TURKEY%20FEDERATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITEE%2FTURPAC"]},{"id":"P47_D000230_National_Cotton_Council_115802","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Cotton Council testified before House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Donald Davis sits on House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit, which on 2023-04-26 held a hearing titled \"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”\". The witness Mr. Shawn Holladay (National Cotton Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Agriculture Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Risk Management, and Credit","eventId":"115802","title":"“Producer Perspectives on the 2023 Farm Bill”","date":"2023-04-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Shawn Holladay","witnessOrg":"National Cotton Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"TN","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL%20OF%20AMERICA%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20THE%20ADVANCEMENT%20OF%20COTTON"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115802","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20COTTON%20COUNCIL%20OF%20AMERICA%20COMMITTEE%20FOR%20THE%20ADVANCEMENT%20OF%20COTTON"]},{"id":"P58_D000230","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$52K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Donald Davis received $51,523.25 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($51,523.25 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":51523.24999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2022":23114.999999999996,"2024":34300.87},"corpCount":4},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":51523.24999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_D000230","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"40 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $230,000","explanation":"Donald Davis received campaign contributions totaling $230,000 from 40 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 40 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":40,"totalDollars":230000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS PAC","ldaClient":"NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_D000230","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 17 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Donald Davis appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 17 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (5); ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":17,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":5},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000230","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_D000230","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald Davis's campaign paid $6,469,819 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: DAVIS, JOHN R. JR. ($2,247,896)","explanation":"Donald Davis's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $6,469,819 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DAVIS, JOHN R. JR. ($2,247,896 across 1 payments, services: ALL O/S REATTRIBUTED AS CONTRIBUTION CAM). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6469819.39,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DAVIS, JOHN R. JR.","total":2247895.92,"count":1,"descriptions":["ALL O/S REATTRIBUTED AS CONTRIBUTION CAM"]},{"payee":"DIXON/DAVIS MEDIA GROUP","total":1219269,"count":9,"descriptions":["MEDIA PRODUCTION","MEDIA CONSULTANT","MEDIA"]},{"payee":"DIXON DAVIS MEDIA GROUP","total":819945,"count":6,"descriptions":["MEDIA CONSULTING","MEDIA PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"THE DAVIS GROUP","total":513354.38,"count":1,"descriptions":["TV AIRTIME - COUNT ON & EVERY/DIFFERENCE"]},{"payee":"DAVIS, JOHN R JR R MR. JR.","total":300000,"count":1,"descriptions":["ERROR IN DEPOSIT SHOULD BE DAY BEFORE"]}],"surname":"davis"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NC02287&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_D000230","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald Davis draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $22.3M total)","explanation":"Donald Davis's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $22.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.1,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.34,"pacSharePct":31.8,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2NC02287"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC02287/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000602":[{"id":"P6_L000602_ufcawr","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,963,132 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Justice Democrats PAC","explanation":"Justice Democrats PAC spent $1,963,132 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 23 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00630665","name":"Justice Democrats PAC","support":1963131.56,"oppose":0,"events":23}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00630665/"]},{"id":"P6_L000602_ugvsjo","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,324,233 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICA","explanation":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE spent $1,324,233 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00606962","name":"WORKING FAMILIES PARTY NATIONAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","support":1324233.28,"oppose":0,"events":26}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00606962/"]},{"id":"P6_L000602_uxfp7o","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$259,353 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC","explanation":"Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC spent $259,353 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00513176","name":"Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC","support":259353.11,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00513176/"]},{"id":"P9_L000602_anm2fz","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$26,035 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $26,035 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFSCME COUNCIL 13.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":26035.02,"oppose":0,"net":26035.02,"events":15,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":23492.38,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1997.55,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":545.0899999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005988","name":"BEND THE ARC JEWISH ACTION INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]}],"L000599":[{"id":"P6_L000599_vajg58","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,384,692 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Association of Realtors Congres","explanation":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund spent $1,384,692 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00488742","name":"National Association of Realtors Congressional Fund","support":1384692.1,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00488742/"]},{"id":"P7_L000599_x4a8zi","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $12,360,550 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $12,360,550 opposing this member across 77 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":12360550.27,"totalSupport":1547212.35,"events":77,"topAttackers":[{"name":"HMP","oppose":4939720.660000001},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":3633657.5},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2040226.23},{"name":"Giffords PAC","oppose":829995.69},{"name":"Our Hudson PAC","oppose":528485}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_L000599_u00goj","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$24,859 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $24,859 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":24859.300000000003,"oppose":0,"net":24859.300000000003,"events":7,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":24859.300000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000599_3ip08c","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,003,999 / spent $945,482","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00817338","cmteName":"MVL PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":145822,"totalDisbursements":89069.4,"cashOnHand":56752.58},{"cmteId":"C00817338","cmteName":"MVL PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":437998,"totalDisbursements":431912.2,"cashOnHand":62838.33},{"cmteId":"C00817338","cmteName":"MVL PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":420178.7,"totalDisbursements":424500.7,"cashOnHand":58516.27}],"totalRaised":1003998.7,"totalSpent":945482.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000599_yzufyz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $6,269,701 in itemized individual contributions, $3,797,218 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6269701,"buckets":{"$200 and under":82168,"$200.01-$499":347122,"$500-$999":666763,"$1000-$1999":1376430,"$2000 and over":3797218},"megaShare":60.6,"smallDonorShare":1.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000599_4p9ftp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,160 donation spike on 2024-06-25 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-25 this committee recorded $84,160 across 82 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,513.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815415","date":"2024-06-25","amount":84160,"count":82,"baseline":13513,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815415/"]},{"id":"P15_L000599_y22091","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,050 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $84,050 across 79 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,456.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815415","date":"2022-06-30","amount":84050,"count":79,"baseline":10456,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815415/"]},{"id":"P15_L000599_9z4uck","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,282 donation spike on 2025-06-03 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-03 this committee recorded $66,282 across 54 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,335.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815415","date":"2025-06-03","amount":66282,"count":54,"baseline":5335,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815415/"]},{"id":"P15_L000599_4pbcu0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,694 donation spike on 2024-03-05 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-05 this committee recorded $58,694 across 31 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,534.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815415","date":"2024-03-05","amount":58694,"count":31,"baseline":6534,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815415/"]},{"id":"P15_L000599_9z4uf2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,190 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $58,190 across 37 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,772.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815415","date":"2025-06-30","amount":58190,"count":37,"baseline":6772,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815415/"]},{"id":"P15_L000599_9z6rdn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,688 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $54,688 across 48 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,121.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815415","date":"2025-09-30","amount":54688,"count":48,"baseline":6121,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815415/"]},{"id":"P15_L000599_4p9fvf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,761 donation spike on 2024-06-05 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-05 this committee recorded $50,761 across 41 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,338.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00815415","date":"2024-06-05","amount":50761,"count":41,"baseline":8338,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815415/"]},{"id":"P19_L000599_dfeeai","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Lawler campaign paid $1,213,621 to 32 surname-matched vendors, top: SCHWARTZ, MELISSA MS","explanation":"Michael Lawler's campaign paid 85 disbursements totaling $1,213,621 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHWARTZ, MELISSA MS","total":197724,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, MELISSA MS","amount":28000,"date":"2010-04-29","description":"EVENT PLANNING FEE","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, MELISSA MS","amount":28000,"date":"2009-07-20","description":"EVENT PLANNING FEE","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, MELISSA MS","amount":14000,"date":"2009-12-18","description":"EVENT PLANNING FEE","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALLYSON SCHWARTZ FOR GOVERNOR","total":130000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ALLYSON SCHWARTZ FOR GOVERNOR","amount":50000,"date":"2013-08-22","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ALLYSON SCHWARTZ FOR GOVERNOR","amount":40000,"date":"2013-10-30","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ALLYSON SCHWARTZ FOR GOVERNOR","amount":40000,"date":"2013-12-19","description":"CANDIDATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHWARTZ, MELISSA","total":88156.75,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, MELISSA","amount":15000,"date":"2008-09-22","description":"CONS./PROF.SERV. FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, MELISSA","amount":10000,"date":"2008-11-06","description":"CONS./PROF.SERV. FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, MELISSA","amount":10000,"date":"2008-04-07","description":"CONS./PROF.SERV. FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HONIGMAN, MILLER, SCHWARTZ, & COHN LLP","total":87052.4,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HONIGMAN, MILLER, SCHWARTZ, & COHN LLP","amount":87052.4,"date":"2016-12-14","description":"LEGAL SERVICES-RECOUNT","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHWARTZ, JORDAN","total":80596.12999999999,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, JORDAN","amount":25863.21,"date":"2016-11-25","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, JORDAN","amount":7000,"date":"2015-01-08","description":"CONSULTING - STRATEGIC","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, JORDAN","amount":7000,"date":"2014-12-05","description":"CONSULTING - STRATEGIC","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCHWARTZ, DAN","total":78821.85,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, DAN","amount":41921.27,"date":"2024-04-23","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT: SEE ITEMIZATION BELOW","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SCHWARTZ, DAN","amount":36900.58,"date":"2024-08-01","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"schwartz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCHWARTZ"]},{"id":"P25_L000599_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"87% of PAC dollars ($3,814,149) come from Party industry","explanation":"Michael Lawler receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":3814149.3700000015,"share":86.9,"totalPAC":4390871.700000002,"pacCount":6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":3814149.3700000015,"share":86.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":467965.73,"share":10.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":68572.95,"share":1.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Candidate","amount":40183.65,"share":0.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_L000599","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Michael Lawler has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_L000599","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $66,282 on 2025-06-03 (12.4× normal)","explanation":"Michael Lawler's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $66,282 on 2025-06-03 — 12.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":66282,"maxRatio":12.4,"maxAmount":66282},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-03","amount":66282,"ratio":12.4,"baselineDaily":5335,"count":54,"cmteId":"C00815415","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00815415&min_date=2025-06-03&max_date=2025-06-03"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815415/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00815415&min_date=2025-06-03&max_date=2025-06-03"]},{"id":"P78_L000599","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 16 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Michael Lawler appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 16 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (7); ie support concentration (1); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":16,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000599","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P109_L000599","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Lawler named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.8M total receipts) — top: LAWLER VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Michael Lawler appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: LAWLER VICTORY FUND (C00817379, $3.8M receipts, treasurer SCHWARTZ, LAURA). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.8,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00817379","name":"LAWLER VICTORY FUND","receipts":3798610.52,"treasurer":"SCHWARTZ, LAURA","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817379/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817379/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00817379/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"B001317":[{"id":"P6_B001317_tuxf5r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,913,809 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SCHOOL FREEDOM FUND","explanation":"SCHOOL FREEDOM FUND spent $1,913,809 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 50 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00794396","name":"SCHOOL FREEDOM FUND","support":1913808.88,"oppose":0,"events":50}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00794396/"]},{"id":"P7_B001317_6si78i","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,167,866 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,167,866 opposing this member across 96 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2167865.97,"totalSupport":1968807.52,"events":96,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Fund for a Working Congress","oppose":2167865.97}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001317_izkf1i","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -12%)","explanation":"Of $748,964 in itemized individual contributions, $492,000 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":748964,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-87208,"$200.01-$499":48000,"$500-$999":93229,"$1000-$1999":202943,"$2000 and over":492000},"megaShare":65.7,"smallDonorShare":-11.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001317_qdqvw3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Josh Brecheen campaign paid $131,883 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: BOLES, FOREST","explanation":"Josh Brecheen's campaign paid 43 disbursements totaling $131,883 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOLES, FOREST","total":27227.940000000002,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"BOLES, FOREST","amount":3641.46,"date":"2012-01-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BOLES, FOREST","amount":3600,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BOLES, FOREST","amount":3600,"date":"2012-08-02","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOLES, MARK  DR.","total":15000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BOLES, MARK  DR.","amount":15000,"date":"2004-12-05","description":"","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOLES, HAROLD","total":9443.06,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BOLES, HAROLD","amount":9443.06,"date":"2024-11-10","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOLES, SARAH","total":9025,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BOLES, SARAH","amount":2700,"date":"2018-06-08","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BOLES, SARAH","amount":2125,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"REFUND OF OVER-LIMIT PORTION OF CONTRIBUTION RECEIVED 3/10/2025","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BOLES, SARAH","amount":2100,"date":"2021-02-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MORE CITIZENS FOR BOLES","total":9000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MORE CITIZENS FOR BOLES","amount":3000,"date":"2020-01-24","description":"JAMES BOLES, STATE HOUSE 52ND NC","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MORE CITIZENS FOR BOLES","amount":2000,"date":"2016-08-19","description":"JAMES BOLES, STATE HOUSE 52ND NC","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MORE CITIZENS FOR BOLES","amount":2000,"date":"2018-03-16","description":"JAMES BOLES, STATE HOUSE 52ND NC","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACK BOLES SERVICES","total":8640.83,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"JACK BOLES SERVICES","amount":6579.83,"date":"2004-09-23","description":"PARKING","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JACK BOLES SERVICES","amount":2061,"date":"2006-04-05","description":"EVENT EXPENSE-PARKING","surnameMatched":"boles","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BOLES"]},{"id":"P25_B001317_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"53% of PAC dollars ($70,871) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Josh Brecheen receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":70871,"share":52.5,"totalPAC":134871,"pacCount":25},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":70871,"share":52.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":24000,"share":17.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":11000,"share":8.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"RealEstate","amount":6000,"share":4.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001317_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OK R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRECHEEN, Josh voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_B001317_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $1,968,808 supporting member — 1.7× their own $1,150,395 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.7×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":1968807.52,"events":96},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":1150395},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.71},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Fund for a Working Congress","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"SCHOOL FREEDOM FUND","support":1913808.88},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":47308.49}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001317","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 7 total findings","explanation":"Josh Brecheen has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":7,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_B001317","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $20,000","explanation":"Josh Brecheen received campaign contributions totaling $20,000 from 3 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC. ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":3,"totalDollars":20000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC (AIPAC PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BUILD PAC - NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P195_B001317","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Josh Brecheen — DW-NOMINATE 0.84 vs OK delegation mean 0.34 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Josh Brecheen's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.84) is 1.5 standard deviations from the OK delegation mean (0.34). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OK","memberScore":0.844,"delegationMean":0.34128000000000003,"zscore":"1.54"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"I000058":[{"id":"P6_I000058_tuuali","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,734,184 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","explanation":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP) spent $1,734,184 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00799031","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":1734184.42,"oppose":0,"events":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00799031/"]},{"id":"P6_I000058_tze89j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$428,185 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DMFI PAC","explanation":"DMFI PAC spent $428,185 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00710848","name":"DMFI PAC","support":428185,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710848/"]},{"id":"P15_I000058_bmtw60","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,655 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $53,655 across 98 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,022.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00505065","date":"2015-06-30","amount":53655,"count":98,"baseline":6022,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00505065/"]},{"id":"P15_I000058_141lz0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$111,595 donation spike on 2022-06-27 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-27 this committee recorded $111,595 across 119 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,536.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00792283","date":"2022-06-27","amount":111595,"count":119,"baseline":13536,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792283/"]},{"id":"P15_I000058_143iww","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,485 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $82,485 across 117 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,235.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00792283","date":"2022-03-31","amount":82485,"count":117,"baseline":8235,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792283/"]},{"id":"P15_I000058_141m0o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,600 donation spike on 2022-06-09 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-09 this committee recorded $53,600 across 58 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,799.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00792283","date":"2022-06-09","amount":53600,"count":58,"baseline":5799,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792283/"]},{"id":"P15_I000058_143ixk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,875 donation spike on 2022-03-28 — 17.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-28 this committee recorded $52,875 across 48 contributions — 17.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $2,963.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00792283","date":"2022-03-28","amount":52875,"count":48,"baseline":2963,"ratio":17.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792283/"]},{"id":"P31_I000058_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $2,341,429 supporting member — 1.3× their own $1,792,469 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 1.3×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":2341428.67,"events":29},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":1792469},{"source":"ratio","ratio":1.31},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"UNITED DEMOCRACY PROJECT (UDP)","support":1734184.42},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"DMFI PAC","support":428185},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"J Street Action Fund","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P62_I000058","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $82,485 on 2022-03-31 (10.0× normal)","explanation":"Glenn Ivey's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $82,485 on 2022-03-31 — 10.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":135360,"maxRatio":17.8,"maxAmount":82485},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-31","amount":82485,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":8235,"count":117,"cmteId":"C00792283","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00792283&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-03-28","amount":52875,"ratio":17.8,"baselineDaily":2963,"count":48,"cmteId":"C00792283","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00792283&min_date=2022-03-28&max_date=2022-03-28"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792283/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00792283&min_date=2022-03-31&max_date=2022-03-31"]}],"K000401":[{"id":"P6_K000401_uupa7x","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$272,200 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Morning in America PAC","explanation":"Morning in America PAC spent $272,200 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00562595","name":"Morning in America PAC","support":272200,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00562595/"]},{"id":"P9_K000401_j7n6np","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$23,654 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $23,654 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":23653.94,"oppose":0,"net":23653.94,"events":7,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":22340.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1313.85,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_K000401_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9919 employees of RETIRED gave $2,022,606 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9919× RETIRED = $2,022,606. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":9919,"total":2022606,"years":["2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000401_yv2yjo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,856 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $64,856 across 231 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,777.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00801985","date":"2022-06-30","amount":64856,"count":231,"baseline":4777,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801985/"]},{"id":"P15_K000401_k682nx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,109 donation spike on 2023-11-30 — 13.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-11-30 this committee recorded $64,109 across 260 contributions — 13.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,775.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00801985","date":"2023-11-30","amount":64109,"count":260,"baseline":4775,"ratio":13.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801985/"]},{"id":"P15_K000401_5icy2c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,849 donation spike on 2024-02-29 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-02-29 this committee recorded $56,849 across 207 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,651.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00801985","date":"2024-02-29","amount":56849,"count":207,"baseline":4651,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801985/"]},{"id":"P15_K000401_5i8h51","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,359 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $56,359 across 340 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,567.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00801985","date":"2024-09-30","amount":56359,"count":340,"baseline":6567,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801985/"]},{"id":"P15_K000401_5i9r42","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,659 donation spike on 2024-07-31 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-07-31 this committee recorded $51,659 across 298 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,325.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00801985","date":"2024-07-31","amount":51659,"count":298,"baseline":4325,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801985/"]},{"id":"P19_K000401_gzlykl","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Kiley campaign paid $7,679,201 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: KILEY & COMPANY","explanation":"Kevin Kiley's campaign paid 174 disbursements totaling $7,679,201 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILEY & COMPANY","total":3151145.11,"count":72,"samples":[{"payee":"KILEY & COMPANY","amount":243859.34,"date":"2004-09-21","description":"ON-LINE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kiley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILEY & COMPANY","amount":121500,"date":"2012-11-05","description":"POLLING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kiley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"KILEY & COMPANY","amount":98600,"date":"2004-06-17","description":"RESEARCH SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kiley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BOB BAUER PLLC","total":1050000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"BOB BAUER PLLC","amount":150000,"date":"2023-09-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BOB BAUER PLLC","amount":150000,"date":"2023-07-28","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BOB BAUER PLLC","amount":150000,"date":"2023-08-31","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAUER, BRIAN","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BAUER, BRIAN","amount":1000000,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILEY, DAN","total":938282.39,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KILEY, DAN","amount":900000,"date":"2018-05-16","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kiley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KILEY, DAN","amount":38282.39,"date":"2019-11-14","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kiley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAUER, GARY","total":647200,"count":61,"samples":[{"payee":"BAUER, GARY","amount":28800,"date":"2007-01-07","description":"CONSULTING - POLITCAL FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BAUER, GARY","amount":13750,"date":"2013-10-29","description":"PAC CONSULTING POLITICAL AND ADMIN","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BAUER, GARY","amount":13750,"date":"2013-09-30","description":"CONSULTING POLITICAL AND ADMIN","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAUER, RUDOLPH ANDREAS","total":302935.63,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BAUER, RUDOLPH ANDREAS","amount":150000,"date":"2012-01-06","description":"","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BAUER, RUDOLPH ANDREAS","amount":102750,"date":"2012-07-24","description":"","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BAUER, RUDOLPH ANDREAS","amount":50185.63,"date":"2013-12-10","description":"","surnameMatched":"bauer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KILEY%20%26%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P25_K000401_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of PAC dollars ($570,460) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Kevin Kiley receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":570459.9799999999,"share":72,"totalPAC":792584.3099999998,"pacCount":41},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":570459.9799999999,"share":72},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":83151.43,"share":10.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":51335,"share":6.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":28300,"share":3.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_K000401","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Kevin Kiley has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":2,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_K000401","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $64,000","explanation":"Kevin Kiley received campaign contributions totaling $64,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OREGON-COLUMBIA CHA ($9,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($5,000); COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL ($5,000); TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOC ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":64000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS (AGC) PAC","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OREGON-COLUMBIA CHAPTER","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORP. & NBCUNIVERSAL PAC","ldaClient":"COMCAST NBCUNIVERSAL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOC. PAC","ldaClient":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_K000401","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $64,856 on 2022-06-30 (13.6× normal)","explanation":"Kevin Kiley's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $64,856 on 2022-06-30 — 13.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":237473,"maxRatio":13.6,"maxAmount":64856},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-06-30","amount":64856,"ratio":13.6,"baselineDaily":4777,"count":231,"cmteId":"C00801985","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00801985&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-11-30","amount":64109,"ratio":13.4,"baselineDaily":4775,"count":260,"cmteId":"C00801985","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00801985&min_date=2023-11-30&max_date=2023-11-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-02-29","amount":56849,"ratio":12.2,"baselineDaily":4651,"count":207,"cmteId":"C00801985","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00801985&min_date=2024-02-29&max_date=2024-02-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-07-31","amount":51659,"ratio":11.9,"baselineDaily":4325,"count":298,"cmteId":"C00801985","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00801985&min_date=2024-07-31&max_date=2024-07-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801985/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00801985&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"]},{"id":"P90_K000401","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Kiley's campaign paid $4,260,728 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: KILEY & COMPANY ($3,151,145)","explanation":"Kevin Kiley's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 79 payments totaling $4,260,728 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KILEY & COMPANY ($3,151,145 across 72 payments, services: ON-LINE SERVICES · POLLING SERVICES · RESEARCH SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":4260727.5,"paymentCount":79,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KILEY & COMPANY","total":3151145.11,"count":72,"descriptions":["ON-LINE SERVICES","POLLING SERVICES","RESEARCH SERVICES"]},{"payee":"KILEY, DAN","total":938282.39,"count":2,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"KILEY AND COMPANY","total":139300,"count":4,"descriptions":["RESEARCH CONSULTING","POLLSTER CONSULTING","RESEARCH SERVICES"]},{"payee":"KILEY & COMPANY OPINION RESEARCH","total":32000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING & POLLING RESEACH"]}],"surname":"kiley"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CA03157&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"V000130":[{"id":"P6_V000130_vakpdi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$598,828 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from LCV Victory Fund","explanation":"LCV Victory Fund spent $598,828 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 26 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00486845","name":"LCV Victory Fund","support":598828.23,"oppose":0,"events":26}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486845/"]},{"id":"P6_V000130_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$479,539 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HMP","explanation":"HMP spent $479,539 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"HMP","support":479538.8799999999,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P7_V000130_b7vvhn","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,481,966 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,481,966 opposing this member across 140 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5481965.9799999995,"totalSupport":1472126.09,"events":140,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":3774005.27},{"name":"BIG RED LEADERSHIP PAC","oppose":1668478},{"name":"RED STATE NEBRASKA","oppose":25000},{"name":"PROTECT AND SERVE PAC","oppose":14482.71}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_V000130_i8if09","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$31,573 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $31,573 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES LABOR COUNCIL.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":31572.64,"oppose":0,"net":31572.64,"events":24,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70005517","name":"SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES LABOR COUNCIL","support":21018.68,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":9110.279999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001722","name":"CALIFORNIA LABOR FEDERATION, AFL-CIO","support":448.53000000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":256.04,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":250.67,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_V000130_zdd1qu","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Juan Vargas campaign paid $623,355 to 35 surname-matched vendors, top: COPELAND, AMI","explanation":"Juan Vargas's campaign paid 62 disbursements totaling $623,355 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COPELAND, AMI","total":98216.03,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"COPELAND, AMI","amount":15000,"date":"2026-03-30","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: SALARY","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"COPELAND, AMI","amount":15000,"date":"2026-03-02","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: SALARY","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"COPELAND, AMI","amount":15000,"date":"2026-01-29","description":"NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT: SALARY","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COPELAND LOWERY JACQUEZ DENTON & SHOCKEY","total":88754.98000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COPELAND LOWERY JACQUEZ DENTON & SHOCKEY","amount":51180.66,"date":"2003-10-08","description":"CONSULTANT-FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"COPELAND LOWERY JACQUEZ DENTON & SHOCKEY","amount":12546.32,"date":"2003-12-08","description":"CONSULTANT-FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"COPELAND LOWERY JACQUEZ DENTON & SHOCKEY","amount":12528,"date":"2003-11-13","description":"CONSULTANT-FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COPELAND, TERRENCE","total":60000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"COPELAND, TERRENCE","amount":42500,"date":"2021-02-02","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COPELAND, TERRENCE","amount":8750,"date":"2020-12-03","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COPELAND, TERRENCE","amount":8750,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VARGAS, JONES","total":31179.309999999998,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"VARGAS, JONES","amount":16179.31,"date":"2011-02-25","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"vargas","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"VARGAS, JONES","amount":15000,"date":"2011-02-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"vargas","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COPELAND, KRYSTEN","total":28666.66,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COPELAND, KRYSTEN","amount":8166.66,"date":"2019-11-01","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COPELAND, KRYSTEN","amount":7000,"date":"2019-09-05","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COPELAND, KRYSTEN","amount":7000,"date":"2019-10-01","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"copeland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VARGAS, ANDY","total":26824.379999999997,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"VARGAS, ANDY","amount":10665.33,"date":"2024-11-07","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"vargas","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VARGAS, ANDY","amount":8361.8,"date":"2024-09-03","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"vargas","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VARGAS, ANDY","amount":7797.25,"date":"2024-10-09","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"vargas","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=COPELAND"]},{"id":"P29_V000130_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"VARGAS, Juan voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":25,"peerNay":17,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":42,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":42,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":42,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P90_V000130","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Juan Vargas's campaign paid $108,611 to 8 surname-matched vendors — top: VARGAS, JONES ($31,179)","explanation":"Juan Vargas's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $108,611 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: VARGAS, JONES ($31,179 across 2 payments, services: LEGAL SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":108610.9,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":8,"topPayees":[{"payee":"VARGAS, JONES","total":31179.309999999998,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"VARGAS, ANDY","total":26824.379999999997,"count":3,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"JONES VARGAS","total":9392.48,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING FEES"]},{"payee":"VARGAS, MELISSA","total":8975.06,"count":1,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COMPENSATION 10/16-10/31/24"]},{"payee":"VARGAS, ANNA LISA","total":8975.06,"count":1,"descriptions":["ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF COMPENSATION 10/16-10/31/24"]}],"surname":"vargas"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CA50026&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_V000130","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Juan Vargas draws 60% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.9M PAC / $16.5M total)","explanation":"Juan Vargas's FEC-bulk record shows 60% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.9M of $16.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.51,"pacSharePct":59.7,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H2CA50026"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA50026/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001239":[{"id":"P6_M001239_udjr5j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,679,793 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from American Patriots PAC","explanation":"American Patriots PAC spent $1,679,793 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 32 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00668905","name":"American Patriots PAC","support":1679793.1300000004,"oppose":0,"events":32}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668905/"]},{"id":"P7_M001239_du4vr6","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,430,088 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,430,088 opposing this member across 107 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3430087.6199999996,"totalSupport":2072626.1300000001,"events":107,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CONSERVATIVE OUTSIDER PAC INC","oppose":2645179.24},{"name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","oppose":642904},{"name":"COURAGEOUS CONSERVATIVES PAC","oppose":70678.20999999999},{"name":"CHAMPIONS OF FREEDOM PAC","oppose":49904.64},{"name":"Gun Rights America","oppose":12246.92}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001239_mixdxh","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $134,636 / spent $129,218","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00856849","cmteName":"SEAL TEAM PT PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":93779.1,"totalDisbursements":91890,"cashOnHand":1889.08},{"cmteId":"C00856849","cmteName":"SEAL TEAM PT PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":40857.3,"totalDisbursements":37327.8,"cashOnHand":5418.6}],"totalRaised":134636.40000000002,"totalSpent":129217.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001239_naxn6c","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"85% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $2,327,165 in itemized individual contributions, $1,967,944 (85%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2327165,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-227156,"$200.01-$499":86388,"$500-$999":145159,"$1000-$1999":354830,"$2000 and over":1967944},"megaShare":84.6,"smallDonorShare":-9.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001239_4ta1g2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$121,600 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $121,600 across 51 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,804.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00727594","date":"2020-09-30","amount":121600,"count":51,"baseline":9804,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00727594/"]},{"id":"P15_M001239_tijc52","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,300 donation spike on 2022-05-20 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-20 this committee recorded $59,300 across 21 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,866.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793505","date":"2022-05-20","amount":59300,"count":21,"baseline":7866,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793505/"]},{"id":"P15_M001239_quob7c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,800 donation spike on 2021-12-09 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-09 this committee recorded $57,800 across 36 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,978.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793505","date":"2021-12-09","amount":57800,"count":36,"baseline":6978,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793505/"]},{"id":"P15_M001239_mozfj1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$226,117 donation spike on 2024-05-23 — 19.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-23 this committee recorded $226,117 across 138 contributions — 19.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,428.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00856831","date":"2024-05-23","amount":226117,"count":138,"baseline":11428,"ratio":19.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856831/"]},{"id":"P15_M001239_mozfiw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$191,044 donation spike on 2024-05-28 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-28 this committee recorded $191,044 across 119 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,827.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00856831","date":"2024-05-28","amount":191044,"count":119,"baseline":17827,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856831/"]},{"id":"P18_M001239_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John J. McGuire executed 7 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-01-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-01-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-01-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2025-06-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Commercial Fishing Operations; Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan; Change to Gil","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-01-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Commercial Fishing Operations; Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan; Change to Gil","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001239_6po7id","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John J. McGuire campaign paid $8,657,842 to 73 surname-matched vendors, top: MCGUIRE WOODS LLP","explanation":"John J. McGuire's campaign paid 347 disbursements totaling $8,657,842 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCGUIRE WOODS LLP","total":7809413.2299999995,"count":61,"samples":[{"payee":"MCGUIRE WOODS LLP","amount":379641.63,"date":"2023-08-16","description":"DEBT REPAYMENT: LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCGUIRE WOODS LLP","amount":377377.3,"date":"2023-11-03","description":"DEBT REPAYMENT: LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCGUIRE WOODS LLP","amount":329445.89,"date":"2018-12-03","description":"LEGAL PROCEEDINGS-ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SELPH, WILL","total":187256.35,"count":68,"samples":[{"payee":"SELPH, WILL","amount":15000,"date":"2015-10-15","description":"DEBT REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SELPH, WILL","amount":12064.07,"date":"2016-12-26","description":"REIMBURSE:SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SELPH, WILL","amount":10492.81,"date":"2015-06-02","description":"REIMBURSE;SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"selph","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PROGRESS FOR CA, SENATOR MIKE MCGUIRE BALLOT MEASURE COMMITTEE","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PROGRESS FOR CA, SENATOR MIKE MCGUIRE BALLOT MEASURE COMMITTEE","amount":50000,"date":"2025-06-24","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCGUIRE, KATHERINE","total":45000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MCGUIRE, KATHERINE","amount":15000,"date":"2017-08-04","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MCGUIRE, KATHERINE","amount":15000,"date":"2016-01-04","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MCGUIRE, KATHERINE","amount":15000,"date":"2014-10-29","description":"CAMPAIGN STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCGUIRE, MICHAEL","total":42432.04,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MCGUIRE, MICHAEL","amount":24547.04,"date":"2021-12-31","description":"IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION/MILEAGE","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MCGUIRE, MICHAEL","amount":17885,"date":"2022-08-03","description":"IN-KIND:MILEAGE EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"mcguire","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MCGUIRE%20WOODS%20LLP"]},{"id":"P22_M001239_Technology","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within 21 days AFTER voting on Technology bills","explanation":"Member John J. McGuire cast Technology-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-01-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":10,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2026-01-30","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":10,"sector":"Technology"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2026-01-21","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":1,"sector":"Technology"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_M001239_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Outside groups spent $2,072,626 supporting member — 7.9× their own $262,011 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 7.9×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":2072626.1300000001,"events":107},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":262011},{"source":"ratio","ratio":7.91},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"CONSERVATIVE OUTSIDER PAC INC","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"American Patriots PAC","support":1679793.1300000004},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":175455}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P35_M001239_udnq7y","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION both supported ($175,455) and opposed ($642,904) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-John J. McGuire advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00662221","name":"HOUSE FREEDOM ACTION","support":175455,"oppose":642904,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662221/"]},{"id":"P35_M001239_ti9ijx","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"LIMITGOV PAC both supported ($1,503) and opposed ($9,175) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-John J. McGuire advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00815381","name":"LIMITGOV PAC","support":1503,"oppose":9174.61,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00815381/"]},{"id":"P36_M001239","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"John J. McGuire has findings in 10 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":10,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_M001239_WMT_20260201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in WMT 12 days before FTC action","explanation":"John J. McGuire sold WMT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2026-02-01","title":"Walmart Agrees to $100 Million Judgment to Settle FTC, States’ Charges Over Deceptive Earnings Claims Related to the Company’s Spark Driver Delivery Service","penalty":100000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/walmart-agrees-100-million-judgment-settle-ftc-states-charges-over-deceptive-earnings-claims-related"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/walmart-agrees-100-million-judgment-settle-ftc-states-charges-over-deceptive-earnings-claims-related"]},{"id":"P42_M001239_WMT_20260120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $WMT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John J. McGuire sell $WMT 5 days after a corporate insider (Brand Rachel L  (CIK 0001736097)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Brand Rachel L  (CIK 0001736097)","filingDate":"2026-01-15","adsh":"0000104169-26-000019","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001239_MSFT_20260130","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MSFT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John J. McGuire sell $MSFT 4 days before a corporate insider (PETERSON SANDRA E  (CIK 0001192752)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"PETERSON SANDRA E  (CIK 0001192752)","filingDate":"2026-02-03","adsh":"0000789019-26-000016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001239_META_20250630","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $META 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John J. McGuire buy $META 10 days before a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2025-07-10","adsh":"0000950103-25-008693"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P48_M001239_118936","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 6 days before a Technology hearing in House Oversight and Government Reform","explanation":"John J. McGuire sits on House Oversight and Government Reform, which on 2026-02-04 held a hearing titled \"the Full Committee to consider the following:\r\n\r\n1) H.R. 7274, Federal Acquisition Security Council Improvement Act of 2026;\r\n\r\n2) H.R. 2985…\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 6 days before the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform","eventId":"118936","title":"the Full Committee to consider the following:\r\n\r\n1) H.R. 7274, Federal Acquisition Security Council Improvement Act of 2026;\r\n\r\n2) H.R. 2985, Modernizing Government Technology Reform Act;\r\n\r\n3) H.R. 4123, Federal Improvement in Technology Procurement Act;\r\n\r\n4) H.R. 7283, Ensuring Federal Purchasing Efficiency Act;\r\n \r\n5) H.R. 1118, Value Over Cost Act of 2025;\r\n  \r\n6) H.R. 5438, Incentivize Savings Act;\r\n \r\n7) H.R. 5000, Cybersecurity Hiring Modernization Act;\r\n \r\n8) H.R. 7256, Federal Workforce Early Separation Incentives Act; \r\n\r\n9) H.R. 7265, Vote By Mail Tracking Act; \r\n\r\n10) Several postal naming measures.","date":"2026-02-04T15:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118936"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118936","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001239_118339","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NFLX 10 days after a Technology hearing in House Oversight and Government Reform","explanation":"John J. McGuire sits on House Oversight and Government Reform, which on 2025-06-05 held a hearing titled \"“The Federal Government in the Age of Artificial Intelligence”\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $NFLX (a Technology-sector stock) 10 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform","eventId":"118339","title":"“The Federal Government in the Age of Artificial Intelligence”","date":"2025-06-05T14:00:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118339"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118339","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001239_118200","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NOW 9 days after a Technology hearing in House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","explanation":"John J. McGuire sits on House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation, which on 2025-05-06 held a hearing titled \"Science, Technology, and Innovation Posture\" — classified as Technology sector. The member buy $NOW (a Technology-sector stock) 9 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Armed Services Subcommittee on Cyber, Information Technologies, and Innovation","eventId":"118200","title":"Science, Technology, and Innovation Posture","date":"2025-05-06T19:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118200"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-05-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118200","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P48_M001239_337928","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 1 day after a Technology hearing in Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","explanation":"John J. McGuire sits on Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, which on 2026-01-28 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine the Department's cyber force generation plan and the associated implementation plan.\" — classified as Technology sector. The member sell $MSFT (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Cybersecurity","eventId":"337928","title":"Hearings to examine the Department's cyber force generation plan and the associated implementation plan.","date":"2026-01-28T19:30:00Z","sector":"Technology","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337928"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-30"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-01-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/senate/337928","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P62_M001239","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $226,117 on 2024-05-23 (19.8× normal)","explanation":"John J. McGuire's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $226,117 on 2024-05-23 — 19.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":538761,"maxRatio":19.8,"maxAmount":226117},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-05-23","amount":226117,"ratio":19.8,"baselineDaily":11428,"count":138,"cmteId":"C00856831","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00856831&min_date=2024-05-23&max_date=2024-05-23"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-05-28","amount":191044,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":17827,"count":119,"cmteId":"C00856831","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00856831&min_date=2024-05-28&max_date=2024-05-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-09-30","amount":121600,"ratio":12.4,"baselineDaily":9804,"count":51,"cmteId":"C00727594","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00727594&min_date=2020-09-30&max_date=2020-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00856831/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00856831&min_date=2024-05-23&max_date=2024-05-23"]},{"id":"P78_M001239","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 25 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John J. McGuire appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 25 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); hearing proximity trade (4); both sides ie (2); insider front ran trade (2); ie support concentration (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":25,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001239","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001239","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John J. McGuire's campaign paid $62,400 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: MCGUIRE, KATHERINE ($45,000)","explanation":"John J. McGuire's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $62,400 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MCGUIRE, KATHERINE ($45,000 across 3 payments, services: STRATEGY CONSULTING · FIELD CONSULTING · CAMPAIGN STRATEGY CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2014, 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":62400,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MCGUIRE, KATHERINE","total":45000,"count":3,"descriptions":["STRATEGY CONSULTING","FIELD CONSULTING","CAMPAIGN STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MCGUIRE ASSOCIATES","total":17400,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION SPECIAL PROGRAMMING"]}],"surname":"mcguire"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2VA07196&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P141_M001239","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. McGuire executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL MSFT (9d apart)","explanation":"John J. McGuire has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL MSFT 2026-01-21 → 2026-01-30 (9d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"MSFT","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2026-01-21","date2":"2026-01-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001239","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. McGuire triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John J. McGuire accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 19 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":19}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P195_M001239","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. McGuire — DW-NOMINATE 0.69 vs VA delegation mean 0.12 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"John J. McGuire's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.69) is 1.5 standard deviations from the VA delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"VA","memberScore":0.693,"delegationMean":0.12260416666666664,"zscore":"1.53"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"A000382":[{"id":"P6_A000382_ugtzzd","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,250,713 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from BlackPAC","explanation":"BlackPAC spent $1,250,713 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 11 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00609388","name":"BlackPAC","support":1250713.43,"oppose":0,"events":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00609388/"]},{"id":"P6_A000382_d0p0d7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$991,240 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Black Progressive Action Coalition","explanation":"Black Progressive Action Coalition spent $991,240 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90017997","name":"Black Progressive Action Coalition","support":991240,"oppose":0,"events":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90017997/"]},{"id":"P6_A000382_va4uc7","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$968,566 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from National Nurses United for Patient Prote","explanation":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection spent $968,566 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 13 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00490375","name":"National Nurses United for Patient Protection","support":968566.36,"oppose":0,"events":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00490375/"]},{"id":"P7_A000382_84mqra","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $31,243,050 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $31,243,050 opposing this member across 231 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":31243049.799999997,"totalSupport":3964641.430000001,"events":231,"topAttackers":[{"name":"MARYLAND'S FUTURE","oppose":31206739.389999997},{"name":"RED SENATE","oppose":36310.41}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_A000382_ey2bwo","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,156,303 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $1,156,303 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":1156302.7400000002,"oppose":0,"net":1156302.7400000002,"events":4,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1156302.7400000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_A000382_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"50114 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $7,353,983 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 50114× NOT EMPLOYED = $7,353,983. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":50114,"total":7353983,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000382_ua7uz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$263,724 donation spike on 2024-05-15 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-15 this committee recorded $263,724 across 745 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,417.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00840017","date":"2024-05-15","amount":263724,"count":745,"baseline":28417,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00840017/"]},{"id":"P19_A000382_fophl1","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks campaign paid $20,796,520 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's campaign paid 77 disbursements totaling $20,796,520 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES","total":10581549.88,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES","amount":2250000,"date":"2024-11-19","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES","amount":1500000,"date":"2025-11-06","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION / STAGING","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES","amount":1150000,"date":"2019-10-31","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION / STAGING","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"D.C. TREASURER","total":4620960.890000001,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"D.C. TREASURER","amount":599380.36,"date":"2022-04-27","description":"TAXES","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"D.C. TREASURER","amount":552214.87,"date":"2023-07-14","description":"TAXES","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"D.C. TREASURER","amount":394173.82,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"TAXES","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DC TREASURER","total":1859415.54,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"DC TREASURER","amount":191071.99,"date":"2021-04-08","description":"TAX-DC PROPERTY","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DC TREASURER","amount":172994.66,"date":"2023-03-21","description":"TAX-DC PROPERTY","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DC TREASURER","amount":172583.25,"date":"2023-09-11","description":"TAX-DC PROPERTY","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DC TREASURER GOV OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-CFO","total":904715.34,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"DC TREASURER GOV OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-CFO","amount":161428,"date":"2015-09-03","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DC TREASURER GOV OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-CFO","amount":161428,"date":"2015-03-10","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DC TREASURER GOV OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-CFO","amount":154599.37,"date":"2014-08-26","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DC TREASURER REAL PROPERTY TAX","total":651839.38,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DC TREASURER REAL PROPERTY TAX","amount":163921.8,"date":"2017-09-12","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"DC TREASURER REAL PROPERTY TAX","amount":163921.8,"date":"2017-03-29","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"DC TREASURER REAL PROPERTY TAX","amount":161997.89,"date":"2016-08-18","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"D.C. TREASURER OFFICE OF TAX AND REVENUE","total":452786.45,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"D.C. TREASURER OFFICE OF TAX AND REVENUE","amount":160363.69,"date":"2018-03-08","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"D.C. TREASURER OFFICE OF TAX AND REVENUE","amount":146211.38,"date":"2012-09-10","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"D.C. TREASURER OFFICE OF TAX AND REVENUE","amount":146211.38,"date":"2012-03-20","description":"TAXES PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"treasurer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TREASURER%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES"]},{"id":"P25_A000382_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"91% of PAC dollars ($5,800,443) come from Party industry","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":5800442.73,"share":91.4,"totalPAC":6343118.5600000005,"pacCount":37},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":5800442.73,"share":91.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":177658,"share":2.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":157887.76,"share":2.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":148094.65,"share":2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_A000382_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00690073","name":"AMERICA WORKS STATE & LOCAL PAC","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00744540","name":"BLUE SENATE CANDIDATE FUND","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00889451","name":"WIN SENATE MD & PA","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00871442","name":"BOOKER SENATE MAJORITY","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00834044","name":"JUSTICE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_A000382_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ALSOBROOKS, Angela Deneece voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_A000382","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_A000382_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 2800.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK%20PAC"]},{"id":"P58_A000382","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1156K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks received $1,156,302.74 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO ($1,156,302.74 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":1156302.7400000002,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2024":1156302.7400000002},"corpCount":1},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":1156302.7400000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_A000382","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $116,063.8","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks received campaign contributions totaling $116,063.8 from 14 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO ($46,063.8); REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM FOR ALL ($10,000); NATIONAL ACTIVE AND RETIRED FEDERAL EMPLOYEES ASSO ($5,000); DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($5,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":14,"totalDollars":116063.8,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"BOOKER SENATE MAJORITY","ldaClient":"MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE OF PUERTO RICO","donorTotal":46063.8,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM FOR ALL PAC","ldaClient":"REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM FOR ALL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ACTIVE AND RETIRED FEDERAL EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COM (NARFE-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ACTIVE AND RETIRED FEDERAL EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P69_A000382","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $0.9M in personal liabilities (166% leverage of assets) — 4 liability items","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $925,001.5 in personal liabilities against $558,001.5 in assets — a 165.8% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $0.9M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":925001.5,"totalAssetMid":558001.5,"leverageRatio":165.8,"liabCount":4,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2005 · Self · Mortgage · None · 3.75% (30 Year Fixed) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Industrial Bank Upper Marlboro, MD · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2023 · Self · Line of Credit · - · 8.5% (Unsecured) · $100,001 - $250,000 · Prince George's Community Federal Credit Union Largo, MD · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"3 · 2014 · Self · Mortgage · 0 · 2.75% (30 Year Fixed) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Industrial Bank Upper Marlboro, MD · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_A000382","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Director at Maryland Association of Counties Annapolis, MD","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Maryland Association of Counties Annapolis, MD (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Dec 2018 to Nov 2024","role":"Director","entity":"Maryland Association of Counties Annapolis, MD","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_A000382","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$210,580.17 in outside earned income — top source: Prince George's County Upper Marlboro, MD ($$210,580.17)","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $210,580.17 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Prince George's County Upper Marlboro, MD ($210,580.17, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":210580.17,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Prince George's County Upper Marlboro, MD","amount":"$210,580.17","amountNumeric":210580.17}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_A000382","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 16 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks appears in 16 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 16 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (3); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); employer bundling (1); daily donation spike (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":16,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/A000382","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P93_A000382","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks filed 4 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 118 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Angela Alsobrooks has filed 4 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 118 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (118d late, filed 09/10/2025) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2025 (56d late, filed 07/10/2025) · 2025 (56d late, filed 07/10/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":4,"maxDaysLate":118,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"09/10/2025","daysLate":118,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3b286d6a-d4ab-4557-a355-1886953b70b3/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"07/10/2025","daysLate":56,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/extension-notice/regular/00d3163e-f274-447c-a060-054294c09a0a/","title":"Annual Report for 2024 Due Date Extension 2"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"07/10/2025","daysLate":56,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/extension-notice/regular/fc8330f3-bdbc-40f8-94ed-2da265d7e665/","title":"Annual Report for 2024 Due Date Extension 4"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3b286d6a-d4ab-4557-a355-1886953b70b3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/extension-notice/regular/00d3163e-f274-447c-a060-054294c09a0a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_A000382_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Maryland Association of Counties","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Maryland Association of Counties.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Maryland Association of Counties Annapolis, MD","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Dec 2018 to Nov 2024"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P109_A000382","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($8.4M total receipts) — top: ALSOBROOKS VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $8.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: ALSOBROOKS VICTORY FUND (C00859553, $8.4M receipts, treasurer PETTERSON, JAY). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":8.41,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00859553","name":"ALSOBROOKS VICTORY FUND","receipts":8405436.29,"treasurer":"PETTERSON, JAY","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859553/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859553/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00859553/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_A000382","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $65M across 4 cycles","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's FEC-bulk record shows $65.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 4 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":65.18,"cycleCount":4,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4MD00327"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4MD00327/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P147_A000382_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks's 2025 PFD reports earned income $211K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Prince George's County Upper)","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $210,580.17 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from Prince George's County Upper ($210,580.17). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":210580.17,"earnedIncomeK":211,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Prince George's County Upper Marlboro, MD","amount":"$210,580.17"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P148_A000382","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks's PAC funding concentrates 47% in Technology ($0.18M / $0.38M classified)","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's PAC donors concentrate 47% in the Technology industry — $0.18M of $0.38M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.18M · Labor $0.15M · Finance $0.02M · Ideological $0.02M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.18,"totalPacAmountM":0.38,"concentrationPct":47.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.18,"Labor":0.15,"Finance":0.02,"Ideological":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4MD00327/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_A000382","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks triggers 14 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks accumulates 14 HIGH-severity findings across 23 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":14,"distinctDetectorTypes":23}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P168_A000382_2025","pattern_type":"P168_PFD_HIGH_LEVERAGE_RATIO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Angela Alsobrooks's 2025 PFD: liabilities $0.93M = 166% of assets $0.56M — high-leverage profile","explanation":"Angela Alsobrooks's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $0.93M against total assets of $0.56M — a leverage ratio of 166%. High-leverage positioning indicates a senator running closer to the financial edge than peers — more vulnerable to market downturns, interest-rate increases, and refinance shocks. Journalists treating high-leverage members should note the vulnerability vector: financial pressure plus influence-money exposure (gifts under P154, junket travel under P142-P144, off-the-books cash offers from debt-relief intermediaries) creates compounded risk. The leverage ratio is computed from PFD value-bracket midpoints, so the actual ratio could be higher or lower depending on where the underlying values fall within their disclosed brackets.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_leverage","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":558001.5,"totalLiabMid":925001.5,"leverageRatio":1.658,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/784c560e-2a5a-404a-8dcc-387a2f726ce7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"S001232":[{"id":"P6_S001232_ubzkz4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$6,776,354 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from MORE JOBS, LESS GOVERNMENT","explanation":"MORE JOBS, LESS GOVERNMENT spent $6,776,354 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 56 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00693838","name":"MORE JOBS, LESS GOVERNMENT","support":6776353.860000002,"oppose":0,"events":56}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693838/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$6,234,726 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $6,234,726 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 143 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":6234725.889999998,"oppose":0,"events":143}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_tic410","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,058,195 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from The Sentinel Action Fund","explanation":"The Sentinel Action Fund spent $2,058,195 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 53 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00811166","name":"The Sentinel Action Fund","support":2058194.8699999996,"oppose":0,"events":53}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00811166/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_x8gjw8","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,635,409 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA PO","explanation":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA POLITICAL VICTORY FUND spent $1,635,409 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00053553","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA POLITICAL VICTORY FUND","support":1635408.5700000003,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00053553/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_vcqn4y","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$418,115 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","explanation":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND spent $418,115 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 129 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00448696","name":"SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND","support":418115.1699999999,"oppose":0,"events":129}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00448696/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_d0o9j1","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$350,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","explanation":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS spent $350,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C90016437","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","support":350000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016437/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_tehhls","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$295,286 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from 1889 PAC","explanation":"1889 PAC spent $295,286 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00881482","name":"1889 PAC","support":295286,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00881482/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_ti8a7e","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$293,869 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from GOA VICTORY FUND","explanation":"GOA VICTORY FUND spent $293,869 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00817122","name":"GOA VICTORY FUND","support":293868.69,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00817122/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_twnejf","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","explanation":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND spent $250,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00760124","name":"NATIONAL VICTORY ACTION FUND","support":250000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760124/"]},{"id":"P6_S001232_texe1r","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SAVE OUR COUNTRY","explanation":"SAVE OUR COUNTRY spent $250,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00877787","name":"SAVE OUR COUNTRY","support":250000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877787/"]},{"id":"P7_S001232_v6e6nc","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $65,261,145 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $65,261,145 opposing this member across 948 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":65261144.71999999,"totalSupport":19531576.070000015,"events":948,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Last Best Place PAC","oppose":32027579.779999994},{"name":"WinSenate","oppose":23431901.41},{"name":"DSCC","oppose":5551996.26},{"name":"Truth And Justice Fund Company","oppose":888852.76},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":625720.51}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001232_j67n1b","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$36,271 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $36,271 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC DBA SUSAN B ANTHONY PRO-LIFE AMERICA.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":36270.82,"oppose":0,"net":36270.82,"events":6,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC DBA SUSAN B ANTHONY PRO-LIFE AMERICA","support":36270.82,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001232_i85h9g","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $17,356,631 in itemized individual contributions, $11,945,601 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":17356631,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-317864,"$200.01-$499":1451863,"$500-$999":1689513,"$1000-$1999":2587518,"$2000 and over":11945601},"megaShare":68.8,"smallDonorShare":-1.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001232_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"69639 employees of RETIRED gave $7,500,615 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 69639× RETIRED = $7,500,615. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":69639,"total":7500615,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001232_hbka63","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$278,387 donation spike on 2024-06-04 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-04 this committee recorded $278,387 across 463 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,840.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00844159","date":"2024-06-04","amount":278387,"count":463,"baseline":28840,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844159/"]},{"id":"P15_S001232_vzwndo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$184,047 donation spike on 2023-09-29 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-29 this committee recorded $184,047 across 59 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,450.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00844159","date":"2023-09-29","amount":184047,"count":59,"baseline":23450,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844159/"]},{"id":"P15_S001232_hbm73v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$172,227 donation spike on 2024-03-12 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-12 this committee recorded $172,227 across 108 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,091.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00844159","date":"2024-03-12","amount":172227,"count":108,"baseline":21091,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844159/"]},{"id":"P15_S001232_vzhynx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$99,864 donation spike on 2023-11-30 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-11-30 this committee recorded $99,864 across 103 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,780.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00844159","date":"2023-11-30","amount":99864,"count":103,"baseline":11780,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844159/"]},{"id":"P36_S001232","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 18 total findings","explanation":"Tim Sheehy has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":18,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P54_S001232_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (DHR)","explanation":"Tim Sheehy discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (DHR) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["DHR"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P63_S001232","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 103 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 103 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): RSP, ABYIX, AQMIX, CSHIX, ACTDX, LOTIX, MMHIX, MTBIX, PIMSX, PCRPX, VTIP, PZIEX, AFRM, AMZN, AMT, … (88 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":103,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["RSP","ABYIX","AQMIX","CSHIX","ACTDX","LOTIX","MMHIX","MTBIX","PIMSX","PCRPX","VTIP","PZIEX","AFRM","AMZN","AMT","AUR","NET","CVNA","COIN","DASH","GTLB","ICE","MELI","MSTR","RBLX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_S001232","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 50 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$120.8M","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 50 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $120,823,513.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Ownership Interest in Turtle Lake Holdin (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), Over $50,000,000); Half Hitch Big Sky Description: Single F (Real Estate Residential, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Bird Point Description: Single Family Re (Real Estate Residential, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Ownership Interest in Element Capital LL (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Ownership Interest in Element Aviation S (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":50,"totalEstMidpoint":120823513.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Ownership Interest in Turtle Lake Holding Company LLC Company: Turtle Lake Holding Company LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Holding company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"Over $50,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"},{"name":"Half Hitch Big Sky Description: Single Family Residential Home (Big Sky, MT) Filer comment: 2024 Property tax assessed value $5,734,600.00 (MT DOR: Assessed value = 100% market value)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"},{"name":"Bird Point Description: Single Family Residential Home and Cabins (Polson, MT) Filer comment: 2024 Property tax assessed value $5,093,710.00 (MT DOR: Assessed value = 100% market value)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"},{"name":"Ownership Interest in Element Capital LLC Company: Element Capital LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Holding company","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"},{"name":"Ownership Interest in Element Aviation Services, LLC Company: Element Aviation Services, LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Airplane Leasing and Sales","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_S001232","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $3.0M in personal liabilities (2% leverage of assets) — 2 liability items","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $3,000,000.5 in personal liabilities against $160,381,929.5 in assets — a 1.9% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":3000000.5,"totalAssetMid":160381929.5,"leverageRatio":1.9,"liabCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2021 · Self · Mortgage · None · 3.15% (30 year) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Morgan Stanley EWING, NJ · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_S001232","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 25 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at Montana Firefighter Fund Belgrade, MT","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 25 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Montana Firefighter Fund Belgrade, MT (Nonprofit Organization); Director at United Aerial Firefighter Association Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization); Director at Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, Inc. Belgrade, MT (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":25,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Dec 2020 to Nov 2024","role":"Director","entity":"Montana Firefighter Fund Belgrade, MT","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Dec 2022 to Jun 2024","role":"Director","entity":"United Aerial Firefighter Association Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Dec 2014 to Jul 2024","role":"Director","entity":"Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, Inc. Belgrade, MT","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Dec 2014 to Jul 2024","role":"Officer","entity":"Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, Inc. Belgrade, MT","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Sep 2012 to present","role":"Other (LLC Manager)","entity":"Turtle Lake Holding Company, LLC Minneapolis, MN","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"},{"dates":"Oct 2020 to present","role":"Other (LLC Manager)","entity":"Wapiti Holdings, LLC Bozeman, MT","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"},{"dates":"Oct 2020 to present","role":"Other (LLC Manager)","entity":"Linney Holdings, LLC Bozeman, MT","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"},{"dates":"Oct 2020 to present","role":"Other (LLC Manager)","entity":"Yorktown Holdings, LLC Bozeman, MT","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_S001232","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$40,944.31 in outside earned income — top source: Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, LLC Belgrade, MT ($$40,944.31)","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $40,944.31 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, LLC Belgrade, MT ($40,944.31, Wages).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":40944.31,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Wages","source":"Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, LLC Belgrade, MT","amount":"$40,944.31","amountNumeric":40944.31}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 7 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including RSP, AQMIX, ACTDX, LOTIX, MMHIX, MTBIX","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 7 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: RSP, AQMIX, ACTDX, LOTIX, MMHIX, MTBIX, AMT.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":7,"newTickers":["RSP","AQMIX","ACTDX","LOTIX","MMHIX","MTBIX","AMT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001232","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 26 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Tim Sheehy appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 26 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (10); daily donation spike (4); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":26,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":10},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":1},{"type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001232","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 54 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including PDBC, EXG, NVO, AZN, TTE, HESAY","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 54 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: PDBC, EXG, NVO, AZN, TTE, HESAY, TFII, LVMUY, CFRUY, STM, ABB, AON.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":54,"divestedTickers":["PDBC","EXG","NVO","AZN","TTE","HESAY","TFII","LVMUY","CFRUY","STM","ABB","AON"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy discloses 15 private-company / restricted stock positions — Bozburun, Inc. (dba Toolio) Company: Bozburun, Inc. (dba Toolio) (New York, NY) …","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 15 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 15 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Bozburun, Inc. (dba Toolio) Company: Bozburun, Inc. (dba Too · Equestrian Labs, Inc. (dba Corro) Company: Equestrian Labs, .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":15,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Bozburun, Inc. (dba Toolio) Company: Bozburun, Inc. (dba Toolio) (New York, NY) Description: Contracted Services/Software Development","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Equestrian Labs, Inc. (dba Corro) Company: Equestrian Labs, Inc. (dba Corro) (New York, NY) Description: Ecommerce","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Giddy, Inc. (Boxed Wholesale) Company: Giddy, Inc. (Boxed Wholesale) (New York, NY) Description: Ecommerce","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"Heartbeat Health Inc. Company: Heartbeat Health Inc. (New York, NY) Description: Healthcare","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy filed 2 amendments to the 2025 Senate annual disclosure — 3 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Tim Sheehy's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2025 report alone, with 3 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2025,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":3,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Blind Trust","Blind Trust"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/b2c56ff1-2bd4-40e2-a941-ebb0697db583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/a6a657ab-d46e-4cc7-af7b-58575ac350bf/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/b2c56ff1-2bd4-40e2-a941-ebb0697db583/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/a6a657ab-d46e-4cc7-af7b-58575ac350bf/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy discloses 34 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (6 top-bracket + 28 unascertainable, 23% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 34 opaque-value entries (6 top-bracket, 28 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 23% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Timothy P Sheehy Irrevocable Trust (--) · Turtle Lake Holding Company, LLC Company: Turtle Lake Holding Company, LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description (--) · Morgan Stanley #1.1.1 (--) · Morgan Stanley #1.1.2 (--) · Morgan Stanley #1.1.3 (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":34,"topBracketCount":6,"unascertCount":28,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.228,"samples":[{"asset":"Timothy P Sheehy Irrevocable Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Turtle Lake Holding Company, LLC Company: Turtle Lake Holding Company, LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description","value":"--"},{"asset":"Morgan Stanley #1.1.1","value":"--"},{"asset":"Morgan Stanley #1.1.2","value":"--"},{"asset":"Morgan Stanley #1.1.3","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy discloses 13 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 13 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Carmen's Farms, LLC Company: Carmens' Farms, LLC (Bozeman, M · Ownership Interest in Carmens Farms LLC Company: Carmens Far · Half Hitch Big Sky, LLC Company: Half Hitch Big Sky, LLC (Bi · Half Hitch Big Sky Description: Single Family Residential Ho.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":13,"properties":[{"name":"Carmen's Farms, LLC Company: Carmens' Farms, LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Farming and Rental Activities","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Ownership Interest in Carmens Farms LLC Company: Carmens Farm, LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Farming and Rent","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Half Hitch Big Sky, LLC Company: Half Hitch Big Sky, LLC (Big Sky, MT) Description: Rental Property","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Half Hitch Big Sky Description: Single Family Residential Home (Big Sky, MT) Filer comment: 2024 Property tax ","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"name":"Bird Point, LLC Company: Bird Point, LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Rental Property","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Bird Point Description: Single Family Residential Home and Cabins (Polson, MT) Filer comment: 2024 Property ta","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"name":"Ownership Interest in Bird Point LLC Company: Bird Point LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Real estate investment","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Little Belt Land, LLC Company: Little Belt Land, LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Real Property Leasing","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy discloses 17 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 17 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: FS NYDIG SELECT BITCOIN LP Description : Investment Fund (Ne · ARES SME Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY) · ASHBRIDGE SECONDARIES II Description : Investment Fund (New  · ASHBRIDGE SECONDARIES II CPV Description : Investment Fund (.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":17,"holdings":[{"name":"FS NYDIG SELECT BITCOIN LP Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"ARES SME Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"ASHBRIDGE SECONDARIES II Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"ASHBRIDGE SECONDARIES II CPV Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Interest in Blackstone Growth L.P. Company: Blackstone Growth L.P. (New York, NY) Description: Investments","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Interest in Flint Hills Founders II, L.P. Company: Flint Hills Founders II, L.P. (Bozeman, MT) Description: In","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Interest in Next Frontier Fund III, L.P. Company: Next Frontier Ventures Fund III, L.P. (Bozeman, MT) Descript","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Interest in Next Frontier Fund IV, L.P. Company: Next Frontier Ventures Fund IV, L.P. (Bozeman, MT) Descriptio","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P88_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 PFD: 14 holdings ≥$1M each — CSHIX, PIMSX, BAER","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 14 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: CSHIX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · PIMSX ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · BAER ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":14,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CSHIX","asset":"CSHIX - Credit Suisse High Income Fund Common","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"PIMSX","asset":"PIMSX - Virtus Newfleet Multi-Sector Short Term Bond Fun","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"BAER","asset":"BAER - Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings Inc","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Ownership Interest in Element Capital LLC Company: Element Capital LLC (Bozeman, MT) Description: Ho","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Note Receivable - Bird Point LLC Company: Bird Point LLC (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Note Receivable - Element Aviation Services LLC Company: Element Aviation Services LLC (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Note Receivable - Element Holdings LLC Company: Element Holdings LLC (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Note Receivable - Half Hitch Big Sky LLC Company: Half Hitch Big Sky LLC (Bozeman, MT)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P94_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P94_PFD_CRYPTO_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Sheehy discloses 2 crypto-related holdings on 2025 PFD — COIN - Coinbase Global Inc Cl A (DISPOSED), FS NYDIG SELECT BITCOIN LP Description : Investmen","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 cryptocurrency or crypto-related positions (direct BTC/ETH, GBTC, Coinbase / Marathon / Riot / mining stocks, stablecoins, NFTs, blockchain ETFs). Crypto regulation is a live legislative debate — FIT21 (House-passed market structure bill), the GENIUS Act (stablecoin oversight), CFTC vs SEC jurisdiction over digital commodities, and ongoing tax-treatment debates all flow through Senate Banking, Senate Agriculture, House Financial Services, and House Agriculture committees. Senators with crypto exposure voting on crypto regulation establishes direct sector-specific conflict on a fast-moving asset class. Holdings: COIN - Coinbase Global Inc Cl A (DISPOSED) · FS NYDIG SELECT BITCOIN LP Description : Investment Fund (Ne.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_crypto","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"COIN - Coinbase Global Inc Cl A (DISPOSED)","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"FS NYDIG SELECT BITCOIN LP Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4763"]},{"id":"P96_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Morgan Stanley EWING,","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$1,000,001 - $5,000,000) at 3.15% (30 year) from Morgan Stanley EWING,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.15% (30 year)","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","creditor":"Morgan Stanley EWING, NJ","incurred":"2021"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P101_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$1,053 disclosed) — top: Post Hill Press LLC","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $1,053 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Post Hill Press LLC (Royalties, $1,053.68).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":1053,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Post Hill Press LLC Brentwood, TN","amount":"$1,053.68"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy holds 2 nonprofit/foundation board roles on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Montana Firefighter Fund Belgrade,","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 2 ongoing roles on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Montana Firefighter Fund Belgrade, · Director · United Aerial Firefighter Association.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":2,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Montana Firefighter Fund Belgrade, MT","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Dec 2020 to Nov 2024"},{"position":"Director","entity":"United Aerial Firefighter Association Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Dec 2022 to Jun 2024"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P103_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Sheehy holds 2 for-profit officer/director roles on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings,","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 2 active officer or director roles in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Director · Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, (Corporation) · Officer · Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":2,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, Inc. Belgrade, MT","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Dec 2014 to Jul 2024"},{"position":"Officer","entity":"Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, Inc. Belgrade, MT","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Dec 2014 to Jul 2024"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 PFD lists 9 entities bearing the surname \"Sheehy\" — top: Timothy P Sheehy Irrevocable Trust","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 9 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Sheehy\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Timothy P Sheehy Irrevocable Trust (asset) · Note Receivable - Tim Sheehy (asset) · Walter Sheehy Trust Bozeman, MT (position) · Bruce Sheehy Trust Bozeman, MT (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Sheehy","count":9,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Timothy P Sheehy Irrevocable Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Note Receivable - Tim Sheehy Debtor: Tim Sheehy","type":"Accounts Receivable From an Individual"},{"source":"position","entry":"Walter Sheehy Trust Bozeman, MT","position":"Trustee"},{"source":"position","entry":"Bruce Sheehy Trust Bozeman, MT","position":"Trustee"},{"source":"position","entry":"Annabelle Sheehy Trust Bozeman, MT","position":"Trustee"},{"source":"position","entry":"Evelyn Sheehy Trust Bozeman, MT","position":"Trustee"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy holds 8 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), UBER ($7.6M), COIN ($7.2M)","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 8 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $52.1M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · UBER ($7.6M, 44 filings) · COIN ($7.2M, 35 filings) · AMT ($3.7M, 17 filings) · DASH ($3.4M, 24 filings) · ICE ($1.8M, 8 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":8,"totalLobbyAcrossM":52.06,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"UBER","totalLobby":7620000,"recordCount":44,"topClient":"UBER TECHNOLOGIES"},{"ticker":"COIN","totalLobby":7220000,"recordCount":35,"topClient":"COINBASE INC."},{"ticker":"AMT","totalLobby":3724000,"recordCount":17,"topClient":"AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"DASH","totalLobby":3400000,"recordCount":24,"topClient":"DOORDASH INC."},{"ticker":"ICE","totalLobby":1822330,"recordCount":8,"topClient":"INTERCONTINENTAL EXCHANGE GROUP INC"},{"ticker":"TSLA","totalLobby":1815162,"recordCount":13,"topClient":"TESLA INC"},{"ticker":"RBLX","totalLobby":1546749,"recordCount":8,"topClient":"ROBLOX CORPORATION"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P108_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $7M) — top: BAER ($7.2M)","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $7M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: BAER ($7.2M, 4 contracts, Department of Agriculture).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":7.24,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BAER","total":7236703.109999999,"count":4,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture","Department of the Interior"],"latestDate":"2026-03-22"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P109_S001232","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($8.9M total receipts) — top: SHEEHY VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Tim Sheehy appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $8.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: SHEEHY VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00845792, $8.9M receipts, treasurer LISKER, LISA). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":8.91,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00845792","name":"SHEEHY VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":8910930.67,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00845792/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00845792/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00845792/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P121_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P121_PFD_AUTO_HOLDING_NHTSA","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Sheehy holds 2 auto-industry tickers on 2025 PFD — senator on Commerce/Finance — CVNA, TSLA","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major auto manufacturers, EV makers, or auto suppliers (Tesla TSLA, GM, Ford F, Stellantis STLA, Rivian RIVN, Lucid LCID, plus suppliers like Mobileye MBLY, Aptiv APTV, Magna MGA, BorgWarner BWA). The senator simultaneously sits on Senate Commerce, Energy & Public Works, Finance, or Appropriations — committees with primary jurisdiction over EV tax credits, NHTSA fuel-economy / CAFE standards, autonomous-vehicle regulation, NEVI charging-station subsidies, EPA tailpipe emissions, China auto tariffs, and right-to-repair legislation. The Inflation Reduction Act EV tax credit ($7,500/vehicle subject to sourcing rules) is a directly portfolio-relevant policy lever; NHTSA recall enforcement and CAFE rule-making move auto-stock prices materially. Holdings: CVNA (None (or less than $1,001)) · TSLA (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_auto_nhtsa","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CVNA","asset":"CVNA - Carvana Company Cl A (DISPOSED)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"TSLA","asset":"TSLA - Tesla Inc (DISPOSED)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onAutoCommittee":true,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.nhtsa.gov/"]},{"id":"P126_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy holds 1 publicly-traded REIT ticker on 2025 PFD — AMT","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holding — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: AMT (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMT","asset":"AMT - American Tower Corp (DISPOSED)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy holds 1 asset-manager / PE-firm ticker on 2025 PFD — ICE","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: ICE (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ICE","asset":"ICE - Intercontinental Exchange (DISPOSED)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P132_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P132_PFD_PARTNERSHIP_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 PFD lists 17 private-fund / LP / LLC holdings — opaque portfolio profile","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 17 private-fund-structured holdings — limited partnerships, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, fund of funds, family offices. These structures (a) defer income recognition until distributions are made, (b) allow carried-interest tax preference for fund managers, (c) obscure underlying portfolio-company names from the public PFD form (only the fund name is reported), and (d) limit liquidity, reducing the senator's ability to comply with STOCK Act timely-disclosure rules even if they wished to. Heavy concentration in private-fund vehicles is the most opaque PFD asset class — journalists investigating a senator's actual sector exposure must obtain the fund's quarterly investor letters or SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure to see what's inside. Holdings: FS NYDIG SELECT BITCOIN LP Description : Investment Fund (Ne · ARES SME Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY) · ASHBRIDGE SECONDARIES II Description : Investment Fund (New  · ASHBRIDGE SECONDARIES II CPV Description : Investment Fund ( · Interest in Blackstone Growth L.P. Company: Blackstone Growt.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_partnership_heavy","year":"2025","count":17,"holdings":[{"name":"FS NYDIG SELECT BITCOIN LP Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"ARES SME Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"ASHBRIDGE SECONDARIES II Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"ASHBRIDGE SECONDARIES II CPV Description : Investment Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Interest in Blackstone Growth L.P. Company: Blackstone Growth L.P. (New York, NY) Description: Inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Interest in Flint Hills Founders II, L.P. Company: Flint Hills Founders II, L.P. (Bozeman, MT) Descr","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Interest in Next Frontier Fund III, L.P. Company: Next Frontier Ventures Fund III, L.P. (Bozeman, MT","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Interest in Next Frontier Fund IV, L.P. Company: Next Frontier Ventures Fund IV, L.P. (Bozeman, MT) ","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P133_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $157.4M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $157.4M (asset midpoint $160.4M minus liability midpoint $3.0M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":157381929,"netWorthM":157.38,"totalAssetMid":160381929.5,"totalLiabMid":3000000.5,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_S001232","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy's earliest disclosed PFD (2023) shows $173.3M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2023) shows total assets of $173.3M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 286; earned-income on first filing: $7,016,905.31.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2023","totalAssetMid":173338578,"assetCount":286,"earnedIncome":7016905.3100000005,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5b5e6269-edbb-41b4-8e44-9ae0a40a7d82/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5b5e6269-edbb-41b4-8e44-9ae0a40a7d82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001232","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Sheehy triggers 20 HIGH-severity findings across 37 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Tim Sheehy accumulates 20 HIGH-severity findings across 37 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":20,"distinctDetectorTypes":37}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S001232","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy triggers 38 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Tim Sheehy accumulates findings across 38 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 38 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":38,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P11","P14","P15","P36","P54","P63","P68","P69","P70","P71","P74","P78","P79","P81","P82","P83","P84","P85","P88","P94","P96","P101","P102","P103","P104","P106","P108"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P159_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy holds 2 non-US-domiciled stocks on 2025 PFD across 2 countries — MELI (Uruguay), SHOP (Canada)","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 2 countries (Uruguay, Canada). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: MELI (Uruguay, None (or less than $1,001)) · SHOP (Canada, None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":2,"countries":["Uruguay","Canada"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"MELI","country":"Uruguay","asset":"MELI - Mercadolibre Inc (DISPOSED)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"ticker":"SHOP","country":"Canada","asset":"SHOP - Shopify Inc (DISPOSED)","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P164_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 PFD shows 1 inherited-wealth indicator — top: Commercial Real Estate Description: Commercial Real Estate Office Buil","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 holding explicitly described as inherited (Inherited IRA, Estate of, Beneficiary of, Legacy fund, Bequest). Inherited assets are functionally distinct from earned wealth: they were transferred at death and typically come with stepped-up basis (IRC Section 1014), generation-skipping considerations, and minimum-distribution rules (post-SECURE Act 10-year payout for non-spouse beneficiaries). Heavy inherited-wealth holdings indicate intergenerational wealth transmission — relevant context for the senator's votes on estate tax, stepped-up basis preservation, SECURE Act amendments, and trust-and-estate tax policy. Inherited holdings: Commercial Real Estate Description: Commercial Real Estate O.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_inherited_wealth","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Description: Commercial Real Estate Office Building (Belgrade, MT) Filer comment: 2024 ","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions"]},{"id":"P169_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 PFD initiated 6 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: RSP ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: RSP ($500,001 - $1,000,000) · AQMIX ($250,001 - $500,000) · ACTDX ($100,001 - $250,000) · LOTIX ($100,001 - $250,000) · MMHIX ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"ticker":"RSP","asset":"RSP - Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"AQMIX","asset":"AQMIX - Aqr Managed Futures Strategy Fund Class I","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ACTDX","asset":"ACTDX - Invesco High Yield Municipal Fund Class Y","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LOTIX","asset":"LOTIX - Locorr Market Trend Fund - Class I","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MMHIX","asset":"MMHIX - Nyli Mackay High Yield Muni Bond Fund Class I","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MTBIX","asset":"MTBIX - Nyli Mackay Tax Free Bond Fund Class I","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/147df01f-830a-485b-885c-f4fad2d01fa7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/147df01f-830a-485b-885c-f4fad2d01fa7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, (Wages)","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Wages from Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, ($40,944.31) · Self: Royalties from Post Hill Press LLC ($1,053.68).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Wages","payer":"Bridger Aerospace Group Holdings, LLC Belgrade, MT","amount":"$40,944.31"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Post Hill Press LLC Brentwood, TN","amount":"$1,053.68"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/147df01f-830a-485b-885c-f4fad2d01fa7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/147df01f-830a-485b-885c-f4fad2d01fa7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_MT_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"MT delegation: Tim Sheehy & Steve Daines both flagged on 15 shared detector types (8 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from MT — Tim Sheehy and Steve Daines — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 8 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P7, P9, P14, P15, P36, P63, P68.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"MT","otherSenatorBid":"D000618","otherSenatorName":"Steve Daines","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":8,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P7","P9","P14","P15","P36","P63","P68","P69","P70","P74","P79","P84","P88","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001232","https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000618"]},{"id":"P192_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_S001232_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Sheehy — 33 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Tim Sheehy's 2025 Senate PFD shows 33 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":33,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/de0b1ffb-c579-4721-871f-7a69c8c55d39/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001326":[{"id":"P6_B001326_xb9cwi","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,247,045 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DCCC (also direct donor)","explanation":"DCCC spent $2,247,045 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00000935","name":"DCCC","support":2247044.8,"oppose":0,"events":6},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"DCCC","total":13326.75}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00000935/"]},{"id":"P6_B001326_va1pqv","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$646,808 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from HMP (also direct donor)","explanation":"HMP spent $646,808 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 20 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00495028","name":"HMP","support":646808.48,"oppose":0,"events":20},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"HMP","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495028/"]},{"id":"P6_B001326_ufagyl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$473,515 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from 314 Action Fund (also direct donor)","explanation":"314 Action Fund spent $473,515 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 7 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00633248","name":"314 Action Fund","support":473514.9,"oppose":0,"events":7},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"314 ACTION FUND","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633248/"]},{"id":"P6_B001326_titukg","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$379,500 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Mainstream Democrats PAC","explanation":"Mainstream Democrats PAC spent $379,500 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00804823","name":"Mainstream Democrats PAC","support":379500,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804823/"]},{"id":"P7_B001326_1xlazl","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,353,916 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,353,916 opposing this member across 82 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2353915.59,"totalSupport":4063726.24,"events":82,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1957504.6400000001},{"name":"The Governing Majority Fund","oppose":215690.95000000004},{"name":"WFW ACTION FUND INC","oppose":180720}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001326_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8139 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,753,398 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8139× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,753,398. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":8139,"total":2753398,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001326_wljfmq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,880 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $57,880 across 38 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,449.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00843425","date":"2025-06-30","amount":57880,"count":38,"baseline":6449,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00843425/"]},{"id":"P19_B001326_2zy1ty","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Janelle Bynum campaign paid $8,306,247 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Janelle Bynum's campaign paid 146 disbursements totaling $8,306,247 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":82388.84,"date":"2021-11-15","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":75528.75,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":69184.86,"date":"2022-11-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","total":494516.20999999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":213593.8,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":102945.43,"date":"2025-09-25","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":67886.74,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PETTERSON, JAY","total":318369.72999999986,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-08-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":13109.46,"date":"2012-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PETTERSON, JAY","amount":12000,"date":"2008-12-01","description":"CONSULTING/COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"petterson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P27_B001326_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00685297","name":"ELECT DEMOCRATIC WOMEN","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00886010","name":"ELECT DEMOCRATIC WOMEN 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00879445","name":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER MAJORITY FUND","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_B001326","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Janelle Bynum has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_B001326_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Janelle Bynum sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"UAW - V - CAP (UAW VOLUNTARY COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM) 'INT'L UNION UNITED AUTOMOBILE AEROSPACE & AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA UAW","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MI","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UAW%20-%20V%20-%20CAP%20(UAW%20VOLUNTARY%20COMMUNITY%20ACTION%20PROGRAM)%20'INT'L%20UNION%20UNITED%20AUTOMOBILE%20AEROSPACE%20%26%20AGRICULTURAL%20IMPLEMENT%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20UAW"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UAW%20-%20V%20-%20CAP%20(UAW%20VOLUNTARY%20COMMUNITY%20ACTION%20PROGRAM)%20'INT'L%20UNION%20UNITED%20AUTOMOBILE%20AEROSPACE%20%26%20AGRICULTURAL%20IMPLEMENT%20WORKERS%20OF%20AMERICA%20UAW"]},{"id":"P51_B001326_SAVE_AMERICA","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid SAVE AMERICA $126.7M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Janelle Bynum's campaign committee paid $126,664,763.55 to SAVE AMERICA across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 25333.0× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"SAVE AMERICA","total":126664763.55,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA"},{"source":"donor","name":"VOTE SAVE AMERICA","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=SAVE%20AMERICA","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=VOTE%20SAVE%20AMERICA"]},{"id":"P61_B001326","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $60,000","explanation":"Janelle Bynum received campaign contributions totaling $60,000 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS ($10,000); AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION ($10,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($5,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($5,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL  ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":60000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS PAC","ldaClient":"NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_B001326","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 13 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Janelle Bynum appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 13 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie support concentration (4); ie attack target (1); employer bundling (1); daily donation spike (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":13,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001326","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_B001326","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Janelle Bynum's PAC funding concentrates 41% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.13M classified)","explanation":"Janelle Bynum's PAC donors concentrate 41% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.13M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.01M · Education $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.13,"concentrationPct":41.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4OR05304/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"J000311":[{"id":"P6_J000311_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,308,412 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $1,308,412 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 3 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":1308411.8599999999,"oppose":0,"events":3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_J000311_th5syl","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$581,672 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE IN (also direct donor)","explanation":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC. spent $581,672 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 32 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00835967","name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","support":581671.9000000001,"oppose":0,"events":32},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"DEFEND OUR CONSERVATIVE SENATE PAC","total":10000}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00835967/"]},{"id":"P6_J000311_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$430,699 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION (also direct donor)","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $430,699 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 10 events. The same entity also donated directly to the campaign — double-channel influence.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":430698.74,"oppose":0,"events":10},{"source":"pac_direct","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH PAC","total":13200}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P10_J000311_nft3ef","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $216,450 / spent $140,068","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00872481","cmteName":"PEACH STATE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":94402,"totalDisbursements":62037.6,"cashOnHand":32364.36},{"cmteId":"C00872481","cmteName":"PEACH STATE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":122047.8,"totalDisbursements":78030.2,"cashOnHand":76381.93}],"totalRaised":216449.8,"totalSpent":140067.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_J000311_yfrgv7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $1,604,060 in itemized individual contributions, $1,157,191 (72%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1604060,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-111566,"$200.01-$499":47309,"$500-$999":115979,"$1000-$1999":395147,"$2000 and over":1157191},"megaShare":72.1,"smallDonorShare":-7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000311_t4igoa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,167 donation spike on 2024-03-28 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-28 this committee recorded $64,167 across 44 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,147.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00872473","date":"2024-03-28","amount":64167,"count":44,"baseline":10147,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00872473/"]},{"id":"P15_J000311_r83h50","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,830 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $50,830 across 37 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,624.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00872473","date":"2025-09-30","amount":50830,"count":37,"baseline":3624,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00872473/"]},{"id":"P19_J000311_fxyjdw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brian Jack campaign paid $11,279,687 to 86 surname-matched vendors, top: JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","explanation":"Brian Jack's campaign paid 265 disbursements totaling $11,279,687 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":82388.84,"date":"2021-11-15","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":75528.75,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":69184.86,"date":"2022-11-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","total":494516.20999999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":213593.8,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":102945.43,"date":"2025-09-25","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"FOUR SEASONS RESORT-JACKSON HOLE","amount":67886.74,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"SITE RENTAL","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STACY E. WIGGINS, CPA, PC","total":388195,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"STACY E. WIGGINS, CPA, PC","amount":18500,"date":"2022-02-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES INV 22-020","surnameMatched":"wiggins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"STACY E. WIGGINS, CPA, PC","amount":18000,"date":"2022-10-19","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES INV 22-398","surnameMatched":"wiggins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"STACY E. WIGGINS, CPA, PC","amount":18000,"date":"2023-04-19","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wiggins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JACKSON%20PARKER%20AGENCY%20LLC"]},{"id":"P25_J000311_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of PAC dollars ($567,798) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"Brian Jack receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":567797.75,"share":61.2,"totalPAC":928223.05,"pacCount":41},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":567797.75,"share":61.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":207225.3,"share":22.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":83200,"share":9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":25000,"share":2.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_J000311","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Brian Jack has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_J000311","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $56,500","explanation":"Brian Jack received campaign contributions totaling $56,500 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: KUMAR FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP ($9,900); CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION ($6,600); COMCAST (FORMERLY NBC UNIVERSAL) ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000); REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":56500,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"KUMAR FAMILY LTD PARTNERSHIP","ldaClient":"KUMAR FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP","donorTotal":9900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SCHWAB, CHARLES","ldaClient":"CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMCAST CORPORATION AND NBC UNIVERSAL PAC","ldaClient":"COMCAST (FORMERLY NBC UNIVERSAL)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION PAC (RJC PAC)","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_J000311","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $50,830 on 2025-09-30 (14.0× normal)","explanation":"Brian Jack's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $50,830 on 2025-09-30 — 14.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":50830,"maxRatio":14,"maxAmount":50830},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":50830,"ratio":14,"baselineDaily":3624,"count":37,"cmteId":"C00872473","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00872473&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00872473/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00872473&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"]},{"id":"P90_J000311","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brian Jack's campaign paid $475,000 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: SHEAR, JACK ($300,000)","explanation":"Brian Jack's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $475,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SHEAR, JACK ($300,000 across 2 payments, services: ARTWORK). Cycles covered: 2016, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":475000,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SHEAR, JACK","total":300000,"count":2,"descriptions":["ARTWORK"]},{"payee":"JUDGE JACK PANELLA FOR SUPREME COURT","total":100000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"JACK MORTON WORLDWIDE","total":75000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONSULTANT-EVENTS"]}],"surname":"jack"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4GA03126&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_J000311","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Jack named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.4M total receipts) — top: TEAM BRIAN JACK","explanation":"Brian Jack appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM BRIAN JACK (C00872499, $1.4M receipts, treasurer BOLES, JASON D). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.39,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00872499","name":"TEAM BRIAN JACK","receipts":1392152.46,"treasurer":"BOLES, JASON D","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00872499/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00872499/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00872499/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_J000311","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Jack draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.6M PAC / $7.7M total)","explanation":"Brian Jack's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.6M of $7.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.7,"pacSharePct":34.3,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4GA03126"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4GA03126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001230":[{"id":"P6_M001230_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,216,443 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $1,216,443 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 98 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":1216442.6500000006,"oppose":0,"events":98}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P7_M001230_b47lih","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $13,268,883 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $13,268,883 opposing this member across 230 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":13268883.319999995,"totalSupport":1365004.7200000007,"events":230,"topAttackers":[{"name":"HMP","oppose":9348813.100000001},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1367625.7399999998},{"name":"Pro-Choice Majority 2024","oppose":673916},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":628398.81},{"name":"Voter Protection Project","oppose":461334.00999999995}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001230_4gbp2i","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $162,663 / spent $159,380","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00877621","cmteName":"MAINTAINING AMERICAN COMPETITIVENESS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":73319.8,"totalDisbursements":70819.8,"cashOnHand":2500},{"cmteId":"C00877621","cmteName":"MAINTAINING AMERICAN COMPETITIVENESS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":89343,"totalDisbursements":88560.5,"cashOnHand":3282.55}],"totalRaised":162662.8,"totalSpent":159380.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001230_r3r7xj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,150 donation spike on 2018-04-14 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-14 this committee recorded $73,150 across 49 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,967.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655175","date":"2018-04-14","amount":73150,"count":49,"baseline":4967,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655175/"]},{"id":"P19_M001230_ihaxjh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ryan Mackenzie campaign paid $62,109 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: JUKUS, JOEL","explanation":"Ryan Mackenzie's campaign paid 46 disbursements totaling $62,109 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JUKUS, JOEL","total":58024.42,"count":40,"samples":[{"payee":"JUKUS, JOEL","amount":4385,"date":"2018-11-02","description":"COMPLIANCE AND ACCOUNTING SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jukus","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"JUKUS, JOEL","amount":2323.92,"date":"2016-07-29","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"jukus","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JUKUS, JOEL","amount":2095,"date":"2017-07-03","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jukus","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JUKUS CAMAPIGN FINANCE PLLC","total":3460,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"JUKUS CAMAPIGN FINANCE PLLC","amount":900,"date":"2022-06-06","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jukus","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JUKUS CAMAPIGN FINANCE PLLC","amount":785,"date":"2021-05-17","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jukus","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JUKUS CAMAPIGN FINANCE PLLC","amount":685,"date":"2020-09-03","description":"COMPLIANCE AND ACCOUNTING SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jukus","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JUKUS","total":625,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JUKUS","amount":625,"date":"2017-05-01","description":"ACCOUNTING AND COMPLIANCE SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jukus","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JUKUS"]},{"id":"P62_M001230","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $73,150 on 2018-04-14 (14.7× normal)","explanation":"Ryan Mackenzie's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $73,150 on 2018-04-14 — 14.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":73150,"maxRatio":14.7,"maxAmount":73150},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-04-14","amount":73150,"ratio":14.7,"baselineDaily":4967,"count":49,"cmteId":"C00655175","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00655175&min_date=2018-04-14&max_date=2018-04-14"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655175/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00655175&min_date=2018-04-14&max_date=2018-04-14"]}],"C001137":[{"id":"P6_C001137_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$504,373 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $504,373 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 41 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":504372.50999999995,"oppose":0,"events":41}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P10_C001137_7tc7dn","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $210,245 / spent $152,057","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00883413","cmteName":"AMERICA'S MOUNTAIN PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":21533.9,"totalDisbursements":14618.9,"cashOnHand":6915.01},{"cmteId":"C00883413","cmteName":"AMERICA'S MOUNTAIN PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":188710.6,"totalDisbursements":137438.5,"cashOnHand":58187.03}],"totalRaised":210244.5,"totalSpent":152057.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001137_w5wp5e","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $1,168,167 in itemized individual contributions, $843,001 (72%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1168167,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-90666,"$200.01-$499":43277,"$500-$999":133510,"$1000-$1999":239045,"$2000 and over":843001},"megaShare":72.2,"smallDonorShare":-7.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001137_88ueou","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,200 donation spike on 2024-03-11 — 13× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-11 this committee recorded $58,200 across 32 contributions — 13× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,469.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00865592","date":"2024-03-11","amount":58200,"count":32,"baseline":4469,"ratio":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00865592/"]},{"id":"P19_C001137_ofxng7","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Crank campaign paid $3,460,789 to 17 surname-matched vendors, top: DON YOUNG INSTITUTE","explanation":"Jeff Crank's campaign paid 26 disbursements totaling $3,460,789 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DON YOUNG INSTITUTE","total":623690,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DON YOUNG INSTITUTE","amount":400000,"date":"2022-05-03","description":"DONATION","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DON YOUNG INSTITUTE","amount":223690,"date":"2022-05-12","description":"CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION: DONATION OF BUILDING/PROPERTY","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG PC","total":585000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG PC","amount":125000,"date":"2007-10-16","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG PC","amount":125000,"date":"2008-03-03","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG PC","amount":125000,"date":"2007-04-04","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","total":481713.71,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":152540,"date":"2003-12-31","description":"AUDIT AND TAX SERVICES","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":99235,"date":"2005-12-23","description":"FINANCIAL/ACCOUNTING FEE","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","amount":78867,"date":"2025-12-21","description":"ADVANCED QUARTERLY PAYMENT (ADMINISTRATIVE)","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRIEND OF TODD YOUNG","total":459255,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FRIEND OF TODD YOUNG","amount":459255,"date":"2016-08-03","description":"2016 GENERAL ELECTION CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG TRUST ACCOUNT","total":302500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SANDLER REIFF & YOUNG TRUST ACCOUNT","amount":302500,"date":"2009-01-16","description":"LEGAL MATTERS","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"YOUNG AMERICANS FOR LIBERTY, INC.","total":112479,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"YOUNG AMERICANS FOR LIBERTY, INC.","amount":112479,"date":"2020-06-30","description":"CAREY IN-KIND: STAFF SAL.& RSRCS. RE:T.ID#A1A06CF98CEB848C188D","surnameMatched":"young","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DON%20YOUNG%20INSTITUTE"]},{"id":"P62_C001137","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $58,200 on 2024-03-11 (13.0× normal)","explanation":"Jeff Crank's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $58,200 on 2024-03-11 — 13.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":58200,"maxRatio":13,"maxAmount":58200},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-11","amount":58200,"ratio":13,"baselineDaily":4469,"count":32,"cmteId":"C00865592","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00865592&min_date=2024-03-11&max_date=2024-03-11"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00865592/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00865592&min_date=2024-03-11&max_date=2024-03-11"]}],"O000177":[{"id":"P6_O000177_vak5ab","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,248,619 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","explanation":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION spent $1,248,619 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 17 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00487470","name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","support":1248619.2399999998,"oppose":0,"events":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487470/"]},{"id":"P6_O000177_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$257,695 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $257,695 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":257694.85,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P7_O000177_xnf7yt","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,738,244 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,738,244 opposing this member across 89 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3738244.36,"totalSupport":1696434.9999999995,"events":89,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CONSERVATIVES FOR AMERICAN EXCELLENCE INC.","oppose":1142691.34},{"name":"AMERICA LEADS ACTION INC.","oppose":1038463.81},{"name":"NATIONAL INTEREST ACTION INC","oppose":762329.86},{"name":"MISSOURI CONSERVATIVES FOR CONGRESS PAC","oppose":442844.64999999997},{"name":"NATIONAL INTEREST PAC","oppose":351914.7}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_O000177_igczcs","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"102% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -23%)","explanation":"Of $886,507 in itemized individual contributions, $903,264 (102%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":886507,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-208222,"$200.01-$499":24965,"$500-$999":50742,"$1000-$1999":115758,"$2000 and over":903264},"megaShare":101.9,"smallDonorShare":-23.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_O000177_z0uasr","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Onder campaign paid $95,819 to 8 surname-matched vendors, top: DATWYLER, THOMAS","explanation":"Robert Onder's campaign paid 84 disbursements totaling $95,819 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ONDER, ROBERT FRANK JR.","total":8938.79,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ONDER, ROBERT FRANK JR.","amount":8938.79,"date":"2011-06-30","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"onder","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","total":7934.4400000000005,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":1550,"date":"2014-02-03","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":975,"date":"2014-01-29","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":951,"date":"2013-10-17","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","total":7445.3,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":2445.3,"date":"2014-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":2000,"date":"2008-08-21","description":"INTERN STIPEND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C.","amount":1000,"date":"2014-07-31","description":"ACCOUNTING & REPORTING-CANDIDATE INKIND","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ONDER, ROBERT FOR JR.","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ONDER, ROBERT FOR JR.","amount":5000,"date":"2024-05-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"onder","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ONDER, ALLISON","total":4135.2,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ONDER, ALLISON","amount":4135.2,"date":"2024-10-01","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"onder","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DATWYLER"]},{"id":"P47_O000177_Arkansas_Electric_Cooperative__117823","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Robert Onder sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, which on 2025-02-11 held a hearing titled \"\"America Builds: Clean Water Act Permitting and Project Delivery\"\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hasten (Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","eventId":"117823","title":"\"America Builds: Clean Water Act Permitting and Project Delivery\"","date":"2025-02-11T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hasten","witnessOrg":"Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117823"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117823","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICA'S%20ELECTRIC%20COOPERATIVE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_O000177","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $60,000","explanation":"Robert Onder received campaign contributions totaling $60,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FREEDOM HEALTHCARE D/B/A FREE2CARE ($10,000); AMEREN SERVICE CORPORATION FKA AMEREN ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION ($5,000); SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":60000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"HEALTHCARE FREEDOM FUND","ldaClient":"FREEDOM HEALTHCARE D/B/A FREE2CARE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMEREN CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (AMEREN FEDPAC)","ldaClient":"AMEREN SERVICE CORPORATION FKA AMEREN","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC (SKINPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC DBA SUSAN B ANTHONY PRO-LIFE AMERICA","ldaClient":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]}],"H001098":[{"id":"P6_H001098_th7pvn","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$572,247 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ARIZONA'S BOLD ERA PAC (ABE PAC)","explanation":"ARIZONA'S BOLD ERA PAC (ABE PAC) spent $572,247 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 34 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00832980","name":"ARIZONA'S BOLD ERA PAC (ABE PAC)","support":572246.6499999999,"oppose":0,"events":34}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00832980/"]},{"id":"P7_H001098_ujybvc","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $592,669 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $592,669 opposing this member across 44 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":592669,"totalSupport":573520.6499999999,"events":44,"topAttackers":[{"name":"RIGHT ARIZONA","oppose":328069},{"name":"American Principles Project PAC","oppose":264600}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001098_4n3jl9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $130,944 / spent $112,936","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00877365","cmteName":"AMERICA'S BOLD ERA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":26916.8,"totalDisbursements":10650,"cashOnHand":16266.81},{"cmteId":"C00877365","cmteName":"AMERICA'S BOLD ERA PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":104027.1,"totalDisbursements":102285.7,"cashOnHand":18008.24}],"totalRaised":130943.90000000001,"totalSpent":112935.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001098_a5ggua","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Abraham Hamadeh campaign paid $649,070 to 21 surname-matched vendors, top: HAMADEH, WASEEM J","explanation":"Abraham Hamadeh's campaign paid 50 disbursements totaling $649,070 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. 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Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":513149.88,"share":52.8,"totalPAC":971667.5700000001,"pacCount":7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":513149.88,"share":52.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":363313,"share":37.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Individual","amount":95204.69000000002,"share":9.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_H001098_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAMADEH, Abraham J. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001098","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Abraham Hamadeh has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":1,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]}],"J000312":[{"id":"P6_J000312_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,025,544 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $3,025,544 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 5 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":3025543.7,"oppose":0,"events":5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_J000312_th3eyu","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$714,375 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from TEAM WEST VIRGINIA","explanation":"TEAM WEST VIRGINIA spent $714,375 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 22 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00839159","name":"TEAM WEST VIRGINIA","support":714375.1200000001,"oppose":0,"events":22}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839159/"]},{"id":"P7_J000312_o8rj2i","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,129,060 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,129,060 opposing this member across 80 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2129059.6599999997,"totalSupport":3995563.5,"events":80,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":2129007.4899999998},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH PAC","oppose":52.17}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_J000312_lvc442","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"98% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -19%)","explanation":"Of $2,632,461 in itemized individual contributions, $2,586,067 (98%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2632461,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-500717,"$200.01-$499":53173,"$500-$999":121838,"$1000-$1999":372100,"$2000 and over":2586067},"megaShare":98.2,"smallDonorShare":-19}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000312_fzqk7n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$337,698 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $337,698 across 207 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,237.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839100","date":"2023-06-30","amount":337698,"count":207,"baseline":24237,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839100/"]},{"id":"P15_J000312_fzsh68","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$176,833 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $176,833 across 75 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,768.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839100","date":"2023-09-30","amount":176833,"count":75,"baseline":16768,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839100/"]},{"id":"P15_J000312_g075t1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$105,218 donation spike on 2023-11-09 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-11-09 this committee recorded $105,218 across 67 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,776.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839100","date":"2023-11-09","amount":105218,"count":67,"baseline":16776,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839100/"]},{"id":"P15_J000312_uo2xgd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,960 donation spike on 2024-03-25 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-25 this committee recorded $83,960 across 50 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,798.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839100","date":"2024-03-25","amount":83960,"count":50,"baseline":6798,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839100/"]},{"id":"P15_J000312_fzru63","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,150 donation spike on 2023-08-29 — 15.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-08-29 this committee recorded $82,150 across 25 contributions — 15.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,333.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839100","date":"2023-08-29","amount":82150,"count":25,"baseline":5333,"ratio":15.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839100/"]},{"id":"P15_J000312_fzqk60","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,113 donation spike on 2023-06-13 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-13 this committee recorded $73,113 across 32 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,075.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839100","date":"2023-06-13","amount":73113,"count":32,"baseline":6075,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839100/"]},{"id":"P15_J000312_g07ssj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,450 donation spike on 2023-12-08 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-08 this committee recorded $67,450 across 39 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,939.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839100","date":"2023-12-08","amount":67450,"count":39,"baseline":8939,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839100/"]},{"id":"P19_J000312_aq9z6f","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice campaign paid $41,774,312 to 56 surname-matched vendors, top: WIN JUSTICE","explanation":"Jim Justice's campaign paid 140 disbursements totaling $41,774,312 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WIN JUSTICE","total":11740000,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"WIN JUSTICE","amount":2500000,"date":"2020-03-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WIN JUSTICE","amount":1250000,"date":"2020-06-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WIN JUSTICE","amount":1250000,"date":"2020-05-08","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WIN JUSTICE (FLORIDA COMMITTEE)","total":4050000,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"WIN JUSTICE (FLORIDA COMMITTEE)","amount":700000,"date":"2020-08-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WIN JUSTICE (FLORIDA COMMITTEE)","amount":650000,"date":"2020-07-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WIN JUSTICE (FLORIDA COMMITTEE)","amount":550000,"date":"2020-07-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAINE EQUAL JUSTICE","total":3500000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MAINE EQUAL JUSTICE","amount":3500000,"date":"2021-10-29","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MVP JUSTICE FUND","total":3430648.36,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MVP JUSTICE FUND","amount":739037.66,"date":"2020-08-07","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MVP JUSTICE FUND","amount":495059.58,"date":"2020-09-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MVP JUSTICE FUND","amount":461661.59,"date":"2020-10-21","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ILLINOIS JUSTICE & PUBLIC SAFETY","total":2000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ILLINOIS JUSTICE & PUBLIC SAFETY","amount":2000000,"date":"2020-02-19","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"justice","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WIN%20JUSTICE"]},{"id":"P25_J000312_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"54% of PAC dollars ($888,997) come from Party industry","explanation":"Jim Justice receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":888996.9,"share":53.8,"totalPAC":1651600.3800000001,"pacCount":21},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":888996.9,"share":53.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":365004.96,"share":22.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":93654.22,"share":5.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":90391.8,"share":5.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_J000312","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Jim Justice has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":5,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_J000312_PEBO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $PEBO — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Jim Justice disclosed an asset position in $PEBO on their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PEBO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PEBO","assetName":"PEBO - Peoples Bancorp Inc. - Common Stock","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2025","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PEBO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P62_J000312","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $337,698 on 2023-06-30 (13.9× normal)","explanation":"Jim Justice's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $337,698 on 2023-06-30 — 13.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":753754,"maxRatio":15.4,"maxAmount":337698},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-30","amount":337698,"ratio":13.9,"baselineDaily":24237,"count":207,"cmteId":"C00839100","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00839100&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-09-30","amount":176833,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":16768,"count":75,"cmteId":"C00839100","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00839100&min_date=2023-09-30&max_date=2023-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-03-25","amount":83960,"ratio":12.4,"baselineDaily":6798,"count":50,"cmteId":"C00839100","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00839100&min_date=2024-03-25&max_date=2024-03-25"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-08-29","amount":82150,"ratio":15.4,"baselineDaily":5333,"count":25,"cmteId":"C00839100","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00839100&min_date=2023-08-29&max_date=2023-08-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-06-13","amount":73113,"ratio":12,"baselineDaily":6075,"count":32,"cmteId":"C00839100","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00839100&min_date=2023-06-13&max_date=2023-06-13"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839100/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00839100&min_date=2023-06-30&max_date=2023-06-30"]},{"id":"P68_J000312","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 43 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$179.8M","explanation":"Jim Justice's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 43 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $179,795,018. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Bluestone Coke Processing Plant Descript (Real Estate Commercial, Over $50,000,000); Blackstone Company: Blackstone Energy, L (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $25,000,001 - $50,000,000); GMI Sports Performance Center Descriptio (Real Estate Commercial, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Sequoia Company: Sequoia Energy, LLC (Ro (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Justice Thermal Company: Justice Thermal (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $5,000,001 - $25,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":43,"totalEstMidpoint":179795018,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Bluestone Coke Processing Plant Description: Coke processing facility-inactive (Birmingham, AL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"Over $50,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"},{"name":"Blackstone Company: Blackstone Energy, LLC (Roanoke, va) Description: Coal mining","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"},{"name":"GMI Sports Performance Center Description: Sports performance/medical rehabilitation (White Sulphur Springs, wWV)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"},{"name":"Sequoia Company: Sequoia Energy, LLC (Roanoke, VA) Description: Coal mining","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"},{"name":"Justice Thermal Company: Justice Thermal, LLC (Roanoke, VA) Description: Coal mining","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_J000312","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses $118.8M in personal liabilities (8% leverage of assets) — 13 liability items","explanation":"Jim Justice's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $118,812,505.5 in personal liabilities against $1,414,206,662.5 in assets — a 8.4% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $118.8M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":118812505.5,"totalAssetMid":1414206662.5,"leverageRatio":8.4,"liabCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2024 · Self · Line of Credit · - · 5.80% (On Demand) · $25,000,001 - $50,000,000 · Greenbrier-WV Holdings, LLC White Sulphur Springs, WV · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"2 · 2020 · Self · Promissory Note · - · 4.75% (5 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Peoples Bank Lewisburg, WV · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"3 · 2012 · Self · Line of Credit · - · 0% (On Demand) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Tams Management, LLC Roanoke, VA · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"4 · 2018 · Self · Line of Credit · - · 0% (On Demand) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Bellwood Corporation Roanoke, VA · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_J000312","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Officer at Beckley Little League, Inc. Beckley, WV","explanation":"Jim Justice's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Beckley Little League, Inc. Beckley, WV (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"May 1992 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Beckley Little League, Inc. Beckley, WV","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_J000312","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150,000 in outside earned income — top source: State of WV Charleston, WV ($$150,000.00)","explanation":"Jim Justice's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $150,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of WV Charleston, WV ($150,000.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":150000,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of WV Charleston, WV","amount":"$150,000.00","amountNumeric":150000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_J000312","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Jim Justice appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (7); ie support concentration (2); ie attack target (1); mega donor dependency (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/J000312","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P81_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice discloses 60 private-company / restricted stock positions — Nexeon Medsystems-Celonova Company: Nexeon Medsystems-Celonova (Lexington, KY) D…","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 60 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 60 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Nexeon Medsystems-Celonova Company: Nexeon Medsystems-Celono · Compressus Company: Compressus (Washington, DC) Description:.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":60,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Nexeon Medsystems-Celonova Company: Nexeon Medsystems-Celonova (Lexington, KY) Description: Research & Development","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Compressus Company: Compressus (Washington, DC) Description: Research & Development","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Southern Coal Investment Company: Southern Coal Corporation (Roanoke, VA) Description: Coal mining","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Justice Low Seam Investment Company: Justice Low Seam Mining (Roanoke, VA) Description: Coal mining","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"Over $50,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice discloses 53 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (45 top-bracket + 8 unascertainable, 36% of 147 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 53 opaque-value entries (45 top-bracket, 8 unascertainable) across 147 total reported assets — 36% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Justice Receivable Company: James C Justice Companies, Inc (Roanoke, VA) (Over $50,000,000) · Southern Coal Receivable Company: Southern Coal Corporation (Roanoke, VA) (Over $50,000,000) · Alabama Receivable Company: Justice Coal of Alabama (Roanoke, VA) ($25,000,001 - $50,000,000) · Justice, LLC Receivable Company: James C Justice Companies, LLC (Roanoke, VA) (Over $50,000,000) · Southern Coal Sales Receivable Company: Southern Coal Sales Corporation (Roanoke, VA) (Over $50,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":53,"topBracketCount":45,"unascertCount":8,"totalAssets":147,"opaqueRatio":0.361,"samples":[{"asset":"Justice Receivable Company: James C Justice Companies, Inc (Roanoke, VA)","value":"Over $50,000,000"},{"asset":"Southern Coal Receivable Company: Southern Coal Corporation (Roanoke, VA)","value":"Over $50,000,000"},{"asset":"Alabama Receivable Company: Justice Coal of Alabama (Roanoke, VA)","value":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000"},{"asset":"Justice, LLC Receivable Company: James C Justice Companies, LLC (Roanoke, VA)","value":"Over $50,000,000"},{"asset":"Southern Coal Sales Receivable Company: Southern Coal Sales Corporation (Roanoke, VA)","value":"Over $50,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice discloses 35 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 35 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Prosperity house Description: Redacted Residential (Prosperi · Glade house Description: Redacted- Glade Springs (Daniels, W · Dwyer house Description: Redacted (Lewisburg, WV) · Millstone house Description: Redacted (Beckley, WV).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":35,"properties":[{"name":"Prosperity house Description: Redacted Residential (Prosperity, WV)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Glade house Description: Redacted- Glade Springs (Daniels, WV) Filer comment: Governor Justice owns jointly wi","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Dwyer house Description: Redacted (Lewisburg, WV)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Millstone house Description: Redacted (Beckley, WV)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Rt 19 Daniels property Description: Sur 4.5 ac Redacated (Daniels, WV)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Oakley Rd property Description: 6.39 ac Redacted (Beckley, WV)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Old White Land Description: Redacted (White Sulphur Springs, WV)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Landgraff property Description: Landgraff 3 lots (Landgraff, WV)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice discloses 2 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Morgantown Industrial Park Associates, LP Company: Morgantow · Allegheny Creative Energy Solutions, LP Company: Allegheny C.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":2,"holdings":[{"name":"Morgantown Industrial Park Associates, LP Company: Morgantown Industrial Park Associates, LP (Morgantown, WV) ","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Allegheny Creative Energy Solutions, LP Company: Allegheny Creative Energy Solutions, LP (Pottstown, PA) Descr","type":"Business Entity Limited Partnership (LP)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P88_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice's 2025 PFD: 57 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 57 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) (Over $50,000,000) · (non-ticker) (Over $50,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($25,000,001 - $50,000,000) · (non-ticker) (Over $50,000,000) · (non-ticker) (Over $50,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":57,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Justice Receivable Company: James C Justice Companies, Inc (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"Over $50,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Southern Coal Receivable Company: Southern Coal Corporation (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"Over $50,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Alabama Receivable Company: Justice Coal of Alabama (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Justice, LLC Receivable Company: James C Justice Companies, LLC (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"Over $50,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Southern Coal Sales Receivable Company: Southern Coal Sales Corporation (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"Over $50,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"A&G Receivable Company: A&G Coal Corporation (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Bluestone Receivable Company: Bluestone Resources, Inc (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"Over $50,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Glade Entities Receivable Company: GSR, LLC (Daniels, WV)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_J000312","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice's campaign paid $28,433,094 to 23 surname-matched vendors — top: WIN JUSTICE ($11,740,000)","explanation":"Jim Justice's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 54 payments totaling $28,433,094 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WIN JUSTICE ($11,740,000 across 13 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION · NON CONTRBUTION ACCOUNT- CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":28433093.56,"paymentCount":54,"payeeCount":23,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WIN JUSTICE","total":11740000,"count":13,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","NON CONTRBUTION ACCOUNT- CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MAINE EQUAL JUSTICE","total":3500000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE DONATION"]},{"payee":"MVP JUSTICE FUND","total":3430648.36,"count":10,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"ILLINOIS JUSTICE & PUBLIC SAFETY","total":2000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"JUSTICE & PUBLIC SAFETY","total":1561000,"count":5,"descriptions":["NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"justice"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4WV00332&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice (West Virginia) discloses 9 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Virginia (8)","explanation":"Jim Justice represents West Virginia but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 9 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than West Virginia (23 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Virginia: 8 · Alabama: 1. Sample: Bellwood Investment Company: Bellwood Corporation (Roanoke, VA) Description: Raw land and coal reser (Virginia) · Kirby Investment Company: Kirby Land Co. (Roanoke, VA) Description: Raw land and coal reserves (Virginia) · Wilcox Investment Company: Wilcox Industries, Inc. (Roanoke, VA) Description: Raw land and mineral r (Virginia).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"West Virginia","inStateCount":23,"outOfStateCount":9,"byState":{"VA":8,"AL":1},"samples":[{"name":"Bellwood Investment Company: Bellwood Corporation (Roanoke, VA) Description: Raw land and coal reser","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000","state":"VA"},{"name":"Kirby Investment Company: Kirby Land Co. (Roanoke, VA) Description: Raw land and coal reserves","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","state":"VA"},{"name":"Wilcox Investment Company: Wilcox Industries, Inc. (Roanoke, VA) Description: Raw land and mineral r","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","state":"VA"},{"name":"Grain Development Investment Company: Grain Development, Inc (Roanoke, VA) Description: Land Investm","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"VA"},{"name":"Meg-Lynn Investment Company: Meg-Lynn Land Company Inc (Roanoke, VA) Description: Coal mining","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"VA"},{"name":"National Resources Investment Company: National Resources, Inc (Roanoke, VA) Description: Coal reser","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"Over $50,000,000","state":"VA"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P97_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P97_PFD_BLIND_TRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice's 2025 PFD references a Qualified Blind Trust — transparency-positive (rare among senators)","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references a Qualified Blind Trust (QBT). A QBT removes the senator's discretion over individual asset-management decisions for the trust assets — they cannot direct purchases or sales, and they receive only summary balance information without knowing the underlying holdings. This is the strongest available recusal mechanism short of full divestiture. Setting up a QBT is rare (fewer than 10 of 100 senators historically) and requires Senate Ethics Committee approval of trust documents and trustees. This finding is transparency-positive — the inverse of the dozens of conflict-pattern flags above. Journalists should still verify the scope of the trust (does it cover all reportable assets, or just a subset?) and check for any reportable transactions outside the trust. Reference: 54 | Blind Trust of James C Justice, II | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | Over $50,000,000 | None | None (or less than $201)","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_blind_trust","year":"2025","mention":"54 | Blind Trust of James C Justice, II | Trust Qualified Blind Trust | Self | Over $50,000,000 | None | None (or less than $201)","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/qualifiedblindtrust"]},{"id":"P102_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Officer · Beckley Little League, Inc.","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Officer · Beckley Little League, Inc..","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Beckley Little League, Inc. Beckley, WV","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"May 1992 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P104_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice's 2025 PFD lists 16 entities bearing the surname \"Justice\" — top: Justice Receivable Company: James C","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 16 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Justice\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Justice Receivable Company: James C (asset) · Alabama Receivable Company: Justice Coal (asset) · Justice, LLC Receivable Company: James (asset) · Justice Farms Entities Company: Justice (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Justice","count":16,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Justice Receivable Company: James C Justice Companies, Inc (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Alabama Receivable Company: Justice Coal of Alabama (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Justice, LLC Receivable Company: James C Justice Companies, LLC (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Justice Farms Entities Company: Justice Farms of North Carolina (Roanoke, VA)","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Glade house Description: Redacted- Glade Springs (Daniels, WV) Filer comment: Governor Justice owns ","type":"Real Estate Residential"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Justice Low Seam Investment Company: Justice Low Seam Mining (Roanoke, VA) Description: Coal mining","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice holds 3 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — CAT ($5.9M), HPE ($5.2M), HPQ ($4.0M)","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $15.0M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: CAT ($5.9M, 12 filings) · HPE ($5.2M, 41 filings) · HPQ ($4.0M, 18 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":3,"totalLobbyAcrossM":15.04,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CAT","totalLobby":5866800,"recordCount":12,"topClient":"CATERPILLAR INC"},{"ticker":"HPE","totalLobby":5170000,"recordCount":41,"topClient":"SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP (ON BEHALF OF HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE CO.)"},{"ticker":"HPQ","totalLobby":4000000,"recordCount":18,"topClient":"HP INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — CAT (1,307)","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 1,307 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: CAT (1,307 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":1307,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CAT","patentCount":1307,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P109_J000312","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice named on 5 Joint Fundraising Committees ($6.2M total receipts) — top: JUSTICE 2022","explanation":"Jim Justice appears as a candidate beneficiary on 5 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $6.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: JUSTICE 2022 (C00769794, $1.5M receipts, treasurer ZAMORE, JUDITH). Active years: 1, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":5,"totalReceiptsM":6.21,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00769794","name":"JUSTICE 2022","receipts":1461778.03,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00769794/"},{"committeeId":"C00715938","name":"JUSTICE 2020","receipts":1269242.32,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00715938/"},{"committeeId":"C00502401","name":"JUSTICE 2012","receipts":1251667,"treasurer":"JUDITH ZAMORE","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502401/"},{"committeeId":"C00834044","name":"JUSTICE 2024","receipts":1200008,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00834044/"},{"committeeId":"C00633925","name":"JUSTICE 2018","receipts":1028165.22,"treasurer":"JUDITH ZAMORE","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633925/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00769794/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00769794/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P117_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice holds 1 agribusiness ticker on 2025 PFD — CAT","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 agribusiness stock holding — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: CAT ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CAT","asset":"CAT - Caterpillar, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P133_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $1295.4M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $1295.4M (asset midpoint $1414.2M minus liability midpoint $118.8M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":1295394157,"netWorthM":1295.39,"totalAssetMid":1414206662.5,"totalLiabMid":118812505.5,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_J000312","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice's earliest disclosed PFD (2023) shows $1579.4M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Jim Justice's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2023) shows total assets of $1579.4M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 148; earned-income on first filing: $254,500.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2023","totalAssetMid":1579369564.5,"assetCount":148,"earnedIncome":254500,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7586d936-0230-4a23-9cc3-0126863fded9/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7586d936-0230-4a23-9cc3-0126863fded9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_J000312","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Justice disclosed 1 large-bracket trade (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL PEBO $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Jim Justice has filed 1 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL PEBO $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-08-28.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":1,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":250001,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"PEBO","action":"SELL","date":"2025-08-28","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_J000312","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice's PAC funding concentrates 39% in Agriculture ($0.09M / $0.24M classified)","explanation":"Jim Justice's PAC donors concentrate 39% in the Agriculture industry — $0.09M of $0.24M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Agriculture $0.09M · Finance $0.08M · Labor $0.06M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Agriculture","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.24,"concentrationPct":39,"industryBreakdown":{"Agriculture":0.09,"Finance":0.08,"Labor":0.06,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4WV00332/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_J000312","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Justice triggers 16 HIGH-severity findings across 32 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Jim Justice accumulates 16 HIGH-severity findings across 32 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":16,"distinctDetectorTypes":32}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_J000312","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Justice triggers 33 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Jim Justice accumulates findings across 33 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 33 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":33,"sampleDetectors":["P6","P7","P11","P15","P19","P25","P36","P53","P62","P68","P69","P70","P71","P78","P81","P83","P84","P85","P88","P90","P91","P97","P102","P104","P106","P107","P109","P117","P133","P135"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P171_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Justice's 2025 PFD lists 4 new creditors not in prior year — top: Line of Credit from Greenbrier-WV Holdings, LLC White at 5.80% (On Demand)","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 4 creditors not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Line of Credit from Greenbrier-WV Holdings, LLC White at 5.80% (On Demand) ($25,000,001 - $50,000,000) · Judgement from Western Surety Co Sioux at 6% (On Demand) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Judgement from Carter Bank & Trust at 6% (On Demand) (Over $50,000,000) · Line of Credit from Beech Creek Coal Co at 0% (On Demand) ($10,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":4,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2024","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"5.80% (On Demand)","amount":"$25,000,001 - $50,000,000","creditor":"Greenbrier-WV Holdings, LLC White Sulphur Springs, WV"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Judgement","rate":"6% (On Demand)","amount":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","creditor":"Western Surety Co Sioux Falls, SD"},{"incurred":"2024","type":"Judgement","rate":"6% (On Demand)","amount":"Over $50,000,000","creditor":"Carter Bank & Trust Martinsville, VA"},{"incurred":"2023","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"0% (On Demand)","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000","creditor":"Beech Creek Coal Co Roanoke, VA"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/77af529f-3026-4a19-b605-584e6c519d4a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/77af529f-3026-4a19-b605-584e6c519d4a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_WV_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WV delegation: Jim Justice & Shelley Moore Capito both flagged on 16 shared detector types (2 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from WV — Jim Justice and Shelley Moore Capito — are flagged on the same 16 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 2 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P11, P15, P19, P36, P53, P62, P68.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"WV","otherSenatorBid":"C001047","otherSenatorName":"Shelley Moore Capito","sharedDetectorCount":16,"sharedHighCount":2,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P11","P15","P19","P36","P53","P62","P68","P81","P83","P85","P88","P90","P106","P107","P117"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000312","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001047"]},{"id":"P175_J000312_2025","pattern_type":"P175_PFD_LIABILITIES_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Justice's 2025 PFD reports $118.81M in total liabilities (13 distinct creditors) — top decile of senate","explanation":"Jim Justice's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total liabilities of $118.81M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets) across 13 distinct creditors — top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $3.4M), with leverage ratio 8% of total assets ($1414.21M). Top-decile-debt senators carry meaningfully more debt obligations than their peers — typically a combination of multiple mortgages, large lines of credit, business loans, and margin debt. Parallel to P133 (top-decile net worth) and P168 (high leverage ratio), this detector flags absolute debt size rather than relative ratio. Useful for journalists profiling debt-finance patterns: identify each lender from the underlying PFD Part 7, check the lender's industry, and compare loan terms (rate, points) against market-rate baselines.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_liabilities_top_decile","year":"2025","totalLiabMidM":118.81,"totalAssetMidM":1414.21,"liabCount":13,"leverageRatio":0.084,"p90ThresholdM":3.38,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d1dbc013-fc0a-4ab4-b3fc-b6bfd4ce7a40/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"F000484":[{"id":"P6_F000484_t03l5s","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,383,748 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW","explanation":"ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW spent $4,383,748 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 27 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00936724","name":"ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW","support":4383747.790000001,"oppose":0,"events":27}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00936724/"]},{"id":"P6_F000484_tdwh8f","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,734,300 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONSERVATIVE FIGHTER PAC","explanation":"CONSERVATIVE FIGHTER PAC spent $1,734,300 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 37 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00893198","name":"CONSERVATIVE FIGHTER PAC","support":1734300.2400000002,"oppose":0,"events":37}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00893198/"]},{"id":"P6_F000484_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,673,736 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $1,673,736 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":1673735.52,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P6_F000484_tfjsub","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$500,346 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from EDW Action Fund","explanation":"EDW Action Fund spent $500,346 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00863472","name":"EDW Action Fund","support":500345.84,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00863472/"]},{"id":"P19_F000484_wlzc68","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Randall “Randy” Fine campaign paid $1,932,991 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: FINE DESIGNS","explanation":"Randall “Randy” Fine's campaign paid 38 disbursements totaling $1,932,991 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FINE DESIGNS","total":1390953.8499999999,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"FINE DESIGNS","amount":452319.65,"date":"2008-11-19","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FINE DESIGNS","amount":162110,"date":"2008-11-10","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"FINE DESIGNS","amount":137500,"date":"2008-11-07","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PAULA LEDUC INC. PAULA LEDUC FINE CATERING & EVENTS","total":132293.98,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"PAULA LEDUC INC. PAULA LEDUC FINE CATERING & EVENTS","amount":52175.98,"date":"2021-08-17","description":"GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PAULA LEDUC INC. PAULA LEDUC FINE CATERING & EVENTS","amount":40101.62,"date":"2021-06-04","description":"EVENTS/MEETINGS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"PAULA LEDUC INC. PAULA LEDUC FINE CATERING & EVENTS","amount":40016.38,"date":"2021-07-16","description":"GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BONSAI FINE ARTS","total":105230,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BONSAI FINE ARTS","amount":38365,"date":"2021-01-12","description":"SHIPPING AND STORAGE OF HOUSEHOLD ITEMS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BONSAI FINE ARTS","amount":38365,"date":"2020-12-17","description":"SHIPPING AND STORAGE OF HOUSEHOLD ITEMS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BONSAI FINE ARTS","amount":28500,"date":"2021-01-12","description":"SHIPPING AND STORAGE OF HOUSEHOLD ITEMS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RESTAURANT ASSOCIATES MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS BOSTON","total":61566.990000000005,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RESTAURANT ASSOCIATES MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS BOSTON","amount":34884.05,"date":"2011-03-07","description":"GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RESTAURANT ASSOCIATES MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS BOSTON","amount":26682.94,"date":"2011-02-16","description":"GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FINE, DEBORAH","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FINE, DEBORAH","amount":50000,"date":"2008-12-17","description":"","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PALACE OF FINE ARTS LEAGUE","total":46157.71,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PALACE OF FINE ARTS LEAGUE","amount":46157.71,"date":"2024-10-22","description":"FUNDRAISING EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"fine","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FINE%20DESIGNS"]},{"id":"P29_F000484_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FINE, Randy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":7,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":359,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":1,"description":"Pet and Livestock Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_F000484_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $8,560,824 supporting member — 2.3× their own $3,719,022 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 2.3×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":8560824.38,"events":121},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":3719022},{"source":"ratio","ratio":2.3},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"ELECT CHICAGO WOMEN AKA ECW","support":4383747.790000001},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"CONSERVATIVE FIGHTER PAC","support":1734300.2400000002},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":1673735.52}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P90_F000484","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Randall “Randy” Fine's campaign paid $1,783,007 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: FINE DESIGNS ($1,390,954)","explanation":"Randall “Randy” Fine's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 34 payments totaling $1,783,007 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: FINE DESIGNS ($1,390,954 across 20 payments, services: PRINTING · MEDIA PRODUCTION · MEDIA CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1783007.43,"paymentCount":34,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"FINE DESIGNS","total":1390953.8499999999,"count":20,"descriptions":["PRINTING","MEDIA PRODUCTION","MEDIA CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"BONSAI FINE ARTS","total":105230,"count":3,"descriptions":["SHIPPING AND STORAGE OF HOUSEHOLD ITEMS"]},{"payee":"TEAM FINE","total":62900,"count":3,"descriptions":["EARMARKED DONATIONS","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"RESTAURANT ASSOCIATES MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS BOSTON","total":61566.990000000005,"count":2,"descriptions":["GENERIC CMTE. EVENTS/MEETINGS"]},{"payee":"FINE, DEBORAH","total":50000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]}],"surname":"fine"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6FL06258&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"P000622":[{"id":"P6_P000622_tewuti","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,369,215 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from CONSERVATIVE FUTURE FUND","explanation":"CONSERVATIVE FUTURE FUND spent $1,369,215 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 12 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00878264","name":"CONSERVATIVE FUTURE FUND","support":1369214.5999999996,"oppose":0,"events":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00878264/"]},{"id":"P6_P000622_th5b9j","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$558,813 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","explanation":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS spent $558,813 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00836221","name":"DEFEND AMERICAN JOBS","support":558813.1699999999,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836221/"]},{"id":"P9_P000622_7sanrx","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$26,652 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $26,652 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":26652.38,"oppose":0,"net":26652.38,"events":2,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":26652.38,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]}],"H001099":[{"id":"P6_H001099_tewrtr","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$296,428 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FIGHT FOR FLORIDA PAC","explanation":"FIGHT FOR FLORIDA PAC spent $296,428 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 9 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00878678","name":"FIGHT FOR FLORIDA PAC","support":296427.94,"oppose":0,"events":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00878678/"]},{"id":"P11_H001099_zhne6x","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $1,871,206 in itemized individual contributions, $1,356,555 (72%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1871206,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-7078,"$200.01-$499":39060,"$500-$999":118668,"$1000-$1999":364001,"$2000 and over":1356555},"megaShare":72.5,"smallDonorShare":-0.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001099_mt8pb4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$175,514 donation spike on 2024-05-20 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-20 this committee recorded $175,514 across 82 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,901.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00877324","date":"2024-05-20","amount":175514,"count":82,"baseline":23901,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877324/"]},{"id":"P15_H001099_xjgfhz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,301 donation spike on 2025-06-07 — 14.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-07 this committee recorded $93,301 across 38 contributions — 14.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,450.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00877324","date":"2025-06-07","amount":93301,"count":38,"baseline":6450,"ratio":14.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877324/"]},{"id":"P19_H001099_6wpi09","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Haridopolos campaign paid $7,232,579 to 34 surname-matched vendors, top: MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","explanation":"Mike Haridopolos's campaign paid 87 disbursements totaling $7,232,579 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","total":1774854.14,"count":23,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","amount":235168,"date":"2006-09-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","amount":150000,"date":"2004-10-28","description":"ELECTIONEERING DISBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS ROBINSON AND PARTNERS","amount":125000,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"TV BUY FOR CHACHING","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS","total":1091034.95,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS","amount":115310.13,"date":"2004-10-06","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS","amount":106560,"date":"2004-10-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS","amount":106208.25,"date":"2004-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GRAY ROBINSON","total":1003003.75,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","amount":974127.8,"date":"2018-12-03","description":"LEGAL PROCEEDINGS-ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GRAY ROBINSON","amount":28875.95,"date":"2019-02-26","description":"LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEYS FEES","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROBINSON CALCAGNIE INC-CLIENTTRUSTACCOUNT","total":462500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROBINSON CALCAGNIE INC-CLIENTTRUSTACCOUNT","amount":462500,"date":"2023-12-11","description":"LEGAL","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS INC","total":411400,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MACWILLIAMS, ROBINSON & PARTNERS INC","amount":411400,"date":"2004-09-24","description":"","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCWILLIAMS, ROBINSON","total":329646,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MCWILLIAMS, ROBINSON","amount":283460,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MCWILLIAMS, ROBINSON","amount":46186,"date":"2004-10-25","description":"","surnameMatched":"robinson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MACWILLIAMS%20ROBINSON%20AND%20PARTNERS"]},{"id":"P51_H001099_MAIN_STREET_MEDIA_GROUP","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP $21.4M — vendor also donated $5,000","explanation":"Mike Haridopolos's campaign committee paid $21,376,035.89 to MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $5,000 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 4275.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"MAIN STREET MEDIA GROUP","total":21376035.89,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP"},{"source":"donor","name":"REPUBLICAN MAIN STREET PARTNERSHIP PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20MAIN%20STREET%20PARTNERSHIP%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=MAIN%20STREET%20MEDIA%20GROUP","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=REPUBLICAN%20MAIN%20STREET%20PARTNERSHIP%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_H001099","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $95,000","explanation":"Mike Haridopolos received campaign contributions totaling $95,000 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); FLORIDA TRANSPORTATION BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION, INC. ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":95000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES. INC. PAC","ldaClient":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FLORIDA TRANSPORTATION BUILDERS ASSOCIATION, INC. FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"FLORIDA TRANSPORTATION BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_H001099","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $93,301 on 2025-06-07 (14.5× normal)","explanation":"Mike Haridopolos's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $93,301 on 2025-06-07 — 14.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":93301,"maxRatio":14.5,"maxAmount":93301},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-07","amount":93301,"ratio":14.5,"baselineDaily":6450,"count":38,"cmteId":"C00877324","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00877324&min_date=2025-06-07&max_date=2025-06-07"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00877324/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00877324&min_date=2025-06-07&max_date=2025-06-07"]}],"R000618":[{"id":"P6_R000618_t17xn4","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$350,000 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from FELLOWSHIP PAC","explanation":"FELLOWSHIP PAC spent $350,000 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 1 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00915181","name":"FELLOWSHIP PAC","support":350000,"oppose":0,"events":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00915181/"]},{"id":"P10_R000618_9ps6mh","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,006,926 / spent $1,459,454","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00832501","cmteName":"AMERICAN EXCELLENCE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":1287450.9,"totalDisbursements":861337.1,"cashOnHand":426113.77},{"cmteId":"C00832501","cmteName":"AMERICAN EXCELLENCE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":719475.3,"totalDisbursements":598116.4,"cashOnHand":547472.64}],"totalRaised":2006926.2,"totalSpent":1459453.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_R000618_luqgqi","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"78% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $2,645,180 in itemized individual contributions, $2,050,987 (78%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2645180,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-49715,"$200.01-$499":40266,"$500-$999":155331,"$1000-$1999":448311,"$2000 and over":2050987},"megaShare":77.5,"smallDonorShare":-1.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000618_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Ricketts executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revisions to the Unverified List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-08-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000618_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Ricketts executed 2 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program: Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment and Ambulatory Surgical Center Payment Systems and Quality Rep","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2023-08-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program: Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment and Ambulatory Surgical Center Payment Systems and Quality Rep","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2023-08-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000618_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Ricketts executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WAL","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Provisions Pertaining to Certain Transactions by Foreign Persons Involving Real Estate in the United States","agency":"Treasury Department, Investment Security Office","date":"2023-08-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Provisions Pertaining to Certain Transactions by Foreign Persons Involving Real Estate in the United States","agency":"Treasury Department, Investment Security Office","date":"2023-08-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000618_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Ricketts executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2023-08-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000618_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Ricketts executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fees for Services Performed in Connection With Licensing and Related Services-2023 Update","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2023-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000618_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Pete Ricketts executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APA","date":"2023-09-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; International Aero Engines, LLC Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-08-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000618_azzi5w","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Ricketts campaign paid $5,232,807 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: RICKETTS, MARLENE","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's campaign paid 20 disbursements totaling $5,232,807 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICKETTS, MARLENE","total":4183400,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, MARLENE","amount":3935000,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"RICKETTS, MARLENE","amount":248400,"date":"2024-12-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICKETTS, LAURA M.","total":514655.88,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, LAURA M.","amount":264135.48,"date":"2021-12-16","description":"STOCK RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RICKETTS, LAURA M.","amount":250520.4,"date":"2022-12-19","description":"GIFT OF 3180 SHARES OF CHARLES SCHWAB CORP. STOCK.","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICKETTS, JOHN JOE","total":180000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, JOHN JOE","amount":180000,"date":"2024-12-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICKETTS, J. JOE","total":168021.32,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, J. JOE","amount":100000,"date":"2012-10-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RICKETTS, J. JOE","amount":50000,"date":"2012-11-06","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RICKETTS, J. JOE","amount":18021.32,"date":"2018-03-12","description":"IN-KIND:FOOD AND BEVERAGES","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICKETTS, PETE J","total":87064.15,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, PETE J","amount":27803.94,"date":"2025-12-22","description":"IN-KIND:EQUIPMENT RENTAL / EVENT DECOR / FOOD / BEVERAGE/ FACILITY RENTAL / VALET SERVICES","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"RICKETTS, PETE J","amount":25926.87,"date":"2023-10-03","description":"IN-KIND:IN-KIND: FLIGHT","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"RICKETTS, PETE J","amount":16666.67,"date":"2023-10-28","description":"IN-KIND:IN-KIND: MEMORIAL STADIUM SUITE","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICKETTS, LAURA","total":44121.5,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, LAURA","amount":44121.5,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"VENUE FOR FUNDRAISER","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RICKETTS"]},{"id":"P29_R000618_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NE R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RICKETTS, John Peter (Pete) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"William J. Crain, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the Easte"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2025-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"William J. Crain, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the Easte"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000618","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Pete Ricketts has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_R000618_JNJ_20230921","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2023-Q3 while STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Ricketts executed a sell in JNJ during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP), STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP ON BEHALF OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TULSA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["STEPTOE LLP (FKA STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP)","STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP ON BEHALF OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TULSA","STEPTOE & JOHNSON LLP ON BEHALF OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000618_MRK_20230921","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MRK in 2023-Q3 while MERCK & CO., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Ricketts executed a sell in MRK during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MERCK & CO., INC., MERCK). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["MERCK & CO., INC.","MERCK","MERCK & CO INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000618_GD_20230921","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GD in 2023-Q3 while GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Ricketts executed a sell in GD during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP, GENERAL DYNAMICS). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP","GENERAL DYNAMICS","GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_R000618_UNH_20230921","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2023-Q3 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Pete Ricketts executed a sell in UNH during 2023-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21","quarter":"2023-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2023-Q3","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_R000618_MCD_20230921","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MCD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Ricketts sell $MCD 1 day after a corporate insider (Kempczinski Christopher J  (CIK 0001598115)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Kempczinski Christopher J  (CIK 0001598115)","filingDate":"2023-09-20","adsh":"0000063908-23-000090","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_R000618_GD_20230921","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Ricketts sell $GD 1 day after a corporate insider (Nye C Howard  (CIK 0001373147)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"Nye C Howard  (CIK 0001373147)","filingDate":"2023-09-20","adsh":"0001209191-23-050129","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000618_MCD_20230921","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MCD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Ricketts sell $MCD 1 day before a corporate insider (Erlinger Joseph M.  (CIK 0001685800)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Erlinger Joseph M.  (CIK 0001685800)","filingDate":"2023-09-22","adsh":"0000063908-23-000091"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000618_PM_20230921","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PM 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Pete Ricketts sell $PM 5 days before a corporate insider (Prime Movers Lab Fund I LP  (CIK 0001751631)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PM","filer":"Prime Movers Lab Fund I LP  (CIK 0001751631)","filingDate":"2023-09-26","adsh":"0001062993-23-018503"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P48_R000618_334700","pattern_type":"P48_HEARING_PROXIMITY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UNP 13 days after a Industrials hearing in Senate Environment and Public Works","explanation":"Pete Ricketts sits on Senate Environment and Public Works, which on 2023-09-07 held a hearing titled \"Hearings to examine implementing IIJA, focusing on perspectives on the Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act.\" — classified as Industrials sector. The member sell $UNP (a Industrials-sector stock) 13 days after the hearing. Hearings routinely surface technical detail (regulator briefings, sworn industry projections, classified markups) that is meaningfully informative even when the hearing itself is public — and committee members get the materials in advance.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"Senate Environment and Public Works","eventId":"334700","title":"Hearings to examine implementing IIJA, focusing on perspectives on the Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act.","date":"2023-09-07T14:00:00Z","sector":"Industrials","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334700"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/senate/334700","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_CVS","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CVS — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $CVS on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CVS per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CVS","assetName":"CVS - CVS Health Corporation Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CVS","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_JNJ","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $JNJ — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $JNJ on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $JNJ per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"JNJ","assetName":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"JNJ","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_MRK","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MRK — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $MRK on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MRK per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MRK","assetName":"MRK - Merck & Co Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MRK","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_PM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PM — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $PM on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PM","assetName":"PM - Philip Morris International Inc Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PM","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_PG","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $PG — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $PG on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $PG per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"PG","assetName":"PG - Procter & Gamble Company (The) Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"PG","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_ABT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ABT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $ABT on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ABT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ABT","assetName":"ABT - Abbott Laboratories Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ABT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_ADP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $ADP — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $ADP on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ADP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ADP","assetName":"ADP - Automatic Data Processing, Inc. - Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ADP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_KO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $KO — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $KO on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $KO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"KO","assetName":"KO - Coca-Cola Company (The) Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"KO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_EMR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $EMR — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $EMR on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $EMR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"EMR","assetName":"EMR - Emerson Electric Company Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"EMR","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_GD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $GD — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $GD on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $GD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"GD","assetName":"GD - General Dynamics Corporation Common Stock Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"GD","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_R000618_MDT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MDT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed an asset position in $MDT on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MDT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MDT","assetName":"MDT - Medtronic plc. Ordinary Shares Filer comment: No longer held","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MDT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-21"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P54_R000618_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"3 Healthcare votes — senator holds 5 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ, TMO, ABT, MDT)","explanation":"Pete Ricketts discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (CVS, JNJ, TMO, ABT, MDT) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ","TMO","ABT","MDT"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To rescind certain amounts appropriated for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and certain changes to Medicaid.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Cent","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to reduce health care costs, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_R000618_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 Defense votes — senator holds 3 Defense stocks (BA, GD, HII)","explanation":"Pete Ricketts discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (BA, GD, HII) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA","GD","HII"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","description":"A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been autho","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_R000618_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 Energy votes — senator holds 3 Energy stocks (CVX, VLO, XOM)","explanation":"Pete Ricketts discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (CVX, VLO, XOM) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","VLO","XOM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2026","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bure","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P63_R000618","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Discloses holdings in 204 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 204 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2026). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): DFCEX, DFIEX, DFGFX, DFAS, DFAT, ISTB, IJJ, TIP, IGSB, STPZ, SPY, SPYV, SLYV, MDY, VTEB, … (189 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":204,"mostRecentFilingYear":2026,"sampleTickers":["DFCEX","DFIEX","DFGFX","DFAS","DFAT","ISTB","IJJ","TIP","IGSB","STPZ","SPY","SPYV","SLYV","MDY","VTEB","VNQ","VOO","SCHP","BND","DFGBX","DFEM","DUHP","MBB","SCHW","MUB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_R000618_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 5 Healthcare stocks (CVS, JNJ, TMO, ABT, MDT) — senator cast 3 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 5 Healthcare stocks — CVS, JNJ, TMO, ABT, MDT — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 3 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["CVS","JNJ","TMO","ABT","MDT"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-30","billNumber":"HR7148","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7148"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-13","billNumber":"SJRES84","question":"On the Motion to Proceed","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/84"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3386","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3386"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_R000618_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Defense stocks (BA, GD, HII) — senator cast 6 Defense-related votes","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Defense stocks — BA, GD, HII — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 6 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["BA","GD","HII"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-14","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Point of Order","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-08","billNumber":"SJRES98","question":"On the Motion to Discharge","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/98"},{"source":"vote","date":"2026-01-05","billNumber":"PN121","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/121"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_R000618_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 3 Energy stocks (CVX, VLO, XOM) — senator cast 4 Energy-related votes","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 3 Energy stocks — CVX, VLO, XOM — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 4 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["CVX","VLO","XOM"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Nomination","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-17","billNumber":"PN6452","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/6452"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-04","billNumber":"HJRES131","question":"On the Joint Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/131"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_R000618_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 8 Finance stocks (SCHW, FIS, JPM, MA, BAC, BLK, GS, MS) — senator cast 1 Finance-related vote","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 8 Finance stocks — SCHW, FIS, JPM, MA, BAC, BLK, GS, MS — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2024). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["SCHW","FIS","JPM","MA","BAC","BLK","GS","MS"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-11","billNumber":"S3385","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3385"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P65_R000618_2023-09-21","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"25 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-09-21 — 25 unique tickers","explanation":"Pete Ricketts executed 25 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-09-21 to 2023-09-21), spanning 25 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-09-21","windowEnd":"2023-09-21","tradeCount":25,"uniqueTickers":25,"totalDisclosedTrades":25,"sampleTickers":["ADP","CUBE","MDT","MCD","KO","PLD","JNJ","CF","VZ","PM"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_R000618","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 17 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at Chicago Cubs Charities Chicago, IL","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 17 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Chicago Cubs Charities Chicago, IL (Nonprofit Organization); Other (Director Emeritus) at Bellevue University Bellevue, NE (Educational Organization); Director at Lumen Christi Institute Chicago, IL (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":17,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Dec 2009 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Chicago Cubs Charities Chicago, IL","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jul 2008 to present","role":"Other (Director Emeritus)","entity":"Bellevue University Bellevue, NE","entityType":"Educational Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2013 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Lumen Christi Institute Chicago, IL","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2012 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Mid-America Council of Boy Scouts of America Omaha, NE","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2023 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Nebraska Game and Parks Foundation Omaha, NE","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2009 to present","role":"Other (Non-voting board member)","entity":"Opportunity Education Foundation Omaha, NE","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Dec 2001 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"2001 Grandchildren's Trust FBO Eleanor Elaine Ricketts Omaha, NE","entityType":"Trust"},{"dates":"Dec 2001 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"2001 Grandchildren's Trust FBO Margot Elizabeth Ricketts Omaha, NE","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/355ca0f6-a3d6-4d82-bb2f-d35283c4404d/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/355ca0f6-a3d6-4d82-bb2f-d35283c4404d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_R000618","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$38,263 in outside earned income — top source: Northside Entertainment Holdings LLC Chicago, IL ($$38,263.00)","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $38,263 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Northside Entertainment Holdings LLC Chicago, IL ($38,263.00, Other (Taxable Income)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":38263,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Taxable Income)","source":"Northside Entertainment Holdings LLC Chicago, IL","amount":"$38,263.00","amountNumeric":38263}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/355ca0f6-a3d6-4d82-bb2f-d35283c4404d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_R000618_2024","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Acquired 46 new ticker holdings in 2024 not present in prior PFD filings — including PDCE, PM, PLUG, PG, CRM, SRPT","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 46 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: PDCE, PM, PLUG, PG, CRM, SRPT, TMO, ULTA, UPS, VLO, WMT, DASH.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2024,"count":46,"newTickers":["PDCE","PM","PLUG","PG","CRM","SRPT","TMO","ULTA","UPS","VLO","WMT","DASH"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_R000618","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 19 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 44 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Pete Ricketts appears in 19 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 44 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 19 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (11); reg rule trade proximity (6); lobbying timeline trade (4); spouse holding industry vote (4); pfd holding voted industry (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":19,"totalFindings":44,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":11},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","count":4},{"type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","count":3},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000618","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_R000618_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 108 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including MMM, ABT, ABBV, AES, AFL, AGCO","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 108 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: MMM, ABT, ABBV, AES, AFL, AGCO, APD, ALL, MO, DOX, AEE, AFG.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":108,"divestedTickers":["MMM","ABT","ABBV","AES","AFL","AGCO","APD","ALL","MO","DOX","AEE","AFG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_R000618","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Ricketts's campaign paid $575,471 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: RICKETTS, LAURA M. ($514,656)","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $575,471 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: RICKETTS, LAURA M. ($514,656 across 2 payments, services: STOCK RECEIVED · GIFT OF 3180 SHARES OF CHARLES SCHWAB CORP. STOCK.). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":575471.35,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, LAURA M.","total":514655.88,"count":2,"descriptions":["STOCK RECEIVED","GIFT OF 3180 SHARES OF CHARLES SCHWAB CORP. STOCK."]},{"payee":"RICKETTS, LAURA","total":44121.5,"count":1,"descriptions":["VENUE FOR FUNDRAISER"]},{"payee":"RICKETTS, HEATHER","total":16693.97,"count":1,"descriptions":["LODGING & EVENT EQUIPMENT"]}],"surname":"ricketts"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S6NE00129&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_R000618","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Ricketts named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($8.9M total receipts) — top: PETE RICKETTS VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Pete Ricketts appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $8.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: PETE RICKETTS VICTORY FUND (C00832949, $8.9M receipts, treasurer BETTGER, RICK). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":8.89,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00832949","name":"PETE RICKETTS VICTORY FUND","receipts":8894704.68,"treasurer":"BETTGER, RICK","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00832949/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00832949/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00832949/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P135_R000618","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Ricketts's earliest disclosed PFD (2023) shows $149.0M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2023) shows total assets of $149.0M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 660; earned-income on first filing: $116,143.97.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2023","totalAssetMid":149048612.5,"assetCount":660,"earnedIncome":116143.97,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16611a46-3e59-4a6c-ba1d-d51c569bbd49/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_R000618","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Ricketts disclosed 12 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL MCD $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Pete Ricketts has filed 12 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL MCD $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-09-21 · SELL KO $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-09-21 · SELL JNJ $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-09-21 · SELL PM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2023-09-21.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":12,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":1200012,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","date":"2023-09-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"KO","action":"SELL","date":"2023-09-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","date":"2023-09-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PM","action":"SELL","date":"2023-09-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","date":"2023-09-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","action":"SELL","date":"2023-09-21","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_R000618","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Ricketts triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Pete Ricketts accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 25 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":25}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P169_R000618_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Ricketts's 2025 PFD initiated 15 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: DFGBX ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Pete Ricketts's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 15 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: DFGBX ($250,001 - $500,000) · DUHP ($100,001 - $250,000) · MBB ($250,001 - $500,000) · MUB ($250,001 - $500,000) · VEA ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":15,"holdings":[{"ticker":"DFGBX","asset":"DFGBX - Dfa Five-Year Global Fixed Income Portfolio","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"DUHP","asset":"DUHP - Dimensional US High Profitability ETF","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MBB","asset":"MBB - iShares MBS ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MUB","asset":"MUB - iShares National Muni Bond ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"VEA","asset":"VEA - Vanguard FTSE Developed Markets ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"VWO","asset":"VWO - Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"VO","asset":"VO - Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"VB","asset":"Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund ETF Shares (VB)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/355ca0f6-a3d6-4d82-bb2f-d35283c4404d/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/355ca0f6-a3d6-4d82-bb2f-d35283c4404d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2eb83de2-c457-4a61-a902-7810952db2d1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NE_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NE delegation: Pete Ricketts & Deb Fischer both flagged on 16 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NE — Pete Ricketts and Deb Fischer — are flagged on the same 16 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P6, P10, P18, P19, P29, P36, P37, P42.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NE","juniorSenatorBid":"F000463","juniorSenatorName":"Deb Fischer","sharedDetectorCount":16,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P10","P18","P19","P29","P36","P37","P42","P43","P53","P54","P64","P74","P79","P90","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000618","https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000463"]},{"id":"P178_R000618_2023-09-21","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Ricketts — 25 trades on 2023-09-21","explanation":"Pete Ricketts disclosed 25 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-09-21). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-09-21","count":25}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"H001104":[{"id":"P6_H001104_uu63ci","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$577,776 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from SLF PAC","explanation":"SLF PAC spent $577,776 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 8 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00571703","name":"SLF PAC","support":577775.9500000001,"oppose":0,"events":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571703/"]},{"id":"P6_H001104_ucgyvy","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$545,743 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (A","explanation":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action spent $545,743 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 6 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00687103","name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc. (AFP Action) DBA CVA Action and DBA LIBRE Action","support":545742.52,"oppose":0,"events":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00687103/"]},{"id":"P6_H001104_tgmpp9","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$250,341 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Win it Back PAC","explanation":"Win it Back PAC spent $250,341 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 2 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00844613","name":"Win it Back PAC","support":250340.91,"oppose":0,"events":2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844613/"]},{"id":"P10_H001104_igytus","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,127,898 / spent $646,520","explanation":"This member sponsors 1 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00896688","cmteName":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY NOW POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","year":"2026","totalReceipts":1127897.5,"totalDisbursements":646520.4,"cashOnHand":481377.14}],"totalRaised":1127897.5,"totalSpent":646520.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001104_om7y4t","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -13%)","explanation":"Of $2,097,195 in itemized individual contributions, $1,719,633 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2097195,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-275210,"$200.01-$499":34321,"$500-$999":282273,"$1000-$1999":336178,"$2000 and over":1719633},"megaShare":82,"smallDonorShare":-13.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001104_uksexx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,276 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $101,276 across 63 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,822.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00896019","date":"2025-06-30","amount":101276,"count":63,"baseline":10822,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00896019/"]},{"id":"P15_H001104_ukpuz4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,300 donation spike on 2025-02-26 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-26 this committee recorded $65,300 across 30 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,767.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00896019","date":"2025-02-26","amount":65300,"count":30,"baseline":8767,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00896019/"]},{"id":"P19_H001104_l8ba8d","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jon Husted campaign paid $763,394 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Jon Husted's campaign paid 77 disbursements totaling $763,394 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","total":638179.14,"count":66,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":19920.56,"date":"2016-07-05","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":19575.12,"date":"2014-01-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONSULTING LLC","amount":17415,"date":"2010-11-30","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","total":63943.29,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":9250,"date":"2025-10-22","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":7658.45,"date":"2025-05-08","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BROGHAMER COMPLIANCE","amount":7261.18,"date":"2025-10-03","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","total":53686.11,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","amount":53686.11,"date":"2009-02-01","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BROGHAMER CONULTING LLC","total":7585.31,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BROGHAMER CONULTING LLC","amount":7585.31,"date":"2016-11-08","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"broghamer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BROGHAMER%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P29_H001104_7pl5zg","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 23 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HUSTED, Jon Allen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 23 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":678,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To prevent the deferral or rescission of appropriations within 90 days of their "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To eliminate funding for refugee and entrant assistance."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2026-01-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2026-01-27","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require institutions of higher education to disseminate information on"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001104","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Jon Husted has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P70_H001104","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 5 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Trustee at Jon Husted Trust Columbus, OH","explanation":"Jon Husted's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 5 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at Jon Husted Trust Columbus, OH (Trust); Director at Heartland Bank Columbus, OH (Corporation); Director at Innovate Ohio Columbus, OH (Other (Government)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":5,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2024 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Jon Husted Trust Columbus, OH","entityType":"Trust"},{"dates":"May 2022 to Jan 2025","role":"Director","entity":"Heartland Bank Columbus, OH","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to Jan 2025","role":"Director","entity":"Innovate Ohio Columbus, OH","entityType":"Other (Government)"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to Jan 2025","role":"Director","entity":"Governor's Office of Workforce Transformation Columbus, OH","entityType":"Other (Government)"},{"dates":"Sep 2021 to Jan 2025","role":"Other (Chair of Advisory Committee)","entity":"Cincinnati Innovation District Advisory Committee Cincinnati, OH","entityType":"Other (Committee)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_H001104","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$248,700.17 in outside earned income — top source: State of Ohio Columbus, OH ($$221,125.17)","explanation":"Jon Husted's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $248,700.17 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Ohio Columbus, OH ($221,125.17, Salary); Heartland Bank Columbus, OH ($27,575.00, Board Compensation).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":248700.17,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Ohio Columbus, OH","amount":"$221,125.17","amountNumeric":221125.17},{"owner":"Self","type":"Board Compensation","source":"Heartland Bank Columbus, OH","amount":"$27,575.00","amountNumeric":27575}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Noxsano Series A-1 Preferred Stock Company: Noxsano Inc. (Columbus, OH) Descript…","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Noxsano Series A-1 Preferred Stock Company: Noxsano Inc. (Co.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Noxsano Series A-1 Preferred Stock Company: Noxsano Inc. (Columbus, OH) Description: Medical innovaction company focused on wound care","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jon Husted discloses 7 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 7 unascertainable, 10% of 70 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 7 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 7 unascertainable) across 70 total reported assets — 10% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Ohio 529 Account Institution: College Advantage (--) · Commonwealth Brokerage Account (--) · Commonwealth Roth IRA (--) · Commonwealth SEP IRA (--) · Commonwealth IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":7,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":7,"totalAssets":70,"opaqueRatio":0.1,"samples":[{"asset":"Ohio 529 Account Institution: College Advantage","value":"--"},{"asset":"Commonwealth Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Commonwealth Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Commonwealth SEP IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Commonwealth IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jon Husted's 2025 PFD: 41 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (58% of 71 reported assets)","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 41 reported holdings owned by Spouse (40), Joint (1), or Dependent (0) — 58% of 71 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Heartland Bank (Columbus, OH) Type: Checking, Savings · Spouse: NWS Investors I LLC Company: NWS Investors I LLC (Columbus, OH) Description: Tit · Spouse: Caliber Title Holding, LLC Company: Caliber Title Holding, LLC (Columbus, OH) De · Spouse: GDR Concepts I, LLC Company: G.D. Ritzy's Restaurant (Columbus, OH) Description:.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":40,"Joint":1,"Dependent":0,"Self":29},"totalAssets":71,"familyShare":0.577,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Heartland Bank (Columbus, OH) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"NWS Investors I LLC Company: NWS Investors I LLC (Columbus, OH) Description: Tit","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Caliber Title Holding, LLC Company: Caliber Title Holding, LLC (Columbus, OH) De","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"GDR Concepts I, LLC Company: G.D. Ritzy's Restaurant (Columbus, OH) Description:","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Ohio 529 Account Institution: College Advantage","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P103_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Heartland Bank Columbus, OH","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Director · Heartland Bank Columbus, OH (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Heartland Bank Columbus, OH","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"May 2022 to Jan 2025"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Husted\" — top: Jon Husted Trust Columbus, OH","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Husted\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Jon Husted Trust Columbus, OH (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Husted","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"position","entry":"Jon Husted Trust Columbus, OH","position":"Trustee"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted holds 1 ticker on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — INTC ($8.5M)","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $8.5M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: INTC ($8.5M, 25 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalLobbyAcrossM":8.47,"holdings":[{"ticker":"INTC","totalLobby":8475000,"recordCount":25,"topClient":"INTEL CORPORATION"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — INTC (9,381)","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 9,381 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: INTC (9,381 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":9381,"holdings":[{"ticker":"INTC","patentCount":9381,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P109_H001104","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($7.3M total receipts) — top: TEAM HUSTED","explanation":"Jon Husted appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $7.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM HUSTED (C00896928, $7.3M receipts, treasurer BROGHAMER, KEVIN). Active years: 1, first seen 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":7.26,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00896928","name":"TEAM HUSTED","receipts":7257757.19,"treasurer":"BROGHAMER, KEVIN","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00896928/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00896928/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00896928/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P147_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted's 2025 PFD reports earned income $252K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Street Sotheby's International Realty)","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $251,700.17 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Spouse: Commissions from Street Sotheby's International Realty (> $1,000) · Self: Salary from State of Ohio Columbus, ($221,125.17) · Self: Board Compensation from Heartland Bank Columbus, OH ($27,575.00) · Spouse: Salary from A.R.T. Squared Columbus, OH (> $1,000). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":251700.17,"earnedIncomeK":252,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Commissions","payer":"Street Sotheby's International Realty Columbus, OH","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"State of Ohio Columbus, OH","amount":"$221,125.17"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Heartland Bank Columbus, OH","amount":"$27,575.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"A.R.T. Squared Columbus, OH","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Wages","payer":"Upper Arlington City School District Upper Arlington, OH","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P161_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: LifePath Index 2035 Fund N.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"LifePath Index 2035 Fund N","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_OH_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"OH delegation: Jon Husted & Bernie Moreno both flagged on 15 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from OH — Jon Husted and Bernie Moreno — are flagged on the same 15 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P6, P10, P11, P15, P19, P29, P36, P70.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"OH","otherSenatorBid":"M001242","otherSenatorName":"Bernie Moreno","sharedDetectorCount":15,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P6","P10","P11","P15","P19","P29","P36","P70","P81","P83","P87","P103","P104","P109","P161"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001104","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001242"]},{"id":"P173_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_H001104_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted — 37 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Jon Husted's 2025 Senate PFD shows 37 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":37,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d2fcd4a-e7cd-49c4-a440-8a7de7b23de4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_H001104","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Husted — DW-NOMINATE 0.67 vs OH delegation mean 0.08 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Jon Husted's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.67) is 1.5 standard deviations from the OH delegation mean (0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OH","memberScore":0.669,"delegationMean":0.08442465753424659,"zscore":"1.51"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M001245":[{"id":"P6_M001245_tgk761","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,564,215 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Protect Progress","explanation":"Protect Progress spent $1,564,215 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 4 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00848440","name":"Protect Progress","support":1564214.61,"oppose":0,"events":4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00848440/"]},{"id":"P6_M001245_tgngec","pattern_type":"P6_IE_SUPPORT_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$286,584 in independent expenditures SUPPORTING member from Leaders We Deserve","explanation":"Leaders We Deserve spent $286,584 on ads/outreach supporting this member across 19 events.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","cmteId":"C00843110","name":"Leaders We Deserve","support":286584.18,"oppose":0,"events":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00843110/"]},{"id":"P31_M001245_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Outside groups spent $1,957,779 supporting member — 5.1× their own $387,317 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 5.1×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":1957778.6700000004,"events":36},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":387317},{"source":"ratio","ratio":5.05},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Protect Progress","support":1564214.61},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Leaders We Deserve","support":286584.18},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC","support":100000}],"citations":[]}],"W000806":[{"id":"P7_W000806_yjcd1s","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,750,287 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,750,287 opposing this member across 65 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2750286.539999999,"totalSupport":86027.25,"events":65,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":1442820.85},{"name":"Independence USA PAC","oppose":373580.66},{"name":"CLUB FOR GROWTH ACTION","oppose":249706.12},{"name":"SEIU COPE (Service Employees International Union Committee On Political Education)","oppose":223361.42},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":223307.54}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000806_o854hr","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$12,695 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $12,695 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":28731.68,"oppose":16036.630000000001,"net":12695.05,"events":27,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":20830.24,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":15140.050000000001,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":7027.18,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":0,"oppose":850,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":471.57000000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_W000806_7tlxam","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $173,601 / spent $164,108","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00525592","cmteName":"COOL PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":15000,"totalDisbursements":500,"cashOnHand":14500},{"cmteId":"C00525592","cmteName":"COOL PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":44351,"totalDisbursements":32982.8,"cashOnHand":25868.2},{"cmteId":"C00525592","cmteName":"COOL PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":32500,"totalDisbursements":54400,"cashOnHand":3968.2},{"cmteId":"C00525592","cmteName":"COOL PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":1500,"cashOnHand":7468.2},{"cmteId":"C00525592","cmteName":"COOL PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":15000,"totalDisbursements":500,"cashOnHand":21968.2}],"totalRaised":173601,"totalSpent":164107.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000806_amxnns","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,000 donation spike on 2012-11-03 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-11-03 this committee recorded $98,000 across 46 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,430.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00481911","date":"2012-11-03","amount":98000,"count":46,"baseline":11430,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00481911/"]},{"id":"P19_W000806_1wf839","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Daniel Webster campaign paid $15,664,950 to 29 surname-matched vendors, top: DERBY H WATKINS","explanation":"Daniel Webster's campaign paid 178 disbursements totaling $15,664,950 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DERBY H WATKINS","total":4954981.5200000005,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":361365.98,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":347098.82,"date":"2019-11-06","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":326266.06,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","total":2783587.7900000024,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100533.35,"date":"2018-11-08","description":"MAINT CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100369.91,"date":"2023-11-29","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100369.91,"date":"2023-09-29","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS SECURITY AGENCY","total":1680234.1800000002,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY AGENCY","amount":132299.83,"date":"2025-04-10","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY AGENCY","amount":132299.83,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY AGENCY","amount":132299.83,"date":"2025-01-17","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LATHAM & WATKINS LLP","total":1447909.86,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"LATHAM & WATKINS LLP","amount":558572.53,"date":"2025-05-12","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LATHAM & WATKINS LLP","amount":443714.93,"date":"2025-07-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LATHAM & WATKINS LLP","amount":123981.3,"date":"2025-08-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEBSTER BANK","total":1331547.5,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"WEBSTER BANK","amount":182474.79,"date":"2008-03-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"webster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WEBSTER BANK","amount":180743.31,"date":"2008-03-14","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"webster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WEBSTER BANK","amount":176465.47,"date":"2008-02-28","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"webster","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS, DERBY H","total":773838.9199999999,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY H","amount":410330,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY H","amount":363508.92,"date":"2016-09-19","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DERBY%20H%20WATKINS"]},{"id":"P61_W000806","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $40,000","explanation":"Daniel Webster received campaign contributions totaling $40,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); PUBLIX SUPER MARKETS ($5,000); TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION ($5,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":40000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMM. PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PUBLIX SUPER MARKETS, INC. ASSOCIATES PAC","ldaClient":"PUBLIX SUPER MARKETS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION'S TIAPAC","ldaClient":"TRANSPORTATION INTERMEDIARIES ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_W000806","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Daniel Webster's campaign paid $520,130 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: WEBSTER STRATEGIES ($199,878)","explanation":"Daniel Webster's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 32 payments totaling $520,130 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WEBSTER STRATEGIES ($199,878 across 14 payments, services: WEB SITE CONSULTANT · WEBSITE CONSULTING SERVICES · INTERNET WEBSITE CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":520130.0899999999,"paymentCount":32,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WEBSTER STRATEGIES","total":199877.58000000002,"count":14,"descriptions":["WEB SITE CONSULTANT","WEBSITE CONSULTING SERVICES","INTERNET WEBSITE CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"WEBSTER, CHAMBERLIN & BEAN","total":83969.22,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"WEBSTER AND ASSOCIATES","total":80000,"count":4,"descriptions":["MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT COST","MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT","ENTERTAINMENT COST"]},{"payee":"WEBSTER & ASSOCIATES","total":67969.95999999999,"count":5,"descriptions":["EVENT ENTERTAINMENT"]},{"payee":"WEBSTER BANK","total":28736.25,"count":3,"descriptions":["CREDIT CARD PAYMENT - BELOW IF ITEMIZED"]}],"surname":"webster"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0FL08208&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_W000806","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel Webster draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.6M PAC / $17.4M total)","explanation":"Daniel Webster's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.6M of $17.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.59,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.4,"pacSharePct":32.1,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0FL08208"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL08208/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001240":[{"id":"P7_M001240_5sjj17","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,148,605 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,148,605 opposing this member across 180 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4148604.5299999984,"totalSupport":347709.12,"events":180,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE","oppose":2547113.3200000003},{"name":"Michigan Republican Party","oppose":774609.53},{"name":"Crossroads Grassroots Policy Strategies","oppose":498198.58999999997},{"name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND","oppose":309956.57},{"name":"AMERICANS FOR LIMITED GOVERNMENT","oppose":17200.27}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001240_lntgcu","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,703 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $73,703 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":73702.53,"oppose":0,"net":73702.53,"events":36,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":23089.03,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":20512,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","support":9689.49,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":6834.02,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":5864,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001240_jkh2g6","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $137,165 / spent $120,377","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00874362","cmteName":"AMERICAN DREAM DELIVERED","year":"2024","totalReceipts":16020,"totalDisbursements":13003.6,"cashOnHand":3016.38},{"cmteId":"C00874362","cmteName":"AMERICAN DREAM DELIVERED","year":"2026","totalReceipts":121145.1,"totalDisbursements":107373.8,"cashOnHand":16787.68}],"totalRaised":137165.1,"totalSpent":120377.40000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001240_w2ipw3","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $1,103,059 in itemized individual contributions, $790,054 (72%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1103059,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-7519,"$200.01-$499":31021,"$500-$999":71967,"$1000-$1999":217536,"$2000 and over":790054},"megaShare":71.6,"smallDonorShare":-0.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001240_n5fby6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,353 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $52,353 across 28 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,251.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00860064","date":"2025-06-30","amount":52353,"count":28,"baseline":6251,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00860064/"]},{"id":"P19_M001240_djyhdv","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Addison McDowell campaign paid $8,715,027 to 36 surname-matched vendors, top: PATTON BOGGS, LLP","explanation":"Addison McDowell's campaign paid 136 disbursements totaling $8,715,027 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PATTON BOGGS, LLP","total":1920139.3199999998,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS, LLP","amount":350000,"date":"2012-12-28","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS, LLP","amount":255835,"date":"2009-01-08","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS, LLP","amount":246790,"date":"2009-05-29","description":"RECOUNT-LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PATTON-KIEHL GROUP, INC.","total":1801563.6300000001,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"PATTON-KIEHL GROUP, INC.","amount":294771.03,"date":"2010-08-19","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PATTON-KIEHL GROUP, INC.","amount":226417.9,"date":"2010-08-12","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PATTON-KIEHL GROUP, INC.","amount":163795.88,"date":"2010-08-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PATTON KIEHL","total":1262154.1400000004,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"PATTON KIEHL","amount":250124.42,"date":"2010-02-02","description":"GENERIC CMTE. POSTAGE/DELIVERY","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PATTON KIEHL","amount":211660.43,"date":"2010-06-02","description":"GENERIC CMTE. POSTAGE/DELIVERY","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PATTON KIEHL","amount":134002,"date":"2010-02-02","description":"GENERIC CMTE. POSTAGE/DELIVERY","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PATTON BOGGS LLP","total":947095.5500000002,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS LLP","amount":89297.04,"date":"2012-08-24","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS LLP","amount":60708.57,"date":"2003-10-31","description":"CONSULTING SERVICES - LEGAL","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS LLP","amount":60693.39,"date":"2004-09-23","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PATTON BOGGS","total":516601.08999999997,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS","amount":100000,"date":"2013-06-25","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS","amount":100000,"date":"2012-12-03","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"PATTON BOGGS","amount":59753.55,"date":"2013-04-05","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS (US) LLP","total":441826.04000000004,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS (US) LLP","amount":153750.52,"date":"2023-04-13","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS (US) LLP","amount":125000,"date":"2022-04-25","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS (US) LLP","amount":50000,"date":"2022-02-25","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"patton","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=PATTON%20BOGGS"]},{"id":"P26_M001240_b7jgno","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 20 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Addison McDowell's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"French Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce, Inc., New York","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"German-American Chamber of Commerce of Chicago","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Dominican Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P35_M001240_x91pen","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michigan Republican Party both supported ($5,362) and opposed ($774,610) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Addison McDowell advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00041160","name":"Michigan Republican Party","support":5362.45,"oppose":774609.53,"events":98}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00041160/"]},{"id":"P36_M001240","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"Addison McDowell has findings in 8 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":8,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_M001240_Transylvania_County_North_Caro_117940","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Transylvania County, North Carolina testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Addison McDowell sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management, which on 2025-03-25 held a hearing titled \"\"Reforming FEMA: Bringing Common Sense Back to Federal Emergency Management\"\". The witness Ms. Jamie Laughter (Transylvania County, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management","eventId":"117940","title":"\"Reforming FEMA: Bringing Common Sense Back to Federal Emergency Management\"","date":"2025-03-25T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Jamie Laughter","witnessOrg":"Transylvania County, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117940"},{"source":"donor","name":"BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD OF NORTH CAROLINA EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20AND%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20NORTH%20CAROLINA%20EMPLOYEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117940","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20AND%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20NORTH%20CAROLINA%20EMPLOYEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_M001240_Surf_City_North_Carolina_116587","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Surf City, North Carolina testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Addison McDowell sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, which on 2023-12-13 held a hearing titled \"Proposals for a Water Resources Development Act of 2024: Stakeholder Priorities\". The witness The Honorable Teresa Batts (Surf City, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","eventId":"116587","title":"Proposals for a Water Resources Development Act of 2024: Stakeholder Priorities","date":"2023-12-13T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Teresa Batts","witnessOrg":"Surf City, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116587"},{"source":"donor","name":"BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD OF NORTH CAROLINA EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20AND%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20NORTH%20CAROLINA%20EMPLOYEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116587","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20AND%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20NORTH%20CAROLINA%20EMPLOYEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_M001240_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Addison McDowell sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD OF NORTH CAROLINA EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20AND%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20NORTH%20CAROLINA%20EMPLOYEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLUE%20CROSS%20AND%20BLUE%20SHIELD%20OF%20NORTH%20CAROLINA%20EMPLOYEE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_M001240_National_Association_of_Home_B_115291","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Addison McDowell sits on House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, which on 2023-02-08 held a hearing titled \"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of the Biden Administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) Rule\". The witness Ms. Alicia Huey (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment","eventId":"115291","title":"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Impacts of the Biden Administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) Rule","date":"2023-02-08T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Alicia Huey","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115291"},{"source":"donor","name":"BUILD PAC OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115291","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BUILD%20PAC%20OF%20THE%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS"]},{"id":"P58_M001240","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$74K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 31% from AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","explanation":"Addison McDowell received $73,702.53 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE ($23,089.03 = 31%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":73702.53,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":44232.869999999995,"2012":29563.939999999995,"2014":90.72},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":23089.03,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM","","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":20512,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","support":9689.49,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002118/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":6834.02,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":5864,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_M001240","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $65,000","explanation":"Addison McDowell received campaign contributions totaling $65,000 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE/CENTER FOR CAPIT ($5,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":65000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ABC PAC)","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PAC (US CHAMBER PAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE/CENTER FOR CAPITAL MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD OF NORTH CAROLINA EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF SOUTH CAROLINA","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_M001240","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 15 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Addison McDowell appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 15 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (4); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":15,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":4},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001240","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_M001240","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Addison McDowell's campaign paid $87,052 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: MCDOWELL, LEILA ($33,939)","explanation":"Addison McDowell's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 13 payments totaling $87,052 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MCDOWELL, LEILA ($33,939 across 6 payments, services: SALARIES). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":87052.15000000001,"paymentCount":13,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MCDOWELL, LEILA","total":33938.57,"count":6,"descriptions":["SALARIES"]},{"payee":"ROB MCDOWELL FOR DELEGATE","total":20000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION - VA 35TH DELEGATE DIST."]},{"payee":"MCDOWELL, CHASE","total":11200,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN MANAGER SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MCDOWELL, GARY J.","total":10000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MCDOWELL FOR ARKANSAS","total":6650,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM SHEILA FALK"]}],"surname":"mcdowell"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NC06177&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M001240","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Addison McDowell draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.4M PAC / $3.9M total)","explanation":"Addison McDowell's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.4M of $3.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3.88,"pacSharePct":36.7,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4NC06177"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NC06177/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000555":[{"id":"P7_G000555_csifh7","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $611,057 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $611,057 opposing this member across 26 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":611056.54,"totalSupport":109222.23999999999,"events":26,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL HORIZON","oppose":531250},{"name":"REBUILDING NEW YORK PAC, INC.","oppose":78000},{"name":"COURAGEOUS CONSERVATIVES PAC","oppose":1806.54}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000555_p40e52","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,722 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $64,722 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":68237.24,"oppose":3515.04,"net":64722.200000000004,"events":25,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":20216.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":15626,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":14557.76,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":14140.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":0,"oppose":3515.04,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000555_b7kefh","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $8,401,748 / spent $9,055,870","explanation":"This member sponsors 12 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00477067","cmteName":"EMPIRE PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":62000,"totalDisbursements":55915.5,"cashOnHand":6084.49},{"cmteId":"C00525600","cmteName":"OFF THE SIDELINES PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":151952.2,"totalDisbursements":41137.7,"cashOnHand":110814.51},{"cmteId":"C00477067","cmteName":"EMPIRE PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":243000,"totalDisbursements":152880,"cashOnHand":96204.45},{"cmteId":"C00477067","cmteName":"EMPIRE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":394358,"totalDisbursements":318767.9,"cashOnHand":171794.57},{"cmteId":"C00477067","cmteName":"EMPIRE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":226000,"totalDisbursements":305299.2,"cashOnHand":92495.38}],"totalRaised":8401748.1,"totalSpent":9055869.899999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000555_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1988 employees of N/A gave $1,439,564 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 1988× N/A = $1,439,564. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":1988,"total":1439564,"years":["2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000555_38k6gk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,250 donation spike on 2013-10-25 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-10-25 this committee recorded $60,250 across 26 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,294.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00525600","date":"2013-10-25","amount":60250,"count":26,"baseline":9294,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00525600/"]},{"id":"P19_G000555_inn14d","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand campaign paid $13,175,633 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: GILLIBRAND 2020","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's campaign paid 138 disbursements totaling $13,175,633 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILLIBRAND 2020","total":9600000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GILLIBRAND 2020","amount":9500000,"date":"2019-01-16","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"gillibrand","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GILLIBRAND 2020","amount":100000,"date":"2019-03-29","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"gillibrand","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY","total":1564701.77,"count":46,"samples":[{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY","amount":127500,"date":"2020-02-24","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY","amount":83383.78,"date":"2014-02-06","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COM","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY","amount":77691.14,"date":"2020-03-04","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, PC","total":1304265.4799999997,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, PC","amount":230000,"date":"2020-06-26","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION - PATRICK KENNEDY","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, PC","amount":63152.11,"date":"2024-03-06","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, PC","amount":59154.94,"date":"2023-08-10","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING & COMPLIANCE","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, P.C.","total":518343.18,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, P.C.","amount":128776.42,"date":"2017-10-02","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, P.C.","amount":53615.45,"date":"2005-04-06","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES-ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VERDOLINO & LOWEY, P.C.","amount":51200.75,"date":"2014-03-11","description":"PROFESSIONAL SERVICES - ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TESELLE, JESSICA","total":91851.92,"count":41,"samples":[{"payee":"TESELLE, JESSICA","amount":2247.73,"date":"2017-07-14","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"teselle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TESELLE, JESSICA","amount":2247.73,"date":"2017-06-30","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"teselle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TESELLE, JESSICA","amount":2247.73,"date":"2017-06-15","description":"SALARIES","surnameMatched":"teselle","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HON. NITA LOWEY","total":40000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HON. NITA LOWEY","amount":20000,"date":"2002-10-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"HON. NITA LOWEY","amount":20000,"date":"2002-06-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"lowey","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GILLIBRAND%202020"]},{"id":"P25_G000555_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57% of PAC dollars ($2,623,469) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":2623468.7300000004,"share":56.8,"totalPAC":4620851.310000001,"pacCount":25},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":2623468.7300000004,"share":56.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":854771.9899999999,"share":18.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":566780,"share":12.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":414653.08999999997,"share":9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_G000555_sqqij9","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 donor PACs share treasurer \"LOWEY KEITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00768762","name":"GILLIBRAND VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"LOWEY KEITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00885210","name":"UPSTATE VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"LOWEY KEITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00880047","name":"GILLIBRAND BALDWIN SLOTKIN VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"LOWEY KEITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00867184","name":"ALSOBROOKS GILLIBRAND VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"LOWEY KEITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00864876","name":"TAKE BACK NY-3","treasurer":"LOWEY KEITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_G000555_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GILLIBRAND, Kirsten voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_G000555","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_G000555_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $5.0M — vendor also donated $409,653.09","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's campaign committee paid $5,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $409,653.09 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 12.2× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests an asymmetric relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":5000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":409653.08999999997,"count":14,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P58_G000555","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$68K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 30% from LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand received $68,237.24 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA ($20,216.76 = 30%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":68237.24,"oppose":3515.04,"byYear":{"2010":55402.96000000001,"2012":20669.32},"corpCount":11},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004171","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","support":20216.76,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004171/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":15626,"oppose":0,"types":["O",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":14557.76,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":14140.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":0,"oppose":3515.04,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004171/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000555","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $1,018,733.09","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand received campaign contributions totaling $1,018,733.09 from 8 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CORALLO MEDIA STRATEGIES INC ($566,780); AMALGAMATED BANK ($409,653.09); TAKE BACK THE COURT ACTION FUND ($17,300); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":8,"totalDollars":1018733.09,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"SCREEN STRATEGIES MEDIA","ldaClient":"CORALLO MEDIA STRATEGIES INC","donorTotal":566780,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":409653.08999999997,"exact":true},{"donorName":"TAKE BACK NY-3","ldaClient":"TAKE BACK THE COURT ACTION FUND","donorTotal":17300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P66_G000555_2025","pattern_type":"P66_PFD_RAPID_PORTFOLIO_GROWTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Disclosed assets shrank 3.0× shrink from 2024 to 2025 ($3.4M → $1.1M)","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's annual Senate financial disclosures show total disclosed assets shrank from $3,382,502 to $1,132,502 between filing year 2024 and filing year 2025 — a 3.0× shrink shift. Major year-over-year portfolio shifts indicate windfalls (inheritance, book deal, IPO, business sale), insider-information-timed gains, or strategic asset reorganization. The journalist's question: what happened that year? Cross-reference with public news, the senator's committee actions, and any amendment filings on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_growth","fromYear":2024,"toYear":2025,"fromTotalAssetMid":3382502,"toTotalAssetMid":1132502,"ratio":0.33,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_G000555","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$25,000 in outside earned income — top source: Penguin Random House Children's Books New York City, NY ($$25,000.00)","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2020) reports $25,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Penguin Random House Children's Books New York City, NY ($25,000.00, Royalties).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2020","totalIncome":25000,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"Penguin Random House Children's Books New York City, NY","amount":"$25,000.00","amountNumeric":25000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/89972d56-8912-435c-878b-5659d1d71dba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_G000555","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 15 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 15 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); employer bundling (1); daily donation spike (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":15,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/G000555","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_G000555","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand's campaign paid $34,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: GILLIBRAND SENATE FUND ($34,000)","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $34,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GILLIBRAND SENATE FUND ($34,000 across 1 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":34000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GILLIBRAND SENATE FUND","total":34000,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"gillibrand"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6NY20167&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_G000555","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.9M total receipts) — top: GILLIBRAND VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GILLIBRAND VICTORY FUND (C00768762, $2.9M receipts, treasurer LOWEY, KEITH). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.94,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00768762","name":"GILLIBRAND VICTORY FUND","receipts":2942750.8,"treasurer":"LOWEY, KEITH","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768762/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768762/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00768762/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_G000555","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand's PFD net worth grew 10.7× in 11 years — 2014 $0.11M → 2025 $1.13M (CAGR 24.1%)","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.11M in 2014 to $1.13M in 2025 — a 10.7× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 24.1%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":0.11,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":1.13,"growthFactor":10.73,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":24.08,"filingCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ca17c567-43a0-4792-8241-38c37397bf37/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ca17c567-43a0-4792-8241-38c37397bf37/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P134_G000555","pattern_type":"P134_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH_BEATS_MARKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand's PFD net worth grew 24.1% CAGR over 11 years — beats S&P 500 (~10%) by +14.1pp","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $0.11M in 2014 to $1.13M in 2025 — a 24.1% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over 11 years. The S&P 500's long-run total-return CAGR has averaged ~10%; this senator's portfolio outperformed the broad market by approximately +14.1 percentage points per year. Sustained outperformance of this magnitude is statistically rare for a buy-and-hold long-only portfolio — most professional managers underperform the index after fees. Sustained outperformance signals one or more of: (a) skilled active management with risk-on positioning during favorable cycles, (b) concentrated successful sector bets (often telegraphed by P130 sector-concentration), (c) business-deal income (book deals, board fees, consulting, executive compensation), or (d) external windfall (inheritance, real-estate appreciation in concentrated geography). The growth period is the journalist's hook — what specific filings show the inflection points?","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_market_outperformance","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":0.11,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":1.13,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":24.08,"spBenchmarkCagrPct":10,"outperformancePct":14.08,"filingCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ca17c567-43a0-4792-8241-38c37397bf37/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ca17c567-43a0-4792-8241-38c37397bf37/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_G000555","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand's PAC funding concentrates 77% in Finance ($0.41M / $0.53M classified)","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's PAC donors concentrate 77% in the Finance industry — $0.41M of $0.53M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.41M · Labor $0.09M · Transportation $0.02M · Technology $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.41,"totalPacAmountM":0.53,"concentrationPct":77,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.41,"Labor":0.09,"Transportation":0.02,"Technology":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY20167/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_G000555","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 21 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":21}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_G000555","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand operates leadership PACs with $8.4M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: EMPIRE PAC","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand operates 2 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $8.4M and disbursements of $9.1M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: EMPIRE PAC (C00477067). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":8.4,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":9.06,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00477067","cmteName":"EMPIRE PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00525600","cmteName":"OFF THE SIDELINES PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_G000555","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($8.4M combined receipts)","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $8.4M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: EMPIRE PAC (C00477067) · OFF THE SIDELINES PAC (C00525600).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.4,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00477067","cmteName":"EMPIRE PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00525600","cmteName":"OFF THE SIDELINES PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00525600/"]},{"id":"P153_G000555","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand's leadership PACs disbursed $9.1M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's leadership PACs disbursed $9.1M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: EMPIRE PAC (C00477067).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":9.06,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00477067","cmteName":"EMPIRE PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477067/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_G000555","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 898 sponsored, 5,122 cosponsored","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's congress.gov record shows 898 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":898,"cosponsoredCount":5122,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/kirsten-e.-gillibrand/G000555","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_G000555","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,122 cosponsored, 898 sponsored","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's congress.gov record shows 5,122 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5122,"sponsoredCount":898,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/kirsten-e.-gillibrand/G000555","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P166_G000555","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand's PFD net worth declined 67% year-over-year — 2024 $3.38M → 2025 $1.13M","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $3.38M in 2024 to $1.13M in 2025 — a 67% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2024","priorNetWorthM":3.38,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":1.13,"declinePct":66.52,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7ae7aae6-03bb-4d7f-a956-8adcba494f99/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7ae7aae6-03bb-4d7f-a956-8adcba494f99/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_G000555_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $1.1M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $1.1M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":1132502,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/1458b0e4-3292-47e1-ad25-90fdc21e83a0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_NY_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NY delegation: Kirsten Gillibrand & Charles “Chuck” Schumer both flagged on 14 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from NY — Kirsten Gillibrand and Charles “Chuck” Schumer — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P9, P10, P19, P25, P29, P36, P51, P58.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"NY","otherSenatorBid":"S000148","otherSenatorName":"Charles “Chuck” Schumer","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P9","P10","P19","P25","P29","P36","P51","P58","P61","P109","P110","P148","P151","P153"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000555","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000148"]},{"id":"P181_G000555","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kirsten Gillibrand — 168 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Kirsten Gillibrand sponsored 168 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":168}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001156":[{"id":"P7_S001156_gb06ul","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,772,646 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,772,646 opposing this member across 19 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3772645.6,"totalSupport":0,"events":19,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":3772645.6}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001156_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Linda Sánchez executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2025-10-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer From Massachusetts to Rhode Island","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S001156","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 4.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 14 disclosed trades, 4 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 4.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":4,"total":14,"rate":28.6},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":4.44}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_S001156","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Linda Sánchez received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_S001156","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Linda Sánchez's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Linda Sánchez's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_S001156","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Linda Sánchez ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,826 cosponsored, 247 sponsored","explanation":"Linda Sánchez's congress.gov record shows 4,826 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4826,"sponsoredCount":247,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/linda-t.-sánchez/S001156","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_S001156_SafeSchoolsImproveme","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Linda Sánchez sponsored \"Safe Schools Improvement Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Linda Sánchez has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Safe Schools Improvement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001260":[{"id":"P7_B001260_xy4hvd","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,164,891 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,164,891 opposing this member across 92 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1164890.63,"totalSupport":147061.03,"events":92,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CHANGE NOW","oppose":867963.0199999999},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":237093.67999999993},{"name":"FLORIDIANS FOR A FAIR SHAKE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","oppose":30977.91},{"name":"REINVESTING IN AMERICA 2020","oppose":14130},{"name":"Giffords PAC","oppose":12000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B001260_81o107","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$286,113 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 2 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $286,113 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":286112.61,"events":2,"byYear":{"2018":286112.61},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30002810","name":"FLORIDIANS FOR A FAIR SHAKE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":286112.61,"events":2}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001260_u8bltz","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$11,291 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $11,291 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":11847.83,"oppose":556.35,"net":11291.48,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":7370.13,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":3490.77,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":556.35,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":463.1499999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":234.04,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001260_g9idvc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Vern Buchanan campaign paid $3,171,102 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: BUCHANAN, VERNON","explanation":"Vern Buchanan's campaign paid 73 disbursements totaling $3,171,102 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","total":2268810,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2012-11-08","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND REPAY PERS","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2019-07-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN PAYMENT FROM 9/27/18","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2019-04-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN PAYMENT FROM 6/27/2018","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUCHANAN, VERNON G.","total":303290,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON G.","amount":64890,"date":"2010-11-10","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND PAYMENT ON","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON G.","amount":60000,"date":"2008-11-04","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON G.","amount":58100,"date":"2010-11-10","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND PAYMENT ON","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M","total":153920.77000000002,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M","amount":22500,"date":"2018-07-19","description":"ACCOUNTING/COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M","amount":22420.77,"date":"2023-04-21","description":"MISAPPROPRIATED FUNDS - SEE FORM 99","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M","amount":10000,"date":"2020-08-01","description":"ACCOUNTING/COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE","total":134305.75,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE","amount":10800,"date":"2023-04-03","description":"ACCOUNTING/COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE","amount":9800,"date":"2023-02-28","description":"ACCOUNTING/COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE","amount":8405.75,"date":"2015-10-16","description":"ACCOUNTING/COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUCHANAN INGERSOLL & ROONEY","total":84090.09,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN INGERSOLL & ROONEY","amount":30000,"date":"2026-01-28","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING-NON CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BUCHANAN INGERSOLL & ROONEY","amount":30000,"date":"2025-10-03","description":"NON CONTRIBUTION ACCT - STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BUCHANAN INGERSOLL & ROONEY","amount":24090.09,"date":"2022-07-07","description":"ELECTION ACTIVITIES","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUCHANAN, ANGELA M.","total":63333,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN, ANGELA M.","amount":13333,"date":"2012-11-01","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, ANGELA M.","amount":10000,"date":"2012-08-02","description":"COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, ANGELA M.","amount":10000,"date":"2012-06-08","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BUCHANAN"]},{"id":"P57_B001260","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$286K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from FLORIDIANS FOR A FAIR SHAKE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN T","explanation":"Vern Buchanan was the target of $286,112.61 in electioneering communications across 2 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was FLORIDIANS FOR A FAIR SHAKE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND ($286,112.61 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":286112.61,"events":2,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2018":286112.61}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002810","name":"FLORIDIANS FOR A FAIR SHAKE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","total":286112.61,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002810/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002810/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P90_B001260","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Vern Buchanan's campaign paid $571,504 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M ($153,921)","explanation":"Vern Buchanan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 49 payments totaling $571,504 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M ($153,921 across 13 payments, services: ACCOUNTING/COMPLIANCE SERVICES · MISAPPROPRIATED FUNDS - SEE FORM 99). Cycles covered: 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":571503.6699999999,"paymentCount":49,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M","total":153920.77000000002,"count":13,"descriptions":["ACCOUNTING/COMPLIANCE SERVICES","MISAPPROPRIATED FUNDS - SEE FORM 99"]},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE","total":134305.75,"count":16,"descriptions":["ACCOUNTING/COMPLIANCE SERVICES","COMPLIANCE SERVICES"]},{"payee":"BUCHANAN INGERSOLL & ROONEY","total":84090.09,"count":3,"descriptions":["PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING-NON CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT","NON CONTRIBUTION ACCT - STRATEGY CONSULTING","ELECTION ACTIVITIES"]},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, ANGELA M.","total":63333,"count":6,"descriptions":["STRATEGY CONSULTING","COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"ALONZO BUCHANAN JR.","total":31730,"count":3,"descriptions":["DIGITAL MEDIA CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"buchanan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6FL13148&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_B001260","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Vern Buchanan ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.7M across 22 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Vern Buchanan's FEC-bulk record shows $20.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $69.6M (PAC: $20.7M, individual: $29.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.74,"lifetimeReceiptsM":69.63,"lifetimeIndividualM":29.51,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6FL13148"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6FL13148/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_B001260","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Vern Buchanan ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $70M across 22 cycles","explanation":"Vern Buchanan's FEC-bulk record shows $69.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":69.63,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H6FL13148"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6FL13148/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_B001260_Toprovidethatratesof","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Vern Buchanan sponsored \"To provide that rates of pay for Members of Congress shall n\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Vern Buchanan has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To provide that rates of pay for Members of Congress shall not be adjusted under section 601(a)(2) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 in the year following any fiscal year in which outlays of the United States exceeded receipts of the United States."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001277":[{"id":"P7_B001277_jcoz45","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,360,326 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,360,326 opposing this member across 38 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3360325.84,"totalSupport":8.65,"events":38,"topAttackers":[{"name":"CONNECTICUT PATRIOTS PAC","oppose":2851082.83},{"name":"LEADERSHIP NOW","oppose":271375},{"name":"RESTORATION PAC","oppose":225000},{"name":"National Right to Life Political Action Committee","oppose":12868.009999999998}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P8_B001277_q6fs51","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$500,000 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 1 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $500,000 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":500000,"events":1,"byYear":{"2010":500000},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":500000,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_B001277_j9cju9","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$102,631 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $102,631 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":102630.81999999999,"oppose":0,"net":102630.81999999999,"events":39,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":37137.26999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":29771,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":25951.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":3866.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":3707,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001277_pg8ote","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $4,147,309 / spent $4,029,724","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00492983","cmteName":"NUTMEG PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":175440,"totalDisbursements":155801.9,"cashOnHand":19638.14},{"cmteId":"C00492983","cmteName":"NUTMEG PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":468058.1,"totalDisbursements":419251,"cashOnHand":68445.3},{"cmteId":"C00492983","cmteName":"NUTMEG PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":457955,"totalDisbursements":495313.3,"cashOnHand":31087.01},{"cmteId":"C00492983","cmteName":"NUTMEG PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":741887.9,"totalDisbursements":699333.7,"cashOnHand":73641.12},{"cmteId":"C00492983","cmteName":"NUTMEG PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":717619.7,"totalDisbursements":613076.3,"cashOnHand":178184.51}],"totalRaised":4147309.4,"totalSpent":4029723.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001277_t4i4qs","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $13,054,036 in itemized individual contributions, $8,407,948 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":13054036,"buckets":{"$200 and under":85485,"$200.01-$499":528057,"$500-$999":1155796,"$1000-$1999":2876750,"$2000 and over":8407948},"megaShare":64.4,"smallDonorShare":0.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001277_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10548 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,853,171 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 10548× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,853,171. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":10548,"total":2853171,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001277_xvybmc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,960 donation spike on 2021-03-04 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-04 this committee recorded $74,960 across 33 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,231.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492991","date":"2021-03-04","amount":74960,"count":33,"baseline":12231,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492991/"]},{"id":"P15_B001277_xvzlkm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,860 donation spike on 2021-01-11 — 23.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-01-11 this committee recorded $69,860 across 49 contributions — 23.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,008.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492991","date":"2021-01-11","amount":69860,"count":49,"baseline":3008,"ratio":23.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492991/"]},{"id":"P15_B001277_400aq9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,277 donation spike on 2015-02-23 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-02-23 this committee recorded $67,277 across 65 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,852.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492991","date":"2015-02-23","amount":67277,"count":65,"baseline":8852,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492991/"]},{"id":"P19_B001277_t1r1es","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Blumenthal campaign paid $8,202,319 to 21 surname-matched vendors, top: BLUMENTHAL, RICHARD HON","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal's campaign paid 106 disbursements totaling $8,202,319 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLUMENTHAL, RICHARD HON","total":4575350.7,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"BLUMENTHAL, RICHARD HON","amount":1750000,"date":"2010-11-22","description":"CONVERTING LOAN TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BLUMENTHAL, RICHARD HON","amount":1750000,"date":"2011-03-31","description":"CONVERTING LOAN TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BLUMENTHAL, RICHARD HON","amount":262882,"date":"2010-11-22","description":"CONVERTING LOAN TO CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLUMENTHAL FOR CONNECTICUT","total":2144752.34,"count":23,"samples":[{"payee":"BLUMENTHAL FOR CONNECTICUT","amount":250000,"date":"2021-09-30","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BLUMENTHAL FOR CONNECTICUT","amount":243000,"date":"2021-03-31","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BLUMENTHAL FOR CONNECTICUT","amount":228000,"date":"2021-12-22","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","total":571328,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","amount":62000,"date":"2006-05-30","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","amount":50328,"date":"2006-09-14","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","amount":34400,"date":"2010-08-02","description":"SURVEY","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BENNETT PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","total":361566,"count":16,"samples":[{"payee":"BENNETT PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","amount":27000,"date":"2006-04-28","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BENNETT PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","amount":26400,"date":"2008-08-15","description":"CONSULTING: RESEARCH SERVICES","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BENNETT PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","amount":25200,"date":"2006-07-01","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL, LLC","total":164270,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL, LLC","amount":39000,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"GENERIC CMTE. POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL, LLC","amount":24000,"date":"2004-09-10","description":"GENERIC CMTE. POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL, LLC","amount":23400,"date":"2003-07-09","description":"GENERIC CMTE. POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BENNETT POTTS AND BLUMENTHAL","total":118000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BENNETT POTTS AND BLUMENTHAL","amount":42000,"date":"2004-04-22","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BENNETT POTTS AND BLUMENTHAL","amount":34000,"date":"2004-07-09","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"BENNETT POTTS AND BLUMENTHAL","amount":21000,"date":"2003-12-18","description":"POLLING","surnameMatched":"blumenthal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BLUMENTHAL"]},{"id":"P26_B001277_va9q7q","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH, LLP FEDERAL POLITICAL COMMITTEE","total":1500,"fara_registrant":"Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P36_B001277","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P57_B001277","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$500K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal was the target of $500,000 in electioneering communications across 1 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($500,000 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":500000,"events":1,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2010":500000}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":500000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_B001277","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 36% from AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal received $102,630.82 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE ($37,137.27 = 36%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":102630.81999999999,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":103900.81999999999,"2022":1398.93},"corpCount":9},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":37137.26999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":29771,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":25951.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":3866.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":3707,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_B001277","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $105,646.78","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal received campaign contributions totaling $105,646.78 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CITIZENS BANK, N.A. ($90,646.78); THOMPSON COBURN ON BEHALF OF BED, BATH AND BEYOND  ($5,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($5,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":105646.78000000001,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"CITIZENS BANK","ldaClient":"CITIZENS BANK, N.A.","donorTotal":90646.78000000001,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THOMPSON COBURN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THOMPSON COBURN ON BEHALF OF BED, BATH AND BEYOND (FORMERLY OVERSTOCK.COM)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_B001277","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $69,860 on 2021-01-11 (23.2× normal)","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $69,860 on 2021-01-11 — 23.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":69860,"maxRatio":23.2,"maxAmount":69860},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-01-11","amount":69860,"ratio":23.2,"baselineDaily":3008,"count":49,"cmteId":"C00492991","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00492991&min_date=2021-01-11&max_date=2021-01-11"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492991/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00492991&min_date=2021-01-11&max_date=2021-01-11"]},{"id":"P63_B001277","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 79 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 79 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): NE, LON, OK, HOOD, LFT, SG, VAPO, DC, SPY, PMFLX, LTN, ADMR, KOP, IHRT, AMZN, … (64 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":79,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["NE","LON","OK","HOOD","LFT","SG","VAPO","DC","SPY","PMFLX","LTN","ADMR","KOP","IHRT","AMZN","INTC","MSFT","ADM","RADI","OLO","SERA","KDP","LO","SERS","KHC"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P78_B001277","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Triggers 15 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 17 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal appears in 15 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 17 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 15 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (3); ie attack target (1); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":15,"totalFindings":17,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/B001277","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_B001277_2016","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Blumenthal filed 3 amendments to the 2016 Senate annual disclosure — 22 total amendments across 5 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Richard Blumenthal's Senate eFD record shows 3 amendments to the 2016 report alone, with 22 amendments across 5 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2016,"amendmentCount":3,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":22,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":5,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/60d571eb-8068-47cf-a405-162b6d7c53fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/90def57b-0250-406c-8257-81ee6360e36e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/db0b0383-6760-4167-b03d-70e4150ac488/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/60d571eb-8068-47cf-a405-162b6d7c53fd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/90def57b-0250-406c-8257-81ee6360e36e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_B001277","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Blumenthal's campaign paid $1,294,805 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL ($571,328)","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 51 payments totaling $1,294,805 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL ($571,328 across 21 payments, services: POLLING · SURVEY · POLLING SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1294805.1600000001,"paymentCount":51,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BENNETT, PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","total":571328,"count":21,"descriptions":["POLLING","SURVEY","POLLING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"BENNETT PETTS & BLUMENTHAL","total":361566,"count":16,"descriptions":["POLLING","CONSULTING: RESEARCH SERVICES","CAMPAIGN RESEARCH"]},{"payee":"BENNETT POTTS AND BLUMENTHAL","total":118000,"count":4,"descriptions":["POLLING"]},{"payee":"BENNETT PETTS AND BLUMENTHAL","total":94520.5,"count":4,"descriptions":["RESEARCH","POLLING"]},{"payee":"BENNETT, PETTS, AND BLUMENTHAL","total":42690.880000000005,"count":2,"descriptions":["SURVEY & FOCUS GROUPS","POLLING"]}],"surname":"blumenthal"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0CT00177&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_B001277","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Blumenthal filed 32 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 169 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Richard Blumenthal has filed 32 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 169 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2013 (169d late, filed 10/31/2013) · 2014 (160d late, filed 10/22/2014) · 2011 (159d late, filed 10/21/2011) · 2010 (152d late, filed 10/14/2010).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":32,"maxDaysLate":169,"samples":[{"year":2013,"filingDate":"10/31/2013","daysLate":169,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5D2B5788-E628-4B03-B09C-CD0C0C63DE2C/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"10/22/2014","daysLate":160,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/43287D09-DAA3-407A-954E-9D840D380868/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2011,"filingDate":"10/21/2011","daysLate":159,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/24C5A140-3451-4EF7-A2BD-2232310D4157/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"10/14/2010","daysLate":152,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/84A9621F-0E4E-431C-8D05-F574951570F7/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5D2B5788-E628-4B03-B09C-CD0C0C63DE2C/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/43287D09-DAA3-407A-954E-9D840D380868/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/24C5A140-3451-4EF7-A2BD-2232310D4157/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P109_B001277","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Blumenthal named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.3M total receipts) — top: BLUMENTHAL VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: BLUMENTHAL VICTORY FUND (C00766790, $3.3M receipts, treasurer ZAMORE, JUDITH). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.33,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00766790","name":"BLUMENTHAL VICTORY FUND","receipts":3334526.15,"treasurer":"ZAMORE, JUDITH","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00766790/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00766790/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00766790/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_B001277","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Blumenthal's PAC funding concentrates 63% in Finance ($0.09M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal's PAC donors concentrate 63% in the Finance industry — $0.09M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.09M · Technology $0.04M · Legal $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M · Labor $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":63.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.09,"Technology":0.04,"Legal":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CT00177/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P157_B001277","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Blumenthal ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,067 sponsored, 6,117 cosponsored","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal's congress.gov record shows 1,067 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1067,"cosponsoredCount":6117,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-blumenthal/B001277","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_B001277","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Blumenthal ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,117 cosponsored, 1,067 sponsored","explanation":"Richard Blumenthal's congress.gov record shows 6,117 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6117,"sponsoredCount":1067,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-blumenthal/B001277","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P172_CT_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"CT delegation: Richard Blumenthal & Christopher Murphy both flagged on 14 shared detector types (9 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from CT — Richard Blumenthal and Christopher Murphy — are flagged on the same 14 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 9 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P7, P8, P9, P10, P14, P15, P19, P36.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"CT","juniorSenatorBid":"M001169","juniorSenatorName":"Christopher Murphy","sharedDetectorCount":14,"sharedHighCount":9,"sharedDetectors":["P7","P8","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P36","P57","P58","P82","P90","P93","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001277","https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001169"]}],"L000596":[{"id":"P7_L000596_a6nvds","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $6,277,827 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $6,277,827 opposing this member across 32 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":6277826.7700000005,"totalSupport":118952.45,"events":32,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Progress Pinellas","oppose":4796223.010000001},{"name":"STAND FOR FL","oppose":1481603.76}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_L000596_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13768 employees of RETIRED gave $1,981,891 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 13768× RETIRED = $1,981,891. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":13768,"total":1981891,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000596_dirzlh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,851 donation spike on 2022-10-19 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-10-19 this committee recorded $78,851 across 171 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,679.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718239","date":"2022-10-19","amount":78851,"count":171,"baseline":9679,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718239/"]},{"id":"P29_L000596_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LUNA, Anna voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":376,"date":"2026-01-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of (H.R. 2988) Protecting Prudent Investment of Reti"}],"citations":[]}],"S001205":[{"id":"P7_S001205_n6i2kh","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $8,102,455 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $8,102,455 opposing this member across 165 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":8102455.21,"totalSupport":184909.43000000005,"events":165,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":8102455.21}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001205_8zgfat","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$19,293 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $19,293 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AFSCME COUNCIL 13.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":19293.4,"oppose":0,"net":19293.4,"events":24,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004874","name":"AFSCME COUNCIL 13","support":7651,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":5952.4400000000005,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":5083.33,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006176","name":"UFCW LOCAL 1776KS","support":606.63,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001205_8i804o","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $612,366 / spent $716,944","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00699421","cmteName":"A WOMAN'S PLACE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":477881.2,"totalDisbursements":571432.7,"cashOnHand":11243.24},{"cmteId":"C00699421","cmteName":"A WOMAN'S PLACE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":90467.5,"totalDisbursements":100944.1,"cashOnHand":766.62},{"cmteId":"C00699421","cmteName":"A WOMAN'S PLACE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":44017,"totalDisbursements":44567.1,"cashOnHand":216.48}],"totalRaised":612365.7,"totalSpent":716943.8999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001205_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mary Gay Scanlon executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEG","date":"2023-05-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Canada Limited Partnership (Type Certificate Previously Held by C Series Aircraft Limit","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-04-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001205_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mary Gay Scanlon executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2021-02-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Rules of Practice To Allocate the Burden of Persuasion on Motions To Amend in Trial Proceedings Before the Patent Trial ","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2021-01-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001205_uc6e4p","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mary Gay Scanlon campaign paid $659,903 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: SELTZER CAPLAN MCMAHON VITEK","explanation":"Mary Gay Scanlon's campaign paid 55 disbursements totaling $659,903 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SELTZER CAPLAN MCMAHON VITEK","total":287904.99,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"SELTZER CAPLAN MCMAHON VITEK","amount":66162.5,"date":"2018-02-06","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SELTZER CAPLAN MCMAHON VITEK","amount":48009.19,"date":"2017-09-14","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SELTZER CAPLAN MCMAHON VITEK","amount":36413.88,"date":"2019-08-30","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCANLON, MARY GAY","total":245000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"SCANLON, MARY GAY","amount":100000,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"scanlon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SCANLON, MARY GAY","amount":50000,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"REMAINDER OF CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"scanlon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SCANLON, MARY GAY","amount":30000,"date":"2023-03-31","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN FORGIVEN","surnameMatched":"scanlon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SELTZER, BEN","total":47795.10999999999,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SELTZER, BEN","amount":5060.18,"date":"2022-07-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SELTZER, BEN","amount":3172.23,"date":"2023-01-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SELTZER, BEN","amount":3172.23,"date":"2023-01-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'SCANLON AND CASAGRANDE FOR A","total":13760,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"O'SCANLON AND CASAGRANDE FOR A","amount":7260,"date":"2009-10-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"scanlon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"O'SCANLON AND CASAGRANDE FOR A","amount":6500,"date":"2009-10-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"scanlon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SELTZER, HALLIE","total":11200,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SELTZER, HALLIE","amount":3600,"date":"2024-08-30","description":"ADVANCE LOGISTICS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SELTZER, HALLIE","amount":2800,"date":"2024-11-01","description":"ADVANCE LOGISTICS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"SELTZER, HALLIE","amount":2400,"date":"2024-11-19","description":"ADVANCE LOGISTICS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"seltzer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCANLON, SHANE","total":9471,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SCANLON, SHANE","amount":9471,"date":"2020-09-02","description":"REIMBURSEMENT OF RUMBLE UP TEXTING CHARGES 08/25 - 08/28","surnameMatched":"scanlon","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SELTZER%20CAPLAN%20MCMAHON%20VITEK"]},{"id":"P43_S001205_DOW_20210212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DOW 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mary Gay Scanlon sell $DOW 4 days before a corporate insider (SAMPSON JOHN MAURICE  (CIK 0001655048)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DOW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DOW","filer":"SAMPSON JOHN MAURICE  (CIK 0001655048)","filingDate":"2021-02-16","adsh":"0001751788-21-000034"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001205_IFF_20210212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IFF 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mary Gay Scanlon sell $IFF 7 days before a corporate insider (Johnson Jennifer Amy  (CIK 0001844366)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IFF","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IFF","filer":"Johnson Jennifer Amy  (CIK 0001844366)","filingDate":"2021-02-19","adsh":"0001225208-21-003222"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001205_EXC_20230523","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EXC 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mary Gay Scanlon sell $EXC 10 days before a corporate insider (Hearn Walter  (CIK 0001966590)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXC","filer":"Hearn Walter  (CIK 0001966590)","filingDate":"2023-06-02","adsh":"0001214659-23-008262"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_S001205","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $147,300","explanation":"Mary Gay Scanlon received campaign contributions totaling $147,300 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTW ($10,000); UNITE HERE! ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":147300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SELECT MEDICAL CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"SELECT MEDICAL HOLDINGS CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER IUPAT","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (IBEW PAC)","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S001205","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mary Gay Scanlon's campaign paid $32,814 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: O'SCANLON AND CASAGRANDE FOR A ($13,760)","explanation":"Mary Gay Scanlon's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $32,814 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: O'SCANLON AND CASAGRANDE FOR A ($13,760 across 2 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":32814.42,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"O'SCANLON AND CASAGRANDE FOR A","total":13760,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"SCANLON, THOMAS J.","total":6997.16,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"ANNA SCANLON","total":6057.26,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"SCANLON, MEGHAN","total":6000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONSULTING SERVICES"]}],"surname":"scanlon"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8PA07200&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_S001205","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mary Gay Scanlon draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.8M PAC / $14.6M total)","explanation":"Mary Gay Scanlon's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.8M of $14.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.85,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.61,"pacSharePct":33.2,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8PA07200"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA07200/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_S001205","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mary Gay Scanlon's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.18M classified)","explanation":"Mary Gay Scanlon's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.18M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.04M · Healthcare $0.01M · Energy $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.18,"concentrationPct":39.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.04,"Healthcare":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA07200/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"M001176":[{"id":"P7_M001176_x0ix4v","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $4,481,579 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $4,481,579 opposing this member across 49 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":4481578.959999999,"totalSupport":150619.41,"events":49,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DEMOCRATIC SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","oppose":3111947.42},{"name":"Freedom Partners Action Fund, Inc.","oppose":1020015.48},{"name":"AMERICAN FUTURE FUND POLITICAL ACTION","oppose":165000},{"name":"OPPORTUNITY ALLIANCE PAC","oppose":125000},{"name":"CONSERVATIVE MAJORITY FUND","oppose":46978.04000000001}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001176_jin5pf","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,334 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $66,334 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":66333.89999999998,"oppose":0,"net":66333.89999999998,"events":49,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":24805.160000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":15222,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":10748.55,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004569","name":"HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN","support":7668.75,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":3772.6800000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M001176_1ig2i4","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $9,303,844 / spent $9,057,725","explanation":"This member sponsors 19 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00460972","cmteName":"BLUE WAVE PROJECT","year":"2010","totalReceipts":133039.3,"totalDisbursements":119210.4,"cashOnHand":13828.97},{"cmteId":"C00460972","cmteName":"BLUE WAVE PROJECT","year":"2012","totalReceipts":201195.6,"totalDisbursements":205948.6,"cashOnHand":9076.05},{"cmteId":"C00460972","cmteName":"BLUE WAVE PROJECT","year":"2014","totalReceipts":257153.6,"totalDisbursements":264674.6,"cashOnHand":1555.02},{"cmteId":"C00460972","cmteName":"BLUE WAVE PROJECT","year":"2016","totalReceipts":534046.6,"totalDisbursements":511847,"cashOnHand":23754.59},{"cmteId":"C00605410","cmteName":"CLIMATE CHAMPIONS PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":86889,"totalDisbursements":67755.8,"cashOnHand":19133.18}],"totalRaised":9303844.3,"totalSpent":9057725.000000004}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001176_79bwcm","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Merkley campaign paid $1,211,566 to 22 surname-matched vendors, top: GREENE, MARJORIE","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's campaign paid 62 disbursements totaling $1,211,566 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GREENE, MARJORIE","total":650000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GREENE, MARJORIE","amount":400000,"date":"2023-01-09","description":"PAYMENT ON LOAN","surnameMatched":"greene","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GREENE, MARJORIE","amount":250000,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"PAYMENT ON LOAN","surnameMatched":"greene","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARJORIE TAYLOR GREENE'S PEOPLE OVER POLITICIANS COMMITTEE","total":277500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MARJORIE TAYLOR GREENE'S PEOPLE OVER POLITICIANS COMMITTEE","amount":150000,"date":"2022-05-05","description":"SEED EXPENSES FOR JFC EVENT","surnameMatched":"greene","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MARJORIE TAYLOR GREENE'S PEOPLE OVER POLITICIANS COMMITTEE","amount":127500,"date":"2022-05-05","description":"PRO-RATA TRANSFER TO FUND JFC EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"greene","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEELY, ROGER H","total":66437,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NEELY, ROGER H","amount":55500,"date":"2004-10-28","description":"CANVASS CONSULTANT SLATE CARD","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NEELY, ROGER H","amount":5937,"date":"2004-10-29","description":"CANVASS CONSULTANT SLATE CARD","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NEELY, ROGER H","amount":5000,"date":"2004-10-17","description":"CANVASS CONSULTANT-SLATE CARD","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY","total":48000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY","amount":5000,"date":"2016-11-15","description":"","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY","amount":5000,"date":"2016-11-18","description":"","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KENNEDY, JOHN NEELY","amount":5000,"date":"2004-05-19","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEELY, DANA MS.","total":42661.50999999998,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"NEELY, DANA MS.","amount":2371.62,"date":"2012-06-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"NEELY, DANA MS.","amount":2371.62,"date":"2012-05-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"NEELY, DANA MS.","amount":2371.62,"date":"2012-04-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEELY COBLE COMPANY","total":40659.99,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NEELY COBLE COMPANY","amount":40659.99,"date":"2011-11-03","description":"CAMPAIGN VAN PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"neely","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GREENE"]},{"id":"P51_M001176_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $6,466.8","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $6,466.8 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 2164.9× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":6466.8,"count":3,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P58_M001176","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$66K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 37% from LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","explanation":"Jeff Merkley received $66,333.9 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC ($24,805.16 = 37%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":66333.89999999998,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2014":66333.89999999998},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":24805.160000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004262/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":15222,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":10748.55,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004569","name":"HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN","support":7668.75,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004569/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":3772.6800000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004262/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_M001176","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $239,950.05","explanation":"Jeff Merkley received campaign contributions totaling $239,950.05 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FIDELITY INVESTMENTS ($218,083.25); AMALGAMATED BANK ($6,466.8); WILLIAM SHIELDS ($5,400); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($5,000); AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":239950.05000000002,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"FIDELITY INVESTMENTS","ldaClient":"FIDELITY INVESTMENTS","donorTotal":218083.25000000003,"exact":true},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":6466.8,"exact":true},{"donorName":"SHIELDS, WILLIAM","ldaClient":"WILLIAM SHIELDS","donorTotal":5400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P68_M001176","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 4 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$6.8M","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2026) lists ownership of 4 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $6,750,002. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Rental House Description: Rental House ( (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Rental House (Washington DC #2) Descript (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Rental House Description: Rental House ( (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000); Portland Rental House Description: Renta (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":4,"totalEstMidpoint":6750002,"year":2026,"sample":[{"name":"Rental House Description: Rental House (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"},{"name":"Rental House (Washington DC #2) Description: Kentucky Ave (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"},{"name":"Rental House Description: Rental House (Portland, OR)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"},{"name":"Portland Rental House Description: Rental House (Portland, OR)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P79_M001176_2021","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 7 ticker holdings between 2020 and 2021 — including FUSVX, FCNTX, FLPSX, FDVLX, AGRDX, SPRXX","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 ticker holdings present in the 2020 filing but absent in 2021. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FUSVX, FCNTX, FLPSX, FDVLX, AGRDX, SPRXX, FUSEX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2020,2021],"count":7,"divestedTickers":["FUSVX","FCNTX","FLPSX","FDVLX","AGRDX","SPRXX","FUSEX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/35a828c4-a167-4862-93e8-179d72e700d4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/35a828c4-a167-4862-93e8-179d72e700d4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_M001176_2020","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley filed 2 amendments to the 2020 Senate annual disclosure — 7 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Jeff Merkley's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2020 report alone, with 7 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2020,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":7,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2018 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d7d7d2d-271a-402e-8154-273861e48498/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3f315fcd-d6cd-43dc-b0e1-b10899f56c5b/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d7d7d2d-271a-402e-8154-273861e48498/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3f315fcd-d6cd-43dc-b0e1-b10899f56c5b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Merkley discloses 7 opaque-value holdings on the 2026 Senate PFD (1 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 19% of 36 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Jeff Merkley's 2026 Senate annual disclosure has 7 opaque-value entries (1 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 36 total reported assets — 19% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Fidelity Retirement (--) · Providence Retirement (--) · FGKFX - Fidelity Growth Company K6 Fund (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · Providence 401k (--) · Fidelity Retirement (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2026","opaqueCount":7,"topBracketCount":1,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":36,"opaqueRatio":0.194,"samples":[{"asset":"Fidelity Retirement","value":"--"},{"asset":"Providence Retirement","value":"--"},{"asset":"FGKFX - Fidelity Growth Company K6 Fund","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"asset":"Providence 401k","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Retirement","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Merkley discloses 10 real estate holdings on 2026 Senate PFD","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 10 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Checking · Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Savings · Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Savings · Rental House Description: Rental House (Washington, DC).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2026","propertyCount":10,"properties":[{"name":"Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Rental House Description: Rental House (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Rental House Description: Rental House (Portland, OR)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Rental House Description: Rental House (Portland, OR)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Undeveloped Lot Description: Undeveloped Lot (Portland, OR)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Rental House (Washington DC #2) Description: Kentucky Ave (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 PFD: 32 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (86% of 37 reported assets)","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 32 reported holdings owned by Spouse (10), Joint (22), or Dependent (0) — 86% of 37 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Checking · Joint: Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Savings · Joint: Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Savings · Spouse: Providence Retirement.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2026","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":10,"Joint":22,"Dependent":0,"Self":4},"totalAssets":37,"familyShare":0.865,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Checking","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Savings","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Unitus Community Credit Union (Portland, OR) Type: Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Providence Retirement","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"FGKFX - Fidelity Growth Company K6 Fund","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 PFD: 3 holdings ≥$1M each — FGKFX, (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: FGKFX (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2026","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"FGKFX","asset":"FGKFX - Fidelity Growth Company K6 Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Rental House Description: Rental House (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Rental House (Washington DC #2) Description: Kentucky Ave (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P91_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley (Oregon) discloses 2 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: District of Columbia (2)","explanation":"Jeff Merkley represents Oregon but their 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Oregon (8 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: District of Columbia: 2. Sample: Rental House Description: Rental House (Washington, DC) (District of Columbia) · Rental House (Washington DC #2) Description: Kentucky Ave (Washington, DC) (District of Columbia).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2026","memberState":"Oregon","inStateCount":8,"outOfStateCount":2,"byState":{"DC":2},"samples":[{"name":"Rental House Description: Rental House (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"DC"},{"name":"Rental House (Washington DC #2) Description: Kentucky Ave (Washington, DC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"DC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley owes 1 named-bank loan on 2026 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Minneapolis,","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 3.75% (30) from Wells Fargo Minneapolis,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2026","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.75% (30)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Minneapolis, MN","incurred":"2014"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P110_M001176","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Merkley's PFD net worth grew 5.5× in 12 years — 2014 $1.92M → 2026 $10.46M (CAGR 15.2%)","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $1.92M in 2014 to $10.46M in 2026 — a 5.5× increase over 12 years (compound annual growth rate: 15.2%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 12-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":1.92,"latestYear":"2026","latestNetWorthM":10.46,"growthFactor":5.46,"yearsCovered":12,"cagrPct":15.19,"filingCount":17,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8a4b70a5-a7a1-4f90-914b-389afec2d20f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8a4b70a5-a7a1-4f90-914b-389afec2d20f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P134_M001176","pattern_type":"P134_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH_BEATS_MARKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley's PFD net worth grew 15.2% CAGR over 12 years — beats S&P 500 (~10%) by +5.2pp","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $1.92M in 2014 to $10.46M in 2026 — a 15.2% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over 12 years. The S&P 500's long-run total-return CAGR has averaged ~10%; this senator's portfolio outperformed the broad market by approximately +5.2 percentage points per year. Sustained outperformance of this magnitude is statistically rare for a buy-and-hold long-only portfolio — most professional managers underperform the index after fees. Sustained outperformance signals one or more of: (a) skilled active management with risk-on positioning during favorable cycles, (b) concentrated successful sector bets (often telegraphed by P130 sector-concentration), (c) business-deal income (book deals, board fees, consulting, executive compensation), or (d) external windfall (inheritance, real-estate appreciation in concentrated geography). The growth period is the journalist's hook — what specific filings show the inflection points?","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_market_outperformance","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":1.92,"latestYear":"2026","latestNetWorthM":10.46,"yearsCovered":12,"cagrPct":15.19,"spBenchmarkCagrPct":10,"outperformancePct":5.19,"filingCount":17,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8a4b70a5-a7a1-4f90-914b-389afec2d20f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8a4b70a5-a7a1-4f90-914b-389afec2d20f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_M001176","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Merkley ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $74M across 14 cycles","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's FEC-bulk record shows $74.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 14 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":74.27,"cycleCount":14,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8OR00207"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8OR00207/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M001176","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Merkley's PAC funding concentrates 92% in Finance ($0.50M / $0.55M classified)","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's PAC donors concentrate 92% in the Finance industry — $0.50M of $0.55M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.50M · Technology $0.04M · Healthcare $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.5,"totalPacAmountM":0.55,"concentrationPct":91.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.5,"Technology":0.04,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8OR00207/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P151_M001176","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley operates leadership PACs with $9.3M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: BLUE WAVE PROJECT","explanation":"Jeff Merkley operates 3 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $9.3M and disbursements of $9.1M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: BLUE WAVE PROJECT (C00460972). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":9.3,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":9.06,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":3,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00460972","cmteName":"BLUE WAVE PROJECT"},{"cmteId":"C00605410","cmteName":"CLIMATE CHAMPIONS PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00743641","cmteName":"BLUE SENATE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460972/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_M001176","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Merkley operates 3 distinct leadership PACs ($9.3M combined receipts)","explanation":"Jeff Merkley operates 3 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $9.3M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: BLUE WAVE PROJECT (C00460972) · CLIMATE CHAMPIONS PAC (C00605410) · BLUE SENATE PAC (C00743641).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.3,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00460972","cmteName":"BLUE WAVE PROJECT"},{"cmteId":"C00605410","cmteName":"CLIMATE CHAMPIONS PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00743641","cmteName":"BLUE SENATE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460972/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00605410/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00743641/"]},{"id":"P153_M001176","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley's leadership PACs disbursed $9.1M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's leadership PACs disbursed $9.1M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: BLUE WAVE PROJECT (C00460972).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":9.06,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":3,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00460972","cmteName":"BLUE WAVE PROJECT"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460972/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_M001176","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Merkley ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,217 sponsored, 4,858 cosponsored","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's congress.gov record shows 1,217 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1217,"cosponsoredCount":4858,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/jeff-merkley/M001176","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_M001176","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,858 cosponsored, 1,217 sponsored","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's congress.gov record shows 4,858 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4858,"sponsoredCount":1217,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/jeff-merkley/M001176","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 36 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 36 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":36,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 PFD initiated 1 large new ticker position (≥$100K) — top: SPAXX ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 new ticker position in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: SPAXX ($500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"SPAXX","asset":"SPAXX - Fidelity Government Money Market Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f7a47b83-d0d1-4057-a001-c705cff6319f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f7a47b83-d0d1-4057-a001-c705cff6319f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_OR_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"HIGH","headline":"OR delegation: Jeff Merkley & Ron Wyden both flagged on 16 shared detector types (5 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from OR — Jeff Merkley and Ron Wyden — are flagged on the same 16 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 5 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P9, P10, P19, P61, P68, P79, P82, P83.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"OR","juniorSenatorBid":"W000779","juniorSenatorName":"Ron Wyden","sharedDetectorCount":16,"sharedHighCount":5,"sharedDetectors":["P9","P10","P19","P61","P68","P79","P82","P83","P84","P87","P88","P91","P96","P148","P151","P153"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001176","https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000779"]},{"id":"P193_M001176_2026","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Merkley — 12 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Jeff Merkley's 2026 Senate PFD shows 12 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2026","tickerPositions":12,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2679d51a-6ff8-4d8d-aecd-61cd3c3656a8/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"R000603":[{"id":"P7_R000603_a723bp","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,948,482 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,948,482 opposing this member across 56 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1948481.72,"totalSupport":242504.55000000002,"events":56,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":1683160.98},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":262559.73999999993},{"name":"Indivisible Project Inc.","oppose":2761}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_R000603_e367iw","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $671,347 / spent $508,429","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00577288","cmteName":"DECIDING CRITICAL RACES PAC (DCR PAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":55800,"totalDisbursements":54252.9,"cashOnHand":1547.08},{"cmteId":"C00577288","cmteName":"DECIDING CRITICAL RACES PAC (DCR PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":83024.8,"totalDisbursements":65478.3,"cashOnHand":19093.57},{"cmteId":"C00577288","cmteName":"DECIDING CRITICAL RACES PAC (DCR PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":90960.3,"totalDisbursements":94773.4,"cashOnHand":15280.48},{"cmteId":"C00577288","cmteName":"DECIDING CRITICAL RACES PAC (DCR PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":102111.9,"totalDisbursements":59717.1,"cashOnHand":57675.28},{"cmteId":"C00577288","cmteName":"DECIDING CRITICAL RACES PAC (DCR PAC)","year":"2024","totalReceipts":182700,"totalDisbursements":107765.4,"cashOnHand":132609.86}],"totalRaised":671347,"totalSpent":508429.19999999995}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000603_sx8dhd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,533 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $81,533 across 56 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,934.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501643","date":"2025-06-30","amount":81533,"count":56,"baseline":7934,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501643/"]},{"id":"P15_R000603_e8rjal","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,650 donation spike on 2024-02-28 — 12.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-02-28 this committee recorded $63,650 across 41 contributions — 12.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,189.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501643","date":"2024-02-28","amount":63650,"count":41,"baseline":5189,"ratio":12.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501643/"]},{"id":"P18_R000603_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Rouzer executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2025-12-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":18,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Old Port Tampa, Sunshine Skyway Bridge, Manbirtee Key, Seaport Manatee, MacDill Air Force Base, Port of ","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2025-11-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000603_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David Rouzer executed 5 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PINS","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2021-07-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PINS","date":"2020-04-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2020-02-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Manageme","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-12-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Pacific Island Fisheries; Interim Measures for American Samoa Bottomfish","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-06-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_R000603_ekk2vo","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Rouzer campaign paid $3,172,812 to 44 surname-matched vendors, top: FORD MOTOR COMPANY CIVIC ACTION FUND -","explanation":"David Rouzer's campaign paid 70 disbursements totaling $3,172,812 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FORD MOTOR COMPANY CIVIC ACTION FUND -MO","total":374675,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"FORD MOTOR COMPANY CIVIC ACTION FUND -MO","amount":60000,"date":"2021-09-14","description":"PAC TO PAC CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"FORD MOTOR COMPANY CIVIC ACTION FUND -MO","amount":50000,"date":"2019-07-29","description":"PAC ACCOUNT FUNDING","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"FORD MOTOR COMPANY CIVIC ACTION FUND -MO","amount":50000,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"PAC TO PAC CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"AMY FORD BRADLEY","total":271295.9,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"AMY FORD BRADLEY","amount":65329,"date":"2020-12-15","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"AMY FORD BRADLEY","amount":40989,"date":"2024-10-23","description":"FUNDRAISING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"AMY FORD BRADLEY","amount":40228.9,"date":"2023-08-04","description":"CONSULTANT - FUNDRAISING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HAROLD FORD JR. FOR TENNESSEE","total":213500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"HAROLD FORD JR. FOR TENNESSEE","amount":106000,"date":"2006-09-30","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"HAROLD FORD JR. FOR TENNESSEE","amount":71000,"date":"2006-06-30","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"HAROLD FORD JR. FOR TENNESSEE","amount":36500,"date":"2006-09-21","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'CONNELL, FORD","total":200000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"O'CONNELL, FORD","amount":200000,"date":"2020-03-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FORD & HARRISON LLP","total":178736.5,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FORD & HARRISON LLP","amount":178736.5,"date":"2019-09-12","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PRESIDENT FORD COMMITTEE","total":150000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"PRESIDENT FORD COMMITTEE","amount":150000,"date":"1976-10-06","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"ford","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1976}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FORD%20MOTOR%20COMPANY%20CIVIC%20ACTION%20FUND%20-MO"]},{"id":"P32_R000603","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"25% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 16 disclosed trades, 4 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.9× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":4,"total":16,"rate":25},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.88}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_R000603","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 8 total findings","explanation":"David Rouzer has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":8,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_R000603_NVDA_20200221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Rouzer sell $NVDA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Kress Colette  (CIK 0001588670)","filingDate":"2020-02-20","adsh":"0001045810-20-000020","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000603_AMZN_20200131","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Rouzer sell $AMZN 4 days before a corporate insider (WILKE JEFFREY A  (CIK 0001184758)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"WILKE JEFFREY A  (CIK 0001184758)","filingDate":"2020-02-04","adsh":"0000899243-20-002855"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_R000603_2025-12-17_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BA 8 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"David Rouzer delivered a 242-word floor speech on 2025-12-17 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, today marks a monumental day for the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, the effects of which will transcend genera- tions. The Lumbee have fought tire- lessly for decades to achieve full r…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 8 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-12-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":242,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, today marks a monumental day for the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, the effects of which will transcend genera- tions. The Lumbee have fought tire- lessly for decades to achieve full r","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/17/171/213/CREC-2025-12-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/17/171/213/CREC-2025-12-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_R000603_BA","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $BA — BOEING's PAC also donated $4,000","explanation":"David Rouzer executed 1 reported trade in $BA (BOEING). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","parent":"BOEING","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-09"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE BOEING COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"BOEING","total":4000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20BOEING%20COMPANY%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20BOEING%20COMPANY%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_R000603","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"33 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $213,500","explanation":"David Rouzer received campaign contributions totaling $213,500 from 33 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 33 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL ($10,000); AMERICAN CLEAN POWER ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($10,000); TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK) ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":33,"totalDollars":213500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL PORK PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CLEAN POWER ASSOCIATION CLEANPOWER PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CLEAN POWER ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ABC PAC)","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANKS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)","ldaClient":"TRUIST (FORMERLY SUNTRUST BANK)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_R000603","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $81,533 on 2025-06-30 (10.3× normal)","explanation":"David Rouzer's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $81,533 on 2025-06-30 — 10.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":145183,"maxRatio":12.3,"maxAmount":81533},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":81533,"ratio":10.3,"baselineDaily":7934,"count":56,"cmteId":"C00501643","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00501643&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-02-28","amount":63650,"ratio":12.3,"baselineDaily":5189,"count":41,"cmteId":"C00501643","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00501643&min_date=2024-02-28&max_date=2024-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501643/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00501643&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_R000603","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 15 total findings across the platform","explanation":"David Rouzer appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 15 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (2); reg rule trade proximity (2); ie attack target (1); leadership pac flow (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":15,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":2},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/R000603","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_R000603","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Rouzer's campaign paid $5,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: ROUZER CONGRESSIONAL TRUST ($5,000)","explanation":"David Rouzer's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 1 payment totaling $5,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ROUZER CONGRESSIONAL TRUST ($5,000 across 1 payments, services: CANDIDATE DONATION). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5000,"paymentCount":1,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ROUZER CONGRESSIONAL TRUST","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CANDIDATE DONATION"]}],"surname":"rouzer"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NC07096&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_R000603","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Rouzer draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.5M PAC / $24.8M total)","explanation":"David Rouzer's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.5M of $24.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.81,"pacSharePct":50.4,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2NC07096"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC07096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000812":[{"id":"P7_W000812_x4cfta","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,365,556 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,365,556 opposing this member across 102 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7365556.210000001,"totalSupport":391335.15,"events":102,"topAttackers":[{"name":"DCCC","oppose":3534705.63},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2619761.9},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":959472.82},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":232740.86},{"name":"CONSERVATIVE CHAMPIONS PAC","oppose":18000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000812_aghvj5","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,152 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $71,152 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":71152.39,"oppose":0,"net":71152.39,"events":31,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":57318.09999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":10786.04,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":2067.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":801.86,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":178.55,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_W000812_ia5ke9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $12,886,437 in itemized individual contributions, $10,193,561 (79%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":12886437,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1283762,"$200.01-$499":558521,"$500-$999":1093922,"$1000-$1999":2324195,"$2000 and over":10193561},"megaShare":79.1,"smallDonorShare":-10}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_W000812_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32890 employees of RETIRED gave $2,196,819 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 32890× RETIRED = $2,196,819; 1064× N/A = $1,618,274. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":32890,"total":2196819,"years":["2014","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":1064,"total":1618274,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000812_h9xzpa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$130,100 donation spike on 2019-02-28 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-02-28 this committee recorded $130,100 across 52 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,832.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495846","date":"2019-02-28","amount":130100,"count":52,"baseline":15832,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495846/"]},{"id":"P15_W000812_t3zr76","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126,250 donation spike on 2011-09-27 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-27 this committee recorded $126,250 across 97 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,089.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495846","date":"2011-09-27","amount":126250,"count":97,"baseline":13089,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495846/"]},{"id":"P15_W000812_ha2gmm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$123,000 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $123,000 across 97 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,834.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495846","date":"2019-09-30","amount":123000,"count":97,"baseline":15834,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495846/"]},{"id":"P15_W000812_eyrkcc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$112,445 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $112,445 across 132 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,155.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495846","date":"2020-09-30","amount":112445,"count":132,"baseline":14155,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495846/"]},{"id":"P15_W000812_clw77b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,263 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $91,263 across 72 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,151.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495846","date":"2025-09-30","amount":91263,"count":72,"baseline":7151,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495846/"]},{"id":"P15_W000812_eythax","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,045 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $88,045 across 56 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,374.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495846","date":"2020-06-30","amount":88045,"count":56,"baseline":5374,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495846/"]},{"id":"P15_W000812_t3zr7d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,500 donation spike on 2011-09-20 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-20 this committee recorded $85,500 across 58 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,734.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495846","date":"2011-09-20","amount":85500,"count":58,"baseline":11734,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495846/"]},{"id":"P19_W000812_rwu9eq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ann Wagner campaign paid $2,329,665 to 52 surname-matched vendors, top: LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY, INC.","explanation":"Ann Wagner's campaign paid 157 disbursements totaling $2,329,665 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY, INC.","total":292853.25,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY, INC.","amount":246421.25,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2016-08-04","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY, INC.","amount":16432,"date":"2016-12-15","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"J WAGNER GROUP, LLC","total":244607.72,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"J WAGNER GROUP, LLC","amount":143073.41,"date":"2020-06-22","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"J WAGNER GROUP, LLC","amount":101534.31,"date":"2020-06-25","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY","total":217256.84,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY","amount":57031.5,"date":"2014-07-23","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY","amount":45982.84,"date":"2013-12-31","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY","amount":23747.5,"date":"2015-07-15","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VAN WAGNER COMMUNICATIONS","total":200000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"VAN WAGNER COMMUNICATIONS","amount":200000,"date":"2004-07-21","description":"TELEMARKETING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LISA WAGNER & COMPANY INC.","total":160398.69,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & COMPANY INC.","amount":73498.19,"date":"2014-04-25","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & COMPANY INC.","amount":33480,"date":"2014-06-13","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & COMPANY INC.","amount":30540,"date":"2015-05-27","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LISA WAGNER & CO.","total":119505.94,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & CO.","amount":25000,"date":"2010-07-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & CO.","amount":19000,"date":"2004-12-23","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & CO.","amount":17985.94,"date":"2007-07-02","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"wagner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LISA%20WAGNER%20AND%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P25_W000812_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"78% of PAC dollars ($247,200) come from Party industry","explanation":"Ann Wagner receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":247200,"share":77.8,"totalPAC":317629.92,"pacCount":6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":247200,"share":77.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":42929.92,"share":13.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":10000,"share":3.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":10000,"share":3.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000812","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 13 total findings","explanation":"Ann Wagner has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":13,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_W000812","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$71K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 81% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Ann Wagner received $71,152.39 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($57,318.1 = 81%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":71152.39,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":10937.72,"2014":2718.02,"2018":178.55,"2020":40371.549999999996,"2022":17454.96,"2024":4015.3},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":57318.09999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":10786.04,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001847/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":2067.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004676/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":801.86,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001243/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":178.55,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_W000812","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $17,500","explanation":"Ann Wagner received campaign contributions totaling $17,500 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC ($10,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($7,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":17500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC')","ldaClient":"CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_W000812","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $91,263 on 2025-09-30 (12.8× normal)","explanation":"Ann Wagner's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $91,263 on 2025-09-30 — 12.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":179308,"maxRatio":16.4,"maxAmount":91263},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":91263,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":7151,"count":72,"cmteId":"C00495846","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00495846&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-06-30","amount":88045,"ratio":16.4,"baselineDaily":5374,"count":56,"cmteId":"C00495846","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00495846&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495846/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00495846&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"]},{"id":"P78_W000812","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 17 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Ann Wagner appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 17 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (7); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); mega donor dependency (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":17,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":7},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000812","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_W000812","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ann Wagner's campaign paid $1,091,648 to 20 surname-matched vendors — top: LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY ($217,257)","explanation":"Ann Wagner's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 49 payments totaling $1,091,648 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY ($217,257 across 9 payments, services: FUNDRAISING SERVICES · FUNDRAISING SERVICES / CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1091648.13,"paymentCount":49,"payeeCount":20,"topPayees":[{"payee":"LISA WAGNER AND COMPANY","total":217256.84,"count":9,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING SERVICES","FUNDRAISING SERVICES / CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"VAN WAGNER COMMUNICATIONS","total":200000,"count":1,"descriptions":["TELEMARKETING"]},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & CO.","total":119505.94,"count":7,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING EXPENSE","INAUGURAL EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & COMPANY","total":88557.7,"count":5,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING FEE","FINANCIAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"LISA WAGNER & CO","total":64000,"count":5,"descriptions":["JFC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"wagner"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2MO02102&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_W000812","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ann Wagner ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $22.3M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Ann Wagner's FEC-bulk record shows $22.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $56.3M (PAC: $22.3M, individual: $32.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":22.32,"lifetimeReceiptsM":56.34,"lifetimeIndividualM":32.15,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2MO02102"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MO02102/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_W000812","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ann Wagner draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($22.3M PAC / $56.3M total)","explanation":"Ann Wagner's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($22.3M of $56.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":22.32,"lifetimeReceiptsM":56.34,"pacSharePct":39.6,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2MO02102"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MO02102/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000805":[{"id":"P7_W000805_yjcojd","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $14,917,132 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $14,917,132 opposing this member across 169 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":14917132.310000002,"totalSupport":96591.13,"events":169,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE","oppose":14586051.85},{"name":"Restoration PAC","oppose":105750},{"name":"CONSERVATIVE MAJORITY FUND","oppose":97793.18000000001},{"name":"WE CAN DO BETTER PAC","oppose":60275},{"name":"Middle Resolution Federal PAC Inc.","oppose":31750}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_W000805_2xeieu","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,155 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $51,155 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":51154.85,"oppose":0,"net":51154.85,"events":33,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":30456.379999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":15136.7,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":5115.24,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":209.52,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":140,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_W000805_sivo1p","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $10,510,904 / spent $9,803,700","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00412791","cmteName":"FORWARD TOGETHER PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":1521117.1,"totalDisbursements":1172949.6,"cashOnHand":654955.55},{"cmteId":"C00412791","cmteName":"FORWARD TOGETHER PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":855721.7,"totalDisbursements":1160057.4,"cashOnHand":350619.9},{"cmteId":"C00412791","cmteName":"FORWARD TOGETHER PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":485200.7,"totalDisbursements":664506.8,"cashOnHand":171313.81},{"cmteId":"C00412791","cmteName":"FORWARD TOGETHER PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":1322908.5,"totalDisbursements":1047832.5,"cashOnHand":446389.84},{"cmteId":"C00412791","cmteName":"FORWARD TOGETHER PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":1261683.9,"totalDisbursements":1275074.7,"cashOnHand":432999.03}],"totalRaised":10510904.1,"totalSpent":9803699.899999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_W000805_nagd2p","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $2,333,350 in itemized individual contributions, $2,075,289 (89%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2333350,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-3651,"$200.01-$499":10764,"$500-$999":43604,"$1000-$1999":207344,"$2000 and over":2075289},"megaShare":88.9,"smallDonorShare":-0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000805_jcsev7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,500 donation spike on 2015-12-31 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-12-31 this committee recorded $56,500 across 15 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,583.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00412791","date":"2015-12-31","amount":56500,"count":15,"baseline":7583,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00412791/"]},{"id":"P29_W000805_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WARNER, Mark voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":660,"date":"2026-01-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":634,"date":"2025-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Susan Courtwright Rodriguez, of North Carolina, to be United States District Jud"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2025-12-03","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Susan Courtwright Rodriguez, of North Carolina, to be United States District Jud"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_W000805","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Mark Warner has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P53_W000805_ROAD","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 trades in $ROAD — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Mark Warner disclosed an asset position in $ROAD on their 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 3 reported trades in $ROAD per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ROAD","assetName":"ROAD - Construction Partners, Inc. - Common Stock Filer comment: Shares received from a distribution","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2024","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e6d6b43-dd61-4594-813e-1c35ce99c58b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ROAD","tradeCount":3,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-08"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-31"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-14"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e6d6b43-dd61-4594-813e-1c35ce99c58b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000805_CHTR","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $CHTR — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Mark Warner disclosed an asset position in $CHTR on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $CHTR per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"CHTR","assetName":"CHTR - Charter Communications, Inc. Filer comment: Shares received from a Private Equity distributio","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e11fe8b-43cd-45c2-929a-ffe796f9f1c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"CHTR","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e11fe8b-43cd-45c2-929a-ffe796f9f1c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000805_ZAYO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 trades in $ZAYO — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Mark Warner disclosed an asset position in $ZAYO on their 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 2 reported trades in $ZAYO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ZAYO","assetName":"ZAYO - Zayo Group Holdings, Inc. Filer comment: Shares received from a Private Equity distribution","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2020","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e11fe8b-43cd-45c2-929a-ffe796f9f1c9/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ZAYO","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-20"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2019-02-19"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e11fe8b-43cd-45c2-929a-ffe796f9f1c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000805_XON","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $XON — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Mark Warner disclosed an asset position in $XON on their 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $XON per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"XON","assetName":"XON - Intrexon Corporation Filer comment: Underlying asset of MRW Biotech Investors, LLC. Previously","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2018","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f35244ce-9453-474b-81a9-8c16d7fdc89c/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"XON","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f35244ce-9453-474b-81a9-8c16d7fdc89c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000805_HALO","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $HALO — also a disclosed holding ($500,001 - $1,000,000)","explanation":"Mark Warner disclosed an asset position in $HALO on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $500,001 - $1,000,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $HALO per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"HALO","assetName":"HALO - Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc.","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8270fce0-c3e9-488d-b817-64035fa7cf7b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"HALO","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-06"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8270fce0-c3e9-488d-b817-64035fa7cf7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P53_W000805_ZIOP","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in $ZIOP — also a disclosed holding ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Mark Warner disclosed an asset position in $ZIOP on their 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $250,001 - $500,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $ZIOP per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"ZIOP","assetName":"ZIOP - ZIOPHARM Oncology, Inc.","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","year":"2017","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8270fce0-c3e9-488d-b817-64035fa7cf7b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"ZIOP","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-18"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8270fce0-c3e9-488d-b817-64035fa7cf7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P58_W000805","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$51K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 60% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Mark Warner received $51,154.85 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($30,456.38 = 60%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":51154.85,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":140,"2014":20558.47,"2020":30456.379999999997},"corpCount":6},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":30456.379999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":15136.7,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":5115.24,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":209.52,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001979/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001227","name":"CALIFORNIA TEACHERS ASSOCIATION","support":140,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001227/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P63_W000805","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 69 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Mark Warner's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 69 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): SPY, FTIXX, COHOX, AKRIX, GWMIX, VWSUX, VWO, VEA, RSP, PIREX, PIMIX, VIOV, VB, VWIUX, TLH, … (54 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":69,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["SPY","FTIXX","COHOX","AKRIX","GWMIX","VWSUX","VWO","VEA","RSP","PIREX","PIMIX","VIOV","VB","VWIUX","TLH","QP","AGG","SCGVX","MACSX","BSIIX","CSMDX","VUSB","VWITX","QQQ","FISXX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_W000805","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 16 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$9.6M","explanation":"Mark Warner's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 16 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $9,558,006. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: HPRE Fund I US FI LP Description: Real E (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); iCapital-HPRE Fund Onshore Access Descri (Real Estate Commercial, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Investment in Residential Properties Des (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Investment in Residential Properties Des (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000); Avasa Spring Branch Description: Residen (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":16,"totalEstMidpoint":9558006,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"HPRE Fund I US FI LP Description: Real Estate (London, England)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"},{"name":"iCapital-HPRE Fund Onshore Access Description: Real Estate (London, England)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Ann Arbor, MI)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"},{"name":"Investment in Residential Properties Description: Residential Properties (Lewis Center, OH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"},{"name":"Avasa Spring Branch Description: Residential Properties (Houston, TX)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_W000805","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria, VA","explanation":"Mark Warner's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria, VA (Nonprofit Organization); Director at The Kennedy Center Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 1997 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Mar 2013 to present","role":"Director","entity":"The Kennedy Center Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_W000805","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 reportable gifts disclosed totaling $67,682.38 — top: Private flight (from Tucson, AZ to Leesburg, VA) ($39,248.00)","explanation":"Mark Warner's Senate annual financial disclosures report 3 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $67,682.38 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: Private flight (from Tucson, AZ to Leesburg, VA) ($39,248.00) from Fred & Karen Schaufeld Leesburg, VA; One-way flight on a charter plane from Gypsum, CO to West Ti ($21,490.88) from Stephen M. Case Washington, DC; One-way flight on a charter plane from West Tisbury, MA to D ($6,943.50) from John L. Davies Washington, DC.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":3,"totalValue":67682.38,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"},{"source":"gift","date":"04/04/2021","recipient":"Self","description":"Private flight (from Tucson, AZ to Leesburg, VA)","value":"$39,248.00","giftSource":"Fred & Karen Schaufeld Leesburg, VA","year":2022},{"source":"gift","date":"07/03/2017","recipient":"Self","description":"One-way flight on a charter plane from Gypsum, CO to West Tisbury, MA","value":"$21,490.88","giftSource":"Stephen M. Case Washington, DC","year":2018},{"source":"gift","date":"09/04/2017","recipient":"Self","description":"One-way flight on a charter plane from West Tisbury, MA to Dulles, VA","value":"$6,943.50","giftSource":"John L. Davies Washington, DC","year":2018}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_W000805_2021","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 12 new ticker holdings in 2021 not present in prior PFD filings — including PGEN, HYG, PFF, RSP, AGG, MINT","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2021 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 12 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: PGEN, HYG, PFF, RSP, AGG, MINT, PPIVX, MADCX, MAMTX, ESML, PHIYX, BGRIX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2021,"count":12,"newTickers":["PGEN","HYG","PFF","RSP","AGG","MINT","PPIVX","MADCX","MAMTX","ESML","PHIYX","BGRIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2300b749-b30d-429c-9f9c-6343ae6b6483/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2300b749-b30d-429c-9f9c-6343ae6b6483/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000805","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 19 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mark Warner appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 19 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: senate pfd holding trade (6); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":19,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","count":1},{"type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000805","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_W000805_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 13 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including PRVAX, DBLSX, DBLTX, PPIVX, MADCX, MAMTX","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 13 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: PRVAX, DBLSX, DBLTX, PPIVX, MADCX, MAMTX, ESML, BGRIX, VVISX, DBFRX, ABOS, VEGBX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":13,"divestedTickers":["PRVAX","DBLSX","DBLTX","PPIVX","MADCX","MAMTX","ESML","BGRIX","VVISX","DBFRX","ABOS","VEGBX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e6d6b43-dd61-4594-813e-1c35ce99c58b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3e6d6b43-dd61-4594-813e-1c35ce99c58b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner discloses 2 private-company / restricted stock positions — Elysium Health, Inc. Company: Elysium Health, Inc. (Delray Beach, FL) Descriptio…","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 2 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 2 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Elysium Health, Inc. Company: Elysium Health, Inc. (Delray B · Snap+Style, Inc. (RemoteRetail) Company: Snap+Style, Inc. (W.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":2,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Elysium Health, Inc. Company: Elysium Health, Inc. (Delray Beach, FL) Description: Health Industry","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"Snap+Style, Inc. (RemoteRetail) Company: Snap+Style, Inc. (Washington, DC) Description: Online Fashion Advisory & Shopping Website","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner discloses 24 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (5 top-bracket + 19 unascertainable, 16% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 24 opaque-value entries (5 top-bracket, 19 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 16% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Wells Fargo IRA (--) · The MRW Blind Trust (--) · Capital Cellular Corporation Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA) (--) · MSA Investments, LP Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA) (--) · Topeka KS, LP Description : Private Equity (Topeka, KS) (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":24,"topBracketCount":5,"unascertCount":19,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.161,"samples":[{"asset":"Wells Fargo IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"The MRW Blind Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Capital Cellular Corporation Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","value":"--"},{"asset":"MSA Investments, LP Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","value":"--"},{"asset":"Topeka KS, LP Description : Private Equity (Topeka, KS)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner discloses 23 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 23 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: JBG/Fund VI Qualified Investors, LLC Description : Real Esta · JBG/Fund VIII Qualified Investors, LLC Description : Real Es · Wilton GSE LLC Company: Wilton GSE LLC (Wilton, CT) Descript · Airwest IX Warehouse Description : Real Estate (Plainfield, .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":23,"properties":[{"name":"JBG/Fund VI Qualified Investors, LLC Description : Real Estate Fund (Chevy Chase, MD) Filer comment: Gifted to","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"JBG/Fund VIII Qualified Investors, LLC Description : Real Estate Fund (Chevy Chase, MD) Filer comment: Gifted ","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Wilton GSE LLC Company: Wilton GSE LLC (Wilton, CT) Description: Real Estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Airwest IX Warehouse Description : Real Estate (Plainfield, IN)","type":"Other","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"VEPF VI FAF, L.P. Description : Private Equity (Oakland, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"HPRE Fund I US FI LP Description: Real Estate (London, England)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"euNetworks Group Limited Description : euNetworks Group Limited (London, England)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Vista Equity Partners Fund VII, LP Description : Private Equity (Oakland, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner discloses 48 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 48 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Capital Cellular Corporation Description : Private Equity (A · MSA Investments, LP Description : Private Equity (Alexandria · Topeka KS, LP Description : Private Equity (Topeka, KS) · Minority Interest in Topeka, KS RSA Cellular License Descrip.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":48,"holdings":[{"name":"Capital Cellular Corporation Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"MSA Investments, LP Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"Topeka KS, LP Description : Private Equity (Topeka, KS)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"Minority Interest in Topeka, KS RSA Cellular License Description : Cellular License (Topeka, KS)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Petersburg Cellular Partnership Description : Private Equity (Tulsa, OK)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"Minority Interest in FCC 601 Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell VA MSA Description : Cellular License (Peter","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Columbia Capital Equity Partners IV, L.P. Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Updata Partners III L.P. Description : Private Equity (Reston, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P88_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner's 2025 PFD: 18 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 18 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":18,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"VEPF VI FAF, L.P. Description : Private Equity (Oakland, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"HPRE Fund I US FI LP Description: Real Estate (London, England)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Columbia Capital Equity Partners VII, LLC Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Edge Principal Investments IV, LP Description : Private Equity (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Vista Equity Partners Fund VII, LP Description : Private Equity (Oakland, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"BSCP SBIC I, LP Description : Private Credit (Alexandria, VA)","type":"Other","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Vista Credit Partners Fund III, LP Description : Private Credit (Oakland, CA)","type":"Other","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Shenkman Tactical Credit Fund, LP Description : Hedge Fund (New York, NY)","type":"Investment Fund Hedge Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P91_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner (Virginia) discloses 19 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: California (6)","explanation":"Mark Warner represents Virginia but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 19 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Virginia (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: California: 6 · Texas: 3 · Florida: 3 · Maryland: 2. Sample: JBG/Fund VI Qualified Investors, LLC Description : Real Estate Fund (Chevy Chase, MD) Filer comment: (Maryland) · JBG/Fund VIII Qualified Investors, LLC Description : Real Estate Fund (Chevy Chase, MD) Filer commen (Maryland) · Wilton GSE LLC Company: Wilton GSE LLC (Wilton, CT) Description: Real Estate (Connecticut).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Virginia","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":19,"byState":{"CA":6,"TX":3,"FL":3,"MD":2,"MI":2,"CT":1,"IN":1,"OH":1},"samples":[{"name":"JBG/Fund VI Qualified Investors, LLC Description : Real Estate Fund (Chevy Chase, MD) Filer comment:","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)","state":"MD"},{"name":"JBG/Fund VIII Qualified Investors, LLC Description : Real Estate Fund (Chevy Chase, MD) Filer commen","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)","state":"MD"},{"name":"Wilton GSE LLC Company: Wilton GSE LLC (Wilton, CT) Description: Real Estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"CT"},{"name":"Airwest IX Warehouse Description : Real Estate (Plainfield, IN)","type":"Other","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"IN"},{"name":"VEPF VI FAF, L.P. Description : Private Equity (Oakland, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"CA"},{"name":"Vista Equity Partners Fund VII, LP Description : Private Equity (Oakland, CA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"CA"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_W000805","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner filed 18 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 181 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Mark Warner has filed 18 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 181 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2021 (181d late, filed 11/12/2021) · 2010 (138d late, filed 09/30/2010) · 2022 (92d late, filed 08/15/2022) · 2023 (91d late, filed 08/14/2023).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":18,"maxDaysLate":181,"samples":[{"year":2021,"filingDate":"11/12/2021","daysLate":181,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2300b749-b30d-429c-9f9c-6343ae6b6483/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2010,"filingDate":"09/30/2010","daysLate":138,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/32CFE942-1733-4C4D-9BF7-48EC1DF9BE9F/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"08/15/2022","daysLate":92,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/679d54d5-0c93-49a7-bbea-9ba93fe00a64/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/14/2023","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/833c1cc6-d30d-4787-a4d5-0949434f73d0/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2300b749-b30d-429c-9f9c-6343ae6b6483/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/32CFE942-1733-4C4D-9BF7-48EC1DF9BE9F/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/679d54d5-0c93-49a7-bbea-9ba93fe00a64/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P97_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P97_PFD_BLIND_TRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner's 2025 PFD references a Qualified Blind Trust — transparency-positive (rare among senators)","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references a Qualified Blind Trust (QBT). A QBT removes the senator's discretion over individual asset-management decisions for the trust assets — they cannot direct purchases or sales, and they receive only summary balance information without knowing the underlying holdings. This is the strongest available recusal mechanism short of full divestiture. Setting up a QBT is rare (fewer than 10 of 100 senators historically) and requires Senate Ethics Committee approval of trust documents and trustees. This finding is transparency-positive — the inverse of the dozens of conflict-pattern flags above. Journalists should still verify the scope of the trust (does it cover all reportable assets, or just a subset?) and check for any reportable transactions outside the trust. Reference: 3 | The MRW Blind Trust | Trust General Trust | Self | --","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_blind_trust","year":"2025","mention":"3 | The MRW Blind Trust | Trust General Trust | Self | --","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/qualifiedblindtrust"]},{"id":"P102_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner holds 2 nonprofit/foundation board roles on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria,","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 2 ongoing roles on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria, · Director · The Kennedy Center Washington,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":2,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria, VA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 1997 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"The Kennedy Center Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Mar 2013 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P104_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Warner\" — top: Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria, VA","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Warner\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria, VA (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Warner","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"position","entry":"Collis Warner Foundation Alexandria, VA","position":"Director"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_W000805","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Warner named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($11.9M total receipts) — top: MARK WARNER VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Mark Warner appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $11.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MARK WARNER VICTORY FUND (C00895219, $5.3M receipts, treasurer CONNER, FRANK M.). Active years: 1, first seen 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":11.86,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00895219","name":"MARK WARNER VICTORY FUND","receipts":5273542.39,"treasurer":"CONNER, FRANK M.","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00895219/"},{"committeeId":"C00693473","name":"WARNER VICTORY FUND","receipts":4106085.34,"treasurer":"BUCHANAN, KATHERINE M","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693473/"},{"committeeId":"C00895227","name":"MARK WARNER ACTION FUND","receipts":2477598,"treasurer":"CONNER, FRANK M.","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00895227/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00895219/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00895219/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P132_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P132_PFD_PARTNERSHIP_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner's 2025 PFD lists 48 private-fund / LP / LLC holdings — opaque portfolio profile","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 48 private-fund-structured holdings — limited partnerships, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, fund of funds, family offices. These structures (a) defer income recognition until distributions are made, (b) allow carried-interest tax preference for fund managers, (c) obscure underlying portfolio-company names from the public PFD form (only the fund name is reported), and (d) limit liquidity, reducing the senator's ability to comply with STOCK Act timely-disclosure rules even if they wished to. Heavy concentration in private-fund vehicles is the most opaque PFD asset class — journalists investigating a senator's actual sector exposure must obtain the fund's quarterly investor letters or SEC Form ADV Part 2 brochure to see what's inside. Holdings: Capital Cellular Corporation Description : Private Equity (A · MSA Investments, LP Description : Private Equity (Alexandria · Topeka KS, LP Description : Private Equity (Topeka, KS) · Minority Interest in Topeka, KS RSA Cellular License Descrip · Petersburg Cellular Partnership Description : Private Equity.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_partnership_heavy","year":"2025","count":48,"holdings":[{"name":"Capital Cellular Corporation Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"MSA Investments, LP Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"Topeka KS, LP Description : Private Equity (Topeka, KS)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"Minority Interest in Topeka, KS RSA Cellular License Description : Cellular License (Topeka, KS)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Petersburg Cellular Partnership Description : Private Equity (Tulsa, OK)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"--"},{"name":"Minority Interest in FCC 601 Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell VA MSA Description : Cellular Lice","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Columbia Capital Equity Partners IV, L.P. Description : Private Equity (Alexandria, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Updata Partners III L.P. Description : Private Equity (Reston, VA)","type":"Investment Fund Private Equity Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P133_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $197.5M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $197.5M (asset midpoint $197.5M minus liability midpoint $0.0M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":197492928,"netWorthM":197.49,"totalAssetMid":197492927.5,"totalLiabMid":0,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_W000805","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner's earliest disclosed PFD (2017) shows $247.4M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Mark Warner's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2017) shows total assets of $247.4M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 223; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2017","totalAssetMid":247432789.5,"assetCount":223,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8270fce0-c3e9-488d-b817-64035fa7cf7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8270fce0-c3e9-488d-b817-64035fa7cf7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_W000805","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $25.7M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Mark Warner's FEC-bulk record shows $25.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $164.1M (PAC: $25.7M, individual: $94.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":25.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":164.09,"lifetimeIndividualM":94.29,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6VA00093"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6VA00093/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_W000805","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $164M across 18 cycles","explanation":"Mark Warner's FEC-bulk record shows $164.1M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":164.09,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6VA00093"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6VA00093/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_W000805","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner disclosed 8 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 7 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL ROAD $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Mark Warner has filed 8 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 7 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL ROAD $250,001 - $500,000 on 2023-08-08 · SELL ROAD $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-01-31 · SELL ZAYO $250,001 - $500,000 on 2019-02-20 · SELL ZAYO $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2019-02-19.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":8,"veryHighCount":7,"lowerBoundSum":3850008,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ROAD","action":"SELL","date":"2023-08-08","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ROAD","action":"SELL","date":"2022-01-31","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ZAYO","action":"SELL","date":"2019-02-20","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"ZAYO","action":"SELL","date":"2019-02-19","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"CHTR","action":"SELL","date":"2019-02-19","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"HALO","action":"SELL","date":"2017-11-06","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P146_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P146_PFD_TREASURY_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner discloses 4 Treasury / muni-bond positions ≥$1M each on 2025 PFD — top: GWMIX - AMG GW&K","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 Treasury security, government-agency security, or municipal-bond positions valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Treasury-heavy portfolios signal conservative wealth preservation but also create direct debt-ceiling exposure: senators voting on debt-limit increases, Treasury auction mechanics, or sovereign-default contingency planning hold the very instruments at issue. The 2023 debt-ceiling crisis and recurring continuing-resolution / shutdown debates demonstrate the policy-volatility risk for senators with concentrated Treasury exposure. Municipal bonds add tax-policy exposure (Section 103 tax-exemption rules, BABs / Build America Bonds, infrastructure-financing bills). Holdings: GWMIX - AMG GW&K Municipal Bond Fund Class I ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · FAIRFAX CNTY VA SWR REV BDS 2021A B/E Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 07/15/2046 ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · TLH - iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · FTIXX - GS Financial Square Treasury Instruments Fund ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_treasury_heavy","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"asset":"GWMIX - AMG GW&K Municipal Bond Fund Class I","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"asset":"FAIRFAX CNTY VA SWR REV BDS 2021A B/E Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 07/15/2046","type":"Government Securities Municipal Security","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"asset":"TLH - iShares 10-20 Year Treasury Bond ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"asset":"FTIXX - GS Financial Square Treasury Instruments Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/","https://www.budget.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P149_W000805","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Warner triggers 18 HIGH-severity findings across 34 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mark Warner accumulates 18 HIGH-severity findings across 34 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":18,"distinctDetectorTypes":34}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_W000805","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner triggers 35 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Mark Warner accumulates findings across 35 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 35 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":35,"sampleDetectors":["P7","P9","P10","P11","P15","P29","P36","P53","P58","P63","P68","P70","P72","P74","P78","P79","P81","P83","P84","P85","P88","P91","P93","P97","P102","P104","P109","P132","P133","P135"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_W000805","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner operates leadership PAC with $10.5M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: FORWARD TOGETHER PAC","explanation":"Mark Warner operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $10.5M and disbursements of $9.8M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: FORWARD TOGETHER PAC (C00412791). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":10.51,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":9.8,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00412791","cmteName":"FORWARD TOGETHER PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00412791/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_W000805","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner's leadership PAC disbursed $9.8M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Mark Warner's leadership PAC disbursed $9.8M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: FORWARD TOGETHER PAC (C00412791).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":9.8,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00412791","cmteName":"FORWARD TOGETHER PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00412791/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_W000805","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 724 sponsored, 2,479 cosponsored","explanation":"Mark Warner's congress.gov record shows 724 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":724,"cosponsoredCount":2479,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/mark-r.-warner/W000805","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P160_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner's 2025 PFD shows 5 broad-market index funds (29% of 17 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 of 17 ticker holdings (29%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: SPY, VWO, VEA, VB, AGG.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":5,"totalTickers":17,"ratio":0.29,"broadTickers":["SPY","VWO","VEA","VB","AGG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 149 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 149 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":149,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_W000805","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner's PFD net worth declined 35% year-over-year — 2022 $280.98M → 2023 $181.40M","explanation":"Mark Warner's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $280.98M in 2022 to $181.40M in 2023 — a 35% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2022","priorNetWorthM":280.98,"latestYear":"2023","latestNetWorthM":181.4,"declinePct":35.44,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/679d54d5-0c93-49a7-bbea-9ba93fe00a64/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/833c1cc6-d30d-4787-a4d5-0949434f73d0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/833c1cc6-d30d-4787-a4d5-0949434f73d0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/679d54d5-0c93-49a7-bbea-9ba93fe00a64/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $197.5M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $197.5M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":197492927.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_VA_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VA delegation: Mark Warner & Timothy “Tim” Kaine both flagged on 19 shared detector types (2 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from VA — Mark Warner and Timothy “Tim” Kaine — are flagged on the same 19 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 2 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P7, P9, P10, P15, P36, P53, P58, P63.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"VA","juniorSenatorBid":"K000384","juniorSenatorName":"Timothy “Tim” Kaine","sharedDetectorCount":19,"sharedHighCount":2,"sharedDetectors":["P7","P9","P10","P15","P36","P53","P58","P63","P70","P72","P74","P79","P83","P93","P102","P109"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000805","https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000384"]},{"id":"P192_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_W000805_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Warner — 18 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Mark Warner's 2025 Senate PFD shows 18 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":18,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/22abcaef-4e27-4274-9670-c432478d4652/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_W000805","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Warner — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($82.3M)","explanation":"Mark Warner is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $82.3M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":82294097,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6VA00093/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001216":[{"id":"P7_M001216_nxfdyb","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $13,630,107 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $13,630,107 opposing this member across 168 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":13630106.760000007,"totalSupport":170338.84999999998,"events":168,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee","oppose":9309600.57},{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":3794926.1700000013},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES  P E O P L E","oppose":300258.44999999995},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":143532.69},{"name":"PROGRESSSIVE KICK INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES","oppose":81788.88}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001216_8b8c7u","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$19,816 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $19,816 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":20206.59,"oppose":390.13,"net":19816.46,"events":10,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":20134.660000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":390.13,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":71.93,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001216_7ur366","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cory Mills campaign paid $6,901,673 to 26 surname-matched vendors, top: MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUT","explanation":"Cory Mills's campaign paid 47 disbursements totaling $6,901,673 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","total":2290000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","amount":2290000,"date":"2022-05-18","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN & BLAINE","total":1298569.47,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":303910.75,"date":"2024-02-28","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":202249.81,"date":"2024-02-08","description":"PRINTING SERVICES, ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":180810,"date":"2024-02-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURNS, MARTIN","total":660000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":435000,"date":"2014-02-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":225000,"date":"2016-04-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":263547,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":146288,"date":"1995-09-13","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":68184,"date":"1995-11-06","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"LOCKHEED MARTIN EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":49075,"date":"1995-09-30","description":"CONTRIBUTION MADE TO NON-AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","total":252500,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":100000,"date":"2022-06-09","description":"CONTRIBUTION - SHOLARSHIP FUNDS","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":52500,"date":"2020-06-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION - SCHOLARSHIPS","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF PALM BEACH AND MARTIN CO","amount":50000,"date":"2022-09-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION-SCHOLARSHIP FUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE MARTIN AGENCY","total":249877,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"THE MARTIN AGENCY","amount":249877,"date":"2008-08-11","description":"","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARTIN%20SHIANG%20(CREW)%20IN-KIND%20CONTRIBUTION"]},{"id":"P25_M001216_Labor","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"54% of PAC dollars ($187,126) come from Labor industry","explanation":"Cory Mills receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Labor issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Labor","amount":187125.84999999998,"share":54.2,"totalPAC":345158.5,"pacCount":23},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":187125.84999999998,"share":54.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":39435.35,"share":11.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":33000,"share":9.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":23300,"share":6.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_M001216_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MILLS, Cory voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":7,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P54_M001216_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 Healthcare votes — senator holds 1 Healthcare stock (BSX)","explanation":"Cory Mills discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (BSX) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 2 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["BSX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-18","billNumber":"HR498","question":"On Passage","description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/498"},{"source":"vote","date":"2025-12-18","billNumber":"HR498","question":"On Motion to Recommit","description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/498"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_M001216","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $35,000","explanation":"Cory Mills received campaign contributions totaling $35,000 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FLORIDA TRANSPORTATION BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION, INC. ($10,000); KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS ($5,000); EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION (FORMERL ($5,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($5,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":35000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"FLORIDA TRANSPORTATION BUILDERS ASSOCIATION, INC. FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"FLORIDA TRANSPORTATION BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS, INC. PAC (KRATOS PAC)","ldaClient":"KRATOS DEFENSE & SECURITY SOLUTIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSN PAC (LEASEPAC)","ldaClient":"EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION (FORMERLY EQUIPMENT LEASING ASSN )","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P71_M001216","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$232,422.35 in outside earned income — top source: State of Maine Augusta, ME ($$191,916.00)","explanation":"Cory Mills's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $232,422.35 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Maine Augusta, ME ($191,916.00, Salary); Maine Public Employees Retirement System Augusta, ME ($27,244.20, Pension); UBS Financial Services Inc. Portland, ME ($13,262.15, Other (Required Minimum Distribution)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":232422.35,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Maine Augusta, ME","amount":"$191,916.00","amountNumeric":191916},{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"Maine Public Employees Retirement System Augusta, ME","amount":"$27,244.20","amountNumeric":27244.2},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Required Minimum Distribution)","source":"UBS Financial Services Inc. Portland, ME","amount":"$13,262.15","amountNumeric":13262.15}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P86_M001216","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cory Mills named in 4 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Cory Mills appears as a named subject in 4 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":4,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Cory Mills","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-cory-mills-3/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Cory Mills","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-cory-mills-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Cory Mills","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-cory-mills/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Cory Mills","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-cory-mills/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-cory-mills-3/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-cory-mills-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-cory-mills/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-cory-mills/"]},{"id":"P91_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills (Florida) discloses 2 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Maine (2)","explanation":"Cory Mills represents Florida but their 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Florida (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Maine: 2. Sample: Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Farmington, ME) Filer comment: The proper (Maine) · UBS Insured Sweep Program (Portland, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account (Maine).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2026","memberState":"Florida","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":2,"byState":{"ME":2},"samples":[{"name":"Residential Property Description: Residential Real Estate (Farmington, ME) Filer comment: The proper","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"ME"},{"name":"UBS Insured Sweep Program (Portland, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"ME"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cory Mills holds 6 tickers on 2026 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — PFE ($29.0M), MSFT ($12.3M), BMY ($10.7M)","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 6 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $62.1M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: PFE ($29.0M, 45 filings) · MSFT ($12.3M, 66 filings) · BMY ($10.7M, 26 filings) · HD ($4.0M, 19 filings) · BAC ($3.4M, 16 filings) · BSX ($2.8M, 23 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2026","holdingCount":6,"totalLobbyAcrossM":62.14,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","totalLobby":28960000,"recordCount":45,"topClient":"PFIZER INC."},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"BMY","totalLobby":10740000,"recordCount":26,"topClient":"BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB"},{"ticker":"HD","totalLobby":3980000,"recordCount":19,"topClient":"THE HOME DEPOT"},{"ticker":"BAC","totalLobby":3390000,"recordCount":16,"topClient":"BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"BSX","totalLobby":2778000,"recordCount":23,"topClient":"BOSTON SCIENTIFIC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills holds 2 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2026 PFD — MSFT (8,404), BAC (2,063)","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 10,467 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: MSFT (8,404 patents) · BAC (2,063 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2026","holdingCount":2,"totalPatents":10467,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BAC","patentCount":2063,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2026 PFD (≥$1M each, total $188M) — top: PFE ($187.6M)","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $188M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: PFE ($187.6M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2026","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":187.56,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","total":187561181.57,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P120_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills holds 1 major US bank ticker on 2026 PFD — BAC","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: BAC ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BAC","asset":"BAC - Bank of America Corp","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills holds 2 pharma/biotech tickers on 2026 PFD — BMY, PFE","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: BMY ($1,001 - $15,000) · PFE ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BMY","asset":"BMY - Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PFE","asset":"PFE - Pfizer, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P147_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills's 2026 PFD reports earned income $234K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: State of Maine Augusta,)","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $233,603.73 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from State of Maine Augusta, ($191,916.00) · Self: Pension from Maine Public Employees Retirement ($27,244.20) · Self: Other (Required Minimum Distribution) from UBS Financial Services Inc. ($13,262.15) · Self: Other (Required Minimum Distribution) from Schwab Retirement Plan Services, ($1,181.38). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2026","earnedIncome":233603.73,"earnedIncomeK":234,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"State of Maine Augusta, ME","amount":"$191,916.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Pension","payer":"Maine Public Employees Retirement System Augusta, ME","amount":"$27,244.20"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Required Minimum Distribution)","payer":"UBS Financial Services Inc. Portland, ME","amount":"$13,262.15"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Required Minimum Distribution)","payer":"Schwab Retirement Plan Services, Inc. Omaha, NE","amount":"$1,181.38"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P159_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills holds 2 non-US-domiciled stocks on 2026 PFD across 2 countries — UBS (Switzerland), TD (Canada)","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 2 countries (Switzerland, Canada). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: UBS (Switzerland, --) · TD (Canada, $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2026","count":2,"countries":["Switzerland","Canada"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"UBS","country":"Switzerland","asset":"UBS - Traditional IRA","value":"--"},{"ticker":"TD","country":"Canada","asset":"TD - Toronto Dominion Bank New Canada","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P167_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills's 2026 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $1.1M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $1.1M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2026","totalAssetMid":1093709.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_M001216_2026","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cory Mills — 15 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Cory Mills's 2026 Senate PFD shows 15 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2026","tickerPositions":15,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b8277257-b855-4e1e-b129-abebcc4389e7/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001195":[{"id":"P7_S001195_3xfqg5","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $3,781,204 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $3,781,204 opposing this member across 23 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":3781203.68,"totalSupport":15764.74,"events":23,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRSC","oppose":3781203.68}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001195_z1frqz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $6,296,068 in itemized individual contributions, $4,028,269 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6296068,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-447087,"$200.01-$499":289205,"$500-$999":781354,"$1000-$1999":1644327,"$2000 and over":4028269},"megaShare":64,"smallDonorShare":-7.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001195_avgszp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,118 donation spike on 2025-08-11 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-11 this committee recorded $101,118 across 86 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,054.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541862","date":"2025-08-11","amount":101118,"count":86,"baseline":8054,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541862/"]},{"id":"P15_S001195_ihb4fs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,413 donation spike on 2023-09-28 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-28 this committee recorded $73,413 across 43 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,938.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541862","date":"2023-09-28","amount":73413,"count":43,"baseline":6938,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541862/"]},{"id":"P15_S001195_ihb4f5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,516 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $66,516 across 57 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,071.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541862","date":"2023-09-30","amount":66516,"count":57,"baseline":9071,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541862/"]},{"id":"P15_S001195_avwrnw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,500 donation spike on 2025-12-11 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-11 this committee recorded $52,500 across 15 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,951.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541862","date":"2025-12-11","amount":52500,"count":15,"baseline":4951,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541862/"]},{"id":"P15_S001195_x5pen6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,813 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $50,813 across 76 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,704.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541862","date":"2022-09-30","amount":50813,"count":76,"baseline":4704,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541862/"]},{"id":"P61_S001195","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $19,800","explanation":"Jason Smith received campaign contributions totaling $19,800 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,200); CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":19800,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13200,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SCHWAB, CHARLES","ldaClient":"CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_S001195","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $101,118 on 2025-08-11 (12.6× normal)","explanation":"Jason Smith's campaign committee received 4 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $101,118 on 2025-08-11 — 12.6× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":4,"totalSpikeDollars":277844,"maxRatio":12.6,"maxAmount":101118},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-08-11","amount":101118,"ratio":12.6,"baselineDaily":8054,"count":86,"cmteId":"C00541862","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00541862&min_date=2025-08-11&max_date=2025-08-11"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-09-28","amount":73413,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":6938,"count":43,"cmteId":"C00541862","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00541862&min_date=2023-09-28&max_date=2023-09-28"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-11","amount":52500,"ratio":10.6,"baselineDaily":4951,"count":15,"cmteId":"C00541862","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00541862&min_date=2025-12-11&max_date=2025-12-11"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-09-30","amount":50813,"ratio":10.8,"baselineDaily":4704,"count":76,"cmteId":"C00541862","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00541862&min_date=2022-09-30&max_date=2022-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541862/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00541862&min_date=2025-08-11&max_date=2025-08-11"]},{"id":"P136_S001195","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jason Smith ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $23.6M across 14 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Jason Smith's FEC-bulk record shows $23.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 14 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $43.0M (PAC: $23.6M, individual: $15.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":23.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.05,"lifetimeIndividualM":15.33,"cycleCount":14,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H4MO08162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MO08162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001195","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jason Smith draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($23.6M PAC / $43.0M total)","explanation":"Jason Smith's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($23.6M of $43.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":23.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.05,"pacSharePct":54.7,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4MO08162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MO08162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"Z000018":[{"id":"P7_Z000018_7b7j6q","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $6,086,206 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $6,086,206 opposing this member across 113 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":6086205.79,"totalSupport":480763.39999999997,"events":113,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5614401.82},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":437854.73},{"name":"SAVE WESTERN CULTURE","oppose":23936.04},{"name":"Priorities USA Action","oppose":9624.31},{"name":"Voter Protection Project","oppose":388.89}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_Z000018_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"135450 employees of NONE gave $4,241,003 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 135450× NONE = $4,241,003; 12775× NONE = $2,073,533. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":135450,"total":4241003,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":12775,"total":2073533,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_95lwfq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,013 donation spike on 2016-08-25 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-25 this committee recorded $104,013 across 141 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,925.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550871","date":"2016-08-25","amount":104013,"count":141,"baseline":12925,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550871/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_95n6e2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,845 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $69,845 across 67 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,492.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550871","date":"2016-06-30","amount":69845,"count":67,"baseline":8492,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550871/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_wiob50","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,800 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $65,800 across 38 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,264.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550871","date":"2014-06-30","amount":65800,"count":38,"baseline":7264,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550871/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_nu1gof","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,108 donation spike on 2015-06-09 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-09 this committee recorded $63,108 across 43 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,495.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550871","date":"2015-06-09","amount":63108,"count":43,"baseline":6495,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550871/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_nu3dld","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,025 donation spike on 2015-03-26 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-26 this committee recorded $60,025 across 38 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,082.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550871","date":"2015-03-26","amount":60025,"count":38,"baseline":5082,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550871/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_34938p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,882 donation spike on 2022-04-08 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-04-08 this committee recorded $60,882 across 71 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,479.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00778159","date":"2022-04-08","amount":60882,"count":71,"baseline":8479,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00778159/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_34rlvp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,417 donation spike on 2022-12-12 — 17.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-12-12 this committee recorded $54,417 across 25 contributions — 17.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,166.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00778159","date":"2022-12-12","amount":54417,"count":25,"baseline":3166,"ratio":17.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00778159/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_hspxev","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,273 donation spike on 2023-08-09 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-08-09 this committee recorded $54,273 across 119 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,888.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00778159","date":"2023-08-09","amount":54273,"count":119,"baseline":4888,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00778159/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000018_bk200v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,200 donation spike on 2021-09-17 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-17 this committee recorded $52,200 across 29 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,533.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00778159","date":"2021-09-17","amount":52200,"count":29,"baseline":8533,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00778159/"]},{"id":"P19_Z000018_a2f8ec","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ryan Zinke campaign paid $15,227 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: KUNEY, RALPH","explanation":"Ryan Zinke's campaign paid 22 disbursements totaling $15,227 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, RALPH","total":4579.5,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, RALPH","amount":940,"date":"2016-11-07","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KUNEY, RALPH","amount":671.25,"date":"2016-10-12","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KUNEY, RALPH","amount":497.5,"date":"2018-04-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, MARY","total":3300,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, MARY","amount":3300,"date":"2024-08-09","description":"REFUND: REFUND OF CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, MAX","total":2700,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, MAX","amount":1500,"date":"2015-12-09","description":"REFUND TO DONOR","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KUNEY, MAX","amount":1200,"date":"2015-12-09","description":"REFUND TO DONOR","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, LORNA","total":1953,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, LORNA","amount":1500,"date":"2006-02-06","description":"FINANCIAL CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KUNEY, LORNA","amount":453,"date":"2014-10-07","description":"INKIND: MAILING","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, SCOTT","total":1000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, SCOTT","amount":1000,"date":"2017-09-30","description":"REFUND OF DUPLICATE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KUNEY, JEFF","total":500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KUNEY, JEFF","amount":500,"date":"2004-03-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"kuney","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KUNEY"]},{"id":"P62_Z000018","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $60,025 on 2015-03-26 (11.8× normal)","explanation":"Ryan Zinke's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $60,025 on 2015-03-26 — 11.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":168715,"maxRatio":17.2,"maxAmount":60025},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-03-26","amount":60025,"ratio":11.8,"baselineDaily":5082,"count":38,"cmteId":"C00550871","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00550871&min_date=2015-03-26&max_date=2015-03-26"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-12-12","amount":54417,"ratio":17.2,"baselineDaily":3166,"count":25,"cmteId":"C00778159","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00778159&min_date=2022-12-12&max_date=2022-12-12"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-08-09","amount":54273,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":4888,"count":119,"cmteId":"C00778159","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00778159&min_date=2023-08-09&max_date=2023-08-09"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550871/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00550871&min_date=2015-03-26&max_date=2015-03-26"]}],"M001177":[{"id":"P7_M001177_5xkvmi","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $653,961 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $653,961 opposing this member across 32 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":653961.16,"totalSupport":23497.67,"events":32,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":223500},{"name":"RED TO BLUE CA","oppose":193087.61},{"name":"Sierra Club","oppose":111260.84999999999},{"name":"PROTECT OUR WINTERS ACTION FUND","oppose":61112.7},{"name":"Sierra Club Political Committee","oppose":50000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M001177_vmzx1h","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom McClintock campaign paid $132,462 to 7 surname-matched vendors, top: MCCLINTOCK COMMITTEE","explanation":"Tom McClintock's campaign paid 13 disbursements totaling $132,462 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLINTOCK COMMITTEE","total":48010,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLINTOCK COMMITTEE","amount":32366,"date":"1988-12-29","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988},{"payee":"MCCLINTOCK COMMITTEE","amount":15644,"date":"1988-12-29","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOC.","total":37994.479999999996,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOC.","amount":11472.54,"date":"2010-09-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOC.","amount":10319.17,"date":"2018-08-24","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOC.","amount":5543.43,"date":"2018-10-26","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLINTOCK, MARTHA R","total":13572.1,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLINTOCK, MARTHA R","amount":13572.1,"date":"2006-10-25","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOCIATES","total":11639.16,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOCIATES","amount":5830,"date":"2004-10-27","description":"CAMPAIGN MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOCIATES","amount":5809.16,"date":"2004-11-05","description":"FEA PHONE CALLS","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLINTOCK, SCOTT","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLINTOCK, SCOTT","amount":10000,"date":"2020-07-20","description":"PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCLINTOCK ASSOCIATES","total":6246.66,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCLINTOCK ASSOCIATES","amount":6246.66,"date":"2008-10-03","description":"PRINTING/SIGNAGE","surnameMatched":"mcclintock","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MCCLINTOCK%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P29_M001177_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McCLINTOCK, Tom voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":407,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":1,"description":"Pregnant Students’ Rights Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":1,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":402,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":401,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7148) the Consolidated Appropriati"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":399,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7148) the Consolidated Appropriati"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001177","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $24,800","explanation":"Tom McClintock received campaign contributions totaling $24,800 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO MISSION INDIANS ($6,600); SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND OF MIWOK INDIANS ($6,600); UNITED AUBURN INDIAN COMMUNITY ($6,600); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":24800,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"PECHANGA BAND OF MISSION INDIA, .","ldaClient":"PECHANGA BAND OF LUISENO MISSION INDIANS","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS","ldaClient":"SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND OF MIWOK INDIANS","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED AUBURN INDIAN COMM. OF, .","ldaClient":"UNITED AUBURN INDIAN COMMUNITY","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE (AIPAC) PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M001177","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom McClintock's campaign paid $84,452 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOC. ($37,994)","explanation":"Tom McClintock's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $84,452 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOC. ($37,994 across 5 payments, services: MEDIA · PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2010, 2012, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":84452.4,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOC.","total":37994.479999999996,"count":5,"descriptions":["MEDIA","PRINTING"]},{"payee":"MCCLINTOCK, MARTHA R","total":13572.1,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"WILLIAM MCCLINTOCK ASSOCIATES","total":11639.16,"count":2,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN MATERIALS","FEA PHONE CALLS"]},{"payee":"MCCLINTOCK, SCOTT","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONSULTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MCCLINTOCK ASSOCIATES","total":6246.66,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRINTING/SIGNAGE"]}],"surname":"mcclintock"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CA04152&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P195_M001177","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom McClintock — DW-NOMINATE 0.67 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Tom McClintock's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.67) is 1.9 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.67,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.88"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S001221":[{"id":"P7_S001221_fj5zg0","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,579,697 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,579,697 opposing this member across 119 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2579696.58,"totalSupport":456702.42,"events":119,"topAttackers":[{"name":"NRCC","oppose":1553166.35},{"name":"ESAFund","oppose":618775.23},{"name":"INDEPENDENT LIBERTY PAC","oppose":263255},{"name":"Americans for Prosperity Action, Inc.","oppose":90000},{"name":"WEST MICHIGAN FOR CHANGE","oppose":33000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001221_ng4nb9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $245,550 / spent $176,124","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00841908","cmteName":"A PLEASANT PENINSULA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":98805,"totalDisbursements":84652,"cashOnHand":14153.01},{"cmteId":"C00841908","cmteName":"A PLEASANT PENINSULA PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":146745,"totalDisbursements":91471.6,"cashOnHand":69426.45}],"totalRaised":245550,"totalSpent":176123.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S001221_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11218 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,476,298 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 11218× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,476,298. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":11218,"total":3476298,"years":["2019","2020","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001221_o9ywo1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,490 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $66,490 across 84 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,480.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00711317","date":"2022-06-30","amount":66490,"count":84,"baseline":8480,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00711317/"]},{"id":"P19_S001221_d38ns8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Hillary Scholten campaign paid $13,285,950 to 37 surname-matched vendors, top: RICKETTS, MARLENE","explanation":"Hillary Scholten's campaign paid 94 disbursements totaling $13,285,950 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICKETTS, MARLENE","total":4183400,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, MARLENE","amount":3935000,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"RICKETTS, MARLENE","amount":248400,"date":"2024-12-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","total":3225200,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":1050000,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING / PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON PARKER AGENCY LLC","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"PREPAYMENT FOR MEDIA PLACEMENT","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","total":1490857.63,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":405428,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICE","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":401616,"date":"2014-12-31","description":"IN-KIND - LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KOHRMAN JACKSON & KRANTZ","amount":161170.19,"date":"2015-04-27","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","total":1114583.5799999998,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":223289.49,"date":"2024-05-31","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":127051.24,"date":"2023-12-21","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS, SEE CONTRIBUTIONS BELOW","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TEXANS FOR RONNY JACKSON","amount":114850.49,"date":"2022-09-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","total":575641.62,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":82388.84,"date":"2021-11-15","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":75528.75,"date":"2021-10-18","description":"RECOUNT: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JACKSON KELLY PLLC","amount":69184.86,"date":"2022-11-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jackson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RICKETTS, LAURA M.","total":514655.88,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RICKETTS, LAURA M.","amount":264135.48,"date":"2021-12-16","description":"STOCK RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RICKETTS, LAURA M.","amount":250520.4,"date":"2022-12-19","description":"GIFT OF 3180 SHARES OF CHARLES SCHWAB CORP. STOCK.","surnameMatched":"ricketts","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RICKETTS"]},{"id":"P71_S001221","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$48,000 in outside earned income — top source: State of Iowa Des Moines, IA ($$25,000.00)","explanation":"Hillary Scholten's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $48,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Iowa Des Moines, IA ($25,000.00, Salary); State of Iowa Des Moines, IA ($17,000.00, Other (Per Diem)); Sioux City Explorers Sioux City, IA ($6,000.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":48000,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Iowa Des Moines, IA","amount":"$25,000.00","amountNumeric":25000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Per Diem)","source":"State of Iowa Des Moines, IA","amount":"$17,000.00","amountNumeric":17000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Sioux City Explorers Sioux City, IA","amount":"$6,000.00","amountNumeric":6000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0f5b37f-a2d2-4fa4-a353-eec7aeb0ba4b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_S001221","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Hillary Scholten's campaign paid $36,143 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: SCHOLTEN FOR IOWA ($13,600)","explanation":"Hillary Scholten's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $36,143 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCHOLTEN FOR IOWA ($13,600 across 2 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":36143.28,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCHOLTEN FOR IOWA","total":13600,"count":2,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"SCHOLTEN, J.D.","total":12543.279999999999,"count":2,"descriptions":["MISCELLANEOUS CAMPAIGN EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"SCHOLTEN, JD","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["GENERAL CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"scholten"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0MI03316&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P173_S001221_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hillary Scholten's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Hillary Scholten's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0f5b37f-a2d2-4fa4-a353-eec7aeb0ba4b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f0f5b37f-a2d2-4fa4-a353-eec7aeb0ba4b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]}],"C001117":[{"id":"P7_C001117_uwsqfh","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $627,495 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $627,495 opposing this member across 267 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":627494.5599999999,"totalSupport":559886.1799999999,"events":267,"topAttackers":[{"name":"New Prosperity Foundation; The","oppose":435000},{"name":"Restoration PAC","oppose":114016.61000000002},{"name":"ESAFund","oppose":48351.95},{"name":"JOBS OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - JOFPAC","oppose":14876},{"name":"FREEDOMWORKS FOR AMERICA","oppose":10250}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001117_rtn7cg","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$112,507 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $112,507 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":112783.98,"oppose":276.71,"net":112507.26999999999,"events":36,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":85713.98,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":19315.47,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7754.530000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":276.71,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001117_i87iov","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $249,583 / spent $196,111","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00747642","cmteName":"SCIENCE TRUTH AND EXPERTISE MATTER PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":21960,"totalDisbursements":8537.4,"cashOnHand":13422.57},{"cmteId":"C00747642","cmteName":"SCIENCE TRUTH AND EXPERTISE MATTER PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":71119.8,"totalDisbursements":77787.8,"cashOnHand":6754.62},{"cmteId":"C00747642","cmteName":"SCIENCE TRUTH AND EXPERTISE MATTER PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":95245.9,"totalDisbursements":87578,"cashOnHand":14422.54},{"cmteId":"C00747642","cmteName":"SCIENCE TRUTH AND EXPERTISE MATTER PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":61257.7,"totalDisbursements":22207.9,"cashOnHand":53472.3}],"totalRaised":249583.40000000002,"totalSpent":196111.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001117_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14712 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,268,463 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 14712× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,268,463. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":14712,"total":3268463,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001117_8o6bdd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,014 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $58,014 across 205 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,543.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648493","date":"2020-06-30","amount":58014,"count":205,"baseline":7543,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648493/"]},{"id":"P19_C001117_odmv28","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sean Casten campaign paid $179,664 to 3 surname-matched vendors, top: BRIAN FOUCART","explanation":"Sean Casten's campaign paid 60 disbursements totaling $179,664 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRIAN FOUCART","total":104139.65000000001,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"BRIAN FOUCART","amount":3552.64,"date":"2005-12-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BRIAN FOUCART","amount":3552.64,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BRIAN FOUCART","amount":3552.64,"date":"2005-12-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUCART, BRIAN","total":72755.20000000001,"count":27,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUCART, BRIAN","amount":4985.52,"date":"2003-01-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FOUCART, BRIAN","amount":3610.96,"date":"2004-08-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FOUCART, BRIAN","amount":3258.04,"date":"2004-12-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUCART, BRIAN E","total":2769.34,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUCART, BRIAN E","amount":2769.34,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BRIAN%20FOUCART"]},{"id":"P36_C001117","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Sean Casten has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Export_Import_Bank_of_the_Unit_119072","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Export-Import Bank of the United States testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-18 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank\". The witness The Honorable John Jovanovic (Export-Import Bank of the United States) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"119072","title":"Oversight of the Export-Import Bank","date":"2026-03-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable John Jovanovic","witnessOrg":"Export-Import Bank of the United States","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072"},{"source":"donor","name":"UA UNION PLUMBERS & PIPEFITTERS VOTE! PAC (UNITED ASSOCIATION OF JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES OF THE PLUMBING & PIPEFITTING INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA)","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MD","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119072","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=UA%20UNION%20PLUMBERS%20%26%20PIPEFITTERS%20VOTE!%20PAC%20(UNITED%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20JOURNEYMEN%20AND%20APPRENTICES%20OF%20THE%20PLUMBING%20%26%20PIPEFITTING%20INDUSTRY%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20STATES%20AND%20CANADA)"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_118957","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118957","title":"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market","date":"2026-02-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MORPAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MORPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MORPAC)"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Aspen_Institute_Financial_Secu_118624","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aspen Institute Financial Security Program testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Fraud in Focus: Exposing Financial Threats to American Families\". The witness Ms. Kate Griffin (Aspen Institute Financial Security Program) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118624","title":"Fraud in Focus: Exposing Financial Threats to American Families","date":"2025-09-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate Griffin","witnessOrg":"Aspen Institute Financial Security Program","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118624"},{"source":"donor","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118624","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_C001117_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_119232","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"Sean Casten sits on House Financial Services, which on 2026-04-28 held a hearing titled \"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"119232","title":"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities","date":"2026-04-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MORPAC)","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MORPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(MORPAC)"]},{"id":"P58_C001117","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 76% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Sean Casten received $112,783.98 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($85,713.98 = 76%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":112783.98,"oppose":276.71,"byYear":{"2018":10235.399999999998,"2020":4591.209999999999,"2022":107532.83000000002,"2024":7461.61},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":85713.98,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":19315.47,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":7754.530000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001318/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":276.71,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000716/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_C001117","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $153,000","explanation":"Sean Casten received campaign contributions totaling $153,000 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSP ($20,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AD ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328 ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":153000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LOCAL 881 UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS LOCAL 328","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_C001117","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 20 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Sean Casten appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 20 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (11); ie attack target (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":20,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":11},{"type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001117","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C001117","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sean Casten's PAC funding concentrates 32% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.20M classified)","explanation":"Sean Casten's PAC donors concentrate 32% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.20M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Finance $0.04M · Labor $0.03M · Defense $0.03M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.2,"concentrationPct":31.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Finance":0.04,"Labor":0.03,"Defense":0.03,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL06139/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"A000375":[{"id":"P7_A000375_aips9q","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,073,967 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,073,967 opposing this member across 30 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1073966.56,"totalSupport":191462.06000000003,"events":30,"topAttackers":[{"name":"WFW ACTION FUND INC","oppose":568970.4},{"name":"314 Action Fund","oppose":259996.15999999997},{"name":"Value In Electing Women Political Action Committee","oppose":245000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_A000375_87o9ei","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$26,583 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $26,583 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":26583.38,"oppose":0,"net":26583.38,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":18526.29,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003165","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","support":7915.429999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":141.66,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000375_hwhyid","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$256,312 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 25.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $256,312 across 113 contributions — 25.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,081.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00588657","date":"2025-12-31","amount":256312,"count":113,"baseline":10081,"ratio":25.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588657/"]},{"id":"P15_A000375_byzgls","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,250 donation spike on 2019-06-03 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-03 this committee recorded $65,250 across 36 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,436.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00588657","date":"2019-06-03","amount":65250,"count":36,"baseline":9436,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588657/"]},{"id":"P19_A000375_eafyqg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jodey Arrington campaign paid $419,793 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: ARRINGTON, KATHERINE ELIZABETH","explanation":"Jodey Arrington's campaign paid 20 disbursements totaling $419,793 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARRINGTON, KATHERINE ELIZABETH","total":321590.24,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"ARRINGTON, KATHERINE ELIZABETH","amount":200000,"date":"2022-07-11","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ARRINGTON, KATHERINE ELIZABETH","amount":25000,"date":"2022-07-11","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ARRINGTON, KATHERINE ELIZABETH","amount":25000,"date":"2018-02-21","description":"CANDIDATE LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARRINGTON OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","total":34750,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"ARRINGTON OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","amount":10000,"date":"2020-01-15","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ARRINGTON OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","amount":7150,"date":"2018-01-23","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"ARRINGTON OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","amount":7100,"date":"2022-01-26","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARRINGTON, JODEY COOK","total":25000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ARRINGTON, JODEY COOK","amount":20000,"date":"2016-08-02","description":"LOAN PAYMENT (SEE SSCHEDULE C)","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ARRINGTON, JODEY COOK","amount":5000,"date":"2025-09-26","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARRINGTON, JASON","total":17252.5,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ARRINGTON, JASON","amount":10000,"date":"2016-11-18","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ARRINGTON, JASON","amount":7252.5,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARRINGTON, DAVID","total":11200,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ARRINGTON, DAVID","amount":11200,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARRINGTON LAW FIRM","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ARRINGTON LAW FIRM","amount":10000,"date":"2013-05-01","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"arrington","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ARRINGTON"]},{"id":"P25_A000375_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"77% of PAC dollars ($1,138,515) come from Party industry","explanation":"Jodey Arrington receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":1138514.96,"share":77.1,"totalPAC":1477114.96,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":1138514.96,"share":77.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":68600,"share":4.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":60000,"share":4.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Energy","amount":50000,"share":3.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_A000375","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"42 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $268,600","explanation":"Jodey Arrington received campaign contributions totaling $268,600 from 42 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 42 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL ($10,000); NUSTAR ENERGY CORPORATION ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":42,"totalDollars":268600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL OF AMERICA COMMITTEE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NUSTAR ENERGY L.P. (NUSTAR PAC)","ldaClient":"NUSTAR ENERGY CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_A000375","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $256,312 on 2025-12-31 (25.4× normal)","explanation":"Jodey Arrington's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $256,312 on 2025-12-31 — 25.4× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":256312,"maxRatio":25.4,"maxAmount":256312},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-31","amount":256312,"ratio":25.4,"baselineDaily":10081,"count":113,"cmteId":"C00588657","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00588657&min_date=2025-12-31&max_date=2025-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00588657/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00588657&min_date=2025-12-31&max_date=2025-12-31"]},{"id":"P90_A000375","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jodey Arrington's campaign paid $62,003 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: ARRINGTON OUTDOOR ADVERTISING ($34,750)","explanation":"Jodey Arrington's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 8 payments totaling $62,003 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: ARRINGTON OUTDOOR ADVERTISING ($34,750 across 5 payments, services: ADVERTISING). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":62002.5,"paymentCount":8,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"ARRINGTON OUTDOOR ADVERTISING","total":34750,"count":5,"descriptions":["ADVERTISING"]},{"payee":"ARRINGTON, JASON","total":17252.5,"count":2,"descriptions":["SALARY"]},{"payee":"ARRINGTON LAW FIRM","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL FEES"]}],"surname":"arrington"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6TX19099&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_A000375","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jodey Arrington named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($4.5M total receipts) — top: ARRINGTON VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Jodey Arrington appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $4.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: ARRINGTON VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00680512, $4.5M receipts, treasurer KEITH A DAVIS). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":4.48,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00680512","name":"ARRINGTON VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":4476218.1,"treasurer":"KEITH A DAVIS","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680512/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680512/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00680512/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_A000375","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jodey Arrington draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.7M PAC / $25.0M total)","explanation":"Jodey Arrington's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.7M of $25.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.03,"pacSharePct":42.6,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6TX19099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX19099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001212":[{"id":"P7_M001212_jprd7c","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,570,491 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,570,491 opposing this member across 246 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7570491,"totalSupport":1250011.2300000002,"events":246,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":4802610.27},{"name":"Highway 31","oppose":2551097.33},{"name":"STAND UP REPUBLIC INC","oppose":140000},{"name":"Human Rights Campaign PAC","oppose":40890.36000000002},{"name":"American Bridge 21St Century","oppose":15000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_M001212_xz15yv","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$12,479 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $12,479 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":0,"oppose":12478.550000000001,"net":-12478.550000000001,"events":2,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":0,"oppose":12478.550000000001,"types":["TP","DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001212_vsss90","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,755 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $139,755 across 63 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,546.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00720375","date":"2025-12-31","amount":139755,"count":63,"baseline":11546,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00720375/"]},{"id":"P15_M001212_vsdgkb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109,500 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $109,500 across 42 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,281.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00720375","date":"2025-09-30","amount":109500,"count":42,"baseline":11281,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00720375/"]},{"id":"P19_M001212_u03twf","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Barry Moore campaign paid $51,746,264 to 61 surname-matched vendors, top: MOORE A SERIES LLC","explanation":"Barry Moore's campaign paid 360 disbursements totaling $51,746,264 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","total":16146400.339999998,"count":51,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":736620.47,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":731094.23,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":703490.83,"date":"2025-02-19","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE","total":6217670.610000001,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":603800.3,"date":"2020-03-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":401466.68,"date":"2020-06-03","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":344452.75,"date":"2019-06-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON","total":4999803.510000001,"count":28,"samples":[{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON","amount":839228.75,"date":"2004-05-20","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON","amount":493689,"date":"2004-06-03","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON","amount":468698.94,"date":"2004-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":798012,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":472007,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":448608.56,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON, INC.","total":2708914.7600000002,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON, INC.","amount":715755,"date":"2006-01-02","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON, INC.","amount":586732,"date":"2006-04-01","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON, INC.","amount":308192.64,"date":"2005-09-07","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE '14","total":2702290.7800000003,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE '14","amount":349524.62,"date":"2014-04-30","description":"TRANSFER OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE '14","amount":247852.62,"date":"2013-12-31","description":"TRANSFER OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"MCCONNELL SENATE COMMITTEE '14","amount":244767.7,"date":"2014-10-15","description":"TRANSFER OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"mcconnell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MOORE%20A%20SERIES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P35_M001212_ue2xaa","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Highway 31 both supported ($213,927) and opposed ($2,551,097) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Barry Moore advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00659896","name":"Highway 31","support":213927,"oppose":2551097.33,"events":30}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00659896/"]},{"id":"P62_M001212","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $139,755 on 2025-12-31 (12.1× normal)","explanation":"Barry Moore's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $139,755 on 2025-12-31 — 12.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":139755,"maxRatio":12.1,"maxAmount":139755},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-31","amount":139755,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":11546,"count":63,"cmteId":"C00720375","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00720375&min_date=2025-12-31&max_date=2025-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00720375/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00720375&min_date=2025-12-31&max_date=2025-12-31"]},{"id":"P90_M001212","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Barry Moore's campaign paid $6,542,206 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537)","explanation":"Barry Moore's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 25 payments totaling $6,542,206 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MOORE CAMPAIGNS ($4,653,537 across 15 payments, services: GENERIC GOTV MAIL · VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE · PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT). Cycles covered: 2020, 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542205.660000001,"paymentCount":25,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"descriptions":["GENERIC GOTV MAIL","VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","PETERS MI SENATE VOLUNTEER EXEMPT"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE & VAN ALLEN PLLC","total":617763.97,"count":3,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MARKETING","total":199510.41,"count":1,"descriptions":["PRODUCTION DIRECT MAIL"]},{"payee":"MOORE INFORMATION GROUP","total":158700,"count":1,"descriptions":["SURVEY RESEARCH"]}],"surname":"moore"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S8AL00340&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"H001102":[{"id":"P7_H001102_qknzy","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $6,523,173 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $6,523,173 opposing this member across 205 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":6523173.199999998,"totalSupport":421816.34999999986,"events":205,"topAttackers":[{"name":"AMERICA LEADS ACTION INC.","oppose":1829252},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":1132909},{"name":"Patriot Majority USA","oppose":944059.81},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":689110.57},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":659897.02}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001102_bi5szl","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Everette Harris campaign paid $32,768,875 to 69 surname-matched vendors, top: HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","explanation":"Mark Everette Harris's campaign paid 189 disbursements totaling $32,768,875 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","total":16047051.340000002,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":4975772.54,"date":"2020-12-22","description":"RECOUNT: PLACED MEDIA","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":3233764.7,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS SIKES MEDIA LLC","amount":2045740.8,"date":"2019-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","total":2826716.8,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":387369.26,"date":"2015-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":310000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"ONLINE ADS","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA LLC","amount":276454.73,"date":"2016-11-03","description":"ADVERTISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BMO HARRIS","total":2610678.69,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":1100000,"date":"2024-07-09","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":999999,"date":"2024-08-29","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","amount":510679.69,"date":"2024-09-19","description":"CREDIT CARD","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA","total":1779843.83,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":494831.39,"date":"2016-11-04","description":"INTERNET ADVERTISING AND WEBSITE CONSULT","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":385753.72,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING AND WEBSIDE MANAGEMEN","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","amount":372436.67,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"ONLINE ADVERTISING/.WEBSITE MGT.","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HARRIS MEDIA, LLC","total":1095000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA, LLC","amount":420000,"date":"2020-11-19","description":"PRE-PAYMENT FOR DIGITAL ADVERTISING (GA SPECIAL-RUNOFF - NOT DISSEMINATED IN THIS REPORTING PERIOD)","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA, LLC","amount":250000,"date":"2023-03-06","description":"ADVERTISING IN NON-FEDERAL ELECTION","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA, LLC","amount":225000,"date":"2018-04-04","description":"DIGITAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"harris","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLEY DRYE & WARREN LLP","total":1050188.87,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLEY DRYE & WARREN LLP","amount":118328.43,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kelley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KELLEY DRYE & WARREN LLP","amount":110518.58,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kelley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KELLEY DRYE & WARREN LLP","amount":102717.76,"date":"2024-12-11","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kelley","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HARRIS%20SIKES%20MEDIA%20LLC"]},{"id":"P29_H001102_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HARRIS, Mark voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P90_H001102","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Everette Harris's campaign paid $5,395,496 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: BMO HARRIS ($2,610,679)","explanation":"Mark Everette Harris's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $5,395,496 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BMO HARRIS ($2,610,679 across 3 payments, services: CREDIT CARD). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":5395495.77,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BMO HARRIS","total":2610678.69,"count":3,"descriptions":["CREDIT CARD"]},{"payee":"HARRIS MEDIA","total":1779843.83,"count":5,"descriptions":["INTERNET ADVERTISING AND WEBSITE CONSULT","ONLINE ADVERTISING AND WEBSIDE MANAGEMEN","ONLINE ADVERTISING/.WEBSITE MGT."]},{"payee":"HARRIS, NAPOLEON","total":550000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"HARRIS BEACH PLLC","total":254973.25,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL SERVICES"]},{"payee":"HARRIS, WILLIAM H. JR","total":200000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RETURN OF ACCIDENTAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"harris"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NC08066&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P195_H001102","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Everette Harris — DW-NOMINATE 0.82 vs NC delegation mean 0.15 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Mark Everette Harris's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.82) is 1.5 standard deviations from the NC delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NC","memberScore":0.818,"delegationMean":0.15286206896551724,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S001212":[{"id":"P7_S001212_yyy9ke","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,009,373 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,009,373 opposing this member across 30 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1009372.52,"totalSupport":99809.87000000001,"events":30,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":531823.15},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":424549.37},{"name":"Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party","oppose":53000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_S001212_ia1nxa","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$15,324 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $15,324 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":15324.35,"oppose":0,"net":15324.35,"events":12,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":13701.11,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":1623.24,"oppose":0,"types":["TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_S001212_8h91ci","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $4,865,663 in itemized individual contributions, $3,149,269 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4865663,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-489742,"$200.01-$499":294884,"$500-$999":733047,"$1000-$1999":1178205,"$2000 and over":3149269},"megaShare":64.7,"smallDonorShare":-10.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001212_der5a3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,250 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $52,250 across 28 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,250.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650697","date":"2021-03-31","amount":52250,"count":28,"baseline":7250,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650697/"]},{"id":"P15_S001212_fy1f5z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,803 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $51,803 across 25 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,869.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650697","date":"2023-03-31","amount":51803,"count":25,"baseline":5869,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650697/"]},{"id":"P19_S001212_3g457o","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Stauber campaign paid $2,793,593 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: GILBERT & WOLFAND","explanation":"Pete Stauber's campaign paid 98 disbursements totaling $2,793,593 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILBERT & WOLFAND","total":1180036,"count":49,"samples":[{"payee":"GILBERT & WOLFAND","amount":30000,"date":"2026-02-12","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GILBERT & WOLFAND","amount":27000,"date":"2025-09-11","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GILBERT & WOLFAND","amount":27000,"date":"2025-08-07","description":"ACCOUNTING","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILBERT & WOLFAND, PC","total":670479.5,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"GILBERT & WOLFAND, PC","amount":39688.75,"date":"2022-03-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SVCS. RENDERED","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"GILBERT & WOLFAND, PC","amount":33903.75,"date":"2025-03-07","description":"ACCOUNTING SVCS. RENDERED","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GILBERT & WOLFAND, PC","amount":32693.75,"date":"2013-03-28","description":"ACCOUNTING SVCS. RENDERED","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILBERT CONSULTING SERVICES","total":227327.64,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GILBERT CONSULTING SERVICES","amount":100225.82,"date":"2025-06-26","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GILBERT CONSULTING SERVICES","amount":75000,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"GILBERT CONSULTING SERVICES","amount":30582.13,"date":"2025-05-29","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING, RESEARCH, PRINTING, TRAVEL AND DIGITAL ADS","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILBERT, DAVID","total":206666.33000000002,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"GILBERT, DAVID","amount":140000,"date":"2016-09-28","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GILBERT, DAVID","amount":33333.33,"date":"2015-12-31","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GILBERT, DAVID","amount":33333,"date":"2016-07-11","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILBERT ENTERPRISES","total":116583.48,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GILBERT ENTERPRISES","amount":40989.8,"date":"2010-10-22","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GILBERT ENTERPRISES","amount":28178.45,"date":"2010-09-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"GILBERT ENTERPRISES","amount":25653.25,"date":"2010-07-28","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GILBERT FOR DELEGATE","total":75000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GILBERT FOR DELEGATE","amount":50000,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"NONFEDERAL: CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"GILBERT FOR DELEGATE","amount":25000,"date":"2021-09-28","description":"TODD GILBERT, STATE HOUSE 15TH VA","surnameMatched":"gilbert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GILBERT%20%26%20WOLFAND"]},{"id":"P61_S001212","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $130,000","explanation":"Pete Stauber received campaign contributions totaling $130,000 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ASSINIBOINE & SIOUX RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ($10,000); CHUGACH ALASKA CORPORATION ($10,000); CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP ($10,000); VALERO ENERGY ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":130000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"WATERPAC - NATIONAL RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ASSINIBOINE & SIOUX RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHUGACH ALASKA CORPORATION PAC (CAC PAC)","ldaClient":"CHUGACH ALASKA CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - CHEVRON CORPORATION","ldaClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"VALERO ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_S001212","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Stauber's campaign paid $20,433 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: STAUBER, ERIK ($20,433)","explanation":"Pete Stauber's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $20,433 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: STAUBER, ERIK ($20,433 across 2 payments, services: SALARY · CAMPAIGN MANAGMENT). Cycles covered: 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":20433.010000000002,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"STAUBER, ERIK","total":20433.010000000002,"count":2,"descriptions":["SALARY","CAMPAIGN MANAGMENT"]}],"surname":"stauber"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8MN08043&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_S001212","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pete Stauber draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.1M PAC / $21.2M total)","explanation":"Pete Stauber's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.1M of $21.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.22,"pacSharePct":38.4,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8MN08043"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MN08043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"N000015":[{"id":"P7_N000015_9ihpl3","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $901,074 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $901,074 opposing this member across 34 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":901073.6,"totalSupport":265634.84,"events":34,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Justice Democrats PAC","oppose":425000},{"name":"FIGHT CORPORATE MONOPOLIES","oppose":325000},{"name":"Indivisible Action","oppose":151073.6}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_N000015_920zjp","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$48,805 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $48,805 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":48805.12,"oppose":0,"net":48805.12,"events":17,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":48366.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":290.42,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEEL, PAPER AND FORESTRY, RUBBER, MANUFACTURING, ENERGY, ALLIED INDUSTRIAL AND SER","support":148.26,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_N000015_w1vfcd","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Neal campaign paid $1,891,820 to 36 surname-matched vendors, top: DUNN, NEAL PATRICK MD","explanation":"Richard Neal's campaign paid 63 disbursements totaling $1,891,820 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DUNN, NEAL PATRICK MD","total":550231.2,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DUNN, NEAL PATRICK MD","amount":510231.2,"date":"2024-11-22","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DUNN, NEAL PATRICK MD","amount":20000,"date":"2023-05-26","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DUNN, NEAL PATRICK MD","amount":20000,"date":"2023-07-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEAL, PATRICIA","total":245500,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"NEAL, PATRICIA","amount":115000,"date":"2003-06-30","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NEAL, PATRICIA","amount":104500,"date":"2003-06-30","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NEAL, PATRICIA","amount":26000,"date":"2003-06-30","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SIMON, NEAL","total":182400,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"SIMON, NEAL","amount":150000,"date":"2018-10-18","description":"IN-KIND - CAMPAIGN COMMERCIAL EXPENSE (MARYLAND MEDIA GROUP FOR CAMPAIGN COMMERCIAL EXPENSE)","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SIMON, NEAL","amount":21600,"date":"2018-09-29","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT TO THE CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SIMON, NEAL","amount":10800,"date":"2018-10-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT TO THE CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEAL & LEROY, LLC","total":141693.75,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"NEAL & LEROY, LLC","amount":37950,"date":"2023-12-28","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NEAL & LEROY, LLC","amount":34237.5,"date":"2023-10-25","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NEAL & LEROY, LLC","amount":22068.75,"date":"2023-10-04","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEAL SPELCE COMPANY","total":125024.64000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"NEAL SPELCE COMPANY","amount":58883.01,"date":"2008-10-22","description":"GOTV CONSULTING/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"NEAL SPELCE COMPANY","amount":50478.97,"date":"2008-09-03","description":"GOTV CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"NEAL SPELCE COMPANY","amount":8022.17,"date":"2008-11-06","description":"GOTV CONSULTING/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DUNN, NEAL PATRICK","total":102768.8,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DUNN, NEAL PATRICK","amount":61618.8,"date":"2016-09-18","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DUNN, NEAL PATRICK","amount":29100,"date":"2016-12-14","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DUNN, NEAL PATRICK","amount":12050,"date":"2017-02-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"neal","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DUNN"]},{"id":"P61_N000015","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"56 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $343,268.97","explanation":"Richard Neal received campaign contributions totaling $343,268.97 from 56 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 56 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA ($10,000); CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC ($10,000); NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":56,"totalDollars":343268.97,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NECAPAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"WINE AND SPIRITS WHOLESALERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC')","ldaClient":"CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF U.S.A. POLITICAL FUND (LETTER CARRIER POLITICAL","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_N000015","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Neal's campaign paid $788,273 to 25 surname-matched vendors — top: NEAL, PATRICIA ($245,500)","explanation":"Richard Neal's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 39 payments totaling $788,273 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: NEAL, PATRICIA ($245,500 across 3 payments, services: LOAN PAYMENT). Cycles covered: 2004.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":788273.15,"paymentCount":39,"payeeCount":25,"topPayees":[{"payee":"NEAL, PATRICIA","total":245500,"count":3,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"NEAL SPELCE COMPANY","total":125024.64000000001,"count":4,"descriptions":["GOTV CONSULTING/TRAVEL","GOTV CONSULTING","CONSULTING-COMMUNICATIONS/TRAVEL"]},{"payee":"VEE NEAL AVIATION","total":76962.18,"count":7,"descriptions":["TRAVEL","RALLY EXP"]},{"payee":"NEAL & HARWELL, PLC","total":67189.22,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"O'NEAL FOR PUBLIC OF, -FICE","total":35827,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION MADE TO UNREGISTERED"]}],"surname":"neal"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8MA02041&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_N000015","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Neal ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $42.2M across 40 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Richard Neal's FEC-bulk record shows $42.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 40 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $63.2M (PAC: $42.2M, individual: $17.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":42.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":63.24,"lifetimeIndividualM":17.09,"cycleCount":40,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8MA02041"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MA02041/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_N000015","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Neal ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $63M across 40 cycles","explanation":"Richard Neal's FEC-bulk record shows $63.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 40 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":63.24,"cycleCount":40,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8MA02041"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MA02041/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_N000015","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard Neal draws 67% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($42.2M PAC / $63.2M total)","explanation":"Richard Neal's FEC-bulk record shows 67% of lifetime campaign receipts ($42.2M of $63.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":42.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":63.24,"pacSharePct":66.8,"cycleCount":40,"fecId":"H8MA02041"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MA02041/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_N000015","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Neal ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,673 cosponsored, 236 sponsored","explanation":"Richard Neal's congress.gov record shows 4,673 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4673,"sponsoredCount":236,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-e.-neal/N000015","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"H001091":[{"id":"P7_H001091_fkyil8","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $2,441,811 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $2,441,811 opposing this member across 29 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":2441810.89,"totalSupport":133559.47,"events":29,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":2441810.89}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001091_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24649 employees of RETIRED gave $2,851,488 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 24649× RETIRED = $2,851,488. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":24649,"total":2851488,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001091_h3mbqt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,750 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $139,750 across 87 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,482.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706267","date":"2025-09-30","amount":139750,"count":87,"baseline":21482,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/"]},{"id":"P15_H001091_eqqyls","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,870 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $97,870 across 228 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,079.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706267","date":"2020-09-30","amount":97870,"count":228,"baseline":14079,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/"]},{"id":"P15_H001091_eqp1n7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,670 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $94,670 across 164 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,200.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706267","date":"2020-06-30","amount":94670,"count":164,"baseline":13200,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/"]},{"id":"P15_H001091_qxmfya","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,455 donation spike on 2022-06-06 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-06 this committee recorded $89,455 across 91 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,760.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706267","date":"2022-06-06","amount":89455,"count":91,"baseline":7760,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/"]},{"id":"P15_H001091_c96vqh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,603 donation spike on 2023-08-11 — 16.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-08-11 this committee recorded $84,603 across 129 contributions — 16.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,027.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706267","date":"2023-08-11","amount":84603,"count":129,"baseline":5027,"ratio":16.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/"]},{"id":"P15_H001091_h3kes8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,727 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $79,727 across 56 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,102.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706267","date":"2025-06-30","amount":79727,"count":56,"baseline":8102,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/"]},{"id":"P15_H001091_h3mbp9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,500 donation spike on 2025-09-16 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-16 this committee recorded $66,500 across 21 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,239.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706267","date":"2025-09-16","amount":66500,"count":21,"baseline":10239,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/"]},{"id":"P15_H001091_tf3bv8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,785 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $63,785 across 90 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,099.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706267","date":"2021-06-30","amount":63785,"count":90,"baseline":9099,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/"]},{"id":"P18_H001091_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ashley Hinson executed 5 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2021-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2021-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2021-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2021-03-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Central Gulf of Alaska Rockfish Program; Amendment 111","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Central Gulf of Alaska Rockfish Program; Amendment 111","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-03-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_H001091_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ashley Hinson executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HRTX","date":"2021-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"New Animal Drugs; Approval of New Animal Drug Applications; Change of Sponsor","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2021-03-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_H001091_STZ_20210401","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in STZ 1 day before FTC action","explanation":"Ashley Hinson sold STZ within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2021-04-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order Imposing Conditions on E. & J. Gallo Winery’s Acquisition of Assets from Constellation Brands, Inc.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/04/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-e-j-gallo-winerys-acquisition-assets-constellation"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"STZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/04/ftc-approves-final-order-imposing-conditions-e-j-gallo-winerys-acquisition-assets-constellation"]},{"id":"P43_H001091_TSLA_20210304","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ashley Hinson buy $TSLA 5 days before a corporate insider (Guillen Jerome M  (CIK 0001584518)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Guillen Jerome M  (CIK 0001584518)","filingDate":"2021-03-09","adsh":"0001584518-21-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001091_STZ_20210331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $STZ 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ashley Hinson sell $STZ 9 days before a corporate insider (Newlands William A  (CIK 0001531376)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STZ","filer":"Newlands William A  (CIK 0001531376)","filingDate":"2021-04-09","adsh":"0000016918-21-000054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P62_H001091","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $89,455 on 2022-06-06 (11.5× normal)","explanation":"Ashley Hinson's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $89,455 on 2022-06-06 — 11.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":174058,"maxRatio":16.8,"maxAmount":89455},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-06-06","amount":89455,"ratio":11.5,"baselineDaily":7760,"count":91,"cmteId":"C00706267","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00706267&min_date=2022-06-06&max_date=2022-06-06"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-08-11","amount":84603,"ratio":16.8,"baselineDaily":5027,"count":129,"cmteId":"C00706267","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00706267&min_date=2023-08-11&max_date=2023-08-11"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706267/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00706267&min_date=2022-06-06&max_date=2022-06-06"]},{"id":"P109_H001091","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Hinson named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.7M total receipts) — top: ASHLEY HINSON VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Ashley Hinson appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: ASHLEY HINSON VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00718221, $2.7M receipts, treasurer HOBBS, CABELL). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.74,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00718221","name":"ASHLEY HINSON VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":2740515.85,"treasurer":"HOBBS, CABELL","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718221/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718221/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00718221/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P141_H001091","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ashley Hinson executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AMZN (23d apart)","explanation":"Ashley Hinson has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AMZN 2021-03-08 → 2021-03-31 (23d) · BUY→SELL TSLA 2021-03-04 → 2021-03-31 (27d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"AMZN","days":23,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-08","date2":"2021-03-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-04","date2":"2021-03-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_H001091_2021-03-31","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ashley Hinson — 10 trades on 2021-03-31","explanation":"Ashley Hinson disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-03-31). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-03-31","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"G000597":[{"id":"P7_G000597_ljofn0","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $7,358,100 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $7,358,100 opposing this member across 91 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":7358100.3100000005,"totalSupport":300592.07000000007,"events":91,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":3736383.5300000003},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2099351.39},{"name":"Women Vote!","oppose":582597.92},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":238388.01},{"name":"LCV Victory Fund","oppose":195957.92000000004}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_G000597_7n8jg3","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,737 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $71,737 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":71737.23,"oppose":0,"net":71737.23,"events":17,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":71737.23,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006325","name":"NORTH ATLANTIC STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006184","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION OF J/M & APPR. OF PLUMBING & P/F INDUSTRY","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000597_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Andrew Garbarino executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2021-04-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":24,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Credit for Carbon Oxide Sequestration; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2021-03-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_G000597_BAC_20210423","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BAC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Andrew Garbarino sell $BAC 1 day after a corporate insider (BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/  (BAC, BAC-PB, BAC-PE, BAC-PK, BAC-PL, BAC-PM, BAC-PN, BAC-PO, BAC-PP, BML-PG, BML-PH, BML-PJ, BML-PL)  (CIK 0000070858)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/  (BAC, BAC-PB, BAC-PE, BAC-PK, BAC-PL, BAC-PM, BAC-PN, BAC-PO, BAC-PP, BML-PG, BML-PH, BML-PJ, BML-PL)  (CIK 0000070858)","filingDate":"2021-04-22","adsh":"0001567619-21-008465","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P58_G000597","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$72K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 100% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"Andrew Garbarino received $71,737.23 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($71,737.23 = 100%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":71737.23,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2022":63145.16,"2024":32176.39},"corpCount":5},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":71737.23,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006432/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006325","name":"NORTH ATLANTIC STATES REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006325/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70006184","name":"UNITED ASSOCIATION OF J/M & APPR. OF PLUMBING & P/F INDUSTRY","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70006184/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003645","name":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003645/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P109_G000597","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andrew Garbarino named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.6M total receipts) — top: GARBARINO VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Andrew Garbarino appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: GARBARINO VICTORY FUND (C00773416, $1.6M receipts, treasurer RETTALIATA, DONALD A. JR.). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.63,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00773416","name":"GARBARINO VICTORY FUND","receipts":1626639.3399999999,"treasurer":"RETTALIATA, DONALD A. JR.","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00773416/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00773416/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00773416/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_G000597","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andrew Garbarino draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.4M PAC / $23.4M total)","explanation":"Andrew Garbarino's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.4M of $23.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.43,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.4,"pacSharePct":48.8,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0NY02234"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY02234/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"F000470":[{"id":"P7_F000470_qgi6gc","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $5,830,795 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $5,830,795 opposing this member across 46 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":5830794.730000001,"totalSupport":168363.18999999997,"events":46,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5426093.7299999995},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":322176},{"name":"One Country Fund","oppose":82525}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_F000470_q5ek8t","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$12,276 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $12,276 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":12276.17,"oppose":0,"net":12276.17,"events":3,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":12276.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_F000470_ggen0q","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michelle Fischbach campaign paid $1,582,630 to 36 surname-matched vendors, top: DILLON MCCANDLESS KING COULTER & GRAHA","explanation":"Michelle Fischbach's campaign paid 143 disbursements totaling $1,582,630 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DILLON MCCANDLESS KING COULTER & GRAHAM LLP","total":381108.16,"count":23,"samples":[{"payee":"DILLON MCCANDLESS KING COULTER & GRAHAM LLP","amount":55000,"date":"2022-12-22","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"dillon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DILLON MCCANDLESS KING COULTER & GRAHAM LLP","amount":45227.44,"date":"2022-07-20","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"dillon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DILLON MCCANDLESS KING COULTER & GRAHAM LLP","amount":33082.4,"date":"2021-12-15","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"dillon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DILLON MCCANDLESS KING","total":104365.05,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DILLON MCCANDLESS KING","amount":104365.05,"date":"2025-02-12","description":"LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"dillon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DILLON, DAVID","total":94000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DILLON, DAVID","amount":94000,"date":"2008-11-12","description":"REPAY LOAN","surnameMatched":"dillon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAISER DILLON P LLC","total":79424.4,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KAISER DILLON P LLC","amount":39719.2,"date":"2018-08-02","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"dillon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KAISER DILLON P LLC","amount":18914.4,"date":"2018-03-07","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"dillon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KAISER DILLON P LLC","amount":11910.8,"date":"2018-03-07","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"dillon","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DILLON%20MCCANDLESS%20KING%20COULTER%20%26%20GRAHAM%20LLP"]},{"id":"P61_F000470","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $156,600","explanation":"Michelle Fischbach received campaign contributions totaling $156,600 from 22 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: GROWTH ENERGY ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":22,"totalDollars":156600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"GROWTH ENERGY PAC","ldaClient":"GROWTH ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. PAC","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION PAC (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_F000470","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michelle Fischbach draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.9M PAC / $14.7M total)","explanation":"Michelle Fischbach's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.9M of $14.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.87,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.65,"pacSharePct":33.3,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0MN07091"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MN07091/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M000317":[{"id":"P7_M000317_8c4jsm","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $10,319,686 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $10,319,686 opposing this member across 64 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":10319685.709999999,"totalSupport":35644.79,"events":64,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5893825.549999999},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":2824348.79},{"name":"End Citizens United","oppose":725826.8500000001},{"name":"VoteVets","oppose":369882.52},{"name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","oppose":225000}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M000317_4cnyns","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nicole Malliotakis campaign paid $61,257 to 2 surname-matched vendors, top: MALLIOTAKIS FOR NY-11","explanation":"Nicole Malliotakis's campaign paid 8 disbursements totaling $61,257 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MALLIOTAKIS FOR NY-11","total":59502.26,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MALLIOTAKIS FOR NY-11","amount":37882.75,"date":"2020-08-31","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"malliotakis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MALLIOTAKIS FOR NY-11","amount":15049.39,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"malliotakis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MALLIOTAKIS FOR NY-11","amount":2000,"date":"2021-02-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"malliotakis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MALLIOTAKIS, VERALIA","total":1755,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MALLIOTAKIS, VERALIA","amount":1095,"date":"2019-08-13","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"malliotakis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MALLIOTAKIS, VERALIA","amount":660,"date":"2020-06-23","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"malliotakis","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MALLIOTAKIS%20FOR%20NY-11"]},{"id":"P25_M000317_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"54% of PAC dollars ($971,884) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Nicole Malliotakis receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":971884.1999999997,"share":53.5,"totalPAC":1815632.48,"pacCount":6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":971884.1999999997,"share":53.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":739556.8500000003,"share":40.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Candidate","amount":80191.43,"share":4.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":24000,"share":1.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P109_M000317","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicole Malliotakis named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.5M total receipts) — top: MALLIOTAKIS VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Nicole Malliotakis appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.5M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MALLIOTAKIS VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00731356, $1.5M receipts, treasurer SCHWARTZ, LAURA A). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.5,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00731356","name":"MALLIOTAKIS VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":1495749.48,"treasurer":"SCHWARTZ, LAURA A","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00731356/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00731356/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00731356/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"N000026":[{"id":"P7_N000026_rtfmlj","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $12,024,065 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $12,024,065 opposing this member across 127 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":12024064.839999998,"totalSupport":513402.52,"events":127,"topAttackers":[{"name":"House Majority PAC","oppose":5817290.57},{"name":"DCCC","oppose":5437603.35},{"name":"EVERYTOWN FOR GUN SAFETY VICTORY FUND (EVERYTOWN VICTORY FUND)","oppose":769170.9199999999}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_N000026_vp8rzf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,200 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 18.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $56,200 across 16 contributions — 18.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,098.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00730150","date":"2023-09-30","amount":56200,"count":16,"baseline":3098,"ratio":18.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00730150/"]},{"id":"P15_N000026_43mid6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,250 donation spike on 2026-02-03 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2026-02-03 this committee recorded $50,250 across 25 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,897.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00930065","date":"2026-02-03","amount":50250,"count":25,"baseline":5897,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00930065/"]},{"id":"P19_N000026_goot33","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Troy Nehls campaign paid $163,033 to 32 surname-matched vendors, top: DATWYLER, THOMAS","explanation":"Troy Nehls's campaign paid 147 disbursements totaling $163,033 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","total":61093.75,"count":55,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":6000,"date":"2022-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":3000,"date":"2010-03-04","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","amount":1776.14,"date":"2024-06-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEHLS CONSULTING","total":25000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"NEHLS CONSULTING","amount":5000,"date":"2025-06-17","description":"CAMPAIGN STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nehls","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"NEHLS CONSULTING","amount":5000,"date":"2026-01-24","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nehls","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"NEHLS CONSULTING","amount":5000,"date":"2025-12-01","description":"STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nehls","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PARKHURST & NORVELL","total":12600,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"PARKHURST & NORVELL","amount":1200,"date":"2007-11-12","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"norvell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"PARKHURST & NORVELL","amount":675,"date":"2010-08-13","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"norvell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PARKHURST & NORVELL","amount":675,"date":"2009-02-18","description":"PROFESSIONAL FEES","surnameMatched":"norvell","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEHLS, JILL","total":10566,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NEHLS, JILL","amount":10566,"date":"2026-03-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nehls","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NEHLS FOR TX-22","total":10200.279999999999,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NEHLS FOR TX-22","amount":5200.28,"date":"2020-10-30","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"nehls","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NEHLS FOR TX-22","amount":5000,"date":"2020-10-15","description":"","surnameMatched":"nehls","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","total":7934.4400000000005,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":1550,"date":"2014-02-03","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":975,"date":"2014-01-29","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"DATWYLER, THOMAS C","amount":951,"date":"2013-10-17","description":"ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING","surnameMatched":"datwyler","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DATWYLER"]},{"id":"P29_N000026_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NEHLS, Troy E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":23,"peerNay":1,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":385,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":23,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7006) the Financial Services and G"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_N000026","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $74,712","explanation":"Troy Nehls received campaign contributions totaling $74,712 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH ($10,112); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); TEXAS FARM BUREAU ($9,600); USA RICE FEDERATION ($5,000); THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":74712,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NEIGHBORHOOD RESEARCH AND MEDIA","ldaClient":"NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH","donorTotal":10112,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU AGFUND","ldaClient":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","donorTotal":9600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"USA RICE FEDERATION PAC","ldaClient":"USA RICE FEDERATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_N000026","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $56,200 on 2023-09-30 (18.1× normal)","explanation":"Troy Nehls's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $56,200 on 2023-09-30 — 18.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":56200,"maxRatio":18.1,"maxAmount":56200},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-09-30","amount":56200,"ratio":18.1,"baselineDaily":3098,"count":16,"cmteId":"C00730150","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00730150&min_date=2023-09-30&max_date=2023-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00730150/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00730150&min_date=2023-09-30&max_date=2023-09-30"]},{"id":"P86_N000026","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Troy Nehls named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Troy Nehls appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Troy E. Nehls","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-troy-e-nehls/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Troy E. Nehls","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-troy-e-nehls-2/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-troy-e-nehls/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-troy-e-nehls-2/"]},{"id":"P90_N000026","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Troy Nehls's campaign paid $55,720 to 5 surname-matched vendors — top: NEHLS CONSULTING ($25,000)","explanation":"Troy Nehls's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 9 payments totaling $55,720 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: NEHLS CONSULTING ($25,000 across 5 payments, services: CAMPAIGN STRATEGY CONSULTING · STRATEGY CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":55720.07,"paymentCount":9,"payeeCount":5,"topPayees":[{"payee":"NEHLS CONSULTING","total":25000,"count":5,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN STRATEGY CONSULTING","STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"NEHLS, JILL","total":10566,"count":1,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"NEHLS, GAIL","total":7654.07,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"NEHLS VICTORY","total":7500,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM GREG ARNIM"]},{"payee":"NEHLS FOR TX-22","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]}],"surname":"nehls"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0TX22302&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"C001129":[{"id":"P7_C001129_tif0j2","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $15,486,960 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $15,486,960 opposing this member across 43 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":15486959.709999999,"totalSupport":50821.49,"events":43,"topAttackers":[{"name":"Georgia United Victory","oppose":14680002.18},{"name":"Senate Leadership Fund","oppose":774084.27},{"name":"PAC for a Change","oppose":27500},{"name":"Planned Parenthood Votes","oppose":5373.26}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001129_44cdhw","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Collins campaign paid $19,534,870 to 100 surname-matched vendors, top: COLLINS FOR SENATOR","explanation":"Mike Collins's campaign paid 303 disbursements totaling $19,534,870 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COLLINS FOR SENATOR","total":4950230.7,"count":43,"samples":[{"payee":"COLLINS FOR SENATOR","amount":463997.55,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"JFC TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"collins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"COLLINS FOR SENATOR","amount":367039.89,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"JFC TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"collins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"COLLINS FOR SENATOR","amount":347090.42,"date":"2020-09-29","description":"JFC TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"collins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILKS, DANIEL MR.","total":1371666.66,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WILKS, DANIEL MR.","amount":1371666.66,"date":"2016-06-01","description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"daniel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRONT PAGE PRODUCTIONS","total":1300070.18,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"FRONT PAGE PRODUCTIONS","amount":316000,"date":"2004-07-20","description":"TRANSPORTATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"page","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FRONT PAGE PRODUCTIONS","amount":235026.76,"date":"2004-08-26","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"page","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FRONT PAGE PRODUCTIONS","amount":80000,"date":"2004-11-22","description":"TRAVEL - EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"page","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DANIEL J. EDELMAN, INC.","total":1178407.52,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"DANIEL J. EDELMAN, INC.","amount":284090,"date":"2006-10-12","description":"TELEVISION ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"daniel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DANIEL J. EDELMAN, INC.","amount":249535,"date":"2006-09-25","description":"TELEVISION ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"daniel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DANIEL J. EDELMAN, INC.","amount":125855,"date":"2006-09-12","description":"TELEVISION ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"daniel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COLLINS, CHRISTOPHER C","total":1103500,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"COLLINS, CHRISTOPHER C","amount":500000,"date":"2019-09-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"collins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"COLLINS, CHRISTOPHER C","amount":245500,"date":"2016-11-29","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"collins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"COLLINS, CHRISTOPHER C","amount":150000,"date":"2016-11-29","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"collins","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOGUE, DANIEL","total":725000,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"LOGUE, DANIEL","amount":125000,"date":"2014-04-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"daniel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LOGUE, DANIEL","amount":100000,"date":"2013-07-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"daniel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"LOGUE, DANIEL","amount":100000,"date":"2014-01-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"daniel","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=COLLINS%20FOR%20SENATOR"]},{"id":"P35_C001129_tx75nf","pattern_type":"P35_BOTH_SIDES_IE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Georgia United Victory both supported ($30,780) and opposed ($14,680,002) this member","explanation":"A single outside-spending committee has funded both pro- and anti-Mike Collins advertising. That usually means a shifting political calculation (primary vs general election, party realignment) — but the same PAC paying both directions is worth documenting.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_both_sides","cmteId":"C00750323","name":"Georgia United Victory","support":30780,"oppose":14680002.18,"events":24}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750323/"]},{"id":"P62_C001129","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $210,127 on 2020-08-29 (10.7× normal)","explanation":"Mike Collins's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $210,127 on 2020-08-29 — 10.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":664775,"maxRatio":13.6,"maxAmount":210127},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-08-29","amount":210127,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":19690,"count":301,"cmteId":"C00736983","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00736983&min_date=2020-08-29&max_date=2020-08-29"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-06-30","amount":178155,"ratio":11.7,"baselineDaily":15260,"count":163,"cmteId":"C00736983","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00736983&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-30","amount":115050,"ratio":13.5,"baselineDaily":8528,"count":50,"cmteId":"C00544684","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00544684&min_date=2021-06-30&max_date=2021-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-09-30","amount":101529,"ratio":13.6,"baselineDaily":7465,"count":66,"cmteId":"C00544684","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00544684&min_date=2021-09-30&max_date=2021-09-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-08-05","amount":59914,"ratio":13.6,"baselineDaily":4405,"count":79,"cmteId":"C00544684","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00544684&min_date=2025-08-05&max_date=2025-08-05"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736983/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00736983&min_date=2020-08-29&max_date=2020-08-29"]},{"id":"P86_C001129","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Collins named in 2 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Mike Collins appears as a named subject in 2 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":2,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Mike Collins","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-mike-collins-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Mike Collins","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-mike-collins/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-mike-collins-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-mike-collins/"]},{"id":"P90_C001129","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Collins's campaign paid $2,492,582 to 10 surname-matched vendors — top: COLLINS FOR SENATOR ($1,011,216)","explanation":"Mike Collins's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 33 payments totaling $2,492,582 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: COLLINS FOR SENATOR ($1,011,216 across 12 payments, services: NET DISTRIBUTION OF JFC PROCEEDS · DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS · JFC TRANFSER OF NET PROCEEDS). Cycles covered: 2008, 2014, 2020, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2492582.42,"paymentCount":33,"payeeCount":10,"topPayees":[{"payee":"COLLINS FOR SENATOR","total":1011216.3300000001,"count":12,"descriptions":["NET DISTRIBUTION OF JFC PROCEEDS","DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","JFC TRANFSER OF NET PROCEEDS"]},{"payee":"HARPER COLLINS PUBLISHERS","total":511789.99,"count":8,"descriptions":["PUBLICATIONS-BOOKS","BOOK FOR DONOR FULFILLMENT","PRINTING"]},{"payee":"POSTMASTER CARDISS COLLINS POSTAL STORE","total":444003.19,"count":5,"descriptions":["POSTAGE"]},{"payee":"COLLINS, MICHAEL A","total":105000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DEBT RETIREMENT"]},{"payee":"COLLINS, JOE EDWARD III","total":103255.59,"count":1,"descriptions":["PAY BACK LOAN MADE TO THE CAMPAIGN BY THE CANDIDATE"]}],"surname":"collins"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0GA00567&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"L000598":[{"id":"P7_L000598_ag0vvk","pattern_type":"P7_IE_ATTACK_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Member was TARGETED by $1,710,937 in independent expenditure attack ads","explanation":"PACs spent $1,710,937 opposing this member across 45 events. Attack-ad concentration may explain defensive policy posture or swing-seat donation intake.","evidence":[{"source":"ie","totalOppose":1710936.95,"totalSupport":389915.1500000001,"events":45,"topAttackers":[{"name":"WelcomePAC","oppose":1264000},{"name":"CRYPTO FREEDOM PAC","oppose":287361.27},{"name":"EDF Action Votes","oppose":151275.68},{"name":"AFT Solidarity","oppose":8300}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000598_kx4bdi","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $2,839,895 in itemized individual contributions, $1,949,267 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2839895,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-292462,"$200.01-$499":128018,"$500-$999":325473,"$1000-$1999":729599,"$2000 and over":1949267},"megaShare":68.6,"smallDonorShare":-10.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P31_L000598_ieratio","pattern_type":"P31_OUTSIDE_MONEY_DOMINANCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Outside groups spent $389,915 supporting member — 2.3× their own $166,846 raise","explanation":"Independent expenditures supporting this member exceeded the member's own fundraising by 2.3×. When outside groups outspend the candidate, the campaign message is shaped primarily by unaccountable third parties rather than the candidate's own platform.","evidence":[{"source":"ie_support","amount":389915.1500000001,"events":45},{"source":"candidate_raise","amount":166846},{"source":"ratio","ratio":2.34},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"WelcomePAC","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"CRYPTO FREEDOM PAC","support":0},{"source":"ie_pac","name":"EDF Action Votes","support":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P109_L000598","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicolas LaLota named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.9M total receipts) — top: LALOTA VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Nicolas LaLota appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: LALOTA VICTORY FUND (C00823864, $1.9M receipts, treasurer DATWYLER, THOMAS). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.91,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00823864","name":"LALOTA VICTORY FUND","receipts":1906032.55,"treasurer":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00823864/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00823864/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00823864/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P174_L000598","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicolas LaLota has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Nicolas LaLota triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000598"]}],"N000147":[{"id":"P8_N000147_zc8aa3","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,072,731 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 6 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $1,072,731 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":1072730.9,"events":6,"byYear":{"2010":1072730.9},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001135","name":"AMERICANS FOR JOB SECURITY","total":822730.9,"events":5},{"cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":250000,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_N000147_g47p8t","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton campaign paid $425,663 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: NORTON AVENUE","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton's campaign paid 43 disbursements totaling $425,663 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NORTON AVENUE","total":79784,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"NORTON AVENUE","amount":14815,"date":"2017-05-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NORTON AVENUE","amount":13536,"date":"2017-03-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NORTON AVENUE","amount":12364,"date":"2017-03-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NORTON COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES","total":60000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"NORTON COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES","amount":12000,"date":"2020-10-06","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NORTON COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES","amount":6000,"date":"2020-08-21","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NORTON COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES","amount":6000,"date":"2020-06-25","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NORTON, THOMAS JOHN","total":55500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NORTON, THOMAS JOHN","amount":33500,"date":"2022-04-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NORTON, THOMAS JOHN","amount":22000,"date":"2021-10-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NELMARK, NICOLE NORTON","total":29376.68,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"NELMARK, NICOLE NORTON","amount":7344.17,"date":"2014-11-20","description":"TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"NELMARK, NICOLE NORTON","amount":7344.17,"date":"2014-10-30","description":"TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"NELMARK, NICOLE NORTON","amount":7344.17,"date":"2014-10-01","description":"TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NORTON, CHRISTINA","total":28406.98,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"NORTON, CHRISTINA","amount":18406.98,"date":"2022-12-21","description":"LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEY FEES","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"NORTON, CHRISTINA","amount":10000,"date":"2021-01-15","description":"LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEY FEES","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NORTON, KELLY","total":27303.420000000002,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"NORTON, KELLY","amount":8679.51,"date":"2017-10-02","description":"REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NORTON, KELLY","amount":6407.25,"date":"2014-09-08","description":"PAC EVENT REIMBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"NORTON, KELLY","amount":6300,"date":"2014-01-03","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"norton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NORTON%20AVENUE"]},{"id":"P57_N000147","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1073K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 77% from AMERICANS FOR JOB SECURITY","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton was the target of $1,072,730.9 in electioneering communications across 6 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was AMERICANS FOR JOB SECURITY ($822,730.9 = 77% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":1072730.9,"events":6,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":1072730.9}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001135","name":"AMERICANS FOR JOB SECURITY","total":822730.9,"events":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001135/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001101","name":"US CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","total":250000,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001101/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001135/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_N000147","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $63,000","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton received campaign contributions totaling $63,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITE HERE! ($10,000); ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($9,500); AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION ($8,500); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($7,500); AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION ($7,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":63000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":9500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION COPE","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION","donorTotal":8500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION COPA","ldaClient":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_N000147","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton's campaign paid $295,366 to 13 surname-matched vendors — top: NORTON AVENUE ($79,784)","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 33 payments totaling $295,366 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: NORTON AVENUE ($79,784 across 8 payments, services: FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE · PAC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES · FUNDRAISING CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":295366.19,"paymentCount":33,"payeeCount":13,"topPayees":[{"payee":"NORTON AVENUE","total":79784,"count":8,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT FEE","PAC FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES","FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"NORTON COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES","total":60000,"count":9,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN CONSULTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"NELMARK, NICOLE NORTON","total":29376.68,"count":4,"descriptions":["TECHNOLOGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"NORTON, CHRISTINA","total":28406.98,"count":2,"descriptions":["LEGAL PROC - ATTORNEY FEES"]},{"payee":"NORTON, JULIA","total":15000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN BY DONOR"]}],"surname":"norton"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0DC00058&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_N000147","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.9M PAC / $10.9M total)","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.9M of $10.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.95,"pacSharePct":54.1,"cycleCount":38,"fecId":"H0DC00058"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0DC00058/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P157_N000147","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,121 sponsored, 17,111 cosponsored","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton's congress.gov record shows 1,121 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1121,"cosponsoredCount":17111,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/eleanor-holmes-norton/N000147","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_N000147","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 17,111 cosponsored, 1,121 sponsored","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton's congress.gov record shows 17,111 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":17111,"sponsoredCount":1121,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/eleanor-holmes-norton/N000147","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P181_N000147","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton — 125 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton sponsored 125 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":125}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000147_DistrictofColumbiaHo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton sponsored \"District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000147_DistrictofColumbiaBu","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton sponsored \"District of Columbia Budget Autonomy Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"District of Columbia Budget Autonomy Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000147_FairPayActof2009","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton sponsored \"Fair Pay Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fair Pay Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000147_UniversalPrekinderga","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton sponsored \"Universal Prekindergarten and Early Childhood Education Act \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Universal Prekindergarten and Early Childhood Education Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000147_DistrictofColumbiaDi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton sponsored \"District of Columbia District Attorney Establishment Act of \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"District of Columbia District Attorney Establishment Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000147_DistrictofColumbiaMe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eleanor Holmes Norton sponsored \"District of Columbia Medicaid Reimbursement Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Eleanor Holmes Norton has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"District of Columbia Medicaid Reimbursement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001088":[{"id":"P8_C001088_qmtl72","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$416,968 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $416,968 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":416968,"events":3,"byYear":{"2010":252427,"2020":164541},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001259","name":"CITIZENS FOR STRENGTH AND SECURITY","total":252427,"events":2},{"cmteId":"C30002430","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL INC","total":164541,"events":1}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_C001088_643hs3","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,479 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $68,479 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":68479.15,"oppose":0,"net":68479.15,"events":43,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":20806.13,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":20783.649999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":8338.52,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":6186,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":3432.4300000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001088_etyut1","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $5,601,707 / spent $4,938,059","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00493700","cmteName":"BLUE HEN FEDERAL PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":342800,"totalDisbursements":332152.4,"cashOnHand":10647.57},{"cmteId":"C00493700","cmteName":"BLUE HEN FEDERAL PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":420705,"totalDisbursements":408463.5,"cashOnHand":22889.03},{"cmteId":"C00493700","cmteName":"BLUE HEN FEDERAL PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":937593.1,"totalDisbursements":837124.7,"cashOnHand":123357.36},{"cmteId":"C00493700","cmteName":"BLUE HEN FEDERAL PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":713000,"totalDisbursements":649358.7,"cashOnHand":186998.62},{"cmteId":"C00493700","cmteName":"BLUE HEN FEDERAL PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":527000,"totalDisbursements":583386.2,"cashOnHand":130612.46}],"totalRaised":5601706.9,"totalSpent":4938058.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_C001088_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5211 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,649,696 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5211× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,649,696. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":5211,"total":1649696,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001088_x62yo3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,600 donation spike on 2013-10-20 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-10-20 this committee recorded $61,600 across 54 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,224.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475392","date":"2013-10-20","amount":61600,"count":54,"baseline":9224,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475392/"]},{"id":"P15_C001088_kaxcjp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,943 donation spike on 2025-05-27 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-05-27 this committee recorded $59,943 across 39 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,970.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475392","date":"2025-05-27","amount":59943,"count":39,"baseline":7970,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475392/"]},{"id":"P15_C001088_hy4jdg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,277 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $50,277 across 48 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,842.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475392","date":"2020-09-30","amount":50277,"count":48,"baseline":7842,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475392/"]},{"id":"P19_C001088_l7dxkx","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Coons campaign paid $1,953,524 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: CHRIS COONS FOR DELAWARE","explanation":"Christopher Coons's campaign paid 154 disbursements totaling $1,953,524 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHRIS COONS FOR DELAWARE","total":1169532.37,"count":63,"samples":[{"payee":"CHRIS COONS FOR DELAWARE","amount":131700,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"coons","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CHRIS COONS FOR DELAWARE","amount":95000,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"coons","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHRIS COONS FOR DELAWARE","amount":72000,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"coons","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE ZAMORE GROUP","total":310423.5,"count":83,"samples":[{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP","amount":14555,"date":"2007-07-30","description":"COMPLIANCE & TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP","amount":12000,"date":"2007-07-30","description":"FECA COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP","amount":11000,"date":"2010-10-11","description":"COMPLIANCE & ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COONS, CHRISTOPHER A","total":250000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"COONS, CHRISTOPHER A","amount":250000,"date":"2010-11-30","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"coons","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COONS, MARY E.","total":194400,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"COONS, MARY E.","amount":147000,"date":"2015-01-29","description":"","surnameMatched":"coons","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"COONS, MARY E.","amount":20000,"date":"2014-11-26","description":"","surnameMatched":"coons","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"COONS, MARY E.","amount":20000,"date":"2014-11-24","description":"","surnameMatched":"coons","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE ZAMORE GROUP, LLC","total":22500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP, LLC","amount":15000,"date":"2010-11-04","description":"COMPLIANCE & ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"THE ZAMORE GROUP, LLC","amount":7500,"date":"2010-07-28","description":"COMPLIANCE & ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"zamore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"COONS, SYDNEY","total":6668.18,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"COONS, SYDNEY","amount":6668.18,"date":"2024-01-30","description":"TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENT: SEE ITEMIZATION(S) IF REQUIRED","surnameMatched":"coons","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CHRIS%20COONS%20FOR%20DELAWARE"]},{"id":"P29_C001088_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with DE D delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COONS, Christopher A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2025-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":646,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C001088","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 9 total findings","explanation":"Christopher Coons has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":9,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P38_C001088_Technology_2018","pattern_type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Technology PACs gave $11K in 2020 — 1.8× baseline — after 6-trade concentration in 2018","explanation":"Christopher Coons executed 6 trades in Technology-sector stocks during the 2018 cycle. In the following cycle (2020), PACs from the Technology industry contributed $11,000 — 1.8× the member's all-cycle baseline of $6,250/cycle. Industries routinely fund members who take favorable positions — a spike in donations following a concentrated trade/vote stance is the textbook post-hoc reward signal. This isn't proof of a quid-pro-quo, but the timing inversion (trades first, donations after) warrants scrutiny.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","cycle":"2018","sector":"Technology","tradeCount":6},{"source":"pac_spike","cycle":2020,"sector":"Technology","amount":11000,"baseline":6250,"ratio":"1.8"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_C001088_AMALGAMATED_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid AMALGAMATED BANK $14.0M — vendor also donated $80,561.44","explanation":"Christopher Coons's campaign committee paid $14,000,000 to AMALGAMATED BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $80,561.44 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 173.8× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":14000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMALGAMATED BANK","total":80561.43999999999,"count":17,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMALGAMATED%20BANK"]},{"id":"P53_C001088_MSFT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $MSFT — also a disclosed holding ($1,001 - $15,000)","explanation":"Christopher Coons disclosed an asset position in $MSFT on their 2019 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range $1,001 - $15,000. The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $MSFT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"MSFT","assetName":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation Description : Technology Company (Redmond, Washington)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","year":"2019","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53526990-95b8-40cc-a2a9-2d866d72cb71/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"MSFT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-28"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/53526990-95b8-40cc-a2a9-2d866d72cb71/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P57_C001088","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$417K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 61% from CITIZENS FOR STRENGTH AND SECURITY","explanation":"Christopher Coons was the target of $416,968 in electioneering communications across 3 events from 2 different committees. The dominant spender was CITIZENS FOR STRENGTH AND SECURITY ($252,427 = 61% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":416968,"events":3,"pacCount":2,"byYear":{"2010":252427,"2020":164541}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001259","name":"CITIZENS FOR STRENGTH AND SECURITY","total":252427,"events":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001259/"},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30002430","name":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL INC","total":164541,"events":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30002430/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001259/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P58_C001088","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$68K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 30% from NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Christopher Coons received $68,479.15 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ($20,806.13 = 30%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":68479.15,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":65974.72,"2020":3432.4300000000003},"corpCount":12},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":20806.13,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":20783.649999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, AFL-CIO (D.C.)","support":8338.52,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000120/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION","support":6186,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":3432.4300000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_C001088","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $105,561.44","explanation":"Christopher Coons received campaign contributions totaling $105,561.44 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($80,561.44); LIVE OAK BANK ($5,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS) ($5,000); HEALTHCARE DISTRIBUTION ALLIANCE (FORMERLY - HDMA) ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":105561.43999999999,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":80561.43999999999,"exact":true},{"donorName":"LIVE OAK BANK POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"LIVE OAK BANK","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE STORES (NACS)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"HEALTHCARE DISTRIBUTION ALLIANCE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"HEALTHCARE DISTRIBUTION ALLIANCE (FORMERLY - HDMA)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_C001088","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 92 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Christopher Coons's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 92 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): GQGIX, RGERX, IYMIX, JENIX, RAIIX, TSCSX, VWUAX, VGISX, PLSRX, BSBIX, MAWIX, EIFAX, GIBIX, LAHYX, IXUS, … (77 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":92,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["GQGIX","RGERX","IYMIX","JENIX","RAIIX","TSCSX","VWUAX","VGISX","PLSRX","BSBIX","MAWIX","EIFAX","GIBIX","LAHYX","IXUS","DGRO","HIGFX","FDRXX","FSGGX","CNSFX","BIOIX","FTHSX","CSSPX","GERIX","OANMX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_C001088","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 4 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$6.0M","explanation":"Christopher Coons's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 4 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $6,000,001. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real E (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Lewes Townhouse Description: Real Estate (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); TCS Lease Management LLC Company: TCS Le (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --); TCS Lease Management 2, LLC Company: TCS (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":4,"totalEstMidpoint":6000001,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real Estate (Sanibel Island, Florida) Filer comment: Gifted by S. Gore to her three sons, which includes Chris Coons (1/3 to each). Full value reported.","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"},{"name":"Lewes Townhouse Description: Real Estate (Lewes, Delaware) Filer comment: Gifted by S. Gore to her three sons, which includes Chris Coons (1/3 to each). Full value reported.","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"},{"name":"TCS Lease Management LLC Company: TCS Lease Management LLC (Sanibel Island, Florida) Description: Rental Real Estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"},{"name":"TCS Lease Management 2, LLC Company: TCS Lease Management 2, LLC (Lewes, Delaware) Description: Rental Real Estate","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P69_C001088","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $1.1M in personal liabilities (7% leverage of assets) — 3 liability items","explanation":"Christopher Coons's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $1,125,001 in personal liabilities against $15,368,558.5 in assets — a 7.3% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $1.1M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Joint; Joint. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":1125001,"totalAssetMid":15368558.5,"leverageRatio":7.3,"liabCount":3,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"1 · 2020 · Joint · Mortgage · 0 · 3.125% (30 years) · $500,001 - $1,000,000 · Chase Wilmington, DE · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Joint","fullRow":"2 · 2021 · Joint · Mortgage · None · 4.00% (30) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Dorothy A. Lingenfelter Sun City West, AZ · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_C001088","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 24 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Co-Trustee) at Robert W. Gore Trust FBO John C Coons Wilmington, ","explanation":"Christopher Coons's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 24 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Co-Trustee) at Robert W. Gore Trust FBO John C Coons Wilmington, DE (Other (Trust)); Other (Co-Trustee) at Robert W. Gore Trust FBO Margaret C Coons Wilmington, DE (Other (Trust)); Other (Co-Trustee) at Robert W. Gore Trust FBO Michael A Coons Wilmington, DE (Other (Trust)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":24,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2013 to present","role":"Other (Co-Trustee)","entity":"Robert W. Gore Trust FBO John C Coons Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Other (Trust)"},{"dates":"Jan 2013 to present","role":"Other (Co-Trustee)","entity":"Robert W. Gore Trust FBO Margaret C Coons Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Other (Trust)"},{"dates":"Jan 2013 to present","role":"Other (Co-Trustee)","entity":"Robert W. Gore Trust FBO Michael A Coons Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Other (Trust)"},{"dates":"Nov 2012 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Middle Run Charitable Foundation Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Oct 2012 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Grandma Sally's Expand Your Horizon Trust for John C Coons Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Other (Irrevocable Trust)"},{"dates":"Oct 2012 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Grandma Sally's Expand Your Horizon Trust for Margaret C Coons Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Other (Irrevocable Trust)"},{"dates":"Oct 2012 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Grandma Sally's Expand Your Horizon Trust for Michael A Coons Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Other (Irrevocable Trust)"},{"dates":"Jan 2013 to present","role":"Other (Co-Trustee)","entity":"Robert W. Gore Trust FBO Joshua R Gore Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Other (Trust)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P72_C001088","pattern_type":"P72_PFD_GIFTS_DISCLOSED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 reportable gift disclosed totaling $61,000 — top: Joint family trip, including travel by private plane & condo ($61,000.00)","explanation":"Christopher Coons's Senate annual financial disclosures report 1 reportable gifts (>$480 threshold) totaling $61,000 across recent filings. Senate gift rules limit acceptance to specific carve-outs (personal hospitality, family gifts, official foreign travel) — disclosed gifts outside ordinary hospitality bounds (luxury sports tickets, expensive trips, jewelry) create paper trails for journalists tracking influence-buying. Top gifts: Joint family trip, including travel by private plane & condo ($61,000.00) from Steve and Theresa Esmond Wilmington, DE.","evidence":[{"source":"gift_summary","count":1,"totalValue":61000,"mostRecentYear":2025,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"},{"source":"gift","date":"12/27/2017","recipient":"Self","description":"Joint family trip, including travel by private plane & condo rental (lodging paid for with points)","value":"$61,000.00","giftSource":"Steve and Theresa Esmond Wilmington, DE","year":2018}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/giftsgenerally"]},{"id":"P74_C001088_2023","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 27 new ticker holdings in 2023 not present in prior PFD filings — including IYMIX, JENIX, RIPIX, TSCSX, TFSLX, VGISX","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 27 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: IYMIX, JENIX, RIPIX, TSCSX, TFSLX, VGISX, VIESX, EIFAX, GIBIX, IXUS, FSGGX, CNSFX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2023,"count":27,"newTickers":["IYMIX","JENIX","RIPIX","TSCSX","TFSLX","VGISX","VIESX","EIFAX","GIBIX","IXUS","FSGGX","CNSFX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/10dbb62a-8353-420b-9e22-7abd6f404121/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/10dbb62a-8353-420b-9e22-7abd6f404121/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C001088","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Triggers 20 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 22 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Christopher Coons appears in 20 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 22 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 20 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (3); electioneering spend (1); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":20,"totalFindings":22,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","count":1},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P38_PAC_RECEIPT_SPIKE_POST_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C001088","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_C001088_2023","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 23 ticker holdings between 2022 and 2023 — including PLIDX, PDVYX, CGRYX, BFWFX, MXIIX, RIPNX","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 23 ticker holdings present in the 2022 filing but absent in 2023. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: PLIDX, PDVYX, CGRYX, BFWFX, MXIIX, RIPNX, CLNCX, GSMYX, JERIX, LGLFX, PCGYX, VADIX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2022,2023],"count":23,"divestedTickers":["PLIDX","PDVYX","CGRYX","BFWFX","MXIIX","RIPNX","CLNCX","GSMYX","JERIX","LGLFX","PCGYX","VADIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/10dbb62a-8353-420b-9e22-7abd6f404121/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/10dbb62a-8353-420b-9e22-7abd6f404121/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons discloses 2 private-company / restricted stock positions — W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) De…","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 2 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 2 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates  · W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":2,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) Description: Manufacturing","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"asset":"W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) Description: Manufacturing","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_C001088_2015","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons filed 2 amendments to the 2015 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Christopher Coons's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2015 report alone, with 5 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2015,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ca956cb0-43e8-4cbb-8436-42f685aa5a10/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5D7FDA4A-F060-4061-8DDA-0D65D57083E6/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ca956cb0-43e8-4cbb-8436-42f685aa5a10/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5D7FDA4A-F060-4061-8DDA-0D65D57083E6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Coons discloses 13 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (1 top-bracket + 12 unascertainable, 11% of 117 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 13 opaque-value entries (1 top-bracket, 12 unascertainable) across 117 total reported assets — 11% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: NFS/FMTC IRA FBO Christopher A Coons (--) · W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) Description: Manufactu (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · NFS/FMTC IRA FBO Ann M Coons (--) · Scholar's Edge 529 Institution: Scholar's Edge (--) · Christopher Coons Charitable Remainder Trust (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":13,"topBracketCount":1,"unascertCount":12,"totalAssets":117,"opaqueRatio":0.111,"samples":[{"asset":"NFS/FMTC IRA FBO Christopher A Coons","value":"--"},{"asset":"W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) Description: Manufactu","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"asset":"NFS/FMTC IRA FBO Ann M Coons","value":"--"},{"asset":"Scholar's Edge 529 Institution: Scholar's Edge","value":"--"},{"asset":"Christopher Coons Charitable Remainder Trust","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Coons discloses 6 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 6 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: VGISX - Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securiti · TCS Lease Management LLC Company: TCS Lease Management LLC ( · Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real Estate (Sanibel Islan · FMTC (Overland Park, KS) Type: Money Market Account.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":6,"properties":[{"name":"VGISX - Virtus Duff & Phelps Global Real Estate Securiti","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"TCS Lease Management LLC Company: TCS Lease Management LLC (Sanibel Island, Florida) Description: Rental Real ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real Estate (Sanibel Island, Florida) Filer comment: Gifted by S. Gore to he","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"FMTC (Overland Park, KS) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"TCS Lease Management 2, LLC Company: TCS Lease Management 2, LLC (Lewes, Delaware) Description: Rental Real Es","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Lewes Townhouse Description: Real Estate (Lewes, Delaware) Filer comment: Gifted by S. Gore to her three sons,","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Coons's 2025 PFD: 50 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (42% of 118 reported assets)","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 50 reported holdings owned by Spouse (49), Joint (1), or Dependent (0) — 42% of 118 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: WSFS Bank (Wilmington, DE) Type: Checking · Spouse: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) De · Spouse: NFS/FMTC IRA FBO Ann M Coons · Spouse: FSGGX - Fidelity Global Ex U.S. Index Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":49,"Joint":1,"Dependent":0,"Self":67},"totalAssets":118,"familyShare":0.424,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"WSFS Bank (Wilmington, DE) Type: Checking","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) De","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"NFS/FMTC IRA FBO Ann M Coons","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"FSGGX - Fidelity Global Ex U.S. Index Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"CNSFX - Invesco Convertible Securities Fund Cl R6","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Coons's 2025 PFD: 5 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) (Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) Description: Manufactu","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Company: W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. (Newark, DE) Description: Manufactu","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"Over $1,000,000 and held independently by spouse or dependent child"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real Estate (Sanibel Island, Florida) Filer comment: Gifted by S. ","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Lewes Townhouse Description: Real Estate (Lewes, Delaware) Filer comment: Gifted by S. Gore to her t","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"WL Gore Stock","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_C001088","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Coons's campaign paid $538,800 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: CHRIS COONS FOR DELAWARE ($253,000)","explanation":"Christopher Coons's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 44 payments totaling $538,800 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CHRIS COONS FOR DELAWARE ($253,000 across 30 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION · EARMARKED DONATION · EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2010, 2014, 2020, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":538800,"paymentCount":44,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CHRIS COONS FOR DELAWARE","total":253000,"count":30,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","EARMARKED DONATION","EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"COONS, MARY E.","total":194400,"count":4,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"COONS LEADERSHIP FUND","total":91400,"count":10,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"coons"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S0DE00092&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P91_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons (Delaware) discloses 3 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Florida (2)","explanation":"Christopher Coons represents Delaware but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Delaware (2 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Florida: 2 · Kansas: 1. Sample: TCS Lease Management LLC Company: TCS Lease Management LLC (Sanibel Island, Florida) Description: Re (Florida) · Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real Estate (Sanibel Island, Florida) Filer comment: Gifted by S.  (Florida) · FMTC (Overland Park, KS) Type: Money Market Account (Kansas).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Delaware","inStateCount":2,"outOfStateCount":3,"byState":{"FL":2,"KS":1},"samples":[{"name":"TCS Lease Management LLC Company: TCS Lease Management LLC (Sanibel Island, Florida) Description: Re","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"FL"},{"name":"Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real Estate (Sanibel Island, Florida) Filer comment: Gifted by S. ","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"FL"},{"name":"FMTC (Overland Park, KS) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"KS"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_C001088","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Coons filed 11 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 93 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Christopher Coons has filed 11 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 93 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2019 (93d late, filed 08/16/2019) · 2022 (92d late, filed 08/15/2022) · 2023 (91d late, filed 08/14/2023) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":11,"maxDaysLate":93,"samples":[{"year":2019,"filingDate":"08/16/2019","daysLate":93,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6b98dfee-74ce-473e-9c0c-c7eefd8c954d/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"08/15/2022","daysLate":92,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/15f28d25-9eec-443e-8ac8-a572092b23cf/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021"},{"year":2023,"filingDate":"08/14/2023","daysLate":91,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/10dbb62a-8353-420b-9e22-7abd6f404121/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c3e43a59-f88a-4ba4-b41c-c968ea5a7c7f/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/6b98dfee-74ce-473e-9c0c-c7eefd8c954d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/15f28d25-9eec-443e-8ac8-a572092b23cf/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/10dbb62a-8353-420b-9e22-7abd6f404121/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Chase Wilmington, DE","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$500,001 - $1,000,000) at 3.125% (30 years) from Chase Wilmington, DE.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.125% (30 years)","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","creditor":"Chase Wilmington, DE","incurred":"2020"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P102_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Middle Run Charitable Foundation","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Middle Run Charitable Foundation.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Middle Run Charitable Foundation Wilmington, DE","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Nov 2012 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P104_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher Coons's 2025 PFD lists 14 entities bearing the surname \"Coons\" — top: Christopher Coons Charitable Remainder Trust","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 14 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Coons\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Christopher Coons Charitable Remainder Trust (asset) · Ann M Coons Charitable Remainder (asset) · Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real (asset) · Lewes Townhouse Description: Real Estate (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Coons","count":14,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Christopher Coons Charitable Remainder Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Ann M Coons Charitable Remainder Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Sanibel Island Condo Description: Real Estate (Sanibel Island, Florida) Filer comment: Gifted by S. ","type":"Real Estate Residential"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Lewes Townhouse Description: Real Estate (Lewes, Delaware) Filer comment: Gifted by S. Gore to her t","type":"Real Estate Residential"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Grantor Retained Annuity Trust fbo Christopher Coons","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"position","entry":"Robert W. Gore Trust FBO John C Coons Wilmington, DE","position":"Other (Co-Trustee)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P110_C001088","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Coons's PFD net worth grew 3.8× in 11 years — 2014 $3.79M → 2025 $14.24M (CAGR 12.8%)","explanation":"Christopher Coons's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $3.79M in 2014 to $14.24M in 2025 — a 3.8× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 12.8%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":3.79,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":14.24,"growthFactor":3.75,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":12.78,"filingCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a4bd374b-bf4e-4776-8098-2925843074c1/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/a4bd374b-bf4e-4776-8098-2925843074c1/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_C001088","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.8M PAC / $46.1M total)","explanation":"Christopher Coons's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.8M of $46.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.07,"pacSharePct":32.1,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"S0DE00092"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0DE00092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_C001088","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AAPL (12d apart)","explanation":"Christopher Coons has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AAPL 2018-10-24 → 2018-11-05 (12d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"AAPL","days":12,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-10-24","date2":"2018-11-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_C001088","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Coons's PAC funding concentrates 46% in Finance ($0.10M / $0.21M classified)","explanation":"Christopher Coons's PAC donors concentrate 46% in the Finance industry — $0.10M of $0.21M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.10M · Technology $0.09M · Pharma $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.21,"concentrationPct":46.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.1,"Technology":0.09,"Pharma":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0DE00092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_C001088","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher Coons triggers 15 HIGH-severity findings across 38 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Christopher Coons accumulates 15 HIGH-severity findings across 38 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":15,"distinctDetectorTypes":38}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_C001088","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons triggers 39 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"Christopher Coons accumulates findings across 39 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 39 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":39,"sampleDetectors":["P8","P9","P10","P14","P15","P19","P29","P36","P38","P51","P53","P57","P58","P61","P63","P68","P69","P70","P72","P74","P78","P79","P81","P82","P83","P84","P87","P88","P90","P91"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P151_C001088","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons operates leadership PAC with $5.6M lifetime receipts (8 cycles) — top: BLUE HEN FEDERAL PAC","explanation":"Christopher Coons operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $5.6M and disbursements of $4.9M across 8 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: BLUE HEN FEDERAL PAC (C00493700). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":5.6,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":4.94,"yearsCovered":8,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00493700","cmteName":"BLUE HEN FEDERAL PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493700/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_C001088","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 763 sponsored, 4,046 cosponsored","explanation":"Christopher Coons's congress.gov record shows 763 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":763,"cosponsoredCount":4046,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/christopher-a.-coons/C001088","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons's 2025 PFD includes 2 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Putnam 529 Age-Based GRAD-A · Putnam 529 Age-Based GRAD-C.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"Putnam 529 Age-Based GRAD-A","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Putnam 529 Age-Based GRAD-C","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P163_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P163_PFD_MULTIPLE_FAMILY_TRUSTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons's 2025 PFD lists 2 distinct trust entities — sophisticated estate-planning architecture","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 distinct trust holdings — family trusts, irrevocable trusts, generation-skipping trusts (GST), grantor trusts, charitable remainder/lead trusts (CRT/CLT), GRATs, GRUTs, QPRTs, or dynasty trusts. Multiple-trust portfolios indicate sophisticated estate-planning architecture: each trust serves a different tax-deferral or wealth-transfer function. Heavy trust use shifts asset disclosure away from direct ownership while still concentrating economic benefit in the senator's household. Journalists should identify each trust's beneficiaries (spouse, children, grandchildren) and trustees (named individual or financial institution) to map the actual control structure. Trust entities: Christopher Coons Charitable Remainder Trust · Ann M Coons Charitable Remainder Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_multiple_family_trusts","year":"2025","count":2,"trusts":[{"name":"Christopher Coons Charitable Remainder Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"},{"name":"Ann M Coons Charitable Remainder Trust","type":"Trust General Trust","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/abusive-trust-tax-evasion-schemes-questions-and-answers"]},{"id":"P172_DE_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DE delegation: Christopher Coons & Lisa Blunt Rochester both flagged on 8 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from DE — Christopher Coons and Lisa Blunt Rochester — are flagged on the same 8 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P10, P14, P29, P81, P83, P84, P88, P104.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"DE","juniorSenatorBid":"B001303","juniorSenatorName":"Lisa Blunt Rochester","sharedDetectorCount":8,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P10","P14","P29","P81","P83","P84","P88","P104"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001088","https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001303"]},{"id":"P193_C001088_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Coons — 58 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Christopher Coons's 2025 Senate PFD shows 58 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":58,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d3762084-e080-4f01-89d5-90aa0974334f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"P000597":[{"id":"P8_P000597_13mjuq","pattern_type":"P8_ELECTIONEERING_SPEND","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$335,419 in electioneering ads mentioned this member across 3 events","explanation":"501(c)(4) and similar groups spent $335,419 on ads that named this member in the 60-day pre-election window, a legally distinct channel from direct contributions.","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering","total":335419.45999999996,"events":3,"byYear":{"2010":335419.45999999996},"topSpenders":[{"cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":335419.45999999996,"events":3}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P9_P000597_2ephuh","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$22,486 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $22,486 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":22780.28,"oppose":294.78,"net":22485.5,"events":18,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":12430.36,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003751","name":"MAINE STATE EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATION-SEIU LOCAL 1989","support":6547.1,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":1949.8600000000001,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1384.44,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":329.02,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000597_cmhjiq","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chellie Pingree campaign paid $23,861,934 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","explanation":"Chellie Pingree's campaign paid 53 disbursements totaling $23,861,934 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","total":12894540.570000002,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":6155860.02,"date":"2020-12-04","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":2079928.51,"date":"2020-12-11","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":1889366.58,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":272672.61,"date":"2016-08-01","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":269370.66,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":249489.71,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","total":1782400,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":584400,"date":"2016-03-21","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":300000,"date":"2016-03-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":284000,"date":"2016-03-09","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":623083.89,"date":"2004-09-24","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":484503.17,"date":"2004-12-09","description":"MAILING COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":449855.22,"date":"2005-08-05","description":"GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","total":1500000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","amount":1250000,"date":"2021-01-24","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","amount":250000,"date":"2021-04-14","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAUGHTRY, KELLY","total":650000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DAUGHTRY, KELLY","amount":450000,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DAUGHTRY, KELLY","amount":200000,"date":"2022-05-12","description":"IN-KIND:MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GEORGIANS%20FOR%20KELLY%20LOEFFLER"]},{"id":"P57_P000597","pattern_type":"P57_ELECTIONEERING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$335K in electioneering communications targeting this member — 100% from VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","explanation":"Chellie Pingree was the target of $335,419.46 in electioneering communications across 3 events from 1 different committees. The dominant spender was VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND ($335,419.46 = 100% of total). Electioneering communications are pre-election ads that mention a federal candidate without expressly advocating their election or defeat — Citizens United (2010) made this category effectively unlimited, allowing 501(c)(4) dark-money groups to spend without disclosing donors. Heavy electioneering is an outside-influence signal distinct from independent expenditures (which expressly advocate) and direct PAC contributions (which face strict limits).","evidence":[{"source":"electioneering_total","total":335419.45999999996,"events":3,"pacCount":1,"byYear":{"2010":335419.45999999996}},{"source":"pac","cmteId":"C30001275","name":"VOTEVETS.ORG ACTION FUND","total":335419.45999999996,"events":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C30001275/","https://www.fec.gov/data/electioneering-communications/"]},{"id":"P61_P000597","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $110,100","explanation":"Chellie Pingree received campaign contributions totaling $110,100 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":110100,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_P000597","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chellie Pingree's PAC funding concentrates 38% in Technology ($0.04M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Chellie Pingree's PAC donors concentrate 38% in the Technology industry — $0.04M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.04M · Defense $0.02M · Agriculture $0.01M · Labor $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":37.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.04,"Defense":0.02,"Agriculture":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8ME01120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_P000597","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chellie Pingree ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,755 cosponsored, 179 sponsored","explanation":"Chellie Pingree's congress.gov record shows 4,755 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4755,"sponsoredCount":179,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/chellie-pingree/P000597","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"A000370":[{"id":"P9_A000370_a2ihco","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$12,666 in corporate/union internal OPPOSE communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $12,666 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) opposing this member — top source: AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":12698.300000000001,"oppose":25364.29,"net":-12665.99,"events":20,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":0,"oppose":19921.19,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":8612.86,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":4409.3099999999995,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004676","name":"SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC","support":3667.79,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":0,"oppose":1023,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_A000370_93pcqf","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $109,500 / spent $104,867","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00572586","cmteName":"CAPITOL HEEL PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":17500,"totalDisbursements":4982.7,"cashOnHand":12517.35},{"cmteId":"C00572586","cmteName":"CAPITOL HEEL PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":15329.4,"cashOnHand":2187.95},{"cmteId":"C00572586","cmteName":"CAPITOL HEEL PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":32500,"totalDisbursements":18054,"cashOnHand":16633.95},{"cmteId":"C00572586","cmteName":"CAPITOL HEEL PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":31500,"totalDisbursements":31552.6,"cashOnHand":16581.31},{"cmteId":"C00572586","cmteName":"CAPITOL HEEL PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":23000,"totalDisbursements":25493.2,"cashOnHand":14088.11}],"totalRaised":109500,"totalSpent":104866.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_A000370_otlf3m","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alma Adams campaign paid $34,644,588 to 37 surname-matched vendors, top: CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","explanation":"Alma Adams's campaign paid 179 disbursements totaling $34,644,588 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","total":24166919.750000004,"count":65,"samples":[{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","amount":1636113.75,"date":"2016-06-16","description":"DIRECT MARKETING","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","amount":1168724.28,"date":"2016-08-18","description":"DIRECT MARKETING","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","amount":1074555.75,"date":"2016-05-24","description":"DIRECT MARKETING","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADAMS NATIONAL BANK","total":8114429,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"ADAMS NATIONAL BANK","amount":750000,"date":"1988-01-04","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO INDIVIDUAL","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988},{"payee":"ADAMS NATIONAL BANK","amount":750000,"date":"1988-06-20","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988},{"payee":"ADAMS NATIONAL BANK","amount":750000,"date":"1988-05-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENTS MADE TO BANKS","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1988}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS & HUSSEY","total":374900.36,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS & HUSSEY","amount":149337.8,"date":"2012-12-06","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS & HUSSEY","amount":116934.72,"date":"2013-06-04","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS & HUSSEY","amount":108627.84,"date":"2012-07-03","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADAMS CONSTRUCTION LLC","total":300000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ADAMS CONSTRUCTION LLC","amount":150000,"date":"2023-05-30","description":"FACILITY REPAIRS","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ADAMS CONSTRUCTION LLC","amount":150000,"date":"2025-11-12","description":"FACILITY REPAIRS","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADAMS HUSSEY & ASSOCIATES","total":262724.2,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ADAMS HUSSEY & ASSOCIATES","amount":139223.24,"date":"2010-07-07","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"ADAMS HUSSEY & ASSOCIATES","amount":123500.96,"date":"2010-12-14","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","total":237534.91999999998,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":123961.25,"date":"2025-01-21","description":"CAREY ACCT: LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":113573.67,"date":"2025-01-17","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"adams","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CHAPMAN%20CUBINE%20ADAMS%20%2B%20HUSSEY"]},{"id":"P61_A000370","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $137,500","explanation":"Alma Adams received campaign contributions totaling $137,500 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":137500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_A000370","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alma Adams's campaign paid $25,312,411 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY ($24,166,920)","explanation":"Alma Adams's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 73 payments totaling $25,312,411 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY ($24,166,920 across 65 payments, services: DIRECT MARKETING). Cycles covered: 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":25312410.570000004,"paymentCount":73,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS + HUSSEY","total":24166919.750000004,"count":65,"descriptions":["DIRECT MARKETING"]},{"payee":"CHAPMAN CUBINE ADAMS & HUSSEY","total":374900.36,"count":3,"descriptions":["PRINTING","DIRECT MAIL"]},{"payee":"ADAMS HUSSEY & ASSOCIATES","total":262724.2,"count":2,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL"]},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN","total":227366.26,"count":1,"descriptions":["LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"ADAMS STATE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION","total":150000,"count":1,"descriptions":["DONATION"]}],"surname":"adams"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NC12100&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_A000370","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alma Adams draws 67% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.8M PAC / $10.3M total)","explanation":"Alma Adams's FEC-bulk record shows 67% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.8M of $10.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.85,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.28,"pacSharePct":66.7,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4NC12100"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NC12100/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001047":[{"id":"P9_H001047_j3640o","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,496 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $52,496 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":52496.21,"oppose":0,"net":52496.21,"events":42,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":20425.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":13992,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":7600.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":7065.280000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1857.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001047_got8gi","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,082,025 / spent $2,051,009","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00494112","cmteName":"BEEPAC (BUILDING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT PAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":219148.3,"totalDisbursements":210214.3,"cashOnHand":8934.03},{"cmteId":"C00494112","cmteName":"BEEPAC (BUILDING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT PAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":313173.3,"totalDisbursements":314569.3,"cashOnHand":7538.1},{"cmteId":"C00494112","cmteName":"BEEPAC (BUILDING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":427253.9,"totalDisbursements":418153.5,"cashOnHand":22159.4},{"cmteId":"C00494112","cmteName":"BEEPAC (BUILDING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT PAC)","year":"2020","totalReceipts":354110,"totalDisbursements":322215.9,"cashOnHand":54053.47},{"cmteId":"C00494112","cmteName":"BEEPAC (BUILDING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT PAC)","year":"2022","totalReceipts":236500,"totalDisbursements":249536.7,"cashOnHand":41016.77}],"totalRaised":2082024.5,"totalSpent":2051008.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001047_lw3ch5","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $105,450 in itemized individual contributions, $66,200 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":105450,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":750,"$500-$999":7500,"$1000-$1999":31000,"$2000 and over":66200},"megaShare":62.8,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001047_5x4s05","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” Himes campaign paid $4,574,390 to 35 surname-matched vendors, top: JC-EVANS, INC.","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes's campaign paid 104 disbursements totaling $4,574,390 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JC-EVANS, INC.","total":863982.95,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":127285.73,"date":"2006-03-13","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":112981.38,"date":"2006-03-29","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JC-EVANS, INC.","amount":109158.32,"date":"2006-02-13","description":"MASS MAIL","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EVANS ENTERPRISES, LLC","total":568774,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"EVANS ENTERPRISES, LLC","amount":568774,"date":"2016-09-12","description":"CAMPAIGN CONSULTANT SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","total":475000,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","amount":100000,"date":"2006-10-05","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","amount":75000,"date":"2009-04-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CITIZENS TO  ELECT DWIGHT EVANS","amount":75000,"date":"2008-08-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HIMES, JAMES A. REP.","total":390001,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"HIMES, JAMES A. REP.","amount":156725.5,"date":"2013-01-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"himes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HIMES, JAMES A. REP.","amount":60000,"date":"2010-11-22","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"himes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"HIMES, JAMES A. REP.","amount":60000,"date":"2010-12-09","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"himes","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","total":377179,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2025-05-13","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2025-05-08","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ARMOUR EVANS MEDIA LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2025-05-15","description":"ISSUES ADS","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","total":348967.2,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":44348.5,"date":"2021-01-06","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":40254.44,"date":"2022-12-21","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"EVANS & KATZ LLC","amount":29826.75,"date":"2022-10-14","description":"COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"evans","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JC-EVANS"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_118957","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118957","title":"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market","date":"2026-02-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Greater_New_York_Insurance_Com_118613","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greater New York Insurance Companies testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-09-17 held a hearing titled \"The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002\". The witness Mrs. Elizabeth Heck (Greater New York Insurance Companies) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118613","title":"The Reauthorization of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002","date":"2025-09-17T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Elizabeth Heck","witnessOrg":"Greater New York Insurance Companies","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118613"},{"source":"donor","name":"NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NY","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEW%20YORK%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118613","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NEW%20YORK%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Global_Business_Alliance_118489","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Global Business Alliance testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2025-07-16 held a hearing titled \"U.S. Policy on Investment Security\". The witness Mr. Jonathan Samford (Global Business Alliance) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"118489","title":"U.S. Policy on Investment Security","date":"2025-07-16T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jonathan Samford","witnessOrg":"Global Business Alliance","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118489"},{"source":"donor","name":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SMALL%20BUSINESS%20INVESTOR%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118489","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SMALL%20BUSINESS%20INVESTOR%20ALLIANCE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Securities_Industry_and_Financ_118488","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-15 held a hearing titled \"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead\". The witness The Honorable Ken Bentsen (Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118488","title":"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead","date":"2025-07-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Ken Bentsen","witnessOrg":"Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488"},{"source":"donor","name":"SECURITIES INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SIFMA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SECURITIES%20INDUSTRY%20AND%20FINANCIAL%20MARKETS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(SIFMA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=SECURITIES%20INDUSTRY%20AND%20FINANCIAL%20MARKETS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(SIFMA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Investment_Company_Institute_118488","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Investment Company Institute testified before House Financial Services — also a $8,500 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-15 held a hearing titled \"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead\". The witness Mr. Tom Quaadman (Investment Company Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $8,500 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118488","title":"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead","date":"2025-07-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Quaadman","witnessOrg":"Investment Company Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488"},{"source":"donor","name":"INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":8500,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INVESTMENT%20COMPANY%20INSTITUTE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INVESTMENT%20COMPANY%20INSTITUTE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC (NMHC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20(NMHC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20(NMHC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"CT","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC (NMHC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20(NMHC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20(NMHC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Chairman_Federal_Deposit_Insur_117304","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation testified before House Financial Services — also a $4,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-05-15 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Martin Gruenberg (Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $4,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117304","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2024-05-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Martin Gruenberg","witnessOrg":"Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117304"},{"source":"donor","name":"NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":4000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"WI","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NORTHWESTERN%20MUTUAL%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117304","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NORTHWESTERN%20MUTUAL%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20FEDERAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE FINANCE COUNCIL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"NY","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMERCIAL%20REAL%20ESTATE%20FINANCE%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=COMMERCIAL%20REAL%20ESTATE%20FINANCE%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC (NMHC PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20(NMHC%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC%20(NMHC%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_H001047_Mortgage_Bankers_Association_119232","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mortgage Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $3,500 donor","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes sits on House Financial Services, which on 2026-04-28 held a hearing titled \"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities\". The witness Mr. Robert Broeksmit (Mortgage Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"119232","title":"Prioritizing Main Street: Evaluating the Impact of Capital Proposals on Economic Growth and American Communities","date":"2026-04-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Robert Broeksmit","witnessOrg":"Mortgage Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232"},{"source":"donor","name":"MORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":3500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119232","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MORTGAGE%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"]},{"id":"P58_H001047","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$52K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 39% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes received $52,496.21 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS ($20,425.09 = 39%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":52496.21,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":42521.399999999994,"2012":2475.6699999999996,"2014":7619.14},"corpCount":10},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":20425.09,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":13992,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":7600.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":7065.280000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O","TP",""],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1857.96,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_H001047","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $173,500","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes received campaign contributions totaling $173,500 from 29 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 29 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); ERNST & YOUNG LLP ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":29,"totalDollars":173500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ERNST & YOUNG LLP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (LEASEPAC)","ldaClient":"EQUIPMENT LEASING AND FINANCE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AICPA PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_H001047","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James “Jim” Himes's campaign paid $33,525 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: HIMES, JAMES A MR. ($28,525)","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $33,525 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HIMES, JAMES A MR. ($28,525 across 2 payments, services: LOAN FORGIVEN · EVENT TICKETS). Cycles covered: 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":33525,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HIMES, JAMES A MR.","total":28525,"count":2,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVEN","EVENT TICKETS"]},{"payee":"HIMES, JIM","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"himes"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8CT04172&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P136_H001047","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James “Jim” Himes ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.2M across 20 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes's FEC-bulk record shows $18.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 20 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $47.9M (PAC: $18.2M, individual: $26.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.92,"lifetimeIndividualM":26.76,"cycleCount":20,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8CT04172"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CT04172/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_H001047","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"James “Jim” Himes draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.2M PAC / $47.9M total)","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.2M of $47.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.92,"pacSharePct":37.9,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8CT04172"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CT04172/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_H001047","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James “Jim” Himes's PAC funding concentrates 42% in Finance ($0.08M / $0.20M classified)","explanation":"James “Jim” Himes's PAC donors concentrate 42% in the Finance industry — $0.08M of $0.20M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.08M · Technology $0.06M · Energy $0.02M · Labor $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.2,"concentrationPct":41.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.08,"Technology":0.06,"Energy":0.02,"Labor":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CT04172/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"L000562":[{"id":"P9_L000562_7fq971","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$47,460 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $47,460 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":47459.72,"oppose":0,"net":47459.72,"events":18,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":29525.13,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70005640","name":"NEW ENGLAND REGIONAL COUNCIL OF CARPENTERS","support":10489.23,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":6994,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":303.09999999999997,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEEL, PAPER AND FORESTRY, RUBBER, MANUFACTURING, ENERGY, ALLIED INDUSTRIAL AND SER","support":148.26,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_L000562_6zxo8g","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $262,500 / spent $162,917","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00491142","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE DEMOCRAT PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":5000},{"cmteId":"C00491142","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE DEMOCRAT PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":75,"cashOnHand":4925},{"cmteId":"C00491142","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE DEMOCRAT PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":13000,"totalDisbursements":75,"cashOnHand":17850},{"cmteId":"C00491142","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE DEMOCRAT PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":45000,"totalDisbursements":4999.7,"cashOnHand":57850.26},{"cmteId":"C00491142","cmteName":"COMMON SENSE DEMOCRAT PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":16000,"totalDisbursements":56301.4,"cashOnHand":17548.84}],"totalRaised":262500,"totalSpent":162917.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000562_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Stephen Lynch executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-05-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Export Control Measures Under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) To Address Iranian Aggression Against Israel a","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2024-04-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_L000562_vzdjm8","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stephen Lynch campaign paid $17,651,787 to 82 surname-matched vendors, top: MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUT","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's campaign paid 197 disbursements totaling $17,651,787 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","total":2290000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN SHIANG (CREW) IN-KIND CONTRIBUTION","amount":2290000,"date":"2022-05-18","description":"IN-KIND -","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","total":2026534.32,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":1000000,"date":"2012-05-08","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2012-05-21","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING/ AIRTIME ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"RINDY MILLER MEDIA","amount":117900,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"MEDIA BUYS","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","total":1484730.24,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":182000,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":169012.44,"date":"2021-12-15","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CRAIG MILLER PRODUCTIONS INC","amount":154500,"date":"2022-09-14","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"miller","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTIN & BLAINE","total":1298569.47,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":303910.75,"date":"2024-02-28","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":202249.81,"date":"2024-02-08","description":"PRINTING SERVICES, ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MARTIN & BLAINE","amount":180810,"date":"2024-02-20","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MERRILL LYNCH","total":753574.72,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MERRILL LYNCH","amount":500000,"date":"2005-07-05","description":"PURCHASE CD'S","surnameMatched":"lynch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MERRILL LYNCH","amount":192000,"date":"2005-09-01","description":"PURCHASE CD'S","surnameMatched":"lynch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"MERRILL LYNCH","amount":25414.39,"date":"2008-05-28","description":"LOSS DUE TO LIQUIDATION OF INVESTMENT","surnameMatched":"lynch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BURNS, MARTIN","total":660000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":435000,"date":"2014-02-04","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"BURNS, MARTIN","amount":225000,"date":"2016-04-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"martin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARTIN%20SHIANG%20(CREW)%20IN-KIND%20CONTRIBUTION"]},{"id":"P43_L000562_NVDA_20240522","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NVDA 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Stephen Lynch buy $NVDA 8 days before a corporate insider (MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"MCCAFFERY MICHAEL G  (CIK 0001256735)","filingDate":"2024-05-30","adsh":"0001045810-24-000130"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_L000562","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $100,617.78","explanation":"Stephen Lynch received campaign contributions totaling $100,617.78 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CITIZENS BANK, N.A. ($15,617.78); UNITE HERE! ($10,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":100617.78,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"CITIZENS BANK","ldaClient":"CITIZENS BANK, N.A.","donorTotal":15617.779999999999,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOC. INT'L PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P70_L000562","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Officer at Jeff Lynch Appliance Center Greenville, South Caro","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Jeff Lynch Appliance Center Greenville, South Carolina (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2026","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2023 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Jeff Lynch Appliance Center Greenville, South Carolina","entityType":"Corporation"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_L000562","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$626,061 in outside earned income — top source: Lynch Appliance Center, Inc. Greenville, South Carolina ($$626,061.00)","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $626,061 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Lynch Appliance Center, Inc. Greenville, South Carolina ($626,061.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":626061,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Lynch Appliance Center, Inc. Greenville, South Carolina","amount":"$626,061.00","amountNumeric":626061}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P88_L000562_2026","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Lynch Properties Description: Jeff Lynch Appliance Center (Greenville, South Carolina)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Northwestern Mutual","type":"Life Insurance Variable","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_L000562","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stephen Lynch's campaign paid $1,431,708 to 15 surname-matched vendors — top: MERRILL LYNCH ($737,525)","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 31 payments totaling $1,431,708 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MERRILL LYNCH ($737,525 across 5 payments, services: PURCHASE CD'S · LOSS DUE TO LIQUIDATION OF INVESTMENT · RETIREMENT). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1431708.18,"paymentCount":31,"payeeCount":15,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MERRILL LYNCH","total":737524.72,"count":5,"descriptions":["PURCHASE CD'S","LOSS DUE TO LIQUIDATION OF INVESTMENT","RETIREMENT"]},{"payee":"MERRILL LYNCH WEALTH MANAGEMENT","total":347500,"count":2,"descriptions":["LOAN PAYMENT"]},{"payee":"BILL LYNCH ASSOCIATES","total":139047.62,"count":6,"descriptions":["PRINTING & MAILING","CONSULTANT CAMPAIGN MANAGER","BALANCE DUE FOR PRINTING & DESIGN FEE"]},{"payee":"LYNCH, KRISTIN","total":40000,"count":5,"descriptions":["STRATEGIC CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MERRIL LYNCH READY ASSETS TRUST","total":25674.89,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALE OF STOCK (SEE MEMO)"]}],"surname":"lynch"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2MA09072&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P103_L000562_2026","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen Lynch holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2026 PFD — top: Officer · Jeff Lynch Appliance Center","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Officer · Jeff Lynch Appliance Center (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2026","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Jeff Lynch Appliance Center Greenville, South Carolina","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 2023 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_L000562_2026","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 PFD lists 2 entities bearing the surname \"Lynch\" — top: Lynch Properties Description: Jeff Lynch","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure references 2 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Lynch\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Lynch Properties Description: Jeff Lynch (asset) · Jeff Lynch Appliance Center Greenville, (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2026","surname":"Lynch","count":2,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Lynch Properties Description: Jeff Lynch Appliance Center (Greenville, South Carolina)","type":"Real Estate Commercial"},{"source":"position","entry":"Jeff Lynch Appliance Center Greenville, South Carolina","position":"Officer"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P135_L000562","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen Lynch's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $6.4M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $6.4M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 4; earned-income on first filing: $627,061.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":6375001.5,"assetCount":4,"earnedIncome":627061,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2b996a8c-7584-42d9-857c-4c4d48e1a86e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2b996a8c-7584-42d9-857c-4c4d48e1a86e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_L000562","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen Lynch draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.6M PAC / $27.4M total)","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.6M of $27.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.61,"lifetimeReceiptsM":27.42,"pacSharePct":35.1,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2MA09072"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MA09072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P147_L000562_2026","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 PFD reports earned income $627K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Lynch Appliance Center, Inc.)","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $627,061 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from Lynch Appliance Center, Inc. ($626,061.00) · Spouse: Salary from Lynch Appliance Center, Inc. (> $1,000). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2026","earnedIncome":627061,"earnedIncomeK":627,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Lynch Appliance Center, Inc. Greenville, South Carolina","amount":"$626,061.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Lynch Appliance Center, Inc. Greenville, South Carolina","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P148_L000562","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stephen Lynch's PAC funding concentrates 46% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's PAC donors concentrate 46% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.02M · Finance $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":46.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.02,"Finance":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MA09072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P173_L000562_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Stephen Lynch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/041d24d8-48dc-4cdd-8d5f-e53495870d82/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P182_L000562_FEHBPPrescriptionDru","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stephen Lynch sponsored \"FEHBP Prescription Drug Integrity, Transparency, and Cost Sa\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Stephen Lynch has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"FEHBP Prescription Drug Integrity, Transparency, and Cost Savings Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001067":[{"id":"P9_C001067_buy98n","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,022 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,022 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13021.9,"oppose":0,"net":13021.9,"events":8,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":11738,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":1269.25,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001359","name":"NEW YORK STATE PUBLIC EMPLOYEES FEDERATION - COPE","support":14.65,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001067_wl1ijo","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $563,922 / spent $556,750","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00625558","cmteName":"MILK RIVER PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":49500,"totalDisbursements":457.2,"cashOnHand":49042.8},{"cmteId":"C00625558","cmteName":"MILK RIVER PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":128869,"totalDisbursements":155230.8,"cashOnHand":22681.05},{"cmteId":"C00625558","cmteName":"MILK RIVER PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":58300,"totalDisbursements":67213.4,"cashOnHand":13767.61},{"cmteId":"C00625558","cmteName":"MILK RIVER PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":57570,"totalDisbursements":65966.5,"cashOnHand":5371.08},{"cmteId":"C00625558","cmteName":"MILK RIVER PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":127008.5,"totalDisbursements":113134.9,"cashOnHand":19244.62}],"totalRaised":563922.1,"totalSpent":556750.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001067_lw5aaq","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $102,300 in itemized individual contributions, $80,800 (79%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":102300,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":3500,"$500-$999":4500,"$1000-$1999":13500,"$2000 and over":80800},"megaShare":79,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001067_b78nfr","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Yvette Clarke campaign paid $2,576,794 to 21 surname-matched vendors, top: ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","explanation":"Yvette Clarke's campaign paid 113 disbursements totaling $2,576,794 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","total":1253374.8699999999,"count":41,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":87716.64,"date":"2024-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47720.39,"date":"2024-10-24","description":"REIMBURSED EXPENSES - ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING LLC","amount":47670.76,"date":"2025-05-06","description":"REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","total":644292.1699999999,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":57101.49,"date":"2025-07-10","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":49837.55,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC","amount":40333.9,"date":"2023-06-08","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ITEMIZED BELOW","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","total":439416.06000000006,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":38708.18,"date":"2022-10-21","description":"FUNDRAISING FEE AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":37204.16,"date":"2023-02-03","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENESES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING","amount":36897.93,"date":"2020-01-08","description":"CONSULTING FEES AND REIMBURSED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","total":133303.82,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":25129.53,"date":"2013-12-31","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":25000,"date":"2016-07-01","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING,  LLC","amount":22000,"date":"2013-08-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLARKE, HANSEN","total":40800,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CLARKE, HANSEN","amount":20800,"date":"2010-08-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"clarke","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"CLARKE, HANSEN","amount":20000,"date":"2010-04-09","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"clarke","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC.","total":30376.35,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ANGERHOLZER BROZ CONSULTING, LLC.","amount":30376.35,"date":"2023-12-07","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES , TRANSPORTATION & EVENT EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"broz","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ANGERHOLZER%20BROZ%20CONSULTING%20LLC"]},{"id":"P61_C001067","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $153,900","explanation":"Yvette Clarke received campaign contributions totaling $153,900 from 25 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 25 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($13,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($9,900).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":25,"totalDollars":153900,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":13000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL A","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":9900,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_C001067","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Yvette Clarke draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.5M PAC / $18.3M total)","explanation":"Yvette Clarke's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.5M of $18.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.53,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.3,"pacSharePct":57.5,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4NY11138"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY11138/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C001067","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Yvette Clarke's PAC funding concentrates 38% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Yvette Clarke's PAC donors concentrate 38% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Labor $0.02M · Healthcare $0.02M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":38.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Labor":0.02,"Healthcare":0.02,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY11138/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_C001067","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Yvette Clarke ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,852 cosponsored, 199 sponsored","explanation":"Yvette Clarke's congress.gov record shows 5,852 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5852,"sponsoredCount":199,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/yvette-d.-clarke/C001067","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P195_C001067","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Yvette Clarke — DW-NOMINATE -0.61 vs NY delegation mean -0.09 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Yvette Clarke's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.61) is 1.6 standard deviations from the NY delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NY","memberScore":-0.606,"delegationMean":-0.0898086956521739,"zscore":"1.56"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"D000399":[{"id":"P9_D000399_7epdjy","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$39,339 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $39,339 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":39339.08,"oppose":0,"net":39339.08,"events":10,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":36396.27,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":2842,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO COPE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","support":98.81,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEEL, PAPER AND FORESTRY, RUBBER, MANUFACTURING, ENERGY, ALLIED INDUSTRIAL AND SER","support":2,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_D000399_PPG_2019-03-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PPG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-13 and 2019-03-15, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on PPG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","date":"2019-03-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PPG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000399","name":"Lloyd Doggett"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-03-13 to 2019-03-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000399_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lloyd Doggett executed 15 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2026-03-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-12-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-06-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2025-03-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revocation of Regulations Regarding the Mutual Recognition of Pharmaceutical Good Manufacturing Practice Reports, Medica","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2026-02-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; End-Stage Renal Disease Prospective Payment System, Payment for Renal Dialysis Services Furnished to I","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2025-11-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000399_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"25 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Lloyd Doggett executed 25 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2026-03-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-12-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-06-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2025-03-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Demersal Shelf Rockfish in the Western, Central, and West Yakutat R","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2026-02-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revisions to the Entity List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2025-11-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000399_7zic17","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lloyd Doggett campaign paid $360,739 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: DOGGETT FOR US CONGRESS","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett's campaign paid 60 disbursements totaling $360,739 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOGGETT FOR US CONGRESS","total":155000,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"DOGGETT FOR US CONGRESS","amount":5000,"date":"2012-09-19","description":"","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DOGGETT FOR US CONGRESS","amount":5000,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DOGGETT FOR US CONGRESS","amount":5000,"date":"2008-02-25","description":"2008 PRIMARY CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOGGETT, PATRICK","total":74500,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"DOGGETT, PATRICK","amount":6000,"date":"2023-06-14","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DOGGETT, PATRICK","amount":6000,"date":"2023-05-24","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DOGGETT, PATRICK","amount":6000,"date":"2023-04-25","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOGGETT STRATEGIES LLC","total":44000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"DOGGETT STRATEGIES LLC","amount":5500,"date":"2026-02-25","description":"PAC  STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"DOGGETT STRATEGIES LLC","amount":5500,"date":"2026-01-27","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"DOGGETT STRATEGIES LLC","amount":5500,"date":"2025-12-26","description":"PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOGGETT COMPANY","total":29626.27,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DOGGETT COMPANY","amount":19943.7,"date":"2011-10-17","description":"TRAVEL 9/19/11 - 9/21/11","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DOGGETT COMPANY","amount":9682.57,"date":"2011-10-27","description":"TRAVEL 9/19/11 - 9/21/11","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOGGETT, JEFFREY","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DOGGETT, JEFFREY","amount":20000,"date":"2011-01-28","description":"CAMPAIGN DIRECTOR","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERESA DOGGETT FOR COMPTROLLER","total":15000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TERESA DOGGETT FOR COMPTROLLER","amount":15000,"date":"1994-09-22","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"doggett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1994}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DOGGETT%20FOR%20US%20CONGRESS"]},{"id":"P23_D000399_j3mycs","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"47 trades in IBM (Technology) — 21% of this member's 222 total trades","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"IBM","count":47,"buys":47,"sells":0,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2014-03-11","lastDate":"2026-03-10"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"PG","count":47,"buys":47,"sells":0,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2014-05-15","lastDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"HD","count":42,"buys":42,"sells":0,"sector":"Consumer","firstDate":"2015-03-26","lastDate":"2026-03-26"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"KO","count":36,"buys":36,"sells":0,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2016-12-16","lastDate":"2025-12-15"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"PPG","count":33,"buys":33,"sells":0,"sector":"Industrial","firstDate":"2017-09-13","lastDate":"2026-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_D000399_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DOGGETT, Lloyd Alton, II voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":3,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":360,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":1,"description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_D000399","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 7 total findings","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":7,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_D000399_KO_20230404","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $KO 1 day after a corporate insider (Benjamin William Stephen  (CIK 0001727957)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Benjamin William Stephen  (CIK 0001727957)","filingDate":"2023-04-03","adsh":"0001062993-23-008352","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000399_KO_20211215","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $KO 1 day after a corporate insider (KO BRYAN SEUK  (CIK 0001800741)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"KO BRYAN SEUK  (CIK 0001800741)","filingDate":"2021-12-14","adsh":"0001209191-21-069450","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000399_HD_20200327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $HD 1 day after a corporate insider (Decker Edward P.  (CIK 0001615935)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Decker Edward P.  (CIK 0001615935)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-021303","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000399_PG_20241115","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PG 2 days after a corporate insider (Partners Group Private Equity (Master Fund), LLC  (CIK 0001447247)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-11-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Partners Group Private Equity (Master Fund), LLC  (CIK 0001447247)","filingDate":"2024-11-13","adsh":"0000950170-24-126311","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000399_HD_20250327","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $HD 2 days after a corporate insider (Bastek William D  (CIK 0001970134)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Bastek William D  (CIK 0001970134)","filingDate":"2025-03-25","adsh":"0000354950-25-000088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000399_HD_20240613","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $HD 3 days after a corporate insider (ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)","filingDate":"2024-06-10","adsh":"0001140361-24-029623","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_D000399_KO_20240401","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KO 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $KO 5 days after a corporate insider (Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Alex  (CIK 0001442518)","filingDate":"2024-03-27","adsh":"0001437749-24-009670","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_KO_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $KO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $KO 1 day before a corporate insider (Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KO","filer":"Ko Harper H.  (CIK 0001726261)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001318568-20-000078"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20260312","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 1 day before a corporate insider (KNAVISH TIMOTHY M  (CIK 0001669058)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"KNAVISH TIMOTHY M  (CIK 0001669058)","filingDate":"2026-03-13","adsh":"0000079879-26-000107"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20240912","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 1 day before a corporate insider (LAMACH MICHAEL W  (CIK 0001279505)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"LAMACH MICHAEL W  (CIK 0001279505)","filingDate":"2024-09-13","adsh":"0000079879-24-000182"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20240312","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 1 day before a corporate insider (Roberts III Chris  (CIK 0001775438)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Roberts III Chris  (CIK 0001775438)","filingDate":"2024-03-13","adsh":"0000079879-24-000080"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20220912","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 1 day before a corporate insider (Foulkes Anne M.  (CIK 0001748676)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Foulkes Anne M.  (CIK 0001748676)","filingDate":"2022-09-13","adsh":"0001209191-22-049623"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20210913","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 1 day before a corporate insider (LIGOCKI KATHLEEN  (CIK 0001261013)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"LIGOCKI KATHLEEN  (CIK 0001261013)","filingDate":"2021-09-14","adsh":"0001209191-21-055851"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20200914","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 1 day before a corporate insider (Liebert Rebecca B.  (CIK 0001744488)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Liebert Rebecca B.  (CIK 0001744488)","filingDate":"2020-09-15","adsh":"0001209191-20-050402"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PG_20240815","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PG 1 day before a corporate insider (Partners Group Private Equity (Master Fund), LLC  (CIK 0001447247)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-08-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Partners Group Private Equity (Master Fund), LLC  (CIK 0001447247)","filingDate":"2024-08-16","adsh":"0000950170-24-098246"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PG_20230216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PG 1 day before a corporate insider (Foster Christopher A  (CIK 0001825948)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Foster Christopher A  (CIK 0001825948)","filingDate":"2023-02-17","adsh":"0001004980-23-000010"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PG_20200817","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PG 1 day before a corporate insider (SIMON JOHN R  (CIK 0001199412)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"SIMON JOHN R  (CIK 0001199412)","filingDate":"2020-08-18","adsh":"0001127602-20-023850"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_JNJ_20230308","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $JNJ 1 day before a corporate insider (HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)","filingDate":"2023-03-09","adsh":"0001225208-23-003666"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_HD_20241212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $HD 1 day before a corporate insider (Lacey Roger HD  (CIK 0001469238)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Lacey Roger HD  (CIK 0001469238)","filingDate":"2024-12-13","adsh":"0001213900-24-108851"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_HD_20211216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $HD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $HD 1 day before a corporate insider (McPhail Richard V  (CIK 0001787630)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"McPhail Richard V  (CIK 0001787630)","filingDate":"2021-12-17","adsh":"0000354950-21-000238"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20240612","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PPG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 2 days before a corporate insider (LIGOCKI KATHLEEN  (CIK 0001261013)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"LIGOCKI KATHLEEN  (CIK 0001261013)","filingDate":"2024-06-14","adsh":"0000079879-24-000129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PG_20260217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $PG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PG 2 days before a corporate insider (SIMON JOHN R  (CIK 0001199412)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2026-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"SIMON JOHN R  (CIK 0001199412)","filingDate":"2026-02-19","adsh":"0001628280-26-009885"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_JNJ_20250610","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $JNJ 2 days before a corporate insider (HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)","filingDate":"2025-06-12","adsh":"0000200406-25-000156"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_JNJ_20240910","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $JNJ 2 days before a corporate insider (HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)","filingDate":"2024-09-12","adsh":"0001225208-24-008646"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_JNJ_20240305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $JNJ 2 days before a corporate insider (Woods Eugene A.  (CIK 0001762647)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Woods Eugene A.  (CIK 0001762647)","filingDate":"2024-03-07","adsh":"0001225208-24-003853"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_JNJ_20220906","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JNJ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $JNJ 2 days before a corporate insider (HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"HEWSON MARILLYN A  (CIK 0001217496)","filingDate":"2022-09-08","adsh":"0001225208-22-010159"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20220610","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PPG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 3 days before a corporate insider (NOVO GUILLERMO  (CIK 0001434813)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"NOVO GUILLERMO  (CIK 0001434813)","filingDate":"2022-06-13","adsh":"0001209191-22-036242"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20250612","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PPG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 4 days before a corporate insider (Hagerty Chancey E.  (CIK 0001975442)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Hagerty Chancey E.  (CIK 0001975442)","filingDate":"2025-06-16","adsh":"0000079879-25-000176"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PPG_20250312","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PPG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PPG 5 days before a corporate insider (Morales Vincent J  (CIK 0001700271)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Morales Vincent J  (CIK 0001700271)","filingDate":"2025-03-17","adsh":"0000079879-25-000079"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_PG_20200219","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $PG 5 days before a corporate insider (Thomason David S.  (CIK 0001676160)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Thomason David S.  (CIK 0001676160)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-007408"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_HD_20240321","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $HD 5 days before a corporate insider (ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"ZUU Co. Ltd.  (CIK 0002010776)","filingDate":"2024-03-26","adsh":"0001140361-24-015411"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_HD_20220324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HD 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett buy $HD 5 days before a corporate insider (KINNAIRD JEFFREY G  (CIK 0001828639)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"KINNAIRD JEFFREY G  (CIK 0001828639)","filingDate":"2022-03-29","adsh":"0000354950-22-000110"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000399_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+8 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett accumulated 33 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 8 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":8,"totalRaw":33}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_D000399_2026-01-08_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 30 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett delivered a 187-word floor speech on 2026-01-08 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, our vote today represents hope, the hope of millions to access their family physi- cian, the hope for so many Americans who have wondered how they will be able to afford healthcare, hope…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 30 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2026-01-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":187,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, our vote today represents hope, the hope of millions to access their family physi- cian, the hope for so many Americans who have wondered how they will be able to afford healthcare, hope ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/01/08/172/5/CREC-2026-01-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2026/01/08/172/5/CREC-2026-01-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_D000399_2025-12-17_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JNJ 8 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett delivered a 297-word floor speech on 2025-12-17 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, in a bill that they call ‘‘big’’ and ‘‘beautiful,’’ Republicans have approved the biggest reduction in access to healthcare in American history. They rejected my amendment in committee to…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 8 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2025-12-17","chamber":"House","wordCount":297,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, in a bill that they call ‘‘big’’ and ‘‘beautiful,’’ Republicans have approved the biggest reduction in access to healthcare in American history. They rejected my amendment in committee to","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/17/171/213/CREC-2025-12-17-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-12-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/119/crec/2025/12/17/171/213/CREC-2025-12-17-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_D000399_2024-11-21_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 19 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett delivered a 214-word floor speech on 2024-11-21 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself an additional 1 minute. Mr. Speaker, through the Treasury Secretary, he would be given the power to have immediate revocation of the tax-exempt status, an effective death p…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 19 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-11-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":214,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself an additional 1 minute. Mr. Speaker, through the Treasury Secretary, he would be given the power to have immediate revocation of the tax-exempt status, an effective death p","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/11/21/170/173/CREC-2024-11-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-12-10"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/11/21/170/173/CREC-2024-11-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_D000399_2023-12-11_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JNJ 6 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett delivered a 271-word floor speech on 2023-12-11 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, this transparency bill lacks transparency on two of the major problems that are impacting soaring healthcare costs. The only reason to reject transparency for, first, private equity and,…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 6 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-12-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":271,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, this transparency bill lacks transparency on two of the major problems that are impacting soaring healthcare costs. The only reason to reject transparency for, first, private equity and, ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/12/11/169/203/CREC-2023-12-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/12/11/169/203/CREC-2023-12-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_D000399_2023-06-21_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 14 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett delivered a 394-word floor speech on 2023-06-21 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume. The gentleman has repeated his stat- ed intent to provide the protection that his bill denies, and I would refer him, again, to page 3, line 2…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 14 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-06-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":394,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume. The gentleman has repeated his stat- ed intent to provide the protection that his bill denies, and I would refer him, again, to page 3, line 2 ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/06/21/169/108/CREC-2023-06-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/06/21/169/108/CREC-2023-06-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_D000399_2023-03-28_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 20 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett delivered a 551-word floor speech on 2023-03-28 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Chair, with this bill, our Republican colleagues offer their answer to our overheated planet, turn up the heat. And to those parents concerned about their chil- dren’s future in what could becom…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 20 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-03-28","chamber":"House","wordCount":551,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Chair, with this bill, our Republican colleagues offer their answer to our overheated planet, turn up the heat. And to those parents concerned about their chil- dren’s future in what could becom","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/28/169/56/CREC-2023-03-28-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/28/169/56/CREC-2023-03-28-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_D000399_2017-12-21_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IBM 9 days before a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett delivered a 513-word floor speech on 2017-12-21 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I am all in favor of keeping our government open. The difference that I have with my Republican colleagues is that I want to keep it open for everyone. Here, at Christmas, we think of the…\"). The member buy $IBM (a Technology-sector stock) 9 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-12-21","chamber":"House","wordCount":513,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I am all in favor of keeping our government open. The difference that I have with my Republican colleagues is that I want to keep it open for everyone. Here, at Christmas, we think of the","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/12/21/163/209/CREC-2017-12-21-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/12/21/163/209/CREC-2017-12-21-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_D000399","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $345,815.44","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett received campaign contributions totaling $345,815.44 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 15 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION ($242,515.44); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRU ($10,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL AD ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":345815.44,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"CHARLES SCHWAB & CO.","ldaClient":"CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION","donorTotal":242515.44,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INT'L PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE & FINANCIAL ADVISORS PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P78_D000399","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 49 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 49 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (7); speech advocacy trade (7); reg rule trade proximity (2); comm costs advocacy (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":49,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":2},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/D000399","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_D000399","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lloyd Doggett's campaign paid $296,739 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: DOGGETT FOR US CONGRESS ($155,000)","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 50 payments totaling $296,739 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: DOGGETT FOR US CONGRESS ($155,000 across 31 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION · 2008 PRIMARY CONTRIBUTION · CONTRIBUTION 2010 GENERAL (TX-25)). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":296738.55000000005,"paymentCount":50,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"DOGGETT FOR US CONGRESS","total":155000,"count":31,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","2008 PRIMARY CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION 2010 GENERAL (TX-25)"]},{"payee":"DOGGETT, PATRICK","total":74500,"count":13,"descriptions":["PAC STRATEGY CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"DOGGETT COMPANY","total":29626.27,"count":2,"descriptions":["TRAVEL 9/19/11 - 9/21/11"]},{"payee":"DOGGETT, JEFFREY","total":20000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN DIRECTOR"]},{"payee":"DOGGETT, TAYLOR","total":12612.279999999999,"count":2,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"doggett"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4TX10028&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_D000399","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lloyd Doggett draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.5M PAC / $36.9M total)","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.5M of $36.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.86,"pacSharePct":31.2,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H4TX10028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX10028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_D000399","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lloyd Doggett disclosed 1 large-bracket trade (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL WFM $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett has filed 1 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL WFM $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2017-08-16.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":1,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":500001,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"WFM","action":"SELL","date":"2017-08-16","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_D000399","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lloyd Doggett's PAC funding concentrates 51% in Finance ($0.08M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett's PAC donors concentrate 51% in the Finance industry — $0.08M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.08M · Real Estate $0.02M · Labor $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":50.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.08,"Real Estate":0.02,"Labor":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Technology":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX10028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_D000399","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lloyd Doggett triggers 25 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett accumulates 25 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":25,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_D000399","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lloyd Doggett — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (221/222)","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":222,"atBracket":221,"pct":"99.5"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000399_WoundedVeteranJobSec","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lloyd Doggett sponsored \"Wounded Veteran Job Security Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Wounded Veteran Job Security Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000399_StopTaxHavenAbuseAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lloyd Doggett sponsored \"Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000399_InternationalTaxComp","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lloyd Doggett sponsored \"International Tax Competitiveness Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"International Tax Competitiveness Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_D000399_IBM","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lloyd Doggett — 47 disclosed trades in single ticker IBM","explanation":"Lloyd Doggett traded IBM on 47 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the IBM trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"IBM","count":47}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M000312":[{"id":"P9_M000312_qpiegp","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$15,554 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $15,554 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":15553.920000000002,"oppose":0,"net":15553.920000000002,"events":9,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","support":8105,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":6138.14,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004239","name":"SEIU LOCAL 32BJ","support":913.16,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":249.36,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000666","name":"UNITED STEEL, PAPER AND FORESTRY, RUBBER, MANUFACTURING, ENERGY, ALLIED INDUSTRIAL AND SER","support":148.26,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_M000312_g6trti","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $259,000 / spent $235,514","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00461251","cmteName":"MAC PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":10500,"totalDisbursements":10400,"cashOnHand":100},{"cmteId":"C00461251","cmteName":"MAC PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":10500,"totalDisbursements":9754.3,"cashOnHand":845.74},{"cmteId":"C00461251","cmteName":"MAC PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":10000,"totalDisbursements":3212.5,"cashOnHand":7633.24},{"cmteId":"C00461251","cmteName":"MAC PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":12000,"totalDisbursements":18737.3,"cashOnHand":895.98},{"cmteId":"C00461251","cmteName":"MAC PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":25000,"totalDisbursements":23925,"cashOnHand":1970.98}],"totalRaised":259000,"totalSpent":235513.80000000002}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_M000312_wgeoqh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” McGovern campaign paid $1,259,727 to 19 surname-matched vendors, top: JOHN MCGOVERN","explanation":"James “Jim” McGovern's campaign paid 166 disbursements totaling $1,259,727 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOHN MCGOVERN","total":615500,"count":52,"samples":[{"payee":"JOHN MCGOVERN","amount":12500,"date":"2006-11-13","description":"PAC MANAGER","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JOHN MCGOVERN","amount":12500,"date":"2007-06-13","description":"PAC MANAGER","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"JOHN MCGOVERN","amount":12500,"date":"2007-05-09","description":"PAC MANAGER","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCGOVERN, KEVIN","total":315000,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MCGOVERN, KEVIN","amount":200000,"date":"2022-09-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MCGOVERN, KEVIN","amount":50000,"date":"2022-09-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MCGOVERN, KEVIN","amount":35000,"date":"2022-09-06","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TALCOTT, WILLIAM T. III","total":107880.79000000002,"count":50,"samples":[{"payee":"TALCOTT, WILLIAM T. III","amount":4203.08,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"talcott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"TALCOTT, WILLIAM T. III","amount":3762.5,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"talcott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"TALCOTT, WILLIAM T. III","amount":3650,"date":"2022-12-31","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"talcott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TALCOTT, WILLIAM","total":65582.81999999999,"count":33,"samples":[{"payee":"TALCOTT, WILLIAM","amount":5716.24,"date":"2010-09-30","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"talcott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"TALCOTT, WILLIAM","amount":4452.39,"date":"2010-12-31","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"talcott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"TALCOTT, WILLIAM","amount":2635,"date":"2010-06-30","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"talcott","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SOUTH DAKOTANS FOR MCGOVERN COMMITTEE","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"SOUTH DAKOTANS FOR MCGOVERN COMMITTEE","amount":50000,"date":"1980-10-08","description":"TRANSFER OUT AFFILIATED","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1980}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCGOVERN, ELISE","total":12898.26,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MCGOVERN, ELISE","amount":7500,"date":"2023-01-05","description":"CONSULTANT - DIGITAL","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MCGOVERN, ELISE","amount":5398.26,"date":"2022-02-28","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"mcgovern","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JOHN%20MCGOVERN"]},{"id":"P61_M000312","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $121,200","explanation":"James “Jim” McGovern received campaign contributions totaling $121,200 from 18 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":18,"totalDollars":121200,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES INTERNATIONAL UNION PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M000312","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” McGovern's campaign paid $668,448 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: JOHN MCGOVERN ($615,500)","explanation":"James “Jim” McGovern's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 59 payments totaling $668,448 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JOHN MCGOVERN ($615,500 across 52 payments, services: PAC MANAGER). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":668448.26,"paymentCount":59,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JOHN MCGOVERN","total":615500,"count":52,"descriptions":["PAC MANAGER"]},{"payee":"MCGOVERN, ELISE","total":12898.26,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONSULTANT - DIGITAL","WAGES"]},{"payee":"MCGOVERN, JOHN","total":12050,"count":2,"descriptions":["COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"MCGOVERN, MICHELLE OYOLA","total":12000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RECOUNT ASSISTANCE"]},{"payee":"MCGOVERN, RACHEL","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SALARY"]}],"surname":"mcgovern"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4MA03022&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M000312","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"James “Jim” McGovern draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.5M PAC / $32.0M total)","explanation":"James “Jim” McGovern's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.5M of $32.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.99,"pacSharePct":36,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H4MA03022"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MA03022/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M000312","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” McGovern's PAC funding concentrates 63% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"James “Jim” McGovern's PAC donors concentrate 63% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":63.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MA03022/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_M000312","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James “Jim” McGovern ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 11,804 cosponsored, 434 sponsored","explanation":"James “Jim” McGovern's congress.gov record shows 11,804 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":11804,"sponsoredCount":434,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/james-p.-mcgovern/M000312","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_M000312_ClusterMunitionsCivi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James “Jim” McGovern sponsored \"Cluster Munitions Civilian Protection Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"James “Jim” McGovern has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Cluster Munitions Civilian Protection Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000312_SafeHighwaysandInfra","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James “Jim” McGovern sponsored \"Safe Highways and Infrastructure Preservation Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"James “Jim” McGovern has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Safe Highways and Infrastructure Preservation Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"H001042":[{"id":"P9_H001042_pj9mnx","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$126,289 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $126,289 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":126289.25000000001,"oppose":0,"net":126289.25000000001,"events":27,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000278","name":"HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION","support":59116.02,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":35367.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":27052,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1856.47,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004361","name":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS ","support":1617.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001042_1z1y51","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,515,570 / spent $2,473,277","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00539601","cmteName":"PINEAPPLE PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":5000,"totalDisbursements":200.3,"cashOnHand":4799},{"cmteId":"C00539601","cmteName":"PINEAPPLE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":240250,"totalDisbursements":231148.5,"cashOnHand":13901.19},{"cmteId":"C00539601","cmteName":"PINEAPPLE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":249361.5,"totalDisbursements":240548.7,"cashOnHand":22713.93},{"cmteId":"C00539601","cmteName":"PINEAPPLE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":237800,"totalDisbursements":245432.2,"cashOnHand":15081.72},{"cmteId":"C00539601","cmteName":"PINEAPPLE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":439446.3,"totalDisbursements":417452.1,"cashOnHand":37075.93}],"totalRaised":2515569.8,"totalSpent":2473277.4000000004}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001042_jxs4or","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $541,988 in itemized individual contributions, $398,638 (74%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":541988,"buckets":{"$200 and under":750,"$200.01-$499":2350,"$500-$999":26500,"$1000-$1999":113750,"$2000 and over":398638},"megaShare":73.6,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_H001042_8rgu9k","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mazie Hirono campaign paid $1,162,920 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: NIELSEN MERKSAMER PARRINELLO GROSS & L","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's campaign paid 99 disbursements totaling $1,162,920 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER PARRINELLO GROSS & LEONI LLP","total":375806.24,"count":35,"samples":[{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER PARRINELLO GROSS & LEONI LLP","amount":20244.25,"date":"2014-12-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND PAC ADMINISTRATION","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER PARRINELLO GROSS & LEONI LLP","amount":16770.5,"date":"2024-02-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER PARRINELLO GROSS & LEONI LLP","amount":15697.5,"date":"2024-03-13","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER LLP","total":148027,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER LLP","amount":36000,"date":"2024-03-27","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER LLP","amount":24767.5,"date":"2024-01-08","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER LLP","amount":22455,"date":"2024-03-15","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NIELSEN, MERKSAMER, PARRINELLO, MUELLER & NAYLOR, LLP","total":113685.34,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"NIELSEN, MERKSAMER, PARRINELLO, MUELLER & NAYLOR, LLP","amount":11247.79,"date":"2009-09-22","description":"LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"NIELSEN, MERKSAMER, PARRINELLO, MUELLER & NAYLOR, LLP","amount":11180.61,"date":"2010-11-03","description":"LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"NIELSEN, MERKSAMER, PARRINELLO, MUELLER & NAYLOR, LLP","amount":10617.49,"date":"2010-02-24","description":"LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER","total":96087.36,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER","amount":20602,"date":"2024-09-13","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER","amount":17377.5,"date":"2025-07-14","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"NIELSEN MERKSAMER","amount":11338.5,"date":"2024-04-19","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NIELSEN, MERKSAMER, PARRINELLO, GROSS & LEONI, LLP","total":87023.17,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"NIELSEN, MERKSAMER, PARRINELLO, GROSS & LEONI, LLP","amount":15856,"date":"2026-02-18","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND PAC ADMINISTRATION","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"NIELSEN, MERKSAMER, PARRINELLO, GROSS & LEONI, LLP","amount":14378.25,"date":"2016-03-08","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND PAC ADMINISTRATION","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"NIELSEN, MERKSAMER, PARRINELLO, GROSS & LEONI, LLP","amount":9033.8,"date":"2016-04-06","description":"LEGAL SERVICES AND PAC ADMINISTRATION","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH","total":82311.17000000001,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH","amount":40365,"date":"2003-12-22","description":"MEDIA TRACKING","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH","amount":9260.16,"date":"2020-02-12","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH","amount":8723.8,"date":"2019-03-06","description":"MEDIA SERVICES / CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"nielsen","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NIELSEN%20MERKSAMER%20PARRINELLO%20GROSS%20%26%20LEONI%20LLP"]},{"id":"P25_H001042_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"58% of PAC dollars ($292,544) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Mazie Hirono receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":292543.93,"share":58.1,"totalPAC":503523.72,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":292543.93,"share":58.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":55000,"share":10.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":54179.19,"share":10.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":41800.6,"share":8.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_H001042_t3wfdk","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"ZAMORE JUDITH\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00841825","name":"SENATE VICTORY 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00832113","name":"BLUE SENATE 2024","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00831255","name":"WOMEN SENATORS MAKING HISTORY","treasurer":"ZAMORE JUDITH"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001042","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 6 total findings","explanation":"Mazie Hirono has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":6,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_H001042","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 47% from HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION","explanation":"Mazie Hirono received $126,289.25 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION ($59,116.02 = 47%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":126289.25000000001,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":358.97,"2012":122257.36000000003,"2014":1441.54,"2018":2231.38},"corpCount":11},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000278","name":"HAWAII GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES  ASSOCIATION","support":59116.02,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000278/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":35367.3,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000492/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":27052,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":1856.47,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70003108/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004361","name":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS ","support":1617.41,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004361/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000278/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_H001042","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $140,000","explanation":"Mazie Hirono received campaign contributions totaling $140,000 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); WESTERN GREAT LAKES PILOTS ASSN ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); NORTH STAR SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":140000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GREAT LAKES PAC","ldaClient":"WESTERN GREAT LAKES PILOTS ASSN","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FOLLOW THE NORTH STAR FUND","ldaClient":"NORTH STAR SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_H001042","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 103 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 103 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): NYSE, CSIEX, CSXRX, CTCAX, SLMCX, AMCFX, CAIFX, WGIFX, AMEFX, ICAFX, NFFFX, PGWFX, CEYIX, CISIX, CMTFX, … (88 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":103,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["NYSE","CSIEX","CSXRX","CTCAX","SLMCX","AMCFX","CAIFX","WGIFX","AMEFX","ICAFX","NFFFX","PGWFX","CEYIX","CISIX","CMTFX","CCIZX","PREIX","FAGCX","GWPEX","TRBCX","FTIXX","BAGIX","EIBIX","WMFFX","MEDIX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P71_H001042","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$57,842.52 in outside earned income — top source: Employees' Retirement System of the State of Hawaii HON ($$57,842.52)","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $57,842.52 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Employees' Retirement System of the State of Hawaii HON ($57,842.52, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":57842.52,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"Employees' Retirement System of the State of Hawaii HONOLULU, HAWAII","amount":"$57,842.52","amountNumeric":57842.52}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_H001042_2024","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 17 new ticker holdings in 2024 not present in prior PFD filings — including BUBIX, PGOVX, JMUEX, WOBDX, APDKX, JCRIX","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 17 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: BUBIX, PGOVX, JMUEX, WOBDX, APDKX, JCRIX, TROSX, AMBFX, AFAXX, AMCFX, ABNFX, CAIFX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2024,"count":17,"newTickers":["BUBIX","PGOVX","JMUEX","WOBDX","APDKX","JCRIX","TROSX","AMBFX","AFAXX","AMCFX","ABNFX","CAIFX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dad072-2ce0-4bc8-ad36-c51aca7ec2fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dad072-2ce0-4bc8-ad36-c51aca7ec2fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_H001042","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 12 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mazie Hirono appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 12 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1); family vendor (1); pac industry monopoly (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":12,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1},{"type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001042","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_H001042_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 28 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including SLF, AMCPX, ABNDX, CAIBX, CWGIX, AMECX","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 28 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: SLF, AMCPX, ABNDX, CAIBX, CWGIX, AMECX, AIVSX, NEWFX, OPPAX, TRBCX, PTRAX, PRRXX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":28,"divestedTickers":["SLF","AMCPX","ABNDX","CAIBX","CWGIX","AMECX","AIVSX","NEWFX","OPPAX","TRBCX","PTRAX","PRRXX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1d2f2e8-b32b-4332-9ec0-98d9c4a940af/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f1d2f2e8-b32b-4332-9ec0-98d9c4a940af/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_H001042_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 PFD: 53 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (85% of 62 reported assets)","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 53 reported holdings owned by Spouse (29), Joint (24), or Dependent (0) — 85% of 62 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Hawaii State FCU (HONOLULU, HAWAII) Type: Checking, Savings · Joint: Territorial Savings (HONOLULU, HAWAII) Type: Checking, Savings · Joint: Royal Business Bank (HONOLULU, HAWAII) Type: Checking · Spouse: Wells Fargo Liquid Asset Fund (HONOLULU, HAWAII) Type: Certificate of Deposit, M.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":29,"Joint":24,"Dependent":0,"Self":8},"totalAssets":62,"familyShare":0.855,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Hawaii State FCU (HONOLULU, HAWAII) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Territorial Savings (HONOLULU, HAWAII) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Royal Business Bank (HONOLULU, HAWAII) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Wells Fargo Liquid Asset Fund (HONOLULU, HAWAII) Type: Certificate of Deposit, M","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Congressional FCU (Washington, DC) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P93_H001042","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mazie Hirono filed 8 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 93 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Mazie Hirono has filed 8 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 93 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2021 (93d late, filed 08/16/2021) · 2024 (90d late, filed 08/13/2024) · 2020 (90d late, filed 08/13/2020) · 2019 (90d late, filed 08/13/2019).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":8,"maxDaysLate":93,"samples":[{"year":2021,"filingDate":"08/16/2021","daysLate":93,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/861b60bd-3808-4d4f-aa17-73d973ab21c9/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020"},{"year":2024,"filingDate":"08/13/2024","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dad072-2ce0-4bc8-ad36-c51aca7ec2fb/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023"},{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/13/2020","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c80872f-ee54-43d9-96ff-569eebf18b3e/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2019,"filingDate":"08/13/2019","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e762004-17de-40ec-856a-c6d4f0852479/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2018"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/861b60bd-3808-4d4f-aa17-73d973ab21c9/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dad072-2ce0-4bc8-ad36-c51aca7ec2fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c80872f-ee54-43d9-96ff-569eebf18b3e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P99_H001042_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mazie Hirono's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Pershing LLC Honolulu, HI","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Pershing LLC Honolulu, HI (Other (IRA required minimum distribution)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (IRA required minimum distribution)","payer":"Pershing LLC Honolulu, HI","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P100_H001042_2025","pattern_type":"P100_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_FINANCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mazie Hirono's spouse earned income from 1 finance-industry payer on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Clearing Services","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a major financial-services firm (investment bank, hedge fund, private equity, asset manager, or commercial bank). Spouse compensation from a regulated finance firm establishes ongoing household income dependence on the firm's profitability — every committee vote affecting capital requirements, broker-dealer rules, private-fund regulations, or merger-and-acquisition policy moves the senator's family balance sheet. Payers: Wells Fargo Clearing Services Honolulu, (Other (IRA required minimum distribution)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_finance","year":"2025","count":1,"onFinanceCommittee":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (IRA required minimum distribution)","payer":"Wells Fargo Clearing Services Honolulu, HI","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.sec.gov/edgar"]},{"id":"P110_H001042","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mazie Hirono's PFD net worth grew 3.7× in 11 years — 2014 $1.84M → 2025 $6.88M (CAGR 12.7%)","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $1.84M in 2014 to $6.88M in 2025 — a 3.7× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 12.7%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":1.84,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":6.88,"growthFactor":3.74,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":12.74,"filingCount":12,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cdf9245b-0c70-42a0-bccd-2f09d70f32be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/cdf9245b-0c70-42a0-bccd-2f09d70f32be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P156_H001042","pattern_type":"P156_PFD_INCOME_GROWTH_YOY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mazie Hirono's PFD earned income grew 3.2× year-over-year — 2019 $55K → 2020 $177K","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's Senate annual financial disclosure shows earned income jumping from $55,022.52 in 2019 to $176,825.18 in 2020 — a 3.2× increase year-over-year. Sudden earned-income doubling can indicate (a) spouse career advancement / new corporate role, (b) book deal advance recognition (often spike-and-decay pattern), (c) consulting client onboarding (recurring annual revenue), or (d) retirement-plan distribution recognition (one-time event). Each scenario warrants distinct journalist scrutiny: identify the income source from PFD Part 2, check whether the source has matters before the senator's committee during the spike year, and trace whether the growth represents fresh post-Senate-election compensation or deferred earlier-period revenue.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_income_growth_yoy","priorYear":"2019","priorIncome":55022.520000000004,"latestYear":"2020","latestIncome":176825.18,"growthFactor":3.21,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e762004-17de-40ec-856a-c6d4f0852479/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c80872f-ee54-43d9-96ff-569eebf18b3e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0c80872f-ee54-43d9-96ff-569eebf18b3e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e762004-17de-40ec-856a-c6d4f0852479/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P157_H001042","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mazie Hirono ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 756 sponsored, 5,000 cosponsored","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's congress.gov record shows 756 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":756,"cosponsoredCount":5000,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/mazie-k.-hirono/H001042","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_H001042","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mazie Hirono ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,000 cosponsored, 756 sponsored","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's congress.gov record shows 5,000 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5000,"sponsoredCount":756,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/mazie-k.-hirono/H001042","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P165_H001042_2025","pattern_type":"P165_PFD_PROFESSIONAL_LICENSURE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 PFD reports 1 licensed-professional income source — top: Law Office of Leighton","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2) reports 1 income source from licensed-professional practice — law firm partnership / of-counsel role, medical practice, dental practice, accounting / CPA firm, engineering practice, or named consulting LLC. Professional-licensure income is distinct from corporate salary: (a) it typically requires active state-bar / medical-board licensure that the senator must maintain alongside Senate duties, and (b) it often reflects ongoing client relationships that continue from pre-Senate practice. Journalists should check whether the licensed practice has clients with matters before the senator's committee — particularly for law firms representing federally-regulated industries. Sources: Spouse: Salary from Law Office of Leighton (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_professional_licensure","year":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Law Office of Leighton K Oshima ALC HONOLULU, HAWAII","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P169_H001042_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 PFD initiated 2 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: CEYIX ($250,001 - $500,000)","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: CEYIX ($250,001 - $500,000) · CMTFX ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CEYIX","asset":"CEYIX - Calvert Equity Fund Class I Filer comment: Share Class Exchange from CSI","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"CMTFX","asset":"CMTFX - Columbia Global Technology Growth Fund Class I Filer comment: Share clas","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dad072-2ce0-4bc8-ad36-c51aca7ec2fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dad072-2ce0-4bc8-ad36-c51aca7ec2fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_H001042_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: Pershing LLC Honolulu, HI (Other (IRA required minimum distribution)","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Other (IRA required minimum distribution from Pershing LLC Honolulu, HI ($2,146.59) · Spouse: Other (IRA required minimum distribution from Pershing LLC Honolulu, HI (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (IRA required minimum distribution","payer":"Pershing LLC Honolulu, HI","amount":"$2,146.59"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (IRA required minimum distribution","payer":"Pershing LLC Honolulu, HI","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dad072-2ce0-4bc8-ad36-c51aca7ec2fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/16dad072-2ce0-4bc8-ad36-c51aca7ec2fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_HI_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"HI delegation: Mazie Hirono & Brian Schatz both flagged on 12 shared detector types (2 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from HI — Mazie Hirono and Brian Schatz — are flagged on the same 12 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 2 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P9, P10, P11, P19, P36, P58, P61, P71.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"HI","otherSenatorBid":"S001194","otherSenatorName":"Brian Schatz","sharedDetectorCount":12,"sharedHighCount":2,"sharedDetectors":["P9","P10","P11","P19","P36","P58","P61","P71","P87","P93","P99","P170"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001042","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001194"]},{"id":"P193_H001042_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mazie Hirono — 45 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Mazie Hirono's 2025 Senate PFD shows 45 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":45,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/328c5acc-8fe4-4a13-bb84-4cc3f37f884f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000559":[{"id":"P9_G000559_d32i6d","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,955 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $58,955 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":58954.98000000002,"oppose":0,"net":58954.98000000002,"events":55,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":17098,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":12525.33,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":10239.7,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":4691.16,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":4642.1,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_G000559_v5dhzy","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $500,379 / spent $478,488","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00495705","cmteName":"MAKE IT IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":12000,"totalDisbursements":7295.6,"cashOnHand":4704.36},{"cmteId":"C00495705","cmteName":"MAKE IT IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":39400,"totalDisbursements":36371.9,"cashOnHand":7732.44},{"cmteId":"C00495705","cmteName":"MAKE IT IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":55140,"totalDisbursements":57240.2,"cashOnHand":5632.27},{"cmteId":"C00495705","cmteName":"MAKE IT IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":132416,"totalDisbursements":127503.2,"cashOnHand":10545.09},{"cmteId":"C00495705","cmteName":"MAKE IT IN AMERICA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":129470,"totalDisbursements":125232.5,"cashOnHand":14782.62}],"totalRaised":500379,"totalSpent":478487.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000559_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John Garamendi executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TWTR","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Manageme","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-12-15"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Manageme","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-12-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000559_avuo4x","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Garamendi campaign paid $574,302 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","explanation":"John Garamendi's campaign paid 53 disbursements totaling $574,302 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","total":293047.51,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","amount":21826,"date":"2007-05-30","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","amount":21716,"date":"2007-05-14","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING LLP","amount":17584,"date":"2008-01-02","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOWNING, TROY","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DOWNING, TROY","amount":100000,"date":"2024-08-30","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOWNING STRATEGY & SOLUTIONS LLC","total":40649.44,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DOWNING STRATEGY & SOLUTIONS LLC","amount":35424.01,"date":"2024-11-01","description":"ADVANCE SERVICES/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"DOWNING STRATEGY & SOLUTIONS LLC","amount":5225.43,"date":"2023-05-02","description":"NON-FEDERAL DISB - ADVANCE CONSULTING/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOWNING, DIANE","total":30000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"DOWNING, DIANE","amount":30000,"date":"2016-09-27","description":"WAGES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DOWNING, JONATHAN","total":22645,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DOWNING, JONATHAN","amount":8445,"date":"2020-11-11","description":"ADVANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DOWNING, JONATHAN","amount":7800,"date":"2020-09-01","description":"ADVANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DOWNING, JONATHAN","amount":6400,"date":"2020-10-01","description":"ADVANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAUFMAN DOWNING, LLP","total":18375.1,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING, LLP","amount":7296.1,"date":"2005-12-23","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING, LLP","amount":6000,"date":"2009-01-28","description":"LEGAL/TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KAUFMAN DOWNING, LLP","amount":5079,"date":"2006-04-25","description":"PAC LEGAL/TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"downing","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KAUFMAN%20DOWNING%20LLP"]},{"id":"P58_G000559","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"$59K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 29% from NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","explanation":"John Garamendi received $58,954.98 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS ($17,098 = 29%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":58954.98000000002,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2010":7006.63,"2012":36255.13,"2014":8257.48,"2016":581.44,"2018":181.17,"2022":7294.4400000000005},"corpCount":15},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":17098,"oppose":0,"types":["O","TP"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":12525.33,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005392","name":"SERVICE EMPLOYEE INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 1000","support":10239.7,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005392/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":4691.16,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS (IUOE)","support":4642.1,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002118/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70001516/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_G000559","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $103,600","explanation":"John Garamendi received campaign contributions totaling $103,600 from 15 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 14 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($10,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($10,000); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($9,000); ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($9,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":15,"totalDollars":103600,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMM","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_G000559","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Garamendi's campaign paid $34,200 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: GARAMENDI FOR LT. GOVERNOR ($10,600)","explanation":"John Garamendi's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $34,200 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GARAMENDI FOR LT. GOVERNOR ($10,600 across 2 payments, services: NON FEDERAL · CA LT. GOVERNOR). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":34200,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GARAMENDI FOR LT. GOVERNOR","total":10600,"count":2,"descriptions":["NON FEDERAL","CA LT. GOVERNOR"]},{"payee":"GARAMENDI 2006, .","total":10000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL/CA STATEWIDE CANDIDATE"]},{"payee":"GARAMENDI 2010","total":8000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CANDIDATE CONTRIB 2006"]},{"payee":"GARAMENDI FOR LT GOVERNOR","total":5600,"count":1,"descriptions":["JOHN GARAMENDI, LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR  CA"]}],"surname":"garamendi"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0CA10149&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_G000559","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Garamendi draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.3M PAC / $22.7M total)","explanation":"John Garamendi's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.3M of $22.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.26,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.7,"pacSharePct":49.6,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0CA10149"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA10149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_G000559","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Garamendi's PAC funding concentrates 41% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"John Garamendi's PAC donors concentrate 41% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.02M · Real Estate $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":40.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.02,"Real Estate":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA10149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P182_G000559_SacramentoSanJoaquin","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Garamendi sponsored \"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area Establis\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John Garamendi has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta National Heritage Area Establishment Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"H001058":[{"id":"P9_H001058_nr0cd7","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$49,817 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $49,817 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":49817.29,"oppose":0,"net":49817.29,"events":23,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":45081.33,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":3521.9900000000002,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":629.43,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":584.54,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_H001058_fbdqwp","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,369,429 / spent $1,321,508","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00503151","cmteName":"UPPER HAND FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":50029,"totalDisbursements":39373.7,"cashOnHand":10655.28},{"cmteId":"C00503151","cmteName":"UPPER HAND FUND","year":"2022","totalReceipts":538946.7,"totalDisbursements":513266,"cashOnHand":59947.77},{"cmteId":"C00503151","cmteName":"UPPER HAND FUND","year":"2024","totalReceipts":553056.6,"totalDisbursements":567475.8,"cashOnHand":45528.61},{"cmteId":"C00503151","cmteName":"UPPER HAND FUND","year":"2026","totalReceipts":227396.6,"totalDisbursements":201392,"cashOnHand":71533.22}],"totalRaised":1369428.9,"totalSpent":1321507.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_H001058_yzr3x9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $6,264,038 in itemized individual contributions, $4,024,752 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6264038,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-143597,"$200.01-$499":249661,"$500-$999":687738,"$1000-$1999":1445484,"$2000 and over":4024752},"megaShare":64.3,"smallDonorShare":-2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001058_6ckn0a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,114 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $139,114 across 73 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,889.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2025-06-30","amount":139114,"count":73,"baseline":11889,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P15_H001058_6ciq1q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$131,552 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 14.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $131,552 across 72 contributions — 14.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,901.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2025-03-31","amount":131552,"count":72,"baseline":8901,"ratio":14.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P15_H001058_3zp9v9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,600 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 17× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $92,600 across 64 contributions — 17× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,449.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2020-06-30","amount":92600,"count":64,"baseline":5449,"ratio":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P15_H001058_xchubb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,855 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $70,855 across 62 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,731.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2022-06-30","amount":70855,"count":62,"baseline":6731,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P15_H001058_io1n4q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,600 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $66,600 across 37 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,004.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2021-03-31","amount":66600,"count":37,"baseline":5004,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P15_H001058_xcfxcr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,925 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $65,925 across 57 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,964.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2022-03-31","amount":65925,"count":57,"baseline":7964,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P15_H001058_n09uec","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,710 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $58,710 across 40 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,394.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2023-03-31","amount":58710,"count":40,"baseline":5394,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P15_H001058_8bvk7t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,800 donation spike on 2024-03-19 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-19 this committee recorded $55,800 across 22 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,559.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2024-03-19","amount":55800,"count":22,"baseline":4559,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P15_H001058_n060h7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,775 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 15.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $53,775 across 43 contributions — 15.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,552.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00459297","date":"2023-09-30","amount":53775,"count":43,"baseline":3552,"ratio":15.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/"]},{"id":"P19_H001058_uetaj2","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Huizenga campaign paid $278,935 to 18 surname-matched vendors, top: DAVID J. CARLIN","explanation":"Bill Huizenga's campaign paid 32 disbursements totaling $278,935 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DAVID J. CARLIN","total":59937.58,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":30426,"date":"2005-01-12","description":"FEA: FUNDRAISING INAUGURAL TICKETS","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":14998.97,"date":"2004-11-09","description":"FEA: VAN RENTAL & LODGING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"DAVID J. CARLIN","amount":10046,"date":"2005-01-11","description":"FEA: FUNDRAISING INAUGURAL TICKETS","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUIZENGA, PETER H.","total":26000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"HUIZENGA, PETER H.","amount":16000,"date":"2015-11-05","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"huizenga","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUIZENGA, PETER H.","amount":10000,"date":"2015-10-15","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"huizenga","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEALLY, CARLIN","total":25250,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":10000,"date":"2024-03-05","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":6750,"date":"2024-07-22","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEALLY, CARLIN","amount":4500,"date":"2024-05-03","description":"GENERAL CAMPAIGN CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUIZENGA, H. WAYNE SR.","total":25000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUIZENGA, H. WAYNE SR.","amount":25000,"date":"2008-06-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"huizenga","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARLIN, AUDRE D.","total":24000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CARLIN, AUDRE D.","amount":24000,"date":"2012-05-14","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CARLIN, AUDRE","total":21900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CARLIN, AUDRE","amount":21900,"date":"2014-03-27","description":"REFUND, OVER LIMIT FOR 2014","surnameMatched":"carlin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DAVID%20J.%20CARLIN"]},{"id":"P26_H001058_c8f8po","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 9 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Bill Huizenga's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson, Bruce Parkyn","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Burns, Jackson, Miller, Summit & Jacoby","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson, Sara C.","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Davis, William Jackson","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Jackson & Kelly","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P34_H001058_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $15,000","explanation":"Bill Huizenga's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC","total":10000,"matchedClient":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"matchedClient":"JACKSON HEWITT INC","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001058","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 15 total findings","explanation":"Bill Huizenga has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":15,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Park_Community_Credit_Union_119023","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Park Community Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2026-03-05 held a hearing titled \"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions\". The witness Ms. Kate McKune (Park Community Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"119023","title":"Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: Challenges and Opportunities for Financial Institutions","date":"2026-03-05T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate McKune","witnessOrg":"Park Community Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/119023","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Structured_Finance_Association_118957","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Structured Finance Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2026-02-11 held a hearing titled \"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market\". The witness Mr. Michael Bright (Structured Finance Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118957","title":"Homeownership and the Role of the Secondary Mortgage Market","date":"2026-02-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Michael Bright","witnessOrg":"Structured Finance Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957"},{"source":"donor","name":"STRUCTURED FINANCE COALITION PAC (STRUCTURED FINANCE PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=STRUCTURED%20FINANCE%20COALITION%20PAC%20(STRUCTURED%20FINANCE%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118957","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=STRUCTURED%20FINANCE%20COALITION%20PAC%20(STRUCTURED%20FINANCE%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_American_Enterprise_Institute__118713","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"American Enterprise Institute Housing Center testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-03 held a hearing titled \"Building Capacity: Reducing Government Roadblocks to Housing Supply\". The witness Mr. Tobias Peter (American Enterprise Institute Housing Center) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118713","title":"Building Capacity: Reducing Government Roadblocks to Housing Supply","date":"2025-12-03T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tobias Peter","witnessOrg":"American Enterprise Institute Housing Center","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118713"},{"source":"donor","name":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118713","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_National_Credit_Union_Associat_118708","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Credit Union Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-12-02 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Kyle Hauptman (National Credit Union Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118708","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2025-12-02T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Kyle Hauptman","witnessOrg":"National Credit Union Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118708","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Aspen_Institute_Financial_Secu_118624","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aspen Institute Financial Security Program testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, which on 2025-09-18 held a hearing titled \"Fraud in Focus: Exposing Financial Threats to American Families\". The witness Ms. Kate Griffin (Aspen Institute Financial Security Program) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations","eventId":"118624","title":"Fraud in Focus: Exposing Financial Threats to American Families","date":"2025-09-18T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Kate Griffin","witnessOrg":"Aspen Institute Financial Security Program","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118624"},{"source":"donor","name":"FINANCIAL SERVICES INSTITUTE PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118624","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FINANCIAL%20SERVICES%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Consumer_Bankers_Association_118488","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Consumer Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services, which on 2025-07-15 held a hearing titled \"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead\". The witness Mrs. Lindsey Johnson (Consumer Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"118488","title":"Dodd-Frank Turns 15: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead","date":"2025-07-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mrs. Lindsey Johnson","witnessOrg":"Consumer Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488"},{"source":"donor","name":"CBA PAC-CONSUMER BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC, THE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CBA%20PAC-CONSUMER%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%2C%20THE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118488","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CBA%20PAC-CONSUMER%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%2C%20THE"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Housing_Assistance_Council_118377","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Housing Assistance Council testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-06-12 held a hearing titled \"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs\". The witness Mr. David Lipsetz (Housing Assistance Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"118377","title":"Housing in the Heartland: Addressing our Rural Housing Needs","date":"2025-06-12T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Lipsetz","witnessOrg":"Housing Assistance Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118377","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Flagstar_Bank_118056","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Flagstar Bank testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2025-04-01 held a hearing titled \"Following the Money: Tools and Techniques to Combat Fraud\". The witness Mr. Darrin McLaughlin (Flagstar Bank) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"118056","title":"Following the Money: Tools and Techniques to Combat Fraud","date":"2025-04-01T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Darrin McLaughlin","witnessOrg":"Flagstar Bank","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118056"},{"source":"donor","name":"FLAGSTAR BANK FEDERAL PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MI","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FLAGSTAR%20BANK%20FEDERAL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118056","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=FLAGSTAR%20BANK%20FEDERAL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Logix_Federal_Credit_Union_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Logix Federal Credit Union testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Ms. Ana Fonseca (Logix Federal Credit Union) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Ana Fonseca","witnessOrg":"Logix Federal Credit Union","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"CULAC THE PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CULAC%20THE%20PAC%20OF%20CREDIT%20UNION%20NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Consumer_Bankers_Association_118049","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Consumer Bankers Association testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, which on 2025-03-26 held a hearing titled \"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections\". The witness Mr. David Pommerehn (Consumer Bankers Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions","eventId":"118049","title":"A New Era for the CFPB: Balancing Power and Reprioritizing Consumer Protections","date":"2025-03-26T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. David Pommerehn","witnessOrg":"Consumer Bankers Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049"},{"source":"donor","name":"CBA PAC-CONSUMER BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC, THE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CBA%20PAC-CONSUMER%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%2C%20THE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118049","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CBA%20PAC-CONSUMER%20BANKERS%20ASSOCIATION%20PAC%2C%20THE"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_National_Association_of_Home_B_117970","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Home Builders testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2025-03-04 held a hearing titled \"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America\". The witness Mr. Buddy Hughes (National Association of Home Builders) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117970","title":"Building Our Future: Increasing Housing Supply in America","date":"2025-03-04T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Buddy Hughes","witnessOrg":"National Association of Home Builders","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/117970","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20HOME%20BUILDERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Continental_Properties_Company_117547","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape\". The witness Mr. James Schloemer (Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"117547","title":"Housing Solutions: Cutting Through Government Red Tape","date":"2024-07-24T14:30:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Schloemer","witnessOrg":"Continental Properties Company, and Chair, National Multifamily Housing Council (NMHC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117547","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Chairman_Federal_Deposit_Insur_117304","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation testified before House Financial Services — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services, which on 2024-05-15 held a hearing titled \"Oversight of Prudential Regulators\". The witness The Honorable Martin Gruenberg (Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"117304","title":"Oversight of Prudential Regulators","date":"2024-05-15T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Martin Gruenberg","witnessOrg":"Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117304"},{"source":"donor","name":"JACKSON HOLDINGS LLC AND JACKSON NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY FEDERAL SSF (JACKSON NATIONAL FE...","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"MI","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=JACKSON%20HOLDINGS%20LLC%20AND%20JACKSON%20NATIONAL%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20FEDERAL%20SSF%20(JACKSON%20NATIONAL%20FE..."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117304","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=JACKSON%20HOLDINGS%20LLC%20AND%20JACKSON%20NATIONAL%20LIFE%20INSURANCE%20COMPANY%20FEDERAL%20SSF%20(JACKSON%20NATIONAL%20FE..."]},{"id":"P47_H001058_National_Security_Council_and__115279","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"National Security Council and National Economic Council testified before House Financial Services — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services, which on 2023-02-07 held a hearing titled \"Combatting the Economic Threat from China\". The witness Mr. Peter Harrell (National Security Council and National Economic Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services","eventId":"115279","title":"Combatting the Economic Threat from China","date":"2023-02-07T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Peter Harrell","witnessOrg":"National Security Council and National Economic Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115279","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Housing_Policy_Council_HPC__115954","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Housing Policy Council (HPC) testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-05-17 held a hearing titled \"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics\". The witness Mr. Edward DeMarco (Housing Policy Council (HPC)) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"115954","title":"The Current Mortgage Market: Undermining Housing Affordability with Politics","date":"2023-05-17T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Edward DeMarco","witnessOrg":"Housing Policy Council (HPC)","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115954","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20MULTIFAMILY%20HOUSING%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Alliance_to_Counter_Crime_Onli_115542","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alliance to Counter Crime Online testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions, which on 2023-03-23 held a hearing titled \"Follow the Money: The CCP’s Business Model Fueling the Fentanyl Crisis\". The witness Ms. Gretchen Peters (Alliance to Counter Crime Online) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on National Security, Illicit Finance, and International Financial Institutions","eventId":"115542","title":"Follow the Money: The CCP’s Business Model Fueling the Fentanyl Crisis","date":"2023-03-23T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Ms. Gretchen Peters","witnessOrg":"Alliance to Counter Crime Online","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115542"},{"source":"donor","name":"ONLINE LENDERS ALLIANCE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (OLA PAC)","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ONLINE%20LENDERS%20ALLIANCE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(OLA%20PAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115542","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=ONLINE%20LENDERS%20ALLIANCE%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(OLA%20PAC)"]},{"id":"P47_H001058_Cavco_Industries_on_behalf_of__116212","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute testified before House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Bill Huizenga sits on House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance, which on 2023-07-14 held a hearing titled \"How Mandates Like ESG Distort Markets and Drive Up Costs for Insurance and Housing\". The witness Mr. Bill Boor (Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance","eventId":"116212","title":"How Mandates Like ESG Distort Markets and Drive Up Costs for Insurance and Housing","date":"2023-07-14T13:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Bill Boor","witnessOrg":"Cavco Industries, on behalf of the Manufactured Housing Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116212"},{"source":"donor","name":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116212","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=MANUFACTURED%20HOUSING%20INSTITUTE%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_H001058","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"43 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $286,000","explanation":"Bill Huizenga received campaign contributions totaling $286,000 from 43 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 42 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY ($46,000); THRIVENT FINANCIAL FOR LUTHERANS ($10,000); MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY ($10,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($10,000); FIFTH THIRD BANCORP ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":43,"totalDollars":286000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"WESTERN MICHIGAN VICTORY FUND","ldaClient":"WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY","donorTotal":46000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THRIVENT FINANCIAL FOR LUTHERANS - EMPLOYEE PAC","ldaClient":"THRIVENT FINANCIAL FOR LUTHERANS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP PAC","ldaClient":"FIFTH THIRD BANCORP","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_H001058","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"8 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $139,114 on 2025-06-30 (11.7× normal)","explanation":"Bill Huizenga's campaign committee received 8 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $139,114 on 2025-06-30 — 11.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":8,"totalSpikeDollars":669006,"maxRatio":17,"maxAmount":139114},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-06-30","amount":139114,"ratio":11.7,"baselineDaily":11889,"count":73,"cmteId":"C00459297","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459297&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-03-31","amount":131552,"ratio":14.8,"baselineDaily":8901,"count":72,"cmteId":"C00459297","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459297&min_date=2025-03-31&max_date=2025-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-06-30","amount":92600,"ratio":17,"baselineDaily":5449,"count":64,"cmteId":"C00459297","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459297&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-06-30","amount":70855,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":6731,"count":62,"cmteId":"C00459297","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459297&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-31","amount":66600,"ratio":13.3,"baselineDaily":5004,"count":37,"cmteId":"C00459297","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459297&min_date=2021-03-31&max_date=2021-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00459297/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00459297&min_date=2025-06-30&max_date=2025-06-30"]},{"id":"P78_H001058","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 35 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Bill Huizenga appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 35 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: hearing witness donor (17); daily donation spike (9); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); mega donor dependency (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":35,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","count":17},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/H001058","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P86_H001058","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Huizenga named in 5 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Bill Huizenga appears as a named subject in 5 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":5,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Bill Huizenga","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-bill-huizenga/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Bill Huizenga","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-36/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Bill Huizenga","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-29/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Bill Huizenga","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-3-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Bill Huizenga","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-bill-2/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-of-the-chairman-and-ranking-member-of-the-committee-on-ethics-regarding-representative-bill-huizenga/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-36/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-29/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-3-2/"]},{"id":"P90_H001058","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Huizenga's campaign paid $36,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: HUIZENGA, H WAYNE ($20,000)","explanation":"Bill Huizenga's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $36,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: HUIZENGA, H WAYNE ($20,000 across 2 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION REF TO INDIVIDUAL). Cycles covered: 1996.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":36000,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"HUIZENGA, H WAYNE","total":20000,"count":2,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION REF TO INDIVIDUAL"]},{"payee":"TEAM HUIZENGA","total":16000,"count":2,"descriptions":["PAC CONTRIBUTION","POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"huizenga"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H0MI02094&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_H001058","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Huizenga named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.8M total receipts) — top: HUIZENGA VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Bill Huizenga appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.8M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: HUIZENGA VICTORY FUND (C00580043, $1.8M receipts, treasurer ROBERT F CARLIN). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.85,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00580043","name":"HUIZENGA VICTORY FUND","receipts":1848541.11,"treasurer":"ROBERT F CARLIN","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580043/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580043/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00580043/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_H001058","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Huizenga ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.4M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Bill Huizenga's FEC-bulk record shows $18.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $35.6M (PAC: $18.4M, individual: $14.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.41,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.63,"lifetimeIndividualM":13.99,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0MI02094"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MI02094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_H001058","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Huizenga draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.4M PAC / $35.6M total)","explanation":"Bill Huizenga's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.4M of $35.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.41,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.63,"pacSharePct":51.7,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0MI02094"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MI02094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_H001058","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Huizenga triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Bill Huizenga accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"C000880":[{"id":"P9_C000880_y9zdb6","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$29,203 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $29,203 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":29203.25,"oppose":0,"net":29203.25,"events":9,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":21811.28,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION (INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION)","support":6206.84,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003298","name":"NATIONAL RIGHT TO LIFE COMMITTEE","support":660.03,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":525.1,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C000880_rbpkfo","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $10,144,257 / spent $8,158,094","explanation":"This member sponsors 15 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00390674","cmteName":"FREEDOM FUND","year":"2010","totalReceipts":442062.8,"totalDisbursements":414819.8,"cashOnHand":246554.14},{"cmteId":"C00390674","cmteName":"FREEDOM FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":1187074.9,"totalDisbursements":805332.9,"cashOnHand":628296.14},{"cmteId":"C00390674","cmteName":"FREEDOM FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":1379645.2,"totalDisbursements":1010349.5,"cashOnHand":997591.82},{"cmteId":"C00544270","cmteName":"IDAHO CONSERVATIVE GROWTH FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":82800,"totalDisbursements":60540.8,"cashOnHand":22259.18},{"cmteId":"C00390674","cmteName":"FREEDOM FUND","year":"2016","totalReceipts":614101.1,"totalDisbursements":916619.2,"cashOnHand":695073.69}],"totalRaised":10144257.4,"totalSpent":8158094}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C000880_ijrmva","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $820,288 in itemized individual contributions, $601,612 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":820288,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":17800,"$500-$999":40476,"$1000-$1999":160400,"$2000 and over":601612},"megaShare":73.3,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C000880_do0548","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,100 donation spike on 2018-07-18 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-18 this committee recorded $63,100 across 20 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,327.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00390674","date":"2018-07-18","amount":63100,"count":20,"baseline":5327,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00390674/"]},{"id":"P61_C000880","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P63_C000880","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 61 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 61 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): IJJ, APGYX, MADCX, GSFTX, DSEEX, EGFIX, HCMAX, JMGRX, LMGNX, NDVIX, LLDYX, QFVIX, PKSFX, PIMIX, WATFX, … (46 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":61,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["IJJ","APGYX","MADCX","GSFTX","DSEEX","EGFIX","HCMAX","JMGRX","LMGNX","NDVIX","LLDYX","QFVIX","PKSFX","PIMIX","WATFX","PRNIX","DOMOX","GOGIX","NFFFX","JSOSX","HLQVX","FMJXX","PSMIX","QOPYX","OOSYX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P68_C000880","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Owns 4 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$3.0M","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 4 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $3,016,001.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Residential home Description: Rowhouse ( (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Parking space Description: Parking space (Real Estate Residential, $1,001 - $15,000); Single family home Description: Single f (Real Estate Residential, $1,001 - $15,000); Crapo Enterprises LLC Company: Crapo Ent (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":4,"totalEstMidpoint":3016001.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Residential home Description: Rowhouse (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total rental income: $37,362.28.","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"},{"name":"Parking space Description: Parking space (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total: $3,120.00.","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"},{"name":"Single family home Description: Single family home (Island Park, ID) Filer comment: Ownership percentage value: $5,203.00.","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"},{"name":"Crapo Enterprises LLC Company: Crapo Enterprises LLC (Bountiful, UT) Description: Business entity that holds residential property","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P74_C000880_2015","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 14 new ticker holdings in 2015 not present in prior PFD filings — including TOLIX, AMCFX, BSIIX, NFFFX, SAGYX, MINIX","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 14 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: TOLIX, AMCFX, BSIIX, NFFFX, SAGYX, MINIX, IMLPX, JVAIX, OOSYX, PCBIX, PONPX, PXTIX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2015,"count":14,"newTickers":["TOLIX","AMCFX","BSIIX","NFFFX","SAGYX","MINIX","IMLPX","JVAIX","OOSYX","PCBIX","PONPX","PXTIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72784fa2-9d55-4b71-aa04-cbf7a674e024/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72784fa2-9d55-4b71-aa04-cbf7a674e024/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P79_C000880_2020","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 16 ticker holdings between 2019 and 2020 — including PRNIX, DOMOX, GOGIX, NFFFX, JSOSX, HLQVX","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2020 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 16 ticker holdings present in the 2019 filing but absent in 2020. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: PRNIX, DOMOX, GOGIX, NFFFX, JSOSX, HLQVX, FMJXX, PSMIX, QOPYX, OOSYX, PCBIX, BSIIX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2019,2020],"count":16,"divestedTickers":["PRNIX","DOMOX","GOGIX","NFFFX","JSOSX","HLQVX","FMJXX","PSMIX","QOPYX","OOSYX","PCBIX","BSIIX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59d4f19e-ad17-476d-822c-0eb62a1130e4/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/59d4f19e-ad17-476d-822c-0eb62a1130e4/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_C000880_2014","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo filed 4 amendments to the 2014 Senate annual disclosure — 9 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Michael “Mike” Crapo's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2014 report alone, with 9 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2014,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":9,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/9CACFBA8-F375-4230-ADA1-3BB4C8D3058B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/60ACCD72-91A9-4229-9008-D9D91F6729E5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/B3B3A375-155B-43FC-AE1B-C88BC2F40FDD/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/A86768D3-D476-4593-B2FF-5D94C5A49B32/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/9CACFBA8-F375-4230-ADA1-3BB4C8D3058B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/60ACCD72-91A9-4229-9008-D9D91F6729E5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_C000880_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo discloses 5 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 5 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: 3% of mineral rights lease Description: Subsurface mineral r · Residential home Description: Rowhouse (Washington, DC) File · Parking space Description: Parking space (Washington, DC) Fi · Crapo Enterprises LLC Company: Crapo Enterprises LLC (Bounti.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":5,"properties":[{"name":"3% of mineral rights lease Description: Subsurface mineral rights on 640 acres (McKenzie County, ND) Filer com","type":"Real Estate Mineral Rights","value":"Unascertainable"},{"name":"Residential home Description: Rowhouse (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total rental income: $37,362.28.","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Parking space Description: Parking space (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total: $3,120.00.","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Crapo Enterprises LLC Company: Crapo Enterprises LLC (Bountiful, UT) Description: Business entity that holds r","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Single family home Description: Single family home (Island Park, ID) Filer comment: Ownership percentage value","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P88_C000880_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Residential home Description: Rowhouse (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total rental income: $37,362.","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P91_C000880_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo (Idaho) discloses 4 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: District of Columbia (2)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo represents Idaho but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Idaho (1 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: District of Columbia: 2 · North Dakota: 1 · Utah: 1. Sample: 3% of mineral rights lease Description: Subsurface mineral rights on 640 acres (McKenzie County, ND) (North Dakota) · Residential home Description: Rowhouse (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total rental income: $37,362. (District of Columbia) · Parking space Description: Parking space (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total: $3,120.00. (District of Columbia).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Idaho","inStateCount":1,"outOfStateCount":4,"byState":{"DC":2,"ND":1,"UT":1},"samples":[{"name":"3% of mineral rights lease Description: Subsurface mineral rights on 640 acres (McKenzie County, ND)","type":"Real Estate Mineral Rights","value":"Unascertainable","state":"ND"},{"name":"Residential home Description: Rowhouse (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total rental income: $37,362.","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"DC"},{"name":"Parking space Description: Parking space (Washington, DC) Filer comment: Total: $3,120.00.","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,001 - $15,000","state":"DC"},{"name":"Crapo Enterprises LLC Company: Crapo Enterprises LLC (Bountiful, UT) Description: Business entity th","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"UT"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P93_C000880","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo filed 8 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 193 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Michael “Mike” Crapo has filed 8 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 193 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2014 (193d late, filed 11/24/2014) · 2014 (193d late, filed 11/24/2014) · 2014 (193d late, filed 11/24/2014) · 2014 (193d late, filed 11/24/2014).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":8,"maxDaysLate":193,"samples":[{"year":2014,"filingDate":"11/24/2014","daysLate":193,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/9CACFBA8-F375-4230-ADA1-3BB4C8D3058B/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"11/24/2014","daysLate":193,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/60ACCD72-91A9-4229-9008-D9D91F6729E5/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"11/24/2014","daysLate":193,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/B3B3A375-155B-43FC-AE1B-C88BC2F40FDD/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"11/24/2014","daysLate":193,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/A86768D3-D476-4593-B2FF-5D94C5A49B32/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/9CACFBA8-F375-4230-ADA1-3BB4C8D3058B/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/60ACCD72-91A9-4229-9008-D9D91F6729E5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/B3B3A375-155B-43FC-AE1B-C88BC2F40FDD/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_C000880_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Wells Fargo Idaho","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 3.125% (15 years) from Wells Fargo Idaho.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.125% (15 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Wells Fargo Idaho Falls, Idaho","incurred":"2015"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P104_C000880_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2025 PFD lists 2 entities bearing the surname \"Crapo\" — top: Crapo Enterprises LLC Company: Crapo","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 2 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Crapo\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Crapo Enterprises LLC Company: Crapo (asset) · Crapo Enterprises LLC Bountiful, UT (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Crapo","count":2,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Crapo Enterprises LLC Company: Crapo Enterprises LLC (Bountiful, UT) Description: Business entity th","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"position","entry":"Crapo Enterprises LLC Bountiful, UT","position":"Other (Member)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_C000880","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($6.0M total receipts) — top: CRAPO VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $6.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: CRAPO VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00649574, $6.0M receipts, treasurer LISKER, LISA). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":6.05,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00649574","name":"CRAPO VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":6046001.13,"treasurer":"LISKER, LISA","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649574/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649574/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00649574/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P110_C000880","pattern_type":"P110_PFD_NETWORTH_GROWTH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's PFD net worth grew 3.5× in 11 years — 2014 $1.06M → 2025 $3.73M (CAGR 12.1%)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy growth from $1.06M in 2014 to $3.73M in 2025 — a 3.5× increase over 11 years (compound annual growth rate: 12.1%). The senator's salary is fixed at $174,000/year, so multi-cycle wealth accumulation must come from passive investment returns, outside business success, inheritance, or spousal earned income. For comparison, the S&P 500's annualized total return over a typical 11-year window has been ~10-12%; growth materially above that threshold warrants journalist review of (a) which asset categories drove the growth, (b) trade activity windows during peak appreciation years, (c) committee assignments coinciding with sector tailwinds, and (d) any donor coalitions or business deals that materialized during the senator's tenure. The net worth proxy is a midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets (asset mid minus liability mid) and represents a lower-bound indicator of true wealth.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_growth","earliestYear":"2014","earliestNetWorthM":1.06,"latestYear":"2025","latestNetWorthM":3.73,"growthFactor":3.51,"yearsCovered":11,"cagrPct":12.08,"filingCount":14,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","earliestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/29b23b92-074f-4d45-902e-e56da7294c4b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/29b23b92-074f-4d45-902e-e56da7294c4b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_C000880","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.4M across 21 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's FEC-bulk record shows $24.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 21 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $50.1M (PAC: $24.4M, individual: $19.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.14,"lifetimeIndividualM":19.72,"cycleCount":21,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S8ID00027"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8ID00027/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C000880","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.4M PAC / $50.1M total)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.4M of $50.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.14,"pacSharePct":48.7,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"S8ID00027"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8ID00027/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C000880","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P151_C000880","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo operates leadership PACs with $10.1M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: FREEDOM FUND","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo operates 2 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $10.1M and disbursements of $8.2M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: FREEDOM FUND (C00390674). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":10.14,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":8.16,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00390674","cmteName":"FREEDOM FUND"},{"cmteId":"C00544270","cmteName":"IDAHO CONSERVATIVE GROWTH FUND"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00390674/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_C000880","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($10.1M combined receipts)","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $10.1M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: FREEDOM FUND (C00390674) · IDAHO CONSERVATIVE GROWTH FUND (C00544270).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.14,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00390674","cmteName":"FREEDOM FUND"},{"cmteId":"C00544270","cmteName":"IDAHO CONSERVATIVE GROWTH FUND"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00390674/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544270/"]},{"id":"P153_C000880","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's leadership PACs disbursed $8.2M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's leadership PACs disbursed $8.2M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: FREEDOM FUND (C00390674).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":8.16,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00390674","cmteName":"FREEDOM FUND"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00390674/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P157_C000880","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 618 sponsored, 4,384 cosponsored","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's congress.gov record shows 618 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":618,"cosponsoredCount":4384,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/mike-crapo/C000880","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_C000880_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 8 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 8 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":8,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/75ec449f-af6f-41af-b911-48b0e9ed23c2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_C000880","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's PFD net worth declined 50% year-over-year — 2015 $1.07M → 2016 $0.54M","explanation":"Michael “Mike” Crapo's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $1.07M in 2015 to $0.54M in 2016 — a 50% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2015","priorNetWorthM":1.07,"latestYear":"2016","latestNetWorthM":0.54,"declinePct":49.81,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72784fa2-9d55-4b71-aa04-cbf7a674e024/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e179df14-d958-4fee-9d3d-6d1739bbbb6a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e179df14-d958-4fee-9d3d-6d1739bbbb6a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/72784fa2-9d55-4b71-aa04-cbf7a674e024/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_ID_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"LOW","headline":"ID delegation: Michael “Mike” Crapo & James Risch both flagged on 9 shared detector types (1 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from ID — Michael “Mike” Crapo and James Risch — are flagged on the same 9 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 1 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P61, P68, P74, P82, P84, P88, P93, P96.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"ID","otherSenatorBid":"R000584","otherSenatorName":"James Risch","sharedDetectorCount":9,"sharedHighCount":1,"sharedDetectors":["P61","P68","P74","P82","P84","P88","P93","P96","P104"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000880","https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000584"]}],"S001176":[{"id":"P9_S001176_yddom8","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$16,960 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $16,960 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":16960.100000000002,"oppose":0,"net":16960.100000000002,"events":10,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":14864.32,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001847","name":"AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","support":1225.58,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":586.93,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":283.27,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P109_S001176","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Scalise named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($191.0M total receipts) — top: TEAM SCALISE","explanation":"Steve Scalise appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $191.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM SCALISE (C00750521, $92.4M receipts, treasurer OTTENHOFF, BENJAMIN). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":191,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00750521","name":"TEAM SCALISE","receipts":92361103.18,"treasurer":"OTTENHOFF, BENJAMIN","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750521/"},{"committeeId":"C00568162","name":"SCALISE LEADERSHIP FUND","receipts":86195044.16,"treasurer":"CALEB CROSBY","activeYears":7,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00568162/"},{"committeeId":"C00857144","name":"SCALISE LEADERSHIP FUND 2024","receipts":12446520.98,"treasurer":"OTTENHOFF, BENJAMIN","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00857144/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00750521/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00750521/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_S001176","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Scalise ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $211M across 25 cycles","explanation":"Steve Scalise's FEC-bulk record shows $210.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 25 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":210.9,"cycleCount":25,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H0LA01087"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0LA01087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P199_S001176","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Scalise — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($105.5M)","explanation":"Steve Scalise is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $105.5M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":105450108,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0LA01087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000600":[{"id":"P9_D000600_o6p4nm","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$11,717 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $11,717 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":11717.300000000001,"oppose":0,"net":11717.300000000001,"events":15,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":10559.35,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":463.1499999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002969","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS SAVE AMERICA'S FREE ENTERPRISE TRUST","support":234.04,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":193.85,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70003108","name":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIRE FIGHTERS","support":192.17,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_D000600_cz6z0b","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $897,865 / spent $827,425","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00382036","cmteName":"DEMOCRACY BELIEVERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (DB PAC)","year":"2010","totalReceipts":15000,"totalDisbursements":20500.2,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00565630","cmteName":"MAINTAINING ALL REPUBLICANS IN OFFICE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":21000,"totalDisbursements":7761.3,"cashOnHand":13238.73},{"cmteId":"C00565630","cmteName":"MAINTAINING ALL REPUBLICANS IN OFFICE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":57470,"totalDisbursements":55045.8,"cashOnHand":15662.93},{"cmteId":"C00565630","cmteName":"MAINTAINING ALL REPUBLICANS IN OFFICE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":132300,"totalDisbursements":133004.6,"cashOnHand":14958.29},{"cmteId":"C00565630","cmteName":"MAINTAINING ALL REPUBLICANS IN OFFICE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":138078.7,"totalDisbursements":128828.6,"cashOnHand":24208.35}],"totalRaised":897864.8999999999,"totalSpent":827424.8999999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_D000600_luxs3r","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"95% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $128,750 in itemized individual contributions, $121,700 (95%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":128750,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":250,"$500-$999":1000,"$1000-$1999":5800,"$2000 and over":121700},"megaShare":94.5,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000600_6pcuk4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mario Diaz-Balart campaign paid $9,469 to 10 surname-matched vendors, top: CANALS DISCOUNT LIQUOR","explanation":"Mario Diaz-Balart's campaign paid 12 disbursements totaling $9,469 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANALS DISCOUNT LIQUOR","total":4616.57,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CANALS DISCOUNT LIQUOR","amount":2495.34,"date":"2026-03-13","description":"MEETING EXPENSE- NOT IN SUPPORT OF ANY SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIED FEDERAL CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"canals","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CANALS DISCOUNT LIQUOR","amount":2121.23,"date":"2025-03-14","description":"MEETING EXPENSE - NOT IN SUPPORT OF ANY SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIED FEDERAL CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"canals","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANALS, EILEEN","total":1650,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CANALS, EILEEN","amount":1650,"date":"2020-07-31","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"canals","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CANALS LIQUORS","total":1447.12,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CANALS LIQUORS","amount":1447.12,"date":"2023-06-14","description":"MEETING EXPENSE - NOT IN SUPPORT OF ANY SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIED FEDERAL CANDIDATE","surnameMatched":"canals","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOE CANALS - LAWRENCEVILLE","total":473.85,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"JOE CANALS - LAWRENCEVILLE","amount":258.24,"date":"2014-06-04","description":"FOOD & BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"canals","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"JOE CANALS - LAWRENCEVILLE","amount":215.61,"date":"2014-11-03","description":"FOOD & BEVERAGE","surnameMatched":"canals","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOE CANALS OF CAPE MAY","total":261.64,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JOE CANALS OF CAPE MAY","amount":261.64,"date":"2024-08-26","description":"FOOD AND MEALS","surnameMatched":"canals","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIGUEL CANALS PRINTING","total":250,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MIGUEL CANALS PRINTING","amount":250,"date":"2011-09-13","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"canals","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CANALS%20DISCOUNT%20LIQUOR"]},{"id":"P61_D000600","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $184,211.75","explanation":"Mario Diaz-Balart received campaign contributions totaling $184,211.75 from 26 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 26 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: COASTAL 150 (COASTAL ALABAMA LEADERSHIP COUNCIL) ( ($18,011.75); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,200); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); GENERAL ATOMICS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":26,"totalDollars":184211.75,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"HISPANIC LEADERSHIP TRUST PARTNERSHIP","ldaClient":"COASTAL 150 (COASTAL ALABAMA LEADERSHIP COUNCIL) (FKA COASTAL AL PARTNERSHIP)","donorTotal":18011.75,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC CONDUIT","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13200,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL ATOMICS PAC","ldaClient":"GENERAL ATOMICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P136_D000600","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mario Diaz-Balart ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.9M across 26 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Mario Diaz-Balart's FEC-bulk record shows $17.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $35.6M (PAC: $17.9M, individual: $16.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.63,"lifetimeIndividualM":16.32,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2FL25018"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL25018/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_D000600","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mario Diaz-Balart draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.9M PAC / $35.6M total)","explanation":"Mario Diaz-Balart's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.9M of $35.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.63,"pacSharePct":50.4,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2FL25018"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL25018/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P152_D000600","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mario Diaz-Balart operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.9M combined receipts)","explanation":"Mario Diaz-Balart operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.9M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: DEMOCRACY BELIEVERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (DB PAC) (C00382036) · MAINTAINING ALL REPUBLICANS IN OFFICE PAC (C00565630).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.9,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00382036","cmteName":"DEMOCRACY BELIEVERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (DB PAC)"},{"cmteId":"C00565630","cmteName":"MAINTAINING ALL REPUBLICANS IN OFFICE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00382036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00565630/"]},{"id":"P182_D000600_SafeBuildingCodeInce","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mario Diaz-Balart sponsored \"Safe Building Code Incentive Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Mario Diaz-Balart has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Safe Building Code Incentive Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"T000472":[{"id":"P9_T000472_a1qxxs","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$46,385 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $46,385 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":46385.35000000001,"oppose":0,"net":46385.35000000001,"events":44,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":26679.92,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001516","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS","support":11732,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":2636.12,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000120","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES AFL-CIO","support":2067.15,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002118","name":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS","support":827.35,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_T000472_6kcg6a","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $443,405 / spent $443,176","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00547356","cmteName":"INLAND EMPIRE STRIKES PAC; THE","year":"2022","totalReceipts":191212.7,"totalDisbursements":191050.7,"cashOnHand":2939.09},{"cmteId":"C00547356","cmteName":"INLAND EMPIRE STRIKES PAC; THE","year":"2024","totalReceipts":172000,"totalDisbursements":173726.3,"cashOnHand":1212.81},{"cmteId":"C00547356","cmteName":"INLAND EMPIRE STRIKES PAC; THE","year":"2026","totalReceipts":80192.5,"totalDisbursements":78399.4,"cashOnHand":3005.94}],"totalRaised":443405.2,"totalSpent":443176.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000472_casnp1","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark Takano campaign paid $967,999 to 8 surname-matched vendors, top: DURKEE & ASSOCIATES","explanation":"Mark Takano's campaign paid 99 disbursements totaling $967,999 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DURKEE & ASSOCIATES","total":777580.2800000001,"count":90,"samples":[{"payee":"DURKEE & ASSOCIATES","amount":126645.32,"date":"2011-09-08","description":"FUNDS HELD BY LA SUPERIOR COURT,PENDING COURT RESOLUTION","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DURKEE & ASSOCIATES","amount":68885.96,"date":"2011-09-21","description":"CASH ON HAND ADJUSTMENT DUE TO UNAUTHORIZED DISBURSEMENTS.","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"DURKEE & ASSOCIATES","amount":66342.03,"date":"2011-07-01","description":"FUNDS BELIEVED TO BE MISAPPROPRIATED BY FORMER TREASURER KINDE DURKEE","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"UNAUTHORIZED DISBURSMENT BY DURKEE","total":100000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"UNAUTHORIZED DISBURSMENT BY DURKEE","amount":100000,"date":"2011-08-31","description":"UNAUTHORIZED DISBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"UNAUTHORIZED DISBURSEMENT BY DURKEE","total":25000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"UNAUTHORIZED DISBURSEMENT BY DURKEE","amount":25000,"date":"2011-08-17","description":"UNAUTHORIZED DISBURSEMENT","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TAKANO CALIFORNIA WAVE","total":18900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TAKANO CALIFORNIA WAVE","amount":18900,"date":"2018-07-15","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"takano","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KINDE DURKEE & ASSOCIATES","total":17077.52,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KINDE DURKEE & ASSOCIATES","amount":17077.52,"date":"2011-09-08","description":"DURKEE & ASSOCIATES CLIENT CASE-INFORMATION PENDING REPORT MAY NEED TO BE AMENDED.","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DURKEE, KINDE","total":14700,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"DURKEE, KINDE","amount":5700,"date":"2008-12-22","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"DURKEE, KINDE","amount":5000,"date":"2009-01-01","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"DURKEE, KINDE","amount":4000,"date":"2007-05-25","description":"LOAN PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"durkee","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DURKEE%20%26%20ASSOCIATES"]},{"id":"P90_T000472","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Takano's campaign paid $43,900 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: TAKANO VICTORY 2012 ($20,000)","explanation":"Mark Takano's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $43,900 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TAKANO VICTORY 2012 ($20,000 across 3 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":43900,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TAKANO VICTORY 2012","total":20000,"count":3,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"TAKANO CALIFORNIA WAVE","total":18900,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"TAKANO EQUALITY WAVE","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"takano"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2CA43245&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_T000472","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Takano draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.8M PAC / $20.0M total)","explanation":"Mark Takano's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.8M of $20.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.98,"pacSharePct":34.2,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H2CA43245"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA43245/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001281":[{"id":"P9_B001281_myanwr","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$140,467 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $140,467 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":140466.72999999998,"oppose":0,"net":140466.72999999998,"events":16,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":129719,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":8698.539999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004452","name":"OHIO COUNCIL 8, AFSCME, AFL-CIO","support":809.72,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70005863","name":"NATIONWIDE","support":800,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":318.23,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_B001281_uv8of6","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $944,576 / spent $686,023","explanation":"This member sponsors 7 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00571216","cmteName":"DEFENDING AMERICAN VALUES EVERYWHERE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":0,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":0},{"cmteId":"C00571216","cmteName":"DEFENDING AMERICAN VALUES EVERYWHERE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":56378.8,"totalDisbursements":48322,"cashOnHand":8056.78},{"cmteId":"C00571216","cmteName":"DEFENDING AMERICAN VALUES EVERYWHERE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":50500,"totalDisbursements":43678.5,"cashOnHand":14878.32},{"cmteId":"C00571216","cmteName":"DEFENDING AMERICAN VALUES EVERYWHERE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":167396.9,"totalDisbursements":113087.3,"cashOnHand":69187.99},{"cmteId":"C00571216","cmteName":"DEFENDING AMERICAN VALUES EVERYWHERE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":265000,"totalDisbursements":216065.2,"cashOnHand":118122.8}],"totalRaised":944575.7,"totalSpent":686022.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001281_pzxpap","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joyce Beatty campaign paid $654,968 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: ELECT KATIE HOBBS","explanation":"Joyce Beatty's campaign paid 44 disbursements totaling $654,968 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","total":386952.87,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":127358.97,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":86933.21,"date":"2025-12-19","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS","amount":48760.69,"date":"2025-12-31","description":"JOINT FUNDRAISING TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","total":76450,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":26450,"date":"2022-12-05","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":25000,"date":"2023-01-03","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ELECT KATIE HOBBS - INAUGURAL ACCOUNT","amount":25000,"date":"2022-12-30","description":"STATE INAUGURAL CMTE","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BEATTY, JEFFREY","total":59598,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BEATTY, JEFFREY","amount":40000,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"beatty","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"BEATTY, JEFFREY","amount":19598,"date":"2008-11-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"beatty","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","total":26900,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":10600,"date":"2022-12-07","description":"ELECTION DEBT RETIREMENT","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":5500,"date":"2025-07-09","description":"AZ GOVERNOR","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KATIE HOBBS, ELECT FOR GOV","amount":5400,"date":"2024-09-11","description":"AZ GOVERNOR","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","total":15017,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","amount":7795,"date":"2016-10-04","description":"MEMORABILIA","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"MAX HOBBS POLITICAL MEMORABILIA","amount":7222,"date":"2004-08-27","description":"MISCELLANEOUS BUTTONS & LAPEL PINS","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOBBS, NICOLE","total":12000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOBBS, NICOLE","amount":12000,"date":"2018-10-25","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"hobbs","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ELECT%20KATIE%20HOBBS"]},{"id":"P34_B001281_5kyfbd","pattern_type":"P34_LOBBY_CLIENT_DONOR_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donor PACs also appear as federal lobbying clients — total $10,000","explanation":"Joyce Beatty's PAC donor list overlaps with organizations that actively lobby the federal government. Lobbying-then-donating is the textbook access model — the donation keeps the member receptive while the lobbyist makes the ask.","evidence":[{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BMS PAC)","total":5000,"matchedClient":"BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB","matchType":"token"},{"source":"lobby_donor","name":"WELLS FARGO AND COMPANY EMPLOYEE PAC (AKA WELLS FARGO EMPLOYEE PAC)","total":5000,"matchedClient":"WELLS FARGO COMPANY","matchType":"token"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P58_B001281","pattern_type":"P58_CORPORATE_COMM_COST_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$140K in corporate/union member-endorsement communications — 92% from AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","explanation":"Joyce Beatty received $140,466.73 in corporate or union communication-cost endorsements — internal-membership communications (mailers, emails, member newsletters) directed to the organization's own employees or members rather than the broader public. The dominant endorser was AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO ($129,719 = 92%). These are FEC-disclosed expenditures distinct from independent expenditures (express advocacy ads) and electioneering communications (broadcast ads). When a corporate or union PAC commits ≥$50K to internal endorsement, it signals a sustained relationship: the organization is investing in mobilizing its own membership to vote for this member.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_cost_total","support":140466.72999999998,"oppose":0,"byYear":{"2012":130211.18000000001,"2014":2807.64,"2016":1557.01,"2022":1142.7,"2024":5890.9},"corpCount":7},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002472","name":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO","support":129719,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":8698.539999999999,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002563/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70004452","name":"OHIO COUNCIL 8, AFSCME, AFL-CIO","support":809.72,"oppose":0,"types":["O","DM"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70004452/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70005863","name":"NATIONWIDE","support":800,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70005863/"},{"source":"corp","cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":318.23,"oppose":0,"types":["O"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70000112/"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C70002472/","https://www.fec.gov/data/communication-costs/"]},{"id":"P61_B001281","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"35 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $219,000","explanation":"Joyce Beatty received campaign contributions totaling $219,000 from 35 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 34 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION (DBA FICO) ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":35,"totalDollars":219000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (FICO PAC)","ldaClient":"FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION (DBA FICO)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_B001281","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joyce Beatty named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Joyce Beatty appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Joyce Beatty","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-joyce/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-joyce/"]},{"id":"P90_B001281","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joyce Beatty's campaign paid $14,520 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: BEATTY, SARAH ($8,000)","explanation":"Joyce Beatty's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $14,520 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BEATTY, SARAH ($8,000 across 1 payments, services: CAMPAIGN STAFF). Cycles covered: 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":14520,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BEATTY, SARAH","total":8000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CAMPAIGN STAFF"]},{"payee":"BEATTY, MILDRED M","total":6520,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION REF TO INDIVIDUAL"]}],"surname":"beatty"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2OH03125&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_B001281","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joyce Beatty draws 69% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.5M PAC / $22.5M total)","explanation":"Joyce Beatty's FEC-bulk record shows 69% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.5M of $22.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.53,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.49,"pacSharePct":69.1,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2OH03125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH03125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"J000294":[{"id":"P9_J000294_7t79i0","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$35,975 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $35,975 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: LOCAL 32BJ S E I U AFL-CIO.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":35974.76,"oppose":0,"net":35974.76,"events":11,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70004239","name":"LOCAL 32BJ S E I U AFL-CIO","support":24298.45,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":11361.66,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001359","name":"NEW YORK STATE PUBLIC EMPLOYEES FEDERATION - COPE","support":314.65,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000492","name":"NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_J000294_ub5is","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $7,255,080 / spent $6,380,312","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00617803","cmteName":"JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":22500,"totalDisbursements":19600.3,"cashOnHand":2899.69},{"cmteId":"C00617803","cmteName":"JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":413200,"totalDisbursements":299282.7,"cashOnHand":116817},{"cmteId":"C00617803","cmteName":"JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":948150,"totalDisbursements":970845.5,"cashOnHand":94121.46},{"cmteId":"C00617803","cmteName":"JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":1368101.1,"totalDisbursements":1200107.5,"cashOnHand":262115.11},{"cmteId":"C00617803","cmteName":"JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":3492968.6,"totalDisbursements":2859683.2,"cashOnHand":895400.5}],"totalRaised":7255080.2,"totalSpent":6380311.600000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_J000294_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"114354 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $5,073,901 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 114354× NOT EMPLOYED = $5,073,901. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":114354,"total":5073901,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000294_r7xqca","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$240,964 donation spike on 2023-01-09 — 22.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-01-09 this committee recorded $240,964 across 127 contributions — 22.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,600.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503052","date":"2023-01-09","amount":240964,"count":127,"baseline":10600,"ratio":22.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503052/"]},{"id":"P15_J000294_eggb6j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,775 donation spike on 2021-05-26 — 17.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-05-26 this committee recorded $94,775 across 51 contributions — 17.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,509.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503052","date":"2021-05-26","amount":94775,"count":51,"baseline":5509,"ratio":17.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503052/"]},{"id":"P15_J000294_r7ujcy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,039 donation spike on 2023-06-28 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-28 this committee recorded $71,039 across 211 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,225.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503052","date":"2023-06-28","amount":71039,"count":211,"baseline":9225,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503052/"]},{"id":"P15_J000294_hcieoy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,300 donation spike on 2018-06-26 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-26 this committee recorded $59,300 across 44 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,816.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503052","date":"2018-06-26","amount":59300,"count":44,"baseline":5816,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503052/"]},{"id":"P19_J000294_tilzv0","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries campaign paid $885,324 to 23 surname-matched vendors, top: JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries's campaign paid 125 disbursements totaling $885,324 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND","total":368200,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND","amount":177200,"date":"2025-11-30","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jeffries","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND","amount":100000,"date":"2025-10-31","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jeffries","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND","amount":91000,"date":"2025-10-19","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jeffries","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","total":166155.06,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-08-04","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2005-07-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JANICA KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2004-07-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","total":158643.75,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-01-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":15000,"date":"2004-04-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"JANICA L. KYRIACOPOULOS","amount":10000,"date":"2003-06-02","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","total":65116,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":4225,"date":"2003-11-14","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":3997.5,"date":"2003-04-07","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA L","amount":3607.5,"date":"2003-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","total":53305.219999999994,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-12-03","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-11-05","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","amount":10000,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kyriacopoulos","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIERMAN, JAMES N","total":11428.95,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BIERMAN, JAMES N","amount":11428.95,"date":"2021-10-13","description":"POSTCARDS TO VOTERS (NONFEDERAL ELECTION0","surnameMatched":"bierman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JEFFRIES%20BATTLEGROUND%20PROTECTION%20FUND"]},{"id":"P25_J000294_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of PAC dollars ($2,979,586) come from Party industry","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":2979586,"share":63.6,"totalPAC":4682521.33,"pacCount":10},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":2979586,"share":63.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":1247500,"share":26.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":280435.32999999996,"share":6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":165000,"share":3.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P27_J000294_h8iphq","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 donor PACs share treasurer \"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00768200","name":"JEFFRIES VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00865402","name":"EMPIRE STATE STRIKES BACK","treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00837997","name":"EMPIRE STATE VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00834549","name":"JEFFRIES MAJORITY FUND","treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00832063","name":"JEFFRIES CLARK VICTORY FUND","treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS JANICA"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_J000294","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 10 total findings","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":10,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_J000294","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $164,600","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries received campaign contributions totaling $164,600 from 2 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 2 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND ($122,400); EMPIRE STATE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION ($42,200).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":2,"totalDollars":164600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"DEFEND THE VOTE LEADERSHIP FUND","ldaClient":"DEFEND THE VOTE ACTION FUND","donorTotal":122400,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EMPIRE STATE VICTORY FUND","ldaClient":"EMPIRE STATE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION","donorTotal":42200,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_J000294","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $240,964 on 2023-01-09 (22.7× normal)","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $240,964 on 2023-01-09 — 22.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":395039,"maxRatio":22.7,"maxAmount":240964},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-01-09","amount":240964,"ratio":22.7,"baselineDaily":10600,"count":127,"cmteId":"C00503052","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00503052&min_date=2023-01-09&max_date=2023-01-09"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-05-26","amount":94775,"ratio":17.2,"baselineDaily":5509,"count":51,"cmteId":"C00503052","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00503052&min_date=2021-05-26&max_date=2021-05-26"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-06-26","amount":59300,"ratio":10.2,"baselineDaily":5816,"count":44,"cmteId":"C00503052","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00503052&min_date=2018-06-26&max_date=2018-06-26"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503052/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00503052&min_date=2023-01-09&max_date=2023-01-09"]},{"id":"P78_J000294","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 13 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 13 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (4); comm costs advocacy (1); leadership pac flow (1); employer bundling (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":13,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":4},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","count":1},{"type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/J000294","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_J000294","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries's campaign paid $368,200 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND ($368,200)","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $368,200 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND ($368,200 across 3 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":368200,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND","total":368200,"count":3,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"jeffries"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2NY10092&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_J000294","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries named on 3 Joint Fundraising Committees ($52.6M total receipts) — top: JEFFRIES VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries appears as a candidate beneficiary on 3 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $52.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: JEFFRIES VICTORY FUND (C00768200, $47.3M receipts, treasurer KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":3,"totalReceiptsM":52.61,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00768200","name":"JEFFRIES VICTORY FUND","receipts":47266134.95,"treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768200/"},{"committeeId":"C00916429","name":"JEFFRIES BATTLEGROUND PROTECTION FUND","receipts":3601106.49,"treasurer":"MERZ, JULIE","activeYears":1,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00916429/"},{"committeeId":"C00834549","name":"JEFFRIES MAJORITY FUND","receipts":1747227.11,"treasurer":"KYRIACOPOULOS, JANICA","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00834549/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768200/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00768200/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_J000294","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.0M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries's FEC-bulk record shows $20.0M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $102.3M (PAC: $20.0M, individual: $68.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":102.34,"lifetimeIndividualM":67.98,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2NY10092"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY10092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_J000294","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $102M across 16 cycles","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries's FEC-bulk record shows $102.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":102.34,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H2NY10092"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY10092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_J000294","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Technology ($0.17M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Technology industry — $0.17M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.17M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.17,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.17}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY10092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P151_J000294","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries operates leadership PAC with $7.3M lifetime receipts (6 cycles) — top: JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries operates 1 FEC-registered leadership PAC with combined lifetime receipts of $7.3M and disbursements of $6.4M across 6 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC (C00617803). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":7.26,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.38,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00617803","cmteName":"JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00617803/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P153_J000294","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries's leadership PAC disbursed $6.4M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries's leadership PAC disbursed $6.4M across 6 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC (C00617803).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.38,"yearsCovered":6,"distinctPACs":1,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00617803","cmteName":"JOBS, EDUCATION, & FAMILIES FIRST  JEFF PAC"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00617803/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P199_J000294","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Hakeem Jeffries — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($51.2M)","explanation":"Hakeem Jeffries is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $51.2M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":51168004,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY10092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001051":[{"id":"P9_C001051_piude5","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$29,261 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $29,261 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":29261.079999999998,"oppose":0,"net":29261.079999999998,"events":12,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":26643.85,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70003165","name":"TEXAS FARM BUREAU","support":2026.51,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":448.27,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":142.45,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_C001051_4brtwk","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,316,580 / spent $1,197,038","explanation":"This member sponsors 12 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00427401","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE & REPUBLICAN TOGETHER EQUALS RESULTS PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":49500,"totalDisbursements":40836.3,"cashOnHand":9984.82},{"cmteId":"C00427401","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE & REPUBLICAN TOGETHER EQUALS RESULTS PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":47000,"totalDisbursements":43670.8,"cashOnHand":13314.02},{"cmteId":"C00427401","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE & REPUBLICAN TOGETHER EQUALS RESULTS PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":51300,"totalDisbursements":61086.5,"cashOnHand":3527.56},{"cmteId":"C00427401","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE & REPUBLICAN TOGETHER EQUALS RESULTS PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":72800,"totalDisbursements":50256,"cashOnHand":26071.57},{"cmteId":"C00427401","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE & REPUBLICAN TOGETHER EQUALS RESULTS PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":89500,"totalDisbursements":115068,"cashOnHand":503.58}],"totalRaised":1316580,"totalSpent":1197038}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_C001051_kf8hd1","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $439,744 in itemized individual contributions, $356,002 (81%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":439744,"buckets":{"$200 and under":150,"$200.01-$499":18050,"$500-$999":13750,"$1000-$1999":51792,"$2000 and over":356002},"megaShare":81,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_C001051","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"John R. Carter received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_C001051","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John R. Carter draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.2M PAC / $31.1M total)","explanation":"John R. Carter's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.2M of $31.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.12,"pacSharePct":45.6,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2TX31044"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX31044/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_C001051","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John R. Carter's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"John R. Carter's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_C001051","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John R. Carter operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($1.3M combined receipts)","explanation":"John R. Carter operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $1.3M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: CONSERVATIVE & REPUBLICAN TOGETHER EQUALS RESULTS PAC (C00427401) · BUILD THE BENCH PAC (C00794198).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":1.32,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00427401","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE & REPUBLICAN TOGETHER EQUALS RESULTS PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00794198","cmteName":"BUILD THE BENCH PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00427401/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00794198/"]},{"id":"P182_C001051_FortHoodVictimsandFa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John R. Carter sponsored \"Fort Hood Victims and Families Benefits Protection Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John R. Carter has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fort Hood Victims and Families Benefits Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000575":[{"id":"P9_L000575_ov0n2b","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$25,133 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $25,133 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":25132.74,"oppose":0,"net":25132.74,"events":15,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70002563","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS","support":16056.94,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000716","name":"NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION INSTITUTE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION","support":8642.319999999998,"oppose":0,"types":["DM","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001243","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":433.48,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70006432","name":"NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_L000575_aereft","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -13%)","explanation":"Of $9,797,498 in itemized individual contributions, $6,773,065 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":9797498,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1255106,"$200.01-$499":637487,"$500-$999":1301299,"$1000-$1999":2340753,"$2000 and over":6773065},"megaShare":69.1,"smallDonorShare":-12.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000575_7jza65","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$132,307 donation spike on 2014-08-22 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-08-22 this committee recorded $132,307 across 132 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,351.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466482","date":"2014-08-22","amount":132307,"count":132,"baseline":11351,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466482/"]},{"id":"P15_L000575_7nl3gg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,450 donation spike on 2021-08-18 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-18 this committee recorded $84,450 across 100 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,577.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466482","date":"2021-08-18","amount":84450,"count":100,"baseline":13577,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466482/"]},{"id":"P15_L000575_7jw39c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,350 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $72,350 across 72 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,904.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466482","date":"2014-03-31","amount":72350,"count":72,"baseline":11904,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466482/"]},{"id":"P15_L000575_7n54t3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,000 donation spike on 2021-12-09 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-09 this committee recorded $70,000 across 30 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,775.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466482","date":"2021-12-09","amount":70000,"count":30,"baseline":7775,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466482/"]},{"id":"P15_L000575_70pzvh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,425 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $62,425 across 73 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,918.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466482","date":"2022-03-31","amount":62425,"count":73,"baseline":8918,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466482/"]},{"id":"P19_L000575_csl2mh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Lankford campaign paid $27,336,213 to 15 surname-matched vendors, top: MOORE A SERIES LLC","explanation":"James Lankford's campaign paid 101 disbursements totaling $27,336,213 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","total":16146400.339999998,"count":51,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":736620.47,"date":"2024-08-05","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":731094.23,"date":"2025-01-10","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MOORE A SERIES LLC","amount":703490.83,"date":"2025-02-19","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","total":4653536.5600000005,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":798012,"date":"2022-09-21","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":472007,"date":"2022-10-05","description":"GENERIC GOTV MAIL","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS","amount":448608.56,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE/PETERS MI SENATE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE LLC","total":1540844.4599999997,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":469273.19,"date":"2024-07-25","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":284206.49,"date":"2024-06-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE LLC","amount":273971.69,"date":"2024-08-15","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","total":1381289.02,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":259856,"date":"2020-09-25","description":"LITERATURE AND VOLUNTEER EXEMPT MAIL PIECE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":215283,"date":"2018-10-15","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) LITERATURE: PROMOTE KAINE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOORE CAMPAIGNS, LLC","amount":199025,"date":"2020-10-13","description":"VOLUNTEER EXEMPT (100.87) MAIL: OPPOSE GADE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","total":912694.72,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":229937.77,"date":"2024-09-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":184197.86,"date":"2024-09-03","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP","amount":172003.1,"date":"2024-11-26","description":"DIRECT MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","total":868139.77,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":201739.6,"date":"2024-06-18","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":177402.62,"date":"2024-11-20","description":"MAIL PROCESSING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MOORE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT GROUP INC","amount":165098.72,"date":"2024-07-03","description":"POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"moore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MOORE%20A%20SERIES%20LLC"]},{"id":"P29_L000575_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OK R delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LANKFORD, James voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_L000575","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $177,827.11","explanation":"James Lankford received campaign contributions totaling $177,827.11 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: MIDFIRST BANK ($122,827.11); L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES ($10,000); TEXAS CATTLE FEEDERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($5,000); NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":177827.11,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"MIDFIRST BANK","ldaClient":"MIDFIRST BANK","donorTotal":122827.10999999999,"exact":true},{"donorName":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES INC. PAC","ldaClient":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BEEF PAC OF TEXAS CATTLE FEEDERS ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"TEXAS CATTLE FEEDERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNER ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL COMM FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000575","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $132,307 on 2014-08-22 (11.7× normal)","explanation":"James Lankford's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $132,307 on 2014-08-22 — 11.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":132307,"maxRatio":11.7,"maxAmount":132307},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-08-22","amount":132307,"ratio":11.7,"baselineDaily":11351,"count":132,"cmteId":"C00466482","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00466482&min_date=2014-08-22&max_date=2014-08-22"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466482/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00466482&min_date=2014-08-22&max_date=2014-08-22"]},{"id":"P63_L000575","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 50 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"James Lankford's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 50 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): IVV, SCHF, OAYLX, VWO, NFFFX, IJR, VLUE, CSDIX, PCLPX, RSP, CFMSX, CFSSX, DVN, PECO, CMNIX, … (35 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":50,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["IVV","SCHF","OAYLX","VWO","NFFFX","IJR","VLUE","CSDIX","PCLPX","RSP","CFMSX","CFSSX","DVN","PECO","CMNIX","FZAHX","FEMKX","FBGRX","CDDRX","SEKIX","FSSAX","FIKNX","FIQSX","FZAFX","FSSZX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_L000575","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Director at Promise Keepers Colorado Springs, CO","explanation":"James Lankford's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Promise Keepers Colorado Springs, CO (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Mar 2020 to Aug 2024","role":"Director","entity":"Promise Keepers Colorado Springs, CO","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_L000575","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$80,962 in outside earned income — top source: TRS Austin, TX ($$52,630.00)","explanation":"James Lankford's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $80,962 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: TRS Austin, TX ($52,630.00, Retirement); Humanix Publishing Boca Raton, FL ($28,332.00, Royalties).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":80962,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"TRS Austin, TX","amount":"$52,630.00","amountNumeric":52630},{"owner":"Self","type":"Royalties","source":"Humanix Publishing Boca Raton, FL","amount":"$28,332.00","amountNumeric":28332}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_L000575_2024","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 9 new ticker holdings in 2024 not present in prior PFD filings — including IVV, SCHF, OAYLX, VWO, NFFFX, IJR","explanation":"James Lankford's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 9 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: IVV, SCHF, OAYLX, VWO, NFFFX, IJR, VLUE, CSDIX, PCLPX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2024,"count":9,"newTickers":["IVV","SCHF","OAYLX","VWO","NFFFX","IJR","VLUE","CSDIX","PCLPX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b43f1c48-5289-4bc7-a3bb-12b46a6650a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b43f1c48-5289-4bc7-a3bb-12b46a6650a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_L000575","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 15 total findings across the platform","explanation":"James Lankford appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 15 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (5); comm costs advocacy (1); mega donor dependency (1); family vendor (1); delegation vote break (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":15,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1},{"type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","count":1},{"type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","count":1},{"type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1},{"type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/L000575","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_L000575_2024","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 12 ticker holdings between 2023 and 2024 — including CMNIX, FZAHX, FEMKX, FBGRX, CDDRX, SEKIX","explanation":"James Lankford's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 12 ticker holdings present in the 2023 filing but absent in 2024. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: CMNIX, FZAHX, FEMKX, FBGRX, CDDRX, SEKIX, FSSAX, FIKNX, FIQSX, FZAFX, FSSZX, MET.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2023,2024],"count":12,"divestedTickers":["CMNIX","FZAHX","FEMKX","FBGRX","CDDRX","SEKIX","FSSAX","FIKNX","FIQSX","FZAFX","FSSZX","MET"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b43f1c48-5289-4bc7-a3bb-12b46a6650a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b43f1c48-5289-4bc7-a3bb-12b46a6650a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_L000575_2018","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Lankford filed 2 amendments to the 2018 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. James Lankford's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2018 report alone, with 5 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2018,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 2)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/651ad9c6-9583-4b4f-8677-cd1141235a99/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ed14b914-26a6-4650-9d9c-b39ee2ad81aa/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/651ad9c6-9583-4b4f-8677-cd1141235a99/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ed14b914-26a6-4650-9d9c-b39ee2ad81aa/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_L000575","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Lankford's campaign paid $61,025 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: LANKFORD, MIKE ($40,000)","explanation":"James Lankford's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 2 payments totaling $61,025 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: LANKFORD, MIKE ($40,000 across 1 payments, services: KICKOFF EVENT ORGANIZING COSTS (NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT)). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":61025,"paymentCount":2,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"LANKFORD, MIKE","total":40000,"count":1,"descriptions":["KICKOFF EVENT ORGANIZING COSTS (NON-CONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT)"]},{"payee":"LANKFORD CONSTRUCTION COMPANY","total":21025,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENT CONSTRUCTION"]}],"surname":"lankford"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S4OK00232&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_L000575","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Lankford filed 7 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 164 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. James Lankford has filed 7 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 164 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2017 (164d late, filed 10/26/2017) · 2017 (164d late, filed 10/26/2017) · 2017 (150d late, filed 10/12/2017) · 2018 (127d late, filed 09/19/2018).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":7,"maxDaysLate":164,"samples":[{"year":2017,"filingDate":"10/26/2017","daysLate":164,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e91b85b1-1995-4bc6-8977-0753c6cf5431/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2015 (Amendment 2)"},{"year":2017,"filingDate":"10/26/2017","daysLate":164,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4b72e8be-ac7d-4e31-913b-cf5ba6dda160/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2016 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2017,"filingDate":"10/12/2017","daysLate":150,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/extension-notice/regular/207f17bf-86c8-445b-b4a5-02571c6d6b5f/","title":"Annual Report for 2016 Due Date Extension 1 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2018,"filingDate":"09/19/2018","daysLate":127,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/651ad9c6-9583-4b4f-8677-cd1141235a99/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2017 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e91b85b1-1995-4bc6-8977-0753c6cf5431/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4b72e8be-ac7d-4e31-913b-cf5ba6dda160/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/extension-notice/regular/207f17bf-86c8-445b-b4a5-02571c6d6b5f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P101_L000575_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Lankford's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$28,332 disclosed) — top: Humanix Publishing Boca Raton,","explanation":"James Lankford's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $28,332 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Humanix Publishing Boca Raton, (Royalties, $28,332.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":28332,"matches":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Humanix Publishing Boca Raton, FL","amount":"$28,332.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_L000575_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Lankford holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Director · Promise Keepers Colorado Springs,","explanation":"James Lankford's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Promise Keepers Colorado Springs,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Promise Keepers Colorado Springs, CO","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Mar 2020 to Aug 2024"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P123_L000575_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Lankford holds 1 oil/gas ticker on 2025 PFD — DVN","explanation":"James Lankford's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: DVN ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"DVN","asset":"DVN - Devon Energy Corporation Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P138_L000575","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Lankford draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.6M PAC / $32.7M total)","explanation":"James Lankford's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.6M of $32.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":32.68,"pacSharePct":32.6,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"S4OK00232"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OK00232/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_L000575","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Lankford's PAC funding concentrates 89% in Finance ($0.12M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"James Lankford's PAC donors concentrate 89% in the Finance industry — $0.12M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.12M · Healthcare $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.12,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":89.1,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.12,"Healthcare":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4OK00232/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P157_L000575","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Lankford ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 648 sponsored, 2,348 cosponsored","explanation":"James Lankford's congress.gov record shows 648 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":648,"cosponsoredCount":2348,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/james-lankford/L000575","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P167_L000575_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Lankford's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $0.8M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"James Lankford's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $0.8M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":758511.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_L000575_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Lankford's 2025 PFD lists 6 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: Trinity Baptist Church Ada, (Other (Religious Service))","explanation":"James Lankford's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 6 payers not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Other (Religious Service) from Trinity Baptist Church Ada, ($500.00) · Self: Other (Religious Service) from First Baptist Church Altus, ($3,054.00) · Self: Other (Religious Service) from Together We Church Yukon, ($1,800.00) · Self: Other (Religious Service) from Trinity Baptist Church Pauls ($200.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":6,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Religious Service)","payer":"Trinity Baptist Church Ada, OK","amount":"$500.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Religious Service)","payer":"First Baptist Church Altus, OK","amount":"$3,054.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Religious Service)","payer":"Together We Church Yukon, OK","amount":"$1,800.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Religious Service)","payer":"Trinity Baptist Church Pauls Valley, OK","amount":"$200.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Religious Service)","payer":"First Baptist Church Madill, OK","amount":"$500.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Humanix Publishing Boca Raton, FL","amount":"$28,332.00"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b43f1c48-5289-4bc7-a3bb-12b46a6650a6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b43f1c48-5289-4bc7-a3bb-12b46a6650a6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P193_L000575_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Lankford — 17 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"James Lankford's 2025 Senate PFD shows 17 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":17,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/46c769a4-050d-4298-b95a-41284ad787e5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001211":[{"id":"P9_S001211_bkw44k","pattern_type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$13,204 in corporate/union internal SUPPORT communications mentioning member","explanation":"Corporations and unions spent $13,204 on restricted-audience communications (to stockholders/members) supporting this member — top source: ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND.","evidence":[{"source":"comm_costs","support":13204.25,"oppose":0,"net":13204.25,"events":27,"topCorps":[{"cmteId":"C70006358","name":"ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND","support":10906.07,"oppose":0,"types":["TP","O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001318","name":"SIERRA CLUB","support":2298.1800000000003,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70000112","name":"AFL-CIO ","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]},{"cmteId":"C70001979","name":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMSTERS","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["DM"]},{"cmteId":"C70004262","name":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS INC","support":0,"oppose":0,"types":["O"]}]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P10_S001211_yclgtl","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $249,954 / spent $214,527","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00758862","cmteName":"GETTING RESULTS BY ENGAGING THE GRASSROOTS PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":39350,"totalDisbursements":10587.4,"cashOnHand":28762.62},{"cmteId":"C00758862","cmteName":"GETTING RESULTS BY ENGAGING THE GRASSROOTS PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":84154,"totalDisbursements":92760.7,"cashOnHand":20155.89},{"cmteId":"C00758862","cmteName":"GETTING RESULTS BY ENGAGING THE GRASSROOTS PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":76200,"totalDisbursements":74807.7,"cashOnHand":21565.24},{"cmteId":"C00758862","cmteName":"GETTING RESULTS BY ENGAGING THE GRASSROOTS PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":50250,"totalDisbursements":36371,"cashOnHand":35444.2}],"totalRaised":249954,"totalSpent":214526.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001211_ABT_2023-09-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-26 and 2023-10-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-26 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001211_LLY_2023-09-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LLY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-20 and 2023-09-26, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on LLY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-09-20","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LLY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"}],"span":"2023-09-20 to 2023-09-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001211_SPGI_2023-09-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought SPGI within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-26 and 2023-10-03, 4 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on SPGI. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"SPGI","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-26 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001211_ACN_2023-09-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ACN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-22 and 2023-09-29, 3 members took the same direction on ACN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2023-09-22","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ACN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2023-09-22 to 2023-09-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001211_INTU_2023-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold INTU within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-10-24 and 2023-10-31, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on INTU. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTU","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"INTU","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2023-10-24 to 2023-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001211_ELV_2023-09-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ELV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-09-26 and 2023-10-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ELV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ELV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001190","name":"Markwayne Mullin"}],"span":"2023-09-26 to 2023-10-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001211_ISRG_2023-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ISRG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-10-24 and 2023-10-31, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ISRG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ISRG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001211","name":"Greg Stanton"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2023-10-24 to 2023-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001211_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Stanton executed 19 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LLY","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Requirements for Additional Traceability Records for Certain Foods; Technical Amendment","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Requirements for Additional Traceability Records for Certain Foods; Technical Amendment","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-09-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001211_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"49 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Stanton executed 49 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Coastal Migratory Pelagic Resources of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Region; Commercial Closure for Atlantic Spanish M","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-09-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Coastal Migratory Pelagic Resources of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Region; Commercial Closure for Atlantic Spanish M","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2023-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001211_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Stanton executed 8 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-09-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Engines","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001211_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Stanton executed 24 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Determination Pursuant to Section 1(a)(i) of Executive Order 14014","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-09-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Determination Pursuant to Section 1(a)(i) of Executive Order 14014","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-09-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001211_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Stanton executed 4 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Official Seal Description","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2023-10-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Official Seal Description","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2023-10-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001211_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Greg Stanton executed 2 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2023-10-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2023-09-26","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Renaming of Restricted Areas R-6302A, R-6302B, R-6302C, R-6302D, and R-6302E, and Updating the Using Agency, U.S. Army, ","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2023-09-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2023-08-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S001211_xvzmgz","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Stanton campaign paid $3,825,376 to 39 surname-matched vendors, top: THE STANTON GROUP, LLC","explanation":"Greg Stanton's campaign paid 180 disbursements totaling $3,825,376 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE STANTON GROUP, LLC","total":2110155.07,"count":57,"samples":[{"payee":"THE STANTON GROUP, LLC","amount":69501.4,"date":"2025-04-15","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stanton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"THE STANTON GROUP, LLC","amount":68682.72,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stanton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"THE STANTON GROUP, LLC","amount":58508.28,"date":"2024-12-02","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stanton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE STANTON GROUP LLC","total":585832.9899999999,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"THE STANTON GROUP LLC","amount":86046.04,"date":"2025-08-08","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stanton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"THE STANTON GROUP LLC","amount":67230,"date":"2020-10-09","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"stanton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"THE STANTON GROUP LLC","amount":45463.36,"date":"2025-10-16","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING/FOOD/BEVERAGES/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"stanton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FERNANDEZ, MIGUEL","total":368865,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FERNANDEZ, MIGUEL","amount":368865,"date":"2016-05-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"fernandez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BRIAN FOUCART","total":104139.65000000001,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"BRIAN FOUCART","amount":3552.64,"date":"2005-12-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BRIAN FOUCART","amount":3552.64,"date":"2005-12-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BRIAN FOUCART","amount":3552.64,"date":"2005-12-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"STANTON CHILD RESOURCE CENTER","total":80000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"STANTON CHILD RESOURCE CENTER","amount":80000,"date":"2025-10-08","description":"CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"stanton","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FOUCART, BRIAN","total":72755.20000000001,"count":27,"samples":[{"payee":"FOUCART, BRIAN","amount":4985.52,"date":"2003-01-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FOUCART, BRIAN","amount":3610.96,"date":"2004-08-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FOUCART, BRIAN","amount":3258.04,"date":"2004-12-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"foucart","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=THE%20STANTON%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P21_S001211_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 84d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (4 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":7,"avgGap":84,"buys":4,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":161,"avgGap":32}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001211","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 17 total findings","explanation":"Greg Stanton has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":17,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S001211_SYK_20231024","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SYK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $SYK 1 day after a corporate insider (KIM JAMES J  (CIK 0001158839)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"KIM JAMES J  (CIK 0001158839)","filingDate":"2023-10-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-053364","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_MCD_20230926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MCD 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $MCD 4 days after a corporate insider (Erlinger Joseph M.  (CIK 0001685800)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Erlinger Joseph M.  (CIK 0001685800)","filingDate":"2023-09-22","adsh":"0000063908-23-000091","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_ACN_20231024","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ACN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $ACN 4 days after a corporate insider (Sharma Manish  (CIK 0001911109)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Sharma Manish  (CIK 0001911109)","filingDate":"2023-10-20","adsh":"0001467373-23-000338","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_BAC_20231024","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BAC 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $BAC 4 days after a corporate insider (BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/  (BAC, BAC-PB, BAC-PE, BAC-PK, BAC-PL, BAC-PM, BAC-PN, BAC-PO, BAC-PP, BML-PG, BML-PH, BML-PJ, BML-PL)  (CIK 0000070858)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAC","filer":"BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/  (BAC, BAC-PB, BAC-PE, BAC-PK, BAC-PL, BAC-PM, BAC-PN, BAC-PO, BAC-PP, BML-PG, BML-PH, BML-PJ, BML-PL)  (CIK 0000070858)","filingDate":"2023-10-20","adsh":"0001140361-23-049052","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_NVDA_20230926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NVDA 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $NVDA 4 days after a corporate insider (Robertson Donald F Jr  (CIK 0001526111)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Robertson Donald F Jr  (CIK 0001526111)","filingDate":"2023-09-22","adsh":"0001045810-23-000211","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_CRM_20230926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CRM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $CRM 5 days after a corporate insider (Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Johnson BF, LLC  (CIK 0001896472)","filingDate":"2023-09-21","adsh":"0001828972-23-000166","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_NOW_20230926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NOW 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $NOW 5 days after a corporate insider (Zatlyn Michelle  (CIK 0001786951)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NOW","filer":"Zatlyn Michelle  (CIK 0001786951)","filingDate":"2023-09-21","adsh":"0000899243-23-019399","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_ZTS_20231024","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ZTS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $ZTS 5 days after a corporate insider (Lagano Roxanne  (CIK 0001567878)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"Lagano Roxanne  (CIK 0001567878)","filingDate":"2023-10-19","adsh":"0001555280-23-000238","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_UNH_20230926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UNH 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $UNH 5 days after a corporate insider (MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"MCNABB FREDERICK WILLIAM III  (CIK 0001731814)","filingDate":"2023-09-21","adsh":"0001209191-23-050312","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_META_20230926","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $META 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $META 5 days after a corporate insider (Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Newstead Jennifer  (CIK 0001780525)","filingDate":"2023-09-21","adsh":"0000950103-23-013869","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_DE_20231024","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DE 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $DE 5 days after a corporate insider (Pensions Caixa 2, Fondo De Pensiones  (CIK 0001985655)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DE","filer":"Pensions Caixa 2, Fondo De Pensiones  (CIK 0001985655)","filingDate":"2023-10-19","adsh":"0001104659-23-110126","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001211_VRTX_20231024","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $VRTX 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $VRTX 5 days after a corporate insider (Bhatia Sangeeta N.  (CIK 0001643921)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VRTX","filer":"Bhatia Sangeeta N.  (CIK 0001643921)","filingDate":"2023-10-19","adsh":"0001209191-23-053175","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_CRM_20231024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CRM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $CRM 1 day before a corporate insider (Millham Brian  (CIK 0001943041)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Millham Brian  (CIK 0001943041)","filingDate":"2023-10-25","adsh":"0001127602-23-026238"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_ABBV_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABBV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $ABBV 1 day before a corporate insider (GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"GONZALEZ RICHARD A  (CIK 0001239127)","filingDate":"2023-09-27","adsh":"0001415889-23-013605"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_CB_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $CB 1 day before a corporate insider (KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)","filingDate":"2023-09-27","adsh":"0001127602-23-024780"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_SYK_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SYK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $SYK 1 day before a corporate insider (KIM SUSAN Y  (CIK 0001158922)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYK","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYK","filer":"KIM SUSAN Y  (CIK 0001158922)","filingDate":"2023-09-27","adsh":"0001209191-23-050668"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_CAT_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CAT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $CAT 1 day before a corporate insider (Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"Evans Allan Thomas  (CIK 0001840143)","filingDate":"2023-09-27","adsh":"0001554795-23-000313"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_BALL_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $BALL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $BALL 1 day before a corporate insider (LONG BALL PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001308057)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BALL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BALL","filer":"LONG BALL PARTNERS LLC  (CIK 0001308057)","filingDate":"2023-09-27","adsh":"0000899243-23-019577"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_ELV_20231024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ELV 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $ELV 2 days before a corporate insider (Penczek Ronald W  (CIK 0001659075)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ELV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ELV","filer":"Penczek Ronald W  (CIK 0001659075)","filingDate":"2023-10-26","adsh":"0001156039-23-000111"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_ADBE_20231024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $ADBE 2 days before a corporate insider (Wadhwani David  (CIK 0001494665)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Wadhwani David  (CIK 0001494665)","filingDate":"2023-10-26","adsh":"0000796343-23-000232"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_GILD_20231024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GILD 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $GILD 2 days before a corporate insider (Telman Deborah H  (CIK 0001860008)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GILD","filer":"Telman Deborah H  (CIK 0001860008)","filingDate":"2023-10-26","adsh":"0001127602-23-026281"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_TDY_20221024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TDY 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $TDY 2 days before a corporate insider (Roks Edwin  (CIK 0001705520)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TDY","filer":"Roks Edwin  (CIK 0001705520)","filingDate":"2022-10-26","adsh":"0001094285-22-000116"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_GOOG_20231024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $GOOG 3 days before a corporate insider (RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR  (CIK 0001286672)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"RAGHAVAN PRABHAKAR  (CIK 0001286672)","filingDate":"2023-10-27","adsh":"0001209191-23-053801"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_PH_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $PH 3 days before a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2023-09-29","adsh":"0001539497-23-001656"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_LIN_20231024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LIN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $LIN 3 days before a corporate insider (ExcelFin SPAC LLC  (CIK 0001887711)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"ExcelFin SPAC LLC  (CIK 0001887711)","filingDate":"2023-10-27","adsh":"0001104659-23-112062"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_ADI_20231024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ADI 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $ADI 3 days before a corporate insider (Sacks Anelise Angelino  (CIK 0001848096)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"Sacks Anelise Angelino  (CIK 0001848096)","filingDate":"2023-10-27","adsh":"0000006281-23-000195"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_GOOG_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOG 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $GOOG 6 days before a corporate insider (MATHER ANN  (CIK 0001244892)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"MATHER ANN  (CIK 0001244892)","filingDate":"2023-10-02","adsh":"0001209191-23-051208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_PFE_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PFE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $PFE 6 days before a corporate insider (Quincey James  (CIK 0001561264)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"Quincey James  (CIK 0001561264)","filingDate":"2023-10-02","adsh":"0001225208-23-009139"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_VZ_20231024","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton sell $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2023-10-30","adsh":"0001062993-23-019794"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_VZ_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Sampath Sowmyanarayan  (CIK 0001934923)","filingDate":"2023-10-02","adsh":"0001062993-23-018678"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_QCOM_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $QCOM 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $QCOM 6 days before a corporate insider (Smit Neil  (CIK 0001312168)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"Smit Neil  (CIK 0001312168)","filingDate":"2023-10-02","adsh":"0001888316-23-000041"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_HWM_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HWM 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $HWM 6 days before a corporate insider (CHANATRY MICHAEL NIEM  (CIK 0001898777)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HWM","filer":"CHANATRY MICHAEL NIEM  (CIK 0001898777)","filingDate":"2023-10-02","adsh":"0001104659-23-106076"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_IBM_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $IBM 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $IBM 7 days before a corporate insider (ZOLLAR ALFRED W  (CIK 0001196985)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBM","filer":"ZOLLAR ALFRED W  (CIK 0001196985)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001562180-23-007146"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_AXP_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AXP 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $AXP 7 days before a corporate insider (Majoras Deborah P  (CIK 0001483177)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AXP","filer":"Majoras Deborah P  (CIK 0001483177)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001127602-23-025240"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_DIS_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DIS 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $DIS 7 days before a corporate insider (Everson Carolyn  (CIK 0001577369)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DIS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DIS","filer":"Everson Carolyn  (CIK 0001577369)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001744489-23-000193"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_CSCO_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CSCO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $CSCO 7 days before a corporate insider (Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Seip David Eric  (CIK 0001837636)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001127602-23-025394"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_JPM_20230926","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JPM 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Greg Stanton buy $JPM 7 days before a corporate insider (REINER GARY M  (CIK 0001233171)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JPM","filer":"REINER GARY M  (CIK 0001233171)","filingDate":"2023-10-03","adsh":"0001062993-23-018820"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001211_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+25 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Greg Stanton accumulated 50 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 25 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":25,"totalRaw":50}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P45_S001211","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"13% of stock trades (24 of 187) in major federal contractors — top: NEE ($14B in contracts, mostly National Aeronautics and Space Administration)","explanation":"Greg Stanton concentrated 13% of their stock-trading activity (24 of 187 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $98B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"NEE","totalContracts":13945196501.249996,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BLK","totalContracts":16614570957.05,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"AMD","totalContracts":8961624636.999998,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"META","totalContracts":8290566275.999999,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":2},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"COST","totalContracts":50204183515.10999,"agency":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","memberTrades":2},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":24,"totalStockTrades":187,"concentrationPct":13,"distinctContractors":12,"topExposure":98016141886.40999}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001211_CAT","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $CAT — CATERPILLAR's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Greg Stanton executed 2 reported trades in $CAT (CATERPILLAR). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"CATERPILLAR INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (CATPAC)\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","parent":"CATERPILLAR","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"CATERPILLAR INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (CATPAC)","parent":"CATERPILLAR","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CATERPILLAR%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(CATPAC)"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=CATERPILLAR%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20(CATPAC)","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001211_HD","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $HD — HOME DEPOT's PAC also donated $10,000","explanation":"Greg Stanton executed 2 reported trades in $HD (HOME DEPOT). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","parent":"HOME DEPOT","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","parent":"HOME DEPOT","total":10000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=THE%20HOME%20DEPOT%20INC.%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P52_S001211_CMCSA","pattern_type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 trades in $CMCSA — COMCAST's PAC also donated $8,000","explanation":"Greg Stanton executed 2 reported trades in $CMCSA (COMCAST). The same parent corporation's PAC (\"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL\") appears in this member's FEC donor list with $8,000 in contributions. Owning stock in a corporation whose PAC funds your campaign is a textbook position-conflict — the member's portfolio appreciates when legislation favors the parent corporation, while the corporation's PAC is reciprocally betting on the member's continued service.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","parent":"COMCAST","tradeCount":2,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-10-24"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-09-26"}]},{"source":"pac_donor","pacName":"COMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL","parent":"COMCAST","total":8000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20FEDERAL"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?contributor_name=COMCAST%20CORPORATION%20%26%20NBCUNIVERSAL%20POLITICAL%20ACTION%20COMMITTEE%20-%20FEDERAL","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P61_S001211","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $146,600","explanation":"Greg Stanton received campaign contributions totaling $146,600 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($33,100); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI) ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED ($8,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":146600,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":33100,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED","donorTotal":8500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P65_S001211_2023-09-26","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"93 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2023-09-26 — 93 unique tickers","explanation":"Greg Stanton executed 93 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2023-09-26 to 2023-09-26), spanning 93 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2023-09-26","windowEnd":"2023-09-26","tradeCount":93,"uniqueTickers":93,"totalDisclosedTrades":187,"sampleTickers":["DIS","CAT","DHR","LRCX","ABT","UNH","XOM","PH","TSLA","ADI"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001211","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 13 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 62 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Greg Stanton appears in 13 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 62 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 13 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (12); coordinated trade cluster (7); reg rule trade proximity (6); corporate pac ticker trade (3).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":13,"totalFindings":62,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":7},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P52_CORPORATE_PAC_TICKER_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P9_COMM_COSTS_ADVOCACY","count":1},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001211","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P90_S001211","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Stanton's campaign paid $184,485 to 3 surname-matched vendors — top: STANTON CHILD RESOURCE CENTER ($80,000)","explanation":"Greg Stanton's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $184,485 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: STANTON CHILD RESOURCE CENTER ($80,000 across 1 payments, services: CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":184485.01,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":3,"topPayees":[{"payee":"STANTON CHILD RESOURCE CENTER","total":80000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"THE STANTON GROUP","total":68975.92,"count":2,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","FUNDRAISING EVENT FOOD & BEVERAGE"]},{"payee":"STANTON PUBLIC RELATIONS","total":35509.09,"count":1,"descriptions":["AZ PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE PLANNING FEE"]}],"surname":"stanton"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8AZ09040&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P141_S001211","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Stanton executed 91 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL MRK (28d apart)","explanation":"Greg Stanton has 91 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL MRK 2023-09-26 → 2023-10-24 (28d) · BUY→SELL ACN 2023-09-26 → 2023-10-24 (28d) · BUY→SELL AVGO 2023-09-26 → 2023-10-24 (28d) · BUY→SELL PEP 2023-09-26 → 2023-10-24 (28d) · BUY→SELL SYK 2023-09-26 → 2023-10-24 (28d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":91,"samples":[{"ticker":"MRK","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-26","date2":"2023-10-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ACN","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-26","date2":"2023-10-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AVGO","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-26","date2":"2023-10-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PEP","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-26","date2":"2023-10-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SYK","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-26","date2":"2023-10-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"COP","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-26","date2":"2023-10-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-26","date2":"2023-10-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TMUS","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2023-09-26","date2":"2023-10-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_S001211","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Stanton's PAC funding concentrates 55% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Greg Stanton's PAC donors concentrate 55% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Agriculture $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Labor $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":55.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Agriculture":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8AZ09040/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P149_S001211","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greg Stanton triggers 22 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Greg Stanton accumulates 22 HIGH-severity findings across 17 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":22,"distinctDetectorTypes":17}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001211_2023-10-24","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Stanton — 93 trades on 2023-10-24","explanation":"Greg Stanton disclosed 93 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2023-10-24). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2023-10-24","count":93}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_S001211","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greg Stanton — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (187/187)","explanation":"Greg Stanton's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":187,"atBracket":187,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001211","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Greg Stanton — 95 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Greg Stanton has traded 95 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":95,"sample":["MRK","ACN","AVGO","PEP","SYK","COP","NVDA","TMUS","NEE","SPGI"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"D000216":[{"id":"P10_D000216_clx06j","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,489,067 / spent $2,429,487","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00370122","cmteName":"COMMITTEE FOR A DEMOCRATIC FUTURE","year":"2010","totalReceipts":192486.9,"totalDisbursements":191166.4,"cashOnHand":6869.63},{"cmteId":"C00370122","cmteName":"COMMITTEE FOR A DEMOCRATIC FUTURE","year":"2012","totalReceipts":143765.1,"totalDisbursements":138845.1,"cashOnHand":11789.58},{"cmteId":"C00370122","cmteName":"COMMITTEE FOR A DEMOCRATIC FUTURE","year":"2014","totalReceipts":121682.8,"totalDisbursements":129053.4,"cashOnHand":4418.94},{"cmteId":"C00370122","cmteName":"COMMITTEE FOR A DEMOCRATIC FUTURE","year":"2016","totalReceipts":158400,"totalDisbursements":148620.7,"cashOnHand":14198.26},{"cmteId":"C00370122","cmteName":"COMMITTEE FOR A DEMOCRATIC FUTURE","year":"2018","totalReceipts":161286.6,"totalDisbursements":172887.3,"cashOnHand":2597.58}],"totalRaised":2489066.6,"totalSpent":2429487.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_D000216_i0zebw","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $955,461 in itemized individual contributions, $788,233 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":955461,"buckets":{"$200 and under":330,"$200.01-$499":14341,"$500-$999":37057,"$1000-$1999":115500,"$2000 and over":788233},"megaShare":82.5,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_D000216","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $180,000","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro received campaign contributions totaling $180,000 from 26 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 26 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES ($15,000); UNITE HERE! ($10,000); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA) ($10,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":26,"totalDollars":180000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"COMMITTEE ON LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL EDUCATION (LETTER CARRIERS POLITICAL ACTION FUND)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL RURAL LETTER CARRIERS ASSOCIATION (NRLCA)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P136_D000216","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rosa DeLauro ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.7M across 38 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro's FEC-bulk record shows $19.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 38 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $41.2M (PAC: $19.7M, individual: $20.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.73,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.25,"lifetimeIndividualM":20.79,"cycleCount":38,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0CT03072"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CT03072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_D000216","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rosa DeLauro draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.7M PAC / $41.2M total)","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.7M of $41.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.73,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.25,"pacSharePct":47.8,"cycleCount":38,"fecId":"H0CT03072"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CT03072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_D000216","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rosa DeLauro's PAC funding concentrates 58% in Technology ($0.10M / $0.18M classified)","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro's PAC donors concentrate 58% in the Technology industry — $0.10M of $0.18M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.10M · Labor $0.04M · Transportation $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.18,"concentrationPct":57.7,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.1,"Labor":0.04,"Transportation":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CT03072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P157_D000216","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rosa DeLauro ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 634 sponsored, 6,488 cosponsored","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro's congress.gov record shows 634 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":634,"cosponsoredCount":6488,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/rosa-l.-delauro/D000216","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_D000216","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rosa DeLauro ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,488 cosponsored, 634 sponsored","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro's congress.gov record shows 6,488 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6488,"sponsoredCount":634,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/rosa-l.-delauro/D000216","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_D000216_PaycheckFairnessAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rosa DeLauro sponsored \"Paycheck Fairness Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Paycheck Fairness Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000216_BreastCancerPatientP","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rosa DeLauro sponsored \"Breast Cancer Patient Protection Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Breast Cancer Patient Protection Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000216_HealthyFamiliesAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rosa DeLauro sponsored \"Healthy Families Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Healthy Families Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000216_ManufacturingReinves","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rosa DeLauro sponsored \"Manufacturing Reinvestment Account Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rosa DeLauro has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Manufacturing Reinvestment Account Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"N000002":[{"id":"P10_N000002_uc84w3","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,057,228 / spent $1,022,146","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00363317","cmteName":"MANHATTAN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MANHATTAN PAC)","year":"2010","totalReceipts":137224.6,"totalDisbursements":124049.2,"cashOnHand":13266.62},{"cmteId":"C00363317","cmteName":"MANHATTAN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MANHATTAN PAC)","year":"2012","totalReceipts":77555,"totalDisbursements":69990.7,"cashOnHand":20830.89},{"cmteId":"C00363317","cmteName":"MANHATTAN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MANHATTAN PAC)","year":"2014","totalReceipts":59307,"totalDisbursements":61617.2,"cashOnHand":18520.71},{"cmteId":"C00363317","cmteName":"MANHATTAN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MANHATTAN PAC)","year":"2016","totalReceipts":131250,"totalDisbursements":125303.5,"cashOnHand":24467.26},{"cmteId":"C00363317","cmteName":"MANHATTAN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MANHATTAN PAC)","year":"2018","totalReceipts":191281,"totalDisbursements":184038.4,"cashOnHand":31709.82}],"totalRaised":1057227.7,"totalSpent":1022146.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_N000002_jixq6e","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"88% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $601,773 in itemized individual contributions, $526,800 (88%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":601773,"buckets":{"$200 and under":1425,"$200.01-$499":6885,"$500-$999":17902,"$1000-$1999":48761,"$2000 and over":526800},"megaShare":87.5,"smallDonorShare":0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_N000002","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $55,000","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler received campaign contributions totaling $55,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 8 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: SOCIETY OF COMPOSERS, AUTHORS, AND MUSIC PUBLISHER ($10,000); KOCH GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, LLC (FKA KOCH COMPANIES P ($10,000); NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF BASEBALL D/B/A MAJOR ($5,000); NEXSTAR BROADCASTING GROUP, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":55000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"BROADCAST MUSIC INC LEGISLATIVE FUND FOR AUTHORS COMPOSERS & PUBLISHERS","ldaClient":"SOCIETY OF COMPOSERS, AUTHORS, AND MUSIC PUBLISHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALBANIAN AMERICAN PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"KOCH GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, LLC (FKA KOCH COMPANIES PUBLIC SECTOR, LLC)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","ldaClient":"NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF BASEBALL D/B/A MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEXSTAR BROADCASTING GROUP INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NEXSTAR BROADCASTING GROUP, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P109_N000002","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerrold Nadler named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.4M total receipts) — top: NADLER VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.4M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: NADLER VICTORY FUND (C00657205, $1.4M receipts, treasurer WEISSMAN, LEWIS). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.4,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00657205","name":"NADLER VICTORY FUND","receipts":1403190,"treasurer":"WEISSMAN, LEWIS","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657205/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657205/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00657205/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_N000002","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerrold Nadler draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.6M PAC / $38.2M total)","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.6M of $38.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.18,"pacSharePct":33.1,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H2NY17071"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY17071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_N000002","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerrold Nadler's PAC funding concentrates 67% in Technology ($0.08M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler's PAC donors concentrate 67% in the Technology industry — $0.08M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.08M · Telecom $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Finance $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":66.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.08,"Telecom":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY17071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_N000002","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerrold Nadler ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 7,599 cosponsored, 543 sponsored","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler's congress.gov record shows 7,599 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":7599,"sponsoredCount":543,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/jerrold-nadler/N000002","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_N000002_UnitingAmericanFamil","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerrold Nadler sponsored \"Uniting American Families Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Uniting American Families Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000002_SayNotoDrugAdsAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerrold Nadler sponsored \"Say No to Drug Ads Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Say No to Drug Ads Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000002_SeniorCitizenshipAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerrold Nadler sponsored \"Senior Citizenship Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Senior Citizenship Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000002_KeepKidsSafeActof201","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerrold Nadler sponsored \"Keep Kids Safe Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Keep Kids Safe Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_N000002_AfricanBurialGroundI","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerrold Nadler sponsored \"African Burial Ground International Memorial Museum and Educ\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jerrold Nadler has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"African Burial Ground International Memorial Museum and Educational Center Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001137":[{"id":"P10_M001137_w6sy5s","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,274,666 / spent $1,809,499","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00377143","cmteName":"BUILD AMERICA PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":217369.8,"totalDisbursements":241463.8,"cashOnHand":29756.3},{"cmteId":"C00377143","cmteName":"BUILD AMERICA PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":145098.9,"totalDisbursements":156141.3,"cashOnHand":18713.84},{"cmteId":"C00377143","cmteName":"BUILD AMERICA PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":140805.1,"totalDisbursements":105256.2,"cashOnHand":54262.7},{"cmteId":"C00377143","cmteName":"BUILD AMERICA PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":122590.6,"totalDisbursements":126833.9,"cashOnHand":50019.41},{"cmteId":"C00377143","cmteName":"BUILD AMERICA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":150534.8,"totalDisbursements":154140.9,"cashOnHand":46413.38}],"totalRaised":2274665.5,"totalSpent":1809498.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_M001137_ltcfqd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $155,152 in itemized individual contributions, $122,700 (79%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":155152,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":0,"$500-$999":2250,"$1000-$1999":30202,"$2000 and over":122700},"megaShare":79.1,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P25_M001137_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of PAC dollars ($683,769) come from Party industry","explanation":"Gregory Meeks receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":683769.23,"share":69.3,"totalPAC":987369.23,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":683769.23,"share":69.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":80000,"share":8.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":35000,"share":3.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":29000,"share":2.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001137","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $196,300","explanation":"Gregory Meeks received campaign contributions totaling $196,300 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 32 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($13,300); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000); AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL ($10,000); TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION ($10,000); GENERAL ATOMICS ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":196300,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":13300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC. PAC","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INVESTMENT COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"TRUIST FINANCIAL CORPORATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL ATOMICS PAC","ldaClient":"GENERAL ATOMICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P109_M001137","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregory Meeks named on 2 Joint Fundraising Committees ($3.9M total receipts) — top: MEEKS VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Gregory Meeks appears as a candidate beneficiary on 2 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committees, with combined receipts of $3.9M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MEEKS VICTORY FUND (C00706341, $2.1M receipts, treasurer SIMMONS, PATSY). Active years: 3, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":2,"totalReceiptsM":3.88,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00706341","name":"MEEKS VICTORY FUND","receipts":2097598.55,"treasurer":"SIMMONS, PATSY","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706341/"},{"committeeId":"C00833319","name":"MEEKS VICTORY FUND 2024","receipts":1785504.5699999998,"treasurer":"SIMMONS, PATSY A.","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833319/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706341/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00706341/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_M001137","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gregory Meeks ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.1M across 30 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Gregory Meeks's FEC-bulk record shows $20.1M in lifetime PAC contributions across 30 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $36.0M (PAC: $20.1M, individual: $10.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.99,"lifetimeIndividualM":10.75,"cycleCount":30,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8NY06048"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY06048/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_M001137","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gregory Meeks draws 56% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($20.1M PAC / $36.0M total)","explanation":"Gregory Meeks's FEC-bulk record shows 56% of lifetime campaign receipts ($20.1M of $36.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":20.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.99,"pacSharePct":55.9,"cycleCount":30,"fecId":"H8NY06048"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY06048/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_M001137","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gregory Meeks ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,823 cosponsored, 240 sponsored","explanation":"Gregory Meeks's congress.gov record shows 5,823 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5823,"sponsoredCount":240,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/gregory-w.-meeks/M001137","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"C001118":[{"id":"P10_C001118_z3l0u5","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $6,123,822 / spent $6,042,142","explanation":"This member sponsors 9 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00326439","cmteName":"HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND","year":"2010","totalReceipts":1559104.9,"totalDisbursements":1594810.4,"cashOnHand":10132.79},{"cmteId":"C00326439","cmteName":"HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND","year":"2012","totalReceipts":1593404.2,"totalDisbursements":1518875.5,"cashOnHand":84661.51},{"cmteId":"C00326439","cmteName":"HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND","year":"2014","totalReceipts":821402.3,"totalDisbursements":812292.2,"cashOnHand":93771.65},{"cmteId":"C00326439","cmteName":"HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND","year":"2016","totalReceipts":608217.8,"totalDisbursements":649911.3,"cashOnHand":52078.18},{"cmteId":"C00326439","cmteName":"HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND","year":"2018","totalReceipts":465681.6,"totalDisbursements":408855.2,"cashOnHand":108904.66}],"totalRaised":6123821.799999999,"totalSpent":6042141.699999999}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_C001118_qj2ffc","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ben Cline campaign paid $495,849 to 50 surname-matched vendors, top: KEVIN CLINE LAW PLLC","explanation":"Ben Cline's campaign paid 128 disbursements totaling $495,849 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KEVIN CLINE LAW PLLC","total":113888.03,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"KEVIN CLINE LAW PLLC","amount":13582.76,"date":"2021-12-08","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cline","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KEVIN CLINE LAW PLLC","amount":10851,"date":"2023-02-09","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"cline","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KEVIN CLINE LAW PLLC","amount":7277.01,"date":"2022-03-09","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"cline","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLINE, CHRISTOPHER","total":55000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CLINE, CHRISTOPHER","amount":55000,"date":"2012-10-17","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"cline","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE & BARREL","total":46102.03999999999,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":24774.36,"date":"2023-02-13","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":4279.22,"date":"2025-03-11","description":"FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CRATE & BARREL","amount":4160.53,"date":"2017-10-04","description":"HQ ACCOUNT-FURNITURE PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CRATE, BRAD","total":35500,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":7500,"date":"2007-03-23","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":5000,"date":"2007-02-14","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"CRATE, BRAD","amount":3000,"date":"2008-09-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"crate","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MCMENAMIN, ALEXA","total":22684.959999999995,"count":21,"samples":[{"payee":"MCMENAMIN, ALEXA","amount":1824.81,"date":"2018-09-14","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcmenamin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MCMENAMIN, ALEXA","amount":1593.93,"date":"2018-11-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcmenamin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MCMENAMIN, ALEXA","amount":1593.93,"date":"2018-10-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"mcmenamin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CUNNINGHAM, HARRIS & CLINE","total":21565.17,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"CUNNINGHAM, HARRIS & CLINE","amount":8565.17,"date":"2004-05-01","description":"FUND-RAISING CONSULTING APRIL/MAY","surnameMatched":"cline","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"CUNNINGHAM, HARRIS & CLINE","amount":6500,"date":"2004-06-01","description":"FUND-RAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cline","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"CUNNINGHAM, HARRIS & CLINE","amount":6500,"date":"2004-07-01","description":"FUND-RAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cline","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KEVIN%20CLINE%20LAW%20PLLC"]},{"id":"P61_C001118","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $77,029","explanation":"Ben Cline received campaign contributions totaling $77,029 from 10 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($15,429); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($10,000); NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); ST THOMAS - ST JOHN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":10,"totalDollars":77029,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":15429,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCBA-PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THOMAS, JOHN MR.","ldaClient":"ST THOMAS - ST JOHN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE","donorTotal":6600,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_C001118","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ben Cline's campaign paid $178,211 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: KEVIN CLINE LAW PLLC ($113,888)","explanation":"Ben Cline's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 24 payments totaling $178,211 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KEVIN CLINE LAW PLLC ($113,888 across 15 payments, services: LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES · LEGAL FEES). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":178210.87000000002,"paymentCount":24,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KEVIN CLINE LAW PLLC","total":113888.03,"count":15,"descriptions":["LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","LEGAL FEES"]},{"payee":"CUNNINGHAM, HARRIS & CLINE","total":21565.17,"count":3,"descriptions":["FUND-RAISING CONSULTING APRIL/MAY","FUND-RAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"CUNNINGHAM HARRIS & CLINE, CONSULTANTS","total":13000,"count":2,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTANTS","FUNDRAISING CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"CLINE, DALE K","total":10617.4,"count":1,"descriptions":["TRAVEL FOR SPEAKER FOR NCGOP FUND. EVENT"]},{"payee":"CLINE, CLIFFORD","total":6737.35,"count":1,"descriptions":["DISGORGED CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"cline"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8VA06104&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_C001118","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ben Cline draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.9M PAC / $9.9M total)","explanation":"Ben Cline's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.9M of $9.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.91,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.9,"pacSharePct":39.6,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8VA06104"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8VA06104/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P151_C001118","pattern_type":"P151_LEADERSHIP_PAC_HEAVY_RECEIPTS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Cline operates leadership PACs with $6.1M lifetime receipts (9 cycles) — top: HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND","explanation":"Ben Cline operates 2 FEC-registered leadership PACs with combined lifetime receipts of $6.1M and disbursements of $6.0M across 9 cycles. Leadership PACs are committees separate from a member's primary campaign committee — they accept donations from individuals, corporate PACs, and lobbyists at higher aggregate limits and primarily disburse to OTHER candidates' committees, party committees, or advocacy spending. Heavy leadership-PAC activity signals influence-network operation: the member is collecting influence-money and redistributing it across the chamber, accumulating \"favor\" leverage with recipient colleagues. Lead PAC: HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND (C00326439). Top decile threshold: $5.0M.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_heavy","lifetimeReceiptsM":6.12,"lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.04,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00326439","cmteName":"HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND"},{"cmteId":"C00798025","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE LEADERSHIP IN ELECTIONS PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00326439/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committees/?committee_type=O","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P152_C001118","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Cline operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($6.1M combined receipts)","explanation":"Ben Cline operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $6.1M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND (C00326439) · CONSERVATIVE LEADERSHIP IN ELECTIONS PAC (C00798025).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.12,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00326439","cmteName":"HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND"},{"cmteId":"C00798025","cmteName":"CONSERVATIVE LEADERSHIP IN ELECTIONS PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00326439/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00798025/"]},{"id":"P153_C001118","pattern_type":"P153_LEADERSHIP_PAC_DISBURSEMENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Cline's leadership PACs disbursed $6.0M lifetime — chamber-wide favor-trading network","explanation":"Ben Cline's leadership PACs disbursed $6.0M across 9 cycles — top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $5.0M). While receipts measure \"money coming in,\" disbursements measure \"money going out\" — to other candidates, party committees, advocacy organizations, and operating costs. Heavy disbursement-side activity is the most direct evidence of the leadership PAC functioning as an influence-redistribution vehicle: this is the senator's chamber-wide favor-trading network in dollar form. Cross-reference the PAC's individual recipient committees (FEC Schedule B) to map which colleagues are most indebted to this senator's redistribution. Lead PAC: HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND (C00326439).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_disbursement_heavy","lifetimeDisbursementsM":6.04,"yearsCovered":9,"distinctPACs":2,"p90ThresholdM":5,"topPAC":{"cmteId":"C00326439","cmteName":"HOUSE CONSERVATIVES FUND"}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00326439/","https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/leadership-pacs"]},{"id":"P195_C001118","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Cline — DW-NOMINATE 0.72 vs VA delegation mean 0.12 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Ben Cline's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.72) is 1.6 standard deviations from the VA delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"VA","memberScore":0.716,"delegationMean":0.12260416666666664,"zscore":"1.60"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"D000197":[{"id":"P10_D000197_ireynf","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $528,966 / spent $519,752","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00380675","cmteName":"INDIVIDUALS DEDICATED TO ETHICS AND SCIENCE PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":66282.3,"totalDisbursements":57749.9,"cashOnHand":11133.62},{"cmteId":"C00380675","cmteName":"INDIVIDUALS DEDICATED TO ETHICS AND SCIENCE PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":57216.8,"totalDisbursements":61258.1,"cashOnHand":7092.31},{"cmteId":"C00380675","cmteName":"INDIVIDUALS DEDICATED TO ETHICS AND SCIENCE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":43531.2,"totalDisbursements":47876,"cashOnHand":2747.54},{"cmteId":"C00380675","cmteName":"INDIVIDUALS DEDICATED TO ETHICS AND SCIENCE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":86629.7,"totalDisbursements":72906.3,"cashOnHand":24799.39},{"cmteId":"C00380675","cmteName":"INDIVIDUALS DEDICATED TO ETHICS AND SCIENCE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":64102.4,"totalDisbursements":79730.3,"cashOnHand":9171.46}],"totalRaised":528965.5,"totalSpent":519752.39999999997}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_D000197_lb93r0","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"87% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $272,300 in itemized individual contributions, $238,000 (87%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":272300,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":9350,"$500-$999":11750,"$1000-$1999":13200,"$2000 and over":238000},"megaShare":87.4,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_D000197_7v5j76","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Diana DeGette campaign paid $10,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor, top: DEGETTE, DIANA L","explanation":"Diana DeGette's campaign paid 2 disbursements totaling $10,000 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DEGETTE, DIANA L","total":10000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"DEGETTE, DIANA L","amount":5000,"date":"2015-11-05","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"degette","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DEGETTE, DIANA L","amount":5000,"date":"2004-10-18","description":"POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"degette","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DEGETTE"]},{"id":"P61_D000197","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $117,000","explanation":"Diana DeGette received campaign contributions totaling $117,000 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($10,000); ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS ($10,000); LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS ($9,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":117000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS PAC","ldaClient":"ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORATORY CORP OF AMERICA HOLDINGS PAC","ldaClient":"LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_D000197","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Diana DeGette draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.6M PAC / $30.2M total)","explanation":"Diana DeGette's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.6M of $30.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.55,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.22,"pacSharePct":54.8,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H6CO01141"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CO01141/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_D000197","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Diana DeGette's PAC funding concentrates 53% in Technology ($0.07M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Diana DeGette's PAC donors concentrate 53% in the Technology industry — $0.07M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.07M · Healthcare $0.02M · Pharma $0.02M · Real Estate $0.01M · Legal $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.07,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":53.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.07,"Healthcare":0.02,"Pharma":0.02,"Real Estate":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CO01141/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P182_D000197_PreventingDiabetesin","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Diana DeGette sponsored \"Preventing Diabetes in Medicare Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Diana DeGette has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Preventing Diabetes in Medicare Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000197_FracturingResponsibi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Diana DeGette sponsored \"Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act of \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Diana DeGette has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"J000289":[{"id":"P10_J000289_52n2rq","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $412,965 / spent $453,025","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00366781","cmteName":"BUCKEYE LIBERTY PAC","year":"2010","totalReceipts":79786.8,"totalDisbursements":97830.5,"cashOnHand":22015.66},{"cmteId":"C00366781","cmteName":"BUCKEYE LIBERTY PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":239318.7,"totalDisbursements":189795.9,"cashOnHand":71538.46},{"cmteId":"C00366781","cmteName":"BUCKEYE LIBERTY PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":80250,"totalDisbursements":127317.9,"cashOnHand":24470.6},{"cmteId":"C00366781","cmteName":"BUCKEYE LIBERTY PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":13609.7,"totalDisbursements":38080.3,"cashOnHand":0}],"totalRaised":412965.2,"totalSpent":453024.60000000003}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_J000289_h7wh5x","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Jordan campaign paid $2,972,401 to 28 surname-matched vendors, top: TIMMERMAN, JORDAN","explanation":"Jim Jordan's campaign paid 60 disbursements totaling $2,972,401 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TIMMERMAN, JORDAN","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TIMMERMAN, JORDAN","amount":1000000,"date":"2024-10-31","description":"SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","total":425000,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","amount":25000,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","amount":25000,"date":"2024-10-17","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","amount":25000,"date":"2020-08-20","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JORDAN, THOMAS JOHN","total":270986.6,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JORDAN, THOMAS JOHN","amount":270986.6,"date":"2013-06-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JORDAN, WAYNE","total":200000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JORDAN, WAYNE","amount":200000,"date":"2020-05-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"YOUNG, JORDAN","total":140000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"YOUNG, JORDAN","amount":100000,"date":"2018-11-02","description":"GOTV TEXTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"YOUNG, JORDAN","amount":40000,"date":"2018-11-06","description":"GOTV TEXTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BILL JORDAN FOR ATTY GENERAL","total":120000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"BILL JORDAN FOR ATTY GENERAL","amount":20000,"date":"1995-08-24","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"BILL JORDAN FOR ATTY GENERAL","amount":20000,"date":"1995-05-19","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"BILL JORDAN FOR ATTY GENERAL","amount":20000,"date":"1995-09-22","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TIMMERMAN"]},{"id":"P25_J000289_Leadership","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"54% of PAC dollars ($589,558) come from Leadership industry","explanation":"Jim Jordan receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Leadership issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Leadership","amount":589558.3800000001,"share":54,"totalPAC":1090940.58,"pacCount":29},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":589558.3800000001,"share":54},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":196246.24,"share":18},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":77766.78,"share":7.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":66522.22,"share":6.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_J000289_CHAIN_BRIDGE_BANK_N_A_","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. $14.9M — vendor also donated $15,052.88","explanation":"Jim Jordan's campaign committee paid $14,900,000 to CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A. across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $15,052.88 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 989.8× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK N.A.","total":14900000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20N.A."},{"source":"donor","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK","total":15052.880000000001,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK%20N.A.","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"]},{"id":"P51_J000289_CHAIN_BRIDGE_BANK","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Campaign paid CHAIN BRIDGE BANK $11.3M — vendor also donated $15,052.88","explanation":"Jim Jordan's campaign committee paid $11,250,000 to CHAIN BRIDGE BANK across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $15,052.88 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 747.4× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK","total":11250000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"},{"source":"donor","name":"CHAIN BRIDGE BANK","total":15052.880000000001,"count":2,"type":"ORGANIZATION","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=CHAIN%20BRIDGE%20BANK"]},{"id":"P61_J000289","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $50,000","explanation":"Jim Jordan received campaign contributions totaling $50,000 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EA ($10,000); NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION INC. ($5,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($5,000); CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERIC ($5,000); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":50000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ABC PAC)","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS (ABC) FLORIDA EAST COAST","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION, INC. PAC (NSSF PAC)","ldaClient":"NATIONAL SHOOTING SPORTS FOUNDATION INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL CONFECTIONERS ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC OF CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC.","ldaClient":"CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. DBA AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BUILD POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_J000289","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Jordan's campaign paid $2,312,582 to 21 surname-matched vendors — top: TIMMERMAN, JORDAN ($1,000,000)","explanation":"Jim Jordan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 50 payments totaling $2,312,582 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TIMMERMAN, JORDAN ($1,000,000 across 1 payments, services: SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":2312582.2499999995,"paymentCount":50,"payeeCount":21,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TIMMERMAN, JORDAN","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","total":425000,"count":20,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION","NON FEDERAL DISB - CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"YOUNG, JORDAN","total":140000,"count":2,"descriptions":["GOTV TEXTING SERVICES"]},{"payee":"BRYCE JORDAN CENTER","total":118244.13,"count":2,"descriptions":["EVENT EXPENSE: FACILITY RENTAL"]},{"payee":"BRYCE JORDAN CENTER ATTN: BOB HOWARD","total":97691.68,"count":1,"descriptions":["EVENT SITE RENTAL"]}],"surname":"jordan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6OH04082&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_J000289","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Jordan named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($4.2M total receipts) — top: TEAM JORDAN","explanation":"Jim Jordan appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $4.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM JORDAN (C00857615, $4.2M receipts, treasurer DATWYLER, THOMAS). Active years: 2, first seen 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":4.17,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00857615","name":"TEAM JORDAN","receipts":4172010.02,"treasurer":"DATWYLER, THOMAS","activeYears":2,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00857615/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00857615/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00857615/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P137_J000289","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Jordan ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $114M across 22 cycles","explanation":"Jim Jordan's FEC-bulk record shows $114.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":114.4,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H6OH04082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OH04082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_J000289","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Jordan's PAC funding concentrates 40% in Technology ($0.08M / $0.19M classified)","explanation":"Jim Jordan's PAC donors concentrate 40% in the Technology industry — $0.08M of $0.19M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.08M · Labor $0.07M · Finance $0.03M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Telecom $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.08,"totalPacAmountM":0.19,"concentrationPct":40,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.08,"Labor":0.07,"Finance":0.03,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OH04082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_J000289","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Jordan — DW-NOMINATE 0.71 vs OH delegation mean 0.08 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Jim Jordan's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.71) is 1.6 standard deviations from the OH delegation mean (0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OH","memberScore":0.712,"delegationMean":0.08442465753424659,"zscore":"1.62"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P199_J000289","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Jordan — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($57.2M)","explanation":"Jim Jordan is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $57.2M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":57198956,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OH04082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000469":[{"id":"P10_T000469_fp6n1g","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $320,030 / spent $223,003","explanation":"This member sponsors 8 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00508010","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVES ADVANCING UNITED LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":61200,"totalDisbursements":55177.3,"cashOnHand":6022.72},{"cmteId":"C00508010","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVES ADVANCING UNITED LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":52230,"totalDisbursements":45046.1,"cashOnHand":13206.66},{"cmteId":"C00508010","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVES ADVANCING UNITED LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":34100,"totalDisbursements":27901.2,"cashOnHand":19405.51},{"cmteId":"C00508010","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVES ADVANCING UNITED LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":25500,"totalDisbursements":13378.6,"cashOnHand":31526.93},{"cmteId":"C00508010","cmteName":"PROGRESSIVES ADVANCING UNITED LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":53500,"totalDisbursements":12615.8,"cashOnHand":72411.15}],"totalRaised":320030,"totalSpent":223003.09999999998}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_T000469_flqjvl","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Paul Tonko campaign paid $3,007,253 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: TIMMERMAN, JORDAN","explanation":"Paul Tonko's campaign paid 63 disbursements totaling $3,007,253 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TIMMERMAN, JORDAN","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TIMMERMAN, JORDAN","amount":1000000,"date":"2024-10-31","description":"SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","total":425000,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","amount":25000,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","amount":25000,"date":"2024-10-17","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CITIZENS FOR JORDAN HARRIS","amount":25000,"date":"2020-08-20","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JORDAN, THOMAS JOHN","total":270986.6,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JORDAN, THOMAS JOHN","amount":270986.6,"date":"2013-06-27","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JORDAN, WAYNE","total":200000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JORDAN, WAYNE","amount":200000,"date":"2020-05-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"YOUNG, JORDAN","total":140000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"YOUNG, JORDAN","amount":100000,"date":"2018-11-02","description":"GOTV TEXTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"YOUNG, JORDAN","amount":40000,"date":"2018-11-06","description":"GOTV TEXTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BILL JORDAN FOR ATTY GENERAL","total":120000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"BILL JORDAN FOR ATTY GENERAL","amount":20000,"date":"1995-08-24","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"BILL JORDAN FOR ATTY GENERAL","amount":20000,"date":"1995-05-19","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996},{"payee":"BILL JORDAN FOR ATTY GENERAL","amount":20000,"date":"1995-09-22","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"jordan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":1996}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TIMMERMAN"]},{"id":"P47_T000469_Edison_Electric_Institute_118826","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edison Electric Institute testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Paul Tonko sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy, which on 2026-01-13 held a hearing titled \"“Protecting America’s Energy Infrastructure in Today’s Cyber and Physical Threat Landscape.”\". The witness Scott Aaronson (Edison Electric Institute) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy","eventId":"118826","title":"“Protecting America’s Energy Infrastructure in Today’s Cyber and Physical Threat Landscape.”","date":"2026-01-13T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Scott Aaronson","witnessOrg":"Edison Electric Institute","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118826"},{"source":"donor","name":"POWERPAC OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POWERPAC%20OF%20THE%20EDISON%20ELECTRIC%20INSTITUTE"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118826","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=POWERPAC%20OF%20THE%20EDISON%20ELECTRIC%20INSTITUTE"]},{"id":"P61_T000469","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $180,400","explanation":"Paul Tonko received campaign contributions totaling $180,400 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 21 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS ($42,900); NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF TRUCK STOP OPERATORS(NATSO ($10,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); NATIONAL THOROUGHBRED RACING ASSOCIATION ($10,000); GROWTH ENERGY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":180400,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS","donorTotal":42900,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATSO INC. NATSO PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF TRUCK STOP OPERATORS(NATSO)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS AFL-CIO COPE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL THOROUGHBRED RACING ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL THOROUGHBRED RACING ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GROWTH ENERGY PAC","ldaClient":"GROWTH ENERGY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_T000469","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Paul Tonko draws 60% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.1M PAC / $23.6M total)","explanation":"Paul Tonko's FEC-bulk record shows 60% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.1M of $23.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.06,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.58,"pacSharePct":59.6,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8NY21203"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY21203/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P158_T000469","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul Tonko ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,576 cosponsored, 217 sponsored","explanation":"Paul Tonko's congress.gov record shows 4,576 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4576,"sponsoredCount":217,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-tonko/T000469","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_T000469_FortMcClellanHealthR","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Paul Tonko sponsored \"Fort McClellan Health Registry Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Paul Tonko has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fort McClellan Health Registry Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"Q000023":[{"id":"P10_Q000023_p7pfc5","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $417,725 / spent $387,123","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00524256","cmteName":"PUCK PAC","year":"2012","totalReceipts":57275,"totalDisbursements":32442,"cashOnHand":24833.03},{"cmteId":"C00662056","cmteName":"BLUE LINE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":64700,"totalDisbursements":58609.2,"cashOnHand":6090.78},{"cmteId":"C00662056","cmteName":"BLUE LINE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":69000,"totalDisbursements":67265.7,"cashOnHand":7825.08},{"cmteId":"C00662056","cmteName":"BLUE LINE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":88250,"totalDisbursements":70942.4,"cashOnHand":25132.73},{"cmteId":"C00662056","cmteName":"BLUE LINE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":103500,"totalDisbursements":115045.1,"cashOnHand":13587.63}],"totalRaised":417725,"totalSpent":387122.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_Q000023_luhst6","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $132,800 in itemized individual contributions, $105,100 (79%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":132800,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":3600,"$500-$999":9100,"$1000-$1999":15000,"$2000 and over":105100},"megaShare":79.1,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_Q000023_iz3ene","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Quigley campaign paid $61,344 to 11 surname-matched vendors, top: WURST, AMANDA M","explanation":"Mike Quigley's campaign paid 45 disbursements totaling $61,344 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WURST, AMANDA M","total":26306.710000000006,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"WURST, AMANDA M","amount":1293.86,"date":"2006-10-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WURST, AMANDA M","amount":1293.86,"date":"2006-11-14","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WURST, AMANDA M","amount":1293.86,"date":"2006-10-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"QUIGLEY CAPITAL GROUP, INC","total":18597.48,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"QUIGLEY CAPITAL GROUP, INC","amount":10000,"date":"2016-10-31","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"quigley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"QUIGLEY CAPITAL GROUP, INC","amount":8597.48,"date":"2016-11-01","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"quigley","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WURST, AMANDA","total":6390.81,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"WURST, AMANDA","amount":2752.14,"date":"2006-04-30","description":"SEMI MONTHLY SALARY","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WURST, AMANDA","amount":1212.89,"date":"2006-04-15","description":"SEMI MONTHLY SALARY","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"WURST, AMANDA","amount":1212.89,"date":"2006-03-31","description":"SEMI MONTHLY SALARY","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WURST,  RACHEL","total":4200,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WURST,  RACHEL","amount":4200,"date":null,"description":"REFUND","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WURST UND BIER","total":2400,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WURST UND BIER","amount":2400,"date":"2012-11-15","description":"GOTV VOLUNTEERS EXPENSE - NOT CANDIDATE SPECIFIC","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WURST HAUS","total":1233.66,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WURST HAUS","amount":1233.66,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"FOOD/BEVERAGES","surnameMatched":"wurst","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WURST"]},{"id":"P61_Q000023","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $153,300","explanation":"Mike Quigley received campaign contributions totaling $153,300 from 27 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ($15,000); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($8,300); SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ($5,000); NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":27,"totalDollars":153300,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS (AFT), AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":8300,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. PAC","ldaClient":"SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_Q000023","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Quigley draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.1M PAC / $18.6M total)","explanation":"Mike Quigley's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.1M of $18.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.61,"pacSharePct":54.5,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H0IL05096"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IL05096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_Q000023","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Quigley's PAC funding concentrates 53% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Mike Quigley's PAC donors concentrate 53% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Finance $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":52.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Finance":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Education":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IL05096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P152_Q000023","pattern_type":"P152_LEADERSHIP_PAC_MULTIPLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Quigley operates 2 distinct leadership PACs ($0.4M combined receipts)","explanation":"Mike Quigley operates 2 distinct FEC-registered leadership PACs with $0.4M in combined lifetime receipts. Multiple leadership PACs are rare (most members have one or none) and signal sophisticated influence-network architecture: each PAC may target a different recipient cohort (industry-affiliated PAC vs ideological PAC vs state-delegation PAC), enabling segmented fundraising and differentiated political positioning. Each PAC has its own donor base, treasurer, and disbursement strategy. PACs operated: PUCK PAC (C00524256) · BLUE LINE PAC (C00662056).","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac_multiple","distinctPACs":2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":0.42,"pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00524256","cmteName":"PUCK PAC"},{"cmteId":"C00662056","cmteName":"BLUE LINE PAC"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00524256/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662056/"]}],"W000800":[{"id":"P10_W000800_nsp129","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $449,800 / spent $384,193","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00542621","cmteName":"MAPLE PAC","year":"2014","totalReceipts":104500,"totalDisbursements":85681,"cashOnHand":18819.01},{"cmteId":"C00542621","cmteName":"MAPLE PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":96500,"totalDisbursements":84739.4,"cashOnHand":30579.65},{"cmteId":"C00542621","cmteName":"MAPLE PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":75000,"totalDisbursements":85941.4,"cashOnHand":19638.25},{"cmteId":"C00542621","cmteName":"MAPLE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":51500,"totalDisbursements":48593,"cashOnHand":22545.24},{"cmteId":"C00542621","cmteName":"MAPLE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":122300,"totalDisbursements":79238.1,"cashOnHand":65607.1}],"totalRaised":449800,"totalSpent":384192.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_W000800_STT_2018-07-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought STT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-12 and 2018-07-19, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on STT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2018-07-12","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"STT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000609","name":"Gary Palmer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"W000800","name":"Peter Welch"}],"span":"2018-07-12 to 2018-07-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000800_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Welch executed 5 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2021-11-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2021-11-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DBX","date":"2020-11-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","date":"2020-04-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Wireline Competition Bureau Announces Best Practices for Equipment Disposal and Revises FCC Form 5640 Certifications for","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2021-10-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 610 in the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-10-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000800_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Welch executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2021-11-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-10,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Petition for Rulemaking-Railroad Consolidation Procedures-Exemption for Emergency Temporary Trackage Rights","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2021-12-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000800_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Welch executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2021-11-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2021-11-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2020-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"User Fee for Estate Tax Closing Letter; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2021-10-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Adoption of Updated EDGAR Filer Manual, Form ID Amendments","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2021-10-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_W000800_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Welch executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2021-09-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FSLR","date":"2020-04-30","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Local Regulation; Low Country Splash Open Water Swim, Charleston, SC","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2021-08-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Notification of Guarantee Loan Payment Deferrals for Business and Industry Loan Guarantees, Rural Energy for America Pro","agency":"Agriculture Department, Rural Utilities Service, Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative Service","date":"2020-03-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_W000800_k4dqjk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Welch campaign paid $14,855,269 to 75 surname-matched vendors, top: SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","explanation":"Peter Welch's campaign paid 260 disbursements totaling $14,855,269 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","total":3963518.06,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":2447783.22,"date":"2025-12-23","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":657439.78,"date":"2025-06-10","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP","amount":608295.06,"date":"2025-09-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","total":2610037.5500000007,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":278096.08,"date":"2025-06-30","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":267912.93,"date":"2025-12-29","description":"JFC DISTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ALASKANS FOR DAN SULLIVAN","amount":187000,"date":"2025-12-23","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WELCH FOR VERMONT","total":2307324.24,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"WELCH FOR VERMONT","amount":2009628.57,"date":"2021-12-28","description":"UNLIMITED FUNDS TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"welch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WELCH FOR VERMONT","amount":100000,"date":"2021-12-28","description":"TRANFER UNLIMITED FUNDS","surnameMatched":"welch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WELCH FOR VERMONT","amount":80900,"date":"2022-05-09","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"welch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","total":1091907.5,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":202498.53,"date":"2019-05-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING & TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":140460,"date":"2020-03-25","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"SULLIVAN ALVARADO, LLC","amount":109898.27,"date":"2019-07-18","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","total":856990.74,"count":10,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":158499.1,"date":"2013-12-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC INCOME","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":148116.18,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"TRANSFER TO AFFILIATED COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"SULLIVAN FOR US SENATE","amount":123118.95,"date":"2014-09-30","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","total":658245.26,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":203245.26,"date":"2016-08-05","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":60000,"date":"2016-01-13","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SULLIVAN & ASSOCIATES","amount":60000,"date":"2015-12-23","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"sullivan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SULLIVAN%20%26%20CROMWELL%20LLP"]},{"id":"P43_W000800_SPSC_20200519","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SPSC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Welch sell $SPSC 1 day before a corporate insider (SORAN PHILIP  (CIK 0001233126)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPSC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPSC","filer":"SORAN PHILIP  (CIK 0001233126)","filingDate":"2020-05-20","adsh":"0001209191-20-030918"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000800_CHD_20200228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Welch buy $CHD 3 days before a corporate insider (Bomhard Britta  (CIK 0001661832)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHD","filer":"Bomhard Britta  (CIK 0001661832)","filingDate":"2020-03-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-008462"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000800_MDT_20200403","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Welch sell $MDT 4 days before a corporate insider (OLEARY DENISE M  (CIK 0001145159)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDT","filer":"OLEARY DENISE M  (CIK 0001145159)","filingDate":"2020-04-07","adsh":"0001127602-20-013435"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000800_A_20211118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $A 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Welch sell $A 5 days before a corporate insider (Zatlyn Michelle  (CIK 0001786951)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"A","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"A","filer":"Zatlyn Michelle  (CIK 0001786951)","filingDate":"2021-11-23","adsh":"0000899243-21-045917"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000800_SCHW_20200409","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SCHW 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Welch sell $SCHW 6 days before a corporate insider (SCHWAB CHARLES R  (CIK 0000923738)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"SCHWAB CHARLES R  (CIK 0000923738)","filingDate":"2020-04-15","adsh":"0001225208-20-006471"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_W000800_PANW_20200427","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PANW 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Welch sell $PANW 7 days before a corporate insider (Arora Nikesh  (CIK 0001468233)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PANW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PANW","filer":"Arora Nikesh  (CIK 0001468233)","filingDate":"2020-05-04","adsh":"0001209191-20-026782"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P53_W000800_IWM","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 trades in $IWM — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"Peter Welch disclosed an asset position in $IWM on their 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 5 reported trades in $IWM per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IWM","assetName":"IWM - iShares Russell 2000 ETF Filer comment: Sold for a loss in 2025","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2026","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IWM","tradeCount":5,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-27"},{"action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-09-11"},{"action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-12"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P63_W000800","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Discloses holdings in 118 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Peter Welch's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 118 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2026). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): FDRXX, FDGRX, EWT, CWB, VYM, TLT, IWM, SPXU, SPAXX, FTEXX, VTI, FCNTX, FIUIX, FCVSX, FBALX, … (103 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":118,"mostRecentFilingYear":2026,"sampleTickers":["FDRXX","FDGRX","EWT","CWB","VYM","TLT","IWM","SPXU","SPAXX","FTEXX","VTI","FCNTX","FIUIX","FCVSX","FBALX","FBGRX","FBSOX","VGPMX","VTSAX","RPV","XSVM","EWZ","EWW","IWN","XLB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P71_W000800","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$175,036.92 in outside earned income — top source: Fidelity Investments Albuquerque, NM ($$139,071.06)","explanation":"Peter Welch's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $175,036.92 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Fidelity Investments Albuquerque, NM ($139,071.06, Other (Required Minimum Distribution)); TIAA Charlotte, NC ($25,801.40, Other (Annuity Distribution)); Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Westlake, TX ($10,164.46, Other (Required Minimum Distribution)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":175036.91999999998,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Required Minimum Distribution)","source":"Fidelity Investments Albuquerque, NM","amount":"$139,071.06","amountNumeric":139071.06},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Annuity Distribution)","source":"TIAA Charlotte, NC","amount":"$25,801.40","amountNumeric":25801.4},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Required Minimum Distribution)","source":"Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Westlake, TX","amount":"$10,164.46","amountNumeric":10164.46}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_W000800_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 15 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including FXAIX, CUSUX, SPY, CIUEX, BBEU, JITZX","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 15 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FXAIX, CUSUX, SPY, CIUEX, BBEU, JITZX, CBTAX, CRDOX, IWM, IBDU, SPLG, SPEM.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":15,"newTickers":["FXAIX","CUSUX","SPY","CIUEX","BBEU","JITZX","CBTAX","CRDOX","IWM","IBDU","SPLG","SPEM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9a68d3f-8e5f-4005-ace8-cb8025d3c467/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9a68d3f-8e5f-4005-ace8-cb8025d3c467/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_W000800","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 6 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: Taiwan, Brazil, Mexico, India, Japan","explanation":"Peter Welch's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 6 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 5 countries — Taiwan, Brazil, Mexico, India, Japan. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Taiwan → EWT - iShares Inc iShares MSCI Taiwan ETF (None (or less than $1,001)); Brazil → EWZ - iShares Inc iShares MSCI Brazil ETF ($100,001 - $250,000); Mexico → EWW - iShares Inc iShares MSCI Mexico ETF ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2026","totalAssets":6,"countries":["Taiwan","Brazil","Mexico","India","Japan"],"byCountry":{"Taiwan":[{"assetName":"EWT - iShares Inc iShares MSCI Taiwan ETF","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"assetName":"EWT - iShares Inc iShares MSCI Taiwan ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"Brazil":[{"assetName":"EWZ - iShares Inc iShares MSCI Brazil ETF","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"Mexico":[{"assetName":"EWW - iShares Inc iShares MSCI Mexico ETF","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"India":[{"assetName":"INDA - Ishares MSCI India ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"Japan":[{"assetName":"BBJP - JPMorgan BetaBuilders Japan ETF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_W000800","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 18 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Peter Welch appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 18 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (6); reg rule trade proximity (4); leadership pac flow (1); coordinated trade cluster (1); family vendor (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":18,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":4},{"type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","count":1},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":1},{"type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","count":1},{"type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","count":1},{"type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","count":1},{"type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","count":1},{"type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/W000800","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P79_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Divested 42 ticker holdings between 2025 and 2026 — including ABHIX, TWIEX, REACX, FAGIX, EEMA, VGK","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 42 ticker holdings present in the 2025 filing but absent in 2026. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: ABHIX, TWIEX, REACX, FAGIX, EEMA, VGK, EEM, MORT, OPGIX, ANGL, QQQ, RCD.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2025,2026],"count":42,"divestedTickers":["ABHIX","TWIEX","REACX","FAGIX","EEMA","VGK","EEM","MORT","OPGIX","ANGL","QQQ","RCD"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter Welch discloses 2 speculative derivatives — SPXU - ProShares UltraPro Short S&P500 Filer comment: Sold for a loss in 2025","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 2 qualifying instruments: 2 speculative + 0 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: SPXU - ProShares UltraPro Short S&P500 Filer comment: Sold f · ProShares TR UltraPro Short S&P 500.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2026","speculativeCount":2,"compensationCount":0,"speculative":[{"asset":"SPXU - ProShares UltraPro Short S&P500 Filer comment: Sold for a loss in 2025","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"ProShares TR UltraPro Short S&P 500","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"compensation":[],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_W000800_2025","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Welch filed 4 amendments to the 2025 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Peter Welch's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2025 report alone, with 5 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2025,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report for CY 2024 (Amendment 1)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9a68d3f-8e5f-4005-ace8-cb8025d3c467/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6daab1e2-4a89-4b6b-8ea8-4a810031330b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b94ca749-99c1-4f56-b19f-3e6d9ef364d0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/ed06f34b-1c67-4b53-b6d8-d10e0157b3b4/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9a68d3f-8e5f-4005-ace8-cb8025d3c467/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6daab1e2-4a89-4b6b-8ea8-4a810031330b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Welch discloses 16 opaque-value holdings on the 2026 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 16 unascertainable, 11% of 140 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual disclosure has 16 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 16 unascertainable) across 140 total reported assets — 11% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Fidelity Brokerage #1 (--) · Fidelity Brokerage #2 (--) · Fidelity Traditional IRA (--) · Spinnaker Trust - Brokerage (--) · Charles Schwab - Brokerage (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2026","opaqueCount":16,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":16,"totalAssets":140,"opaqueRatio":0.114,"samples":[{"asset":"Fidelity Brokerage #1","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Brokerage #2","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Traditional IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Spinnaker Trust - Brokerage","value":"--"},{"asset":"Charles Schwab - Brokerage","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch discloses 5 real estate holdings on 2026 Senate PFD","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 5 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: XLRE - Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund (The) · VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF · First American Government Obligations Fund (Portland, ME) Ty · TIAA-CREF Real Estate Securities Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2026","propertyCount":5,"properties":[{"name":"XLRE - Real Estate Select Sector SPDR Fund (The)","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"VNQ - Vanguard Real Estate ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"First American Government Obligations Fund (Portland, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"TIAA-CREF Real Estate Securities Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"TIAA Real Estate","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Welch's 2026 PFD: 52 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (37% of 141 reported assets)","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 52 reported holdings owned by Spouse (52), Joint (0), or Dependent (0) — 37% of 141 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Spouse: Spinnaker Trust - Brokerage · Spouse: First American Government Obligations Fund (Portland, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep  · Spouse: SUSA - iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF · Spouse: SPSM - SPDR Portfolio S&P 600 Small Cap ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2026","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":52,"Joint":0,"Dependent":0,"Self":88},"totalAssets":141,"familyShare":0.369,"samples":[{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Spinnaker Trust - Brokerage","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"First American Government Obligations Fund (Portland, ME) Type: Brokerage Sweep ","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"SUSA - iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"SPSM - SPDR Portfolio S&P 600 Small Cap ETF","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"XLV - SPDR Select Sector Fund - Health Care","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_W000800","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Welch's campaign paid $1,730,485 to 27 surname-matched vendors — top: PEOPLE FOR EMANUEL 'CHRIS' WELCH ($320,000)","explanation":"Peter Welch's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 76 payments totaling $1,730,485 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: PEOPLE FOR EMANUEL 'CHRIS' WELCH ($320,000 across 4 payments, services: NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":1730485.22,"paymentCount":76,"payeeCount":27,"topPayees":[{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR EMANUEL 'CHRIS' WELCH","total":320000,"count":4,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"DAVID WELCH & ASSOCIATES","total":291018.7,"count":13,"descriptions":["EXEMPT- MASS MAILING","EXEMPT FEA- MASS MAILING","EXEMPT FEA -MASS MAILING"]},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR EMANUAL CHRIS WELCH","total":249900,"count":4,"descriptions":["EMANUEL WELCH, STATE HOUSE 7TH IL"]},{"payee":"WELCH FOR VERMONT","total":157800,"count":3,"descriptions":["TRANFER UNLIMITED FUNDS","CONTRIBUTION","EARMARK CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"THE PEOPLE FOR EMANUEL CHRIS WELCH","total":152000,"count":6,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION","NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"welch"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6VT00160&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_W000800","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter Welch filed 3 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 90 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. Peter Welch has filed 3 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 90 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025) · 2025 (90d late, filed 08/13/2025).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":3,"maxDaysLate":90,"samples":[{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9a68d3f-8e5f-4005-ace8-cb8025d3c467/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2022 (Amendment 2)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6daab1e2-4a89-4b6b-8ea8-4a810031330b/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2023 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2025,"filingDate":"08/13/2025","daysLate":90,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b94ca749-99c1-4f56-b19f-3e6d9ef364d0/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2024 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e9a68d3f-8e5f-4005-ace8-cb8025d3c467/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6daab1e2-4a89-4b6b-8ea8-4a810031330b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b94ca749-99c1-4f56-b19f-3e6d9ef364d0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2026 PFD — IAU - ishares Gold Trust","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: IAU - ishares Gold Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2026","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"IAU - ishares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P118_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch holds 1 insurance ticker on 2026 PFD — ARCC","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: ARCC ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ARCC","asset":"ARCC - Ares Capital Corporation - Closed End Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P131_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch's 2026 PFD lists 76 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 76 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): FDRXX, FDGRX, EWT, CWB, VYM, TLT, IWM, SPXU, SPAXX, FTEXX.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2026","tickerCount":76,"sampleTickers":["FDRXX","FDGRX","EWT","CWB","VYM","TLT","IWM","SPXU","SPAXX","FTEXX","VTI","FCNTX","FIUIX","FCVSX","FBALX","FBGRX","FBSOX","VGPMX","VTSAX","RPV","XSVM","EWZ","EWW","IWN","XLB","XLV","XLI","XLU","VIG","VIOV"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_W000800","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch's earliest disclosed PFD (2023) shows $8.2M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Peter Welch's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2023) shows total assets of $8.2M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 142; earned-income on first filing: $160,350.85.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2023","totalAssetMid":8159675,"assetCount":142,"earnedIncome":160350.84999999998,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4f9191b9-748f-4e50-bde2-6113be90f16f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4f9191b9-748f-4e50-bde2-6113be90f16f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_W000800","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Welch draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.4M PAC / $18.4M total)","explanation":"Peter Welch's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.4M of $18.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.36,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.37,"pacSharePct":51,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H6VT00160"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6VT00160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_W000800","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Welch executed 9 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL MDT (25d apart)","explanation":"Peter Welch has 9 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL MDT 2020-03-09 → 2020-04-03 (25d) · BUY→SELL QGEN 2020-02-27 → 2020-03-24 (26d) · BUY→SELL ED 2020-03-02 → 2020-03-13 (11d) · BUY→SELL FTDR 2020-02-19 → 2020-03-16 (26d) · BUY→SELL RGNX 2019-10-22 → 2019-11-08 (17d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":9,"samples":[{"ticker":"MDT","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-09","date2":"2020-04-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"QGEN","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-27","date2":"2020-03-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ED","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-02","date2":"2020-03-13","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"FTDR","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-19","date2":"2020-03-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RGNX","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-10-22","date2":"2019-11-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IWM","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-08-01","date2":"2019-08-12","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IWM","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-08-12","date2":"2019-09-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IWM","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-09-11","date2":"2019-09-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P145_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P145_PFD_CASH_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch discloses 1 cash / money-market position ≥$1M each on 2026 PFD — top: FDRXX - Fidelity Government","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 cash, checking, savings, money-market, or CD position valued at ≥$1,000,001 each. Heavy cash holdings indicate a liquidity-defensive portfolio posture — ready capital for opportunistic deployment, downside protection during market stress, or settlement of pending estate / trust transitions. Senators sitting on Senate Banking committees voting on FDIC insurance limits, money-market regulation (post-2014 reforms allowed in-kind redemptions and gates), or interest-rate policy hold portfolios that move directly with their decisions. Cash holdings at this scale also raise opportunity-cost questions: $1M-$5M sitting in money-market funds at ~5% yields meaningful annual interest, but the same capital could deploy into individual stock picks if the senator chose to. Holdings: FDRXX - Fidelity Government Cash Reserves (Jersey City, NJ) Type: Money Market Account ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_cash_heavy","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"FDRXX - Fidelity Government Cash Reserves (Jersey City, NJ) Type: Money Market Account","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fdic.gov/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P149_W000800","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Peter Welch accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 26 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":26}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P157_W000800","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 676 sponsored, 5,383 cosponsored","explanation":"Peter Welch's congress.gov record shows 676 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":676,"cosponsoredCount":5383,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-welch/W000800","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P158_W000800","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter Welch ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,383 cosponsored, 676 sponsored","explanation":"Peter Welch's congress.gov record shows 5,383 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5383,"sponsoredCount":676,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-welch/W000800","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P160_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch's 2026 PFD shows 7 broad-market index funds (9% of 76 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 of 76 ticker holdings (9%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: VTI, VTSAX, SPLG, VEU, VXUS, SPY, VTEB.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2026","broadCount":7,"totalTickers":76,"ratio":0.09,"broadTickers":["VTI","VTSAX","SPLG","VEU","VXUS","SPY","VTEB"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 140 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 140 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":140,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P164_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P164_PFD_INHERITED_WEALTH_INDICATOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch's 2026 PFD shows 1 inherited-wealth indicator — top: Charles Schwab - Inherited IRA","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 holding explicitly described as inherited (Inherited IRA, Estate of, Beneficiary of, Legacy fund, Bequest). Inherited assets are functionally distinct from earned wealth: they were transferred at death and typically come with stepped-up basis (IRC Section 1014), generation-skipping considerations, and minimum-distribution rules (post-SECURE Act 10-year payout for non-spouse beneficiaries). Heavy inherited-wealth holdings indicate intergenerational wealth transmission — relevant context for the senator's votes on estate tax, stepped-up basis preservation, SECURE Act amendments, and trust-and-estate tax policy. Inherited holdings: Charles Schwab - Inherited IRA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_inherited_wealth","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"name":"Charles Schwab - Inherited IRA","type":"Retirement Plans IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-required-minimum-distributions"]},{"id":"P170_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch's 2026 PFD lists 2 new earned-income sources not in prior year — top: State of Vermont, Public (Salary)","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 2 payers not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Salary from State of Vermont, Public (> $1,000) · Spouse: Other (Required Minimum Distribution) from Fidelity Investements Albuquerque, NM (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":2,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"State of Vermont, Public Utility Commission Montpelier, VT","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Other (Required Minimum Distribution)","payer":"Fidelity Investements Albuquerque, NM","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/674866ed-cc5a-4165-8c6f-3fa5a519b201/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/674866ed-cc5a-4165-8c6f-3fa5a519b201/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_VT_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"VT delegation: Peter Welch & Bernard “Bernie” Sanders both flagged on 7 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from VT — Peter Welch and Bernard “Bernie” Sanders — are flagged on the same 7 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P10, P19, P71, P82, P87, P90, P93.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"VT","juniorSenatorBid":"S000033","juniorSenatorName":"Bernard “Bernie” Sanders","sharedDetectorCount":7,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P10","P19","P71","P82","P87","P90","P93"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000800","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000033"]},{"id":"P178_W000800_2021-11-18","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch — 12 trades on 2021-11-18","explanation":"Peter Welch disclosed 12 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-11-18). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-11-18","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_W000800","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter Welch — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (102/102)","explanation":"Peter Welch's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":102,"atBracket":102,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_W000800","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch — 52 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Peter Welch has traded 52 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":52,"sample":["IBM","UNP","GE","UN","CSCO","CERN","CHD","VAIAF","MITK","TNC"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_W000800_MedicarePrescription","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter Welch sponsored \"Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter Welch has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_W000800_2026","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Welch — 99 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Peter Welch's 2026 Senate PFD shows 99 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2026","tickerPositions":99,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b99ebb2-80fa-402a-b4cf-db7ec88b333b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001291":[{"id":"P10_B001291_2yuzp5","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $393,769 / spent $369,653","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00589994","cmteName":"BUILDING RENEWAL IN AMERICA NOW PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":50860,"totalDisbursements":48575.8,"cashOnHand":2284.23},{"cmteId":"C00589994","cmteName":"BUILDING RENEWAL IN AMERICA NOW PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":48250,"totalDisbursements":46714.4,"cashOnHand":3819.87},{"cmteId":"C00589994","cmteName":"BUILDING RENEWAL IN AMERICA NOW PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":75500,"totalDisbursements":60746.4,"cashOnHand":18573.5},{"cmteId":"C00589994","cmteName":"BUILDING RENEWAL IN AMERICA NOW PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":41500,"totalDisbursements":21845.4,"cashOnHand":38228.13},{"cmteId":"C00589994","cmteName":"BUILDING RENEWAL IN AMERICA NOW PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":71878.8,"totalDisbursements":105543.9,"cashOnHand":4563}],"totalRaised":393769.1,"totalSpent":369652.80000000005}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001291_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Brian Babin executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WDS","date":"2022-06-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Inclusion of the Space Force as Part of the Armed Forces","agency":"Veterans Affairs Department","date":"2022-05-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B001291_nrzdgu","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brian Babin campaign paid $9,756,061 to 46 surname-matched vendors, top: DESTINATION CLEVELAND","explanation":"Brian Babin's campaign paid 185 disbursements totaling $9,756,061 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DESTINATION CLEVELAND","total":2746773.14,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"DESTINATION CLEVELAND","amount":650084,"date":"2016-12-30","description":"IN-KIND - STAFF SALARIES","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DESTINATION CLEVELAND","amount":524565,"date":"2016-12-30","description":"RESERVE OF FUNDS FOR FUTURE CONVENTION RELATED EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"DESTINATION CLEVELAND","amount":441415,"date":"2015-01-16","description":"SITE VISITS AND MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WESTIN CLEVELAND DOWNTOWN","total":602595.28,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"WESTIN CLEVELAND DOWNTOWN","amount":300000,"date":"2016-07-19","description":"FACILITY RENTAL & LODGING","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WESTIN CLEVELAND DOWNTOWN","amount":223132.24,"date":"2016-07-08","description":"FACILITY RENTAL & LODGING","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"WESTIN CLEVELAND DOWNTOWN","amount":79463.04,"date":"2016-07-12","description":"VOLUNTEER HOUSING","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY","total":580224.72,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY","amount":162439.73,"date":"2016-11-16","description":"FACILITY RENTAL","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY","amount":114200,"date":"2016-05-31","description":"STAFF HOUSING","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY","amount":112620,"date":"2016-09-13","description":"LODGING","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GREATER CLEVELAND SPORTS COMMISSION","total":347418.67000000004,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"GREATER CLEVELAND SPORTS COMMISSION","amount":76810.64,"date":"2015-10-20","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GREATER CLEVELAND SPORTS COMMISSION","amount":75000,"date":"2016-09-29","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE/CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"GREATER CLEVELAND SPORTS COMMISSION","amount":74639.15,"date":"2016-06-24","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"cleveland","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DESTINATION%20CLEVELAND"]},{"id":"P138_B001291","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Babin draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.0M PAC / $17.7M total)","explanation":"Brian Babin's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.0M of $17.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.99,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.69,"pacSharePct":39.5,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6TX02079"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX02079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_B001291","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Babin executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL OA (11d apart)","explanation":"Brian Babin has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL OA 2016-04-08 → 2016-04-19 (11d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"OA","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-04-08","date2":"2016-04-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"D000623":[{"id":"P10_D000623_6hnyu9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $143,911 / spent $116,657","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00589606","cmteName":"MOVING OUR NATION FORWARD PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":39520,"totalDisbursements":30675.2,"cashOnHand":8844.85},{"cmteId":"C00589606","cmteName":"MOVING OUR NATION FORWARD PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":22250,"totalDisbursements":22703.9,"cashOnHand":8390.97},{"cmteId":"C00589606","cmteName":"MOVING OUR NATION FORWARD PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":18000,"totalDisbursements":25863.3,"cashOnHand":527.63},{"cmteId":"C00589606","cmteName":"MOVING OUR NATION FORWARD PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":22955,"totalDisbursements":23443.6,"cashOnHand":39.05},{"cmteId":"C00589606","cmteName":"MOVING OUR NATION FORWARD PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":24040.5,"totalDisbursements":6944.3,"cashOnHand":17135.21}],"totalRaised":143910.5,"totalSpent":116657.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_D000623","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark DeSaulnier draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.1M PAC / $9.4M total)","explanation":"Mark DeSaulnier's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.1M of $9.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.1,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.43,"pacSharePct":54.1,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H0CA10073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA10073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000576":[{"id":"P10_G000576_z9xrpg","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $139,483 / spent $136,062","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00628669","cmteName":"1848 PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":3000,"totalDisbursements":0,"cashOnHand":3000},{"cmteId":"C00628669","cmteName":"1848 PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":10607.5,"totalDisbursements":12930.9,"cashOnHand":676.66},{"cmteId":"C00628669","cmteName":"1848 PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":42975,"totalDisbursements":38700,"cashOnHand":4951.66},{"cmteId":"C00628669","cmteName":"1848 PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":34000,"totalDisbursements":19080.1,"cashOnHand":19871.58},{"cmteId":"C00628669","cmteName":"1848 PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":41400,"totalDisbursements":39945,"cashOnHand":21326.59}],"totalRaised":139482.5,"totalSpent":136061.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_G000576_uve7v4","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Glenn Grothman campaign paid $191,318 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: LIND, HOWARD R","explanation":"Glenn Grothman's campaign paid 10 disbursements totaling $191,318 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LIND, HOWARD R","total":75000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LIND, HOWARD R","amount":75000,"date":"2014-02-10","description":"PARTIAL REPAYMENT OF CANDIDATE LOAN","surnameMatched":"lind","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LIND, BARBARA","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"LIND, BARBARA","amount":50000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"DIGITAL PROGRAMMING","surnameMatched":"lind","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GROTHMAN, GLENN S","total":46318,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"GROTHMAN, GLENN S","amount":16628,"date":"2018-12-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"grothman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"GROTHMAN, GLENN S","amount":13850,"date":"2014-10-29","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"grothman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"GROTHMAN, GLENN S","amount":10840,"date":"2014-10-22","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"grothman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GROTHMAN FOR, CONGRESS","total":10000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GROTHMAN FOR, CONGRESS","amount":5000,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"POILITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"grothman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GROTHMAN FOR, CONGRESS","amount":5000,"date":"2016-09-30","description":"2016 CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"grothman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GROTHMAN, GLEN","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GROTHMAN, GLEN","amount":5000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"PAC CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grothman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GROTHMAN, GLENN S.","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"GROTHMAN, GLENN S.","amount":5000,"date":"2020-01-24","description":"CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"grothman","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LIND"]},{"id":"P61_G000576","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $30,000","explanation":"Glenn Grothman received campaign contributions totaling $30,000 from 6 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: KOCH INDUSTRIES INC ($5,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($5,000); AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL ($5,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); ALLIANT ENERGY CORPORATION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":6,"totalDollars":30000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)","ldaClient":"KOCH INDUSTRIES INC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOC INT'L PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ALLIANT ENERGY CORPORATION EMPLOYEES PAC","ldaClient":"ALLIANT ENERGY CORPORATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_G000576","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn Grothman's campaign paid $15,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: GROTHMAN FOR, CONGRESS ($10,000)","explanation":"Glenn Grothman's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $15,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: GROTHMAN FOR, CONGRESS ($10,000 across 2 payments, services: POILITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS · 2016 CONTRIBUTIONS). Cycles covered: 2016, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":15000,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"GROTHMAN FOR, CONGRESS","total":10000,"count":2,"descriptions":["POILITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS","2016 CONTRIBUTIONS"]},{"payee":"GROTHMAN, GLEN","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["PAC CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"grothman"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4WI06048&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"S000185":[{"id":"P10_S000185_xzl6pi","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $596,579 / spent $553,877","explanation":"This member sponsors 6 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00625111","cmteName":"STRENGTHENING VIRGINIA'S WORKING FAMILIES PAC","year":"2016","totalReceipts":53500,"totalDisbursements":41728.9,"cashOnHand":11771.06},{"cmteId":"C00625111","cmteName":"STRENGTHENING VIRGINIA'S WORKING FAMILIES PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":92500,"totalDisbursements":87264.4,"cashOnHand":17006.67},{"cmteId":"C00625111","cmteName":"STRENGTHENING VIRGINIA'S WORKING FAMILIES PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":145800,"totalDisbursements":138304.7,"cashOnHand":24502.01},{"cmteId":"C00625111","cmteName":"STRENGTHENING VIRGINIA'S WORKING FAMILIES PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":146526,"totalDisbursements":163196,"cashOnHand":7832.05},{"cmteId":"C00625111","cmteName":"STRENGTHENING VIRGINIA'S WORKING FAMILIES PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":128253,"totalDisbursements":122601.1,"cashOnHand":13483.98}],"totalRaised":596579,"totalSpent":553876.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000185_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert “Bobby” Scott executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2021-12-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare Program; Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment Systems for Acute Care Hospitals and the Long-Term Care Hospita","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2021-11-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000185_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert “Bobby” Scott executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","date":"2021-12-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2021-12-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Truth in Lending (Regulation Z)","agency":"Federal Reserve System, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau","date":"2021-11-30"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Truth in Lending (Regulation Z)","agency":"Federal Reserve System, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau","date":"2021-11-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000185_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Robert “Bobby” Scott executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2021-12-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Ocean Perch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Manageme","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-11-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_S000185_mobtrh","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert “Bobby” Scott campaign paid $118,452,578 to 116 surname-matched vendors, top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott's campaign paid 584 disbursements totaling $118,452,578 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3696650,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3632833.15,"date":"2010-09-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","amount":3000000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":2442240,"date":"2022-11-22","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1931572,"date":"2012-09-07","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","amount":1446494.5,"date":"2022-10-31","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","total":5109955.45,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":1132036.5,"date":"2022-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":934113,"date":"2022-10-07","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO. INC.","amount":811321.25,"date":"2022-10-03","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","total":2268810,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2012-11-08","description":"REPAY LOAN MADE/GUAR. BY CAND REPAY PERS","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2019-07-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN PAYMENT FROM 9/27/18","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BUCHANAN, VERNON","amount":250000,"date":"2019-04-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN PAYMENT FROM 6/27/2018","surnameMatched":"buchanan","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","amount":1877202,"date":"2006-10-18","description":"MEDIA BUY EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"scott","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SCOTT%20HOWELL%20%26%20COMPANY"]},{"id":"P20_S000185_dxwl80","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott sits on committees overseeing Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2021-12-28","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":187561181.57,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2020-06-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":560104,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2014-01-21","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_S000185","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"30% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 4.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 23 disclosed trades, 7 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 4.7× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":7,"total":23,"rate":30.4},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":4.73}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S000185_INTC_20211228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $INTC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott sell $INTC 1 day after a corporate insider (Yeary Frank D  (CIK 0001458902)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"INTC","filer":"Yeary Frank D  (CIK 0001458902)","filingDate":"2021-12-27","adsh":"0001127602-21-031945","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000185_APD_20211228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $APD 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott sell $APD 6 days before a corporate insider (Ho David H Y  (CIK 0001398493)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APD","filer":"Ho David H Y  (CIK 0001398493)","filingDate":"2022-01-03","adsh":"0001225208-22-000054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000185_CSL_20211228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CSL 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott sell $CSL 6 days before a corporate insider (Tutas David A.  (CIK 0001567995)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSL","filer":"Tutas David A.  (CIK 0001567995)","filingDate":"2022-01-03","adsh":"0001214659-22-000003"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S000185_IFF_20211228","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IFF 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott sell $IFF 7 days before a corporate insider (Fauchon de Villeplee Christophe  (CIK 0001881680)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IFF","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-12-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IFF","filer":"Fauchon de Villeplee Christophe  (CIK 0001881680)","filingDate":"2022-01-04","adsh":"0001225208-22-000293"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P62_S000185","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $87,050 on 2011-06-30 (10.9× normal)","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $87,050 on 2011-06-30 — 10.9× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":211100,"maxRatio":11.2,"maxAmount":87050},{"source":"spike","date":"2011-06-30","amount":87050,"ratio":10.9,"baselineDaily":7968,"count":61,"cmteId":"C00463687","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00463687&min_date=2011-06-30&max_date=2011-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-12-15","amount":66650,"ratio":11.2,"baselineDaily":5969,"count":28,"cmteId":"C00711341","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00711341&min_date=2019-12-15&max_date=2019-12-15"},{"source":"spike","date":"2015-03-16","amount":57400,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":5448,"count":39,"cmteId":"C00463687","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00463687&min_date=2015-03-16&max_date=2015-03-16"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463687/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00463687&min_date=2011-06-30&max_date=2011-06-30"]},{"id":"P90_S000185","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert “Bobby” Scott's campaign paid $101,711,298 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514)","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 82 payments totaling $101,711,298 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY ($71,314,514 across 53 payments, services: MEDIA · ADVERTISING PRODUCTION · PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES). Cycles covered: 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":101711298.41999999,"paymentCount":82,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & COMPANY","total":71314513.52000001,"count":53,"descriptions":["MEDIA","ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","PLACED MEDIA & VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL AND COMPANY","total":25804007.900000002,"count":25,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA BUY","MEDIA PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"HOWELL, SCOTT MR","total":1877202,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY EXPENSE"]},{"payee":"AINSWORTH, SCOTT","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["SPOKESPERSON CONSULTANT"]},{"payee":"SCOTT HOWELL & CO.","total":965575,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA PLACEMENT"]}],"surname":"scott"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6VA01117&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_S000185","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert “Bobby” Scott draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.8M PAC / $18.3M total)","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.8M of $18.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.28,"pacSharePct":59.1,"cycleCount":40,"fecId":"H6VA01117"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6VA01117/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_S000185_CAMPUSSafetyActof200","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert “Bobby” Scott sponsored \"CAMPUS Safety Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"CAMPUS Safety Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000185_DeathinCustodyReport","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert “Bobby” Scott sponsored \"Death in Custody Reporting Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Death in Custody Reporting Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000185_YouthPROMISEAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert “Bobby” Scott sponsored \"Youth PROMISE Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Youth PROMISE Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_S000185","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert “Bobby” Scott — DW-NOMINATE -0.45 vs VA delegation mean 0.12 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Robert “Bobby” Scott's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.45) is 1.5 standard deviations from the VA delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"VA","memberScore":-0.451,"delegationMean":0.12260416666666664,"zscore":"1.54"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"R000606":[{"id":"P10_R000606_br7m9v","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,370,539 / spent $1,210,602","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00664318","cmteName":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":420041.7,"totalDisbursements":314685.6,"cashOnHand":105356.07},{"cmteId":"C00664318","cmteName":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":135519.6,"totalDisbursements":186131.9,"cashOnHand":54743.79},{"cmteId":"C00664318","cmteName":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":115356.5,"totalDisbursements":142204.9,"cashOnHand":27895.45},{"cmteId":"C00664318","cmteName":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":367696.3,"totalDisbursements":272655.3,"cashOnHand":122936.41},{"cmteId":"C00664318","cmteName":"DEMOCRACY SUMMER LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":331925.3,"totalDisbursements":294924.7,"cashOnHand":159936.92}],"totalRaised":1370539.4000000001,"totalSpent":1210602.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_R000606_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23525 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,370,393 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 23525× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,370,393; 10148× RETIRED = $1,640,595. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":23525,"total":2370393,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":10148,"total":1640595,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000606_zluwy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,049 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $52,049 across 136 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,506.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575126","date":"2015-09-30","amount":52049,"count":136,"baseline":8506,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575126/"]},{"id":"P19_R000606_ehypvx","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jamie Raskin campaign paid $132,147 to 14 surname-matched vendors, top: JARBOE, AARON","explanation":"Jamie Raskin's campaign paid 47 disbursements totaling $132,147 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JARBOE, AARON","total":43878.09,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON","amount":7500,"date":"2020-12-31","description":"FUNDRAISING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON","amount":6000,"date":"2022-10-12","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON","amount":6000,"date":"2022-07-26","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JARBOE, AARON C.","total":38748.73,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON C.","amount":6250,"date":"2020-03-20","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON C.","amount":4443.01,"date":"2022-12-01","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON C.","amount":4443.01,"date":"2022-07-29","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JARBOE, AARON CLAUDE","total":27250,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON CLAUDE","amount":5000,"date":"2021-11-02","description":"INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR - FUNDRAISER AND FUNDRAISING STRATEGY CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON CLAUDE","amount":5000,"date":"2021-01-15","description":"INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR - FUNDRAISER AND FUNDRAISING STRATEGY CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"JARBOE, AARON CLAUDE","amount":5000,"date":"2021-01-04","description":"INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR - FUNDRAISER AND FUNDRAISING STRATEGY CONSULTANT","surnameMatched":"jarboe","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FIGUEREDO, FRANK  MR.","total":8333.33,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FIGUEREDO, FRANK  MR.","amount":8333.33,"date":"2005-05-02","description":"","surnameMatched":"figueredo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FIGUEREDO, FABIAN F.","total":2900,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FIGUEREDO, FABIAN F.","amount":2900,"date":"2022-09-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"figueredo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FIGUEREDO, CAROLINA I.","total":2500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FIGUEREDO, CAROLINA I.","amount":2500,"date":"2023-11-24","description":"RETURN OF G2024 CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"figueredo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=JARBOE"]},{"id":"P47_R000606_International_Union_of_Painter_118767","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"International Union of Painters and Allied Trades testified before House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement — also a $10,000 donor","explanation":"Jamie Raskin sits on House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement, which on 2025-12-17 held a hearing titled \"“The Impacts of Temporary Protected Status”\". The witness Mr. James Williams (International Union of Painters and Allied Trades) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $10,000 in contributions across 2 reported transactions. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement","eventId":"118767","title":"“The Impacts of Temporary Protected Status”","date":"2025-12-17T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. James Williams","witnessOrg":"International Union of Painters and Allied Trades","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118767"},{"source":"donor","name":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","total":10000,"count":2,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INT'L%20UNION%20OF%20BRICKLAYERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20CRAFTWORKERS%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118767","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=INT'L%20UNION%20OF%20BRICKLAYERS%20AND%20ALLIED%20CRAFTWORKERS%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_R000606","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,000","explanation":"Jamie Raskin received campaign contributions totaling $90,000 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 17 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTW ($10,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000); NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":90000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"INT'L UNION OF BRICKLAYERS AND ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BRICKLAYERS & ALLIED CRAFTWORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P140_R000606","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jamie Raskin disclosed 1 large-bracket trade (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY X $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Jamie Raskin has filed 1 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY X $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-02-09.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":1,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":250001,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"X","action":"BUY","date":"2022-02-09","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P148_R000606","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jamie Raskin's PAC funding concentrates 44% in Technology ($0.19M / $0.44M classified)","explanation":"Jamie Raskin's PAC donors concentrate 44% in the Technology industry — $0.19M of $0.44M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.19M · Finance $0.18M · Labor $0.02M · Defense $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.19,"totalPacAmountM":0.44,"concentrationPct":44.2,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.19,"Finance":0.18,"Labor":0.02,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Energy":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MD08457/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"K000392":[{"id":"P10_K000392_xmmkgx","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $570,847 / spent $501,129","explanation":"This member sponsors 5 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00635219","cmteName":"DELIVERING AMERICAN VALUES IN DC PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":84215,"totalDisbursements":55125.4,"cashOnHand":29089.61},{"cmteId":"C00635219","cmteName":"DELIVERING AMERICAN VALUES IN DC PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":70500,"totalDisbursements":71556.2,"cashOnHand":28033.41},{"cmteId":"C00635219","cmteName":"DELIVERING AMERICAN VALUES IN DC PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":91200,"totalDisbursements":81533.6,"cashOnHand":37699.78},{"cmteId":"C00635219","cmteName":"DELIVERING AMERICAN VALUES IN DC PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":213931.7,"totalDisbursements":175643.3,"cashOnHand":75988.21},{"cmteId":"C00635219","cmteName":"DELIVERING AMERICAN VALUES IN DC PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":111000,"totalDisbursements":117270.7,"cashOnHand":69717.49}],"totalRaised":570846.7,"totalSpent":501129.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_K000392_nkj2zy","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -3%)","explanation":"Of $5,927,841 in itemized individual contributions, $3,880,982 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5927841,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-202601,"$200.01-$499":217126,"$500-$999":526265,"$1000-$1999":1506069,"$2000 and over":3880982},"megaShare":65.5,"smallDonorShare":-3.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000392_brqy6l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,050 donation spike on 2025-03-19 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-19 this committee recorded $95,050 across 57 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,034.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614826","date":"2025-03-19","amount":95050,"count":57,"baseline":10034,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/"]},{"id":"P15_K000392_b8kur8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,200 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $94,200 across 54 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,747.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614826","date":"2017-03-31","amount":94200,"count":54,"baseline":10747,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/"]},{"id":"P15_K000392_twkjbj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,050 donation spike on 2023-03-06 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-06 this committee recorded $75,050 across 41 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,009.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614826","date":"2023-03-06","amount":75050,"count":41,"baseline":8009,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/"]},{"id":"P15_K000392_f8864i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,450 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $62,450 across 73 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,610.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614826","date":"2022-06-30","amount":62450,"count":73,"baseline":5610,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/"]},{"id":"P15_K000392_twjwds","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,800 donation spike on 2023-02-28 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-02-28 this committee recorded $61,800 across 23 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,073.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614826","date":"2023-02-28","amount":61800,"count":23,"baseline":5073,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/"]},{"id":"P15_K000392_pwz502","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,650 donation spike on 2016-03-23 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-23 this committee recorded $60,650 across 32 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,564.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614826","date":"2016-03-23","amount":60650,"count":32,"baseline":8564,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/"]},{"id":"P15_K000392_jryx9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,700 donation spike on 2021-03-28 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-28 this committee recorded $56,700 across 28 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,028.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614826","date":"2021-03-28","amount":56700,"count":28,"baseline":9028,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/"]},{"id":"P15_K000392_jryx7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,300 donation spike on 2021-03-26 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-26 this committee recorded $50,300 across 26 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,116.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00614826","date":"2021-03-26","amount":50300,"count":26,"baseline":7116,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/"]},{"id":"P17_K000392_WBD_2022-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-08 and 2022-04-12, 5 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-08 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000392_WBD_2022-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-11 and 2022-04-12, 4 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"},{"bioguideId":"P000197","name":"Nancy Pelosi"},{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"}],"span":"2022-04-11 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_K000392_WBD_2022-04-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought WBD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-04-11 and 2022-04-12, 3 members took the same direction on WBD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","date":"2022-04-11","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WBD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000591","name":"Michael Guest"},{"bioguideId":"K000392","name":"David Kustoff"},{"bioguideId":"P000048","name":"August Pfluger"}],"span":"2022-04-11 to 2022-04-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000392_6pdnnn","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Kustoff campaign paid $13,302,246 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: DERBY H WATKINS","explanation":"David Kustoff's campaign paid 132 disbursements totaling $13,302,246 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DERBY H WATKINS","total":4954981.5200000005,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":361365.98,"date":"2020-09-30","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":347098.82,"date":"2019-11-06","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"DERBY H WATKINS","amount":326266.06,"date":"2020-11-20","description":"MAIL PRODUCTION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","total":2783587.7900000024,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100533.35,"date":"2018-11-08","description":"MAINT CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100369.91,"date":"2023-11-29","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY COMPANY","amount":100369.91,"date":"2023-09-29","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS SECURITY AGENCY","total":1680234.1800000002,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY AGENCY","amount":132299.83,"date":"2025-04-10","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY AGENCY","amount":132299.83,"date":"2025-03-20","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"WATKINS SECURITY AGENCY","amount":132299.83,"date":"2025-01-17","description":"MAINTENANCE CONTRACT-SECURITY","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LATHAM & WATKINS LLP","total":1447909.86,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"LATHAM & WATKINS LLP","amount":558572.53,"date":"2025-05-12","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LATHAM & WATKINS LLP","amount":443714.93,"date":"2025-07-14","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"LATHAM & WATKINS LLP","amount":123981.3,"date":"2025-08-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATKINS, DERBY H","total":773838.9199999999,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY H","amount":410330,"date":"2008-10-17","description":"FINANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"WATKINS, DERBY H","amount":363508.92,"date":"2016-09-19","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING & POSTAGE","surnameMatched":"watkins","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","total":346369,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","amount":101369,"date":"2006-03-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","amount":100000,"date":"2005-12-01","description":"","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BREWER (PERSONAL FUNDS), MARILYN","amount":100000,"date":"2006-03-07","description":"","surnameMatched":"brewer","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=DERBY%20H%20WATKINS"]},{"id":"P43_K000392_WBD_20220411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WBD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Kustoff buy $WBD 1 day before a corporate insider (Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WBD","action":"BUY","amount":"$4,450.50","tradeDate":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WBD","filer":"Sims Savalle  (CIK 0001706848)","filingDate":"2022-04-12","adsh":"0001437107-22-000081"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000392_T_20220411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $T 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David Kustoff buy $T 10 days before a corporate insider (SRPO-II Manager, LP  (CIK 0001886272)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"BUY","amount":"$4,450.50","tradeDate":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"SRPO-II Manager, LP  (CIK 0001886272)","filingDate":"2022-04-21","adsh":"0001884495-22-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P61_K000392","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $224,961","explanation":"David Kustoff received campaign contributions totaling $224,961 from 29 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 29 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: PINNACLE FINANCIAL SERVICES ($33,361); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($16,600); REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION ($10,000); MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI) ($10,000); UNITED PARCEL SERVICE ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":29,"totalDollars":224961,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS","ldaClient":"PINNACLE FINANCIAL SERVICES","donorTotal":33360.99999999999,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC (AIPAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":16600,"exact":false},{"donorName":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION PAC (RJC PAC)","ldaClient":"REPUBLICAN JEWISH COALITION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE PAC (UPSPAC)","ldaClient":"UNITED PARCEL SERVICE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_K000392","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $62,450 on 2022-06-30 (11.1× normal)","explanation":"David Kustoff's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $62,450 on 2022-06-30 — 11.1× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":124250,"maxRatio":12.2,"maxAmount":62450},{"source":"spike","date":"2022-06-30","amount":62450,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":5610,"count":73,"cmteId":"C00614826","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00614826&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-02-28","amount":61800,"ratio":12.2,"baselineDaily":5073,"count":23,"cmteId":"C00614826","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00614826&min_date=2023-02-28&max_date=2023-02-28"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00614826/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00614826&min_date=2022-06-30&max_date=2022-06-30"]},{"id":"P138_K000392","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Kustoff draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.7M PAC / $23.5M total)","explanation":"David Kustoff's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.7M of $23.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.72,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.49,"pacSharePct":37.1,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H2TN07103"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TN07103/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001300":[{"id":"P10_B001300_mi4cdy","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $125,500 / spent $114,769","explanation":"This member sponsors 2 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00659771","cmteName":"LUCHADORA PAC","year":"2018","totalReceipts":82500,"totalDisbursements":70198.1,"cashOnHand":12301.94},{"cmteId":"C00659771","cmteName":"LUCHADORA PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":43000,"totalDisbursements":44570.6,"cashOnHand":10731.33}],"totalRaised":125500,"totalSpent":114768.70000000001}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_B001300_kxiwiw","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $311,250 in itemized individual contributions, $287,400 (92%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":311250,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-600,"$200.01-$499":3650,"$500-$999":8100,"$1000-$1999":12700,"$2000 and over":287400},"megaShare":92.3,"smallDonorShare":-0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001300","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nanette Barragán draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.2M PAC / $15.5M total)","explanation":"Nanette Barragán's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.2M of $15.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.54,"pacSharePct":46.6,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6CA44103"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA44103/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000481":[{"id":"P10_T000481_ohjsfc","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $911,553 / spent $881,534","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00741371","cmteName":"ROOTED IN COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":135171.9,"totalDisbursements":54565.5,"cashOnHand":80606.36},{"cmteId":"C00741371","cmteName":"ROOTED IN COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":270735.9,"totalDisbursements":310081.4,"cashOnHand":41260.87},{"cmteId":"C00741371","cmteName":"ROOTED IN COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":373333.1,"totalDisbursements":288371.6,"cashOnHand":126222.32},{"cmteId":"C00741371","cmteName":"ROOTED IN COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":132311.6,"totalDisbursements":228515.2,"cashOnHand":30018.72}],"totalRaised":911552.5,"totalSpent":881533.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_T000481_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23545 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,853,886 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 23545× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,853,886. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":23545,"total":2853886,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000481_3w9fgp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$256,038 donation spike on 2023-12-09 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-09 this committee recorded $256,038 across 214 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $40,652.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00668608","date":"2023-12-09","amount":256038,"count":214,"baseline":40652,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668608/"]},{"id":"P15_T000481_3wa2g9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$189,096 donation spike on 2023-11-08 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-11-08 this committee recorded $189,096 across 560 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,159.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00668608","date":"2023-11-08","amount":189096,"count":560,"baseline":16159,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668608/"]},{"id":"P15_T000481_pg2jd4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,955 donation spike on 2025-07-20 — 18.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-07-20 this committee recorded $114,955 across 79 contributions — 18.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,255.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00668608","date":"2025-07-20","amount":114955,"count":79,"baseline":6255,"ratio":18.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668608/"]},{"id":"P15_T000481_x9j8jb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$110,511 donation spike on 2021-06-13 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-13 this committee recorded $110,511 across 75 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,911.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00668608","date":"2021-06-13","amount":110511,"count":75,"baseline":9911,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668608/"]},{"id":"P15_T000481_udjozu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,660 donation spike on 2018-03-04 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-04 this committee recorded $89,660 across 38 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,934.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00668608","date":"2018-03-04","amount":89660,"count":38,"baseline":8934,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668608/"]},{"id":"P15_T000481_pghv07","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,474 donation spike on 2025-10-05 — 13.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-05 this committee recorded $71,474 across 55 contributions — 13.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,418.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00668608","date":"2025-10-05","amount":71474,"count":55,"baseline":5418,"ratio":13.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668608/"]},{"id":"P19_T000481_4gtoye","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rashida Tlaib campaign paid $769,849 to 48 surname-matched vendors, top: ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SHOLER LLP","explanation":"Rashida Tlaib's campaign paid 94 disbursements totaling $769,849 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SHOLER LLP","total":293240.45,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SHOLER LLP","amount":161911.7,"date":"2025-11-14","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SHOLER LLP","amount":131328.75,"date":"2025-10-02","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAYE, LOREN","total":85571.76000000001,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KAYE, LOREN","amount":20000,"date":"2010-08-16","description":"POLICY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KAYE, LOREN","amount":15354,"date":"2010-01-08","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KAYE, LOREN","amount":10156,"date":"2010-04-13","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING/TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP","total":79551,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP","amount":75000,"date":"2017-02-10","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP","amount":4551,"date":"2019-02-19","description":"ADMINISTRATIVE/LEGAL FEES FOR SERVICES RENDERED THROUGH JANUARY 2019","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAAS, LINDSAY","total":62339.59999999998,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"MAAS, LINDSAY","amount":4511.12,"date":"2020-09-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"maas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MAAS, LINDSAY","amount":4017.52,"date":"2020-08-19","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"maas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MAAS, LINDSAY","amount":4000,"date":"2020-02-01","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"maas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP (APKS) PARTNERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","total":30000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP (APKS) PARTNERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-07-21","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP (APKS) PARTNERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"2020-06-18","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"ARNOLD & PORTER KAYE SCHOLER LLP (APKS) PARTNERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","amount":5000,"date":"2025-02-25","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kaye","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAAS LEADERS","total":16363.62,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MAAS LEADERS","amount":16363.62,"date":"2016-08-16","description":"YARD SIGNS","surnameMatched":"maas","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=ARNOLD%20%26%20PORTER%20KAYE%20SHOLER%20LLP"]},{"id":"P27_T000481_63h2lm","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 donor PACs share treasurer \"LEE LAUREN DECOT\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00887653","name":"ROOTED IN MOVEMENT","treasurer":"LEE LAUREN DECOT"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00876961","name":"MICHIGAN WOMEN UNITED FOR ACTION FUND","treasurer":"LEE LAUREN DECOT"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00869875","name":"PROGRESSIVE VOICES FOR PEACE","treasurer":"LEE LAUREN DECOT"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00856286","name":"RUSTBELT ROSEBUDS","treasurer":"LEE LAUREN DECOT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_T000481_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TLAIB, Rashida voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000481","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 11 total findings","explanation":"Rashida Tlaib has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":11,"highSeverityCount":4,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_T000481","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $35,000","explanation":"Rashida Tlaib received campaign contributions totaling $35,000 from 3 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 3 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF THE UNITED STATES ($20,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":3,"totalDollars":35000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"MICHIGAN WOMEN UNITED FOR ACTION FUND","ldaClient":"LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF THE UNITED STATES","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL ACTION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_T000481","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $189,096 on 2023-11-08 (11.7× normal)","explanation":"Rashida Tlaib's campaign committee received 5 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $189,096 on 2023-11-08 — 11.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":5,"totalSpikeDollars":575696,"maxRatio":18.4,"maxAmount":189096},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-11-08","amount":189096,"ratio":11.7,"baselineDaily":16159,"count":560,"cmteId":"C00668608","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00668608&min_date=2023-11-08&max_date=2023-11-08"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-07-20","amount":114955,"ratio":18.4,"baselineDaily":6255,"count":79,"cmteId":"C00668608","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00668608&min_date=2025-07-20&max_date=2025-07-20"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-06-13","amount":110511,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":9911,"count":75,"cmteId":"C00668608","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00668608&min_date=2021-06-13&max_date=2021-06-13"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-03-04","amount":89660,"ratio":10,"baselineDaily":8934,"count":38,"cmteId":"C00668608","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00668608&min_date=2018-03-04&max_date=2018-03-04"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-10-05","amount":71474,"ratio":13.2,"baselineDaily":5418,"count":55,"cmteId":"C00668608","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00668608&min_date=2025-10-05&max_date=2025-10-05"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00668608/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00668608&min_date=2023-11-08&max_date=2023-11-08"]},{"id":"P86_T000481","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rashida Tlaib named in 3 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Rashida Tlaib appears as a named subject in 3 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":3,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Rashida Tlaib","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-15-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Rashida Tlaib","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-5-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Rashida Tlaib","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-2-2/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-15-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-5-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-2-2/"]},{"id":"P148_T000481","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rashida Tlaib's PAC funding concentrates 85% in Technology ($0.09M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"Rashida Tlaib's PAC donors concentrate 85% in the Technology industry — $0.09M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.09M · Labor $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.09,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":85.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.09,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MI13250/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"P000610":[{"id":"P10_P000610_lhehi9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $307,832 / spent $253,099","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00700203","cmteName":"GRANGE PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":38856.8,"totalDisbursements":27665.3,"cashOnHand":11191.46},{"cmteId":"C00700203","cmteName":"GRANGE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":76925,"totalDisbursements":58141.1,"cashOnHand":29975.33},{"cmteId":"C00700203","cmteName":"GRANGE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":105250,"totalDisbursements":93724,"cashOnHand":41501.34},{"cmteId":"C00700203","cmteName":"GRANGE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":86800,"totalDisbursements":73569,"cashOnHand":54732.38}],"totalRaised":307831.8,"totalSpent":253099.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_P000610_z3hb2h","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $1,953,429 in itemized individual contributions, $1,187,410 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1953429,"buckets":{"$200 and under":10234,"$200.01-$499":88386,"$500-$999":213837,"$1000-$1999":453562,"$2000 and over":1187410},"megaShare":60.8,"smallDonorShare":0.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000610_hrn7mg","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacey Plaskett campaign paid $18,485,021 to 4 surname-matched vendors, top: WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE AND DORR ","explanation":"Stacey Plaskett's campaign paid 173 disbursements totaling $18,485,021 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE AND DORR LLP","total":18033327.769999996,"count":95,"samples":[{"payee":"WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE AND DORR LLP","amount":3270082.84,"date":"2020-12-29","description":"LEGAL FEES","surnameMatched":"pickering","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE AND DORR LLP","amount":780779.4,"date":"2021-02-19","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pickering","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE AND DORR LLP","amount":665227.6,"date":"2023-12-29","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pickering","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGIN ISLANDS FOR PLASKETT","total":371692.93,"count":71,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGIN ISLANDS FOR PLASKETT","amount":7000,"date":"2025-05-25","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"plaskett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"VIRGIN ISLANDS FOR PLASKETT","amount":7000,"date":"2025-06-01","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"plaskett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"VIRGIN ISLANDS FOR PLASKETT","amount":6600,"date":"2023-04-23","description":"EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"plaskett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WILMER CULTER PICKERING HALE & DORR LLP","total":50000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WILMER CULTER PICKERING HALE & DORR LLP","amount":50000,"date":"2018-12-21","description":"LEGAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"pickering","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGIN ISLANDERS FOR PLASKETT","total":30000,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGIN ISLANDERS FOR PLASKETT","amount":5000,"date":"2016-09-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"plaskett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"VIRGIN ISLANDERS FOR PLASKETT","amount":5000,"date":"2014-09-29","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"plaskett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"VIRGIN ISLANDERS FOR PLASKETT","amount":5000,"date":"2016-06-23","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"plaskett","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WILMER%20CUTLER%20PICKERING%20HALE%20AND%20DORR%20LLP"]},{"id":"P25_P000610_Technology","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57% of PAC dollars ($122,200) come from Technology industry","explanation":"Stacey Plaskett receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Technology issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Technology","amount":122200,"share":57.2,"totalPAC":213594.71000000002,"pacCount":23},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":122200,"share":57.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"RealEstate","amount":17500,"share":8.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":15294.710000000001,"share":7.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":15000,"share":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P51_P000610_BLOOMBERG_MICHAEL_R_","pattern_type":"P51_CIRCULAR_VENDOR_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Campaign paid BLOOMBERG, MICHAEL R. $58.0M — vendor also donated $3,300","explanation":"Stacey Plaskett's campaign committee paid $58,000,000 to BLOOMBERG, MICHAEL R. across reported disbursements. The same vendor (or a closely-named entity) also appears as a donor to the campaign with $3,300 in contributions. Vendor-as-donor circular flow can be ordinary (e.g., a campaign consultant who donates to clients) or it can mask self-dealing where the vendor is closely held by the member or their inner circle. The 17575.8× outflow-to-inflow ratio suggests a one-direction-dominated relationship.","evidence":[{"source":"vendor_payment","vendor":"BLOOMBERG, MICHAEL R.","total":58000000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=BLOOMBERG%2C%20MICHAEL%20R."},{"source":"donor","name":"BLOOMBERG, MICHAEL R.","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLOOMBERG%2C%20MICHAEL%20R."}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?recipient_name=BLOOMBERG%2C%20MICHAEL%20R.","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=BLOOMBERG%2C%20MICHAEL%20R."]},{"id":"P61_P000610","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $40,000","explanation":"Stacey Plaskett received campaign contributions totaling $40,000 from 7 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 7 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($5,000); ROCK HOLDINGS ($5,000); NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS ($5,000); ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA) ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":7,"totalDollars":40000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL A","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ROCK HOLDINGS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"ROCK HOLDINGS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS PAC","ldaClient":"NATL BLACK CAUCUS OF STATE LEGISLATORS","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION PAC (AAHOA PAC)","ldaClient":"ASIAN AMERICAN HOTEL OWNERS ASSOCIATION (AAHOA)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_P000610","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacey Plaskett's campaign paid $396,200 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: VIRGIN ISLANDS FOR PLASKETT ($366,200)","explanation":"Stacey Plaskett's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 76 payments totaling $396,200 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: VIRGIN ISLANDS FOR PLASKETT ($366,200 across 70 payments, services: EARMARK CONTRIBUTION · 2016 PRIMARY · CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":396200,"paymentCount":76,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"VIRGIN ISLANDS FOR PLASKETT","total":366200,"count":70,"descriptions":["EARMARK CONTRIBUTION","2016 PRIMARY","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"VIRGIN ISLANDERS FOR PLASKETT","total":30000,"count":6,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION","CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE"]}],"surname":"plaskett"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2VI00082&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_P000610","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacey Plaskett draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.1M PAC / $7.6M total)","explanation":"Stacey Plaskett's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.1M of $7.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.13,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.6,"pacSharePct":41.2,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2VI00082"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2VI00082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_P000610","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacey Plaskett's PAC funding concentrates 82% in Technology ($0.11M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Stacey Plaskett's PAC donors concentrate 82% in the Technology industry — $0.11M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.11M · Oil & Gas $0.01M · Labor $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.11,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":81.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.11,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Labor":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Defense":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2VI00082/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"P000617":[{"id":"P10_P000617_b6ce5h","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $434,513 / spent $297,830","explanation":"This member sponsors 4 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00706630","cmteName":"POWER OF US PAC","year":"2020","totalReceipts":162000.6,"totalDisbursements":50368.3,"cashOnHand":111632.37},{"cmteId":"C00706630","cmteName":"POWER OF US PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":133477,"totalDisbursements":80934.7,"cashOnHand":164174.72},{"cmteId":"C00706630","cmteName":"POWER OF US PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":73035,"totalDisbursements":115865.3,"cashOnHand":121344.45},{"cmteId":"C00706630","cmteName":"POWER OF US PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":66000,"totalDisbursements":50662,"cashOnHand":136682.43}],"totalRaised":434512.6,"totalSpent":297830.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_P000617_am2wyk","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ayanna Pressley campaign paid $7,596,021 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","explanation":"Ayanna Pressley's campaign paid 38 disbursements totaling $7,596,021 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","total":3735981.5900000003,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","amount":1118460.82,"date":"2024-11-01","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","amount":1014874.3,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON, LLC","amount":500000,"date":"2024-10-31","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEYMOUTH WATSON","total":2496753.8499999996,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON","amount":448264.69,"date":"2022-11-07","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON","amount":282158.75,"date":"2022-11-28","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON","amount":255141.78,"date":"2022-11-28","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & SITE RENTALS","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WEYMOUTH WATSON LLC","total":1126022.7099999997,"count":12,"samples":[{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON LLC","amount":137489.47,"date":"2025-03-11","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION & AUDIO VISUAL SERVICES","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON LLC","amount":124435.29,"date":"2024-10-21","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION, VEHICLE RENTAL, PRINTING","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"WEYMOUTH WATSON LLC","amount":124082.89,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"EVENT PRODUCTION, VEHICLE RENTAL, PRINTING","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KATZ WATSON GROUP INC","total":120000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"KATZ WATSON GROUP INC","amount":120000,"date":"2020-11-12","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WATSON, TODD F","total":117262.53,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WATSON, TODD F","amount":117262.53,"date":"2014-11-19","description":"LOAN REPAY","surnameMatched":"watson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=WEYMOUTH%20WATSON"]},{"id":"P61_P000617","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"5 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $30,000","explanation":"Ayanna Pressley received campaign contributions totaling $30,000 from 5 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 5 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITE HERE! ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES ($5,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($5,000); LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERI ($5,000); AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":5,"totalDollars":30000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES POLITICAL ACTION TOGETHER POLITICAL COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","ldaClient":"LIUNA (LABORERS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA- MID ATLANTIC REGION)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL ACTION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN POSTAL WORKERS UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_P000617","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ayanna Pressley's PAC funding concentrates 79% in Technology ($0.10M / $0.12M classified)","explanation":"Ayanna Pressley's PAC donors concentrate 79% in the Technology industry — $0.10M of $0.12M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.10M · Labor $0.03M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.12,"concentrationPct":79.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.1,"Labor":0.03}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MA07032/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"B001303":[{"id":"P10_B001303_qbdyx9","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,710,710 / spent $1,445,294","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00633156","cmteName":"I GOT YOUR BACK PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":236858,"totalDisbursements":209106.7,"cashOnHand":35096.98},{"cmteId":"C00633156","cmteName":"I GOT YOUR BACK PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":464096,"totalDisbursements":370707.3,"cashOnHand":128485.68},{"cmteId":"C00633156","cmteName":"I GOT YOUR BACK PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":1009756.4,"totalDisbursements":865480.3,"cashOnHand":272761.75}],"totalRaised":1710710.4,"totalSpent":1445294.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001303_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9514 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,465,943 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9514× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,465,943. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":9514,"total":1465943,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001303_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with DE D delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BLUNT ROCHESTER, Lisa voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":679,"date":"2026-01-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":658,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to disinter the remains of F"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P81_B001303_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Tosk Company: Tosk, Inc. (Wilmington, DE) Description: Biopharmaceutical company…","explanation":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Tosk Company: Tosk, Inc. (Wilmington, DE) Description: Bioph.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Tosk Company: Tosk, Inc. (Wilmington, DE) Description: Biopharmaceutical company.","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_B001303_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester discloses 9 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 9 unascertainable, 17% of 53 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 9 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 9 unascertainable) across 53 total reported assets — 17% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: American Funds 529 Institution: American Funds (--) · Charles Schwab Roth IRA (--) · Charles Schwab IRA (--) · Lisa Blunt Rochester Revocable Trust (--) · Charles Schwab Revocable Trust (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":9,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":9,"totalAssets":53,"opaqueRatio":0.17,"samples":[{"asset":"American Funds 529 Institution: American Funds","value":"--"},{"asset":"Charles Schwab Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Charles Schwab IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Lisa Blunt Rochester Revocable Trust","value":"--"},{"asset":"Charles Schwab Revocable Trust","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_B001303_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester discloses 3 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: XLRE - S&P 500 Real Estate Sector SPDR · Seton Villa Description: Prior residence. (Wilmington, DE) · XLRE - S&P 500 Real Estate Sector SPDR.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":3,"properties":[{"name":"XLRE - S&P 500 Real Estate Sector SPDR","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Seton Villa Description: Prior residence. (Wilmington, DE)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"XLRE - S&P 500 Real Estate Sector SPDR","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P88_B001303_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — AGG","explanation":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: AGG ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AGG","asset":"AGG - iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_B001303_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Rochester\" — top: Lisa Blunt Rochester Revocable Trust","explanation":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Rochester\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Lisa Blunt Rochester Revocable Trust (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Rochester","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Lisa Blunt Rochester Revocable Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P135_B001303","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $11.0M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $11.0M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 54; earned-income on first filing: $22,238.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":10954924,"assetCount":54,"earnedIncome":22238,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P160_B001303_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 PFD shows 10 broad-market index funds (45% of 22 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 10 of 22 ticker holdings (45%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: IEMG, VEA, VCIT, BND, AGG, SPY, IJR, VUG.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":10,"totalTickers":22,"ratio":0.45,"broadTickers":["IEMG","VEA","VCIT","BND","AGG","SPY","IJR","VUG","IJH","SPLG"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_B001303_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 53 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 53 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":53,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_DE_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"DE delegation: Lisa Blunt Rochester & Christopher Coons both flagged on 8 shared detector types (3 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from DE — Lisa Blunt Rochester and Christopher Coons — are flagged on the same 8 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 3 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P10, P14, P29, P81, P83, P84, P88, P104.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"DE","otherSenatorBid":"C001088","otherSenatorName":"Christopher Coons","sharedDetectorCount":8,"sharedHighCount":3,"sharedDetectors":["P10","P14","P29","P81","P83","P84","P88","P104"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001303","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001088"]},{"id":"P193_B001303_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lisa Blunt Rochester — 34 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Lisa Blunt Rochester's 2025 Senate PFD shows 34 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":34,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/8b27a178-5d21-4754-9f85-ff6471d75dea/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"P000145":[{"id":"P10_P000145_c5g9bq","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $2,709,117 / spent $2,534,016","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00771238","cmteName":"DEFEND THE DREAM","year":"2022","totalReceipts":304000,"totalDisbursements":250620.4,"cashOnHand":53379.58},{"cmteId":"C00771238","cmteName":"DEFEND THE DREAM","year":"2024","totalReceipts":1478883.7,"totalDisbursements":1330812.1,"cashOnHand":201451.23},{"cmteId":"C00771238","cmteName":"DEFEND THE DREAM","year":"2026","totalReceipts":926233.3,"totalDisbursements":952583.5,"cashOnHand":175101.03}],"totalRaised":2709117,"totalSpent":2534016}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_P000145_d0i1o7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 3%)","explanation":"Of $10,454,939 in itemized individual contributions, $7,399,237 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":10454939,"buckets":{"$200 and under":285324,"$200.01-$499":250340,"$500-$999":723727,"$1000-$1999":1796311,"$2000 and over":7399237},"megaShare":70.8,"smallDonorShare":2.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000145_bxju4k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,910 donation spike on 2022-01-26 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-01-26 this committee recorded $88,910 across 45 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,021.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00765164","date":"2022-01-26","amount":88910,"count":45,"baseline":9021,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00765164/"]},{"id":"P15_P000145_fsbiqb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,500 donation spike on 2025-05-01 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-05-01 this committee recorded $68,500 across 16 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,610.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00771238","date":"2025-05-01","amount":68500,"count":16,"baseline":6610,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00771238/"]},{"id":"P19_P000145_i0six9","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla campaign paid $3,585,404 to 28 surname-matched vendors, top: KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's campaign paid 233 disbursements totaling $3,585,404 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","total":998315.7500000002,"count":38,"samples":[{"payee":"KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","amount":80834.51,"date":"2020-11-10","description":"LEGAL & TREASURY FEES & EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","amount":58480,"date":"2016-10-28","description":"LEGAL AND TREASURY FEES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KAUFMAN LEGAL GROUP","amount":45601.81,"date":"2022-04-20","description":"LEGAL FEES & EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","total":550459.28,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":123961.25,"date":"2025-01-21","description":"CAREY ACCT: LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":113573.67,"date":"2025-01-17","description":"LEGAL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS, ADAMS, BACKER & KAUFMAN, LLC","amount":50000,"date":"2024-06-24","description":"CAREY ACCT: LEGAL & COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","total":442056.06,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":140019.09,"date":"2024-10-18","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":97680.15,"date":"2025-12-30","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAM BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":80000,"date":"2025-03-05","description":"LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","total":335333.85,"count":13,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":40922.5,"date":"2023-09-19","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":35715,"date":"2024-02-16","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN LLC","amount":31177.5,"date":"2023-06-15","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BLISS, CORWIN A MR","total":240391,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"BLISS, CORWIN A MR","amount":15391,"date":"2011-08-31","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"corwin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BLISS, CORWIN A MR","amount":15000,"date":"2011-09-19","description":"POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"corwin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"BLISS, CORWIN A MR","amount":7500,"date":"2012-10-15","description":"SALARY & WAGES","surnameMatched":"corwin","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN","total":227366.26,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"CHALMERS ADAMS BACKER & KAUFMAN","amount":227366.26,"date":"2025-03-19","description":"LEGAL PROC - LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kaufman","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KAUFMAN%20LEGAL%20GROUP"]},{"id":"P26_P000145_yuavzv","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON INC. PAC (BOOZ ALLEN PAC)","total":4000,"fara_registrant":"Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P29_P000145_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PADILLA, Alejandro (Alex) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2026-01-06","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sara Bailey, of Texas, to be Director of National Drug Control Policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":658,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Alexander C. Van Hook, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the enhancement of t"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":643,"date":"2025-12-11","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to provide a health savings account contribution to certain enrollees, to"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000145","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 7 total findings","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":7,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_P000145","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $56,600","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla received campaign contributions totaling $56,600 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 9 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TWENTY-NINE PALMS BAND OF MISSION INDIANS ($6,600); BOONE & CROCKETT CLUB ($5,000); EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES LLC ($5,000); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($5,000); BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":56600,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"TWENTY-NINE PALMS BAND OF MISSION INDIANS","ldaClient":"TWENTY-NINE PALMS BAND OF MISSION INDIANS","donorTotal":6600,"exact":true},{"donorName":"BOONE AND CROCKETT POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"BOONE & CROCKETT CLUB","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES PAC","ldaClient":"EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES LLC","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SCHOOLSFIRST FEDERAL CREDIT UNION EMPLOYEES FEDERAL PAC","ldaClient":"BOEING EMPLOYEES' CREDIT UNION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P71_P000145","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$31,417 in outside earned income — top source: Nationwide Savings Plus 401(k) Columbus, OH ($$31,417.00)","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $31,417 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Nationwide Savings Plus 401(k) Columbus, OH ($31,417.00, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":31417,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"Nationwide Savings Plus 401(k) Columbus, OH","amount":"$31,417.00","amountNumeric":31417}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_P000145_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla discloses 3 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 3 unascertainable, 33% of 9 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 3 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 3 unascertainable) across 9 total reported assets — 33% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Morgan Stanley IRA (--) · CalPERS (Unascertainable) · Nationwide Savings Plus 401(k) (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":3,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":3,"totalAssets":9,"opaqueRatio":0.333,"samples":[{"asset":"Morgan Stanley IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"CalPERS","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Nationwide Savings Plus 401(k)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P95_P000145_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2025 PFD — IAU - iShares Gold Trust","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: IAU - iShares Gold Trust.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"IAU - iShares Gold Trust","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P148_P000145","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's PAC funding concentrates 39% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's PAC donors concentrate 39% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Finance $0.05M · Defense $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":39,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Finance":0.05,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Healthcare":0.01,"Labor":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2CA00955/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P161_P000145_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Target Date Fund 2035.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"Target Date Fund 2035","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_P000145_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 9 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 9 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":9,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_P000145_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Nationwide Savings Plus 401(k) (Retirement)","explanation":"Alejandro “Alex” Padilla's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Retirement from Nationwide Savings Plus 401(k) ($31,417.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Retirement","payer":"Nationwide Savings Plus 401(k) Columbus, OH","amount":"$31,417.00"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ca0fa419-d659-4a70-88f1-04687560399a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b48ae9be-e759-4af8-9f5a-a87abaae91a3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ca0fa419-d659-4a70-88f1-04687560399a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_CA_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"CA delegation: Alejandro “Alex” Padilla & Adam Schiff both flagged on 9 shared detector types (4 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from CA — Alejandro “Alex” Padilla and Adam Schiff — are flagged on the same 9 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 4 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P10, P11, P15, P19, P29, P36, P61, P83.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"CA","juniorSenatorBid":"S001150","juniorSenatorName":"Adam Schiff","sharedDetectorCount":9,"sharedHighCount":4,"sharedDetectors":["P10","P11","P15","P19","P29","P36","P61","P83","P148"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000145","https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001150"]}],"Y000067":[{"id":"P10_Y000067_wavrlh","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $796,376 / spent $764,310","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00823351","cmteName":"REPUBLICANS UNITED TO DEFEND YOU PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":127638.2,"totalDisbursements":75257.6,"cashOnHand":52380.6},{"cmteId":"C00823351","cmteName":"REPUBLICANS UNITED TO DEFEND YOU PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":381220.7,"totalDisbursements":388202.6,"cashOnHand":45398.71},{"cmteId":"C00823351","cmteName":"REPUBLICANS UNITED TO DEFEND YOU PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":287517.2,"totalDisbursements":300849.5,"cashOnHand":32066.36}],"totalRaised":796376.1000000001,"totalSpent":764309.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P188_Y000067","pattern_type":"P188_PRIVATE_ASSET_TRADER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rudy Yakym — 29 disclosed trades without standard ticker symbol","explanation":"Rudy Yakym disclosed 29 transactions without a standard public-company ticker symbol — typically private equity stakes, hedge fund interests, real-estate LLCs, or other illiquid assets. Private-asset trades are harder to verify against public price data; they require investigation of the underlying fund / partnership, its investors, and any policy decisions affecting it.","evidence":[{"source":"private_asset_trader","totalTrades":29,"noTickerTrades":29}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"T000482":[{"id":"P10_T000482_hmhw0","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $1,199,975 / spent $1,171,950","explanation":"This member sponsors 3 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00787317","cmteName":"SPIKE PAC","year":"2022","totalReceipts":103000,"totalDisbursements":94081.9,"cashOnHand":8918.1},{"cmteId":"C00787317","cmteName":"SPIKE PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":943908.8,"totalDisbursements":936629.4,"cashOnHand":16197.53},{"cmteId":"C00787317","cmteName":"SPIKE PAC","year":"2026","totalReceipts":153066,"totalDisbursements":141238.2,"cashOnHand":28025.36}],"totalRaised":1199974.8,"totalSpent":1171949.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_T000482_z4xm7a","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $6,433,589 in itemized individual contributions, $3,939,259 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6433589,"buckets":{"$200 and under":65836,"$200.01-$499":284728,"$500-$999":755407,"$1000-$1999":1388359,"$2000 and over":3939259},"megaShare":61.2,"smallDonorShare":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000482_817g7d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$110,030 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 16.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $110,030 across 121 contributions — 16.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,755.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655647","date":"2018-06-30","amount":110030,"count":121,"baseline":6755,"ratio":16.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_mpjtg6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,400 donation spike on 2019-03-28 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-28 this committee recorded $73,400 across 43 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,437.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655647","date":"2019-03-28","amount":73400,"count":43,"baseline":6437,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_555zoh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,600 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $71,600 across 56 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,335.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655647","date":"2021-06-30","amount":71600,"count":56,"baseline":9335,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_mpnndz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,507 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $64,507 across 52 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,338.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655647","date":"2019-09-30","amount":64507,"count":52,"baseline":9338,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_815j8t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,000 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $64,000 across 54 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,355.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655647","date":"2018-03-31","amount":64000,"count":54,"baseline":7355,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_mplqeq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,975 donation spike on 2019-06-27 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-27 this committee recorded $58,975 across 51 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,629.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655647","date":"2019-06-27","amount":58975,"count":51,"baseline":6629,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_6mplde","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,850 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $55,850 across 35 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,963.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655647","date":"2017-12-31","amount":55850,"count":35,"baseline":6963,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_mplqer","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,100 donation spike on 2019-06-28 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-28 this committee recorded $52,100 across 44 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,408.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00655647","date":"2019-06-28","amount":52100,"count":44,"baseline":8408,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_z3m74q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$209,300 donation spike on 2024-08-12 — 18.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-12 this committee recorded $209,300 across 49 contributions — 18.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,271.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00787317","date":"2024-08-12","amount":209300,"count":49,"baseline":11271,"ratio":18.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00787317/"]},{"id":"P15_T000482_z37igh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$143,200 donation spike on 2024-10-01 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-01 this committee recorded $143,200 across 20 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,948.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00787317","date":"2024-10-01","amount":143200,"count":20,"baseline":18948,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00787317/"]},{"id":"P19_T000482_lqpw1j","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lori Trahan campaign paid $222,379 to 5 surname-matched vendors, top: MARTELLO, BENJAMIN J","explanation":"Lori Trahan's campaign paid 64 disbursements totaling $222,379 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTELLO, BENJAMIN J","total":103664.61,"count":39,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTELLO, BENJAMIN J","amount":5000,"date":"2018-11-01","description":"CONSULTANT FEE - MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"martello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MARTELLO, BENJAMIN J","amount":5000,"date":"2018-10-22","description":"CONSULTANT FEE - MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"martello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MARTELLO, BENJAMIN J","amount":4523.92,"date":"2013-07-30","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"martello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MARTELLO, BENJAMIN","total":66789.25000000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"MARTELLO, BENJAMIN","amount":6774.3,"date":"2018-01-02","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"martello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MARTELLO, BENJAMIN","amount":3549.84,"date":"2018-07-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"martello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MARTELLO, BENJAMIN","amount":3549.84,"date":"2018-05-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"martello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TRAHAN, CHANCE BRADFORD MR.","total":36144.17,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"TRAHAN, CHANCE BRADFORD MR.","amount":9374.84,"date":"2021-12-28","description":"EXPENDATURES","surnameMatched":"trahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"TRAHAN, CHANCE BRADFORD MR.","amount":7228.76,"date":"2022-03-29","description":"EXPENDATURES","surnameMatched":"trahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"TRAHAN, CHANCE BRADFORD MR.","amount":6676.77,"date":"2021-03-20","description":"OPERATIONS","surnameMatched":"trahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TRAHAN, ALBERT J","total":10181,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TRAHAN, ALBERT J","amount":10181,"date":"1990-10-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION REF TO INDIVIDUAL","surnameMatched":"trahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":1990}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TRAHAN, NATALIE","total":5600,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TRAHAN, NATALIE","amount":5600,"date":"2019-06-01","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"trahan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MARTELLO"]},{"id":"P61_T000482","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"24 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $171,600","explanation":"Lori Trahan received campaign contributions totaling $171,600 from 24 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 23 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: UNITE HERE! ($10,000); UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNI ($10,000); MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":24,"totalDollars":171600,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED FOOD AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION ACTIVE BALLOT CLUB","ldaClient":"UNITED FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"MEDICAL DEVICE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_T000482","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $110,030 on 2018-06-30 (16.3× normal)","explanation":"Lori Trahan's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $110,030 on 2018-06-30 — 16.3× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":183430,"maxRatio":16.3,"maxAmount":110030},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-06-30","amount":110030,"ratio":16.3,"baselineDaily":6755,"count":121,"cmteId":"C00655647","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00655647&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-03-28","amount":73400,"ratio":11.4,"baselineDaily":6437,"count":43,"cmteId":"C00655647","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00655647&min_date=2019-03-28&max_date=2019-03-28"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00655647/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00655647&min_date=2018-06-30&max_date=2018-06-30"]},{"id":"P86_T000482","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lori Trahan named in 3 public ethics-committee reports","explanation":"Lori Trahan appears as a named subject in 3 House Ethics Committee public reports. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin · Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":3,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Lori Trahan","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-12-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Lori Trahan","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-8-2/"},{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Lori Trahan","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-lori/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-12-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-8-2/","https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-lori/"]},{"id":"P90_T000482","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lori Trahan's campaign paid $46,325 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: TRAHAN, CHANCE BRADFORD MR. ($36,144)","explanation":"Lori Trahan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 6 payments totaling $46,325 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TRAHAN, CHANCE BRADFORD MR. ($36,144 across 5 payments, services: EXPENDATURES · OPERATIONS). Cycles covered: 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":46325.17,"paymentCount":6,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TRAHAN, CHANCE BRADFORD MR.","total":36144.17,"count":5,"descriptions":["EXPENDATURES","OPERATIONS"]},{"payee":"TRAHAN, ALBERT J","total":10181,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION REF TO INDIVIDUAL"]}],"surname":"trahan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8MA03106&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_T000482","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lori Trahan's PAC funding concentrates 37% in Technology ($0.06M / $0.17M classified)","explanation":"Lori Trahan's PAC donors concentrate 37% in the Technology industry — $0.06M of $0.17M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.06M · Labor $0.04M · Agriculture $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.17,"concentrationPct":36.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.06,"Labor":0.04,"Agriculture":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MA03106/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"K000402":[{"id":"P10_K000402_8nv8ew","pattern_type":"P10_LEADERSHIP_PAC_FLOW","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Runs leadership PAC(s) that raised $136,887 / spent $105,603","explanation":"This member sponsors 1 leadership PAC filing(s). Leadership PACs can accept larger donations than campaign committees and typically redistribute to other members — a loyalty-building channel adjacent to direct fundraising.","evidence":[{"source":"leadership_pac","pacs":[{"cmteId":"C00881698","cmteName":"REBUILD AMERICA PAC","year":"2024","totalReceipts":136887,"totalDisbursements":105602.9,"cashOnHand":31284.15}],"totalRaised":136887,"totalSpent":105602.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P11_K000402_9xwuap","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $3,092,212 in itemized individual contributions, $2,147,505 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3092212,"buckets":{"$200 and under":8200,"$200.01-$499":63985,"$500-$999":215302,"$1000-$1999":657220,"$2000 and over":2147505},"megaShare":69.4,"smallDonorShare":0.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_K000402_pf2xkn","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Timothy Kennedy campaign paid $10,481,327 to 23 surname-matched vendors, top: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","explanation":"Timothy Kennedy's campaign paid 81 disbursements totaling $10,481,327 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","total":3215833.6,"count":31,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":150000,"date":"2025-10-08","description":"INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":149574,"date":"2026-01-09","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","amount":140976,"date":"2005-12-09","description":"HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","amount":1000000,"date":"2005-06-30","description":"CHARITABLE DONATION","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","total":800000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","amount":800000,"date":"2018-05-14","description":"COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","total":799039.8399999999,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":173718.61,"date":"2024-11-04","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":164184.07,"date":"2024-10-11","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KENNEDY PRINTING CO., INC.","amount":149061.15,"date":"2024-10-04","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","total":661562,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":197784,"date":"2010-04-01","description":"MAILING","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":100000,"date":"2008-06-02","description":"INVOICE- COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS LLC","amount":87000,"date":"2014-10-28","description":"MAILPIECE","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","total":600000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","amount":600000,"date":"2018-05-22","description":"NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE","surnameMatched":"kennedy","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=KENNEDY%20COMMUNICATIONS"]},{"id":"P61_K000402","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $285,000","explanation":"Timothy Kennedy received campaign contributions totaling $285,000 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 32 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($20,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($20,000); GENERAL MILLS SERVICES INC. (FKA GENERAL MILLS) ($15,000); COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS ($15,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":285000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":20000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL MILLS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GENERAL MILLS SERVICES INC. (FKA GENERAL MILLS)","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS PAC","ldaClient":"COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS AND BROKERS","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":15000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_K000402","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Timothy Kennedy's campaign paid $6,463,178 to 11 surname-matched vendors — top: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS ($3,215,834)","explanation":"Timothy Kennedy's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 41 payments totaling $6,463,178 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS ($3,215,834 across 31 payments, services: INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER · DIRECT MAIL · HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING). Cycles covered: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6463178.3,"paymentCount":41,"payeeCount":11,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KENNEDY COMMUNICATIONS","total":3215833.6,"count":31,"descriptions":["INITIAL CONSULTING RETAINER","DIRECT MAIL","HOLIDAY CARD PRINTING"]},{"payee":"ROSE KENNEDY GREENWAY CONSERVANCY","total":1000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["CHARITABLE DONATION"]},{"payee":"TEACHERS FOR KENNEDY","total":800000,"count":1,"descriptions":["COMMITTEE CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"TEACHERS 4 KENNEDY","total":600000,"count":1,"descriptions":["NON-FEDERAL IE COMMITTEE"]},{"payee":"MARK KENNEDY '06","total":275087.56,"count":1,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET PROCEEDS"]}],"surname":"kennedy"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4NY26078&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P148_K000402","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy Kennedy's PAC funding concentrates 31% in Labor ($0.06M / $0.18M classified)","explanation":"Timothy Kennedy's PAC donors concentrate 31% in the Labor industry — $0.06M of $0.18M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Labor $0.06M · Real Estate $0.03M · Defense $0.02M · Transportation $0.01M · Oil & Gas $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Labor","topAmountM":0.06,"totalPacAmountM":0.18,"concentrationPct":30.6,"industryBreakdown":{"Labor":0.06,"Real Estate":0.03,"Defense":0.02,"Transportation":0.01,"Oil & Gas":0.01,"Legal":0.01,"Technology":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY26078/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"R000592":[{"id":"P11_R000592_jt8ct6","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"78% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -15%)","explanation":"Of $5,145,533 in itemized individual contributions, $4,039,004 (78%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5145533,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-757919,"$200.01-$499":199269,"$500-$999":464494,"$1000-$1999":1200685,"$2000 and over":4039004},"megaShare":78.5,"smallDonorShare":-14.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000592_y67n0f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$423,800 donation spike on 2018-07-02 — 20.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-07-02 this committee recorded $423,800 across 180 contributions — 20.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,347.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476192","date":"2018-07-02","amount":423800,"count":180,"baseline":20347,"ratio":20.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476192/"]},{"id":"P15_R000592_m6hhto","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$191,500 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $191,500 across 123 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,037.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476192","date":"2017-06-30","amount":191500,"count":123,"baseline":18037,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476192/"]},{"id":"P15_R000592_557ugm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,175 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $95,175 across 91 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,035.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476192","date":"2011-06-30","amount":95175,"count":91,"baseline":10035,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476192/"]},{"id":"P15_R000592_yigdk1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,900 donation spike on 2013-10-21 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-10-21 this committee recorded $89,900 across 91 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,513.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476192","date":"2013-10-21","amount":89900,"count":91,"baseline":9513,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476192/"]},{"id":"P15_R000592_m6fkv4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,200 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $65,200 across 44 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,305.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476192","date":"2017-03-31","amount":65200,"count":44,"baseline":7305,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476192/"]},{"id":"P15_R000592_m6yqgy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,450 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $58,450 across 38 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,770.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476192","date":"2017-12-31","amount":58450,"count":38,"baseline":8770,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476192/"]},{"id":"P15_R000592_y6a6w0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,650 donation spike on 2018-03-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-30 this committee recorded $52,650 across 31 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,988.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476192","date":"2018-03-30","amount":52650,"count":31,"baseline":7988,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476192/"]},{"id":"P138_R000592","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Todd Rokita draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.6M PAC / $10.8M total)","explanation":"Todd Rokita's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.6M of $10.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.63,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.79,"pacSharePct":33.6,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0IN04170"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IN04170/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"Q000024":[{"id":"P11_Q000024_ooh1jk","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"94% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -20%)","explanation":"Of $2,054,160 in itemized individual contributions, $1,938,771 (94%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2054160,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-411000,"$200.01-$499":51400,"$500-$999":145657,"$1000-$1999":329332,"$2000 and over":1938771},"megaShare":94.4,"smallDonorShare":-20}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_Q000024_t4khj9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$323,900 donation spike on 2012-09-24 — 17.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-24 this committee recorded $323,900 across 147 contributions — 17.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,827.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475863","date":"2012-09-24","amount":323900,"count":147,"baseline":18827,"ratio":17.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475863/"]},{"id":"P15_Q000024_t4gnmv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$131,305 donation spike on 2012-03-31 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-31 this committee recorded $131,305 across 130 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,657.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475863","date":"2012-03-31","amount":131305,"count":130,"baseline":17657,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475863/"]},{"id":"P15_Q000024_eglj0o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$127,796 donation spike on 2011-12-31 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-31 this committee recorded $127,796 across 80 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,222.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475863","date":"2011-12-31","amount":127796,"count":80,"baseline":12222,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475863/"]},{"id":"P15_Q000024_eg67bz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,950 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $52,950 across 43 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,952.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475863","date":"2011-09-30","amount":52950,"count":43,"baseline":7952,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475863/"]},{"id":"P15_Q000024_eg2de3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,750 donation spike on 2011-03-25 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-25 this committee recorded $51,750 across 31 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,625.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00475863","date":"2011-03-25","amount":51750,"count":31,"baseline":6625,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00475863/"]}],"D000613":[{"id":"P11_D000613_4bvcyw","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $8,755,357 in itemized individual contributions, $5,828,262 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":8755357,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-356882,"$200.01-$499":458015,"$500-$999":1019254,"$1000-$1999":1806708,"$2000 and over":5828262},"megaShare":66.6,"smallDonorShare":-4.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_D000613_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1387 employees of NONE gave $1,525,560 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 1387× NONE = $1,525,560. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":1387,"total":1525560,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000613_mfsm58","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126,385 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $126,385 across 104 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,998.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465971","date":"2016-06-30","amount":126385,"count":104,"baseline":10998,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465971/"]},{"id":"P15_D000613_osnzav","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,750 donation spike on 2011-06-29 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-29 this committee recorded $103,750 across 59 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,024.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465971","date":"2011-06-29","amount":103750,"count":59,"baseline":10024,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465971/"]},{"id":"P15_D000613_osnza9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,650 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $80,650 across 50 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,788.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465971","date":"2011-06-30","amount":80650,"count":50,"baseline":12788,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465971/"]},{"id":"P15_D000613_j8gydr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,350 donation spike on 2014-03-18 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-18 this committee recorded $72,350 across 39 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,850.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465971","date":"2014-03-18","amount":72350,"count":39,"baseline":10850,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465971/"]},{"id":"P15_D000613_a47s4d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,925 donation spike on 2012-09-25 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-25 this committee recorded $66,925 across 67 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,115.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465971","date":"2012-09-25","amount":66925,"count":67,"baseline":11115,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465971/"]},{"id":"P15_D000613_j8kscf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,952 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $63,952 across 59 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,019.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465971","date":"2014-09-30","amount":63952,"count":59,"baseline":9019,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465971/"]}],"S001182":[{"id":"P11_S001182_zdstfp","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $1,801,160 in itemized individual contributions, $1,096,125 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1801160,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-148750,"$200.01-$499":181780,"$500-$999":265979,"$1000-$1999":406026,"$2000 and over":1096125},"megaShare":60.9,"smallDonorShare":-8.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_S001182_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHILLING, Bobby voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1560,"date":"2012-12-05","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Expressing the sense of Congress regarding actions to preserve and advance the m"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1557,"date":"2012-12-04","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"American Energy Manufacturing Technical Corrections Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S001182","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert T. Schilling draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.1M PAC / $9.8M total)","explanation":"Robert T. Schilling's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.1M of $9.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.11,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.77,"pacSharePct":31.8,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H0IL17059"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IL17059/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S001182","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert T. Schilling has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert T. Schilling triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001182"]}],"H001054":[{"id":"P11_H001054_kugkwd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $2,884,663 in itemized individual contributions, $1,860,690 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2884663,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-229788,"$200.01-$499":206615,"$500-$999":393098,"$1000-$1999":654048,"$2000 and over":1860690},"megaShare":64.5,"smallDonorShare":-8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001054_gkzu14","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,450 donation spike on 2013-06-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-30 this committee recorded $96,450 across 50 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,829.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466490","date":"2013-06-30","amount":96450,"count":50,"baseline":9829,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466490/"]},{"id":"P15_H001054_gkxx2j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,200 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $85,200 across 58 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,302.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466490","date":"2013-09-30","amount":85200,"count":58,"baseline":12302,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466490/"]},{"id":"P15_H001054_1wngrn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,150 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 13.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $84,150 across 108 contributions — 13.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,229.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466490","date":"2014-03-31","amount":84150,"count":108,"baseline":6229,"ratio":13.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466490/"]},{"id":"P15_H001054_1wjmui","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,700 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $70,700 across 88 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,149.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466490","date":"2014-09-30","amount":70700,"count":88,"baseline":6149,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466490/"]},{"id":"P15_H001054_p3dkgj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,500 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $62,500 across 35 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,226.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466490","date":"2011-09-30","amount":62500,"count":35,"baseline":5226,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466490/"]},{"id":"P15_H001054_1wljt3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,750 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $54,750 across 54 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,033.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466490","date":"2014-06-30","amount":54750,"count":54,"baseline":5033,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466490/"]},{"id":"P174_H001054","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nan A. S. Hayworth has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Nan A. S. Hayworth triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001054"]}],"R000590":[{"id":"P11_R000590_kfu70j","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $426,700 in itemized individual contributions, $273,800 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":426700,"buckets":{"$200 and under":400,"$200.01-$499":16500,"$500-$999":49000,"$1000-$1999":87000,"$2000 and over":273800},"megaShare":64.2,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_R000590_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RIVERA, David voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1590,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To designate the facility of the Department of Veterans Affairs located at 9800 "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1589,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To name the Department of Veterans Affairs medical center in Spokane, Washington"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1585,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the conference report to accompany H.R. 4310, Nat"}],"citations":[]}],"M001183":[{"id":"P11_M001183_3h9tgd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"89% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -26%)","explanation":"Of $11,801,833 in itemized individual contributions, $10,491,837 (89%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":11801833,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-3064987,"$200.01-$499":379708,"$500-$999":1068366,"$1000-$1999":2926909,"$2000 and over":10491837},"megaShare":88.9,"smallDonorShare":-26}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M001183_5e0u95","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1276 employees of SELF-EMPLOYED gave $1,656,409 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 1276× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,656,409. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":1276,"total":1656409,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001183_3d7jyi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$407,050 donation spike on 2021-04-18 — 21.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-18 this committee recorded $407,050 across 221 contributions — 21.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,704.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00486563","date":"2021-04-18","amount":407050,"count":221,"baseline":18704,"ratio":21.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486563/"]},{"id":"P15_M001183_3dq2lm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$309,083 donation spike on 2021-12-26 — 16.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-26 this committee recorded $309,083 across 185 contributions — 16.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,006.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00486563","date":"2021-12-26","amount":309083,"count":185,"baseline":19006,"ratio":16.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486563/"]},{"id":"P15_M001183_i1mh7l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$290,660 donation spike on 2022-05-31 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-31 this committee recorded $290,660 across 105 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,465.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00486563","date":"2022-05-31","amount":290660,"count":105,"baseline":24465,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486563/"]},{"id":"P15_M001183_3d9gxq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$256,700 donation spike on 2021-07-20 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-07-20 this committee recorded $256,700 across 104 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,479.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00486563","date":"2021-07-20","amount":256700,"count":104,"baseline":28479,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486563/"]},{"id":"P15_M001183_i1nr46","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$136,008 donation spike on 2022-07-05 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-07-05 this committee recorded $136,008 across 68 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,170.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00486563","date":"2022-07-05","amount":136008,"count":68,"baseline":21170,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486563/"]},{"id":"P15_M001183_as2jti","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126,500 donation spike on 2012-01-24 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-01-24 this committee recorded $126,500 across 86 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,214.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00486563","date":"2012-01-24","amount":126500,"count":86,"baseline":15214,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486563/"]},{"id":"P15_M001183_8f22ri","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,125 donation spike on 2017-09-30 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-30 this committee recorded $115,125 across 75 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,929.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00486563","date":"2017-09-30","amount":115125,"count":75,"baseline":13929,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486563/"]},{"id":"P15_M001183_i1lu5m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,598 donation spike on 2022-04-06 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-04-06 this committee recorded $104,598 across 39 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,398.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00486563","date":"2022-04-06","amount":104598,"count":39,"baseline":15398,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00486563/"]},{"id":"P82_M001183_2013","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Manchin filed 2 amendments to the 2013 Senate annual disclosure — 5 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Joe Manchin's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2013 report alone, with 5 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2013,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":5,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5DD46CE9-16F9-4045-8158-8ED554F183C3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/8C7BB438-0D71-4395-B791-DEC2F5A3444E/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/5DD46CE9-16F9-4045-8158-8ED554F183C3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/8C7BB438-0D71-4395-B791-DEC2F5A3444E/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P198_M001183","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Manchin — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Joe Manchin has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001183","https://www.congress.gov/member/joe-manchin/M001183"]}],"P000449":[{"id":"P11_P000449_b7x5b0","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $23,433,229 in itemized individual contributions, $14,741,980 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":23433229,"buckets":{"$200 and under":435834,"$200.01-$499":906049,"$500-$999":2133797,"$1000-$1999":5215569,"$2000 and over":14741980},"megaShare":62.9,"smallDonorShare":1.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_P000449_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4304 employees of N/A gave $2,812,792 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4304× N/A = $2,812,792. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":4304,"total":2812792,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000449_hmabpd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$344,584 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $344,584 across 185 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $45,920.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458463","date":"2015-03-31","amount":344584,"count":185,"baseline":45920,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458463/"]},{"id":"P15_P000449_c9oc59","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$332,400 donation spike on 2021-03-27 — 26.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-27 this committee recorded $332,400 across 136 contributions — 26.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,497.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458463","date":"2021-03-27","amount":332400,"count":136,"baseline":12497,"ratio":26.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458463/"]},{"id":"P15_P000449_bq0d4t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$311,626 donation spike on 2013-10-20 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-10-20 this committee recorded $311,626 across 152 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,147.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458463","date":"2013-10-20","amount":311626,"count":152,"baseline":25147,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458463/"]},{"id":"P15_P000449_c9oc4k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$284,050 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $284,050 across 117 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $33,118.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458463","date":"2021-03-31","amount":284050,"count":117,"baseline":33118,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458463/"]},{"id":"P15_P000449_hmabnu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$208,125 donation spike on 2015-03-18 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-18 this committee recorded $208,125 across 144 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,249.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458463","date":"2015-03-18","amount":208125,"count":144,"baseline":28249,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458463/"]},{"id":"P15_P000449_c9oc57","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$197,200 donation spike on 2021-03-29 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-29 this committee recorded $197,200 across 77 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,240.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458463","date":"2021-03-29","amount":197200,"count":77,"baseline":19240,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458463/"]},{"id":"P15_P000449_c956kh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$169,550 donation spike on 2021-12-10 — 15.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-10 this committee recorded $169,550 across 68 contributions — 15.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,699.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458463","date":"2021-12-10","amount":169550,"count":68,"baseline":10699,"ratio":15.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458463/"]},{"id":"P15_P000449_hms7bf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$162,115 donation spike on 2015-10-26 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-10-26 this committee recorded $162,115 across 119 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,297.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458463","date":"2015-10-26","amount":162115,"count":119,"baseline":23297,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458463/"]},{"id":"P29_P000449_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PORTMAN, Robert Jones (Rob) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Colette Dodson Honorable, of Arkansas, to be a Member of the Federal Energy Regu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Daniel J. Santos, of Virginia, to be a Member of the Defense Nuclear Facilities "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Vivek Hallegere Murthy, of Massachusetts, to be Medical Director in the Regular "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":646,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Vivek Hallegere Murthy, of Massachusetts, to be Medical Director in the Regular "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_P000449","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rob Portman ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.3M across 11 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Rob Portman's FEC-bulk record shows $19.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 11 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $91.4M (PAC: $19.3M, individual: $62.4M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.28,"lifetimeReceiptsM":91.39,"lifetimeIndividualM":62.42,"cycleCount":11,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S0OH00133"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0OH00133/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_P000449","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rob Portman ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $91M across 11 cycles","explanation":"Rob Portman's FEC-bulk record shows $91.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 11 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":91.39,"cycleCount":11,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0OH00133"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0OH00133/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_P000449","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rob Portman — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Rob Portman has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000449","https://www.congress.gov/member/rob-portman/P000449"]}],"L000574":[{"id":"P11_L000574_z6868g","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"80% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $1,903,966 in itemized individual contributions, $1,515,287 (80%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1903966,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-85900,"$200.01-$499":54614,"$500-$999":99056,"$1000-$1999":320909,"$2000 and over":1515287},"megaShare":79.6,"smallDonorShare":-4.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000574","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeffrey M. Landry has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jeffrey M. Landry triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000574"]}],"B001272":[{"id":"P11_B001272_6r13dd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"85% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -21%)","explanation":"Of $3,710,374 in itemized individual contributions, $3,139,060 (85%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3710374,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-772390,"$200.01-$499":167220,"$500-$999":368411,"$1000-$1999":808073,"$2000 and over":3139060},"megaShare":84.6,"smallDonorShare":-20.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001272_n193az","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$173,000 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $173,000 across 117 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,785.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2011-09-30","amount":173000,"count":117,"baseline":18785,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]},{"id":"P15_B001272_8cyn03","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$168,525 donation spike on 2012-03-31 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-31 this committee recorded $168,525 across 90 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,430.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2012-03-31","amount":168525,"count":90,"baseline":17430,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]},{"id":"P15_B001272_n1adas","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$132,478 donation spike on 2011-07-24 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-07-24 this committee recorded $132,478 across 129 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,225.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2011-07-24","amount":132478,"count":129,"baseline":16225,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]},{"id":"P15_B001272_8cut2y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$117,850 donation spike on 2012-09-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-30 this committee recorded $117,850 across 101 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,971.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2012-09-30","amount":117850,"count":101,"baseline":15971,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]},{"id":"P15_B001272_n1b09k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,800 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $98,800 across 44 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,693.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2011-06-30","amount":98800,"count":44,"baseline":12693,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]},{"id":"P15_B001272_8cyn0q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,700 donation spike on 2012-03-29 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-29 this committee recorded $81,700 across 47 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,645.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2012-03-29","amount":81700,"count":47,"baseline":11645,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]},{"id":"P15_B001272_8cut4m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,700 donation spike on 2012-09-12 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-12 this committee recorded $80,700 across 36 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,505.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2012-09-12","amount":80700,"count":36,"baseline":10505,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]},{"id":"P15_B001272_8cut3o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,450 donation spike on 2012-09-25 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-25 this committee recorded $74,450 across 50 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,699.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2012-09-25","amount":74450,"count":50,"baseline":11699,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]},{"id":"P15_B001272_8cxd1s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,750 donation spike on 2012-05-25 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-25 this committee recorded $62,750 across 70 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,942.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496703","date":"2012-05-25","amount":62750,"count":70,"baseline":9942,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496703/"]}],"H001055":[{"id":"P11_H001055_arc440","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"77% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -13%)","explanation":"Of $9,813,483 in itemized individual contributions, $7,583,338 (77%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":9813483,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1280209,"$200.01-$499":599225,"$500-$999":1027393,"$1000-$1999":1883736,"$2000 and over":7583338},"megaShare":77.3,"smallDonorShare":-13}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001055_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3822 employees of RETIRED gave $1,445,781 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3822× RETIRED = $1,445,781. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":3822,"total":1445781,"years":["2015","2016"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001055_mf3aqo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,250 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $124,250 across 89 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,658.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468421","date":"2015-06-30","amount":124250,"count":89,"baseline":16658,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468421/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_yqo4s9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,900 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $80,900 across 70 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,176.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468421","date":"2011-09-30","amount":80900,"count":70,"baseline":9176,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468421/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_lm1myu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,200 donation spike on 2012-09-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-30 this committee recorded $74,200 across 81 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,378.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468421","date":"2012-09-30","amount":74200,"count":81,"baseline":9378,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468421/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_7qn3k3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,500 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $64,500 across 66 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,495.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468421","date":"2014-03-31","amount":64500,"count":66,"baseline":6495,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468421/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_mf1ds4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,350 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $62,350 across 46 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,091.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468421","date":"2015-03-31","amount":62350,"count":46,"baseline":10091,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468421/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_6xncqt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,350 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $60,350 across 73 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,264.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468421","date":"2013-09-30","amount":60350,"count":73,"baseline":5264,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468421/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_7qqxh8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,800 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $55,800 across 74 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,339.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468421","date":"2014-09-30","amount":55800,"count":74,"baseline":6339,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468421/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_7qn3je","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,900 donation spike on 2014-03-27 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-27 this committee recorded $53,900 across 80 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,567.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468421","date":"2014-03-27","amount":53900,"count":80,"baseline":4567,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468421/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_biip9m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$302,762 donation spike on 2016-09-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-30 this committee recorded $302,762 across 284 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $42,100.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00580688","date":"2016-09-30","amount":302762,"count":284,"baseline":42100,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580688/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_bievch","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$178,642 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $178,642 across 209 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,684.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00580688","date":"2016-03-31","amount":178642,"count":209,"baseline":24684,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580688/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_35vkz6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$114,080 donation spike on 2015-09-24 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-24 this committee recorded $114,080 across 69 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,478.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00580688","date":"2015-09-24","amount":114080,"count":69,"baseline":17478,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580688/"]},{"id":"P15_H001055_bie8c4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,421 donation spike on 2016-02-22 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-02-22 this committee recorded $102,421 across 85 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,747.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00580688","date":"2016-02-22","amount":102421,"count":85,"baseline":13747,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580688/"]}],"C000542":[{"id":"P11_C000542_j087kz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $732,126 in itemized individual contributions, $479,900 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":732126,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-36350,"$200.01-$499":20276,"$500-$999":118750,"$1000-$1999":149550,"$2000 and over":479900},"megaShare":65.5,"smallDonorShare":-5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C000542_9k04wq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109,950 donation spike on 2015-05-13 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-05-13 this committee recorded $109,950 across 54 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,048.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476374","date":"2015-05-13","amount":109950,"count":54,"baseline":9048,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476374/"]},{"id":"P29_C000542_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COATS, Daniel Ray voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]}],"L000572":[{"id":"P11_L000572_n8sutk","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $2,363,961 in itemized individual contributions, $1,522,900 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2363961,"buckets":{"$200 and under":2400,"$200.01-$499":111810,"$500-$999":313113,"$1000-$1999":413738,"$2000 and over":1522900},"megaShare":64.4,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000572_20aypa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$378,650 donation spike on 2012-07-19 — 20.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-07-19 this committee recorded $378,650 across 170 contributions — 20.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,400.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494971","date":"2012-07-19","amount":378650,"count":170,"baseline":18400,"ratio":20.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494971/"]},{"id":"P15_L000572_co3ygt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$356,750 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $356,750 across 279 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,741.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494971","date":"2011-06-30","amount":356750,"count":279,"baseline":28741,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494971/"]},{"id":"P15_L000572_co21i8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$209,850 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $209,850 across 182 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,431.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494971","date":"2011-09-30","amount":209850,"count":182,"baseline":24431,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494971/"]},{"id":"P15_L000572_cnmptj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$155,818 donation spike on 2011-12-31 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-31 this committee recorded $155,818 across 121 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,181.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494971","date":"2011-12-31","amount":155818,"count":121,"baseline":12181,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494971/"]},{"id":"P15_L000572_208eso","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$137,783 donation spike on 2012-03-31 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-31 this committee recorded $137,783 across 148 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,218.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494971","date":"2012-03-31","amount":137783,"count":148,"baseline":16218,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494971/"]},{"id":"P15_L000572_co4liu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,550 donation spike on 2011-05-03 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-05-03 this committee recorded $102,550 across 67 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,177.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494971","date":"2011-05-03","amount":102550,"count":67,"baseline":13177,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494971/"]},{"id":"P29_L000572_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEMIEUX, George S. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2010-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Ellen Lipton Hollander, of Maryland, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2010-12-13","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":659,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"A resolution impeaching G. Thomas Porteous, Jr., judge of the United States Dist"}],"citations":[]}],"W000811":[{"id":"P11_W000811_w593f8","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $1,152,285 in itemized individual contributions, $790,900 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1152285,"buckets":{"$200 and under":700,"$200.01-$499":59283,"$500-$999":103350,"$1000-$1999":198052,"$2000 and over":790900},"megaShare":68.6,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000811_qahmuf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$138,750 donation spike on 2012-06-30 — 17.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-30 this committee recorded $138,750 across 56 contributions — 17.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,063.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473579","date":"2012-06-30","amount":138750,"count":56,"baseline":8063,"ratio":17.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473579/"]},{"id":"P15_W000811_bm1fnu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,893 donation spike on 2011-03-31 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-31 this committee recorded $94,893 across 54 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,579.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473579","date":"2011-03-31","amount":94893,"count":54,"baseline":9579,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473579/"]},{"id":"P15_W000811_bm59kz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,650 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $68,650 across 40 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,098.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473579","date":"2011-09-30","amount":68650,"count":40,"baseline":7098,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473579/"]},{"id":"P15_W000811_bm3cme","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,750 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $57,750 across 49 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,821.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473579","date":"2011-06-30","amount":57750,"count":49,"baseline":8821,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473579/"]},{"id":"P29_W000811_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WALSH, Joe voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1576,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To reauthorize certain programs under the Public Health Service Act and the Fede"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1572,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Small Business Investment Company Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000811","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Walsh has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Joe Walsh triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000811"]},{"id":"P195_W000811","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Walsh — DW-NOMINATE 0.71 vs IL delegation mean -0.09 (2.1σ outlier)","explanation":"Joe Walsh's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.71) is 2.1 standard deviations from the IL delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IL","memberScore":0.708,"delegationMean":-0.09283749999999999,"zscore":"2.06"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"A000367":[{"id":"P11_A000367_8h5wjn","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -3%)","explanation":"Of $4,860,928 in itemized individual contributions, $3,381,507 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4860928,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-136991,"$200.01-$499":342784,"$500-$999":458401,"$1000-$1999":815227,"$2000 and over":3381507},"megaShare":69.6,"smallDonorShare":-2.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000367_qvghfq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,900 donation spike on 2020-08-05 — 27.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-05 this committee recorded $148,900 across 55 contributions — 27.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,497.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476291","date":"2020-08-05","amount":148900,"count":55,"baseline":5497,"ratio":27.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476291/"]},{"id":"P15_A000367_bnxdqg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,850 donation spike on 2013-06-30 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-30 this committee recorded $87,850 across 48 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,640.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476291","date":"2013-06-30","amount":87850,"count":48,"baseline":7640,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476291/"]},{"id":"P15_A000367_5dti9w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,530 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $63,530 across 96 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,146.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476291","date":"2019-12-31","amount":63530,"count":96,"baseline":8146,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476291/"]},{"id":"P15_A000367_vu4niu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,230 donation spike on 2024-08-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-30 this committee recorded $63,230 across 21 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,326.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476291","date":"2024-08-30","amount":63230,"count":21,"baseline":7326,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476291/"]},{"id":"P15_A000367_bnvgrv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,800 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $59,800 across 54 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,694.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476291","date":"2013-09-30","amount":59800,"count":54,"baseline":7694,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476291/"]},{"id":"P15_A000367_u0g0r7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,550 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $53,550 across 27 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,769.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476291","date":"2011-09-30","amount":53550,"count":27,"baseline":5769,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476291/"]},{"id":"P15_A000367_vu40ik","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,676 donation spike on 2024-07-24 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-07-24 this committee recorded $50,676 across 90 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,276.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476291","date":"2024-07-24","amount":50676,"count":90,"baseline":5276,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476291/"]},{"id":"P29_A000367_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MI R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"AMASH, Justin voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P195_A000367","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Justin Amash — DW-NOMINATE 0.65 vs MI delegation mean -0.02 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Justin Amash's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.65) is 1.6 standard deviations from the MI delegation mean (-0.02). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MI","memberScore":0.654,"delegationMean":-0.01998305084745762,"zscore":"1.63"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H001053":[{"id":"P11_H001053_y4p14s","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -3%)","explanation":"Of $6,670,946 in itemized individual contributions, $4,541,570 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6670946,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-205483,"$200.01-$499":341032,"$500-$999":672452,"$1000-$1999":1321375,"$2000 and over":4541570},"megaShare":68.1,"smallDonorShare":-3.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001053_31d8ig","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$202,105 donation spike on 2022-09-14 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-14 this committee recorded $202,105 across 86 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,789.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464602","date":"2022-09-14","amount":202105,"count":86,"baseline":20789,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464602/"]},{"id":"P15_H001053_31d8j9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$196,775 donation spike on 2022-09-06 — 19.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-06 this committee recorded $196,775 across 88 contributions — 19.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,140.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464602","date":"2022-09-06","amount":196775,"count":88,"baseline":10140,"ratio":19.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464602/"]},{"id":"P15_H001053_31d8ii","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$187,665 donation spike on 2022-09-12 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-12 this committee recorded $187,665 across 73 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,344.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464602","date":"2022-09-12","amount":187665,"count":73,"baseline":14344,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464602/"]},{"id":"P15_H001053_31fsex","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,638 donation spike on 2022-05-31 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-31 this committee recorded $76,638 across 61 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,501.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464602","date":"2022-05-31","amount":76638,"count":61,"baseline":9501,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464602/"]},{"id":"P15_H001053_hpriov","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,075 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $70,075 across 39 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,676.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464602","date":"2021-09-30","amount":70075,"count":39,"baseline":7676,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464602/"]},{"id":"P15_H001053_h6p98s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,350 donation spike on 2013-03-29 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-29 this committee recorded $67,350 across 43 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,900.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464602","date":"2013-03-29","amount":67350,"count":43,"baseline":6900,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464602/"]},{"id":"P15_H001053_31hpf4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,800 donation spike on 2022-02-15 — 14.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-15 this committee recorded $63,800 across 49 contributions — 14.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,480.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464602","date":"2022-02-15","amount":63800,"count":49,"baseline":4480,"ratio":14.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464602/"]},{"id":"P174_H001053","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vicky Hartzler has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Vicky Hartzler triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001053"]},{"id":"P198_H001053","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vicky Hartzler — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Vicky Hartzler has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H001053","https://www.congress.gov/member/vicky-hartzler/H001053"]}],"M000481":[{"id":"P11_M000481_izob7q","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $742,650 in itemized individual contributions, $451,000 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":742650,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-40400,"$200.01-$499":54350,"$500-$999":93200,"$1000-$1999":184500,"$2000 and over":451000},"megaShare":60.7,"smallDonorShare":-5.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M000481_jky5cc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,250 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $62,250 across 73 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,786.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00500173","date":"2011-09-30","amount":62250,"count":73,"baseline":9786,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00500173/"]},{"id":"P29_M000481_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McINTOSH, David Martin voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"P000602":[{"id":"P11_P000602_kvlfgm","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $2,862,703 in itemized individual contributions, $1,886,400 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2862703,"buckets":{"$200 and under":2440,"$200.01-$499":68882,"$500-$999":284550,"$1000-$1999":620431,"$2000 and over":1886400},"megaShare":65.9,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000602_pyqq7h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,550 donation spike on 2013-08-14 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-08-14 this committee recorded $100,550 across 54 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,978.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460402","date":"2013-08-14","amount":100550,"count":54,"baseline":9978,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460402/"]},{"id":"P15_P000602_pyqq7e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,600 donation spike on 2013-08-11 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-08-11 this committee recorded $66,600 across 26 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,562.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460402","date":"2013-08-11","amount":66600,"count":26,"baseline":6562,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460402/"]},{"id":"P15_P000602_pyqq6o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,800 donation spike on 2013-08-06 — 17.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-08-06 this committee recorded $63,800 across 27 contributions — 17.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,596.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460402","date":"2013-08-06","amount":63800,"count":27,"baseline":3596,"ratio":17.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460402/"]},{"id":"P15_P000602_ue1lhm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,450 donation spike on 2014-04-18 — 14.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-04-18 this committee recorded $51,450 across 40 contributions — 14.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,560.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460402","date":"2014-04-18","amount":51450,"count":40,"baseline":3560,"ratio":14.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460402/"]},{"id":"P138_P000602","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Pompeo draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.5M PAC / $16.4M total)","explanation":"Mike Pompeo's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.5M of $16.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.4,"pacSharePct":39.4,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H0KS04051"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0KS04051/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_P000602","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Pompeo has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mike Pompeo triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000602"]}],"B001270":[{"id":"P11_B001270_manuyf","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $2,566,181 in itemized individual contributions, $1,698,717 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2566181,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-54845,"$200.01-$499":137881,"$500-$999":290259,"$1000-$1999":494169,"$2000 and over":1698717},"megaShare":66.2,"smallDonorShare":-2.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001270_u39e9e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$157,050 donation spike on 2021-11-26 — 24.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-26 this committee recorded $157,050 across 58 contributions — 24.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,365.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476523","date":"2021-11-26","amount":157050,"count":58,"baseline":6365,"ratio":24.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476523/"]},{"id":"P29_B001270_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BASS, Karen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":11,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1156,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":2,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001270","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Karen Bass draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.0M PAC / $14.3M total)","explanation":"Karen Bass's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.0M of $14.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.25,"pacSharePct":42.4,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H0CA33117"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA33117/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001270","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Karen Bass has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Karen Bass triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001270"]}],"S000189":[{"id":"P11_S000189_l7az2p","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $5,427,861 in itemized individual contributions, $3,509,872 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5427861,"buckets":{"$200 and under":102106,"$200.01-$499":315518,"$500-$999":482590,"$1000-$1999":1017775,"$2000 and over":3509872},"megaShare":64.7,"smallDonorShare":1.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S000189_rmox19","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,050 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $87,050 across 61 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,968.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463687","date":"2011-06-30","amount":87050,"count":61,"baseline":7968,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463687/"]},{"id":"P15_S000189_geg0oa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,050 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $72,050 across 45 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,560.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463687","date":"2014-03-31","amount":72050,"count":45,"baseline":8560,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463687/"]},{"id":"P15_S000189_1q1qfk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,200 donation spike on 2013-03-27 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-27 this committee recorded $63,200 across 35 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,567.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463687","date":"2013-03-27","amount":63200,"count":35,"baseline":8567,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463687/"]},{"id":"P15_S000189_v2uauq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,400 donation spike on 2015-03-16 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-16 this committee recorded $57,400 across 39 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,448.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463687","date":"2015-03-16","amount":57400,"count":39,"baseline":5448,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463687/"]},{"id":"P15_S000189_p9u6y8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,700 donation spike on 2016-05-04 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-05-04 this committee recorded $55,700 across 22 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,836.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463687","date":"2016-05-04","amount":55700,"count":22,"baseline":6836,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463687/"]},{"id":"P15_S000189_1752ac","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,650 donation spike on 2019-12-15 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-15 this committee recorded $66,650 across 28 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,969.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00711341","date":"2019-12-15","amount":66650,"count":28,"baseline":5969,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00711341/"]},{"id":"P174_S000189","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Lloyd Scott has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"William Lloyd Scott triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000189"]},{"id":"P200_S000189","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Lloyd Scott — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"William Lloyd Scott began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000189","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-lloyd-scott/S000189"]}],"H001041":[{"id":"P11_H001041_u1j8bi","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -11%)","explanation":"Of $13,236,861 in itemized individual contributions, $9,847,679 (74%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":13236861,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1428152,"$200.01-$499":659215,"$500-$999":1420707,"$1000-$1999":2737412,"$2000 and over":9847679},"megaShare":74.4,"smallDonorShare":-10.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_H001041_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5985 employees of RETIRED gave $2,011,455 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5985× RETIRED = $2,011,455. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":5985,"total":2011455,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001041_hojbud","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$270,432 donation spike on 2018-05-23 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-23 this committee recorded $270,432 across 213 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,316.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2018-05-23","amount":270432,"count":213,"baseline":22316,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P15_H001041_303ro3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$258,800 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $258,800 across 130 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,345.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2017-03-31","amount":258800,"count":130,"baseline":28345,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P15_H001041_holvt9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$242,892 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $242,892 across 488 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,204.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2018-09-30","amount":242892,"count":488,"baseline":26204,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P15_H001041_n8ej2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$242,550 donation spike on 2012-03-31 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-31 this committee recorded $242,550 across 254 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,235.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2012-03-31","amount":242550,"count":254,"baseline":21235,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P15_H001041_hojbue","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$200,410 donation spike on 2018-05-24 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-24 this committee recorded $200,410 across 127 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $29,225.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2018-05-24","amount":200410,"count":127,"baseline":29225,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P15_H001041_303rna","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$199,800 donation spike on 2017-03-23 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-23 this committee recorded $199,800 across 118 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,010.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2017-03-23","amount":199800,"count":118,"baseline":19010,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P15_H001041_e15voz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$196,350 donation spike on 2011-03-31 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-31 this committee recorded $196,350 across 122 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,261.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2011-03-31","amount":196350,"count":122,"baseline":26261,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P15_H001041_30mx9x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$173,025 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $173,025 across 131 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,179.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2017-12-31","amount":173025,"count":131,"baseline":17179,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P15_H001041_e121ru","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150,100 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $150,100 across 148 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,854.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494229","date":"2011-09-30","amount":150100,"count":148,"baseline":21854,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494229/"]},{"id":"P17_H001041_GE_2018-09-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-09-24 and 2018-09-27, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-09-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001041","name":"Dean Heller"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"}],"span":"2018-09-24 to 2018-09-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001041_GE_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-11-05, 4 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-10-30","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"H001041","name":"Dean Heller"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_H001041_GE_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"H001041","name":"Dean Heller"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_H001041_128tgn","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Dean Heller sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Real Estate and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2018-09-17","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_H001041","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Dean Heller sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Real Estate and actively trades in Finance, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Real Estate"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":10},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_H001041","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 16 total findings","explanation":"Dean Heller has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":16,"highSeverityCount":3,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P65_H001041_2018-12-06","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"29 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-12-06 — 29 unique tickers","explanation":"Dean Heller executed 29 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-12-06 to 2018-12-06), spanning 29 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-12-06","windowEnd":"2018-12-06","tradeCount":29,"uniqueTickers":29,"totalDisclosedTrades":69,"sampleTickers":["PRU","SPY","BHGE","CAT","ZBH","FWONK","AAPL","GE","BUD","GOOGL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_H001041","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dean Heller executed 4 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ZBH (29d apart)","explanation":"Dean Heller has 4 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ZBH 2018-11-07 → 2018-12-06 (29d) · BUY→SELL BUD 2018-11-14 → 2018-12-06 (22d) · BUY→SELL BMY 2018-11-09 → 2018-12-06 (27d) · BUY→SELL DANOY 2018-11-12 → 2018-12-06 (24d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":4,"samples":[{"ticker":"ZBH","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-07","date2":"2018-12-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BUD","days":22,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-14","date2":"2018-12-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-09","date2":"2018-12-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DANOY","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-12","date2":"2018-12-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_H001041_2018-12-06","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dean Heller — 29 trades on 2018-12-06","explanation":"Dean Heller disclosed 29 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-12-06). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-12-06","count":29}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_H001041","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dean Heller — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (69/69)","explanation":"Dean Heller's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":69,"atBracket":69,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_H001041","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dean Heller — 44 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Dean Heller has traded 44 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":44,"sample":["PRU","SPY","BHGE","CAT","ZBH","FWONK","AAPL","GE","BUD","GOOGL"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000576":[{"id":"P11_L000576_67rpyg","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $3,851,029 in itemized individual contributions, $2,692,704 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3851029,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-42575,"$200.01-$499":128849,"$500-$999":302500,"$1000-$1999":769551,"$2000 and over":2692704},"megaShare":69.9,"smallDonorShare":-1.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000576_sf5bfk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,700 donation spike on 2022-08-23 — 18.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-23 this committee recorded $102,700 across 38 contributions — 18.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,591.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460063","date":"2022-08-23","amount":102700,"count":38,"baseline":5591,"ratio":18.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460063/"]},{"id":"P15_L000576_sf4ohm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,300 donation spike on 2022-09-08 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-08 this committee recorded $91,300 across 35 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,259.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460063","date":"2022-09-08","amount":91300,"count":35,"baseline":10259,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460063/"]},{"id":"P15_L000576_flx2b2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,200 donation spike on 2025-01-16 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-01-16 this committee recorded $82,200 across 29 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,272.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460063","date":"2025-01-16","amount":82200,"count":29,"baseline":13272,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460063/"]},{"id":"P70_L000576","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Officer at Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, IL","explanation":"Billy Long's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, IL (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2016 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, IL","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_L000576","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$261,375 in outside earned income — top source: NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($$179,550.00)","explanation":"Billy Long's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $261,375 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 4 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($179,550.00, Self-Employment Income); NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($58,500.00, Self-Employment Income); NUSA ERF Arlington, VA ($16,125.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":261375,"count":4,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina","amount":"$179,550.00","amountNumeric":179550},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina","amount":"$58,500.00","amountNumeric":58500},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"NUSA ERF Arlington, VA","amount":"$16,125.00","amountNumeric":16125},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"ACTA Washington, D.C.","amount":"$7,200.00","amountNumeric":7200}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P103_L000576_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Billy Long holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2025 PFD — top: Officer · Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville,","explanation":"Billy Long's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Officer · Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, IL","entityType":"Company","dates":"Jan 2016 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P147_L000576_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Billy Long's 2025 PFD reports earned income $262K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina)","explanation":"Billy Long's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $262,375 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Self-Employment Income from NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($179,550.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($58,500.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from NW Digital New York, ($1,000.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from ACTA Washington, D.C. ($7,200.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":262375,"earnedIncomeK":262,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina","amount":"$179,550.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina","amount":"$58,500.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"NW Digital New York, NY","amount":"$1,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"ACTA Washington, D.C.","amount":"$7,200.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"NUSA ERF Arlington, VA","amount":"$16,125.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P173_L000576_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Billy Long's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Billy Long's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P198_L000576","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Billy Long — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Billy Long has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000576","https://www.congress.gov/member/billy-long/L000576"]}],"F000458":[{"id":"P11_F000458_8ysh6b","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $4,972,375 in itemized individual contributions, $4,096,166 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4972375,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-259496,"$200.01-$499":110529,"$500-$999":274176,"$1000-$1999":751000,"$2000 and over":4096166},"megaShare":82.4,"smallDonorShare":-5.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000458_izj8fk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,351,866 donation spike on 2018-03-01 — 19× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-01 this committee recorded $1,351,866 across 651 contributions — 19× the 30-day trailing daily average of $71,267.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466854","date":"2018-03-01","amount":1351866,"count":651,"baseline":71267,"ratio":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466854/"]},{"id":"P15_F000458_xnecz7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$405,251 donation spike on 2017-12-30 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-30 this committee recorded $405,251 across 189 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $42,219.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466854","date":"2017-12-30","amount":405251,"count":189,"baseline":42219,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466854/"]},{"id":"P15_F000458_kbyszm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,319 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $89,319 across 130 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,479.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466854","date":"2011-06-30","amount":89319,"count":130,"baseline":12479,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466854/"]},{"id":"P15_F000458_lceli0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,800 donation spike on 2013-03-31 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-31 this committee recorded $86,800 across 22 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,516.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466854","date":"2013-03-31","amount":86800,"count":22,"baseline":10516,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466854/"]},{"id":"P15_F000458_xnezyq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,750 donation spike on 2017-11-30 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-11-30 this committee recorded $86,750 across 44 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,224.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466854","date":"2017-11-30","amount":86750,"count":44,"baseline":11224,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466854/"]},{"id":"P15_F000458_lceljp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,100 donation spike on 2013-03-12 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-12 this committee recorded $70,100 across 43 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,007.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466854","date":"2013-03-12","amount":70100,"count":43,"baseline":8007,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466854/"]},{"id":"P15_F000458_6o0b9z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,184 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $57,184 across 51 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,939.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466854","date":"2014-03-31","amount":57184,"count":51,"baseline":7939,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466854/"]},{"id":"P138_F000458","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen Lee Fincher draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.4M PAC / $14.9M total)","explanation":"Stephen Lee Fincher's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.4M of $14.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.38,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.94,"pacSharePct":36,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0TN08246"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TN08246/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000272":[{"id":"P11_G000272_js2upn","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $5,122,555 in itemized individual contributions, $3,558,530 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5122555,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-194858,"$200.01-$499":168906,"$500-$999":423507,"$1000-$1999":1166470,"$2000 and over":3558530},"megaShare":69.5,"smallDonorShare":-3.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000272_a2eidv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,524 donation spike on 2021-08-19 — 18.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-19 this committee recorded $139,524 across 116 contributions — 18.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,511.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00592659","date":"2021-08-19","amount":139524,"count":116,"baseline":7511,"ratio":18.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00592659/"]},{"id":"P15_G000272_cyeoyk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,709 donation spike on 2018-06-29 — 15.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-29 this committee recorded $88,709 across 45 contributions — 15.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,601.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00592659","date":"2018-06-29","amount":88709,"count":45,"baseline":5601,"ratio":15.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00592659/"]},{"id":"P15_G000272_a2eien","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,791 donation spike on 2021-08-26 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-26 this committee recorded $84,791 across 64 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,535.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00592659","date":"2021-08-26","amount":84791,"count":64,"baseline":10535,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00592659/"]},{"id":"P15_G000272_295onh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,850 donation spike on 2025-06-24 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-24 this committee recorded $66,850 across 32 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,982.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00592659","date":"2025-06-24","amount":66850,"count":32,"baseline":7982,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00592659/"]},{"id":"P15_G000272_or7haz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,560 donation spike on 2022-10-17 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-10-17 this committee recorded $54,560 across 43 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,531.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00592659","date":"2022-10-17","amount":54560,"count":43,"baseline":8531,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00592659/"]},{"id":"P174_G000272","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry B. Gonzalez has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Henry B. Gonzalez triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000272"]},{"id":"P185_G000272","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Henry B. Gonzalez — served 19 Congresses (~38 years)","explanation":"Henry B. Gonzalez served 19 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 38 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":19,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000272","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-b-gonzalez/G000272"]},{"id":"P200_G000272","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry B. Gonzalez — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–105)","explanation":"Henry B. Gonzalez began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":19}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000272","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-b-gonzalez/G000272"]}],"S000579":[{"id":"P11_S000579_oett20","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"93% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $19,145,048 in itemized individual contributions, $17,801,571 (93%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":19145048,"buckets":{"$200 and under":54370,"$200.01-$499":310694,"$500-$999":375655,"$1000-$1999":602758,"$2000 and over":17801571},"megaShare":93,"smallDonorShare":0.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_S000579_5e0u95","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"56 employees of SELF-EMPLOYED gave $16,203,850 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 56× SELF-EMPLOYED = $16,203,850. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":56,"total":16203850,"years":["2011","2012","2013"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S000579_nnwdk8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$11,200,000 donation spike on 2012-11-25 — 26.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-11-25 this committee recorded $11,200,000 across 2 contributions — 26.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $420,621.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501189","date":"2012-11-25","amount":11200000,"count":2,"baseline":420621,"ratio":26.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501189/"]},{"id":"P15_S000579_nnf4w2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$4,725,000 donation spike on 2012-05-13 — 27.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-13 this committee recorded $4,725,000 across 2 contributions — 27.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $170,717.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501189","date":"2012-05-13","amount":4725000,"count":2,"baseline":170717,"ratio":27.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501189/"]},{"id":"P15_S000579_nngevz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$156,253 donation spike on 2012-07-23 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-07-23 this committee recorded $156,253 across 135 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,292.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501189","date":"2012-07-23","amount":156253,"count":135,"baseline":19292,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501189/"]},{"id":"P15_S000579_nnvqjw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$99,346 donation spike on 2012-10-17 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-10-17 this committee recorded $99,346 across 131 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,457.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501189","date":"2012-10-17","amount":99346,"count":131,"baseline":16457,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501189/"]}],"W000119":[{"id":"P11_W000119_wkrxez","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $1,229,892 in itemized individual contributions, $810,050 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1229892,"buckets":{"$200 and under":800,"$200.01-$499":31246,"$500-$999":85988,"$1000-$1999":301808,"$2000 and over":810050},"megaShare":65.9,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000119","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Zach Wamp has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Zach Wamp triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000119"]}],"B001294":[{"id":"P11_B001294_me2ah5","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -14%)","explanation":"Of $2,500,998 in itemized individual contributions, $1,758,549 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2500998,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-340636,"$200.01-$499":219421,"$500-$999":344749,"$1000-$1999":518915,"$2000 and over":1758549},"megaShare":70.3,"smallDonorShare":-13.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_B001294_XOM_20160926","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2016-Q3 while EXXON MOBIL had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Rod Blum executed a buy in XOM during 2016-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (EXXON MOBIL, EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2016-09-26","quarter":"2016-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q3","matchedClients":["EXXON MOBIL","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_B001294","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rod Blum disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY MO $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Rod Blum has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY MO $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-17 · BUY ENB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-09-18 · BUY XOM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2016-09-26.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":300003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"MO","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ENB","action":"BUY","date":"2018-09-18","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","date":"2016-09-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_B001294","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rod Blum has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Rod Blum triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001294"]}],"R000312":[{"id":"P11_R000312_ij250t","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $839,025 in itemized individual contributions, $546,900 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":839025,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-3495,"$200.01-$499":46295,"$500-$999":84198,"$1000-$1999":165127,"$2000 and over":546900},"megaShare":65.2,"smallDonorShare":-0.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000312","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ray Roberts has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ray Roberts triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000312"]},{"id":"P185_R000312","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ray Roberts — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Ray Roberts served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000312","https://www.congress.gov/member/ray-roberts/R000312"]},{"id":"P200_R000312","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ray Roberts — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–96)","explanation":"Ray Roberts began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000312","https://www.congress.gov/member/ray-roberts/R000312"]}],"M001189":[{"id":"P11_M001189_57lkux","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $4,196,045 in itemized individual contributions, $2,959,405 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4196045,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-405871,"$200.01-$499":206559,"$500-$999":511903,"$1000-$1999":924049,"$2000 and over":2959405},"megaShare":70.5,"smallDonorShare":-9.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001189_ow99cq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$373,740 donation spike on 2018-06-08 — 20.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-08 this committee recorded $373,740 across 165 contributions — 20.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,257.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460667","date":"2018-06-08","amount":373740,"count":165,"baseline":18257,"ratio":20.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460667/"]},{"id":"P15_M001189_a7t28i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,000 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $80,000 across 57 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,495.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460667","date":"2017-03-31","amount":80000,"count":57,"baseline":10495,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460667/"]},{"id":"P15_M001189_7v1izz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,600 donation spike on 2012-09-28 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-28 this committee recorded $57,600 across 50 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,154.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460667","date":"2012-09-28","amount":57600,"count":50,"baseline":5154,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460667/"]},{"id":"P138_M001189","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Luke Messer draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.2M PAC / $10.1M total)","explanation":"Luke Messer's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.2M of $10.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.12,"pacSharePct":41.2,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H0IN02125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IN02125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"E000179":[{"id":"P11_E000179_ltw6wz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -9%)","explanation":"Of $145,320 in itemized individual contributions, $115,000 (79%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":145320,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-12500,"$200.01-$499":4250,"$500-$999":17320,"$1000-$1999":21250,"$2000 and over":115000},"megaShare":79.1,"smallDonorShare":-8.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_E000179","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eliot L. Engel draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.4M PAC / $34.5M total)","explanation":"Eliot L. Engel's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.4M of $34.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.43,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.46,"pacSharePct":39,"cycleCount":35,"fecId":"H8NY19058"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY19058/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_E000179","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eliot L. Engel has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Eliot L. Engel triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000179"]},{"id":"P182_E000179_DrugTestingIntegrity","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eliot L. Engel sponsored \"Drug Testing Integrity Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Eliot L. Engel has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Drug Testing Integrity Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_E000179_Guaranteed3COLAforSe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eliot L. Engel sponsored \"Guaranteed 3% COLA for Seniors Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Eliot L. Engel has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Guaranteed 3% COLA for Seniors Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"N000054":[{"id":"P11_N000054_lftzhq","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $2,708,706 in itemized individual contributions, $1,987,634 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2708706,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-203015,"$200.01-$499":227322,"$500-$999":295742,"$1000-$1999":401023,"$2000 and over":1987634},"megaShare":73.4,"smallDonorShare":-7.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_N000054_yby32z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$569,000 donation spike on 2012-09-03 — 22.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-03 this committee recorded $569,000 across 4 contributions — 22.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,230.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501361","date":"2012-09-03","amount":569000,"count":4,"baseline":25230,"ratio":22.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501361/"]},{"id":"P15_N000054_m0tllq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$250,000 donation spike on 2013-06-17 — 26.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-17 this committee recorded $250,000 across 5 contributions — 26.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,577.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501361","date":"2013-06-17","amount":250000,"count":5,"baseline":9577,"ratio":26.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501361/"]},{"id":"P15_N000054_ybw66a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,776 donation spike on 2012-06-29 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-29 this committee recorded $87,776 across 133 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,404.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501361","date":"2012-06-29","amount":87776,"count":133,"baseline":8404,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501361/"]},{"id":"P15_N000054_ybu98c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,600 donation spike on 2012-03-31 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-31 this committee recorded $61,600 across 96 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,404.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501361","date":"2012-03-31","amount":61600,"count":96,"baseline":7404,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501361/"]},{"id":"P15_N000054_jnjswt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,853 donation spike on 2011-09-28 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-28 this committee recorded $52,853 across 65 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,115.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501361","date":"2011-09-28","amount":52853,"count":65,"baseline":8115,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501361/"]}],"D000620":[{"id":"P11_D000620_j0c2lh","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $7,751,995 in itemized individual contributions, $5,298,782 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7751995,"buckets":{"$200 and under":26922,"$200.01-$499":246587,"$500-$999":665888,"$1000-$1999":1513816,"$2000 and over":5298782},"megaShare":68.4,"smallDonorShare":0.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_D000620_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DELANEY, John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P105_D000620","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John K. Delaney named on 6 SEC Schedule 13D/G filings — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"John K. Delaney appears as a named filer on 6 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filings (most recent: 2007-07-25, form SC 13D/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":6,"latest":{"fileDate":"2007-07-25","form":"SC 13D/A","displayNames":["CAPITALSOURCE INC  (CIK 0001241199)","DELANEY JOHN K  (CIK 0001217448)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001241199&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1241199/000112329207000680/0001123292-07-000680-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1241199/000112329207000680/0001123292-07-000680-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001241199&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]}],"D000621":[{"id":"P11_D000621_m566ne","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"94% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $43,998,243 in itemized individual contributions, $41,458,220 (94%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":43998243,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-4575564,"$200.01-$499":1916771,"$500-$999":1673619,"$1000-$1999":3525197,"$2000 and over":41458220},"megaShare":94.2,"smallDonorShare":-10.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_D000621_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"39563 employees of RETIRED gave $7,591,145 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 39563× RETIRED = $7,591,145; 1221× HOMEMAKER = $1,645,888. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":39563,"total":7591145,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"HOMEMAKER","count":1221,"total":1645888,"years":["2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000621_rmhl0l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$379,315 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 14.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $379,315 across 236 contributions — 14.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,103.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2015-06-30","amount":379315,"count":236,"baseline":26103,"ratio":14.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_rmjhz6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$153,620 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $153,620 across 158 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,189.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2015-09-30","amount":153620,"count":158,"baseline":14189,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_rmfo21","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$144,900 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $144,900 across 86 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,969.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2015-03-31","amount":144900,"count":86,"baseline":11969,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_rmytnv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$143,045 donation spike on 2015-12-31 — 13.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-12-31 this committee recorded $143,045 across 148 contributions — 13.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,436.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2015-12-31","amount":143045,"count":148,"baseline":10436,"ratio":13.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_sqa3p2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$127,735 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $127,735 across 173 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,562.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2016-03-31","amount":127735,"count":173,"baseline":20562,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_sq6wsb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$122,483 donation spike on 2016-08-20 — 15.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-20 this committee recorded $122,483 across 54 contributions — 15.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,835.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2016-08-20","amount":122483,"count":54,"baseline":7835,"ratio":15.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_sqa3rn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$118,525 donation spike on 2016-03-01 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-01 this committee recorded $118,525 across 90 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,787.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2016-03-01","amount":118525,"count":90,"baseline":15787,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_sqaqpd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,750 donation spike on 2016-02-24 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-02-24 this committee recorded $90,750 across 70 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,896.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2016-02-24","amount":90750,"count":70,"baseline":11896,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_sqaqqb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,550 donation spike on 2016-02-11 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-02-11 this committee recorded $70,550 across 38 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,039.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00511568","date":"2016-02-11","amount":70550,"count":38,"baseline":8039,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00511568/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_d62o8t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$6,431,968 donation spike on 2024-02-13 — 27.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-02-13 this committee recorded $6,431,968 across 2673 contributions — 27.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $233,708.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00841130","date":"2024-02-13","amount":6431968,"count":2673,"baseline":233708,"ratio":27.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00841130/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_1iu4lm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$151,305 donation spike on 2025-10-16 — 22.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-16 this committee recorded $151,305 across 7 contributions — 22.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,721.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00841130","date":"2025-10-16","amount":151305,"count":7,"baseline":6721,"ratio":22.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00841130/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_d5zhb1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,000 donation spike on 2024-07-18 — 17× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-07-18 this committee recorded $80,000 across 10 contributions — 17× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,708.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00841130","date":"2024-07-18","amount":80000,"count":10,"baseline":4708,"ratio":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00841130/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_1ivelg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,067 donation spike on 2025-12-23 — 18.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-23 this committee recorded $50,067 across 4 contributions — 18.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $2,763.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00841130","date":"2025-12-23","amount":50067,"count":4,"baseline":2763,"ratio":18.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00841130/"]},{"id":"P15_D000621_d60492","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,000 donation spike on 2024-06-30 — 25.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-30 this committee recorded $50,000 across 1 contributions — 25.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $1,949.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00841130","date":"2024-06-30","amount":50000,"count":1,"baseline":1949,"ratio":25.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00841130/"]}],"M000727":[{"id":"P11_M000727_i3ppoo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $906,515 in itemized individual contributions, $632,125 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":906515,"buckets":{"$200 and under":600,"$200.01-$499":36010,"$500-$999":77986,"$1000-$1999":159794,"$2000 and over":632125},"megaShare":69.7,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M000727_7oyqu3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,600 donation spike on 2014-06-26 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-26 this committee recorded $54,600 across 21 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,944.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00557256","date":"2014-06-26","amount":54600,"count":21,"baseline":7944,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00557256/"]},{"id":"P174_M000727","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Miller has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"George Miller triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000727"]},{"id":"P185_M000727","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Miller — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"George Miller served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000727","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-miller/M000727"]},{"id":"P200_M000727","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Miller — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"George Miller began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000727","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-miller/M000727"]}],"P000611":[{"id":"P11_P000611_x74eo3","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -3%)","explanation":"Of $6,862,449 in itemized individual contributions, $4,867,000 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6862449,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-231532,"$200.01-$499":262027,"$500-$999":618619,"$1000-$1999":1346335,"$2000 and over":4867000},"megaShare":70.9,"smallDonorShare":-3.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000611_9y8rgg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$107,100 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $107,100 across 56 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,045.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518654","date":"2015-03-31","amount":107100,"count":56,"baseline":14045,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518654/"]},{"id":"P15_P000611_y2wta5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,500 donation spike on 2012-05-17 — 13.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-17 this committee recorded $95,500 across 2 contributions — 13.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,135.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518654","date":"2012-05-17","amount":95500,"count":2,"baseline":7135,"ratio":13.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518654/"]},{"id":"P15_P000611_4q3lt1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,850 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $88,850 across 61 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,211.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518654","date":"2014-06-30","amount":88850,"count":61,"baseline":10211,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518654/"]},{"id":"P15_P000611_vpjkgs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,455 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $79,455 across 53 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,255.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518654","date":"2017-12-31","amount":79455,"count":53,"baseline":8255,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518654/"]},{"id":"P15_P000611_4q3lts","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,400 donation spike on 2014-06-24 — 15.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-24 this committee recorded $75,400 across 35 contributions — 15.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,954.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518654","date":"2014-06-24","amount":75400,"count":35,"baseline":4954,"ratio":15.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518654/"]},{"id":"P15_P000611_jefz34","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,650 donation spike on 2013-09-28 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-28 this committee recorded $74,650 across 44 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,496.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518654","date":"2013-09-28","amount":74650,"count":44,"baseline":7496,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518654/"]},{"id":"P15_P000611_9y8ret","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,850 donation spike on 2015-03-14 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-14 this committee recorded $59,850 across 24 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,805.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518654","date":"2015-03-14","amount":59850,"count":24,"baseline":5805,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518654/"]},{"id":"P15_P000611_l30yh3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,850 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $92,850 across 59 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,509.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00788968","date":"2022-03-31","amount":92850,"count":59,"baseline":9509,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00788968/"]},{"id":"P138_P000611","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bruce Poliquin draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.2M PAC / $26.1M total)","explanation":"Bruce Poliquin's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.2M of $26.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.13,"pacSharePct":38.9,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H4ME02234"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4ME02234/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_P000611","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bruce Poliquin has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bruce Poliquin triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000611"]}],"C001092":[{"id":"P11_C001092_xjdjgx","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $1,437,127 in itemized individual contributions, $883,375 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1437127,"buckets":{"$200 and under":30241,"$200.01-$499":90420,"$500-$999":105672,"$1000-$1999":327419,"$2000 and over":883375},"megaShare":61.5,"smallDonorShare":2.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C001092","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Collins has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Chris Collins triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001092"]}],"M001185":[{"id":"P11_M001185_hqbmt7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $12,734,125 in itemized individual contributions, $8,314,240 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":12734125,"buckets":{"$200 and under":228885,"$200.01-$499":671293,"$500-$999":1214434,"$1000-$1999":2305273,"$2000 and over":8314240},"megaShare":65.3,"smallDonorShare":1.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001185_b85rb1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$162,824 donation spike on 2022-08-23 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-23 this committee recorded $162,824 across 101 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,919.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2022-08-23","amount":162824,"count":101,"baseline":14919,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P15_M001185_pwn8fw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,410 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $115,410 across 55 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,344.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2021-03-31","amount":115410,"count":55,"baseline":11344,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P15_M001185_xc3zu3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,105 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $103,105 across 50 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,136.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2017-03-31","amount":103105,"count":50,"baseline":13136,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P15_M001185_3zdccl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,775 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $84,775 across 55 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,286.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2015-06-30","amount":84775,"count":55,"baseline":9286,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P15_M001185_xc5wsn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,600 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $82,600 across 44 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,575.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2017-06-30","amount":82600,"count":44,"baseline":7575,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P15_M001185_3zbfe1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,200 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $80,200 across 34 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,861.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2015-03-31","amount":80200,"count":34,"baseline":12861,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P15_M001185_pwjeir","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,548 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $79,548 across 87 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,288.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2021-09-30","amount":79548,"count":87,"baseline":10288,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P15_M001185_ug4g8z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,625 donation spike on 2020-06-23 — 19.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-23 this committee recorded $72,625 across 61 contributions — 19.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,734.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2020-06-23","amount":72625,"count":61,"baseline":3734,"ratio":19.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P15_M001185_pwjeje","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,356 donation spike on 2021-09-28 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-28 this committee recorded $60,356 across 47 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,691.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512426","date":"2021-09-28","amount":60356,"count":47,"baseline":6691,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512426/"]},{"id":"P18_M001185_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sean Patrick Maloney executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2020-06-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Director, Shareholder, and Member Meetings","agency":"Treasury Department, Comptroller of the Currency","date":"2020-05-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001185_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Sean Patrick Maloney executed 3 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2020-06-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-06-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-06-26","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery; 2020 Closure of the Northern Gulf of Maine Sc","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-05-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery; 2020 Closure of the Northern Gulf of Maine Sc","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-05-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_M001185_BLK_20200626","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BLK 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Sean Patrick Maloney sell $BLK 6 days before a corporate insider (Alsaad Bader M.  (CIK 0001778412)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"Alsaad Bader M.  (CIK 0001778412)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-020989"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P174_M001185","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sean Patrick Maloney has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sean Patrick Maloney triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001185"]}],"F000062":[{"id":"P11_F000062_8xykm9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -3%)","explanation":"Of $9,466,758 in itemized individual contributions, $7,702,782 (81%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":9466758,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-316326,"$200.01-$499":204317,"$500-$999":417323,"$1000-$1999":1458662,"$2000 and over":7702782},"megaShare":81.4,"smallDonorShare":-3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_F000062_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4698 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,626,406 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4698× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,626,406. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4698,"total":1626406,"years":["2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000062_3qpnm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,501,720 donation spike on 2018-06-27 — 25.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-27 this committee recorded $3,501,720 across 22 contributions — 25.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $137,624.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539890","date":"2018-06-27","amount":3501720,"count":22,"baseline":137624,"ratio":25.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539890/"]},{"id":"P15_F000062_ek7lxw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$142,470 donation spike on 2017-10-09 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-10-09 this committee recorded $142,470 across 138 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,450.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539890","date":"2017-10-09","amount":142470,"count":138,"baseline":17450,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539890/"]},{"id":"P15_F000062_3q2or","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,456 donation spike on 2018-05-30 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-30 this committee recorded $92,456 across 88 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,718.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539890","date":"2018-05-30","amount":92456,"count":88,"baseline":14718,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539890/"]},{"id":"P15_F000062_ekphjv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,700 donation spike on 2017-03-17 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-17 this committee recorded $69,700 across 46 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,034.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00539890","date":"2017-03-17","amount":69700,"count":46,"baseline":10034,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00539890/"]},{"id":"P136_F000062","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dianne Feinstein ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.6M across 26 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Dianne Feinstein's FEC-bulk record shows $19.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $173.3M (PAC: $19.6M, individual: $96.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.56,"lifetimeReceiptsM":173.29,"lifetimeIndividualM":96.14,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S0CA00199"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CA00199/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_F000062","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dianne Feinstein ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $173M across 26 cycles","explanation":"Dianne Feinstein's FEC-bulk record shows $173.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":173.29,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0CA00199"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CA00199/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_F000062","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dianne Feinstein — 255 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Dianne Feinstein sponsored 255 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":255}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_F000062","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dianne Feinstein — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Dianne Feinstein has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000062","https://www.congress.gov/member/dianne-feinstein/F000062"]}],"H001088":[{"id":"P11_H001088_78lxjo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $3,601,097 in itemized individual contributions, $2,343,425 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3601097,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-285069,"$200.01-$499":252091,"$500-$999":432078,"$1000-$1999":858572,"$2000 and over":2343425},"megaShare":65.1,"smallDonorShare":-7.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001088_ecr7e5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$174,990 donation spike on 2022-03-11 — 22× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-11 this committee recorded $174,990 across 68 contributions — 22× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,941.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550707","date":"2022-03-11","amount":174990,"count":68,"baseline":7941,"ratio":22}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550707/"]},{"id":"P15_H001088_ecqkee","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$130,757 donation spike on 2022-04-19 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-04-19 this committee recorded $130,757 across 117 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,442.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550707","date":"2022-04-19","amount":130757,"count":117,"baseline":13442,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550707/"]},{"id":"P15_H001088_q4m5gc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,305 donation spike on 2018-10-17 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-17 this committee recorded $72,305 across 119 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,312.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550707","date":"2018-10-17","amount":72305,"count":119,"baseline":8312,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550707/"]},{"id":"P15_H001088_bgpqtj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,550 donation spike on 2019-03-31 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-31 this committee recorded $68,550 across 35 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,405.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550707","date":"2019-03-31","amount":68550,"count":35,"baseline":6405,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550707/"]},{"id":"P15_H001088_t13klw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,050 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $68,050 across 46 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,206.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550707","date":"2021-06-30","amount":68050,"count":46,"baseline":5206,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550707/"]},{"id":"P174_H001088","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Hagedorn has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Hagedorn triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001088"]}],"R000103":[{"id":"P11_R000103_5bjh03","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"79% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -11%)","explanation":"Of $8,529,186 in itemized individual contributions, $6,774,474 (79%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":8529186,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-907681,"$200.01-$499":516290,"$500-$999":774099,"$1000-$1999":1372004,"$2000 and over":6774474},"megaShare":79.4,"smallDonorShare":-10.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_R000103_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4108 employees of RETIRED gave $2,275,122 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4108× RETIRED = $2,275,122. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":4108,"total":2275122,"years":["2013","2014","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000103_nvupq9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$229,950 donation spike on 2024-03-31 — 29.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-31 this committee recorded $229,950 across 77 contributions — 29.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,858.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548289","date":"2024-03-31","amount":229950,"count":77,"baseline":7858,"ratio":29.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548289/"]},{"id":"P15_R000103_605v28","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$112,975 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $112,975 across 69 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,339.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548289","date":"2018-06-30","amount":112975,"count":69,"baseline":16339,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548289/"]},{"id":"P15_R000103_60751b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,032 donation spike on 2018-08-31 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-08-31 this committee recorded $94,032 across 93 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,614.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548289","date":"2018-08-31","amount":94032,"count":93,"baseline":13614,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548289/"]},{"id":"P15_R000103_bk7yq4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,526 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $79,526 across 86 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,864.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548289","date":"2020-09-30","amount":79526,"count":86,"baseline":12864,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548289/"]},{"id":"P15_R000103_bk9vpe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,625 donation spike on 2020-06-26 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-26 this committee recorded $74,625 across 68 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,389.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548289","date":"2020-06-26","amount":74625,"count":68,"baseline":8389,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548289/"]},{"id":"P15_R000103_8o6i7u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,450 donation spike on 2017-09-29 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-29 this committee recorded $64,450 across 38 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,841.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548289","date":"2017-09-29","amount":64450,"count":38,"baseline":7841,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548289/"]},{"id":"P15_R000103_603y3o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,650 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $62,650 across 56 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,487.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548289","date":"2018-03-31","amount":62650,"count":56,"baseline":5487,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548289/"]}],"H001073":[{"id":"P11_H001073_7z2ics","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $4,743,480 in itemized individual contributions, $2,849,207 (60%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4743480,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-104615,"$200.01-$499":384004,"$500-$999":585192,"$1000-$1999":1029692,"$2000 and over":2849207},"megaShare":60.1,"smallDonorShare":-2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001073_wijuyu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,500 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $113,500 across 66 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,455.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545467","date":"2015-03-31","amount":113500,"count":66,"baseline":10455,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545467/"]},{"id":"P15_H001073_k74rsz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$108,329 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 17× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $108,329 across 46 contributions — 17× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,368.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545467","date":"2019-09-30","amount":108329,"count":46,"baseline":6368,"ratio":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545467/"]},{"id":"P15_H001073_5iqhky","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,800 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $67,800 across 77 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,050.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545467","date":"2018-09-30","amount":67800,"count":77,"baseline":9050,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545467/"]},{"id":"P15_H001073_wj30ko","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,550 donation spike on 2015-12-31 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-12-31 this committee recorded $59,550 across 38 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,664.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545467","date":"2015-12-31","amount":59550,"count":38,"baseline":5664,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545467/"]},{"id":"P15_H001073_nu3ztp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,893 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $56,893 across 75 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,119.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545467","date":"2016-06-30","amount":56893,"count":75,"baseline":5119,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545467/"]},{"id":"P15_H001073_hu7hpd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,481 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $52,481 across 35 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,536.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545467","date":"2014-06-30","amount":52481,"count":35,"baseline":4536,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545467/"]},{"id":"P15_H001073_nu22v4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,330 donation spike on 2016-09-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-30 this committee recorded $52,330 across 48 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,014.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545467","date":"2016-09-30","amount":52330,"count":48,"baseline":8014,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545467/"]},{"id":"P138_H001073","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Will Hurd draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.7M PAC / $25.0M total)","explanation":"Will Hurd's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.7M of $25.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.96,"pacSharePct":34.8,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H0TX23086"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TX23086/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001073","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Will Hurd has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Will Hurd triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001073"]}],"S001197":[{"id":"P11_S001197_meckbx","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $7,004,592 in itemized individual contributions, $4,489,566 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7004592,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-81499,"$200.01-$499":379354,"$500-$999":745671,"$1000-$1999":1471500,"$2000 and over":4489566},"megaShare":64.1,"smallDonorShare":-1.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001197_mun3u1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$209,900 donation spike on 2023-01-01 — 23.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-01-01 this committee recorded $209,900 across 84 contributions — 23.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,768.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547976","date":"2023-01-01","amount":209900,"count":84,"baseline":8768,"ratio":23.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547976/"]},{"id":"P15_S001197_8pk0yn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$167,664 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $167,664 across 155 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,363.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547976","date":"2014-09-30","amount":167664,"count":155,"baseline":21363,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547976/"]},{"id":"P15_S001197_8pjdyh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$149,357 donation spike on 2014-08-28 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-08-28 this committee recorded $149,357 across 146 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,298.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547976","date":"2014-08-28","amount":149357,"count":146,"baseline":20298,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547976/"]},{"id":"P15_S001197_8pjdwp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,558 donation spike on 2014-08-06 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-08-06 this committee recorded $125,558 across 117 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,553.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547976","date":"2014-08-06","amount":125558,"count":117,"baseline":13553,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547976/"]},{"id":"P15_S001197_8pjdyb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,030 donation spike on 2014-08-22 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-08-22 this committee recorded $92,030 across 80 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,180.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547976","date":"2014-08-22","amount":92030,"count":80,"baseline":15180,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547976/"]},{"id":"P15_S001197_8pg71i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,498 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $86,498 across 92 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,459.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547976","date":"2014-03-31","amount":86498,"count":92,"baseline":12459,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547976/"]},{"id":"P15_S001197_b2bk5w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,700 donation spike on 2019-03-29 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-29 this committee recorded $62,700 across 33 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,600.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547976","date":"2019-03-29","amount":62700,"count":33,"baseline":8600,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547976/"]},{"id":"P15_S001197_8piqyy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,654 donation spike on 2014-07-28 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-07-28 this committee recorded $59,654 across 63 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,227.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547976","date":"2014-07-28","amount":59654,"count":63,"baseline":9227,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547976/"]},{"id":"P174_S001197","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Sasse has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ben Sasse triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001197"]}],"S000583":[{"id":"P11_S000583_lejri8","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $212,841 in itemized individual contributions, $131,568 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":212841,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-11175,"$200.01-$499":13161,"$500-$999":34032,"$1000-$1999":45255,"$2000 and over":131568},"megaShare":61.8,"smallDonorShare":-5.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_LIN_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-11-05, 5 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_LIN_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 4 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_LIN_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-11-05, 3 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_FTV_2016-07-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FTV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-07-05 and 2016-07-08, 3 members took the same direction on FTV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTV","date":"2016-07-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FTV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2016-07-05 to 2016-07-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_GILD_2014-12-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GILD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-12-23 and 2014-12-26, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on GILD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2014-12-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GILD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"}],"span":"2014-12-23 to 2014-12-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_GILD_2016-08-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GILD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-11 and 2016-08-16, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on GILD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2016-08-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GILD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2016-08-11 to 2016-08-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_QCOM_2014-11-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-11-06 and 2014-11-13, 4 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2014-11-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2014-11-06 to 2014-11-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_QCOM_2014-11-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-11-06 and 2014-11-13, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2014-11-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2014-11-06 to 2014-11-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_PX_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-10-31, 5 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_PX_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-10-31, 4 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_PX_2018-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-31 and 2018-10-31, 3 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-31","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-31 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_UNP_2015-06-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UNP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-06-26 and 2015-07-02, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UNP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2015-06-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UNP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000608","name":"Scott Peters"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"A000373","name":"Brad Ashford"}],"span":"2015-06-26 to 2015-07-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_EBAY_2014-01-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold EBAY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-01-23 and 2014-01-28, 3 members took the same direction on EBAY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EBAY","date":"2014-01-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EBAY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"}],"span":"2014-01-23 to 2014-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_AKAM_2017-05-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AKAM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-05-12 and 2017-05-19, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AKAM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","date":"2017-05-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AKAM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2017-05-12 to 2017-05-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_AKAM_2017-05-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AKAM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-05-16 and 2017-05-23, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on AKAM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AKAM","date":"2017-05-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AKAM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2017-05-16 to 2017-05-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_PCP_2015-01-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PCP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-12 and 2015-01-16, 3 members took the same direction on PCP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PCP","date":"2015-01-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PCP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2015-01-12 to 2015-01-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S000583_COV_2014-07-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold COV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-07-31 and 2014-08-07, 3 members took the same direction on COV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COV","date":"2014-07-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"COV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"F000451","name":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick"}],"span":"2014-07-31 to 2014-08-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_S000583_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Lamar Smith cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PXD","date":"2014-12-05","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":4,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_S000583_AAPL_20140301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in AAPL 30 days before FTC action","explanation":"Lamar Smith sold AAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-03-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order in Case About Apple Inc. Charging for Kids’ In-App Purchases Without Parental Consent","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-approves-final-order-case-about-apple-inc-charging-kids-app-purchases-without-parental-consent"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-01-30","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-approves-final-order-case-about-apple-inc-charging-kids-app-purchases-without-parental-consent"]},{"id":"P40_S000583_AAPL_20140101","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2 trades in AAPL 22 days before FTC action","explanation":"Lamar Smith sold AAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-01-01","title":"Apple Inc. Will Provide Full Consumer Refunds of At Least $32.5 Million to Settle FTC Complaint It Charged for Kids’ In-App Purchases Without Parental Consent","penalty":32500000,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/01/apple-inc-will-provide-full-consumer-refunds-least-325-million-settle-ftc-complaint-it-charged-kids"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2013-12-20","sector":"unknown"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2013-12-10","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/01/apple-inc-will-provide-full-consumer-refunds-least-325-million-settle-ftc-complaint-it-charged-kids"]},{"id":"P40_S000583_HLF_20160801","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in HLF 7 days before FTC action","explanation":"Lamar Smith traded HLF within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2016-08-01","title":"FTC Seeks Applicants for Independent Compliance Auditor to Assess Herbalife’s Compliance with Court Order","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/08/ftc-seeks-applicants-independent-compliance-auditor-assess-herbalifes-compliance-court-order"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HLF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-07-25","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/08/ftc-seeks-applicants-independent-compliance-auditor-assess-herbalifes-compliance-court-order"]},{"id":"P138_S000583","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lamar Smith draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.6M PAC / $32.2M total)","explanation":"Lamar Smith's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.6M of $32.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.56,"lifetimeReceiptsM":32.19,"pacSharePct":35.9,"cycleCount":35,"fecId":"H6TX21012"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX21012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_S000583","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lamar Smith executed 5 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ONE SHARE FOR ONE SHARE (8d apart)","explanation":"Lamar Smith has 5 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ONE SHARE FOR ONE SHARE 2018-10-03 → 2018-10-11 (8d) · BUY→SELL BMY 2015-10-21 → 2015-11-16 (26d) · BUY→SELL KR 2017-06-01 → 2017-06-16 (15d) · SELL→BUY NASDAQ:WLTW 2016-01-15 → 2016-01-27 (12d) · BUY→SELL CTSH 2015-03-16 → 2015-03-30 (14d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":5,"samples":[{"ticker":"ONE SHARE FOR ONE SHARE","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-10-03","date2":"2018-10-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-10-21","date2":"2015-11-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"KR","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-06-01","date2":"2017-06-16","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NASDAQ:WLTW","days":12,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2016-01-15","date2":"2016-01-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CTSH","days":14,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-03-16","date2":"2015-03-30","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_S000583","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lamar Smith — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (636/636)","explanation":"Lamar Smith's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":636,"atBracket":636,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S000583","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lamar Smith — 180 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Lamar Smith has traded 180 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":180,"sample":["PTLA","G","MNST","KO","CPRT","FB","COST","EL","VRSK","SABR"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_S000583_AKAM","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lamar Smith — 14 disclosed trades in single ticker AKAM","explanation":"Lamar Smith traded AKAM on 14 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AKAM trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AKAM","count":14}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001192":[{"id":"P11_M001192_ldcfb7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $238,468 in itemized individual contributions, $148,950 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":238468,"buckets":{"$200 and under":0,"$200.01-$499":12518,"$500-$999":24500,"$1000-$1999":52500,"$2000 and over":148950},"megaShare":62.5,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_M001192_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with LA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McALLISTER, Vance M. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2015, and for ot"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "}],"citations":[]}],"G000410":[{"id":"P11_G000410_z55xxv","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $1,921,585 in itemized individual contributions, $1,180,343 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1921585,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-11278,"$200.01-$499":85267,"$500-$999":207937,"$1000-$1999":459316,"$2000 and over":1180343},"megaShare":61.4,"smallDonorShare":-0.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000410_z61kge","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,366 donation spike on 2025-02-05 — 14.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-05 this committee recorded $60,366 across 40 contributions — 14.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,295.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578567","date":"2025-02-05","amount":60366,"count":40,"baseline":4295,"ratio":14.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578567/"]},{"id":"P29_G000410_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GREEN, Raymond Eugene (Gene) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":5,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1155,"date":"2014-11-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5682) to approve the Keystone XL P"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_G000410","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gene Green draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.7M PAC / $13.6M total)","explanation":"Gene Green's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.7M of $13.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.59,"pacSharePct":34.7,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4TX09095"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX09095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000410","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gene Green has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Gene Green triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000410"]},{"id":"P181_G000410","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gene Green — 86 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Gene Green sponsored 86 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":86}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000410_SocialSecurityEarnin","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gene Green sponsored \"Social Security Earnings Test Repeal Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gene Green has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Social Security Earnings Test Repeal Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000410_TodirecttheSecretary","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gene Green sponsored \"To direct the Secretary of Labor to revise regulations conce\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gene Green has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To direct the Secretary of Labor to revise regulations concerning the recording and reporting of occupational injuries and illnesses under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000410_LaborRelationsFirstC","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gene Green sponsored \"Labor Relations First Contract Negotiations Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gene Green has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Labor Relations First Contract Negotiations Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000410_EnsuringContinuousMe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gene Green sponsored \"Ensuring Continuous Medicaid Coverage for Children Act of 20\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gene Green has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Ensuring Continuous Medicaid Coverage for Children Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000410_EnsuringContinuousCo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gene Green sponsored \"Ensuring Continuous Coverage under SCHIP Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gene Green has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Ensuring Continuous Coverage under SCHIP Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000410_ChiropracticMembersh","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gene Green sponsored \"Chiropractic Membership in the Public Health Service Commiss\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gene Green has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Chiropractic Membership in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"T000475":[{"id":"P11_T000475_np8wtr","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -0%)","explanation":"Of $2,276,273 in itemized individual contributions, $1,492,423 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2276273,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1259,"$200.01-$499":132859,"$500-$999":220300,"$1000-$1999":431950,"$2000 and over":1492423},"megaShare":65.6,"smallDonorShare":-0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000475_qigo1e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,000 donation spike on 2017-10-13 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-10-13 this committee recorded $87,000 across 36 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,483.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548941","date":"2017-10-13","amount":87000,"count":36,"baseline":7483,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548941/"]},{"id":"P15_T000475_qigo18","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,050 donation spike on 2017-10-19 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-10-19 this committee recorded $81,050 across 107 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,752.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548941","date":"2017-10-19","amount":81050,"count":107,"baseline":9752,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548941/"]},{"id":"P15_T000475_gynoj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,500 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $61,500 across 96 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,830.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548941","date":"2014-03-31","amount":61500,"count":96,"baseline":8830,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548941/"]},{"id":"P17_T000475_OKE_2018-09-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold OKE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-09-10 and 2018-09-11, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on OKE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OKE","date":"2018-09-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"OKE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-09-10 to 2018-09-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_WMB_2018-09-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold WMB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-09-17 and 2018-09-18, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on WMB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2018-09-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Energy","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"WMB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-09-17 to 2018-09-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_ET_2018-10-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ET within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-19 and 2018-10-19, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on ET. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2018-10-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ET","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-10-19 to 2018-10-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_PAGP_2018-12-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PAGP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-17 and 2018-12-21, 3 members took the same direction on PAGP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PAGP","date":"2018-12-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PAGP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-12-17 to 2018-12-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-10-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-16 and 2018-10-23, 4 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-10-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-10-16 to 2018-10-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-10-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-23 and 2018-10-23, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-10-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-10-23 to 2018-10-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-11-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-14 and 2018-11-20, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-11-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-11-14 to 2018-11-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-11-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-20 and 2018-11-20, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-11-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-11-20 to 2018-11-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-12-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-11 and 2018-12-18, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-12-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-12-11 to 2018-12-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-12-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-12 and 2018-12-19, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-12-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-12-12 to 2018-12-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-12-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-13 and 2018-12-20, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-12-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-12-13 to 2018-12-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-12-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-14 and 2018-12-20, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-12-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-12-14 to 2018-12-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-12-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-18 and 2018-12-20, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-12-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-12-18 to 2018-12-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-12-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-19 and 2018-12-20, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-12-19","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2018-12-19 to 2018-12-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_VLP_2018-12-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold VLP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-20 and 2018-12-20, 3 members took the same direction on VLP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLP","date":"2018-12-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"VLP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-12-20 to 2018-12-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_ETP_2018-10-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ETP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-19 and 2018-10-23, 3 members took the same direction on ETP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETP","date":"2018-10-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ETP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-10-19 to 2018-10-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000475_ANDX_2017-11-29","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold ANDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-11-29 and 2017-12-06, 3 members took the same direction on ANDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ANDX","date":"2017-11-29","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ANDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"},{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"}],"span":"2017-11-29 to 2017-12-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_T000475_pfv2h4","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"33 trades in VLP (Other) — 12% of this member's 279 total trades","explanation":"David A. Trott has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"VLP","count":33,"buys":16,"sells":17,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-07-23","lastDate":"2018-12-20"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"AM","count":22,"buys":22,"sells":0,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-07-22","lastDate":"2016-04-11"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NGL","count":22,"buys":0,"sells":22,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-09-30","lastDate":"2015-10-29"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"ETE","count":16,"buys":1,"sells":15,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-07-22","lastDate":"2018-10-19"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"PSXP","count":16,"buys":13,"sells":3,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-07-22","lastDate":"2018-09-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P65_T000475_2015-07-22","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"35 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2015-07-22 — 9 unique tickers","explanation":"David A. Trott executed 35 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2015-07-22 to 2015-07-29), spanning 9 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2015-07-22","windowEnd":"2015-07-29","tradeCount":35,"uniqueTickers":9,"totalDisclosedTrades":279,"sampleTickers":["PSXP","ETE","EQGP","EQM","CPPL","WPZ","TLLP","AM","VLP"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_T000475","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David A. Trott disclosed 20 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 7 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL WMB $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"David A. Trott has filed 20 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 7 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL WMB $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-06 · BUY AMJ $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-06 · BUY ETE $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-10-19 · BUY ET $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-10-19.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":20,"veryHighCount":7,"lowerBoundSum":4300020,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"WMB","action":"SELL","date":"2018-12-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AMJ","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ETE","action":"BUY","date":"2018-10-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"ET","action":"BUY","date":"2018-10-19","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"WPZ","action":"BUY","date":"2018-08-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"WMB","action":"BUY","date":"2018-08-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_T000475","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David A. Trott executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL TRGP (2d apart)","explanation":"David A. Trott has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL TRGP 2016-02-17 → 2016-02-19 (2d) · BUY→SELL TRP 2018-09-10 → 2018-09-20 (10d) · BUY→SELL WPZ 2015-02-02 → 2015-02-18 (16d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"TRGP","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-02-17","date2":"2016-02-19","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"TRP","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-09-10","date2":"2018-09-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"WPZ","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-02-02","date2":"2015-02-18","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_T000475","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"David A. Trott — 95% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (265/279)","explanation":"David A. Trott's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 95% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":279,"atBracket":265,"pct":"95.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_T000475","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David A. Trott — 42 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"David A. Trott has traded 42 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":42,"sample":["VLP","SHLX","PAGP","MPLX","EQGP","TRGP","ET","AMGP","TRP","WMB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_T000475_VLP","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David A. Trott — 33 disclosed trades in single ticker VLP","explanation":"David A. Trott traded VLP on 33 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the VLP trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"VLP","count":33}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C001107":[{"id":"P11_C001107_ksd652","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $5,362,042 in itemized individual contributions, $3,371,370 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5362042,"buckets":{"$200 and under":25230,"$200.01-$499":189133,"$500-$999":612243,"$1000-$1999":1164066,"$2000 and over":3371370},"megaShare":62.9,"smallDonorShare":0.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001107_u6yxey","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,681 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $85,681 across 66 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,353.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546846","date":"2015-03-31","amount":85681,"count":66,"baseline":12353,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546846/"]},{"id":"P15_C001107_375k12","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,980 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $80,980 across 46 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,724.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546846","date":"2018-09-30","amount":80980,"count":46,"baseline":7724,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546846/"]},{"id":"P15_C001107_fimk5h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,350 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $73,350 across 61 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,522.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546846","date":"2014-06-30","amount":73350,"count":61,"baseline":5522,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546846/"]},{"id":"P15_C001107_fikn6x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,010 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $73,010 across 58 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,431.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546846","date":"2014-03-31","amount":73010,"count":58,"baseline":9431,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546846/"]},{"id":"P15_C001107_fioh42","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,300 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $63,300 across 54 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,603.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546846","date":"2014-09-30","amount":63300,"count":54,"baseline":9603,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546846/"]},{"id":"P15_C001107_u6yaep","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,550 donation spike on 2015-02-26 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-02-26 this committee recorded $59,550 across 40 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,397.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546846","date":"2015-02-26","amount":59550,"count":40,"baseline":9397,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546846/"]},{"id":"P15_C001107_u7hfzo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,100 donation spike on 2015-11-16 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-11-16 this committee recorded $52,100 across 36 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,998.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546846","date":"2015-11-16","amount":52100,"count":36,"baseline":6998,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546846/"]},{"id":"P15_C001107_373n0w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,402 donation spike on 2018-06-15 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-15 this committee recorded $51,402 across 46 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,463.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546846","date":"2018-06-15","amount":51402,"count":46,"baseline":7463,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546846/"]},{"id":"P17_C001107_CMCSA_2017-10-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CMCSA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-10 and 2017-10-13, 3 members (Telecom sector) took the same direction on CMCSA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2017-10-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Telecom","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CMCSA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001107","name":"Carlos Curbelo"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"}],"span":"2017-10-10 to 2017-10-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001107_GE_2017-12-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-12-26 and 2018-01-02, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2017-12-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001107","name":"Carlos Curbelo"}],"span":"2017-12-26 to 2018-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001107_GE_2018-02-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-02-06 and 2018-02-08, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-02-06","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000626","name":"Warren Davidson"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"C001107","name":"Carlos Curbelo"}],"span":"2018-02-06 to 2018-02-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_C001107_2jtl9u","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 8 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo sits on committees overseeing Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Finance, Defense and traded 8 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2018-08-28","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ECL","date":"2018-08-28","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":126777.30999999997,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2018-08-28","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2018-08-28","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2018-08-28","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2818221.0700000003,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_C001107","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 7 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo sits on committees regulating Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Finance, Defense and actively trades in Technology, Finance, Healthcare, Pharma, Telecom, Defense, Transportation. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Finance","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":37},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":28},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":20},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":7},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_C001107_BAC_20170130","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BAC in 2017-Q1 while BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo executed a sell in BAC during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 1 LDA filing were active for matching corporate clients (BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-30","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P49_C001107_2018-06-19_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BMY 11 days before a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo delivered a 1071-word floor speech on 2018-06-19 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 5775) to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to re- quire Medicare Advantage plans and part D prescription drug plans to in-…\"). The member sell $BMY (a Pharma-sector stock) 11 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-06-19","chamber":"House","wordCount":1071,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I move to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R. 5775) to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to re- quire Medicare Advantage plans and part D prescription drug plans to in-","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/06/19/164/102/CREC-2018-06-19-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/06/19/164/102/CREC-2018-06-19-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001107_2016-12-06_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $HON 24 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo delivered a 229-word floor speech on 2016-12-06 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I rise in strong support of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, or the WIIN Act. Included in this package, which is expected to be considered in the House later in…\"). The member buy $HON (a Industrials-sector stock) 24 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-12-06","chamber":"House","wordCount":229,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I rise in strong support of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, or the WIIN Act. Included in this package, which is expected to be considered in the House later in","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/12/06/162/175/CREC-2016-12-06-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-12-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/12/06/162/175/CREC-2016-12-06-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001107_2016-07-13_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GOOGL 9 days after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo delivered a 605-word floor speech on 2016-07-13 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, the issue of trade has been much discussed in the current political sea- son. Candidates all across the political spectrum are twisting the facts and telling half-truths in an effort to…\"). The member buy $GOOGL (a Technology-sector stock) 9 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-07-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":605,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, the issue of trade has been much discussed in the current political sea- son. Candidates all across the political spectrum are twisting the facts and telling half-truths in an effort to","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/07/13/162/113/CREC-2016-07-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-07-22"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/07/13/162/113/CREC-2016-07-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001107_2016-06-09_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 15 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo delivered a 1181-word floor speech on 2016-06-09 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I rise today to offer my strong sup- port for the U.S. Department of Vet- erans Affairs in allocating funds to cre- ate a new VA medical clinic in Home- stead, Florida. As it currently…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 15 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-06-09","chamber":"House","wordCount":1181,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I rise today to offer my strong sup- port for the U.S. Department of Vet- erans Affairs in allocating funds to cre- ate a new VA medical clinic in Home- stead, Florida. As it currently ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/06/09/162/91/CREC-2016-06-09-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/06/09/162/91/CREC-2016-06-09-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001107_2016-04-27_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BA 28 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo delivered a 281-word floor speech on 2016-04-27 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, earlier this week, I visited U.S. Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, a crit- ical military national security asset serving key roles in the war on ter- rorism, drug and migrant interdiction,…\"). The member sell $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 28 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-04-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":281,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, earlier this week, I visited U.S. Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, a crit- ical military national security asset serving key roles in the war on ter- rorism, drug and migrant interdiction,","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/04/27/162/65/CREC-2016-04-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-25"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/04/27/162/65/CREC-2016-04-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001107_2016-03-02_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BA 7 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo delivered a 229-word floor speech on 2016-03-02 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I rise today to congratulate the Military Affairs Committee of Key West on their 50th anniversary celebra- tion. Since its inception, MAC’s mis- sion has been to strengthen the bonds be…\"). The member buy $BA (a Defense-sector stock) 7 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2016-03-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":229,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I rise today to congratulate the Military Affairs Committee of Key West on their 50th anniversary celebra- tion. Since its inception, MAC’s mis- sion has been to strengthen the bonds be","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/03/02/162/34/CREC-2016-03-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","sector":"Defense","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2016-03-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2016/03/02/162/34/CREC-2016-03-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_C001107_2015-07-27_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MDT 13 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo delivered a 183-word floor speech on 2015-07-27 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speak- er, I rise to recognize Wednesday, Au- gust 19, as Startup Day all across America, and I encourage everyone to visit at least one small business in your community on this day. Startups are…\"). The member buy $MDT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 13 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-07-27","chamber":"House","wordCount":183,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speak- er, I rise to recognize Wednesday, Au- gust 19, as Startup Day all across America, and I encourage everyone to visit at least one small business in your community on this day. Startups are ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/07/27/161/119/CREC-2015-07-27-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/07/27/161/119/CREC-2015-07-27-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_C001107_2018-08-28","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2018-08-28 — 63 unique tickers","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo executed 63 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2018-08-28 to 2018-08-29), spanning 63 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2018-08-28","windowEnd":"2018-08-29","tradeCount":63,"uniqueTickers":63,"totalDisclosedTrades":350,"sampleTickers":["PH","ZAYO","GOOGL","QQQ","AAP","HD","AMP","DHR","SSNC","ROBO"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_C001107","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carlos Curbelo draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.4M PAC / $22.9M total)","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.4M of $22.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.89,"pacSharePct":41.1,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H4FL26038"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4FL26038/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_C001107","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Carlos Curbelo executed 9 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY ROBO (18d apart)","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo has 9 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY ROBO 2018-02-02 → 2018-02-20 (18d) · BUY→SELL IJR 2018-01-22 → 2018-02-06 (15d) · SELL→BUY IJR 2018-02-06 → 2018-02-20 (14d) · SELL→BUY IJR 2018-08-08 → 2018-08-28 (20d) · SELL→BUY FB 2018-02-06 → 2018-02-20 (14d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":9,"samples":[{"ticker":"ROBO","days":18,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-02-02","date2":"2018-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IJR","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-01-22","date2":"2018-02-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IJR","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-02-06","date2":"2018-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IJR","days":20,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-08-08","date2":"2018-08-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"FB","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-02-06","date2":"2018-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DIA","days":15,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-02-05","date2":"2018-02-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"IWF","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-02-06","date2":"2018-02-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"USO","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2016-11-07","date2":"2016-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_C001107_2018-08-28","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Carlos Curbelo — 62 trades on 2018-08-28","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo disclosed 62 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2018-08-28). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2018-08-28","count":62}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001107","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carlos Curbelo — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (350/350)","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":350,"atBracket":350,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001107","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Carlos Curbelo — 138 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo has traded 138 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":138,"sample":["FSLR","IFF","PH","ZAYO","GOOGL","QQQ","AAP","HD","AMP","DHR"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001107_FSLR","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carlos Curbelo — 13 disclosed trades in single ticker FSLR","explanation":"Carlos Curbelo traded FSLR on 13 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the FSLR trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"FSLR","count":13}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"R000601":[{"id":"P11_R000601_ykoi55","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -6%)","explanation":"Of $1,692,852 in itemized individual contributions, $1,105,000 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1692852,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-104746,"$200.01-$499":121753,"$500-$999":209792,"$1000-$1999":361053,"$2000 and over":1105000},"megaShare":65.3,"smallDonorShare":-6.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000601","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Ratcliffe draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.0M PAC / $8.1M total)","explanation":"John Ratcliffe's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.0M of $8.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.09,"pacSharePct":37.2,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H4TX04153"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX04153/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000601","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Ratcliffe has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John Ratcliffe triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000601"]}],"W000819":[{"id":"P11_W000819_67rp4g","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $3,851,164 in itemized individual contributions, $2,342,300 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3851164,"buckets":{"$200 and under":45891,"$200.01-$499":220693,"$500-$999":427565,"$1000-$1999":814715,"$2000 and over":2342300},"megaShare":60.8,"smallDonorShare":1.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000819_2jnmhv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$219,191 donation spike on 2022-06-16 — 22.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-16 this committee recorded $219,191 across 103 contributions — 22.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,896.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543231","date":"2022-06-16","amount":219191,"count":103,"baseline":9896,"ratio":22.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543231/"]},{"id":"P15_W000819_vwea0x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$128,250 donation spike on 2024-03-31 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-31 this committee recorded $128,250 across 50 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,808.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543231","date":"2024-03-31","amount":128250,"count":50,"baseline":10808,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543231/"]},{"id":"P15_W000819_qsnp9d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,355 donation spike on 2020-12-31 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-12-31 this committee recorded $113,355 across 55 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,401.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543231","date":"2020-12-31","amount":113355,"count":55,"baseline":13401,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543231/"]},{"id":"P15_W000819_c4qnom","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,072 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $58,072 across 68 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,431.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543231","date":"2021-06-30","amount":58072,"count":68,"baseline":5431,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543231/"]},{"id":"P15_W000819_qt7hvm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,300 donation spike on 2020-02-20 — 20.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-20 this committee recorded $54,300 across 24 contributions — 20.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $2,693.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543231","date":"2020-02-20","amount":54300,"count":24,"baseline":2693,"ratio":20.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543231/"]},{"id":"P174_W000819","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Walker has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mark Walker triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000819"]}],"T000067":[{"id":"P11_T000067_juzdcu","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $594,323 in itemized individual contributions, $424,800 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":594323,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-31475,"$200.01-$499":39345,"$500-$999":68175,"$1000-$1999":93478,"$2000 and over":424800},"megaShare":71.5,"smallDonorShare":-5.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000067_z3kuoo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,350 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 13.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $82,350 across 45 contributions — 13.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,110.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00581314","date":"2015-09-30","amount":82350,"count":45,"baseline":6110,"ratio":13.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00581314/"]},{"id":"P29_T000067_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TAYLOR, Charles Hart voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2006-12-09","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Promotion A"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2007, and for other"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"Tax Relief and Health Care Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_T000067","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles H. Taylor has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Charles H. Taylor triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000067"]}],"H001070":[{"id":"P11_H001070_ykofss","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"80% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -12%)","explanation":"Of $1,692,503 in itemized individual contributions, $1,355,713 (80%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1692503,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-198471,"$200.01-$499":64315,"$500-$999":155878,"$1000-$1999":315068,"$2000 and over":1355713},"megaShare":80.1,"smallDonorShare":-11.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H001070","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cresent Hardy draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.0M PAC / $4.7M total)","explanation":"Cresent Hardy's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.0M of $4.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.97,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.7,"pacSharePct":41.9,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H4NV04017"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NV04017/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M000730":[{"id":"P11_M000730_xnjojv","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $6,776,432 in itemized individual contributions, $4,790,809 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6776432,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-529959,"$200.01-$499":343023,"$500-$999":640890,"$1000-$1999":1531669,"$2000 and over":4790809},"megaShare":70.7,"smallDonorShare":-7.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_M000730_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8981 employees of RETIRED gave $2,019,522 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8981× RETIRED = $2,019,522. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":8981,"total":2019522,"years":["2014","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P200_M000730","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Miller — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–92)","explanation":"Jack Miller began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000730","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-miller/M000730"]}],"L000192":[{"id":"P11_L000192_jyxaw5","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 3%)","explanation":"Of $7,544,425 in itemized individual contributions, $4,777,722 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7544425,"buckets":{"$200 and under":227886,"$200.01-$499":489460,"$500-$999":721923,"$1000-$1999":1327434,"$2000 and over":4777722},"megaShare":63.3,"smallDonorShare":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000192_ai2vrp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$221,150 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $221,150 across 113 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $35,518.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00555813","date":"2014-03-31","amount":221150,"count":113,"baseline":35518,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00555813/"]},{"id":"P15_L000192_ai0yvm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126,200 donation spike on 2014-06-04 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-04 this committee recorded $126,200 across 65 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,373.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00555813","date":"2014-06-04","amount":126200,"count":65,"baseline":14373,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00555813/"]},{"id":"P15_L000192_46f8dh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109,615 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $109,615 across 59 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,867.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00555813","date":"2015-09-30","amount":109615,"count":59,"baseline":9867,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00555813/"]},{"id":"P15_L000192_ahz1uk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,625 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $76,625 across 50 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,924.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00555813","date":"2014-09-30","amount":76625,"count":50,"baseline":8924,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00555813/"]},{"id":"P15_L000192_b18z85","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,900 donation spike on 2022-03-01 — 21.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-01 this committee recorded $71,900 across 30 contributions — 21.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,314.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00555813","date":"2022-03-01","amount":71900,"count":30,"baseline":3314,"ratio":21.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00555813/"]},{"id":"P15_L000192_iupood","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,310 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $53,310 across 37 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,783.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00555813","date":"2016-03-31","amount":53310,"count":37,"baseline":5783,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00555813/"]},{"id":"P15_L000192_2d3khn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,582 donation spike on 2024-08-22 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-22 this committee recorded $51,582 across 19 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,989.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00793950","date":"2024-08-22","amount":51582,"count":19,"baseline":4989,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00793950/"]},{"id":"P174_L000192","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary A. Lee has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Gary A. Lee triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000192"]}],"C001074":[{"id":"P11_C001074_k002h3","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"74% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $500,396 in itemized individual contributions, $369,165 (74%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":500396,"buckets":{"$200 and under":3946,"$200.01-$499":20115,"$500-$999":43600,"$1000-$1999":63570,"$2000 and over":369165},"megaShare":73.8,"smallDonorShare":0.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001074_65ajr7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$133,589 donation spike on 2015-05-20 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-05-20 this committee recorded $133,589 across 2 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,694.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00559997","date":"2015-05-20","amount":133589,"count":2,"baseline":10694,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00559997/"]},{"id":"P15_C001074_6599sa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,000 donation spike on 2015-03-25 — 16.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-25 this committee recorded $100,000 across 2 contributions — 16.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,131.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00559997","date":"2015-03-25","amount":100000,"count":2,"baseline":6131,"ratio":16.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00559997/"]},{"id":"P138_C001074","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Travis Childers draws 56% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.1M PAC / $7.3M total)","explanation":"Travis Childers's FEC-bulk record shows 56% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.1M of $7.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.13,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.34,"pacSharePct":56.4,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H8MS01061"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MS01061/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000577":[{"id":"P11_G000577_mni64e","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -12%)","explanation":"Of $5,745,928 in itemized individual contributions, $3,716,391 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5745928,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-662403,"$200.01-$499":257805,"$500-$999":801533,"$1000-$1999":1632602,"$2000 and over":3716391},"megaShare":64.7,"smallDonorShare":-11.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000577_jctr4w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$172,312 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $172,312 across 105 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,637.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558486","date":"2014-03-31","amount":172312,"count":105,"baseline":20637,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558486/"]},{"id":"P15_G000577_jcru6c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$122,900 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $122,900 across 138 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,772.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558486","date":"2014-06-30","amount":122900,"count":138,"baseline":9772,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558486/"]},{"id":"P15_G000577_a00q9q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,285 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 13.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $89,285 across 90 contributions — 13.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,538.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558486","date":"2016-06-30","amount":89285,"count":90,"baseline":6538,"ratio":13.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558486/"]},{"id":"P15_G000577_jcb8jg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,051 donation spike on 2014-11-21 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-11-21 this committee recorded $61,051 across 39 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,570.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558486","date":"2014-11-21","amount":61051,"count":39,"baseline":9570,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558486/"]},{"id":"P15_G000577_jcpx7r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,750 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $58,750 across 62 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,868.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558486","date":"2014-09-30","amount":58750,"count":62,"baseline":6868,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558486/"]},{"id":"P15_G000577_jcru81","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,940 donation spike on 2014-06-11 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-11 this committee recorded $55,940 across 58 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,323.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558486","date":"2014-06-11","amount":55940,"count":58,"baseline":8323,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558486/"]},{"id":"P18_G000577_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Garret Graves executed 4 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2024-01-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","date":"2022-09-30","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABNB","date":"2021-04-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2021-04-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Additions to the Unverified List","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2023-12-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico; 2022 Red Snappe","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-08-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000577_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Garret Graves executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2021-02-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tax on Excess Tax-Exempt Organization Executive Compensation","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2021-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_G000577_COIN_20220930","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COIN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Garret Graves buy $COIN 1 day after a corporate insider (Lutke Tobias  (CIK 0001666546)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"Lutke Tobias  (CIK 0001666546)","filingDate":"2022-09-29","adsh":"0001679788-22-000105","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000577_COIN_20240119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COIN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Garret Graves sell $COIN 3 days before a corporate insider (Rajaram Gokul  (CIK 0001589043)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"Rajaram Gokul  (CIK 0001589043)","filingDate":"2024-01-22","adsh":"0001679788-24-000013"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000577_COIN_20220930","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COIN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Garret Graves buy $COIN 6 days before a corporate insider (Lutke Tobias  (CIK 0001666546)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COIN","filer":"Lutke Tobias  (CIK 0001666546)","filingDate":"2022-10-06","adsh":"0001679788-22-000106"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000577_CRNC_20200629","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CRNC 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Garret Graves sell $CRNC 7 days before a corporate insider (Dhawan Sanjay  (CIK 0001639051)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRNC","filer":"Dhawan Sanjay  (CIK 0001639051)","filingDate":"2020-07-06","adsh":"0001667731-20-000275"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000577_NUAN_20200629","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NUAN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Garret Graves sell $NUAN 7 days before a corporate insider (Tempesta Daniel David  (CIK 0001383680)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NUAN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NUAN","filer":"Tempesta Daniel David  (CIK 0001383680)","filingDate":"2020-07-06","adsh":"0001383680-20-000011"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000577_C_20210217","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $C 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Garret Graves sell $C 8 days before a corporate insider (TA ASSOCIATES, L.P.  (CIK 0001034569)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"TA ASSOCIATES, L.P.  (CIK 0001034569)","filingDate":"2021-02-25","adsh":"0001209191-21-014435"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_G000577","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Garret Graves draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.5M PAC / $26.5M total)","explanation":"Garret Graves's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.5M of $26.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.48,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.51,"pacSharePct":43.3,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H4LA06153"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4LA06153/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P197_G000577","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Garret Graves — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Garret Graves has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["COIN","ABNB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"G000309":[{"id":"P11_G000309_mtwmfe","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"95% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $2,426,307 in itemized individual contributions, $2,314,621 (95%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2426307,"buckets":{"$200 and under":1282,"$200.01-$499":16150,"$500-$999":40550,"$1000-$1999":53704,"$2000 and over":2314621},"megaShare":95.4,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000309_s1v64q","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"94 employees of SELF EMPLOYED gave $2,287,607 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 94× SELF EMPLOYED = $2,287,607. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":94,"total":2287607,"years":["2014","2015"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000309_8uvctj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,046,658 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 15.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $1,046,658 across 16 contributions — 15.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $68,012.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00557496","date":"2014-09-30","amount":1046658,"count":16,"baseline":68012,"ratio":15.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00557496/"]},{"id":"P15_G000309_8uvztr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$788,832 donation spike on 2014-08-26 — 24.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-08-26 this committee recorded $788,832 across 2 contributions — 24.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $32,553.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00557496","date":"2014-08-26","amount":788832,"count":2,"baseline":32553,"ratio":24.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00557496/"]},{"id":"P138_G000309","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bart Gordon draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.2M PAC / $26.1M total)","explanation":"Bart Gordon's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.2M of $26.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.14,"pacSharePct":54.4,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H4TN04015"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TN04015/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000260":[{"id":"P11_T000260_lvi69q","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"76% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $117,924 in itemized individual contributions, $90,000 (76%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":117924,"buckets":{"$200 and under":400,"$200.01-$499":5724,"$500-$999":10700,"$1000-$1999":11100,"$2000 and over":90000},"megaShare":76.3,"smallDonorShare":0.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_T000260","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Todd Tiahrt (left 2011) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.01M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Todd Tiahrt left Congress in 2011 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $07500.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: GLDPARTNERS.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2011,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"07500.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["GLDPARTNERS"],"sampleFirms":["TIAHRT ENTERPRISES, LLC"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Todd%20Tiahrt"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Todd%20Tiahrt","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_T000260","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Todd Tiahrt draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.2M PAC / $14.6M total)","explanation":"Todd Tiahrt's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.2M of $14.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.62,"pacSharePct":42.5,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H4KS04087"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4KS04087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_T000260","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Todd Tiahrt has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Todd Tiahrt triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000260"]}],"J000287":[{"id":"P11_J000287_wo0mto","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $1,286,191 in itemized individual contributions, $1,155,900 (90%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1286191,"buckets":{"$200 and under":8125,"$200.01-$499":24016,"$500-$999":30500,"$1000-$1999":67650,"$2000 and over":1155900},"megaShare":89.9,"smallDonorShare":0.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_J000287_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with LA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JINDAL, Bobby voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2007-12-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations for"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1175,"date":"2007-12-19","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"SCHIP Extension Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1174,"date":"2007-12-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Temporary Tax Relief Act of 2007"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1166,"date":"2007-12-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for the consideration of the Senate Amendment to the House Amendment t"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1163,"date":"2007-12-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations for"}],"citations":[]}],"D000255":[{"id":"P11_D000255_w463n3","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $1,133,041 in itemized individual contributions, $768,686 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1133041,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-12758,"$200.01-$499":63433,"$500-$999":109687,"$1000-$1999":203993,"$2000 and over":768686},"megaShare":67.8,"smallDonorShare":-1.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000255_o4uoxj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,334 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 14.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $100,334 across 98 contributions — 14.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,052.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578492","date":"2015-09-30","amount":100334,"count":98,"baseline":7052,"ratio":14.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578492/"]},{"id":"P15_D000255_o4srx8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,590 donation spike on 2015-06-10 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-10 this committee recorded $63,590 across 44 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,262.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578492","date":"2015-06-10","amount":63590,"count":44,"baseline":10262,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578492/"]},{"id":"P174_D000255","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John H. Dent has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John H. Dent triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000255"]},{"id":"P185_D000255","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John H. Dent — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John H. Dent served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000255","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-h-dent/D000255"]},{"id":"P200_D000255","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John H. Dent — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–95)","explanation":"John H. Dent began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000255","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-h-dent/D000255"]}],"K000016":[{"id":"P11_K000016_2lname","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 5%)","explanation":"Of $16,155,576 in itemized individual contributions, $9,697,851 (60%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":16155576,"buckets":{"$200 and under":865802,"$200.01-$499":1406408,"$500-$999":1199177,"$1000-$1999":2986338,"$2000 and over":9697851},"megaShare":60,"smallDonorShare":5.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_K000016_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7543 employees of RETIRED gave $2,857,288 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7543× RETIRED = $2,857,288. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":7543,"total":2857288,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025","2026"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000016_ka7vdz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$464,357 donation spike on 2016-02-16 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-02-16 this committee recorded $464,357 across 1089 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $60,183.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00581876","date":"2016-02-16","amount":464357,"count":1089,"baseline":60183,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00581876/"]},{"id":"P15_K000016_ka5bgv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$426,926 donation spike on 2016-06-01 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-01 this committee recorded $426,926 across 212 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $53,475.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00581876","date":"2016-06-01","amount":426926,"count":212,"baseline":53475,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00581876/"]},{"id":"P15_K000016_ksvg4q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,050 donation spike on 2024-10-24 — 20.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-24 this committee recorded $100,050 across 3 contributions — 20.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,989.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00581876","date":"2024-10-24","amount":100050,"count":3,"baseline":4989,"ratio":20.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00581876/"]},{"id":"P15_K000016_zhs8zw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,000 donation spike on 2023-02-15 — 24.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-02-15 this committee recorded $100,000 across 1 contributions — 24.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,012.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00581876","date":"2023-02-15","amount":100000,"count":1,"baseline":4012,"ratio":24.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00581876/"]},{"id":"P15_K000016_zh93ev","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,000 donation spike on 2023-11-07 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-11-07 this committee recorded $100,000 across 1 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,053.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00581876","date":"2023-11-07","amount":100000,"count":1,"baseline":8053,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00581876/"]},{"id":"P15_K000016_64h5xk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,000 donation spike on 2025-10-14 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-10-14 this committee recorded $50,000 across 1 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,536.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00581876","date":"2025-10-14","amount":50000,"count":1,"baseline":6536,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00581876/"]},{"id":"P29_K000016_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KASICH, John Richard voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"C001111":[{"id":"P11_C001111_m83uk7","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $5,675,532 in itemized individual contributions, $3,744,577 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":5675532,"buckets":{"$200 and under":64210,"$200.01-$499":198388,"$500-$999":454000,"$1000-$1999":1214357,"$2000 and over":3744577},"megaShare":66,"smallDonorShare":1.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001111_ynik2e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,950 donation spike on 2017-03-28 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-28 this committee recorded $77,950 across 41 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,021.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00590067","date":"2017-03-28","amount":77950,"count":41,"baseline":11021,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00590067/"]},{"id":"P15_C001111_5b8i7s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,900 donation spike on 2015-11-18 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-11-18 this committee recorded $67,900 across 33 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,262.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00590067","date":"2015-11-18","amount":67900,"count":33,"baseline":10262,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00590067/"]},{"id":"P15_C001111_ynme07","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,150 donation spike on 2017-09-30 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-30 this committee recorded $52,150 across 36 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,278.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00590067","date":"2017-09-30","amount":52150,"count":36,"baseline":6278,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00590067/"]},{"id":"P141_C001111","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charlie Crist executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL SUN (1d apart)","explanation":"Charlie Crist has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL SUN 2017-02-21 → 2017-02-22 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"SUN","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-02-21","date2":"2017-02-22","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_C001111","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charlie Crist has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Charlie Crist triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001111"]}],"F000456":[{"id":"P11_F000456_ms8lhy","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"69% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $2,457,370 in itemized individual contributions, $1,702,516 (69%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2457370,"buckets":{"$200 and under":57497,"$200.01-$499":95584,"$500-$999":209490,"$1000-$1999":392283,"$2000 and over":1702516},"megaShare":69.3,"smallDonorShare":2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_F000456_1da8eo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$244,200 donation spike on 2016-11-15 — 13.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-11-15 this committee recorded $244,200 across 112 contributions — 13.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,676.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00597013","date":"2016-11-15","amount":244200,"count":112,"baseline":17676,"ratio":13.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00597013/"]},{"id":"P15_F000456_1dsqzd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,600 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $65,600 across 32 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,736.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00597013","date":"2016-03-31","amount":65600,"count":32,"baseline":7736,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00597013/"]},{"id":"P29_F000456_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with LA R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FLEMING, John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2015, and for ot"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P68_F000456","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 22 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.9M","explanation":"John Fleming's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 22 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $903,007.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Medical Practice Company: Minden Family  (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $250,001 - $500,000); Fleming Expansions, LLC Company: Fleming (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $250,001 - $500,000); ATB Construction and Maintenance, LLC Co (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $15,001 - $50,000); XBD, LLC Company: XBD, LLC (Dallas, Texa (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $15,001 - $50,000); Fleming Properties Kings, LLC Company: F (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":22,"totalEstMidpoint":903007.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Medical Practice Company: Minden Family Care Center, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: Medical Clinic","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"},{"name":"Fleming Expansions, LLC Company: Fleming Expansions, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: UPS Store Franchise Sales","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"},{"name":"ATB Construction and Maintenance, LLC Company: ATB Construction and Maintenance, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: Industrial Maintenance & Repair","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"},{"name":"XBD, LLC Company: XBD, LLC (Dallas, Texas) Description: Software Design","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"},{"name":"Fleming Properties Kings, LLC Company: Fleming Properties Kings, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: Commercial Rental Real Estate, Shreveport, LA","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_F000456","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 10 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Officer at Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc Minden, Louisiana","explanation":"John Fleming's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 10 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc Minden, Louisiana (Corporation); Director at Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc Minden, Louisiana (Corporation); Officer at Minden Family Care Center, LLC Minden, Louisiana (Other (Limited Liability Compa).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":10,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Sep 2021 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Sep 2021 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jul 2021 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Minden Family Care Center, LLC Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"},{"dates":"Sep 2021 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Fleming Franchise Development, INC Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Sep 2021 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Fleming Franchise Development, INC Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"May 2022 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Epic Media & Publications, LLC Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"},{"dates":"Oct 2021 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"JCF Management, LLC Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"},{"dates":"Jul 2013 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Fleming Properties Trust Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_F000456","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$161,717 in outside earned income — top source: State of Louisiana Baton Rouge, Louisiana ($$120,217.00)","explanation":"John Fleming's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $161,717 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Louisiana Baton Rouge, Louisiana ($120,217.00, Salary); McKeon Group Inc Alexandria, Virginia ($41,500.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":161717,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Louisiana Baton Rouge, Louisiana","amount":"$120,217.00","amountNumeric":120217},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"McKeon Group Inc Alexandria, Virginia","amount":"$41,500.00","amountNumeric":41500}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fleming discloses 15 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 15 unascertainable, 10% of 149 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 15 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 15 unascertainable) across 149 total reported assets — 10% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Personal Brokerage Account 1 (--) · Personal Brokerage Account 2 (--) · Personal Brokerage Account 3 (--) · IRA 1 (--) · 401k 1 (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":15,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":15,"totalAssets":149,"opaqueRatio":0.101,"samples":[{"asset":"Personal Brokerage Account 1","value":"--"},{"asset":"Personal Brokerage Account 2","value":"--"},{"asset":"Personal Brokerage Account 3","value":"--"},{"asset":"IRA 1","value":"--"},{"asset":"401k 1","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fleming discloses 17 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 17 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Minden Office Park Land Description: Undeveloped land (Minde · Fleming Properties Kings, LLC Company: Fleming Properties Ki · Fleming Properties Hearne, LLC Company: Fleming Properties H · Fleming Properties, LLC Company: Fleming Properties, LLC (Mi.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":17,"properties":[{"name":"Minden Office Park Land Description: Undeveloped land (Minden, Louisiana)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Fleming Properties Kings, LLC Company: Fleming Properties Kings, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: Commerci","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Fleming Properties Hearne, LLC Company: Fleming Properties Hearne, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: Commer","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Fleming Properties, LLC Company: Fleming Properties, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: Commercial Rental re","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Minden 1 Description: Commercial rental real estate (Minden, Louisiana)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Bossier 1 Description: Commercial Rental Real Estate (Bossier City, Louisiana)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Benton 1 Description: Commercial Rental Real Estate (Benton, Louisiana)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Bossier 2 Description: Commercial Rental Real Estate (Bossier City, Louisiana)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fleming's 2025 PFD: 82 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (55% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 82 reported holdings owned by Spouse (24), Joint (58), or Dependent (0) — 55% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: US Bank 1 (Minden, Louisiana) Type: Checking · Joint: US Bank 2 (Minden, Louisiana) Type: Checking, Money Market Account · Joint: US Bank 3 (Minden, Louisiana) Type: Checking · Joint: Personal Brokerage Account 1.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":24,"Joint":58,"Dependent":0,"Self":67},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.547,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"US Bank 1 (Minden, Louisiana) Type: Checking","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"US Bank 2 (Minden, Louisiana) Type: Checking, Money Market Account","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"US Bank 3 (Minden, Louisiana) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Personal Brokerage Account 1","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"QQQ - Invesco QQQ Trust, Series 1","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P96_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fleming owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Bank of America","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Revolving Charge ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 25.24% (NA) from Bank of America.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"25.24% (NA)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Bank of America Wilmington, DE","incurred":"2024"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P98_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fleming carries 2 high-rate debt entries (≥12% APR) on 2025 PFD — top: 25.24% (NA) Revolving Charge","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Revolving Charge 25.24% (NA) from Bank of America ($$15,001 - $50,000) · Revolving Charge 23.24% (NA) from Citi Sioux Falls, ($$10,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2025","count":2,"loans":[{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"25.24% (NA)","creditor":"Bank of America Wilmington, DE","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"23.24% (NA)","creditor":"Citi Sioux Falls, SD","amount":"$10,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P99_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fleming's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Minden Family Care Center,","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Minden Family Care Center, LLC (Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Minden Family Care Center, LLC Minden, Louisiana","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P103_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fleming holds 6 for-profit officer/director roles on 2025 PFD — top: Officer · Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 6 active officer or director roles in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Officer · Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc (Corporation) · Director · Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc (Corporation) · Officer · Minden Family Care Center, (Other (Limited) · Director · Fleming Franchise Development, INC (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":6,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Sep 2021 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"Fleming Subway Restaurants, Inc Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Sep 2021 to present"},{"position":"Officer","entity":"Minden Family Care Center, LLC Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)","dates":"Jul 2021 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"Fleming Franchise Development, INC Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Sep 2021 to present"},{"position":"Officer","entity":"Fleming Franchise Development, INC Minden, Louisiana","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Sep 2021 to present"},{"position":"Other (Principal)","entity":"McKeon Group, Inc Alexandria, Virginia","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Feb 2021 to Jan 2024"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Fleming's 2025 PFD lists 16 entities bearing the surname \"Fleming\" — top: Fleming Expansions, LLC Company: Fleming","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 16 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Fleming\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Fleming Expansions, LLC Company: Fleming (asset) · Fleming Properties Kings, LLC Company: (asset) · Fleming Properties Hearne, LLC Company: (asset) · Fleming Properties, LLC Company: Fleming (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Fleming","count":16,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Fleming Expansions, LLC Company: Fleming Expansions, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: UPS Store ","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Fleming Properties Kings, LLC Company: Fleming Properties Kings, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Fleming Properties Hearne, LLC Company: Fleming Properties Hearne, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Descripti","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Fleming Properties, LLC Company: Fleming Properties, LLC (Minden, Louisiana) Description: Commercial","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Fleming Subway Restaurants, INC Company: Fleming Subway Restaurants, INC (Minden, Louisiana) Descrip","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Fleming Investments Trust","type":"Trust General Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P105_F000456","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fleming named on 3 SEC Schedule 13D/G filings — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"John Fleming appears as a named filer on 3 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filings (most recent: 2009-04-24, form SC 13D/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":3,"latest":{"fileDate":"2009-04-24","form":"SC 13D/A","displayNames":["GAMEZNFLIX INC  (CIK 0001099234)","FLEMING JOHN  (CIK 0001293350)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001099234&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1099234/000109432809000026/0001094328-09-000026-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1099234/000109432809000026/0001094328-09-000026-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001099234&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P135_F000456","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fleming's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $43.1M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"John Fleming's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $43.1M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 765; earned-income on first filing: $162,717.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":43081846,"assetCount":765,"earnedIncome":162717,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P160_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fleming's 2025 PFD shows 4 broad-market index funds (10% of 42 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 of 42 ticker holdings (10%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: SPY, IVV, SPLG, VTSAX.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":4,"totalTickers":42,"ratio":0.1,"broadTickers":["SPY","IVV","SPLG","VTSAX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fleming's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 149 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 149 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":149,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fleming's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P182_F000456_HelpingSaveAmericans","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Fleming sponsored \"Helping Save Americans' Health Care Choices Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John Fleming has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Helping Save Americans' Health Care Choices Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P192_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fleming — 150 disclosed positions on 2025 PFD","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2025","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_F000456_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Fleming — 68 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Fleming's 2025 Senate PFD shows 68 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":68,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/24b6f54b-988a-40ba-912d-f172f8170815/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000579":[{"id":"P11_G000579_jyu02w","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -12%)","explanation":"Of $7,549,999 in itemized individual contributions, $6,180,932 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7549999,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-913134,"$200.01-$499":289183,"$500-$999":604276,"$1000-$1999":1388742,"$2000 and over":6180932},"megaShare":81.9,"smallDonorShare":-12.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_G000579_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2190 employees of NONE gave $1,779,646 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2190× NONE = $1,779,646. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":2190,"total":1779646,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000579_bbh1ra","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$154,790 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $154,790 across 114 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,948.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00610212","date":"2016-03-31","amount":154790,"count":114,"baseline":20948,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00610212/"]},{"id":"P15_G000579_bbiypu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,597 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $139,597 across 132 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,633.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00610212","date":"2016-06-30","amount":139597,"count":132,"baseline":10633,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00610212/"]},{"id":"P15_G000579_as9oct","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$129,230 donation spike on 2024-01-17 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-01-17 this committee recorded $129,230 across 66 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,673.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00610212","date":"2024-01-17","amount":129230,"count":66,"baseline":10673,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00610212/"]},{"id":"P15_G000579_bbyxbk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,825 donation spike on 2016-10-04 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-10-04 this committee recorded $93,825 across 65 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,851.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00610212","date":"2016-10-04","amount":93825,"count":65,"baseline":13851,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00610212/"]},{"id":"P15_G000579_focbmm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,991 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $57,991 across 29 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,418.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00610212","date":"2019-09-30","amount":57991,"count":29,"baseline":8418,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00610212/"]},{"id":"P15_G000579_pzx8xv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,400 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $54,400 across 33 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,745.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00610212","date":"2017-06-30","amount":54400,"count":33,"baseline":8745,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00610212/"]},{"id":"P18_G000579_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Gallagher executed 5 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XEL","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WEC","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety-Related Railroad Employees","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Railroad Administration","date":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Training, Qualification, and Oversight for Safety-Related Railroad Employees","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Railroad Administration","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000579_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Gallagher executed 4 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTSH","date":"2020-01-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":6,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2019-12-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-17,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; North Atlantic Swordfish Fishery","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; North Atlantic Swordfish Fishery","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000579_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Gallagher executed 5 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2020-01-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2020-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties for Inflation; Continuation of Effectiveness and ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Adjustment of Civil Monetary Penalties for Inflation; Continuation of Effectiveness and ","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000579_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Gallagher executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2020-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":2,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Conditions: Airbus Defense and Space Model No. C-295 Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-01-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000579_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Gallagher executed 3 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2020-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RF","date":"2020-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","date":"2020-01-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Relating to Withholding and Reporting Tax on Certain U.S. Source Income Paid to Foreign Persons","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Regulations Relating to Withholding and Reporting Tax on Certain U.S. Source Income Paid to Foreign Persons","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000579_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mike Gallagher executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2020-01-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","date":"2020-01-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":0,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2020 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-01-08"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalties-2020 Adjustment","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_G000579_CTSH_20200108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CTSH 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Gallagher sell $CTSH 1 day after a corporate insider (Frank Malcolm  (CIK 0001541806)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTSH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTSH","filer":"Frank Malcolm  (CIK 0001541806)","filingDate":"2020-01-07","adsh":"0001209191-20-002226","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000579_PFE_20200113","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PFE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Gallagher sell $PFE 3 days after a corporate insider (ROGERS DAWN  (CIK 0001742308)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"ROGERS DAWN  (CIK 0001742308)","filingDate":"2020-01-10","adsh":"0001225208-20-000710","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_G000579_OXY_20200108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $OXY 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Gallagher sell $OXY 5 days after a corporate insider (OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP /DE/  (OXY, OXY-WT)  (CIK 0000797468)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OXY","filer":"OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP /DE/  (OXY, OXY-WT)  (CIK 0000797468)","filingDate":"2020-01-03","adsh":"0001140361-20-000276","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000579_RF_20200109","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RF 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Gallagher sell $RF 5 days before a corporate insider (Turfler Mark  (CIK 0001579704)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RF","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RF","filer":"Turfler Mark  (CIK 0001579704)","filingDate":"2020-01-14","adsh":"0001250853-20-000017"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000579_WMT_20210325","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WMT 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Gallagher sell $WMT 8 days before a corporate insider (STEPHENSON RANDALL L  (CIK 0001183428)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"STEPHENSON RANDALL L  (CIK 0001183428)","filingDate":"2021-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-21-012736"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_G000579_WEC_20200113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WEC 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mike Gallagher sell $WEC 8 days before a corporate insider (Metcalfe Tom  (CIK 0001671102)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WEC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WEC","filer":"Metcalfe Tom  (CIK 0001671102)","filingDate":"2020-01-21","adsh":"0000107815-20-000063"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P65_G000579_2020-01-08","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"33 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-01-08 — 33 unique tickers","explanation":"Mike Gallagher executed 33 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-01-08 to 2020-01-13), spanning 33 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-01-08","windowEnd":"2020-01-13","tradeCount":33,"uniqueTickers":33,"totalDisclosedTrades":38,"sampleTickers":["JCI","FDX","ALK","CTSH","OXY","SEE","LMT","BAC","LH","CVX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_G000579_2020-01-13","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Gallagher — 17 trades on 2020-01-13","explanation":"Mike Gallagher disclosed 17 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-01-13). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-01-13","count":17}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_G000579","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Gallagher — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (38/38)","explanation":"Mike Gallagher's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":38,"atBracket":38,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000579","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Gallagher — 34 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Mike Gallagher has traded 34 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":34,"sample":["WMT","DCI","XEL","AROW","SHW","AAPL","WEC","FAST","FMCMF","ATO"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"R000080":[{"id":"P11_R000080_jivxn4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"93% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -19%)","explanation":"Of $604,183 in itemized individual contributions, $559,903 (93%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":604183,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-116468,"$200.01-$499":30656,"$500-$999":47700,"$1000-$1999":82392,"$2000 and over":559903},"megaShare":92.7,"smallDonorShare":-19.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_R000080_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RAY, Richard Belmont voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":857,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT"}],"citations":[]}],"S001202":[{"id":"P11_S001202_oodpet","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $2,059,869 in itemized individual contributions, $1,454,700 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2059869,"buckets":{"$200 and under":2776,"$200.01-$499":37793,"$500-$999":128750,"$1000-$1999":435850,"$2000 and over":1454700},"megaShare":70.6,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001202_48g328","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$224,025 donation spike on 2017-08-07 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-08-07 this committee recorded $224,025 across 138 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,992.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629451","date":"2017-08-07","amount":224025,"count":138,"baseline":25992,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629451/"]},{"id":"P15_S001202_48cw70","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,600 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $124,600 across 69 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,240.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629451","date":"2017-03-31","amount":124600,"count":69,"baseline":14240,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629451/"]},{"id":"P15_S001202_48cw6b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,750 donation spike on 2017-03-27 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-27 this committee recorded $65,750 across 41 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,043.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629451","date":"2017-03-27","amount":65750,"count":41,"baseline":8043,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629451/"]},{"id":"P174_S001202","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Luther Strange has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Luther Strange triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001202"]}],"M001195":[{"id":"P11_M001195_5l9fh6","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $4,231,961 in itemized individual contributions, $2,742,635 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4231961,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-212131,"$200.01-$499":313369,"$500-$999":459382,"$1000-$1999":928706,"$2000 and over":2742635},"megaShare":64.8,"smallDonorShare":-5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001195_o874gc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,482 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $74,482 across 67 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,275.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629949","date":"2017-12-31","amount":74482,"count":67,"baseline":6275,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629949/"]},{"id":"P15_M001195_w51swl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,592 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $63,592 across 62 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,967.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629949","date":"2018-03-31","amount":63592,"count":62,"baseline":7967,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629949/"]},{"id":"P15_M001195_o7pvt2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,949 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $58,949 across 50 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,857.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629949","date":"2017-06-30","amount":58949,"count":50,"baseline":8857,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629949/"]},{"id":"P15_M001195_sfpqt1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,100 donation spike on 2021-06-07 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-07 this committee recorded $50,100 across 39 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,043.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00768705","date":"2021-06-07","amount":50100,"count":39,"baseline":4043,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00768705/"]},{"id":"P15_M001195_6q11zc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,100 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $72,100 across 45 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,869.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00828475","date":"2023-03-31","amount":72100,"count":45,"baseline":7869,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00828475/"]},{"id":"P174_M001195","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alexander X. Mooney has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Alexander X. Mooney triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001195"]}],"S000584":[{"id":"P11_S000584_yncb00","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $6,543,051 in itemized individual contributions, $4,283,797 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6543051,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-244940,"$200.01-$499":354992,"$500-$999":606531,"$1000-$1999":1542671,"$2000 and over":4283797},"megaShare":65.5,"smallDonorShare":-3.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S000584_rizig9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$211,769 donation spike on 2025-08-14 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-14 this committee recorded $211,769 across 118 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,753.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675348","date":"2025-08-14","amount":211769,"count":118,"baseline":21753,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675348/"]},{"id":"P15_S000584_p64scd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$186,239 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $186,239 across 243 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,995.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675348","date":"2020-09-30","amount":186239,"count":243,"baseline":14995,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675348/"]},{"id":"P15_S000584_riy8it","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$156,400 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $156,400 across 132 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,893.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675348","date":"2025-06-30","amount":156400,"count":132,"baseline":13893,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675348/"]},{"id":"P15_S000584_sam2wb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$146,050 donation spike on 2018-05-08 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-08 this committee recorded $146,050 across 110 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,926.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675348","date":"2018-05-08","amount":146050,"count":110,"baseline":20926,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675348/"]},{"id":"P15_S000584_sa5h7r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$118,450 donation spike on 2018-10-17 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-17 this committee recorded $118,450 across 94 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,099.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675348","date":"2018-10-17","amount":118450,"count":94,"baseline":11099,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675348/"]},{"id":"P15_S000584_sa5h71","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$117,959 donation spike on 2018-10-22 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-22 this committee recorded $117,959 across 110 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,346.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675348","date":"2018-10-22","amount":117959,"count":110,"baseline":16346,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675348/"]},{"id":"P15_S000584_dm58nt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,161 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 24.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $103,161 across 80 contributions — 24.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,187.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675348","date":"2019-09-30","amount":103161,"count":80,"baseline":4187,"ratio":24.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675348/"]},{"id":"P15_S000584_salfuf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,370 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $98,370 across 160 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,643.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00675348","date":"2018-06-30","amount":98370,"count":160,"baseline":14643,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00675348/"]},{"id":"P174_S000584","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Larkin Smith has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Larkin Smith triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000584"]}],"T000483":[{"id":"P11_T000483_z1a5e2","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -5%)","explanation":"Of $1,993,347 in itemized individual contributions, $1,363,292 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1993347,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-108197,"$200.01-$499":89176,"$500-$999":216410,"$1000-$1999":432666,"$2000 and over":1363292},"megaShare":68.4,"smallDonorShare":-5.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000483_q6quwu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,850 donation spike on 2023-05-04 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-04 this committee recorded $51,850 across 67 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,143.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653196","date":"2023-05-04","amount":51850,"count":67,"baseline":4143,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653196/"]},{"id":"P18_T000483_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David J. Trone executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2020-03-19","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Provisions Pertaining to Certain Investments in the United States by Foreign Persons and Provisions Pertaining to Certai","agency":"Treasury Department, Investment Security Office","date":"2020-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000483_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member David J. Trone executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2020-03-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Modification of Regulations Regarding Benefit and Specificity in Countervailing Duty Proceedings","agency":"Commerce Department, International Trade Administration","date":"2020-02-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_T000483_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TRONE, David voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1222,"date":"2024-12-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1221,"date":"2024-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Federal Judiciary Stabilization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_T000483_MS_20200319","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David J. Trone buy $MS 1 day after a corporate insider (WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0001209191-20-020094","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000483_AAPL_20200304","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"David J. Trone sell $AAPL 5 days after a corporate insider (WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"WAGNER SUSAN  (CIK 0001059235)","filingDate":"2020-02-28","adsh":"0000320193-20-000035","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P137_T000483","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David J. Trone ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $128M across 2 cycles","explanation":"David J. Trone's FEC-bulk record shows $127.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 2 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":127.67,"cycleCount":2,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4MD00319"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4MD00319/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M000871":[{"id":"P11_M000871_kez968","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -13%)","explanation":"Of $2,959,119 in itemized individual contributions, $2,121,237 (72%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2959119,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-389923,"$200.01-$499":287626,"$500-$999":348745,"$1000-$1999":591434,"$2000 and over":2121237},"megaShare":71.7,"smallDonorShare":-13.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M000871_6a97na","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,003 donation spike on 2018-08-20 — 15.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-08-20 this committee recorded $75,003 across 45 contributions — 15.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,884.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00649491","date":"2018-08-20","amount":75003,"count":45,"baseline":4884,"ratio":15.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649491/"]},{"id":"P15_M000871_lzv1d5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,300 donation spike on 2019-09-26 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-26 this committee recorded $89,300 across 59 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,127.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460659","date":"2019-09-26","amount":89300,"count":59,"baseline":14127,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460659/"]},{"id":"P15_M000871_vgpfxw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$87,350 donation spike on 2021-03-26 — 13.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-26 this committee recorded $87,350 across 38 contributions — 13.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,601.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460659","date":"2021-03-26","amount":87350,"count":38,"baseline":6601,"ratio":13.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460659/"]},{"id":"P15_M000871_vgpfym","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,800 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $71,800 across 56 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,836.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00460659","date":"2021-03-31","amount":71800,"count":56,"baseline":8836,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460659/"]},{"id":"P19_M000871_9ku56z","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tracey Mann campaign paid $10,089,793 to 41 surname-matched vendors, top: TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","explanation":"Tracey Mann's campaign paid 197 disbursements totaling $10,089,793 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","total":3811869,"count":22,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":1038313,"date":"2018-09-14","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":548961,"date":"2018-09-18","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":366563,"date":"2010-09-23","description":"ADVANCE DIRECT MAIL COSTS (SEE MEMO TEXT FOR DETAILED EXPLANATION)","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","total":1698817.71,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":235265,"date":"2012-10-10","description":"PRINTING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":134550,"date":"2010-07-16","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION & PRINTING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS","amount":100265.14,"date":"2014-10-23","description":"DIRECT MAILING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","total":1550924.63,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":106580.15,"date":"2020-10-27","description":"EXEMPT MAIL","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":99177,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"BULK MAIL, LITERATURE, RETREAT AND TRAINING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS","amount":91000,"date":"2006-10-27","description":"MAIL PROGRAM: MAILING # 3","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH LESTER","total":987053.9,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH LESTER","amount":987053.9,"date":"2020-09-18","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS, INC.","total":435144,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS, INC.","amount":103520,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"PRINTED MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS, INC.","amount":75860,"date":"2012-10-04","description":"PRINTED MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"TERRIS, BARNES & WALTERS, INC.","amount":69015,"date":"2014-10-06","description":"PRINTED MATERIALS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH","total":376411.45999999996,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH","amount":250000,"date":"2018-12-14","description":"GOVERNOR, IE, SUPPORTING","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH","amount":66322.62,"date":"2018-07-25","description":"MAILERS","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES WALTERS BOIGON HEATH","amount":60088.84,"date":"2018-06-14","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING AND MAILHOUSE SERVICES","surnameMatched":"walters","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=TERRIS%20BARNES%20%26%20WALTERS"]},{"id":"P25_M000871_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"53% of PAC dollars ($277,510) come from Party industry","explanation":"Tracey Mann receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":277509.57,"share":53.1,"totalPAC":523014.34,"pacCount":40},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":277509.57,"share":53.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":75000,"share":14.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":73000,"share":14},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":21270,"share":4.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M000871","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $154,004.77","explanation":"Tracey Mann received campaign contributions totaling $154,004.77 from 19 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 18 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($16,270); WELLS FARGO ($11,234.77); PLAINS COTTON GROWERS, INC. ($10,000); NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":19,"totalDollars":154004.77000000002,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":16270,"exact":false},{"donorName":"WELLS FARGO","ldaClient":"WELLS FARGO","donorTotal":11234.77,"exact":true},{"donorName":"PLAINS COTTON GROWERS INC. PAC","ldaClient":"PLAINS COTTON GROWERS, INC.","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL COMMITTEE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COTTON","ldaClient":"NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_M000871","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $87,350 on 2021-03-26 (13.2× normal)","explanation":"Tracey Mann's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $87,350 on 2021-03-26 — 13.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":162353,"maxRatio":15.4,"maxAmount":87350},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-03-26","amount":87350,"ratio":13.2,"baselineDaily":6601,"count":38,"cmteId":"C00460659","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00460659&min_date=2021-03-26&max_date=2021-03-26"},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-08-20","amount":75003,"ratio":15.4,"baselineDaily":4884,"count":45,"cmteId":"C00649491","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00649491&min_date=2018-08-20&max_date=2018-08-20"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00460659/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00460659&min_date=2021-03-26&max_date=2021-03-26"]},{"id":"P109_M000871","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tracey Mann named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.7M total receipts) — top: MANN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Tracey Mann appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MANN VICTORY FUND (C00760215, $1.7M receipts, treasurer WILLIAMSON, LES). Active years: 4, first seen 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.75,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00760215","name":"MANN VICTORY FUND","receipts":1745639.56,"treasurer":"WILLIAMSON, LES","activeYears":4,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760215/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00760215/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00760215/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P138_M000871","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tracey Mann draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.1M PAC / $12.7M total)","explanation":"Tracey Mann's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.1M of $12.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.65,"pacSharePct":32.6,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H0KS01123"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0KS01123/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001310":[{"id":"P11_B001310_yp0s0a","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -8%)","explanation":"Of $6,511,982 in itemized individual contributions, $4,730,396 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":6511982,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-522234,"$200.01-$499":378217,"$500-$999":639472,"$1000-$1999":1286131,"$2000 and over":4730396},"megaShare":72.6,"smallDonorShare":-8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_B001310_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2934 employees of RETIRED gave $1,528,230 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2934× RETIRED = $1,528,230. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":2934,"total":1528230,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001310_m0hmnu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$390,600 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $390,600 across 235 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $33,240.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653147","date":"2018-06-30","amount":390600,"count":235,"baseline":33240,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653147/"]},{"id":"P15_B001310_m0fpp9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$233,456 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $233,456 across 265 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $38,432.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653147","date":"2018-09-30","amount":233456,"count":265,"baseline":38432,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653147/"]},{"id":"P15_B001310_j4mhfr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,350 donation spike on 2024-04-01 — 61× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-01 this committee recorded $120,350 across 61 contributions — 61× the 30-day trailing daily average of $1,972.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653147","date":"2024-04-01","amount":120350,"count":61,"baseline":1972,"ratio":61}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653147/"]},{"id":"P15_B001310_m0gcra","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,550 donation spike on 2018-08-03 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-08-03 this committee recorded $106,550 across 100 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,185.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653147","date":"2018-08-03","amount":106550,"count":100,"baseline":14185,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653147/"]},{"id":"P15_B001310_m0hmpg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,287 donation spike on 2018-06-14 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-14 this committee recorded $79,287 across 61 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,385.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00653147","date":"2018-06-14","amount":79287,"count":61,"baseline":11385,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00653147/"]},{"id":"P29_B001310_7pl5zk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 27 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRAUN, Michael voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 27 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":678,"date":"2024-12-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend title II of the Social Security Act to repeal the Government pen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Labor","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Lauren McGarity McFerran, of the District of Columbia, to be a Member of the Nat"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Cynthia Valenzuela Dixon, of California, to be United States District Judge for "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2024-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tiffany Rene Johnson, of Georgia, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"}],"citations":[]}],"G000588":[{"id":"P11_G000588_8ir927","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"67% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $3,393,658 in itemized individual contributions, $2,258,158 (67%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3393658,"buckets":{"$200 and under":14666,"$200.01-$499":130903,"$500-$999":304417,"$1000-$1999":685514,"$2000 and over":2258158},"megaShare":66.5,"smallDonorShare":0.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000588_aeg1di","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$360,683 donation spike on 2021-10-27 — 20× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-10-27 this committee recorded $360,683 across 219 contributions — 20× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,048.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00654079","date":"2021-10-27","amount":360683,"count":219,"baseline":18048,"ratio":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654079/"]},{"id":"P15_G000588_aeu33z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126,483 donation spike on 2021-09-17 — 21.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-17 this committee recorded $126,483 across 48 contributions — 21.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,921.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00654079","date":"2021-09-17","amount":126483,"count":48,"baseline":5921,"ratio":21.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654079/"]},{"id":"P15_G000588_aexx23","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,000 donation spike on 2021-03-04 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-04 this committee recorded $61,000 across 25 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,594.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00654079","date":"2021-03-04","amount":61000,"count":25,"baseline":5594,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00654079/"]},{"id":"P18_G000588_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Anthony Gonzalez executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-06-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2019-12-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Summer Flounder Fishery; Quota Transfer From VA to RI","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-05-31"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; North Atlantic Swordfish Fishery","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_G000588_AMZN_20220628","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2022-Q2 while AMAZON had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Anthony Gonzalez executed a sell in AMZN during 2022-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON, AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-28","quarter":"2022-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2022-Q2","matchedClients":["AMAZON","AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC","AMAZON WEB SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000588_GS_20190730","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of GS in 2019-Q3 while GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Anthony Gonzalez executed a sell in GS during 2019-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC., THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2019-07-30","quarter":"2019-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2019-Q3","matchedClients":["GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.","THE GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC","GOLDMAN SACHS & CO LLC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_G000588","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Anthony Gonzalez draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.5M PAC / $11.5M total)","explanation":"Anthony Gonzalez's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.5M of $11.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.55,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.5,"pacSharePct":39.5,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H8OH16124"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH16124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_G000588","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Anthony Gonzalez disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL AMZN $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Anthony Gonzalez has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL AMZN $250,001 - $500,000 on 2022-06-28 · BUY GDRX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-03-25.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":350002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","date":"2022-06-28","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"GDRX","action":"BUY","date":"2021-03-25","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"J000174":[{"id":"P11_J000174_nc0igi","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $2,308,544 in itemized individual contributions, $1,495,524 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2308544,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-103718,"$200.01-$499":141886,"$500-$999":244016,"$1000-$1999":530836,"$2000 and over":1495524},"megaShare":64.8,"smallDonorShare":-4.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_J000174","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Johnson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sam Johnson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000174"]},{"id":"P182_J000174_RefundableChildTaxCr","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sam Johnson sponsored \"Refundable Child Tax Credit Eligibility Verification Reform \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sam Johnson has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Refundable Child Tax Credit Eligibility Verification Reform Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"W000824":[{"id":"P11_W000824_vlyztf","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $1,010,131 in itemized individual contributions, $639,930 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1010131,"buckets":{"$200 and under":7094,"$200.01-$499":63205,"$500-$999":108977,"$1000-$1999":190925,"$2000 and over":639930},"megaShare":63.4,"smallDonorShare":0.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000824","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Watkins has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve Watkins triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000824"]}],"W000827":[{"id":"P11_W000827_x4gisw","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"65% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $1,373,040 in itemized individual contributions, $896,824 (65%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1373040,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-22417,"$200.01-$499":81951,"$500-$999":155371,"$1000-$1999":261311,"$2000 and over":896824},"megaShare":65.3,"smallDonorShare":-1.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000827","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Wright has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ron Wright triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000827"]}],"P000587":[{"id":"P11_P000587_mbnhrs","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 6%)","explanation":"Of $7,051,616 in itemized individual contributions, $4,532,630 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":7051616,"buckets":{"$200 and under":402403,"$200.01-$499":517221,"$500-$999":612393,"$1000-$1999":986969,"$2000 and over":4532630},"megaShare":64.3,"smallDonorShare":5.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_P000587_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15261 employees of RETIRED gave $1,608,250 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 15261× RETIRED = $1,608,250. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":15261,"total":1608250,"years":["2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000587_5p5zbb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,700 donation spike on 2017-11-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-11-30 this committee recorded $94,700 across 66 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,135.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658401","date":"2017-11-30","amount":94700,"count":66,"baseline":12135,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658401/"]},{"id":"P15_P000587_kd2dvu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,950 donation spike on 2018-04-25 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-25 this committee recorded $88,950 across 61 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,367.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658401","date":"2018-04-25","amount":88950,"count":61,"baseline":14367,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658401/"]},{"id":"P15_P000587_kd1qvk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,250 donation spike on 2018-03-19 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-19 this committee recorded $60,250 across 46 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,274.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658401","date":"2018-03-19","amount":60250,"count":46,"baseline":6274,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658401/"]},{"id":"P15_P000587_l9jz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$250,091 donation spike on 2024-06-30 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-30 this committee recorded $250,091 across 126 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,901.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00842039","date":"2024-06-30","amount":250091,"count":126,"baseline":17901,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842039/"]},{"id":"P15_P000587_l9kl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$203,054 donation spike on 2024-06-29 — 21.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-29 this committee recorded $203,054 across 84 contributions — 21.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,280.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00842039","date":"2024-06-29","amount":203054,"count":84,"baseline":9280,"ratio":21.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00842039/"]}],"R000615":[{"id":"P11_R000615_54witt","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"120% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -40%)","explanation":"Of $4,149,034 in itemized individual contributions, $4,973,600 (120%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4149034,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1668216,"$200.01-$499":150096,"$500-$999":208256,"$1000-$1999":485298,"$2000 and over":4973600},"megaShare":119.9,"smallDonorShare":-40.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000615_rr0u5o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$290,235 donation spike on 2018-04-20 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-20 this committee recorded $290,235 across 180 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $35,198.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00670695","date":"2018-04-20","amount":290235,"count":180,"baseline":35198,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00670695/"]},{"id":"P15_R000615_rr0u4z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$135,900 donation spike on 2018-04-16 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-16 this committee recorded $135,900 across 112 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,974.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00670695","date":"2018-04-16","amount":135900,"count":112,"baseline":18974,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00670695/"]},{"id":"P15_R000615_rr244v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,700 donation spike on 2018-06-25 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-25 this committee recorded $125,700 across 72 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,336.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00670695","date":"2018-06-25","amount":125700,"count":72,"baseline":12336,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00670695/"]},{"id":"P15_R000615_rri2r9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,000 donation spike on 2018-10-02 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-02 this committee recorded $79,000 across 36 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,155.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00670695","date":"2018-10-02","amount":79000,"count":36,"baseline":10155,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00670695/"]},{"id":"P29_R000615_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with UT R delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROMNEY, Willard Mitt (Mitt) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Noel Wise, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern Di"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Cynthia Valenzuela Dixon, of California, to be United States District Judge for "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2024-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tiffany Rene Johnson, of Georgia, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"}],"citations":[]}],"S000772":[{"id":"P11_S000772_lw2phm","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"75% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $106,450 in itemized individual contributions, $79,400 (75%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":106450,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-10400,"$200.01-$499":4450,"$500-$999":8500,"$1000-$1999":24500,"$2000 and over":79400},"megaShare":74.6,"smallDonorShare":-9.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000772","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward J. Stack has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Edward J. Stack triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000772"]}],"H001092":[{"id":"P11_H001092_ldgt9a","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $231,862 in itemized individual contributions, $139,700 (60%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":231862,"buckets":{"$200 and under":662,"$200.01-$499":13050,"$500-$999":25200,"$1000-$1999":53250,"$2000 and over":139700},"megaShare":60.3,"smallDonorShare":0.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H001092","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kwanza Hall has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Kwanza Hall triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001092"]}],"V000134":[{"id":"P11_V000134_6iawen","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -4%)","explanation":"Of $4,414,495 in itemized individual contributions, $2,724,553 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4414495,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-185723,"$200.01-$499":264063,"$500-$999":627812,"$1000-$1999":983790,"$2000 and over":2724553},"megaShare":61.7,"smallDonorShare":-4.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_V000134_fosnxz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$135,193 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $135,193 across 314 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,615.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714865","date":"2020-09-30","amount":135193,"count":314,"baseline":15615,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714865/"]},{"id":"P15_V000134_foqqze","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,567 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $75,567 across 72 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,184.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714865","date":"2020-06-30","amount":75567,"count":72,"baseline":7184,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714865/"]},{"id":"P15_V000134_bb5tcz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,600 donation spike on 2023-07-20 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-07-20 this committee recorded $50,600 across 85 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,175.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00714865","date":"2023-07-20","amount":50600,"count":85,"baseline":4175,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714865/"]},{"id":"P62_V000134","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $75,567 on 2020-06-30 (10.5× normal)","explanation":"Beth Van Duyne's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $75,567 on 2020-06-30 — 10.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":126167,"maxRatio":12.1,"maxAmount":75567},{"source":"spike","date":"2020-06-30","amount":75567,"ratio":10.5,"baselineDaily":7184,"count":72,"cmteId":"C00714865","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714865&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-07-20","amount":50600,"ratio":12.1,"baselineDaily":4175,"count":85,"cmteId":"C00714865","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714865&min_date=2023-07-20&max_date=2023-07-20"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00714865/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00714865&min_date=2020-06-30&max_date=2020-06-30"]},{"id":"P86_V000134","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Beth Van Duyne named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Beth Van Duyne appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Beth Van Duyne","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-beth/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-beth/"]},{"id":"P174_V000134","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Beth Van Duyne has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Beth Van Duyne triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/V000134"]}],"L000266":[{"id":"P11_L000266_kx4ape","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"88% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -9%)","explanation":"Of $2,839,965 in itemized individual contributions, $2,487,112 (88%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2839965,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-261124,"$200.01-$499":75629,"$500-$999":155077,"$1000-$1999":383271,"$2000 and over":2487112},"megaShare":87.6,"smallDonorShare":-9.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000266_v86ohs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$177,170 donation spike on 2024-05-15 — 25× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-15 this committee recorded $177,170 across 61 contributions — 25× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,097.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718346","date":"2024-05-15","amount":177170,"count":61,"baseline":7097,"ratio":25}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718346/"]},{"id":"P15_L000266_gka9wn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,550 donation spike on 2023-12-19 — 14.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-19 this committee recorded $53,550 across 20 contributions — 14.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,801.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718346","date":"2023-12-19","amount":53550,"count":20,"baseline":3801,"ratio":14.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718346/"]},{"id":"P15_L000266_1ver2u","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,660 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $50,660 across 27 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,382.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00718346","date":"2022-06-30","amount":50660,"count":27,"baseline":6382,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00718346/"]},{"id":"P15_L000266_evuut0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,900 donation spike on 2019-03-29 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-29 this committee recorded $84,900 across 33 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,504.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00693572","date":"2019-03-29","amount":84900,"count":33,"baseline":12504,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00693572/"]}],"C001054":[{"id":"P11_C001054_mbbbj6","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"73% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -11%)","explanation":"Of $2,550,989 in itemized individual contributions, $1,857,131 (73%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2550989,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-271504,"$200.01-$499":100873,"$500-$999":245206,"$1000-$1999":619283,"$2000 and over":1857131},"megaShare":72.8,"smallDonorShare":-10.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001054_5egz3g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$146,918 donation spike on 2024-05-03 — 17.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-03 this committee recorded $146,918 across 72 contributions — 17.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,323.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00697789","date":"2024-05-03","amount":146918,"count":72,"baseline":8323,"ratio":17.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00697789/"]},{"id":"P15_C001054_k2xtbe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,665 donation spike on 2025-09-26 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-26 this committee recorded $55,665 across 28 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,732.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00697789","date":"2025-09-26","amount":55665,"count":28,"baseline":6732,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00697789/"]},{"id":"P174_C001054","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry L. Carl has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jerry L. Carl triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001054"]}],"J000020":[{"id":"P11_J000020_z18vim","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -15%)","explanation":"Of $1,995,301 in itemized individual contributions, $1,671,928 (84%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1995301,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-293409,"$200.01-$499":69196,"$500-$999":184842,"$1000-$1999":362744,"$2000 and over":1671928},"megaShare":83.8,"smallDonorShare":-14.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000020_2q1o9k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$245,950 donation spike on 2019-06-26 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-26 this committee recorded $245,950 across 65 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,372.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706788","date":"2019-06-26","amount":245950,"count":65,"baseline":28372,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706788/"]},{"id":"P15_J000020_5m2hul","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,425 donation spike on 2022-07-08 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-07-08 this committee recorded $61,425 across 26 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,868.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00706788","date":"2022-07-08","amount":61425,"count":26,"baseline":6868,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00706788/"]},{"id":"P18_J000020_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"15 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Chris Jacobs executed 15 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AGNC","date":"2022-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2022-11-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Section 42, Low-Income Housing Credit Average Income Test Regulations; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2022-11-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Section 42, Low-Income Housing Credit Average Income Test Regulations; Correction","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2022-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000020_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Chris Jacobs executed 11 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2022-07-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","date":"2022-06-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Eliminating Continuing Legal Education Certification and Recognition for Patent Practitioners","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2022-11-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Eliminating Continuing Legal Education Certification and Recognition for Patent Practitioners","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2022-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000020_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Chris Jacobs executed 23 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATHA","date":"2022-12-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RLMD","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWTX","date":"2022-12-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Proficiency Testing Related to Analytes and Acceptable Performance; Co","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2022-11-17"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Proficiency Testing Related to Analytes and Acceptable Performance; Co","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2022-11-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_J000020_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Chris Jacobs executed 18 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PXD","date":"2022-12-12","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTRA","date":"2022-12-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Corpus Christi Ship Channel, Corpus Christi, TX","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2022-11-14"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Security Zones; Corpus Christi Ship Channel, Corpus Christi, TX","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2022-11-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_J000020","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"23% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.5× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 242 disclosed trades, 55 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.5× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":55,"total":242,"rate":22.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":3.53}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_J000020_PTEN_20220411","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PTEN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $PTEN 3 days after a corporate insider (Holcomb James Michael  (CIK 0001538623)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PTEN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PTEN","filer":"Holcomb James Michael  (CIK 0001538623)","filingDate":"2022-04-08","adsh":"0001209191-22-023853","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000020_HP_20221212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $HP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $HP 3 days after a corporate insider (Tran Tuan  (CIK 0001793233)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HP","filer":"Tran Tuan  (CIK 0001793233)","filingDate":"2022-12-09","adsh":"0001209191-22-060545","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000020_TSLA_20221212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $TSLA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $TSLA 5 days after a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2022-12-07","adsh":"0001790565-22-000016","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000020_XOM_20221212","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $XOM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $XOM 5 days after a corporate insider (Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Angelakis Michael J  (CIK 0001393014)","filingDate":"2022-12-07","adsh":"0001127602-22-027017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000020_AR_20220718","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AR 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $AR 5 days after a corporate insider (SCHORSCH NICHOLAS S  (CIK 0001248577)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AR","filer":"SCHORSCH NICHOLAS S  (CIK 0001248577)","filingDate":"2022-07-13","adsh":"0000950142-22-002170","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_J000020_SBRA_20220621","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SBRA 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $SBRA 5 days after a corporate insider (Malehorn Jeffrey A.  (CIK 0001650988)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBRA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBRA","filer":"Malehorn Jeffrey A.  (CIK 0001650988)","filingDate":"2022-06-16","adsh":"0001862128-22-000064","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_MCD_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MCD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $MCD 1 day before a corporate insider (Georgiadis Mary Margaret Hastings  (CIK 0001401333)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Georgiadis Mary Margaret Hastings  (CIK 0001401333)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001567619-21-000163"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_ECL_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ECL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $ECL 1 day before a corporate insider (LARSON MICHAEL  (CIK 0001098825)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ECL","filer":"LARSON MICHAEL  (CIK 0001098825)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001415889-21-000102"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_F_20200908","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $F 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $F 1 day before a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0001771364-20-000018"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_AMD_20220215","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $AMD 1 day before a corporate insider (PENG VICTOR  (CIK 0001182953)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMD","filer":"PENG VICTOR  (CIK 0001182953)","filingDate":"2022-02-16","adsh":"0000002488-22-000046"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_WMT_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $WMT 1 day before a corporate insider (Harris Carla A  (CIK 0001707351)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WMT","filer":"Harris Carla A  (CIK 0001707351)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001127602-21-000814"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_BXP_20200908","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BXP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $BXP 1 day before a corporate insider (PBRA, LLC  (CIK 0001615816)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BXP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BXP","filer":"PBRA, LLC  (CIK 0001615816)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0000899243-20-024791"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_COP_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $COP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $COP 1 day before a corporate insider (Mullins Eric D.  (CIK 0001524717)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COP","filer":"Mullins Eric D.  (CIK 0001524717)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001209191-21-000861"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_MSI_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $MSI 1 day before a corporate insider (NAIK RAJAN  (CIK 0001750714)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSI","filer":"NAIK RAJAN  (CIK 0001750714)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001750714-21-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_LBRDA_20201221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LBRDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $LBRDA 1 day before a corporate insider (Green Richard R  (CIK 0001452212)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LBRDA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LBRDA","filer":"Green Richard R  (CIK 0001452212)","filingDate":"2020-12-22","adsh":"0001225208-20-015025"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_CIVI_20220621","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CIVI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $CIVI 1 day before a corporate insider (Garbiso Sandra  (CIK 0001722393)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CIVI","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CIVI","filer":"Garbiso Sandra  (CIK 0001722393)","filingDate":"2022-06-22","adsh":"0001509589-22-000099"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_VAR_20210415","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VAR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $VAR 1 day before a corporate insider (WILSON DOW R  (CIK 0001313996)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VAR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VAR","filer":"WILSON DOW R  (CIK 0001313996)","filingDate":"2021-04-16","adsh":"0001127602-21-013922"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_GOOG_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GOOG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $GOOG 2 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0001209191-21-001831"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_JNJ_20200908","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $JNJ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $JNJ 2 days before a corporate insider (WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"WEINBERGER MARK A  (CIK 0001785997)","filingDate":"2020-09-10","adsh":"0001225208-20-011411"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_UNH_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $UNH 2 days before a corporate insider (WILENSKY GAIL R  (CIK 0001018538)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"WILENSKY GAIL R  (CIK 0001018538)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0001209191-21-002287"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_MTB_20210104","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MTB 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $MTB 2 days before a corporate insider (GODRIDGE LESLIE V  (CIK 0001209480)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MTB","filer":"GODRIDGE LESLIE V  (CIK 0001209480)","filingDate":"2021-01-06","adsh":"0001209191-21-001881"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_AR_20220411","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $AR 2 days before a corporate insider (SCHORSCH NICHOLAS S  (CIK 0001248577)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AR","filer":"SCHORSCH NICHOLAS S  (CIK 0001248577)","filingDate":"2022-04-13","adsh":"0000950142-22-001392"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_PFE_20221212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PFE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $PFE 4 days before a corporate insider (DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)","filingDate":"2022-12-16","adsh":"0001225208-22-012886"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_HP_20221212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HP 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $HP 4 days before a corporate insider (HP J GP LLC  (CIK 0001950630)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HP","filer":"HP J GP LLC  (CIK 0001950630)","filingDate":"2022-12-16","adsh":"0000921895-22-003228"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_PFE_20221007","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PFE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $PFE 6 days before a corporate insider (BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"BOURLA ALBERT  (CIK 0001595703)","filingDate":"2022-10-13","adsh":"0001225208-22-010962"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_CTRA_20220621","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CTRA 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $CTRA 6 days before a corporate insider (Hlavinka Gary J.  (CIK 0001927645)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTRA","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTRA","filer":"Hlavinka Gary J.  (CIK 0001927645)","filingDate":"2022-06-27","adsh":"0001209191-22-039483"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_PLUG_20220718","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PLUG 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $PLUG 8 days before a corporate insider (Silver Jonathan M  (CIK 0001745274)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PLUG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PLUG","filer":"Silver Jonathan M  (CIK 0001745274)","filingDate":"2022-07-26","adsh":"0001104659-22-082786"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_TSLA_20220718","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs buy $TSLA 9 days before a corporate insider (Musk Kimbal  (CIK 0001494731)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Musk Kimbal  (CIK 0001494731)","filingDate":"2022-07-27","adsh":"0001494731-22-000001"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_CVX_20200908","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CVX 9 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $CVX 9 days before a corporate insider (Huntsman Jon M Jr  (CIK 0001541785)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVX","filer":"Huntsman Jon M Jr  (CIK 0001541785)","filingDate":"2020-09-17","adsh":"0001127602-20-025302"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_HD_20221108","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HD 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $HD 10 days before a corporate insider (Siddiqui Fahim  (CIK 0001926550)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HD","filer":"Siddiqui Fahim  (CIK 0001926550)","filingDate":"2022-11-18","adsh":"0000354950-22-000236"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_META_20221212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $META 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Chris Jacobs sell $META 10 days before a corporate insider (Lambert Anne Barber  (CIK 0001886866)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"META","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-12-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"META","filer":"Lambert Anne Barber  (CIK 0001886866)","filingDate":"2022-12-22","adsh":"0000899243-22-039248"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_J000020_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Chris Jacobs accumulated 26 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P65_J000020_2022-06-16","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"44 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2022-06-16 — 43 unique tickers","explanation":"Chris Jacobs executed 44 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2022-06-16 to 2022-06-21), spanning 43 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2022-06-16","windowEnd":"2022-06-21","tradeCount":44,"uniqueTickers":43,"totalDisclosedTrades":242,"sampleTickers":["UUUU","ALLK","AXSM","PTEN","GEVO","GNK","PLAN","NBR","UEC","ACAD"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_J000020","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chris Jacobs executed 14 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL SAVA (27d apart)","explanation":"Chris Jacobs has 14 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL SAVA 2022-06-21 → 2022-07-18 (27d) · BUY→SELL SAVA 2022-10-12 → 2022-11-08 (27d) · BUY→SELL CIVI 2022-06-21 → 2022-07-18 (27d) · BUY→SELL FHN 2022-06-21 → 2022-07-18 (27d) · BUY→SELL DOC 2022-06-21 → 2022-07-18 (27d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":14,"samples":[{"ticker":"SAVA","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-06-21","date2":"2022-07-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SAVA","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-10-12","date2":"2022-11-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CIVI","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-06-21","date2":"2022-07-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"FHN","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-06-21","date2":"2022-07-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DOC","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-06-21","date2":"2022-07-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IIPR","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-06-21","date2":"2022-07-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VTRSV","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-06-21","date2":"2022-07-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UBSI","days":27,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-06-21","date2":"2022-07-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_J000020","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chris Jacobs triggers 22 HIGH-severity findings across 8 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Chris Jacobs accumulates 22 HIGH-severity findings across 8 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":22,"distinctDetectorTypes":8}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_J000020_2022-12-12","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chris Jacobs — 41 trades on 2022-12-12","explanation":"Chris Jacobs disclosed 41 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2022-12-12). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2022-12-12","count":41}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_J000020","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chris Jacobs — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (242/242)","explanation":"Chris Jacobs's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":242,"atBracket":242,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_J000020","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chris Jacobs — 142 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Chris Jacobs has traded 142 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":142,"sample":["NTST","BAC","HD","SAVA","INSW.V","PCVX","NESR","META","HLX","XPRO"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_J000020","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Jacobs — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Chris Jacobs has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["SQ","UBER"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"C000638":[{"id":"P11_C000638_92jb9o","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $3,244,100 in itemized individual contributions, $2,301,360 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3244100,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-35833,"$200.01-$499":147981,"$500-$999":243288,"$1000-$1999":587304,"$2000 and over":2301360},"megaShare":70.9,"smallDonorShare":-1.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C000638_u1cl2r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150,339 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $150,339 across 186 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,409.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00715235","date":"2020-09-30","amount":150339,"count":186,"baseline":21409,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00715235/"]},{"id":"P15_C000638_8qi48q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,700 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $76,700 across 39 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,765.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00715235","date":"2019-12-31","amount":76700,"count":39,"baseline":7765,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00715235/"]},{"id":"P15_C000638_u1cl09","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,370 donation spike on 2020-09-03 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-03 this committee recorded $65,370 across 44 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,133.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00715235","date":"2020-09-03","amount":65370,"count":44,"baseline":9133,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00715235/"]},{"id":"P174_C000638","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James M. Collins has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"James M. Collins triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000638"]},{"id":"P200_C000638","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James M. Collins — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–97)","explanation":"James M. Collins began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000638","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-m-collins/C000638"]}],"T000477":[{"id":"P11_T000477_o5smzo","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $2,183,312 in itemized individual contributions, $1,364,110 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2183312,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-54338,"$200.01-$499":166262,"$500-$999":265977,"$1000-$1999":441301,"$2000 and over":1364110},"megaShare":62.5,"smallDonorShare":-2.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_T000477","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Taylor has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Scott Taylor triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000477"]}],"B001311":[{"id":"P11_B001311_5rsemr","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $3,933,089 in itemized individual contributions, $2,460,954 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3933089,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-88699,"$200.01-$499":243260,"$500-$999":450532,"$1000-$1999":867042,"$2000 and over":2460954},"megaShare":62.6,"smallDonorShare":-2.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001311_syhg9n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,700 donation spike on 2023-07-21 — 18.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-07-21 this committee recorded $77,700 across 27 contributions — 18.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,178.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00699660","date":"2023-07-21","amount":77700,"count":27,"baseline":4178,"ratio":18.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00699660/"]},{"id":"P174_B001311","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Bishop has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dan Bishop triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001311"]}],"M001186":[{"id":"P11_M001186_65nlwb","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"97% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -23%)","explanation":"Of $4,394,344 in itemized individual contributions, $4,280,396 (97%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4394344,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-1009661,"$200.01-$499":133707,"$500-$999":237920,"$1000-$1999":751982,"$2000 and over":4280396},"megaShare":97.4,"smallDonorShare":-23}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001186_kq8oyr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$479,194 donation spike on 2022-09-27 — 20.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-27 this committee recorded $479,194 across 180 contributions — 20.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,660.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2022-09-27","amount":479194,"count":180,"baseline":23660,"ratio":20.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_nma5ib","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$203,400 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 15.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $203,400 across 137 contributions — 15.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,188.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2019-09-30","amount":203400,"count":137,"baseline":13188,"ratio":15.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_61qku9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$116,007 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $116,007 across 60 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,021.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2021-03-31","amount":116007,"count":60,"baseline":10021,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_8mlsf8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,140 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $94,140 across 75 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,179.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2020-06-30","amount":94140,"count":75,"baseline":7179,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_8mjvgn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,636 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $88,636 across 58 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,954.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2020-09-30","amount":88636,"count":58,"baseline":12954,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_nmph70","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,256 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $86,256 across 62 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,665.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2019-12-31","amount":86256,"count":62,"baseline":7665,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_8mnpds","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,041 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 13× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $78,041 across 61 contributions — 13× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,999.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2020-03-31","amount":78041,"count":61,"baseline":5999,"ratio":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_6293f0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,510 donation spike on 2021-11-17 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-17 this committee recorded $60,510 across 47 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,470.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2021-11-17","amount":60510,"count":47,"baseline":5470,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_kq7ezq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,150 donation spike on 2022-07-28 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-07-28 this committee recorded $59,150 across 37 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,014.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2022-07-28","amount":59150,"count":37,"baseline":8014,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_8mjvi6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,780 donation spike on 2020-09-17 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-17 this committee recorded $51,780 across 28 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,505.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00710962","date":"2020-09-17","amount":51780,"count":28,"baseline":6505,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00710962/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_7tmrfe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$99,560 donation spike on 2023-12-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-31 this committee recorded $99,560 across 62 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,419.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00855668","date":"2023-12-31","amount":99560,"count":62,"baseline":12419,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855668/"]},{"id":"P15_M001186_7tmrh4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,375 donation spike on 2023-12-11 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-11 this committee recorded $88,375 across 58 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,316.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00855668","date":"2023-12-11","amount":88375,"count":58,"baseline":14316,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00855668/"]},{"id":"P17_M001186_TSM_2021-02-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold TSM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-02-03 and 2021-02-08, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on TSM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2021-02-03","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"TSM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"}],"span":"2021-02-03 to 2021-02-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001186_BABA_2021-01-22","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-01-22 and 2021-01-28, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-01-22","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"N000192","name":"Marie Newman"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"}],"span":"2021-01-22 to 2021-01-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001186_BABA_2021-02-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-02-16 and 2021-02-23, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"},{"bioguideId":"M001213","name":"Blake Moore"}],"span":"2021-02-16 to 2021-02-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001186_BABA_2021-02-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BABA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-02-17 and 2021-02-23, 3 members took the same direction on BABA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BABA","date":"2021-02-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BABA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001186","name":"Peter Meijer"},{"bioguideId":"M001213","name":"Blake Moore"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"}],"span":"2021-02-17 to 2021-02-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001186_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"35 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Meijer executed 35 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSM","date":"2021-02-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHKP","date":"2021-02-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCHP","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMD","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2021-01-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain","agency":"Commerce Department","date":"2021-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001186_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Meijer executed 21 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tax on Excess Tax-Exempt Organization Executive Compensation","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2021-01-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Tax on Excess Tax-Exempt Organization Executive Compensation","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2021-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001186_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Meijer executed 13 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FANG","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMS","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Coronavirus Food Assistance Program; Additional Assistance","agency":"Agriculture Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2021-01-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Coronavirus Food Assistance Program; Additional Assistance","agency":"Agriculture Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2021-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001186_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Meijer executed 10 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2022; Updates to State Inno","agency":"Treasury Department, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2021-01-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2022; Updates to State Inno","agency":"Treasury Department, Health and Human Services Department","date":"2021-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001186_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter Meijer executed 4 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2021-01-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2021-01-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2021-04; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2021-01-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2021-04; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2021-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_M001186_qv38zi","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 7 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Peter Meijer sits on committees overseeing Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 7 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["National Transportation Safety Board","Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3321853.0300000003,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SPGI","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":789066,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2021-02-16","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_M001186","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 4 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Peter Meijer sits on committees regulating Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Transportation, Technology, Defense, Telecom. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":4},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":35},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":4},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_M001186","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 24 total findings","explanation":"Peter Meijer has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":24,"highSeverityCount":9,"patternsList":["P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_M001186_T_20210305","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in T 17 days before SEC action","explanation":"Peter Meijer sold T within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2021-03-05","title":"AT&T, Inc., et al.","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045"]},{"id":"P40_M001186_TGT_20210301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in TGT 13 days before FTC action","explanation":"Peter Meijer sold TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2021-03-01","title":"FTC Acts to Stop Scam Targeting Prisoners and Their Families with Bogus Magazine Offer","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/03/ftc-acts-stop-scam-targeting-prisoners-their-families-bogus-magazine-offer"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/03/ftc-acts-stop-scam-targeting-prisoners-their-families-bogus-magazine-offer"]},{"id":"P40_M001186_TGT_20210301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in TGT 13 days before FTC action","explanation":"Peter Meijer sold TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2021-03-01","title":"Operators of Bogus Income Scam Targeting Latinas Face FTC Settlement","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/03/operators-bogus-income-scam-targeting-latinas-face-ftc-settlement"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/03/operators-bogus-income-scam-targeting-latinas-face-ftc-settlement"]},{"id":"P37_M001186_AMZN_20210216","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AMZN in 2021-Q1 while MILLER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Peter Meijer executed a sell in AMZN during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MILLER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC., AMAZON). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["MILLER STRATEGIES, LLC ON BEHALF OF AMAZON WEB SERVICES, INC.","AMAZON","AMAZON WEB SERVICES"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001186_MSFT_20210216","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MSFT in 2021-Q1 while MICROSOFT CORPORATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Peter Meijer executed a sell in MSFT during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (MICROSOFT CORPORATION, MICROSOFT). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["MICROSOFT CORPORATION","MICROSOFT","MICROSOFT CORP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001186_AAPL_20210216","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2021-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Peter Meijer executed a sell in AAPL during 2021-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., US APPLE ASSOCIATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16","quarter":"2021-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2021-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","US APPLE ASSOCIATION","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_V_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $V 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $V 4 days after a corporate insider (Green Equity Investors V, L.P.  (CIK 0001449644)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Green Equity Investors V, L.P.  (CIK 0001449644)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-010404","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_GPN_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GPN 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $GPN 4 days after a corporate insider (SHEFFIELD DAVID M  (CIK 0001441089)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GPN","filer":"SHEFFIELD DAVID M  (CIK 0001441089)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001127602-21-005516","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_T_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $T 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $T 4 days after a corporate insider (Schara William V  (CIK 0001353941)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"T","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"T","filer":"Schara William V  (CIK 0001353941)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001052918-21-000027","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_ISRG_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ISRG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $ISRG 4 days after a corporate insider (MOHR MARSHALL  (CIK 0001252986)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ISRG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ISRG","filer":"MOHR MARSHALL  (CIK 0001252986)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001035267-21-000030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_NEM_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NEM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $NEM 4 days after a corporate insider (Engel E Randall  (CIK 0001397788)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEM","filer":"Engel E Randall  (CIK 0001397788)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001164727-21-000018","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_NEE_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NEE 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $NEE 4 days after a corporate insider (HACHIGIAN KIRK S  (CIK 0001210484)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"HACHIGIAN KIRK S  (CIK 0001210484)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0000753308-21-000016","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_USB_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $USB 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $USB 4 days after a corporate insider (Ellison-Taylor Kimberly N  (CIK 0001842808)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"Ellison-Taylor Kimberly N  (CIK 0001842808)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001225208-21-002354","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_ST_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ST 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $ST 4 days after a corporate insider (Omega Fund V, L.P.  (CIK 0001641354)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ST","filer":"Omega Fund V, L.P.  (CIK 0001641354)","filingDate":"2021-02-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-010367","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_RMD_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $RMD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $RMD 5 days after a corporate insider (Sandercock Brett  (CIK 0001346064)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RMD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RMD","filer":"Sandercock Brett  (CIK 0001346064)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001127602-21-005251","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_KKR_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $KKR 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $KKR 5 days after a corporate insider (Tactical Value SPN-KREF Holdings L.P.  (CIK 0001705139)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KKR","filer":"Tactical Value SPN-KREF Holdings L.P.  (CIK 0001705139)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001140361-21-004440","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_MSCI_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSCI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $MSCI 5 days after a corporate insider (Pettit CD Baer  (CIK 0001416752)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSCI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSCI","filer":"Pettit CD Baer  (CIK 0001416752)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001209191-21-009625","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_ZTS_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ZTS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $ZTS 5 days after a corporate insider (Trawicki Roman  (CIK 0001640777)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ZTS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ZTS","filer":"Trawicki Roman  (CIK 0001640777)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001555280-21-000042","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_PH_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PH 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $PH 5 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001567619-21-003108","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_JNJ_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JNJ 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $JNJ 5 days after a corporate insider (Joly Hubert  (CIK 0001467638)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Joly Hubert  (CIK 0001467638)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001225208-21-002222","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_BEN_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BEN 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $BEN 5 days after a corporate insider (Ben Tora Eldad  (CIK 0001801365)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BEN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BEN","filer":"Ben Tora Eldad  (CIK 0001801365)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001801365-21-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_PODD_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PODD 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $PODD 5 days after a corporate insider (Spears Michael P  (CIK 0001667779)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PODD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PODD","filer":"Spears Michael P  (CIK 0001667779)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001127602-21-005248","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_MAS_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MAS 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $MAS 5 days after a corporate insider (MAS MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001698658)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$802.14","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MAS","filer":"MAS MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001698658)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001567619-21-003088","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_SEE_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SEE 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $SEE 5 days after a corporate insider (GOLDENTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001278951)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SEE","filer":"GOLDENTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001278951)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001567619-21-003165","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_PSX_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $PSX 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $PSX 5 days after a corporate insider (Mandell Brian  (CIK 0001641265)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PSX","filer":"Mandell Brian  (CIK 0001641265)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001534701-21-000063","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_DXC_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DXC 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $DXC 5 days after a corporate insider (FERNANDEZ RAUL J  (CIK 0001106627)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXC","filer":"FERNANDEZ RAUL J  (CIK 0001106627)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001688568-21-000010","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_M001186_GT_20210216","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $GT 5 days after a corporate insider (GOLDENTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001278951)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GT","action":"SELL","amount":"$496.90","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GT","filer":"GOLDENTREE ASSET MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001278951)","filingDate":"2021-02-11","adsh":"0001567619-21-003165","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_A_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $A 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $A 1 day before a corporate insider (VERDE INVESTMENTS, INC.  (CIK 0001704727)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"A","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"A","filer":"VERDE INVESTMENTS, INC.  (CIK 0001704727)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001209191-21-011513"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_STT_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $STT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $STT 1 day before a corporate insider (Maiuri Louis D  (CIK 0001676784)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"STT","filer":"Maiuri Louis D  (CIK 0001676784)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0000093751-21-000468"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_KKR_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KKR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $KKR 1 day before a corporate insider (KKR Group Partnership L.P.  (CIK 0001472698)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KKR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KKR","filer":"KKR Group Partnership L.P.  (CIK 0001472698)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001140361-21-005284"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_BSX_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BSX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $BSX 1 day before a corporate insider (Scanlon Meghan  (CIK 0001801586)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BSX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BSX","filer":"Scanlon Meghan  (CIK 0001801586)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001225208-21-002711"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_CCL_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CCL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $CCL 1 day before a corporate insider (Anderson Peter C.  (CIK 0001835123)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCL","filer":"Anderson Peter C.  (CIK 0001835123)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_DXCM_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $DXCM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $DXCM 1 day before a corporate insider (AUGUSTINOS NICHOLAS  (CIK 0001238485)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DXCM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DXCM","filer":"AUGUSTINOS NICHOLAS  (CIK 0001238485)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001093557-21-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_GPN_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $GPN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $GPN 1 day before a corporate insider (WOODS M TROY  (CIK 0001181991)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GPN","filer":"WOODS M TROY  (CIK 0001181991)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006319"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_AMZN_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AMZN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $AMZN 1 day before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006212"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_VMC_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VMC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $VMC 1 day before a corporate insider (Perkins Jerry F Jr  (CIK 0001667316)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VMC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VMC","filer":"Perkins Jerry F Jr  (CIK 0001667316)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001562180-21-001234"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_PH_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $PH 1 day before a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PH","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001567619-21-004280"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_ADBE_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADBE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $ADBE 1 day before a corporate insider (Belsky Scott  (CIK 0001674730)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADBE","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADBE","filer":"Belsky Scott  (CIK 0001674730)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0000796343-21-000042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_JNJ_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $JNJ 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $JNJ 1 day before a corporate insider (Stoffels Paulus  (CIK 0001559387)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Stoffels Paulus  (CIK 0001559387)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001225208-21-002853"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_LIN_20210209","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LIN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $LIN 1 day before a corporate insider (LIN YI-HSIU  (CIK 0001795995)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LIN","filer":"LIN YI-HSIU  (CIK 0001795995)","filingDate":"2021-02-10","adsh":"0001493152-21-003238"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_APD_20210128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $APD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $APD 1 day before a corporate insider (Cogut Charles I  (CIK 0001648779)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APD","filer":"Cogut Charles I  (CIK 0001648779)","filingDate":"2021-01-29","adsh":"0001225208-21-001264"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_RIO_20210128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RIO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $RIO 1 day before a corporate insider (VERDE INVESTMENTS, INC.  (CIK 0001704727)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RIO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RIO","filer":"VERDE INVESTMENTS, INC.  (CIK 0001704727)","filingDate":"2021-01-29","adsh":"0001209191-21-006284"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_PNC_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PNC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $PNC 1 day before a corporate insider (Reilly Robert Q  (CIK 0001454231)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNC","filer":"Reilly Robert Q  (CIK 0001454231)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001209191-21-011502"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_MS_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $MS 1 day before a corporate insider (EPCO Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001338290)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MS","filer":"EPCO Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001338290)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001209191-21-011145"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_FITB_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FITB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $FITB 1 day before a corporate insider (Leonard James C.  (CIK 0001591295)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FITB","filer":"Leonard James C.  (CIK 0001591295)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0000035527-21-000073"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_TMO_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TMO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $TMO 1 day before a corporate insider (Lagarde Michel  (CIK 0001518973)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TMO","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TMO","filer":"Lagarde Michel  (CIK 0001518973)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006138"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_USB_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $USB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $USB 1 day before a corporate insider (Kedia Gunjan  (CIK 0001628719)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"Kedia Gunjan  (CIK 0001628719)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001225208-21-002727"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_EXPE_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EXPE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $EXPE 1 day before a corporate insider (Kern Peter M  (CIK 0001335751)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXPE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXPE","filer":"Kern Peter M  (CIK 0001335751)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001225208-21-002871"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_EQIX_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $EQIX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $EQIX 1 day before a corporate insider (PAISLEY CHRISTOPHER B  (CIK 0001189229)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EQIX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EQIX","filer":"PAISLEY CHRISTOPHER B  (CIK 0001189229)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006237"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_MMC_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MMC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $MMC 1 day before a corporate insider (Anderson Anthony  (CIK 0001559294)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMC","filer":"Anderson Anthony  (CIK 0001559294)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001127602-21-006160"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_AON_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AON 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $AON 1 day before a corporate insider (Davies Christa  (CIK 0001419356)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AON","filer":"Davies Christa  (CIK 0001419356)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0001209191-21-011506"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_MTCH_20210216","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MTCH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter Meijer sell $MTCH 1 day before a corporate insider (Swidler Gary  (CIK 0001658502)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTCH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MTCH","filer":"Swidler Gary  (CIK 0001658502)","filingDate":"2021-02-17","adsh":"0000891103-21-000005"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001186_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+51 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Peter Meijer accumulated 76 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 51 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":51,"totalRaw":76}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P65_M001186_2021-02-11","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"207 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2021-02-11 — 206 unique tickers","explanation":"Peter Meijer executed 207 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2021-02-11 to 2021-02-17), spanning 206 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2021-02-11","windowEnd":"2021-02-17","tradeCount":207,"uniqueTickers":206,"totalDisclosedTrades":266,"sampleTickers":["BABA","MSCI","MCHP","ST","TFC","AMD","SLB","WYND","LOW","FANG"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_M001186","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 79 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Peter Meijer appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 79 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (21); daily donation spike (12); reg rule trade proximity (5); coordinated trade cluster (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":79,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":21},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":12},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":5},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":3},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":3},{"type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/M001186","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_M001186","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Meijer disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL AMZN $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Peter Meijer has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL AMZN $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-02-16 · SELL MSFT $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-02-16 · SELL AAPL $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-02-16.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":300003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","date":"2021-02-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","date":"2021-02-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","date":"2021-02-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001186","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Meijer executed 11 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL SBGSY (20d apart)","explanation":"Peter Meijer has 11 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL SBGSY 2021-01-28 → 2021-02-17 (20d) · BUY→SELL TCEHY 2021-01-28 → 2021-02-17 (20d) · SELL→BUY BABA 2021-01-28 → 2021-02-11 (14d) · BUY→SELL BABA 2021-02-11 → 2021-02-17 (6d) · BUY→SELL CHKP 2021-01-26 → 2021-02-17 (22d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":11,"samples":[{"ticker":"SBGSY","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-28","date2":"2021-02-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"TCEHY","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-28","date2":"2021-02-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"BABA","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-01-28","date2":"2021-02-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BABA","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-02-11","date2":"2021-02-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CHKP","days":22,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-26","date2":"2021-02-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"SAP","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-26","date2":"2021-01-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-13","date2":"2021-01-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MRK","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-13","date2":"2021-01-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_M001186","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Meijer triggers 40 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Peter Meijer accumulates 40 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":40,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_M001186_2021-02-16","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Meijer — 161 trades on 2021-02-16","explanation":"Peter Meijer disclosed 161 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2021-02-16). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2021-02-16","count":161}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001186","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter Meijer — 96% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (255/266)","explanation":"Peter Meijer's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 96% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":266,"atBracket":255,"pct":"95.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001186","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter Meijer — 221 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Peter Meijer has traded 221 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":221,"sample":["DE","KMTUY","CNI","FUPBY","TSM","BBVA","DASTY","RDS.B","FANUY","LIN"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_M001186","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Meijer — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Peter Meijer has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["LYFT","UBER"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"E000063":[{"id":"P11_E000063_4oawla","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -17%)","explanation":"Of $4,053,237 in itemized individual contributions, $2,913,364 (72%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":4053237,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-674059,"$200.01-$499":328508,"$500-$999":522262,"$1000-$1999":963162,"$2000 and over":2913364},"megaShare":71.9,"smallDonorShare":-16.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_E000063_skwng1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,849 donation spike on 2020-03-09 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-09 this committee recorded $82,849 across 46 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,233.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00712737","date":"2020-03-09","amount":82849,"count":46,"baseline":6233,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00712737/"]},{"id":"P15_E000063_h4v00q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,250 donation spike on 2025-03-20 — 12.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-20 this committee recorded $75,250 across 38 contributions — 12.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,924.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00843227","date":"2025-03-20","amount":75250,"count":38,"baseline":5924,"ratio":12.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00843227/"]},{"id":"P15_E000063_h4t31a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,812 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $63,812 across 67 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,680.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00843227","date":"2025-06-30","amount":63812,"count":67,"baseline":9680,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00843227/"]},{"id":"P15_E000063_2ghcs6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,245 donation spike on 2026-02-22 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2026-02-22 this committee recorded $61,245 across 19 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,311.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00843227","date":"2026-02-22","amount":61245,"count":19,"baseline":8311,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00843227/"]},{"id":"P15_E000063_h4v00p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,250 donation spike on 2025-03-21 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-21 this committee recorded $56,250 across 25 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,805.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00843227","date":"2025-03-21","amount":56250,"count":25,"baseline":7805,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00843227/"]},{"id":"P29_E000063_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"EDWARDS, Thomas Chester (Chet) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1647,"date":"2010-12-22","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1636,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 105) making furthe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_E000063","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chet Edwards draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.4M PAC / $34.6M total)","explanation":"Chet Edwards's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.4M of $34.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.43,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.62,"pacSharePct":47.5,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H8TX06035"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX06035/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"E000250":[{"id":"P11_E000250_ihieft","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"76% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $863,949 in itemized individual contributions, $659,007 (76%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":863949,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-58286,"$200.01-$499":34388,"$500-$999":69461,"$1000-$1999":159379,"$2000 and over":659007},"megaShare":76.3,"smallDonorShare":-6.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_E000250_1new4b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,976 donation spike on 2023-12-31 — 18.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-31 this committee recorded $60,976 across 27 contributions — 18.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,291.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00850255","date":"2023-12-31","amount":60976,"count":27,"baseline":3291,"ratio":18.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00850255/"]},{"id":"P29_E000250_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"EVANS, Lane Allen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1180,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007"}],"citations":[]}],"C000116":[{"id":"P11_C000116_luyecd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $127,858 in itemized individual contributions, $81,800 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":127858,"buckets":{"$200 and under":305,"$200.01-$499":5077,"$500-$999":9800,"$1000-$1999":30876,"$2000 and over":81800},"megaShare":64,"smallDonorShare":0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000116","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Cannon has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Chris Cannon triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000116"]}],"M000718":[{"id":"P11_M000718_ld89l2","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"84% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -12%)","explanation":"Of $2,750,019 in itemized individual contributions, $2,301,867 (84%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2750019,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-320064,"$200.01-$499":121948,"$500-$999":181432,"$1000-$1999":464836,"$2000 and over":2301867},"megaShare":83.7,"smallDonorShare":-11.6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M000718_shlc1f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,080 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $84,080 across 79 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,130.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00770818","date":"2021-06-30","amount":84080,"count":79,"baseline":7130,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00770818/"]},{"id":"P29_M000718_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MILLER, Clarence E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P185_M000718","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Clarence E. Miller — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Clarence E. Miller served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000718","https://www.congress.gov/member/clarence-e-miller/M000718"]},{"id":"P200_M000718","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clarence E. Miller — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–102)","explanation":"Clarence E. Miller began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000718","https://www.congress.gov/member/clarence-e-miller/M000718"]}],"L000148":[{"id":"P11_L000148_ef2wzi","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $12,038,532 in itemized individual contributions, $8,452,344 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":12038532,"buckets":{"$200 and under":132330,"$200.01-$499":863137,"$500-$999":1010788,"$1000-$1999":1579933,"$2000 and over":8452344},"megaShare":70.2,"smallDonorShare":1.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P14_L000148_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37016 employees of RETIRED gave $4,434,311 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 37016× RETIRED = $4,434,311. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":37016,"total":4434311,"years":["2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000148_8yairk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$294,855 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $294,855 across 231 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $36,954.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00787135","date":"2022-03-31","amount":294855,"count":231,"baseline":36954,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00787135/"]},{"id":"P15_L000148_5pzxjc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$273,420 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $273,420 across 155 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $42,555.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00787135","date":"2021-09-30","amount":273420,"count":155,"baseline":42555,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00787135/"]},{"id":"P15_L000148_5pklun","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$189,133 donation spike on 2021-12-31 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-31 this committee recorded $189,133 across 103 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $29,150.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00787135","date":"2021-12-31","amount":189133,"count":103,"baseline":29150,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00787135/"]},{"id":"P15_L000148_8yaip2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$130,300 donation spike on 2022-03-04 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-04 this committee recorded $130,300 across 99 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,362.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00787135","date":"2022-03-04","amount":130300,"count":99,"baseline":17362,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00787135/"]},{"id":"P15_L000148_5pklw7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$122,000 donation spike on 2021-12-17 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-17 this committee recorded $122,000 across 66 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,250.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00787135","date":"2021-12-17","amount":122000,"count":66,"baseline":17250,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00787135/"]},{"id":"P200_L000148","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul D. Laxalt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–99)","explanation":"Paul D. Laxalt began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000148","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-d-laxalt/L000148"]}],"C001135":[{"id":"P11_C001135_8minpu","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $3,328,475 in itemized individual contributions, $2,131,993 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":3328475,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-72407,"$200.01-$499":217883,"$500-$999":435057,"$1000-$1999":615949,"$2000 and over":2131993},"megaShare":64.1,"smallDonorShare":-2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001135_mnk769","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,569 donation spike on 2024-03-08 — 14.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-08 this committee recorded $74,569 across 87 contributions — 14.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,240.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00784520","date":"2024-03-08","amount":74569,"count":87,"baseline":5240,"ratio":14.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784520/"]},{"id":"P174_C001135","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lori Chavez-DeRemer has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lori Chavez-DeRemer triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001135"]}],"D000632":[{"id":"P11_D000632_ldo58t","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"68% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -9%)","explanation":"Of $2,746,437 in itemized individual contributions, $1,874,072 (68%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":2746437,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-250402,"$200.01-$499":174040,"$500-$999":253361,"$1000-$1999":695366,"$2000 and over":1874072},"megaShare":68.2,"smallDonorShare":-9.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000632_m1mbh2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,940 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $120,940 across 151 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,955.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00809426","date":"2022-06-30","amount":120940,"count":151,"baseline":13955,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809426/"]},{"id":"P15_D000632_m1mbgd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,600 donation spike on 2022-06-26 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-26 this committee recorded $98,600 across 105 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,678.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00809426","date":"2022-06-26","amount":98600,"count":105,"baseline":9678,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809426/"]},{"id":"P15_D000632_jmp620","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,173 donation spike on 2024-06-30 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-30 this committee recorded $84,173 across 79 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,097.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00809426","date":"2024-06-30","amount":84173,"count":79,"baseline":7097,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809426/"]},{"id":"P15_D000632_jmn93f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,420 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $79,420 across 60 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,355.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00809426","date":"2024-09-30","amount":79420,"count":60,"baseline":8355,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809426/"]},{"id":"P15_D000632_jmpt34","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,400 donation spike on 2024-05-15 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-15 this committee recorded $77,400 across 67 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,524.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00809426","date":"2024-05-15","amount":77400,"count":67,"baseline":6524,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809426/"]},{"id":"P15_D000632_jmnw2y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,451 donation spike on 2024-08-30 — 15.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-30 this committee recorded $57,451 across 37 contributions — 15.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,676.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00809426","date":"2024-08-30","amount":57451,"count":37,"baseline":3676,"ratio":15.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809426/"]},{"id":"P15_D000632_yb5da5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,250 donation spike on 2023-03-17 — 12.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-17 this committee recorded $56,250 across 35 contributions — 12.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,567.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00809426","date":"2023-03-17","amount":56250,"count":35,"baseline":4567,"ratio":12.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00809426/"]},{"id":"P29_D000632_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"D'ESPOSITO, Anthony voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1222,"date":"2024-12-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1221,"date":"2024-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Federal Judiciary Stabilization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":5,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000632","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Anthony D'Esposito has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Anthony D'Esposito triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000632"]}],"B001113":[{"id":"P11_B001113_wombg4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 6%)","explanation":"Of $1,299,014 in itemized individual contributions, $786,670 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1299014,"buckets":{"$200 and under":77988,"$200.01-$499":70113,"$500-$999":129380,"$1000-$1999":234863,"$2000 and over":786670},"megaShare":60.6,"smallDonorShare":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B001113","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill D. Burlison has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bill D. Burlison triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001113"]},{"id":"P200_B001113","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill D. Burlison — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–96)","explanation":"Bill D. Burlison began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001113","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-d-burlison/B001113"]}],"E000233":[{"id":"P11_E000233_w5urbv","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"92% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -19%)","explanation":"Of $1,165,019 in itemized individual contributions, $1,077,400 (92%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1165019,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-227101,"$200.01-$499":45679,"$500-$999":90042,"$1000-$1999":178999,"$2000 and over":1077400},"megaShare":92.5,"smallDonorShare":-19.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_E000233_bsi46v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,250 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $62,250 across 40 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,288.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00784306","date":"2022-03-31","amount":62250,"count":40,"baseline":5288,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00784306/"]},{"id":"P200_E000233","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Billy Lee Evans — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Billy Lee Evans began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000233","https://www.congress.gov/member/billy-lee-evans/E000233"]}],"E000017":[{"id":"P11_E000017_jh58mf","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"90% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -15%)","explanation":"Of $639,722 in itemized individual contributions, $574,900 (90%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":639722,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-96292,"$200.01-$499":24788,"$500-$999":48476,"$1000-$1999":87850,"$2000 and over":574900},"megaShare":89.9,"smallDonorShare":-15.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_E000017_crs5jc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$105,465 donation spike on 2022-05-25 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-25 this committee recorded $105,465 across 41 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,516.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00790550","date":"2022-05-25","amount":105465,"count":41,"baseline":7516,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00790550/"]}],"B000432":[{"id":"P11_B000432_ijn3xd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"76% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -16%)","explanation":"Of $827,509 in itemized individual contributions, $630,722 (76%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":827509,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-131841,"$200.01-$499":64913,"$500-$999":89150,"$1000-$1999":174565,"$2000 and over":630722},"megaShare":76.2,"smallDonorShare":-15.9}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B000432_puvmdf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,833 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $70,833 across 63 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,518.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00804914","date":"2022-03-31","amount":70833,"count":63,"baseline":6518,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00804914/"]},{"id":"P174_B000432","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mario Biaggi has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mario Biaggi triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000432"]},{"id":"P185_B000432","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mario Biaggi — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Mario Biaggi served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000432","https://www.congress.gov/member/mario-biaggi/B000432"]},{"id":"P200_B000432","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mario Biaggi — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–100)","explanation":"Mario Biaggi began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000432","https://www.congress.gov/member/mario-biaggi/B000432"]}],"D000549":[{"id":"P11_D000549_ii4ari","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"64% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 2%)","explanation":"Of $850,007 in itemized individual contributions, $547,100 (64%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":850007,"buckets":{"$200 and under":18632,"$200.01-$499":74922,"$500-$999":87775,"$1000-$1999":121578,"$2000 and over":547100},"megaShare":64.4,"smallDonorShare":2.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000549_xo64hl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$117,001 donation spike on 2022-09-13 — 17.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-13 this committee recorded $117,001 across 46 contributions — 17.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,658.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00795757","date":"2022-09-13","amount":117001,"count":46,"baseline":6658,"ratio":17.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00795757/"]},{"id":"P29_D000549_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DUNN, Jennifer Blackburn voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1216,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1211,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other pu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2004-11-17","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To improve access to physicians in medically underserved areas"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal yea"}],"citations":[]}],"J000211":[{"id":"P11_J000211_jwmmio","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"61% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $564,995 in itemized individual contributions, $345,226 (61%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":564995,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-5847,"$200.01-$499":22440,"$500-$999":39934,"$1000-$1999":163242,"$2000 and over":345226},"megaShare":61.1,"smallDonorShare":-1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_J000211_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JONES, Ben voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":859,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH CARE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_J000211","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Jones has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ben Jones triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000211"]}],"J000283":[{"id":"P11_J000283_wkncmx","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"63% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -1%)","explanation":"Of $1,222,327 in itemized individual contributions, $770,951 (63%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1222327,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-9981,"$200.01-$499":51492,"$500-$999":119275,"$1000-$1999":290590,"$2000 and over":770951},"megaShare":63.1,"smallDonorShare":-0.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_J000283","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jesse L. Jackson draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.2M PAC / $3.6M total)","explanation":"Jesse L. Jackson's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.2M of $3.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3.6,"pacSharePct":33.2,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2IL01349"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL01349/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_J000283","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jesse L. Jackson has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jesse L. Jackson triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000283"]}],"E000240":[{"id":"P11_E000240_zhomqd","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -2%)","explanation":"Of $1,873,028 in itemized individual contributions, $1,320,509 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1873028,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-34391,"$200.01-$499":117844,"$500-$999":159427,"$1000-$1999":309639,"$2000 and over":1320509},"megaShare":70.5,"smallDonorShare":-1.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_E000240_hnyhdz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,476 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $59,476 across 80 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,478.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00849844","date":"2024-09-30","amount":59476,"count":80,"baseline":7478,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00849844/"]},{"id":"P174_E000240","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank E. Evans has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank E. Evans triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000240"]},{"id":"P200_E000240","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank E. Evans — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–95)","explanation":"Frank E. Evans began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000240","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-e-evans/E000240"]}],"T000424":[{"id":"P11_T000424_jx8ixr","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $551,015 in itemized individual contributions, $385,035 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":551015,"buckets":{"$200 and under":350,"$200.01-$499":13500,"$500-$999":36530,"$1000-$1999":115600,"$2000 and over":385035},"megaShare":69.9,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_T000424_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TURNER, Jim voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1216,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":3,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":4,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5212) making emergency supplementa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_T000424","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Turner has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Turner triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000424"]}],"K000336":[{"id":"P11_K000336_keq0xu","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"80% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -6%)","explanation":"Of $447,458 in itemized individual contributions, $357,057 (80%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":447458,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-27899,"$200.01-$499":25400,"$500-$999":33200,"$1000-$1999":59700,"$2000 and over":357057},"megaShare":79.8,"smallDonorShare":-6.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_K000336","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dennis J. Kucinich has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dennis J. Kucinich triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000336"]},{"id":"P195_K000336","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dennis J. Kucinich — DW-NOMINATE -0.58 vs OH delegation mean 0.08 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Dennis J. Kucinich's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.58) is 1.7 standard deviations from the OH delegation mean (0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OH","memberScore":-0.582,"delegationMean":0.08442465753424659,"zscore":"1.72"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"Y000051":[{"id":"P11_Y000051_lsbwdu","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -13%)","explanation":"Of $170,813 in itemized individual contributions, $140,769 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":170813,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-22765,"$200.01-$499":6130,"$500-$999":14090,"$1000-$1999":32589,"$2000 and over":140769},"megaShare":82.4,"smallDonorShare":-13.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P200_Y000051","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert A. Young — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–99)","explanation":"Robert A. Young began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000051","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-a-young/Y000051"]}],"A000217":[{"id":"P11_A000217_legnk9","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"86% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -14%)","explanation":"Of $217,430 in itemized individual contributions, $187,600 (86%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":217430,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-30950,"$200.01-$499":6250,"$500-$999":12900,"$1000-$1999":41630,"$2000 and over":187600},"megaShare":86.3,"smallDonorShare":-14.2}],"citations":[]}],"D000373":[{"id":"P11_D000373_z3fy3t","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"81% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $1,955,838 in itemized individual contributions, $1,585,650 (81%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1955838,"buckets":{"$200 and under":3543,"$200.01-$499":44696,"$500-$999":95949,"$1000-$1999":226000,"$2000 and over":1585650},"megaShare":81.1,"smallDonorShare":0.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000373_i0bvac","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$397,655 donation spike on 2024-04-22 — 14.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-22 this committee recorded $397,655 across 133 contributions — 14.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $27,869.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00859439","date":"2024-04-22","amount":397655,"count":133,"baseline":27869,"ratio":14.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00859439/"]},{"id":"P29_D000373_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DIXON, Julian Carey voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":12,"peerNay":12,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1191,"date":"2000-10-31","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":22,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":17,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2000-10-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":17,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"R000134":[{"id":"P11_R000134_xmmhsv","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"106% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -27%)","explanation":"Of $1,494,638 in itemized individual contributions, $1,577,372 (106%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1494638,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-400158,"$200.01-$499":51437,"$500-$999":86887,"$1000-$1999":179100,"$2000 and over":1577372},"megaShare":105.5,"smallDonorShare":-26.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000134_p6cvjn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,750 donation spike on 2023-12-27 — 20× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-27 this committee recorded $86,750 across 28 contributions — 20× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,337.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00843029","date":"2023-12-27","amount":86750,"count":28,"baseline":4337,"ratio":20}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00843029/"]},{"id":"P200_R000134","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas M. Rees — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–94)","explanation":"Thomas M. Rees began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000134","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-m-rees/R000134"]}],"H000338":[{"id":"P11_H000338_kwv8iy","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"121% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -34%)","explanation":"Of $327,451 in itemized individual contributions, $396,000 (121%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":327451,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-110554,"$200.01-$499":4180,"$500-$999":5720,"$1000-$1999":32105,"$2000 and over":396000},"megaShare":120.9,"smallDonorShare":-33.8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H000338_1vjx2o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,000 donation spike on 2024-05-15 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-15 this committee recorded $86,000 across 16 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,291.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00864629","date":"2024-05-15","amount":86000,"count":16,"baseline":11291,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00864629/"]},{"id":"P29_H000338_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with UT R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HATCH, Orrin Grant voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Christopher Smith, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Energy (Fossil Ener"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_H000338","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Orrin G. Hatch ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $29.6M across 28 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Orrin G. Hatch's FEC-bulk record shows $29.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $87.3M (PAC: $29.6M, individual: $40.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":29.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":87.34,"lifetimeIndividualM":40,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6UT00063"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6UT00063/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_H000338","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Orrin G. Hatch ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $87M across 28 cycles","explanation":"Orrin G. Hatch's FEC-bulk record shows $87.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":87.34,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6UT00063"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6UT00063/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_H000338","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Orrin G. Hatch draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($29.6M PAC / $87.3M total)","explanation":"Orrin G. Hatch's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($29.6M of $87.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":29.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":87.34,"pacSharePct":33.9,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"S6UT00063"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6UT00063/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"P000099":[{"id":"P11_P000099_luj7yx","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -10%)","explanation":"Of $130,106 in itemized individual contributions, $91,200 (70%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":130106,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-13200,"$200.01-$499":4550,"$500-$999":13151,"$1000-$1999":34405,"$2000 and over":91200},"megaShare":70.1,"smallDonorShare":-10.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_P000099_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PASTOR, Ed voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_P000099","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ed Pastor draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.9M PAC / $18.7M total)","explanation":"Ed Pastor's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.9M of $18.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.88,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.75,"pacSharePct":52.7,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H2AZ02055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AZ02055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_P000099_ForthereliefofMartha","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ed Pastor sponsored \"For the relief of Martha Palmillas de Morales.\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ed Pastor has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Martha Palmillas de Morales."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000099_ForthereliefofNeryAn","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ed Pastor sponsored \"For the relief of Nery Antonio Velasquez-Roblero.\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ed Pastor has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Nery Antonio Velasquez-Roblero."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"V000139":[{"id":"P11_V000139_hzdbej","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"71% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -7%)","explanation":"Of $983,308 in itemized individual contributions, $700,544 (71%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":983308,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-65845,"$200.01-$499":63769,"$500-$999":94895,"$1000-$1999":189945,"$2000 and over":700544},"megaShare":71.2,"smallDonorShare":-6.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_V000139","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Matt Van Epps has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Matt Van Epps triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/V000139"]}],"S001078":[{"id":"P11_S001078_iygy9y","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"102% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -24%)","explanation":"Of $768,379 in itemized individual contributions, $787,151 (102%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":768379,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-181924,"$200.01-$499":5606,"$500-$999":28728,"$1000-$1999":128818,"$2000 and over":787151},"megaShare":102.4,"smallDonorShare":-23.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001078_if3kov","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,624 donation spike on 2025-11-06 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-11-06 this committee recorded $69,624 across 31 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,900.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00924092","date":"2025-11-06","amount":69624,"count":31,"baseline":8900,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00924092/"]},{"id":"P29_S001078_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NH R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SUNUNU, John E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":629,"date":"2008-07-26","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to provide funding for the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":625,"date":"2008-07-22","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to amend the Commodity Exchange Act, to prevent excessive price speculati"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":619,"date":"2008-07-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act to extend expiri"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":617,"date":"2008-07-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To limit the countries to which Federal financial assistance may be targeted und"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":616,"date":"2008-07-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to provide"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P54_S001078_Finance","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 Finance votes — senator holds 3 Finance stocks (WFC, V, SCHW)","explanation":"John E. Sununu discloses holdings in Finance-sector stocks (WFC, V, SCHW) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 2 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["WFC","V","SCHW"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-12-11","billNumber":"HR7005","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide alternative minimum tax relief for individuals for 2008.","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7005"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-23","billNumber":"HR6049","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To provide alternative minimum tax relief, and for other purposes.","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6049"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001078_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (XOM)","explanation":"John E. Sununu discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (XOM) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 7 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-10-01","billNumber":"HR1424","question":"On Passage of the Bill","description":"A bill to provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure certain types of troubled assets for the purposes of providing","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1424"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-10-01","billNumber":"HR7081","question":"On Passage of the Bill","description":"A bill to approve the United States-India Agreement for Cooperation on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, and for other purposes.","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7081"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-23","billNumber":"HR6049","question":"On Passage of the Bill","description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide incentives for energy production and conservation, to extend certain expiring p","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6049"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001078_Defense","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"7 Defense votes — senator holds 1 Defense stock (NOC)","explanation":"John E. Sununu discloses holdings in Defense-sector stocks (NOC) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 7 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["NOC"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-17","billNumber":"S3001","question":"On Passage of the Bill","description":"An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2009 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military constru","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3001"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-16","billNumber":"S3001","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2009 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military constru","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3001"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-10","billNumber":"S3001","question":"On the Amendment","description":"To authorize, with an offset, an additional $100,000,000 for Procurement, Defense-wide, and an additional $171,000,000 for Research, Develop","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3001"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P54_S001078_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 Healthcare votes — senator holds 2 Healthcare stocks (DHR, JNJ)","explanation":"John E. Sununu discloses holdings in Healthcare-sector stocks (DHR, JNJ) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 2 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["DHR","JNJ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-07-15","billNumber":"HR6331","question":"On Overriding the Veto","description":"A bill to amend titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act to extend expiring provisions under the Medicare Program, to improve benefic","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6331"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-07-09","billNumber":"HR6331","question":"On the Cloture Motion","description":"A bill to amend titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act to extend expiring provisions under the Medicare Program, to improve benefic","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6331"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P63_S001078","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 71 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"John E. Sununu's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 71 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2026). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): GE, CSCO, IRM, PFE, PH, MSFT, SHELL, GOOG, GEV, NVDA, EBAY, WMT, WFC, ECL, PYPL, … (56 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":71,"mostRecentFilingYear":2026,"sampleTickers":["GE","CSCO","IRM","PFE","PH","MSFT","SHELL","GOOG","GEV","NVDA","EBAY","WMT","WFC","ECL","PYPL","GOOGL","NKE","AAPL","DIS","MRK","SHW","ABBV","EOG","BKNG","EQIX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_S001078_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Finance stocks (WFC, SCHW) — senator cast 2 Finance-related votes","explanation":"John E. Sununu's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Finance stocks — WFC, SCHW — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2026). The senator has cast 2 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["WFC","SCHW"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2026","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-12-11","billNumber":"HR7005","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7005"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-23","billNumber":"HR6049","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6049"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001078_Energy","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Energy stock (XOM) — senator cast 7 Energy-related votes","explanation":"John E. Sununu's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Energy stocks — XOM — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2026). The senator has cast 7 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["XOM"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2026","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-10-01","billNumber":"HR1424","question":"On Passage of the Bill","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1424"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-10-01","billNumber":"HR7081","question":"On Passage of the Bill","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7081"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-23","billNumber":"HR6049","question":"On Passage of the Bill","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6049"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001078_Defense","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Defense stock (NOC) — senator cast 7 Defense-related votes","explanation":"John E. Sununu's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Defense stocks — NOC — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2026). The senator has cast 7 reported votes on Defense-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Defense","tickers":["NOC"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2026","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-17","billNumber":"S3001","question":"On Passage of the Bill","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3001"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-16","billNumber":"S3001","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3001"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-09-10","billNumber":"S3001","question":"On the Amendment","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3001"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001078_Telecom","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Telecom stock (TMUS) — senator cast 1 Telecom-related vote","explanation":"John E. Sununu's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Telecom stocks — TMUS — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2026). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Telecom-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Telecom","tickers":["TMUS"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2026","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-07-30","billNumber":"S2035","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2035"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_S001078_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 1 Healthcare stock (JNJ) — senator cast 2 Healthcare-related votes","explanation":"John E. Sununu's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 1 Healthcare stocks — JNJ — held by Spouse (most-recent disclosure year 2026). The senator has cast 2 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ"],"owner":"Spouse","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2026","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-07-15","billNumber":"HR6331","question":"On Overriding the Veto","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6331"},{"source":"vote","date":"2008-07-09","billNumber":"HR6331","question":"On the Cloture Motion","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6331"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P69_S001078","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $3.0M in personal liabilities (14% leverage of assets) — 2 liability items","explanation":"John E. Sununu's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $3,000,000.5 in personal liabilities against $22,146,576 in assets — a 13.5% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $3.0M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2026","totalLiabMid":3000000.5,"totalAssetMid":22146576,"leverageRatio":13.5,"liabCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2014 · Self · Mortgage · None · 3.5% (30 years) · $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 · Bank of America Hampton, NH · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_S001078","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 8 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, MA","explanation":"John E. Sununu's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 8 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, MA (Corporation); Trustee at American University of Beirut New York, NY (Educational Organization); Consultant at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA (Educational Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":8,"year":"2026","positions":[{"dates":"Feb 2009 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, MA","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 2011 to Nov 2025","role":"Trustee","entity":"American University of Beirut New York, NY","entityType":"Educational Organization"},{"dates":"Feb 2025 to Nov 2025","role":"Consultant","entity":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA","entityType":"Educational Organization"},{"dates":"Jul 2022 to Nov 2025","role":"Trustee","entity":"Edward M Kennedy Instutute for the United States Senate Boston, MA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2023 to present","role":"Consultant","entity":"Lloyds Americas New York, NY","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2016 to present","role":"Consultant","entity":"TAP Advisors New York, NY","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"May 2024 to Oct 2025","role":"Consultant","entity":"Democracy Defense Project Short Hills, NJ","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jun 2011 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Waterville Valley Holdings Waterville Valley, NH","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_S001078","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,119,354 in outside earned income — top source: Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, MA ($$444,354.00)","explanation":"John E. Sununu's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $1,119,354 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 5 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, MA ($444,354.00, Board Compensation); Lloyds Americas New York, NY ($220,000.00, Self-Employment Income); Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA ($200,000.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":1119354,"count":5,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Board Compensation","source":"Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, MA","amount":"$444,354.00","amountNumeric":444354},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Lloyds Americas New York, NY","amount":"$220,000.00","amountNumeric":220000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA","amount":"$200,000.00","amountNumeric":200000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Democracy Defense Project, Inc Short Hills, NJ","amount":"$180,000.00","amountNumeric":180000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"TAP Advisors New York, NY","amount":"$75,000.00","amountNumeric":75000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P87_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John E. Sununu's 2026 PFD: 77 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (51% of 150 reported assets)","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 77 reported holdings owned by Spouse (32), Joint (45), or Dependent (0) — 51% of 150 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Schwab Joint Tenant · Joint: MAR - Marriot Int Cl A · Joint: GE - GE Aerospace Common Stock · Joint: WMT - Walmart Inc. Common Stock.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2026","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":32,"Joint":45,"Dependent":0,"Self":72},"totalAssets":150,"familyShare":0.513,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Schwab Joint Tenant","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"MAR - Marriot Int Cl A","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"GE - GE Aerospace Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"WMT - Walmart Inc. Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"PH - Parker-Hannifin Corporation Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P96_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu owes 1 named-bank loan on 2026 PFD — top: Bank of America","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$1,000,001 - $5,000,000) at 3.5% (30 years) from Bank of America.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2026","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.5% (30 years)","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","creditor":"Bank of America Hampton, NH","incurred":"2014"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P102_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2026 PFD — top: Trustee · Edward M Kennedy Instutute","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Trustee · Edward M Kennedy Instutute.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2026","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Trustee","entity":"Edward M Kennedy Instutute for the United States Senate Boston, MA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jul 2022 to Nov 2025"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P103_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 2 for-profit officer/director roles on 2026 PFD — top: Director · Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough,","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 2 active officer or director roles in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Director · Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, (Corporation) · Director · Waterville Valley Holdings Waterville (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2026","count":2,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, MA","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Feb 2009 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"Waterville Valley Holdings Waterville Valley, NH","entityType":"Company","dates":"Jun 2011 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P106_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 36 tickers on 2026 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — PFE ($29.0M), AAPL ($20.9M), MRK ($19.8M)","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 36 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $293.0M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: PFE ($29.0M, 45 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · MRK ($19.8M, 49 filings) · SO ($18.9M, 64 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings) · TMUS ($15.1M, 89 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2026","holdingCount":36,"totalLobbyAcrossM":293.03,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","totalLobby":28960000,"recordCount":45,"topClient":"PFIZER INC."},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"MRK","totalLobby":19810000,"recordCount":49,"topClient":"TIBER CREEK GROUP ON BEHALF OF MERCK & CO. INC."},{"ticker":"SO","totalLobby":18940000,"recordCount":64,"topClient":"SOUTHERN COMPANY"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"TMUS","totalLobby":15084000,"recordCount":89,"topClient":"T-MOBILE USA INC."},{"ticker":"MSFT","totalLobby":12292500,"recordCount":66,"topClient":"MICROSOFT CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"NEE","totalLobby":11089640,"recordCount":65,"topClient":"NEXTERA ENERGY RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 6 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2026 PFD — AAPL (10,895), MSFT (8,404), GE (4,401)","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 6 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 30,305 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · GE (4,401 patents) · NKE (4,058 patents) · CAT (1,307 patents) · TMUS (1,240 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2026","holdingCount":6,"totalPatents":30305,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"GE","patentCount":4401,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"NKE","patentCount":4058,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"CAT","patentCount":1307,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"TMUS","patentCount":1240,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 4 federal-contractor tickers on 2026 PFD (≥$1M each, total $562M) — top: MRK ($361.3M), PFE ($187.6M), TXT ($9.4M)","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $562M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: MRK ($361.3M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · PFE ($187.6M, 1 contracts, Department of Health and) · TXT ($9.4M, 4 contracts, Department of Agriculture) · GE ($3.3M, 4 contracts, Department of Justice).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2026","holdingCount":4,"totalContractValueM":561.62,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MRK","total":361340129.54,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"PFE","total":187561181.57,"count":1,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-03-31"},{"ticker":"TXT","total":9394901.36,"count":4,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture","Department of Justice","National Aeronautics and Space Administration"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"},{"ticker":"GE","total":3321853.0300000003,"count":4,"agencies":["Department of Justice","Department of Homeland Security","Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-03-27"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P114_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2026 PFD — MSFT, GOOG, GOOGL, AAPL","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: MSFT ($15,001 - $50,000) · GOOG ($15,001 - $50,000) · GOOGL ($1,001 - $15,000) · AAPL ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2026","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","asset":"GOOG - Alphabet Cl C","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Cl A","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P115_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P115_PFD_DEFENSE_HOLDING_ARMED_SERVICES","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 2 defense-contractor tickers on 2026 PFD — TXT, NOC","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major defense contractors. Lockheed Martin (LMT), RTX/Raytheon, Northrop Grumman (NOC), General Dynamics (GD), Boeing (BA), L3Harris (LHX), Huntington Ingalls (HII), and Leidos (LDOS) all derive 50-95% of revenue from federal contracts. Senators voting on the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), defense appropriations bills, and intelligence-budget legislation while holding the named contractors create the most direct quantifiable conflict-of-interest pattern in federal government — every committee mark-up affecting these companies' contract awards moves the senator's portfolio. Holdings: TXT ($1,001 - $15,000) · NOC ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_defense_armed_services","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TXT","asset":"TXT - Textron Inc Rate/Coupon: 3.65 Matures: 03/15/2027","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NOC","asset":"NOC - Northrop Grumman Corporation Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onArmedServicesCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/","https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P116_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 2 semiconductor tickers on 2026 PFD — NVDA, AMD","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: NVDA ($15,001 - $50,000) · AMD ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AMD","asset":"AMD - Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P117_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 2 agribusiness tickers on 2026 PFD — CAT, SMG","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 agribusiness stock holdings — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: CAT ($50,001 - $100,000) · SMG ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CAT","asset":"CAT - Caterpillar, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"SMG","asset":"SMG - Scotts Miracle-Gro Company","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 3 insurance tickers on 2026 PFD — PGR, CB, CINF","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: PGR ($15,001 - $50,000) · CB ($15,001 - $50,000) · CINF ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2026","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PGR","asset":"PGR - Progressive Corporation (The) Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CB","asset":"CB - Chubb Limited Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CINF","asset":"CINF - Cincinnati Financial Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2026 PFD — TMUS","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: TMUS ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TMUS","asset":"TMUS - T-Mobile US, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 2 major US bank tickers on 2026 PFD — WFC, NTRS","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: WFC ($15,001 - $50,000) · NTRS ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"WFC","asset":"WFC - Wells Fargo & Company","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NTRS","asset":"NTRS - Northern Trust Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 3 oil/gas tickers on 2026 PFD — EOG, SHEL, XOM","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: EOG ($1,001 - $15,000) · SHEL ($1,001 - $15,000) · XOM ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2026","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"EOG","asset":"EOG - EOG Resources, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SHEL","asset":"SHEL - Royal Dutch Shell Plc ADR","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"XOM","asset":"XOM - Exxon Mobil Corporation Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 6 pharma/biotech tickers on 2026 PFD — PFE, MRK, ABBV, BMY, AZN","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 6 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: PFE ($15,001 - $50,000) · MRK ($1,001 - $15,000) · ABBV ($1,001 - $15,000) · BMY ($1,001 - $15,000) · AZN ($15,001 - $50,000) · JNJ ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2026","count":6,"holdings":[{"ticker":"PFE","asset":"PFE - Pfizer Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MRK","asset":"MRK - Merck & Company, Inc. Common Stock (new)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ABBV","asset":"ABBV - AbbVie Inc. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","asset":"BMY - Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AZN","asset":"AZN - Astrazeneca PLC Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P125_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 1 clean-energy / renewables ticker on 2026 PFD — NEE","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in clean-energy or renewables companies — solar (First Solar FSLR, Enphase ENPH, SolarEdge SEDG, Sunrun RUN), wind / utility-scale (NextEra NEE, Brookfield Renewables BEP, AES), grid storage (Quanta Services PWR, EnerSys ENS), nuclear (Cameco CCJ, Centrus Energy LEU, BWX Technologies), or EV charging (ChargePoint CHPT, EVgo EVGO, Blink BLNK). Senators voting on the IRA's continuation, expansion, or repeal hold portfolios that move with their votes — every committee mark-up affecting renewable-energy tax credits or DOE loan guarantees moves these stocks. Holdings: NEE ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_clean_energy","year":"2026","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NEE","asset":"NEE - NextEra Energy, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.energy.gov/policy/inflation-reduction-act"]},{"id":"P126_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P126_PFD_REIT_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 2 publicly-traded REIT tickers on 2026 PFD — IRM, EQIX","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 publicly-traded REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) holdings — distinct from direct real-estate ownership (covered by P84). REITs span industrial (Prologis PLD, Rexford REXR), data centers (Digital Realty DLR, Equinix EQIX), retail (Simon Property SPG, Regency REG), residential (AvalonBay AVB, Equity Residential EQR, Invitation Homes INVH), healthcare (Welltower WELL, Ventas VTR), self-storage (Public Storage PSA, Extra Space EXR), and specialty (Crown Castle CCI cell towers, American Tower AMT, Iron Mountain IRM data archives). REITs are pass-through entities exempt from corporate income tax; every committee vote affecting their taxation, mortgage-finance reform, or commercial real-estate lending moves these stocks. Holdings: IRM ($15,001 - $50,000) · EQIX ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_reit_banking","year":"2026","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"IRM","asset":"IRM - Iron Mountain Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"EQIX","asset":"EQIX - Equinix, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onReitCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fhfa.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 3 asset-manager / PE-firm tickers on 2026 PFD — NTRS, SCHW, ADP","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 stock holdings in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: NTRS ($1,001 - $15,000) · SCHW ($15,001 - $50,000) · ADP ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2026","count":3,"holdings":[{"ticker":"NTRS","asset":"NTRS - Northern Trust Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SCHW","asset":"SCHW - Charles Schwab Corporation (The) Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ADP","asset":"ADP - Automatic Data Processing, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu's 2026 PFD lists 71 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 71 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): GE, CSCO, IRM, PFE, PH, MSFT, SHELL, GOOG, GEV, NVDA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2026","tickerCount":71,"sampleTickers":["GE","CSCO","IRM","PFE","PH","MSFT","SHELL","GOOG","GEV","NVDA","EBAY","WMT","WFC","ECL","PYPL","GOOGL","NKE","AAPL","DIS","MRK","SHW","ABBV","EOG","BKNG","EQIX","BOH","FISV","BMY","VBR","VWO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_S001078","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John E. Sununu's earliest disclosed PFD (2026) shows $22.1M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"John E. Sununu's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2026) shows total assets of $22.1M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 161; earned-income on first filing: $1,124,004.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2026","totalAssetMid":22146576,"assetCount":161,"earnedIncome":1124004,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P147_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John E. Sununu's 2026 PFD reports earned income $1124K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough,)","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $1,124,004 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Board Compensation from Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, ($444,354.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from Massachusetts Institute of Technology ($200,000.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from TAP Advisors New York, ($75,000.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from Lloyds Americas New York, ($220,000.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2026","earnedIncome":1124004,"earnedIncomeK":1124,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Board Compensation","payer":"Boston Scientific Corporation Marlborough, MA","amount":"$444,354.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA","amount":"$200,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"TAP Advisors New York, NY","amount":"$75,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Lloyds Americas New York, NY","amount":"$220,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Democracy Defense Project, Inc Short Hills, NJ","amount":"$180,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Saint Anselms College Manchester, NH","amount":"$4,650.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P149_S001078","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 31 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John E. Sununu accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 31 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":31}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P150_S001078","pattern_type":"P150_META_TOP_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu triggers 32 distinct detector types — top-tier investigation target across the full lattice","explanation":"John E. Sununu accumulates findings across 32 distinct detector types — an extreme multi-axis profile. Officium's lattice spans portfolio composition (sector concentration, ticker overlap, opaque vehicles), sector × committee jurisdiction (Big Tech / antitrust, defense / Armed Services, semis / CHIPS Act, pharma / HELP, banks / Banking, oil-gas / Energy, REITs / Banking, insurance / Banking, agribusiness / Agriculture, telecom / FCC, auto / NHTSA, airlines / Aviation, clean energy / Energy, mining / Foreign Relations, asset managers / Banking, federal contractors, etc.), donor concentration (PAC dependency, lifetime PAC top-decile, JFC funnels), sponsored travel (volume, international, luxury), trade behavior (active recent, large bracket, rapid round-trips), and meta wealth indicators (top-decile net worth, market-beating CAGR, newly-elected high-asset). At 32 distinct types, this member exhibits the full breadth of the lattice — concentration of investigation interest is warranted.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_top_target","distinctDetectorTypes":32,"sampleDetectors":["P11","P15","P29","P54","P63","P64","P69","P70","P71","P87","P96","P102","P103","P106","P107","P108","P114","P115","P116","P117","P118","P119","P120","P123","P124","P125","P126","P127","P131","P135"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P159_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu holds 2 non-US-domiciled stocks on 2026 PFD across 1 country — SHEL (United Kingdom), AZN (United Kingdom)","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 1 country (United Kingdom). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: SHEL (United Kingdom, $1,001 - $15,000) · AZN (United Kingdom, $15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2026","count":2,"countries":["United Kingdom"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"SHEL","country":"United Kingdom","asset":"SHEL - Royal Dutch Shell Plc ADR","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AZN","country":"United Kingdom","asset":"AZN - Astrazeneca PLC Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P173_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P192_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P192_PFD_VERY_HIGH_POSITIONS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu — 150 disclosed positions on 2026 PFD","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate PFD discloses 150 distinct asset positions in Part 3. Very-high-position counts (≥150) indicate either retail-style hyperactive portfolio management or family-office-managed wealth with broad sectoral exposure. Either way, the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict is wide; recusal protocols are difficult to apply consistently.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_very_high_positions","year":"2026","count":150,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P193_S001078_2026","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Sununu — 132 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John E. Sununu's 2026 Senate PFD shows 132 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2026","tickerPositions":132,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4a6e6ad5-e626-42de-b2f5-4469ba38e198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000264":[{"id":"P11_L000264_vm0c5p","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"72% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -13%)","explanation":"Of $1,012,490 in itemized individual contributions, $730,094 (72%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1012490,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-136316,"$200.01-$499":95673,"$500-$999":130161,"$1000-$1999":192878,"$2000 and over":730094},"megaShare":72.1,"smallDonorShare":-13.5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_L000264_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEVINE, Meldon Edises voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000264","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mel Levine has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mel Levine triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000264"]}],"B001253":[{"id":"P11_B001253_wk3051","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"66% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $1,211,774 in itemized individual contributions, $795,216 (66%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":1211774,"buckets":{"$200 and under":147,"$200.01-$499":22029,"$500-$999":110255,"$1000-$1999":284127,"$2000 and over":795216},"megaShare":65.6,"smallDonorShare":0}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001253_dzpf0k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,220 donation spike on 2025-12-18 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-18 this committee recorded $148,220 across 96 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,948.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00919183","date":"2025-12-18","amount":148220,"count":96,"baseline":14948,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00919183/"]},{"id":"P15_B001253_dzpezt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$135,999 donation spike on 2025-12-24 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-24 this committee recorded $135,999 across 84 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,213.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00919183","date":"2025-12-24","amount":135999,"count":84,"baseline":19213,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00919183/"]},{"id":"P15_B001253_dzpf0s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$99,016 donation spike on 2025-12-10 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-10 this committee recorded $99,016 across 53 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,845.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00919183","date":"2025-12-10","amount":99016,"count":53,"baseline":9845,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00919183/"]},{"id":"P15_B001253_e04qnq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,707 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $76,707 across 39 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,839.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00919183","date":"2025-09-30","amount":76707,"count":39,"baseline":10839,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00919183/"]},{"id":"P15_B001253_dzpf1k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,300 donation spike on 2025-12-03 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-03 this committee recorded $56,300 across 28 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,626.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00919183","date":"2025-12-03","amount":56300,"count":28,"baseline":6626,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00919183/"]},{"id":"P138_B001253","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Melissa L. Bean draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.4M PAC / $23.3M total)","explanation":"Melissa L. Bean's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.4M of $23.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.36,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.34,"pacSharePct":44.4,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H2IL08088"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL08088/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001253","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Melissa L. Bean has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Melissa L. Bean triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001253"]}],"S001153":[{"id":"P11_S001153_kvazhz","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"62% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $352,737 in itemized individual contributions, $218,711 (62%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":352737,"buckets":{"$200 and under":375,"$200.01-$499":22825,"$500-$999":37076,"$1000-$1999":73750,"$2000 and over":218711},"megaShare":62,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S001153","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Hilda L. Solis draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.9M PAC / $7.6M total)","explanation":"Hilda L. Solis's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.9M of $7.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.58,"pacSharePct":50.9,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H0CA31087"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA31087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000106":[{"id":"P11_D000106_luyi0b","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"77% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only -13%)","explanation":"Of $127,371 in itemized individual contributions, $98,214 (77%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":127371,"buckets":{"$200 and under":-16674,"$200.01-$499":9721,"$500-$999":16905,"$1000-$1999":19205,"$2000 and over":98214},"megaShare":77.1,"smallDonorShare":-13.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000106","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Davis has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jack Davis triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000106"]}],"L000591":[{"id":"P11_L000591_ihyhgw","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"76% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 1%)","explanation":"Of $859,383 in itemized individual contributions, $649,000 (76%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":859383,"buckets":{"$200 and under":8884,"$200.01-$499":37998,"$500-$999":49400,"$1000-$1999":114101,"$2000 and over":649000},"megaShare":75.5,"smallDonorShare":1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_L000591_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Elaine G. Luria executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","date":"2021-03-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2021-03-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Central Gulf of Alaska Rockfish Program; Amendment 111","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-03-01"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Comment Sought IP CTS Rates Reconsideration Petitions","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2021-02-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_L000591_TSLA_20210322","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $TSLA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Elaine G. Luria buy $TSLA 3 days after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2021-03-19","adsh":"0001771364-21-000004","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000591_QS_20210322","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $QS 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Elaine G. Luria buy $QS 4 days after a corporate insider (Lukens Howard  (CIK 0001834005)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QS","filer":"Lukens Howard  (CIK 0001834005)","filingDate":"2021-03-18","adsh":"0001209191-21-021899","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000591_UBER_20210331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $UBER 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Elaine G. Luria buy $UBER 5 days before a corporate insider (West Tony  (CIK 0001626201)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBER","filer":"West Tony  (CIK 0001626201)","filingDate":"2021-04-05","adsh":"0001562180-21-002678"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P140_L000591","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elaine G. Luria disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL BABA $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Elaine G. Luria has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL BABA $250,001 - $500,000 on 2021-03-31 · BUY UBER $250,001 - $500,000 on 2021-03-31.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":500002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"BABA","action":"SELL","date":"2021-03-31","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"UBER","action":"BUY","date":"2021-03-31","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_L000591","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elaine G. Luria has clean-baseline profile: 5 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Elaine G. Luria triggers only 5 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":5,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000591"]}],"P000600":[{"id":"P11_P000600_jg2wo4","pattern_type":"P11_MEGA_DONOR_DEPENDENCY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of individual contributions from $2,000+ donors (small-donor share only 0%)","explanation":"Of $657,820 in itemized individual contributions, $536,500 (82%) came from donors giving $2,000+ — indicating dependence on wealthy donors vs grassroots.","evidence":[{"source":"contrib_size","total":657820,"buckets":{"$200 and under":400,"$200.01-$499":22020,"$500-$999":33200,"$1000-$1999":65700,"$2000 and over":536500},"megaShare":81.6,"smallDonorShare":0.1}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_P000600_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PERRIELLO, Tom voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1644,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"FDA Food Safety Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1608,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify and improve certain provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1605,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"}],"citations":[]}],"O000007":[{"id":"P13_O000007_1valu","pattern_type":"P13_FRAUD_FILER_EXPOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received contributions from 1 FEC-flagged false/fictitious filer(s)","explanation":"This member's campaign received funds from committee(s) the FEC has flagged for false or fictitious filings — a compliance red flag requiring documentation.","evidence":[{"source":"false_fictitious","name":"MERCER FOR PRESIDENT","total":192000000,"cmteId":"C00428599"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/filings/?data_type=processed&q_filer=C00428599"]},{"id":"P27_O000007_se493c","pattern_type":"P27_PAC_TREASURER_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donor PACs share treasurer \"GANTT CHARLES\"","explanation":"Treasurers who appear on multiple PAC filings often indicate a network — one operator managing several PACs for the same donor group. The practical effect: the individual contribution limits per PAC multiply, letting a donor legally route more money to the same member.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00750182","name":"OPPORTUNITY MATTERS FUND, INC.","treasurer":"GANTT CHARLES"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00790477","name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN, AGAIN! INC.","treasurer":"GANTT CHARLES"},{"source":"pac_treasurer","cmteId":"C00771477","name":"MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN ACTION INC","treasurer":"GANTT CHARLES"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_O000007","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $326,149,985.35","explanation":"David R. Obey received campaign contributions totaling $326,149,985.35 from 16 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 5 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMALGAMATED BANK ($96,707,872.04); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($50,000,002.62); BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($45,975,000); JAMES H. SIMONS ($23,600,000); LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC. ($22,550,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":16,"totalDollars":326149985.34999996,"exactMatches":5,"top":[{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":96707872.04,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":50000002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":45975000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SIMONS, JAMES","ldaClient":"JAMES H. SIMONS","donorTotal":23600000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","ldaClient":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","donorTotal":22550000,"exact":true}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_O000007","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David R. Obey draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.6M PAC / $24.8M total)","explanation":"David R. Obey's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.6M of $24.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.77,"pacSharePct":55,"cycleCount":35,"fecId":"H6WI07033"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WI07033/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_O000007","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David R. Obey's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($167.71M / $167.71M classified)","explanation":"David R. Obey's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $167.71M of $167.71M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $167.71M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":167.71,"totalPacAmountM":167.71,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":167.71}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WI07033/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"E000285":[{"id":"P13_E000285_1valu","pattern_type":"P13_FRAUD_FILER_EXPOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received contributions from 1 FEC-flagged false/fictitious filer(s)","explanation":"This member's campaign received funds from committee(s) the FEC has flagged for false or fictitious filings — a compliance red flag requiring documentation.","evidence":[{"source":"false_fictitious","name":"MERCER FOR PRESIDENT","total":192000000,"cmteId":"C00428599"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/filings/?data_type=processed&q_filer=C00428599"]},{"id":"P29_E000285_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with WY R delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ENZI, Michael B. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Daniel J. Santos, of Virginia, to be a Member of the Defense Nuclear Facilities "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_E000285","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $914,061,700.8","explanation":"Michael B. Enzi received campaign contributions totaling $914,061,700.8 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 7 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($285,975,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($143,707,872.04); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($110,000,002.62); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($62,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($51,710,314).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":914061700.8,"exactMatches":7,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":285975000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":143707872.04,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":110000002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":62000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":51710314,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_E000285","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael B. Enzi draws 64% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.6M PAC / $18.2M total)","explanation":"Michael B. Enzi's FEC-bulk record shows 64% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.6M of $18.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.19,"pacSharePct":63.6,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"S6WY00126"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6WY00126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_E000285","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael B. Enzi's PAC funding concentrates 67% in Finance ($224.71M / $335.83M classified)","explanation":"Michael B. Enzi's PAC donors concentrate 67% in the Finance industry — $224.71M of $335.83M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $224.71M · Technology $111.13M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":224.71,"totalPacAmountM":335.83,"concentrationPct":66.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":224.71,"Technology":111.13}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6WY00126/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P198_E000285","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael B. Enzi — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Michael B. Enzi has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":116}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000285","https://www.congress.gov/member/michael-b.-enzi/E000285"]}],"M001144":[{"id":"P13_M001144_1valu","pattern_type":"P13_FRAUD_FILER_EXPOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received contributions from 1 FEC-flagged false/fictitious filer(s)","explanation":"This member's campaign received funds from committee(s) the FEC has flagged for false or fictitious filings — a compliance red flag requiring documentation.","evidence":[{"source":"false_fictitious","name":"MERCER FOR PRESIDENT","total":192000000,"cmteId":"C00428599"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/filings/?data_type=processed&q_filer=C00428599"]},{"id":"P29_M001144_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MILLER, Jefferson B. (Jeff) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":2,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":8,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_M001144","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $914,061,700.8","explanation":"Jeff Miller received campaign contributions totaling $914,061,700.8 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 7 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($285,975,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($143,707,872.04); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($110,000,002.62); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($62,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($51,710,314).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":914061700.8,"exactMatches":7,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":285975000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":143707872.04,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":110000002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":62000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":51710314,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P89_M001144","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Miller (left 2017, Senate) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.06M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Jeff Miller left Congress in 2017 (Senate) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $060000.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: ORACLE AMERICA, INC..","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2017,"chamber":"Senate","totalLobbyIncome":"060000.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["ORACLE AMERICA, INC."],"sampleFirms":["JEFF MILLER GROUP"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jeff%20Miller"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jeff%20Miller","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P148_M001144","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Miller's PAC funding concentrates 67% in Finance ($224.71M / $335.83M classified)","explanation":"Jeff Miller's PAC donors concentrate 67% in the Finance industry — $224.71M of $335.83M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $224.71M · Technology $111.13M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":224.71,"totalPacAmountM":335.83,"concentrationPct":66.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":224.71,"Technology":111.13}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2FL00599/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"B001320":[{"id":"P13_B001320_1valu","pattern_type":"P13_FRAUD_FILER_EXPOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received contributions from 1 FEC-flagged false/fictitious filer(s)","explanation":"This member's campaign received funds from committee(s) the FEC has flagged for false or fictitious filings — a compliance red flag requiring documentation.","evidence":[{"source":"false_fictitious","name":"MERCER FOR PRESIDENT","total":192000000,"cmteId":"C00428599"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/filings/?data_type=processed&q_filer=C00428599"]},{"id":"P29_B001320_7pl5zk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 27 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BUTLER, Laphonza Romanique voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 27 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Sarah Morgan Davenport, of New Mexico, to be United States District Judge for th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2024-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah Morgan Davenport, of New Mexico, to be United States District Judge for th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":663,"date":"2024-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Elizabeth C. Coombe, of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2024-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Anthony J. Brindisi, of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_B001320","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $914,061,700.8","explanation":"Laphonza R. Butler received campaign contributions totaling $914,061,700.8 from 20 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 7 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($285,975,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($143,707,872.04); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($110,000,002.62); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($62,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($51,710,314).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":20,"totalDollars":914061700.8,"exactMatches":7,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":285975000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":143707872.04,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":110000002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":62000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":51710314,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_B001320","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Laphonza R. Butler's PAC funding concentrates 67% in Finance ($224.71M / $335.83M classified)","explanation":"Laphonza R. Butler's PAC donors concentrate 67% in the Finance industry — $224.71M of $335.83M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $224.71M · Technology $111.13M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":224.71,"totalPacAmountM":335.83,"concentrationPct":66.9,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":224.71,"Technology":111.13}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA26095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"A000376":[{"id":"P14_A000376_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"370423 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $25,352,296 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 370423× NOT EMPLOYED = $25,352,296; 40716× SELF EMPLOYED = $4,455,554; 10727× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,579,143. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":370423,"total":25352296,"years":["2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":40716,"total":4455554,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":10727,"total":3579143,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2028"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000376_pkcnhe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,293 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $101,293 across 99 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,394.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00637868","date":"2021-06-30","amount":101293,"count":99,"baseline":11394,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637868/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_7zuzrw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,369 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $85,369 across 119 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,716.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00637868","date":"2019-09-30","amount":85369,"count":119,"baseline":10716,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637868/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_7zfo37","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,413 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $69,413 across 101 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,918.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00637868","date":"2019-12-31","amount":69413,"count":101,"baseline":8918,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637868/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_pkekfy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,905 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $66,905 across 63 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,720.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00637868","date":"2021-03-31","amount":66905,"count":63,"baseline":10720,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637868/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_pkekfz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,590 donation spike on 2021-03-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-30 this committee recorded $62,590 across 43 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,464.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00637868","date":"2021-03-30","amount":62590,"count":43,"baseline":8464,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637868/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_7zytp1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,100 donation spike on 2019-03-31 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-31 this committee recorded $62,100 across 52 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,673.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00637868","date":"2019-03-31","amount":62100,"count":52,"baseline":8673,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637868/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_7zwwqh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,492 donation spike on 2019-06-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-30 this committee recorded $59,492 across 87 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,843.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00637868","date":"2019-06-30","amount":59492,"count":87,"baseline":9843,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00637868/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_kuze7w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$902,312 donation spike on 2023-05-03 — 29× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-03 this committee recorded $902,312 across 1234 contributions — 29× the 30-day trailing daily average of $31,145.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839597","date":"2023-05-03","amount":902312,"count":1234,"baseline":31145,"ratio":29}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839597/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_kuze7x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$335,176 donation spike on 2023-05-04 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-04 this committee recorded $335,176 across 597 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $42,702.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00839597","date":"2023-05-04","amount":335176,"count":597,"baseline":42702,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00839597/"]},{"id":"P15_A000376_g35czn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,654 donation spike on 2026-02-05 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2026-02-05 this committee recorded $78,654 across 31 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,073.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00909572","date":"2026-02-05","amount":78654,"count":31,"baseline":12073,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00909572/"]},{"id":"P29_A000376_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ALLRED, Colin voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Improving Federal Building Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P70_A000376","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Consultant at AB Foundation Washington, DC","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Consultant at AB Foundation Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization); Consultant at Democracy Matters Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2025 to May 2025","role":"Consultant","entity":"AB Foundation Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2025 to May 2025","role":"Consultant","entity":"Democracy Matters Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_A000376","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$60,000 in outside earned income — top source: AB Foundation Washington, DC ($$25,000.00)","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $60,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: AB Foundation Washington, DC ($25,000.00, Self-Employment Income); Democracy Matters Washington, DC ($25,000.00, Self-Employment Income); American Opportunity Action Washington, DC ($10,000.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":60000,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"AB Foundation Washington, DC","amount":"$25,000.00","amountNumeric":25000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Democracy Matters Washington, DC","amount":"$25,000.00","amountNumeric":25000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"American Opportunity Action Washington, DC","amount":"$10,000.00","amountNumeric":10000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_A000376","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 2 country-specific foreign-equity positions — countries: Japan","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Japan. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Japan → JPMorgan Exchange: BetaBuilders Developed Asia Pacific ex Japan EFT (BBAX) ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":2,"countries":["Japan"],"byCountry":{"Japan":[{"assetName":"JPMorgan Exchange: BetaBuilders Developed Asia Pacific ex Japan EFT (BBAX)","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"assetName":"JP Morgan Exchange: BetaBuilders Japan ETF (BBJP)","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Colin Z. Allred discloses 9 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 9 unascertainable, 22% of 41 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 9 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 9 unascertainable) across 41 total reported assets — 22% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: JP Morgan Brokerage Account (--) · Bert Bell/Pete Rozelle NFL Player Retirement Plan Filer comment: Pension amount will depend on age w (Unascertainable) · Cleary Gottlieb Fidelity Retirement Plan Filer comment: Former Employer Retirement Plan. Tax Deferre (--) · Cooley LLP Salary Deferral & Profit Sharing Plan Filer comment: Employer Retirement Plan; Tax Deferr (--) · Legal Aid of Northwest Texas 401(k) Thrift Plan Filer comment: Former Employer Retirement Plan. Tax  (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":9,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":9,"totalAssets":41,"opaqueRatio":0.22,"samples":[{"asset":"JP Morgan Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Bert Bell/Pete Rozelle NFL Player Retirement Plan Filer comment: Pension amount will depend on age w","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Cleary Gottlieb Fidelity Retirement Plan Filer comment: Former Employer Retirement Plan. Tax Deferre","value":"--"},{"asset":"Cooley LLP Salary Deferral & Profit Sharing Plan Filer comment: Employer Retirement Plan; Tax Deferr","value":"--"},{"asset":"Legal Aid of Northwest Texas 401(k) Thrift Plan Filer comment: Former Employer Retirement Plan. Tax ","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 PFD: 31 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (74% of 42 reported assets)","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 31 reported holdings owned by Spouse (8), Joint (19), or Dependent (4) — 74% of 42 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: JP Morgan Brokerage Account · Joint: JP Morgan Trust II Government Money Market Fund (QCVEZ) · Joint: Fidelity Salem Trust: Fidelity 500 Index Fund (FXAIX) · Joint: Fidelity Salem Trust: Int'l Index Fund (FSPSX).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":8,"Joint":19,"Dependent":4,"Self":10},"totalAssets":42,"familyShare":0.738,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"JP Morgan Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"JP Morgan Trust II Government Money Market Fund (QCVEZ)","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Fidelity Salem Trust: Fidelity 500 Index Fund (FXAIX)","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Fidelity Salem Trust: Int'l Index Fund (FSPSX)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"JP Morgan Exchange: BetaBuilders Canada ETF (BBCA)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P92_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 PFD: 4 holdings owned by Dependent Child (2 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 4 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 2 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: New York's 529 Advisor Guided Collect Savings Prog · JP Morgan 529 Age-Based 0-5 Portfolio A Filer comm · New York's 529 Advisor Guided College Savings Prog · JP Morgan 529 Age-Based 0-5 Portfolio A Filer comm.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2025","dependentHoldingCount":4,"highValueCount":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"New York's 529 Advisor Guided Collect Savings Program Institution: New York Filer comment: Establish","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"JP Morgan 529 Age-Based 0-5 Portfolio A Filer comment: Age-based portfolio invested in a range of fu","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"New York's 529 Advisor Guided College Savings Program Institution: New York Filer comment: Establish","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"JP Morgan 529 Age-Based 0-5 Portfolio A Filer comment: Age-based portfolio invested in a range of fu","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P99_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Colin Z. Allred's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2025 PFD — top: Cooley LLP (Law Firm)","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Cooley LLP (Law Firm) Palo (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2025","count":1,"isBigFirm":true,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Cooley LLP (Law Firm) Palo Alto, CA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P137_A000376","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Colin Z. Allred ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $190M across 3 cycles","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's FEC-bulk record shows $189.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 3 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":189.51,"cycleCount":3,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4TX00722"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4TX00722/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P161_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 PFD includes 6 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VFFVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund Filer comment: Invests in · Mutual of America Clear Passage 2055 Fund · VFIFX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund Filer comment: A Fund of  · JP Morgan 529 Age-Based 0-5 Portfolio A Filer comment: Age-based portf.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"asset":"VFFVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund Filer comment: Invests in mix of stocks and bonds. File","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"Mutual of America Clear Passage 2055 Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"asset":"VFIFX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund Filer comment: A Fund of funds structure with assets al","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"JP Morgan 529 Age-Based 0-5 Portfolio A Filer comment: Age-based portfolio invested in a range of fu","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"JP Morgan 529 Age-Based 0-5 Portfolio A Filer comment: Age-based portfolio invested in a range of fu","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"NFL 401(k) Savings Plan Target Date 2045 Fund Filer comment: Customized fund created by NFL Savings ","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 41 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 41 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":41,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P165_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P165_PFD_PROFESSIONAL_LICENSURE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 PFD reports 1 licensed-professional income source — top: Cooley LLP (Law Firm)","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2) reports 1 income source from licensed-professional practice — law firm partnership / of-counsel role, medical practice, dental practice, accounting / CPA firm, engineering practice, or named consulting LLC. Professional-licensure income is distinct from corporate salary: (a) it typically requires active state-bar / medical-board licensure that the senator must maintain alongside Senate duties, and (b) it often reflects ongoing client relationships that continue from pre-Senate practice. Journalists should check whether the licensed practice has clients with matters before the senator's committee — particularly for law firms representing federally-regulated industries. Sources: Spouse: Salary from Cooley LLP (Law Firm) (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_professional_licensure","year":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Cooley LLP (Law Firm) Palo Alto, CA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P167_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $2.4M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $2.4M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":2393568,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_A000376_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Colin Z. Allred's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ac5b1f44-2bdf-4e53-9215-599050db4f7b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]}],"K000105":[{"id":"P14_K000105_s1v64q","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"39491 employees of SELF EMPLOYED gave $24,712,305 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 39491× SELF EMPLOYED = $24,712,305; 52164× NONE = $6,814,971; 15269× RETIRED = $2,666,596. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":39491,"total":24712305,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":52164,"total":6814971,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":15269,"total":2666596,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000105_hx6562","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,536,971 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 24.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $1,536,971 across 713 contributions — 24.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $62,570.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512970","date":"2020-09-30","amount":1536971,"count":713,"baseline":62570,"ratio":24.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512970/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_hx824n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$278,311 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $278,311 across 248 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $33,348.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512970","date":"2020-06-30","amount":278311,"count":248,"baseline":33348,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512970/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_hx8259","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$160,946 donation spike on 2020-06-29 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-29 this committee recorded $160,946 across 124 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,905.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512970","date":"2020-06-29","amount":160946,"count":124,"baseline":23905,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512970/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_he1yqs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$111,380 donation spike on 2012-06-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-30 this committee recorded $111,380 across 138 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,132.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512970","date":"2012-06-30","amount":111380,"count":138,"baseline":18132,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512970/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_2plrk6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,200 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $94,200 across 53 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,240.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512970","date":"2013-09-30","amount":94200,"count":53,"baseline":8240,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512970/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_byqlns","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,300 donation spike on 2014-06-18 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-18 this committee recorded $67,300 across 40 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,179.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00512970","date":"2014-06-18","amount":67300,"count":40,"baseline":9179,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00512970/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_h6gl4m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$8,007,588 donation spike on 2024-04-01 — 18.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-01 this committee recorded $8,007,588 across 56 contributions — 18.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $433,085.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00836916","date":"2024-04-01","amount":8007588,"count":56,"baseline":433085,"ratio":18.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836916/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_h6fb3r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,584,156 donation spike on 2024-06-24 — 16.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-24 this committee recorded $2,584,156 across 775 contributions — 16.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $154,399.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00836916","date":"2024-06-24","amount":2584156,"count":775,"baseline":154399,"ratio":16.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836916/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_h6eo55","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,507,737 donation spike on 2024-07-12 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-07-12 this committee recorded $2,507,737 across 46 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $234,734.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00836916","date":"2024-07-12","amount":2507737,"count":46,"baseline":234734,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836916/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_h6h829","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$2,090,385 donation spike on 2024-03-27 — 13.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-27 this committee recorded $2,090,385 across 610 contributions — 13.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $155,413.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00836916","date":"2024-03-27","amount":2090385,"count":610,"baseline":155413,"ratio":13.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836916/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_vuccnr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,167,086 donation spike on 2023-12-31 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-31 this committee recorded $1,167,086 across 3678 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $109,831.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00836916","date":"2023-12-31","amount":1167086,"count":3678,"baseline":109831,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836916/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_h6e14q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$750,937 donation spike on 2024-08-23 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-23 this committee recorded $750,937 across 140 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $73,967.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00836916","date":"2024-08-23","amount":750937,"count":140,"baseline":73967,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836916/"]},{"id":"P15_K000105_vutlb1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$734,175 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $734,175 across 1258 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $100,494.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00836916","date":"2023-06-30","amount":734175,"count":1258,"baseline":100494,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00836916/"]},{"id":"P149_K000105","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward M. Kennedy triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 2 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Edward M. Kennedy accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 2 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":2}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]}],"M001197":[{"id":"P14_M001197_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"260756 employees of NONE gave $24,146,715 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 260756× NONE = $24,146,715; 23748× SELF EMPLOYED = $3,299,335; 62332× RETIRED = $2,979,734. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":260756,"total":24146715,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":23748,"total":3299335,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":62332,"total":2979734,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001197_mdmaps","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$254,698 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $254,698 across 173 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $31,772.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00666040","date":"2018-03-31","amount":254698,"count":173,"baseline":31772,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666040/"]},{"id":"P15_M001197_p9n4as","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$191,914 donation spike on 2021-04-14 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-14 this committee recorded $191,914 across 321 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,475.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00666040","date":"2021-04-14","amount":191914,"count":321,"baseline":19475,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666040/"]},{"id":"P15_M001197_mdmxrw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$133,305 donation spike on 2018-02-01 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-02-01 this committee recorded $133,305 across 129 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,971.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00666040","date":"2018-02-01","amount":133305,"count":129,"baseline":15971,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666040/"]},{"id":"P137_M001197","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Martha McSally ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $191M across 4 cycles","explanation":"Martha McSally's FEC-bulk record shows $190.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 4 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":190.86,"cycleCount":4,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8AZ00221"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8AZ00221/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000627":[{"id":"P14_D000627_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"354462 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $20,029,526 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 354462× NOT EMPLOYED = $20,029,526; 37035× SELF = $2,470,929. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":354462,"total":20029526,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":37035,"total":2470929,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000627_s4tpil","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$220,738 donation spike on 2021-06-09 — 16.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-09 this committee recorded $220,738 across 546 contributions — 16.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,181.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00590489","date":"2021-06-09","amount":220738,"count":546,"baseline":13181,"ratio":16.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00590489/"]},{"id":"P15_D000627_s4tphz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$139,821 donation spike on 2021-06-10 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-10 this committee recorded $139,821 across 392 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,947.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00590489","date":"2021-06-10","amount":139821,"count":392,"baseline":17947,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00590489/"]},{"id":"P15_D000627_s4ucgk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,223 donation spike on 2021-05-23 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-05-23 this committee recorded $76,223 across 273 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,638.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00590489","date":"2021-05-23","amount":76223,"count":273,"baseline":4638,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00590489/"]},{"id":"P137_D000627","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Val Butler Demings ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $162M across 2 cycles","explanation":"Val Butler Demings's FEC-bulk record shows $162.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 2 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":162.17,"cycleCount":2,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2FL00631"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2FL00631/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000595":[{"id":"P14_R000595_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"346977 employees of RETIRED gave $19,245,929 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 346977× RETIRED = $19,245,929; 37010× RETIRED = $6,989,084; 6457× SELF-EMPLOYED = $2,932,589. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":346977,"total":19245929,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":37010,"total":6989084,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":6457,"total":2932589,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000595_l3kz91","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,308,943 donation spike on 2016-05-13 — 27.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-05-13 this committee recorded $3,308,943 across 1757 contributions — 27.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $119,693.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2016-05-13","amount":3308943,"count":1757,"baseline":119693,"ratio":27.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_z97cht","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,252,740 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $1,252,740 across 1569 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $101,072.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2015-09-30","amount":1252740,"count":1569,"baseline":101072,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_z95fj8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,105,809 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $1,105,809 across 1252 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $132,768.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2015-06-30","amount":1105809,"count":1252,"baseline":132768,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_z95fhk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$610,331 donation spike on 2015-06-12 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-12 this committee recorded $610,331 across 865 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $86,097.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2015-06-12","amount":610331,"count":865,"baseline":86097,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_z945k6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$605,080 donation spike on 2015-04-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-04-30 this committee recorded $605,080 across 485 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $68,519.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2015-04-30","amount":605080,"count":485,"baseline":68519,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_z94si8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$481,742 donation spike on 2015-05-19 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-05-19 this committee recorded $481,742 across 583 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $67,752.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2015-05-19","amount":481742,"count":583,"baseline":67752,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_z95fgv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$473,129 donation spike on 2015-06-08 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-08 this committee recorded $473,129 across 381 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $66,744.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2015-06-08","amount":473129,"count":381,"baseline":66744,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_z945ik","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$392,525 donation spike on 2015-04-14 — 16.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-04-14 this committee recorded $392,525 across 949 contributions — 16.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,840.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2015-04-14","amount":392525,"count":949,"baseline":23840,"ratio":16.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_z96pgt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$320,155 donation spike on 2015-08-19 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-08-19 this committee recorded $320,155 across 272 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $40,496.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00458844","date":"2015-08-19","amount":320155,"count":272,"baseline":40496,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00458844/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_ejuxti","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,766,522 donation spike on 2016-08-30 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-30 this committee recorded $1,766,522 across 1687 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $192,106.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00620518","date":"2016-08-30","amount":1766522,"count":1687,"baseline":192106,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620518/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_ejuxu4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$898,984 donation spike on 2016-08-29 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-29 this committee recorded $898,984 across 767 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $147,886.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00620518","date":"2016-08-29","amount":898984,"count":767,"baseline":147886,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620518/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_ejuatz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$602,170 donation spike on 2016-09-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-30 this committee recorded $602,170 across 1127 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $99,886.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00620518","date":"2016-09-30","amount":602170,"count":1127,"baseline":99886,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620518/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_ejvkt0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$484,160 donation spike on 2016-07-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-07-31 this committee recorded $484,160 across 397 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $62,467.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00620518","date":"2016-07-31","amount":484160,"count":397,"baseline":62467,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620518/"]},{"id":"P15_R000595_bwuw4m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$204,590 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $204,590 across 765 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,101.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00620518","date":"2021-06-30","amount":204590,"count":765,"baseline":25101,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620518/"]},{"id":"P18_R000595_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Marco Rubio executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2025-01-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Bluefish Fishery; Quota Transfer From New York to North Carolina","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-12-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_R000595_7pl5yq","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 18 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RUBIO, Marco voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 18 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":678,"date":"2024-12-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to amend title II of the Social Security Act to repeal the Government pen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Noel Wise, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern Di"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Cynthia Valenzuela Dixon, of California, to be United States District Judge for "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2024-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tiffany Rene Johnson, of Georgia, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P46_R000595_112_S_3390","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KO 7 days before sponsoring S 3390 (Staples)","explanation":"Marco Rubio sponsored S 3390 on 2025-01-14 — a Staples-sector bill — and sell $KO 7 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_S_3390","type":"S","number":"3390","title":"A bill to direct the Secretary of Agriculture to convey to Miami-Dade County certain Federal land in the State of Florida for the purpose of building a fire station.","introducedDate":"2025-01-14","sector":"Staples","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/3390"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KO","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-01-07"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-bill/3390","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P82_R000595_2013","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marco Rubio filed 2 amendments to the 2013 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Marco Rubio's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2013 report alone, with 4 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2013,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/DB9AD4BD-FBBF-4CC2-B00F-DE6ECC418167/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/8300690E-36C0-49A9-961C-015F85443121/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/DB9AD4BD-FBBF-4CC2-B00F-DE6ECC418167/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/8300690E-36C0-49A9-961C-015F85443121/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_R000595","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marco Rubio ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $204M across 13 cycles","explanation":"Marco Rubio's FEC-bulk record shows $203.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 13 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":203.65,"cycleCount":13,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0FL00338"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0FL00338/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P149_R000595","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marco Rubio triggers 17 HIGH-severity findings across 7 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Marco Rubio accumulates 17 HIGH-severity findings across 7 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":17,"distinctDetectorTypes":7}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P198_R000595","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marco Rubio — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Marco Rubio has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":119}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000595","https://www.congress.gov/member/marco-rubio/R000595"]}],"J000149":[{"id":"P14_J000149_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"270912 employees of RETIRED gave $17,607,738 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 270912× RETIRED = $17,607,738; 18854× SELF-EMPLOYED = $2,331,483; 3179× HOMEMAKER = $1,424,196. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":270912,"total":17607738,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":18854,"total":2331483,"years":["2011","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"HOMEMAKER","count":3179,"total":1424196,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000149_6msfmr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$929,638 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $929,638 across 4396 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $141,281.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482984","date":"2022-09-30","amount":929638,"count":4396,"baseline":141281,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/"]},{"id":"P15_J000149_6molpm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$443,170 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $443,170 across 962 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $40,374.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482984","date":"2022-03-31","amount":443170,"count":962,"baseline":40374,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/"]},{"id":"P15_J000149_6mqio6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$333,858 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $333,858 across 1480 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $31,421.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482984","date":"2022-06-30","amount":333858,"count":1480,"baseline":31421,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/"]},{"id":"P15_J000149_ju18a7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$208,700 donation spike on 2017-05-12 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-05-12 this committee recorded $208,700 across 122 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,383.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482984","date":"2017-05-12","amount":208700,"count":122,"baseline":17383,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/"]},{"id":"P15_J000149_6mrskw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$207,168 donation spike on 2022-08-09 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-09 this committee recorded $207,168 across 1553 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $34,580.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482984","date":"2022-08-09","amount":207168,"count":1553,"baseline":34580,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/"]},{"id":"P15_J000149_yigsfl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$177,087 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $177,087 across 365 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,944.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482984","date":"2016-03-31","amount":177087,"count":365,"baseline":24944,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/"]},{"id":"P15_J000149_luaw9g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$158,612 donation spike on 2015-06-29 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-29 this committee recorded $158,612 across 140 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,780.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482984","date":"2015-06-29","amount":158612,"count":140,"baseline":25780,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/"]},{"id":"P15_J000149_ju18b1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$133,700 donation spike on 2017-05-03 — 13.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-05-03 this committee recorded $133,700 across 88 contributions — 13.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,883.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482984","date":"2017-05-03","amount":133700,"count":88,"baseline":9883,"ratio":13.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482984/"]}],"R000577":[{"id":"P14_R000577_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"172486 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $15,079,166 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 172486× NOT EMPLOYED = $15,079,166; 20014× SELF EMPLOYED = $2,614,491. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":172486,"total":15079166,"years":["2020","2021","2022","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":20014,"total":2614491,"years":["2020","2021","2022","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000577_bae6n5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$285,323 donation spike on 2022-05-04 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-04 this committee recorded $285,323 across 1545 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $43,966.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00777771","date":"2022-05-04","amount":285323,"count":1545,"baseline":43966,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00777771/"]},{"id":"P15_R000577_3e0qin","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,216 donation spike on 2021-04-26 — 28.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-04-26 this committee recorded $86,216 across 173 contributions — 28.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,033.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00777771","date":"2021-04-26","amount":86216,"count":173,"baseline":3033,"ratio":28.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00777771/"]},{"id":"P137_R000577","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Ryan ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $116M across 2 cycles","explanation":"Tim Ryan's FEC-bulk record shows $115.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 2 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":115.54,"cycleCount":2,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2OH00402"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2OH00402/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_R000577_Toprovideforthereten","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Ryan sponsored \"To provide for the retention of the name of Mount McKinley.\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Tim Ryan has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To provide for the retention of the name of Mount McKinley."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_R000577","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Ryan — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Tim Ryan has served 7 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000577","https://www.congress.gov/member/tim-ryan/R000577"]}],"J000110":[{"id":"P14_J000110_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"229757 employees of RETIRED gave $14,154,698 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 229757× RETIRED = $14,154,698; 378266× RETIRED = $7,481,217; 5919× SELF EMPLOYED = $1,942,729. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":229757,"total":14154698,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":378266,"total":7481217,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":5919,"total":1942729,"years":["2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000110_ugfv0k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$272,842 donation spike on 2024-06-04 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-04 this committee recorded $272,842 across 437 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,262.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608695","date":"2024-06-04","amount":272842,"count":437,"baseline":21262,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608695/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_pwpvgi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$121,331 donation spike on 2023-10-26 — 20.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-10-26 this committee recorded $121,331 across 449 contributions — 20.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,881.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608695","date":"2023-10-26","amount":121331,"count":449,"baseline":5881,"ratio":20.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608695/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_fs2uqo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$121,015 donation spike on 2025-04-16 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-04-16 this committee recorded $121,015 across 496 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,934.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608695","date":"2025-04-16","amount":121015,"count":496,"baseline":16934,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608695/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_pwpvgj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,702 donation spike on 2023-10-27 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-10-27 this committee recorded $56,702 across 313 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,819.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608695","date":"2023-10-27","amount":56702,"count":313,"baseline":7819,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608695/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_i4v0wi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,450 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $52,450 across 24 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,747.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608695","date":"2020-09-30","amount":52450,"count":24,"baseline":5747,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608695/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_e3v64g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,100 donation spike on 2019-03-21 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-21 this committee recorded $51,100 across 25 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,767.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608695","date":"2019-03-21","amount":51100,"count":25,"baseline":4767,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608695/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_xh7vyz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$336,400 donation spike on 2016-11-15 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-11-15 this committee recorded $336,400 across 154 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $50,269.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608398","date":"2016-11-15","amount":336400,"count":154,"baseline":50269,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608398/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_70xdny","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$269,150 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $269,150 across 591 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $31,498.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608398","date":"2021-06-30","amount":269150,"count":591,"baseline":31498,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608398/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_70vgrp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$245,426 donation spike on 2021-09-09 — 14.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-09 this committee recorded $245,426 across 224 contributions — 14.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,991.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608398","date":"2021-09-09","amount":245426,"count":224,"baseline":16991,"ratio":14.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608398/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_7ng9kl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$231,751 donation spike on 2022-05-31 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-31 this committee recorded $231,751 across 696 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $34,087.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608398","date":"2022-05-31","amount":231751,"count":696,"baseline":34087,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608398/"]},{"id":"P15_J000110_7nezj5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$231,692 donation spike on 2022-03-08 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-08 this committee recorded $231,692 across 443 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $32,148.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00608398","date":"2022-03-08","amount":231692,"count":443,"baseline":32148,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608398/"]}],"P000618":[{"id":"P14_P000618_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"134734 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $9,666,738 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 134734× NOT EMPLOYED = $9,666,738; 63671× NOT EMPLOYED = $4,320,015; 19014× SELF EMPLOYED = $2,024,843. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":134734,"total":9666738,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":63671,"total":4320015,"years":["2023","2024"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":19014,"total":2024843,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000618_5krzl8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,222 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $85,222 across 545 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,020.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00636571","date":"2021-06-30","amount":85222,"count":545,"baseline":13020,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636571/"]},{"id":"P15_P000618_bzpo4a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,203 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $79,203 across 162 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,493.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00636571","date":"2019-09-30","amount":79203,"count":162,"baseline":10493,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636571/"]},{"id":"P15_P000618_5krznq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,692 donation spike on 2021-06-03 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-03 this committee recorded $58,692 across 256 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,427.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00636571","date":"2021-06-03","amount":58692,"count":256,"baseline":9427,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00636571/"]},{"id":"P29_P000618_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PORTER, Katie voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1228,"date":"2024-12-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Never Again Education Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1222,"date":"2024-12-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1221,"date":"2024-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Federal Judiciary Stabilization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":11,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_P000618","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Katie Porter ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $65M across 3 cycles","explanation":"Katie Porter's FEC-bulk record shows $65.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 3 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":65.27,"cycleCount":3,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4CA00522"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4CA00522/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"J000300":[{"id":"P14_J000300_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"65611 employees of N/A gave $9,229,943 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 65611× N/A = $9,229,943; 9969× SELF EMPLOYED = $1,758,598. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":65611,"total":9229943,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":9969,"total":1758598,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000300_k4detu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$323,032 donation spike on 2020-02-05 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-05 this committee recorded $323,032 across 960 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,270.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640623","date":"2020-02-05","amount":323032,"count":960,"baseline":23270,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640623/"]},{"id":"P15_J000300_h87hch","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$138,342 donation spike on 2017-09-27 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-27 this committee recorded $138,342 across 301 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,287.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640623","date":"2017-09-27","amount":138342,"count":301,"baseline":12287,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640623/"]},{"id":"P15_J000300_hrfhox","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,000 donation spike on 2025-06-27 — 28.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-27 this committee recorded $60,000 across 1 contributions — 28.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $2,122.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640623","date":"2025-06-27","amount":60000,"count":1,"baseline":2122,"ratio":28.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640623/"]},{"id":"P15_J000300_h87hci","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,394 donation spike on 2017-09-26 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-26 this committee recorded $55,394 across 97 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,689.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640623","date":"2017-09-26","amount":55394,"count":97,"baseline":7689,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640623/"]},{"id":"P137_J000300","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Doug Jones ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $114M across 6 cycles","explanation":"Doug Jones's FEC-bulk record shows $113.8M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 6 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":113.81,"cycleCount":6,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0AL00156"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0AL00156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001191":[{"id":"P14_S001191_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32061 employees of N/A gave $7,193,472 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 32061× N/A = $7,193,472; 7513× SELF = $2,820,894. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":32061,"total":7193472,"years":["2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":7513,"total":2820894,"years":["2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001191_l7p7xz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$3,109,663 donation spike on 2024-04-04 — 28.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-04 this committee recorded $3,109,663 across 1226 contributions — 28.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $108,387.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00508804","date":"2024-04-04","amount":3109663,"count":1226,"baseline":108387,"ratio":28.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00508804/"]},{"id":"P15_S001191_5s99dq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$546,046 donation spike on 2021-06-20 — 19.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-20 this committee recorded $546,046 across 388 contributions — 19.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $27,599.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00508804","date":"2021-06-20","amount":546046,"count":388,"baseline":27599,"ratio":19.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00508804/"]},{"id":"P15_S001191_8w33wd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$153,475 donation spike on 2020-09-18 — 14.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-18 this committee recorded $153,475 across 89 contributions — 14.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,596.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00508804","date":"2020-09-18","amount":153475,"count":89,"baseline":10596,"ratio":14.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00508804/"]},{"id":"P15_S001191_z4zww3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$146,145 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $146,145 across 82 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,683.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00508804","date":"2023-03-31","amount":146145,"count":82,"baseline":16683,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00508804/"]},{"id":"P29_S001191_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with AZ D delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SINEMA, Kyrsten voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":675,"date":"2024-12-12","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Com"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":674,"date":"2024-12-12","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Com"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Noel Wise, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern Di"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2024-12-09","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tiffany Rene Johnson, of Georgia, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_S001191","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kyrsten Sinema ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $80M across 7 cycles","explanation":"Kyrsten Sinema's FEC-bulk record shows $79.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 7 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":79.55,"cycleCount":7,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8AZ00197"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8AZ00197/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_S001191","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kyrsten Sinema — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Kyrsten Sinema has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001191","https://www.congress.gov/member/kyrsten-sinema/S001191"]}],"S001209":[{"id":"P14_S001209_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"29187 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $6,480,900 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 29187× NOT EMPLOYED = $6,480,900; 3611× SELF EMPLOYED = $1,577,976. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":29187,"total":6480900,"years":["2013","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF EMPLOYED","count":3611,"total":1577976,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001209_qcpxum","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,769 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $100,769 across 72 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,037.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00649913","date":"2021-03-31","amount":100769,"count":72,"baseline":9037,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649913/"]},{"id":"P18_S001209_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Abigail Davis Spanberger executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2024-06-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2023-03-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2022-09-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Privacy Act of 1974; Implementation","agency":"Defense Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2024-05-06"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Restriction on Acquisition of Personal Protective Equipment and Certa","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2023-01-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S001209_LHX_20230302","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LHX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Abigail Davis Spanberger sell $LHX 2 days after a corporate insider (Turner Michelle L.  (CIK 0001907247)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"Turner Michelle L.  (CIK 0001907247)","filingDate":"2023-02-28","adsh":"0001209191-23-013886","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001209_LHX_20220901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $LHX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Abigail Davis Spanberger buy $LHX 5 days before a corporate insider (ZOISS EDWARD J  (CIK 0001647940)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"ZOISS EDWARD J  (CIK 0001647940)","filingDate":"2022-09-06","adsh":"0001209191-22-048757"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_S001209_2024-05-22_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $LHX 13 days after a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Abigail Davis Spanberger delivered a 749-word floor speech on 2024-05-22 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today during Military Apprecia- tion Month and ahead of Memorial Day to recognize some of the many Vir- ginians who have contributed to Vir- ginia’s proud legacy of military servic…\"). The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 13 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2024-05-22","chamber":"House","wordCount":749,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today during Military Apprecia- tion Month and ahead of Memorial Day to recognize some of the many Vir- ginians who have contributed to Vir- ginia’s proud legacy of military servic","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/05/22/170/89/CREC-2024-05-22-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2024/05/22/170/89/CREC-2024-05-22-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_S001209_2023-03-08_Defense","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LHX 6 days before a Defense floor speech","explanation":"Abigail Davis Spanberger delivered a 219-word floor speech on 2023-03-08 that the classifier tagged Defense sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I stand here today as a Member of Con- gress who has proudly worked to fight and defeat terrorism as a CIA officer. I worked with my colleagues to protect the lives of the American people…\"). The member sell $LHX (a Defense-sector stock) 6 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2023-03-08","chamber":"House","wordCount":219,"sector":"Defense","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I stand here today as a Member of Con- gress who has proudly worked to fight and defeat terrorism as a CIA officer. I worked with my colleagues to protect the lives of the American people","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/08/169/44/CREC-2023-03-08-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","sector":"Defense","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/118/crec/2023/03/08/169/44/CREC-2023-03-08-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]}],"G000562":[{"id":"P14_G000562_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"44732 employees of RETIRED gave $6,228,406 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 44732× RETIRED = $6,228,406. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":44732,"total":6228406,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000562_k2f328","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$544,731 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $544,731 across 1982 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $82,847.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492454","date":"2020-09-30","amount":544731,"count":1982,"baseline":82847,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492454/"]},{"id":"P29_G000562_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GARDNER, Cory voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_G000562","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cory Gardner ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $82M across 7 cycles","explanation":"Cory Gardner's FEC-bulk record shows $82.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 7 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":82.23,"cycleCount":7,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4CO00395"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4CO00395/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000181":[{"id":"P14_K000181_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"159111 employees of RETIRED gave $6,138,447 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 159111× RETIRED = $6,138,447. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":159111,"total":6138447,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_K000181_uhixtw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,250 donation spike on 2012-06-30 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-30 this committee recorded $59,250 across 34 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,624.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00500900","date":"2012-06-30","amount":59250,"count":34,"baseline":6624,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00500900/"]},{"id":"P15_K000181_uhk7rh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,500 donation spike on 2012-08-19 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-08-19 this committee recorded $51,500 across 56 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,767.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00500900","date":"2012-08-19","amount":51500,"count":56,"baseline":7767,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00500900/"]},{"id":"P15_K000181_rkt152","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109,279 donation spike on 2023-06-30 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-06-30 this committee recorded $109,279 across 166 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,405.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00665638","date":"2023-06-30","amount":109279,"count":166,"baseline":9405,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00665638/"]},{"id":"P15_K000181_14hvuk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,850 donation spike on 2018-10-17 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-17 this committee recorded $92,850 across 61 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,026.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00665638","date":"2018-10-17","amount":92850,"count":61,"baseline":13026,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00665638/"]},{"id":"P15_K000181_141x7a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,350 donation spike on 2018-06-29 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-29 this committee recorded $73,350 across 63 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,614.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00665638","date":"2018-06-29","amount":73350,"count":63,"baseline":7614,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00665638/"]},{"id":"P15_K000181_cwc6y4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,333 donation spike on 2022-02-22 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-22 this committee recorded $67,333 across 73 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,443.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00665638","date":"2022-02-22","amount":67333,"count":73,"baseline":6443,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00665638/"]},{"id":"P15_K000181_fsg7dj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,400 donation spike on 2019-06-07 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-07 this committee recorded $54,400 across 47 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,354.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00665638","date":"2019-06-07","amount":54400,"count":47,"baseline":7354,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00665638/"]}],"W000826":[{"id":"P14_W000826_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17865 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $5,208,241 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 17865× NOT EMPLOYED = $5,208,241; 3395× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,499,316. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":17865,"total":5208241,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":3395,"total":1499316,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000826_7xe5gd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$109,010 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 12.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $109,010 across 105 contributions — 12.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,569.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658567","date":"2018-06-30","amount":109010,"count":105,"baseline":8569,"ratio":12.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658567/"]},{"id":"P15_W000826_ijb1i9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,025 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $55,025 across 40 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,430.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658567","date":"2023-03-31","amount":55025,"count":40,"baseline":8430,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658567/"]},{"id":"P29_W000826_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WILD, Susan voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]}],"V000135":[{"id":"P14_V000135_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"163084 employees of RETIRED gave $5,070,496 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 163084× RETIRED = $5,070,496. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":163084,"total":5070496,"years":["2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_V000135_w3oi84","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,360 donation spike on 2022-03-30 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-30 this committee recorded $91,360 across 232 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,804.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742007","date":"2022-03-30","amount":91360,"count":232,"baseline":10804,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742007/"]},{"id":"P15_V000135_hfc4yo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,024 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $91,024 across 79 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,150.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742007","date":"2021-06-30","amount":91024,"count":79,"baseline":10150,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742007/"]},{"id":"P15_V000135_hfe1uv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,417 donation spike on 2021-09-07 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-07 this committee recorded $70,417 across 64 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,074.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742007","date":"2021-09-07","amount":70417,"count":64,"baseline":11074,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742007/"]},{"id":"P15_V000135_hfdewz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,167 donation spike on 2021-08-24 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-24 this committee recorded $65,167 across 84 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,543.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742007","date":"2021-08-24","amount":65167,"count":84,"baseline":8543,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742007/"]},{"id":"P15_V000135_2qxupu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,850 donation spike on 2020-06-22 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-22 this committee recorded $64,850 across 42 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,179.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742007","date":"2020-06-22","amount":64850,"count":42,"baseline":9179,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742007/"]},{"id":"P15_V000135_hfc4wc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,250 donation spike on 2021-06-09 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-09 this committee recorded $59,250 across 58 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,773.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742007","date":"2021-06-09","amount":59250,"count":58,"baseline":7773,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742007/"]},{"id":"P15_V000135_2qxup6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,800 donation spike on 2020-06-19 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-19 this committee recorded $50,800 across 25 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,038.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00742007","date":"2020-06-19","amount":50800,"count":25,"baseline":7038,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00742007/"]},{"id":"P29_V000135_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with WI R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"VAN ORDEN, Derrick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":385,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7006) the Financial Services and G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":384,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 7006) the Financial Services and G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":379,"date":"2026-01-13","sector":"Labor","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Flexibility for Workers Education Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P109_V000135","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Derrick Van Orden named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.0M total receipts) — top: VAN ORDEN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Derrick Van Orden appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.0M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: VAN ORDEN VICTORY FUND (C00816017, $2.0M receipts, treasurer CLANCY, MARY). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.02,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00816017","name":"VAN ORDEN VICTORY FUND","receipts":2023761.0999999999,"treasurer":"CLANCY, MARY","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816017/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00816017/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00816017/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]}],"G000578":[{"id":"P14_G000578_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"66150 employees of RETIRED gave $4,041,633 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 66150× RETIRED = $4,041,633. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":66150,"total":4041633,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_G000578_q1941i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,394 donation spike on 2023-10-04 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-10-04 this committee recorded $91,394 across 573 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,977.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00612432","date":"2023-10-04","amount":91394,"count":573,"baseline":10977,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612432/"]},{"id":"P15_G000578_uazf37","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,819 donation spike on 2022-04-14 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-04-14 this committee recorded $78,819 across 131 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,136.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00612432","date":"2022-04-14","amount":78819,"count":131,"baseline":7136,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612432/"]},{"id":"P15_G000578_iilyg6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,100 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 19.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $78,100 across 29 contributions — 19.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,947.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00612432","date":"2018-03-31","amount":78100,"count":29,"baseline":3947,"ratio":19.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612432/"]},{"id":"P15_G000578_bdbfga","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,431 donation spike on 2024-05-16 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-16 this committee recorded $68,431 across 130 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,275.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00612432","date":"2024-05-16","amount":68431,"count":130,"baseline":8275,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612432/"]},{"id":"P15_G000578_q1941j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,380 donation spike on 2023-10-03 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-10-03 this committee recorded $64,380 across 523 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,875.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00612432","date":"2023-10-03","amount":64380,"count":523,"baseline":7875,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612432/"]},{"id":"P15_G000578_3u7o7d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,058 donation spike on 2017-03-24 — 17.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-24 this committee recorded $57,058 across 37 contributions — 17.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,206.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00612432","date":"2017-03-24","amount":57058,"count":37,"baseline":3206,"ratio":17.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00612432/"]},{"id":"P29_G000578_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GAETZ, Matthew L. II voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2024-11-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bills (H.R. 8932) FAFSA Deadline Act; (H.R. 7"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2024-11-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bills (H.R. 8932) FAFSA Deadline Act; (H.R. 7"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1176,"date":"2024-11-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1174,"date":"2024-11-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Social Security Fairness Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1164,"date":"2024-09-24","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":6,"peerNay":13,"description":"To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 9317 Bo"}],"citations":[]}],"S001207":[{"id":"P14_S001207_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"19433 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,998,288 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 19433× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,998,288. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":19433,"total":3998288,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001207_y2y44d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,877 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $74,877 across 179 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,942.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640003","date":"2022-09-30","amount":74877,"count":179,"baseline":10942,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640003/"]},{"id":"P15_S001207_y2w75s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,211 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $69,211 across 148 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,731.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640003","date":"2022-06-30","amount":69211,"count":148,"baseline":8731,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640003/"]},{"id":"P15_S001207_jejtwc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,238 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $64,238 across 88 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,749.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640003","date":"2021-09-30","amount":64238,"count":88,"baseline":8749,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640003/"]},{"id":"P17_S001207_CERN_2020-02-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CERN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-20 and 2020-02-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CERN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CERN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001207","name":"Mikie Sherrill"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"}],"span":"2020-02-20 to 2020-02-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_S001207_DD_2020-01-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-01-21 and 2020-01-24, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on DD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DD","date":"2020-01-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001207","name":"Mikie Sherrill"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-01-21 to 2020-01-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001207_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mikie Sherrill executed 12 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XEL","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Administrative Rulemaking, Guidance, and Enforcement Procedures","agency":"Transportation Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-01-21"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Administrative Rulemaking, Guidance, and Enforcement Procedures","agency":"Transportation Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001207_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mikie Sherrill executed 3 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2020-01-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":14,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2019-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"National Defense Authorization Acts of 2016 and 2017, Recovery Improvements for Small Entities After Disaster Act of 201","agency":"Small Business Administration","date":"2020-01-30"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Conditions: Airbus Defense and Space Model No. C-295 Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-01-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001207_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"23 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mikie Sherrill executed 23 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DFS","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Transfers of Certain Property by U.S. Persons to Partnerships With Related Foreign Partners","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Transfers of Certain Property by U.S. Persons to Partnerships With Related Foreign Partners","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2020-01-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001207_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mikie Sherrill executed 18 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADP","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCL","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 Meters) Leng","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 Meters) Leng","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001207_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mikie Sherrill executed 17 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRK","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Radiology Devices; Classification of the Radiological Computer-Assisted Diagnostic Software for Lesions","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-01-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Radiology Devices; Classification of the Radiological Computer-Assisted Diagnostic Software for Lesions","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2020-01-22"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S001207_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Mikie Sherrill executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-13,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Exclusion of Demurrage Regulation From Certain Class Exemptions","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_S001207_6up5k1","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sits on committees overseeing Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":36050542.61,"agencies":["Department of Transportation","Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_S001207","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sits on committees regulating Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Defense, Technology. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":28}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_S001207","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 14 total findings","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":14,"highSeverityCount":6,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_S001207_ACN_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ACN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $ACN 1 day after a corporate insider (Shook Ellyn  (CIK 0001600370)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"Shook Ellyn  (CIK 0001600370)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001467373-20-000138","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_ABT_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $ABT 1 day after a corporate insider (Karam Sammy  (CIK 0001766718)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Karam Sammy  (CIK 0001766718)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001179110-20-001884","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_ARE_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ARE 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $ARE 1 day after a corporate insider (WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARE","filer":"WILLIAMS RANDA DUNCAN  (CIK 0001246514)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-010675","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_PNC_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PNC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $PNC 1 day after a corporate insider (HANNON MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001194843)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNC","filer":"HANNON MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001194843)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-010538","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_USB_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $USB 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $USB 1 day after a corporate insider (Aziz Ismat  (CIK 0001753624)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USB","filer":"Aziz Ismat  (CIK 0001753624)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001225208-20-002738","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_ITW_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ITW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $ITW 1 day after a corporate insider (Larsen Michael M  (CIK 0001503349)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ITW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ITW","filer":"Larsen Michael M  (CIK 0001503349)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0000049826-20-000038","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_NTRS_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NTRS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $NTRS 1 day after a corporate insider (Cherecwich Peter  (CIK 0001614598)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTRS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTRS","filer":"Cherecwich Peter  (CIK 0001614598)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0000073124-20-000059","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_RSG_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RSG 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $RSG 1 day after a corporate insider (RODRIGUEZ RAMON A  (CIK 0001193732)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RSG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RSG","filer":"RODRIGUEZ RAMON A  (CIK 0001193732)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-010857","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_MMC_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MMC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $MMC 1 day after a corporate insider (MILLS STEVEN A  (CIK 0001180459)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMC","filer":"MILLS STEVEN A  (CIK 0001180459)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-006421","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_VNO_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VNO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $VNO 1 day after a corporate insider (Beinecke Candace K  (CIK 0001413999)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VNO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VNO","filer":"Beinecke Candace K  (CIK 0001413999)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001179110-20-001835","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_SEIC_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SEIC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $SEIC 1 day after a corporate insider (WEST ALFRED P JR  (CIK 0001059374)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SEIC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SEIC","filer":"WEST ALFRED P JR  (CIK 0001059374)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0000350894-20-000006","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_VAR_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VAR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $VAR 1 day after a corporate insider (BRUNER JUDY  (CIK 0001112668)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VAR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VAR","filer":"BRUNER JUDY  (CIK 0001112668)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-006581","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_JNJ_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $JNJ 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $JNJ 2 days after a corporate insider (Fasolo Peter  (CIK 0001509999)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Fasolo Peter  (CIK 0001509999)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0001225208-20-002658","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_HON_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $HON 2 days after a corporate insider (James Mark R.  (CIK 0001417954)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"James Mark R.  (CIK 0001417954)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0000950117-20-000076","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_NEE_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $NEE 2 days after a corporate insider (JENNINGS TONI  (CIK 0001198014)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEE","filer":"JENNINGS TONI  (CIK 0001198014)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0000753308-20-000045","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_AVB_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AVB 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $AVB 2 days after a corporate insider (SCHULMAN EDWARD M  (CIK 0001219716)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AVB","filer":"SCHULMAN EDWARD M  (CIK 0001219716)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0001209191-20-009965","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_TRV_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TRV 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $TRV 2 days after a corporate insider (Third Rock Ventures III, L.P.  (CIK 0001569705)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRV","filer":"Third Rock Ventures III, L.P.  (CIK 0001569705)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0000899243-20-004930","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_UTX_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UTX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $UTX 2 days after a corporate insider (Dumais Michael R  (CIK 0001531769)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UTX","filer":"Dumais Michael R  (CIK 0001531769)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0001225208-20-002629","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_UBS_20230303","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UBS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $UBS 3 days after a corporate insider (UBS Group AG  (UBS)  (CIK 0001610520)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","tradeDate":"2023-03-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UBS","filer":"UBS Group AG  (UBS)  (CIK 0001610520)","filingDate":"2023-02-28","adsh":"0000899243-23-006361","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_S001207_VNO_20200121","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $VNO 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill buy $VNO 4 days after a corporate insider (Beinecke Candace K  (CIK 0001413999)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VNO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VNO","filer":"Beinecke Candace K  (CIK 0001413999)","filingDate":"2020-01-17","adsh":"0001179110-20-000652","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_NVDA_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NVDA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $NVDA 1 day before a corporate insider (Drell Persis  (CIK 0001636665)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Drell Persis  (CIK 0001636665)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0001045810-20-000027"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_PM_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $PM 1 day before a corporate insider (Whitson Jerry  (CIK 0001507621)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PM","filer":"Whitson Jerry  (CIK 0001507621)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0001182489-20-000066"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_ADI_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ADI 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $ADI 1 day before a corporate insider (CHAMPY JAMES  (CIK 0001199360)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ADI","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ADI","filer":"CHAMPY JAMES  (CIK 0001199360)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0000006281-20-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_BLK_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BLK 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $BLK 1 day before a corporate insider (McCombe Mark  (CIK 0001539202)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BLK","filer":"McCombe Mark  (CIK 0001539202)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0001127602-20-007002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_RPM_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RPM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $RPM 1 day before a corporate insider (Ratajczak Matthew T  (CIK 0001546776)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RPM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RPM","filer":"Ratajczak Matthew T  (CIK 0001546776)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0001209191-20-011581"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_TRV_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TRV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $TRV 1 day before a corporate insider (BESSETTE ANDY F  (CIK 0001198918)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TRV","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TRV","filer":"BESSETTE ANDY F  (CIK 0001198918)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0001127602-20-006978"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_MMC_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MMC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $MMC 1 day before a corporate insider (Glaser Daniel S  (CIK 0001420864)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMC","filer":"Glaser Daniel S  (CIK 0001420864)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0001127602-20-006968"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_HIG_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HIG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $HIG 1 day before a corporate insider (Rodden Lori A  (CIK 0001790524)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HIG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HIG","filer":"Rodden Lori A  (CIK 0001790524)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0001225208-20-003111"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_VAR_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VAR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $VAR 1 day before a corporate insider (KENNEDY KOLLEEN T  (CIK 0001531738)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VAR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VAR","filer":"KENNEDY KOLLEEN T  (CIK 0001531738)","filingDate":"2020-02-21","adsh":"0001127602-20-006895"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_QCOM_20191230","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $QCOM 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $QCOM 3 days before a corporate insider (Smit Neil  (CIK 0001312168)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$614.71","tradeDate":"2019-12-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"Smit Neil  (CIK 0001312168)","filingDate":"2020-01-02","adsh":"0001205233-20-000004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_AJG_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AJG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $AJG 4 days before a corporate insider (Gracias Antonio J.  (CIK 0001495158)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AJG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AJG","filer":"Gracias Antonio J.  (CIK 0001495158)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001790565-20-000002"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_PG_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $PG 4 days before a corporate insider (Thomason David S.  (CIK 0001676160)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Thomason David S.  (CIK 0001676160)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-007408"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_MDLZ_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MDLZ 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $MDLZ 4 days before a corporate insider (Urdaneta Nelson  (CIK 0001679749)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDLZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MDLZ","filer":"Urdaneta Nelson  (CIK 0001679749)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001209191-20-012117"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_ARE_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ARE 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $ARE 4 days before a corporate insider (EPCO Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001338290)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARE","filer":"EPCO Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001338290)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001209191-20-012016"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_VZ_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $VZ 4 days before a corporate insider (Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001611593-20-000032"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_VFC_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VFC 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $VFC 4 days before a corporate insider (MEAGHER LAURA C  (CIK 0001188493)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VFC","filer":"MEAGHER LAURA C  (CIK 0001188493)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-007294"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_UTX_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UTX 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $UTX 4 days before a corporate insider (Timm Stephen J.  (CIK 0001803488)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UTX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UTX","filer":"Timm Stephen J.  (CIK 0001803488)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001225208-20-003263"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_PPG_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PPG 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $PPG 5 days before a corporate insider (Morales Vincent J  (CIK 0001700271)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Morales Vincent J  (CIK 0001700271)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0001209191-20-012396"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_AMZN_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $AMZN 5 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0000899243-20-005753"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_CB_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CB 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $CB 5 days before a corporate insider (BANCROFT PHILIP V  (CIK 0001164390)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"BANCROFT PHILIP V  (CIK 0001164390)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0001209191-20-012341"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_NTRS_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NTRS 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $NTRS 5 days before a corporate insider (Allnutt Lauren E  (CIK 0001775330)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTRS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTRS","filer":"Allnutt Lauren E  (CIK 0001775330)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0000073124-20-000090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_NSC_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NSC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $NSC 5 days before a corporate insider (Huffard John C Jr  (CIK 0001747299)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NSC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NSC","filer":"Huffard John C Jr  (CIK 0001747299)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0001225208-20-003362"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_HAS_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HAS 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $HAS 6 days before a corporate insider (RODGERS THURMAN J  (CIK 0001183967)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HAS","filer":"RODGERS THURMAN J  (CIK 0001183967)","filingDate":"2020-02-26","adsh":"0001463101-20-000026"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_GOOG_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $GOOG 6 days before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2020-02-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-013280"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_HON_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill sell $HON 6 days before a corporate insider (Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)","filingDate":"2020-02-26","adsh":"0001562180-20-001739"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_S001207_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+14 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill accumulated 39 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 14 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":14,"totalRaw":39}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P65_S001207_2020-02-20","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"117 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-02-20 — 117 unique tickers","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill executed 117 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-02-20 to 2020-02-21), spanning 117 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-02-20","windowEnd":"2020-02-21","tradeCount":117,"uniqueTickers":117,"totalDisclosedTrades":264,"sampleTickers":["ABT","XOM","UTX","GD","HAS","BLK","CL","BXP","ADP","PEP"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_S001207","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 62 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 62 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (20); reg rule trade proximity (6); daily donation spike (3); coordinated trade cluster (2).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":62,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":20},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":3},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":2},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/S001207","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_S001207","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mikie Sherrill disclosed 13 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 5 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL UBS $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill has filed 13 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 5 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL UBS $250,001 - $500,000 on 2025-03-07 · SELL UBS $250,001 - $500,000 on 2024-05-13 · SELL UBS $250,001 - $500,000 on 2023-03-03 · SELL UBS $100,001 - $250,000 on 2022-05-23.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":13,"veryHighCount":5,"lowerBoundSum":2050013,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","date":"2025-03-07","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","date":"2024-05-13","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","date":"2023-03-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","date":"2022-05-23","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","date":"2022-03-09","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"UBS","action":"SELL","date":"2021-03-09","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_S001207","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mikie Sherrill executed 13 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL XOM (30d apart)","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill has 13 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL XOM 2020-01-21 → 2020-02-20 (30d) · BUY→SELL GD 2020-01-21 → 2020-02-20 (30d) · BUY→SELL BLK 2020-01-21 → 2020-02-20 (30d) · BUY→SELL DD 2020-01-21 → 2020-02-20 (30d) · BUY→SELL IBM 2020-02-04 → 2020-02-20 (16d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":13,"samples":[{"ticker":"XOM","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-21","date2":"2020-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GD","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-21","date2":"2020-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BLK","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-21","date2":"2020-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DD","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-21","date2":"2020-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IBM","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-04","date2":"2020-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GILD","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-21","date2":"2020-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BMY","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-21","date2":"2020-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VNO","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-21","date2":"2020-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_S001207","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mikie Sherrill triggers 19 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill accumulates 19 HIGH-severity findings across 13 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":19,"distinctDetectorTypes":13}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_S001207_2020-02-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mikie Sherrill — 112 trades on 2020-02-20","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill disclosed 112 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-02-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-02-20","count":112}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_S001207","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mikie Sherrill — 94% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (248/264)","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 94% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":264,"atBracket":248,"pct":"93.9"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_S001207","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mikie Sherrill — 186 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill has traded 186 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":186,"sample":["UBS","FDRR","SPYG","NULG","SCHD","IGV","ABT","XOM","UTX","GD"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_S001207_UBS","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mikie Sherrill — 10 disclosed trades in single ticker UBS","explanation":"Mikie Sherrill traded UBS on 10 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the UBS trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"UBS","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"B000944":[{"id":"P14_B000944_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"18711 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,681,653 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 18711× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,681,653. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":18711,"total":3681653,"years":["2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B000944_wzdqkc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,700 donation spike on 2022-03-11 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-11 this committee recorded $50,700 across 69 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,818.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00764381","date":"2022-03-11","amount":50700,"count":69,"baseline":7818,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00764381/"]},{"id":"P70_B000944","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Trustee at Gallaudet University Washington, DC","explanation":"Sherrod Brown's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Trustee at Gallaudet University Washington, DC (Educational Organization).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jun 2008 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Gallaudet University Washington, DC","entityType":"Educational Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_B000944","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$53,189.34 in outside earned income — top source: State of Ohio Columbus, OH ($$47,689.34)","explanation":"Sherrod Brown's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $53,189.34 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Ohio Columbus, OH ($47,689.34, Retirement); Harvard Kennedy School Cambridge, MA ($5,500.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":53189.34,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"State of Ohio Columbus, OH","amount":"$47,689.34","amountNumeric":47689.34},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Harvard Kennedy School Cambridge, MA","amount":"$5,500.00","amountNumeric":5500}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_B000944_2010","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherrod Brown filed 2 amendments to the 2010 Senate annual disclosure — 7 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Sherrod Brown's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2010 report alone, with 7 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2010,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":7,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/EF18F295-D773-45D8-B35C-435A402EA842/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/539974B3-B5C4-4116-9841-1CCBCC3EEA43/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/EF18F295-D773-45D8-B35C-435A402EA842/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/539974B3-B5C4-4116-9841-1CCBCC3EEA43/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P101_B000944_2025","pattern_type":"P101_PFD_BOOK_ROYALTY_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 PFD reports 1 book/royalty income source (~$1,000 disclosed) — top: Random House New York,","explanation":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 royalty or book-related income source from publisher or rights-licensing channels, totaling approximately $1,000 disclosed (where amounts are bracketed, the sum represents lower-bound bracket arithmetic). Book deals are structured payments from a publishing house that often has parent-company business interests before the Senate — CBS/Paramount (Simon & Schuster), Bertelsmann (Penguin Random House), News Corp (HarperCollins), Hachette (Lagardère). Large advance disclosures also signal household income spikes preceding election cycles or post-election windfalls. Journalists should check (a) whether the publisher's parent has matters before the senator's committee during the disclosure year, (b) the advance vs. royalty mix, and (c) whether the deal's value tracks with comparable senator memoirs at market rates. Sources: Random House New York, (Royalties, > $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_book_royalty","year":"2025","count":1,"totalKnownAmount":1000,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Royalties","payer":"Random House New York, NY","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_B000944","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherrod Brown draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.9M PAC / $14.1M total)","explanation":"Sherrod Brown's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.9M of $14.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.87,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.13,"pacSharePct":34.5,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H2OH11169"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH11169/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P162_B000944_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 10 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 10 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":10,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_B000944_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $0.8M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $0.8M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":838504,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_B000944_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 PFD lists 2 new creditors not in prior year — top: Mortgage from Third Federal Savings & at 2.44% (15 years)","explanation":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 2 creditors not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Mortgage from Third Federal Savings & at 2.44% (15 years) ($100,001 - $250,000) · Mortgage from Franklin American Mortgage Company at 3.625% (15 years) ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2025","count":2,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2013","type":"Mortgage","rate":"2.44% (15 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Third Federal Savings & Loan Cleveland, Ohio"},{"incurred":"2014","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.625% (15 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Franklin American Mortgage Company Ewing, NJ"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2734ff47-6c62-45d8-9c96-f2f595541499/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd417970-ed32-4fa2-908d-30268377add3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/2734ff47-6c62-45d8-9c96-f2f595541499/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dd417970-ed32-4fa2-908d-30268377add3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_B000944_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Sherrod Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/73a3b490-c9ca-4b74-b1bd-826613c7fbca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P181_B000944","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sherrod Brown — 237 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Sherrod Brown sponsored 237 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":237}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_B000944","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherrod Brown — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Sherrod Brown has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000944","https://www.congress.gov/member/sherrod-brown/B000944"]}],"P000619":[{"id":"P14_P000619_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"27810 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,485,216 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 27810× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,485,216. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":27810,"total":3485216,"years":["2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000619_7atn5y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$196,556 donation spike on 2022-09-01 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-01 this committee recorded $196,556 across 426 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $23,015.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00812388","date":"2022-09-01","amount":196556,"count":426,"baseline":23015,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00812388/"]},{"id":"P15_P000619_7aua2w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$110,236 donation spike on 2022-08-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-31 this committee recorded $110,236 across 204 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,520.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00812388","date":"2022-08-31","amount":110236,"count":204,"baseline":16520,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00812388/"]},{"id":"P15_P000619_7aua4e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,925 donation spike on 2022-08-19 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-19 this committee recorded $50,925 across 101 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,258.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00812388","date":"2022-08-19","amount":50925,"count":101,"baseline":8258,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00812388/"]}],"T000461":[{"id":"P14_T000461_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"20029 employees of RETIRED gave $3,375,981 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 20029× RETIRED = $3,375,981. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":20029,"total":3375981,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2106"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_T000461_hhjs6s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$459,515 donation spike on 2020-12-04 — 23.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-12-04 this committee recorded $459,515 across 220 contributions — 23.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,221.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2020-12-04","amount":459515,"count":220,"baseline":19221,"ratio":23.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P15_T000461_r2du8z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$370,539 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $370,539 across 317 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $34,235.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2015-09-30","amount":370539,"count":317,"baseline":34235,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P15_T000461_r2a0bu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$288,687 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $288,687 across 248 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $32,652.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2015-03-31","amount":288687,"count":248,"baseline":32652,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P15_T000461_tadugp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$265,620 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $265,620 across 490 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $32,691.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2016-06-30","amount":265620,"count":490,"baseline":32691,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P15_T000461_taf4gg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$248,954 donation spike on 2016-04-26 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-04-26 this committee recorded $248,954 across 643 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $33,328.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2016-04-26","amount":248954,"count":643,"baseline":33328,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P15_T000461_r2bxae","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$245,214 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $245,214 across 266 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $34,117.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2015-06-30","amount":245214,"count":266,"baseline":34117,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P15_T000461_taf4i6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$209,213 donation spike on 2016-04-06 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-04-06 this committee recorded $209,213 across 271 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,859.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2016-04-06","amount":209213,"count":271,"baseline":30859,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P15_T000461_tageh9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$184,282 donation spike on 2016-02-05 — 14.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-02-05 this committee recorded $184,282 across 132 contributions — 14.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,950.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2016-02-05","amount":184282,"count":132,"baseline":12950,"ratio":14.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P15_T000461_r2du87","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$178,435 donation spike on 2015-09-23 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-23 this committee recorded $178,435 across 255 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,227.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461046","date":"2015-09-23","amount":178435,"count":255,"baseline":19227,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461046/"]},{"id":"P17_T000461_NDAQ_2019-11-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought NDAQ within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-11-13 and 2019-11-19, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on NDAQ. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NDAQ","date":"2019-11-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"NDAQ","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000590","name":"Susie Lee"},{"bioguideId":"B001292","name":"Donald Beyer"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"}],"span":"2019-11-13 to 2019-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000461_GE_2017-05-15","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-05-15 and 2017-05-18, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2017-05-15","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"},{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"}],"span":"2017-05-15 to 2017-05-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000461_ET_2018-10-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ET within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-19 and 2018-10-19, 3 members (Energy sector) took the same direction on ET. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ET","date":"2018-10-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Energy","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ET","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-10-19 to 2018-10-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_T000461_ETP_2018-10-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ETP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-19 and 2018-10-23, 3 members took the same direction on ETP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETP","date":"2018-10-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ETP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000461","name":"Patrick Toomey"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"T000475","name":"David A. Trott"}],"span":"2018-10-19 to 2018-10-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_T000461_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Patrick Toomey executed 8 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2021-01-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2021-01-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2020-12-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2020-12-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services; Portland, Oregon","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2020-12-28"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Television Broadcasting Services; Portland, Oregon","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2020-12-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_T000461_Energy","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Energy BUYs filed 75d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Energy (5 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Energy","count":8,"avgGap":75,"buys":5,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":35,"avgGap":34}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_T000461_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Patrick Toomey cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","date":"2014-12-31","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":15,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_T000461_1p25","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"18 trades in PFS (Other) — 13% of this member's 144 total trades","explanation":"Patrick Toomey has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"PFS","count":18,"buys":1,"sells":17,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2014-06-12","lastDate":"2018-01-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_T000461_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TOOMEY, Patrick Joseph voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Vivek Hallegere Murthy, of Massachusetts, to be Medical Director in the Regular "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_T000461","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"15% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.2× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 144 disclosed trades, 22 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.2× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":22,"total":144,"rate":15.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":2.23}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_T000461","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 distinct pattern types firing; 1 sector with 3+ independent detectors converging (Energy)","explanation":"Patrick Toomey has findings in 9 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. 1 sector show convergence across 3+ patterns — when independent detectors point at the same sector on the same member, the noise hypothesis shrinks fast. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":9,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE"]},{"source":"sector_convergence","sector":"Energy","patternTypesConverged":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE"],"count":3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_T000461_TSLA_20201222","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick Toomey sell $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Kirkhorn Zachary  (CIK 0001771364)","filingDate":"2020-12-21","adsh":"0001771364-20-000024","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000461_TSLA_20200707","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick Toomey sell $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (Guillen Jerome M  (CIK 0001584518)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Guillen Jerome M  (CIK 0001584518)","filingDate":"2020-07-06","adsh":"0001584518-20-000008","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000461_AAPL_20200827","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AAPL 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick Toomey buy $AAPL 3 days after a corporate insider (COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"COOK TIMOTHY D  (CIK 0001214156)","filingDate":"2020-08-24","adsh":"0000320193-20-000064","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_T000461_SPG_20211015","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SPG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick Toomey buy $SPG 3 days after a corporate insider (Snow Ian K  (CIK 0001327044)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"Snow Ian K  (CIK 0001327044)","filingDate":"2021-10-12","adsh":"0000899243-21-040011","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000461_SHOP_20201222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SHOP 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick Toomey buy $SHOP 7 days before a corporate insider (LIVINGSTON PHILIP B  (CIK 0001020149)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHOP","filer":"LIVINGSTON PHILIP B  (CIK 0001020149)","filingDate":"2020-12-29","adsh":"0001104659-20-140314"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_T000461_TSLA_20201222","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $TSLA 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick Toomey sell $TSLA 8 days before a corporate insider (Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"Baglino Andrew D  (CIK 0001790565)","filingDate":"2020-12-30","adsh":"0001790565-20-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P78_T000461","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 12 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 27 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Patrick Toomey appears in 12 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 27 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 12 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: daily donation spike (9); coordinated trade cluster (4); insider followed trade (4); insider front ran trade (2); employer bundling (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":12,"totalFindings":27,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":9},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":2},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/T000461","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P82_T000461_2012","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Toomey filed 2 amendments to the 2012 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Patrick Toomey's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2012 report alone, with 4 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2012,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2A0CA730-9D2A-40BC-9358-DC9634748CF2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/10D0BD3E-3CFC-47BB-82EC-6F6615FA0E63/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/2A0CA730-9D2A-40BC-9358-DC9634748CF2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/10D0BD3E-3CFC-47BB-82EC-6F6615FA0E63/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_T000461","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick Toomey ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.1M across 10 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Patrick Toomey's FEC-bulk record shows $18.1M in lifetime PAC contributions across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $112.5M (PAC: $18.1M, individual: $88.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.1,"lifetimeReceiptsM":112.46,"lifetimeIndividualM":88.64,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S4PA00121"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4PA00121/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_T000461","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick Toomey ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $112M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Patrick Toomey's FEC-bulk record shows $112.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":112.46,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4PA00121"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4PA00121/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_T000461","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick Toomey disclosed 2 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL AX $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Patrick Toomey has filed 2 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL AX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-01-28 · BUY PFS $250,001 - $500,000 on 2014-06-12.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":2,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":350002,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"AX","action":"SELL","date":"2019-01-28","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"PFS","action":"BUY","date":"2014-06-12","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_T000461","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick Toomey executed 8 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL GME (1d apart)","explanation":"Patrick Toomey has 8 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL GME 2021-01-27 → 2021-01-28 (1d) · SELL→BUY TSLA 2020-07-07 → 2020-07-07 (0d) · BUY→SELL NKLA 2020-07-09 → 2020-07-20 (11d) · BUY→SELL NDAQ 2019-11-19 → 2019-11-19 (0d) · BUY→SELL BOX 2018-04-23 → 2018-05-02 (9d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":8,"samples":[{"ticker":"GME","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-27","date2":"2021-01-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TSLA","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-07-07","date2":"2020-07-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NKLA","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-07-09","date2":"2020-07-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NDAQ","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-11-19","date2":"2019-11-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BOX","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-04-23","date2":"2018-05-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BOX","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-05-02","date2":"2018-05-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SPY160219P00180000","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-01-19","date2":"2016-01-19","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"XLU","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-01-30","date2":"2015-02-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_T000461","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Toomey triggers 11 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Patrick Toomey accumulates 11 HIGH-severity findings across 18 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":11,"distinctDetectorTypes":18}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_T000461","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick Toomey — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (143/144)","explanation":"Patrick Toomey's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":144,"atBracket":143,"pct":"99.3"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_T000461","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick Toomey — 65 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Patrick Toomey has traded 65 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":65,"sample":["SPG","GBTC","ETHE","PENN","GME","TSLA","SHOP","AIV","NTRP","AAPL"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_T000461_PFS","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Toomey — 18 disclosed trades in single ticker PFS","explanation":"Patrick Toomey traded PFS on 18 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the PFS trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"PFS","count":18}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_T000461","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Toomey — DW-NOMINATE 0.62 vs PA delegation mean 0.01 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Patrick Toomey's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.62) is 1.7 standard deviations from the PA delegation mean (0.01). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PA","memberScore":0.624,"delegationMean":0.013452380952380962,"zscore":"1.75"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P198_T000461","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Toomey — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Patrick Toomey has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000461","https://www.congress.gov/member/patrick-toomey/T000461"]}],"R000572":[{"id":"P14_R000572_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"51381 employees of RETIRED gave $3,348,369 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 51381× RETIRED = $3,348,369. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":51381,"total":3348369,"years":["2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000572_nrr38k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$176,626 donation spike on 2024-06-28 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-28 this committee recorded $176,626 across 153 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,102.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00849810","date":"2024-06-28","amount":176626,"count":153,"baseline":25102,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00849810/"]},{"id":"P15_R000572_nrp6am","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,211 donation spike on 2024-03-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-30 this committee recorded $75,211 across 78 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,682.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00849810","date":"2024-03-30","amount":75211,"count":78,"baseline":11682,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00849810/"]},{"id":"P15_R000572_wkyohw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,006 donation spike on 2025-06-30 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-30 this committee recorded $69,006 across 58 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,212.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00849810","date":"2025-06-30","amount":69006,"count":58,"baseline":7212,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00849810/"]}],"K000368":[{"id":"P14_K000368_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"128286 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $3,268,971 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 128286× NOT EMPLOYED = $3,268,971; 18337× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,023,450. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":128286,"total":3268971,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":18337,"total":2023450,"years":["2012","2015","2016","2106"]}],"citations":[]}],"S001135":[{"id":"P14_S001135_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"52529 employees of RETIRED gave $2,790,304 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 52529× RETIRED = $2,790,304. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":52529,"total":2790304,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001135_rr1sr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,600 donation spike on 2019-06-04 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-04 this committee recorded $120,600 across 92 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,747.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00704981","date":"2019-06-04","amount":120600,"count":92,"baseline":11747,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00704981/"]},{"id":"P15_S001135_x0nmo1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,635 donation spike on 2020-02-26 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-26 this committee recorded $54,635 across 46 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,754.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00704981","date":"2020-02-26","amount":54635,"count":46,"baseline":4754,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00704981/"]}],"A000378":[{"id":"P14_A000378_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8640 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,521,815 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8640× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,521,815. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":8640,"total":2521815,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000378_BDX_2019-04-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-04-18 and 2019-04-23, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on BDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2019-04-18","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"}],"span":"2019-04-18 to 2019-04-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000378_CERN_2020-02-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CERN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-20 and 2020-02-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CERN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CERN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001207","name":"Mikie Sherrill"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"}],"span":"2020-02-20 to 2020-02-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000378_CERN_2020-02-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CERN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-26 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CERN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","date":"2020-02-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CERN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-02-26 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000378_CERN_2020-02-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CERN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-27 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CERN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","date":"2020-02-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CERN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-02-27 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_A000378_DLTR_2020-03-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DLTR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-05 and 2020-03-09, 3 members (Consumer sector) took the same direction on DLTR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLTR","date":"2020-03-05","action":"SELL","sector":"Consumer","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DLTR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"}],"span":"2020-03-05 to 2020-03-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000378_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Cynthia Axne executed 16 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-11-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2022-11-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PYPL","date":"2022-02-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEYS","date":"2022-01-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Herring Fishery; Adjustment to the 2022 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2022-10-26"},{"source":"regulation","title":"International Trademark Classification Changes","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2022-10-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000378_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Cynthia Axne executed 4 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-11-03","action":"SELL","daysDiff":16,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-02-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-02-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2021-01-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation: Amendments to the FAR Buy American Act Requirements; Correction","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2022-10-18"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2022-04; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2022-01-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000378_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Cynthia Axne executed 13 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2022-05-12","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2021-11-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2021-10-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2021-01-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Guidance Related to the Foreign Tax Credit; Clarification of Foreign-Derived Intangible Income","agency":"Treasury Department, Internal Revenue Service","date":"2022-04-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Web General License 8 and Subsequent Iterations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2021-10-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_A000378_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Cynthia Axne executed 4 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2022-05-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":23,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-04-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2020-02-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2019-12-31","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-2,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Food Additives Permitted in Feed and Drinking Water of Animals; Methyl Esters of Conjugated Linoleic Acid","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2022-04-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Order Suspending Introduction of Persons From a Country Where a Communicable Disease Exists","agency":"Health and Human Services Department","date":"2020-03-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_A000378_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Healthcare BUYs filed 487d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Healthcare (7 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Healthcare","count":9,"avgGap":487,"buys":7,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":70,"avgGap":422}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_A000378_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 526d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (3 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":5,"avgGap":526,"buys":3,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":70,"avgGap":422}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_A000378","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"73% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 11.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 113 disclosed trades, 82 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 11.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":82,"total":113,"rate":72.6},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":11.27}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_A000378_KEYS_20210611","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KEYS 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $KEYS 1 day after a corporate insider (Estrada Ingrid A  (CIK 0001621346)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEYS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KEYS","filer":"Estrada Ingrid A  (CIK 0001621346)","filingDate":"2021-06-10","adsh":"0001601046-21-000048","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000378_PGR_20210120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $PGR 1 day after a corporate insider (Bauer Jonathan S.  (CIK 0001798968)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Bauer Jonathan S.  (CIK 0001798968)","filingDate":"2021-01-19","adsh":"0001127602-21-001935","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000378_LMT_20220224","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LMT 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne sell $LMT 1 day after a corporate insider (Lavan Maryanne  (CIK 0001495449)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMT","filer":"Lavan Maryanne  (CIK 0001495449)","filingDate":"2022-02-23","adsh":"0001225208-22-003164","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000378_SSNC_20200312","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SSNC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne sell $SSNC 2 days after a corporate insider (Frank Joseph J.  (CIK 0001734126)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SSNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SSNC","filer":"Frank Joseph J.  (CIK 0001734126)","filingDate":"2020-03-10","adsh":"0001209191-20-017739","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000378_V_20201123","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $V 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $V 4 days after a corporate insider (GCGM Investment Holdings, LP  (CIK 0001774568)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"GCGM Investment Holdings, LP  (CIK 0001774568)","filingDate":"2020-11-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-059459","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_A000378_SBUX_20200622","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SBUX 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $SBUX 4 days after a corporate insider (Walker Jill  (CIK 0001769616)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"Walker Jill  (CIK 0001769616)","filingDate":"2020-06-18","adsh":"0001127602-20-020070","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_MA_20211123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MA 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $MA 1 day before a corporate insider (ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MA","filer":"ADVENT INTERNATIONAL CORP/MA  (CIK 0001034196)","filingDate":"2021-11-24","adsh":"0001140361-21-039397"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_V_20201123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $V 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $V 1 day before a corporate insider (BOHN LAWRENCE S  (CIK 0001135369)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"BOHN LAWRENCE S  (CIK 0001135369)","filingDate":"2020-11-24","adsh":"0001209191-20-060273"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_LMT_20220224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $LMT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne sell $LMT 1 day before a corporate insider (TAICLET JAMES D JR  (CIK 0001218672)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LMT","filer":"TAICLET JAMES D JR  (CIK 0001218672)","filingDate":"2022-02-25","adsh":"0001225208-22-003456"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_JEF_20220113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $JEF 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $JEF 1 day before a corporate insider (Weiler Melissa  (CIK 0001845244)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JEF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JEF","filer":"Weiler Melissa  (CIK 0001845244)","filingDate":"2022-01-14","adsh":"0001214659-22-000720"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_AMT_20201210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMT 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $AMT 4 days before a corporate insider (Meyer Robert Joseph JR  (CIK 0001363889)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"Meyer Robert Joseph JR  (CIK 0001363889)","filingDate":"2020-12-14","adsh":"0001053507-20-000175"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_SBUX_20200330","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SBUX 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $SBUX 4 days before a corporate insider (ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013258"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_CHD_20210611","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHD 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $CHD 4 days before a corporate insider (Linares Carlos G.  (CIK 0001695951)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHD","filer":"Linares Carlos G.  (CIK 0001695951)","filingDate":"2021-06-15","adsh":"0001127602-21-019883"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_DLTR_20200309","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $DLTR 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne sell $DLTR 4 days before a corporate insider (O'Boyle Thomas Jr  (CIK 0001500150)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DLTR","filer":"O'Boyle Thomas Jr  (CIK 0001500150)","filingDate":"2020-03-13","adsh":"0001127602-20-010533"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_AZO_20201230","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AZO 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $AZO 5 days before a corporate insider (GRIFFIN RONALD B  (CIK 0001179385)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AZO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AZO","filer":"GRIFFIN RONALD B  (CIK 0001179385)","filingDate":"2021-01-04","adsh":"0001225208-21-000057"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_JNJ_20200213","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $JNJ 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $JNJ 5 days before a corporate insider (Fasolo Peter  (CIK 0001509999)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"JNJ","filer":"Fasolo Peter  (CIK 0001509999)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0001225208-20-002658"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_CHD_20210827","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CHD 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $CHD 5 days before a corporate insider (FARRELL MATTHEW  (CIK 0001196053)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CHD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-08-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CHD","filer":"FARRELL MATTHEW  (CIK 0001196053)","filingDate":"2021-09-01","adsh":"0001127602-21-024654"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_CERN_20200227","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CERN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne sell $CERN 5 days before a corporate insider (Shafer David Brent  (CIK 0001728374)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-27"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CERN","filer":"Shafer David Brent  (CIK 0001728374)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-015400"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_KEYS_20220113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KEYS 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $KEYS 6 days before a corporate insider (Keys Randall D  (CIK 0001050736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEYS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KEYS","filer":"Keys Randall D  (CIK 0001050736)","filingDate":"2022-01-19","adsh":"0001493152-22-001592"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_PGR_20201210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PGR 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $PGR 6 days before a corporate insider (Sieger Michael D  (CIK 0001630173)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PGR","filer":"Sieger Michael D  (CIK 0001630173)","filingDate":"2020-12-16","adsh":"0001127602-20-031595"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_GPN_20220113","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $GPN 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $GPN 6 days before a corporate insider (JACOBS WILLIAM I  (CIK 0001019556)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GPN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GPN","filer":"JACOBS WILLIAM I  (CIK 0001019556)","filingDate":"2022-01-19","adsh":"0001127602-22-001558"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_A000378_DHR_20220510","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DHR 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cynthia Axne buy $DHR 7 days before a corporate insider (Honeycutt Jennifer  (CIK 0001834046)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DHR","filer":"Honeycutt Jennifer  (CIK 0001834046)","filingDate":"2022-05-17","adsh":"0000313616-22-000142"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_A000378_2019-12-12_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 19 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Cynthia Axne delivered a 2837-word floor speech on 2019-12-12 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I have an amendment at the desk. The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: At the end of title VII, add the following: Subtitle D—…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 19 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-12-12","chamber":"House","wordCount":2837,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I have an amendment at the desk. The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment. The text of the amendment is as fol- lows: At the end of title VII, add the following: Subtitle D—","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/12/165/199/CREC-2019-12-12-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/12/165/199/CREC-2019-12-12-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_A000378_2019-12-11_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $JNJ 20 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Cynthia Axne delivered a 258-word floor speech on 2019-12-11 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise today and call on Congress to support our seniors and those on Medicare by low- ering the cost of prescription drugs. Seniors will get a 1.6 percent cost-of- living increase this y…\"). The member buy $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 20 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-12-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":258,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise today and call on Congress to support our seniors and those on Medicare by low- ering the cost of prescription drugs. Seniors will get a 1.6 percent cost-of- living increase this y","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-12-31"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/12/11/CREC-2019-12-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P149_A000378","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Axne triggers 12 HIGH-severity findings across 8 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Cynthia Axne accumulates 12 HIGH-severity findings across 8 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":12,"distinctDetectorTypes":8}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_A000378","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cynthia Axne — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (113/113)","explanation":"Cynthia Axne's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":113,"atBracket":113,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_A000378","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia Axne — 45 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Cynthia Axne has traded 45 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":45,"sample":["JEF","DHR","AMZN","CHD","PYPL","LMT","LBRDA","BRBR","JPM","JNJ"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"P000583":[{"id":"P14_P000583_jivwir","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6060 employees of SELF gave $2,435,556 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 6060× SELF = $2,435,556; 4071× NONE = $1,803,846. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF","count":6060,"total":2435556,"years":["2008","2011","2012"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":4071,"total":1803846,"years":["2008","2011","2012"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000583_2vni1e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,229,881 donation spike on 2011-12-16 — 15.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-16 this committee recorded $1,229,881 across 3529 contributions — 15.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $77,483.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495820","date":"2011-12-16","amount":1229881,"count":3529,"baseline":77483,"ratio":15.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495820/"]},{"id":"P15_P000583_2vm82f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$786,077 donation spike on 2011-10-19 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-10-19 this committee recorded $786,077 across 2308 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $62,907.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495820","date":"2011-10-19","amount":786077,"count":2308,"baseline":62907,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495820/"]},{"id":"P15_P000583_2v69d9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$489,110 donation spike on 2011-06-05 — 17.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-05 this committee recorded $489,110 across 1128 contributions — 17.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $27,267.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495820","date":"2011-06-05","amount":489110,"count":1128,"baseline":27267,"ratio":17.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495820/"]},{"id":"P15_P000583_2v7jdw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$477,270 donation spike on 2011-08-20 — 14.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-08-20 this committee recorded $477,270 across 1278 contributions — 14.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $33,248.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495820","date":"2011-08-20","amount":477270,"count":1278,"baseline":33248,"ratio":14.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495820/"]},{"id":"P15_P000583_2v5mdq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$354,605 donation spike on 2011-05-05 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-05-05 this committee recorded $354,605 across 814 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $43,125.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495820","date":"2011-05-05","amount":354605,"count":814,"baseline":43125,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495820/"]},{"id":"P15_P000583_2v86ea","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$276,337 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $276,337 across 654 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $45,871.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495820","date":"2011-09-30","amount":276337,"count":654,"baseline":45871,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495820/"]},{"id":"P15_P000583_hjhzo0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$269,228 donation spike on 2012-02-14 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-02-14 this committee recorded $269,228 across 888 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $35,170.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495820","date":"2012-02-14","amount":269228,"count":888,"baseline":35170,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495820/"]},{"id":"P15_P000583_hjj9n3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$235,287 donation spike on 2012-04-15 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-04-15 this committee recorded $235,287 across 835 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,113.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00495820","date":"2012-04-15","amount":235287,"count":835,"baseline":30113,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00495820/"]},{"id":"P181_P000583","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Paul — 117 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Ron Paul sponsored 117 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":117}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"O000171":[{"id":"P14_O000171_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9116 employees of N/A gave $2,414,428 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9116× N/A = $2,414,428. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":9116,"total":2414428,"years":["2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_O000171_i0f8ro","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,156 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $84,156 across 123 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,314.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00582890","date":"2022-09-30","amount":84156,"count":123,"baseline":10314,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582890/"]},{"id":"P15_O000171_woxcwu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$75,560 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $75,560 across 55 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,656.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00582890","date":"2021-03-31","amount":75560,"count":55,"baseline":9656,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582890/"]},{"id":"P15_O000171_nnubst","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,686 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $53,686 across 89 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,588.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00582890","date":"2020-06-30","amount":53686,"count":89,"baseline":6588,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00582890/"]},{"id":"P20_O000171_1fau","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Tom O'Halleran sits on committees overseeing Agriculture, Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CAT","date":"2020-03-31","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":293987.42,"agencies":["Department of Agriculture"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_O000171_CAT_20200331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CAT 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom O'Halleran sell $CAT 3 days before a corporate insider (CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001654648-20-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_O000171_NEM_20200331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NEM 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom O'Halleran sell $NEM 8 days before a corporate insider (Kitlen John  (CIK 0001676175)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEM","filer":"Kitlen John  (CIK 0001676175)","filingDate":"2020-04-08","adsh":"0001164727-20-000092"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_O000171","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom O'Halleran draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.0M PAC / $24.1M total)","explanation":"Tom O'Halleran's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.0M of $24.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.02,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.15,"pacSharePct":37.4,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H6AZ01199"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AZ01199/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"N000171":[{"id":"P14_N000171_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3486 employees of NONE gave $2,354,890 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3486× NONE = $2,354,890. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":3486,"total":2354890,"years":["2013","2014"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_N000171_63iqmt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150,300 donation spike on 2013-11-13 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-11-13 this committee recorded $150,300 across 152 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,880.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00547414","date":"2013-11-13","amount":150300,"count":152,"baseline":19880,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00547414/"]},{"id":"P29_N000171_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NUNN, Samuel Augustus voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":899,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":6,"description":"To refer the White House Travel Office matter to the Court of Federal Claims."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":897,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Treasury Department, the United States Post"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To prohibit the restriction of certain types of medical communications between a"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":895,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to end deferral for United States sha"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":892,"date":"1996-09-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"An Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 1997 for military activities "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P185_N000171","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sam Nunn — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Sam Nunn served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000171","https://www.congress.gov/member/sam-nunn/N000171"]},{"id":"P200_N000171","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Nunn — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–104)","explanation":"Sam Nunn began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000171","https://www.congress.gov/member/sam-nunn/N000171"]}],"C001122":[{"id":"P14_C001122_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10327 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,248,252 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 10327× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,248,252. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":10327,"total":2248252,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001122_ovlfea","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$174,469 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $174,469 across 312 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,040.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650507","date":"2018-09-30","amount":174469,"count":312,"baseline":15040,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650507/"]},{"id":"P15_C001122_a77569","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,964 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $65,964 across 138 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,622.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650507","date":"2019-09-30","amount":65964,"count":138,"baseline":9622,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650507/"]},{"id":"P15_C001122_ovp9bf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,625 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $56,625 across 80 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,151.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650507","date":"2018-03-31","amount":56625,"count":80,"baseline":4151,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650507/"]},{"id":"P15_C001122_ovnccv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,600 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $55,600 across 96 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,799.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00650507","date":"2018-06-30","amount":55600,"count":96,"baseline":6799,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00650507/"]}],"R000616":[{"id":"P14_R000616_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7875 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,242,567 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7875× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,242,567. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":7875,"total":2242567,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000616_ct7fav","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$138,555 donation spike on 2022-02-06 — 22.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-06 this committee recorded $138,555 across 63 contributions — 22.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,197.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633982","date":"2022-02-06","amount":138555,"count":63,"baseline":6197,"ratio":22.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633982/"]},{"id":"P15_R000616_rhj5id","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,168 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $50,168 across 54 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,072.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633982","date":"2021-06-30","amount":50168,"count":54,"baseline":6072,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633982/"]},{"id":"P18_R000616_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Harley Rouda executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2020-02-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2020-02-20","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 Meters) Leng","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels Less Than 60 Feet (18.3 Meters) Leng","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_R000616_TSLA_20200220","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TSLA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Harley Rouda buy $TSLA 1 day after a corporate insider (ELLISON LAWRENCE JOSEPH  (CIK 0000901999)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TSLA","filer":"ELLISON LAWRENCE JOSEPH  (CIK 0000901999)","filingDate":"2020-02-19","adsh":"0001494730-20-000002","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_R000616_AMZN_20200220","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Harley Rouda buy $AMZN 5 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0000899243-20-005753"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P140_R000616","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harley Rouda disclosed 4 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL RCKY $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Harley Rouda has filed 4 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL RCKY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-09-10 · SELL RCKY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-04-05 · SELL RCKY $250,001 - $500,000 on 2019-03-05 · SELL RCKY $100,001 - $250,000 on 2019-02-28.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":4,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":550004,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"RCKY","action":"SELL","date":"2019-09-10","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"RCKY","action":"SELL","date":"2019-04-05","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"RCKY","action":"SELL","date":"2019-03-05","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"RCKY","action":"SELL","date":"2019-02-28","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_R000616","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harley Rouda executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL RCKY (17d apart)","explanation":"Harley Rouda has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL RCKY 2019-02-11 → 2019-02-28 (17d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"RCKY","days":17,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-02-11","date2":"2019-02-28","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"W000825":[{"id":"P14_W000825_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8960 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,237,323 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8960× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,237,323. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":8960,"total":2237323,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000825_kgp9cz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,806 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $65,806 across 56 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,053.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00638023","date":"2019-12-31","amount":65806,"count":56,"baseline":9053,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638023/"]},{"id":"P15_W000825_2w9im2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,490 donation spike on 2021-12-31 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-31 this committee recorded $52,490 across 45 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,902.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00638023","date":"2021-12-31","amount":52490,"count":45,"baseline":6902,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638023/"]},{"id":"P15_W000825_hk8h5e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,646 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $51,646 across 135 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,300.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00638023","date":"2022-09-30","amount":51646,"count":135,"baseline":7300,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638023/"]},{"id":"P15_W000825_8wimrs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,490 donation spike on 2017-09-30 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-30 this committee recorded $50,490 across 44 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,412.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00638023","date":"2017-09-30","amount":50490,"count":44,"baseline":5412,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638023/"]},{"id":"P29_W000825_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WEXTON, Jennifer voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"}],"citations":[]}],"B001312":[{"id":"P14_B001312_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5876 employees of RETIRED gave $2,226,408 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5876× RETIRED = $2,226,408. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":5876,"total":2226408,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001312_c4hm1q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$307,714 donation spike on 2022-06-05 — 14.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-05 this committee recorded $307,714 across 191 contributions — 14.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,655.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00649376","date":"2022-06-05","amount":307714,"count":191,"baseline":20655,"ratio":14.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649376/"]},{"id":"P15_B001312_c4gz4o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$153,810 donation spike on 2022-05-31 — 15.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-31 this committee recorded $153,810 across 134 contributions — 15.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,099.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00649376","date":"2022-05-31","amount":153810,"count":134,"baseline":10099,"ratio":15.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649376/"]},{"id":"P15_B001312_2jve6g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,859 donation spike on 2021-08-13 — 16.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-13 this committee recorded $100,859 across 91 contributions — 16.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,013.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00649376","date":"2021-08-13","amount":100859,"count":91,"baseline":6013,"ratio":16.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649376/"]},{"id":"P15_B001312_2jyl2f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,833 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $55,833 across 53 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,343.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00649376","date":"2021-03-31","amount":55833,"count":53,"baseline":9343,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649376/"]},{"id":"P15_B001312_2jve6f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,185 donation spike on 2021-08-14 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-08-14 this committee recorded $51,185 across 41 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,714.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00649376","date":"2021-08-14","amount":51185,"count":41,"baseline":7714,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00649376/"]}],"A000368":[{"id":"P14_A000368_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8143 employees of RETIRED gave $2,177,358 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8143× RETIRED = $2,177,358. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":8143,"total":2177358,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000368_c3a2oq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$315,513 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $315,513 across 271 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $31,494.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464297","date":"2016-03-31","amount":315513,"count":271,"baseline":31494,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464297/"]},{"id":"P15_A000368_c385q6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$292,964 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $292,964 across 223 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $29,805.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464297","date":"2016-06-30","amount":292964,"count":223,"baseline":29805,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464297/"]},{"id":"P15_A000368_qrocyh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$145,600 donation spike on 2015-03-11 — 15.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-11 this committee recorded $145,600 across 76 contributions — 15.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,553.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464297","date":"2015-03-11","amount":145600,"count":76,"baseline":9553,"ratio":15.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464297/"]},{"id":"P15_A000368_qrocws","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,300 donation spike on 2015-03-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-30 this committee recorded $115,300 across 90 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,192.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464297","date":"2015-03-30","amount":115300,"count":90,"baseline":19192,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464297/"]},{"id":"P15_A000368_qrlt0b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,097 donation spike on 2015-07-13 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-07-13 this committee recorded $113,097 across 93 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,565.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464297","date":"2015-07-13","amount":113097,"count":93,"baseline":17565,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464297/"]},{"id":"P15_A000368_c38sr6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$110,550 donation spike on 2016-05-19 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-05-19 this committee recorded $110,550 across 64 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,864.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464297","date":"2016-05-19","amount":110550,"count":64,"baseline":17864,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464297/"]},{"id":"P15_A000368_qrlt0e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$105,615 donation spike on 2015-07-10 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-07-10 this committee recorded $105,615 across 57 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,838.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464297","date":"2015-07-10","amount":105615,"count":57,"baseline":13838,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464297/"]},{"id":"P15_A000368_tl21tu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,800 donation spike on 2014-04-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-04-30 this committee recorded $89,800 across 69 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,180.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464297","date":"2014-04-30","amount":89800,"count":69,"baseline":9180,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464297/"]},{"id":"P29_A000368_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NH R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"AYOTTE, Kelly voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Vivek Hallegere Murthy, of Massachusetts, to be Medical Director in the Regular "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":635,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":630,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Daniel J. Santos, of Virginia, to be a Member of the Defense Nuclear Facilities "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":629,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"}],"citations":[]}],"C001134":[{"id":"P14_C001134_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5460 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,108,212 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5460× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,108,212. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":5460,"total":2108212,"years":["2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]}],"H000547":[{"id":"P14_H000547_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4045 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,087,875 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4045× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,087,875. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4045,"total":2087875,"years":["2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H000547_e7y6ik","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,250 donation spike on 2023-07-06 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-07-06 this committee recorded $85,250 across 60 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,273.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00844480","date":"2023-07-06","amount":85250,"count":60,"baseline":14273,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844480/"]}],"B001268":[{"id":"P14_B001268_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3506 employees of RETIRED gave $2,056,551 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3506× RETIRED = $2,056,551; 2068× INFORMATION REQUESTED PER BEST = $1,567,806. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":3506,"total":2056551,"years":["2011","2012","2013"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"INFORMATION REQUESTED PER BEST EFFO","count":2068,"total":1567806,"years":["2011","2012","2013"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001268_outmzu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$249,914 donation spike on 2013-01-04 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-01-04 this committee recorded $249,914 across 154 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $36,534.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467233","date":"2013-01-04","amount":249914,"count":154,"baseline":36534,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467233/"]},{"id":"P15_B001268_ea1l3h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,109 donation spike on 2013-11-04 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-11-04 this committee recorded $71,109 across 33 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,706.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541870","date":"2013-11-04","amount":71109,"count":33,"baseline":5706,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541870/"]},{"id":"P68_B001268","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 9 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$5.2M","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 9 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $5,225,003. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Residential Rental Property #4 Descripti (Real Estate Residential, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Residential Rental Property #5 Descripti (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Residential Rental Property #6 Descripti (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000); Residential Rental Property #1 Descripti (Real Estate Residential, $250,001 - $500,000); Residential Rental Property #2 Descripti (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":9,"totalEstMidpoint":5225003,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Residential Rental Property #4 Description: Apartment Building (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #5 Description: Condominium (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #6 Description: Condominium (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #1 Description: Condominium (Hampton, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #2 Description: Condominium (Hampton, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_B001268","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 6 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Manager) at S&G Media LLC Rye, NH","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 6 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Manager) at S&G Media LLC Rye, NH (Other (Limited Liability Compa); Other (Manager) at S&G Realty Rye, NH (Other (a series of S&G Media, ); Other (Manager) at S&G Realty Ventures Rye, NH (Other (a series of S&G Media, ).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":6,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Oct 2013 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"S&G Media LLC Rye, NH","entityType":"Other (Limited Liability Company)"},{"dates":"Oct 2013 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"S&G Realty Rye, NH","entityType":"Other (a series of S&G Media, LLC, a Delaware limi"},{"dates":"Oct 2013 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"S&G Realty Ventures Rye, NH","entityType":"Other (a series of S&G Media, LLC, a Delaware limi"},{"dates":"Jan 2023 to Nov 2023","role":"Consultant","entity":"Focal Point Energy Inc. San Diego, CA","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 2023 to May 2025","role":"Consultant","entity":"National Taxpayer Union Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jun 2015 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"The Gail M. Brown Revocable Trust Rye, NH","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_B001268","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$351,307 in outside earned income — top source: Trinity Broadcasting Network Fort Worth, TX ($$125,000.00)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $351,307 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 7 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Trinity Broadcasting Network Fort Worth, TX ($125,000.00, Other (1099 Consulting Fees)); National Taxpayers Union Washington, D.C. ($90,000.00, Other (1099 Consulting Fees)); S&G Realty Rye, NH ($44,500.00, Partnership Distributions).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":351307,"count":7,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (1099 Consulting Fees)","source":"Trinity Broadcasting Network Fort Worth, TX","amount":"$125,000.00","amountNumeric":125000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (1099 Consulting Fees)","source":"National Taxpayers Union Washington, D.C.","amount":"$90,000.00","amountNumeric":90000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Partnership Distributions","source":"S&G Realty Rye, NH","amount":"$44,500.00","amountNumeric":44500},{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"Commonwealth of Massachusetts Boston, MA","amount":"$37,182.00","amountNumeric":37182},{"owner":"Self","type":"Partnership Distributions","source":"S&G Media LLC Rye, NH","amount":"$30,000.00","amountNumeric":30000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Partnership Distributions","source":"S&G Realty Ventures Rye, NH","amount":"$12,750.00","amountNumeric":12750},{"owner":"Self","type":"Wages","source":"City of Amesbury Amesbury, MA","amount":"$11,875.00","amountNumeric":11875}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott P. Brown discloses 18 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 18 unascertainable, 23% of 79 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 18 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 18 unascertainable) across 79 total reported assets — 23% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: S&G Media LLC Company: S&G Media LLC (Rye, NH) Description: Media and related services. (--) · S&G Realty Company: S&G Realty (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer comment: Entity is a (--) · S&G Realty Ventures Company: S&G Realty Ventures (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer co (--) · Massachusetts 529 Plan #1 Institution: Fidelity Investments (--) · Massachusetts 529 Plan #2 Institution: Fidelity Investments (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":18,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":18,"totalAssets":79,"opaqueRatio":0.228,"samples":[{"asset":"S&G Media LLC Company: S&G Media LLC (Rye, NH) Description: Media and related services.","value":"--"},{"asset":"S&G Realty Company: S&G Realty (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer comment: Entity is a","value":"--"},{"asset":"S&G Realty Ventures Company: S&G Realty Ventures (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer co","value":"--"},{"asset":"Massachusetts 529 Plan #1 Institution: Fidelity Investments","value":"--"},{"asset":"Massachusetts 529 Plan #2 Institution: Fidelity Investments","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott P. Brown discloses 8 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 8 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: S&G Realty Company: S&G Realty (Rye, NH) Description: Rental · Residential Rental Property #4 Description: Apartment Buildi · Residential Rental Property #5 Description: Condominium (Por · Residential Rental Property #6 Description: Condominium (Por.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":8,"properties":[{"name":"S&G Realty Company: S&G Realty (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer comment: Entity is a series of","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #4 Description: Apartment Building (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #5 Description: Condominium (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #6 Description: Condominium (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"S&G Realty Ventures Company: S&G Realty Ventures (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer comment: Ent","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #1 Description: Condominium (Hampton, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #2 Description: Condominium (Hampton, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #3 Description: Condominium (Hampton, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 PFD: 32 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (40% of 80 reported assets)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 32 reported holdings owned by Spouse (11), Joint (21), or Dependent (0) — 40% of 80 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: S&G Media LLC Company: S&G Media LLC (Rye, NH) Description: Media and related se · Joint: TD Bank N.A. (Mount Laurel, NJ) Type: Checking · Spouse: TD Bank N.A. (Mount Laurel, NJ) Type: Savings · Joint: TD Bank N.A. (Mount Laurel, NJ) Type: Checking.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":11,"Joint":21,"Dependent":0,"Self":47},"totalAssets":80,"familyShare":0.4,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"S&G Media LLC Company: S&G Media LLC (Rye, NH) Description: Media and related se","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TD Bank N.A. (Mount Laurel, NJ) Type: Checking","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"TD Bank N.A. (Mount Laurel, NJ) Type: Savings","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TD Bank N.A. (Mount Laurel, NJ) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TD Bank N.A. (Mount Laurel, NJ) Type: Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 PFD: 2 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Nationwide New Heights Select 9 Fixed Indexed Annuity Provider: Nationwide Life and Annuity","type":"Annuity Fixed","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Residential Rental Property #4 Description: Apartment Building (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P91_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott P. Brown (Massachusetts) discloses 8 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: New Hampshire (8)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown represents Massachusetts but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 8 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Massachusetts (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: New Hampshire: 8. Sample: S&G Realty Company: S&G Realty (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer comment: Entity is a (New Hampshire) · Residential Rental Property #4 Description: Apartment Building (Portsmouth, NH) (New Hampshire) · Residential Rental Property #5 Description: Condominium (Portsmouth, NH) (New Hampshire).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Massachusetts","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":8,"byState":{"NH":8},"samples":[{"name":"S&G Realty Company: S&G Realty (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer comment: Entity is a","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"NH"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #4 Description: Apartment Building (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","state":"NH"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #5 Description: Condominium (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"NH"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #6 Description: Condominium (Portsmouth, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","state":"NH"},{"name":"S&G Realty Ventures Company: S&G Realty Ventures (Rye, NH) Description: Rental real estate. Filer co","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"NH"},{"name":"Residential Rental Property #1 Description: Condominium (Hampton, NH)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"NH"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown discloses 1 precious-metal holding on 2025 PFD — GLD - Smart Gold ETF","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 precious-metal position (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: GLD - Smart Gold ETF.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"GLD - Smart Gold ETF","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P104_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 PFD lists 3 entities bearing the surname \"Brown\" — top: The Gail M Brown Revocable","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 3 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Brown\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: The Gail M Brown Revocable (asset) · The Gail M Brown Revocable (asset) · The Gail M. Brown Revocable (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Brown","count":3,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"The Gail M Brown Revocable Trust #1","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"asset","entry":"The Gail M Brown Revocable Trust #2","type":"Trust General Trust"},{"source":"position","entry":"The Gail M. Brown Revocable Trust Rye, NH","position":"Trustee"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Scott P. Brown holds 9 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), AAPL ($20.9M), NVDA ($7.8M)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 9 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $83.7M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · NVDA ($7.8M, 21 filings) · ABBV ($7.3M, 35 filings) · PEP ($5.7M, 20 filings) · CSCO ($5.4M, 36 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":9,"totalLobbyAcrossM":83.75,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"NVDA","totalLobby":7800000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"NVIDIA"},{"ticker":"ABBV","totalLobby":7350000,"recordCount":35,"topClient":"ABBVIE INC."},{"ticker":"PEP","totalLobby":5700000,"recordCount":20,"topClient":"PEPSICO INC"},{"ticker":"CSCO","totalLobby":5370000,"recordCount":36,"topClient":"CISCO SYSTEMS INC."},{"ticker":"UNP","totalLobby":4362000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY"},{"ticker":"PANW","totalLobby":4050000,"recordCount":21,"topClient":"PALO ALTO NETWORKS INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown holds 1 high-patent ticker (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 10,895 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalPatents":10895,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P114_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown holds 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — AMZN, AAPL","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: AMZN ($15,001 - $50,000) · AAPL ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com Inc","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P116_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P116_PFD_SEMICONDUCTOR_HOLDING_CHIPS_ACT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown holds 2 semiconductor tickers on 2025 PFD — AVGO, NVDA","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 semiconductor / chip-industry stock holdings — companies directly affected by the CHIPS & Science Act ($52B in subsidies and tax credits), China export-control rules (chip restrictions, equipment bans), CFIUS foreign-investment screening, and semiconductor tariff debates. Senators voting on chip-export licenses, foreign-investment restrictions, and CHIPS Act allocations while holding these stocks display direct portfolio alignment with their committee work. Holdings: AVGO ($15,001 - $50,000) · NVDA ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_semiconductor","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AVGO","asset":"AVGO - Broadcom Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","asset":"NVDA - Nvidia Corp","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onChipCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases","https://www.bis.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown holds 1 oil/gas ticker on 2025 PFD — DVN","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: DVN (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"DVN","asset":"DVN - Devon Energy Corp","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — ABBV","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: ABBV ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"ABBV","asset":"ABBV - Abbvie Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P129_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P129_PFD_MINING_METALS_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown holds 1 mining/metals ticker on 2025 PFD — VALE","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in mining or metals companies — copper (Freeport-McMoRan FCX), gold/silver (Newmont NEM, Barrick GOLD, Pan American PAAS), steel (Nucor NUE, Steel Dynamics STLD, US Steel X, Cleveland-Cliffs CLF), aluminum (Alcoa AA), or critical-minerals / rare-earths (MP Materials MP, Albemarle ALB, Lithium Americas LAC). Mining-stock prices respond directly to tariff decisions, Defense Production Act allocations, and IRA domestic-sourcing rules. Holdings: VALE (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_mining_metals","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VALE","asset":"VALE - Vale S.A. ADR","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onMiningCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.blm.gov/programs/energy-and-minerals/mining-and-minerals"]},{"id":"P130_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 PFD: 50% of 12 classified ticker holdings in Technology (6/12)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows ticker-holding concentration in a single sector — 6 of 12 classified holdings (50%) are in Technology. Concentration is the inverse of diversification: when a senator's portfolio leans this heavily toward one industry, every regulatory decision affecting that industry has outsized impact on their personal balance sheet. The senator's wealth tracks Technology-sector beta directly — federal-policy shocks to Technology (taxes, regulations, antitrust enforcement, subsidies, sanctions) move their net worth more than they would for a diversified portfolio. Sector breakdown: Technology (6) · Staples (2) · Pharma (1) · Energy (1) · Finance (1).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sector_concentration","year":"2025","totalClassified":12,"sectorCounts":{"Technology":6,"Staples":2,"Pharma":1,"Energy":1,"Finance":1,"Industrials":1},"topSector":"Technology","concentration":0.5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_B001268","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $12.4M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $12.4M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 80; earned-income on first filing: $353,807.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":12431734.5,"assetCount":80,"earnedIncome":353807,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_B001268","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott P. Brown ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $93M across 4 cycles","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's FEC-bulk record shows $92.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 4 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":92.85,"cycleCount":4,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0MA00109"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0MA00109/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P147_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 PFD reports earned income $354K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Boston,)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $353,807 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Pension from Commonwealth of Massachusetts Boston, ($37,182.00) · Self: Wages from City of Amesbury Amesbury, ($11,875.00) · Spouse: Salary from Strawberry Banke Museum Portsmouth, (> $1,000) · Self: Other (1099 Consulting Fees) from Trinity Broadcasting Network Fort ($125,000.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":353807,"earnedIncomeK":354,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Pension","payer":"Commonwealth of Massachusetts Boston, MA","amount":"$37,182.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Wages","payer":"City of Amesbury Amesbury, MA","amount":"$11,875.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Strawberry Banke Museum Portsmouth, NH","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (1099 Consulting Fees)","payer":"Trinity Broadcasting Network Fort Worth, TX","amount":"$125,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (1099 Consulting Fees)","payer":"National Taxpayers Union Washington, D.C.","amount":"$90,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Partnership Distributions","payer":"S&G Media LLC Rye, NH","amount":"$30,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P159_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown holds 1 non-US-domiciled stock on 2025 PFD across 1 country — VALE (Brazil)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 1 country (Brazil). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: VALE (Brazil, None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":1,"countries":["Brazil"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"VALE","country":"Brazil","asset":"VALE - Vale S.A. ADR","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P173_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_B001268_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown — 25 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's 2025 Senate PFD shows 25 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":25,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/dadd912a-9e92-4e52-ad79-4e40d6956cfd/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_B001268","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott P. Brown — DW-NOMINATE 0.13 vs MA delegation mean -0.36 (2.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Scott P. Brown's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.13) is 2.5 standard deviations from the MA delegation mean (-0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MA","memberScore":0.128,"delegationMean":-0.3643142857142857,"zscore":"2.47"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C001090":[{"id":"P14_C001090_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6005 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,039,338 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 6005× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,039,338. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":6005,"total":2039338,"years":["2012","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_C001090_1kiw9y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,951 donation spike on 2024-04-03 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-03 this committee recorded $101,951 across 55 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,029.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509968","date":"2024-04-03","amount":101951,"count":55,"baseline":17029,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509968/"]},{"id":"P15_C001090_rs6h5z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,341 donation spike on 2022-09-30 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-30 this committee recorded $93,341 across 129 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,751.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509968","date":"2022-09-30","amount":93341,"count":129,"baseline":12751,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509968/"]},{"id":"P15_C001090_gs2myu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,710 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $79,710 across 66 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,813.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509968","date":"2017-03-31","amount":79710,"count":66,"baseline":8813,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509968/"]},{"id":"P15_C001090_ow8ukv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,350 donation spike on 2019-03-29 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-29 this committee recorded $65,350 across 52 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,815.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509968","date":"2019-03-29","amount":65350,"count":52,"baseline":6815,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509968/"]},{"id":"P15_C001090_rsab34","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,351 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $54,351 across 64 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,264.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509968","date":"2022-03-31","amount":54351,"count":64,"baseline":6264,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509968/"]},{"id":"P29_C001090_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CARTWRIGHT, Matt voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P198_C001090","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Matt Cartwright — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Matt Cartwright has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C001090","https://www.congress.gov/member/matt-cartwright/C001090"]}],"D000630":[{"id":"P14_D000630_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8229 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $2,016,337 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8229× NOT EMPLOYED = $2,016,337. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":8229,"total":2016337,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_D000630_9ap3kf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$212,304 donation spike on 2022-05-19 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-19 this committee recorded $212,304 across 98 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,965.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633859","date":"2022-05-19","amount":212304,"count":98,"baseline":12965,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633859/"]},{"id":"P15_D000630_9aogl2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$187,700 donation spike on 2022-06-13 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-13 this committee recorded $187,700 across 68 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $29,490.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633859","date":"2022-06-13","amount":187700,"count":68,"baseline":29490,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633859/"]},{"id":"P15_D000630_9aogly","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,620 donation spike on 2022-06-02 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-02 this committee recorded $113,620 across 63 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,907.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633859","date":"2022-06-02","amount":113620,"count":63,"baseline":17907,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633859/"]},{"id":"P15_D000630_nz4nsh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,950 donation spike on 2021-03-05 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-05 this committee recorded $106,950 across 34 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,566.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633859","date":"2021-03-05","amount":106950,"count":34,"baseline":17566,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633859/"]},{"id":"P15_D000630_6el31y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$86,639 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $86,639 across 140 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,961.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633859","date":"2019-09-30","amount":86639,"count":140,"baseline":13961,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633859/"]},{"id":"P15_D000630_nz2qrg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,411 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $81,411 across 68 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,465.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633859","date":"2021-06-30","amount":81411,"count":68,"baseline":13465,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633859/"]},{"id":"P15_D000630_wdn0zn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,160 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $73,160 across 175 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,197.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633859","date":"2020-06-30","amount":73160,"count":175,"baseline":10197,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633859/"]},{"id":"P15_D000630_9ap3kg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,025 donation spike on 2022-05-18 — 12.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-05-18 this committee recorded $73,025 across 30 contributions — 12.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,651.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633859","date":"2022-05-18","amount":73025,"count":30,"baseline":5651,"ratio":12.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633859/"]}],"V000128":[{"id":"P14_V000128_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10819 employees of N/A gave $2,012,308 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 10819× N/A = $2,012,308. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":10819,"total":2012308,"years":["2010","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2025","2029"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_V000128_6le58s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$195,700 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $195,700 across 186 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,828.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573758","date":"2015-06-30","amount":195700,"count":186,"baseline":25828,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573758/"]},{"id":"P15_V000128_6lg27d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$186,165 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $186,165 across 215 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,328.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573758","date":"2015-09-30","amount":186165,"count":215,"baseline":20328,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573758/"]},{"id":"P15_V000128_6lc89c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,200 donation spike on 2015-03-20 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-20 this committee recorded $148,200 across 54 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,894.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573758","date":"2015-03-20","amount":148200,"count":54,"baseline":22894,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573758/"]},{"id":"P15_V000128_zfhuwm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,071 donation spike on 2025-12-14 — 21.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-14 this committee recorded $96,071 across 39 contributions — 21.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,469.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573758","date":"2025-12-14","amount":96071,"count":39,"baseline":4469,"ratio":21.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573758/"]},{"id":"P15_V000128_na3a0f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,550 donation spike on 2021-12-02 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-02 this committee recorded $80,550 across 52 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,285.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573758","date":"2021-12-02","amount":80550,"count":52,"baseline":13285,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573758/"]},{"id":"P15_V000128_6lg25r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,375 donation spike on 2015-09-14 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-14 this committee recorded $70,375 across 87 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,359.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573758","date":"2015-09-14","amount":70375,"count":87,"baseline":10359,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573758/"]},{"id":"P15_V000128_6lg26j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,747 donation spike on 2015-09-21 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-21 this committee recorded $69,747 across 81 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,627.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573758","date":"2015-09-21","amount":69747,"count":81,"baseline":10627,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573758/"]},{"id":"P29_V000128_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"VAN HOLLEN, Christopher voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Keith Bass, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Scott Mayer, of Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the National Labor Relations Boa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":652,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2025-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Douglas Weaver, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_V000128","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Chris Van Hollen received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_V000128","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $96,071 on 2025-12-14 (21.5× normal)","explanation":"Chris Van Hollen's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $96,071 on 2025-12-14 — 21.5× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":96071,"maxRatio":21.5,"maxAmount":96071},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-12-14","amount":96071,"ratio":21.5,"baselineDaily":4469,"count":39,"cmteId":"C00573758","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573758&min_date=2025-12-14&max_date=2025-12-14"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573758/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573758&min_date=2025-12-14&max_date=2025-12-14"]},{"id":"P109_V000128","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Van Hollen named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($2.3M total receipts) — top: VAN HOLLEN VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Chris Van Hollen appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $2.3M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: VAN HOLLEN VICTORY FUND (C00487207, $2.3M receipts, treasurer JENNIFER LEWIS SMITH). Active years: 9, first seen 2010.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":2.26,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00487207","name":"VAN HOLLEN VICTORY FUND","receipts":2258692.6799999997,"treasurer":"JENNIFER LEWIS SMITH","activeYears":9,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487207/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00487207/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00487207/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P148_V000128","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chris Van Hollen's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Chris Van Hollen's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_V000128","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chris Van Hollen ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 6,760 cosponsored, 573 sponsored","explanation":"Chris Van Hollen's congress.gov record shows 6,760 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":6760,"sponsoredCount":573,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/chris-van-hollen/V000128","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P182_V000128_TeachingGeographyisF","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chris Van Hollen sponsored \"Teaching Geography is Fundamental Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Chris Van Hollen has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Teaching Geography is Fundamental Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_V000128_InnovativeTechnologi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chris Van Hollen sponsored \"Innovative Technologies Investment Incentive Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Chris Van Hollen has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Innovative Technologies Investment Incentive Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000588":[{"id":"P14_L000588_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5368 employees of N/A gave $1,962,702 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5368× N/A = $1,962,702; 6484× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,468,357. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":5368,"total":1962702,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":6484,"total":1468357,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_L000588_ryyopj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$248,120 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $248,120 across 189 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $33,168.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00657411","date":"2021-09-30","amount":248120,"count":189,"baseline":33168,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657411/"]},{"id":"P15_L000588_rywrqy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$128,188 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $128,188 across 97 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,964.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00657411","date":"2021-06-30","amount":128188,"count":97,"baseline":19964,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657411/"]},{"id":"P15_L000588_rywrpf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,400 donation spike on 2021-06-17 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-17 this committee recorded $73,400 across 37 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,279.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00657411","date":"2021-06-17","amount":73400,"count":37,"baseline":9279,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657411/"]},{"id":"P15_L000588_ryuuqt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,450 donation spike on 2021-03-16 — 15× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-16 this committee recorded $59,450 across 26 contributions — 15× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,967.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00657411","date":"2021-03-16","amount":59450,"count":26,"baseline":3967,"ratio":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657411/"]},{"id":"P15_L000588_daihix","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,822 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $54,822 across 77 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,382.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00657411","date":"2020-06-30","amount":54822,"count":77,"baseline":6382,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00657411/"]}],"Z000017":[{"id":"P14_Z000017_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8731 employees of RETIRED gave $1,898,430 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8731× RETIRED = $1,898,430. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":8731,"total":1898430,"years":["2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_Z000017_1ug0mm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,930 donation spike on 2023-04-14 — 28.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-04-14 this committee recorded $103,930 across 39 contributions — 28.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,661.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00552547","date":"2023-04-14","amount":103930,"count":39,"baseline":3661,"ratio":28.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552547/"]},{"id":"P15_Z000017_suehxi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,238 donation spike on 2020-06-22 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-22 this committee recorded $73,238 across 55 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,393.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00552547","date":"2020-06-22","amount":73238,"count":55,"baseline":11393,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00552547/"]}],"W000520":[{"id":"P14_W000520_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8355 employees of RETIRED gave $1,879,810 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8355× RETIRED = $1,879,810. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":8355,"total":1879810,"years":["2019","2020"]}],"citations":[]}],"A000121":[{"id":"P14_A000121_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"2121 employees of NONE gave $1,871,242 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 2121× NONE = $1,871,242. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":2121,"total":1871242,"years":["2011","2012"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_A000121_b4xshz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$252,500 donation spike on 2012-03-31 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-31 this committee recorded $252,500 across 171 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,101.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492462","date":"2012-03-31","amount":252500,"count":171,"baseline":28101,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492462/"]},{"id":"P15_A000121_3jghrm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$238,556 donation spike on 2011-03-17 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-17 this committee recorded $238,556 across 233 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,433.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492462","date":"2011-03-17","amount":238556,"count":233,"baseline":26433,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492462/"]},{"id":"P15_A000121_3jcnsx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$184,402 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 12.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $184,402 across 132 contributions — 12.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,821.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492462","date":"2011-09-30","amount":184402,"count":132,"baseline":14821,"ratio":12.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492462/"]},{"id":"P15_A000121_b4z2g6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$181,349 donation spike on 2012-05-21 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-21 this committee recorded $181,349 across 168 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,536.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492462","date":"2012-05-21","amount":181349,"count":168,"baseline":18536,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492462/"]},{"id":"P15_A000121_b51mdm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$169,270 donation spike on 2012-09-18 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-18 this committee recorded $169,270 across 146 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,243.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492462","date":"2012-09-18","amount":169270,"count":146,"baseline":22243,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492462/"]},{"id":"P15_A000121_3jekri","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,900 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $148,900 across 126 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $24,644.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00492462","date":"2011-06-30","amount":148900,"count":126,"baseline":24644,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00492462/"]}],"B001223":[{"id":"P14_B001223_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8571 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,799,585 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 8571× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,799,585. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":8571,"total":1799585,"years":["2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001223_ibbe9d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$312,359 donation spike on 2024-08-23 — 25.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-08-23 this committee recorded $312,359 across 216 contributions — 25.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,218.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00709196","date":"2024-08-23","amount":312359,"count":216,"baseline":12218,"ratio":25.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00709196/"]},{"id":"P15_B001223_ib9hbl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$170,443 donation spike on 2024-05-31 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-31 this committee recorded $170,443 across 172 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $25,711.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00709196","date":"2024-05-31","amount":170443,"count":172,"baseline":25711,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00709196/"]},{"id":"P29_B001223_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOWMAN, Jamaal voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]}],"L000584":[{"id":"P14_L000584_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12286 employees of NONE gave $1,772,027 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 12286× NONE = $1,772,027. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":12286,"total":1772027,"years":["2011","2012","2013","2014","2015","2016","2017","2018"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P71_L000584","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$260,000 in outside earned income — top source: Employer Southfield, Michigan ($$130,000.00)","explanation":"Mia B. Love's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2024) reports $260,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Employer Southfield, Michigan ($130,000.00, Salary); Employer Southfield, Michigan ($130,000.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2024","totalIncome":260000,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Employer Southfield, Michigan","amount":"$130,000.00","amountNumeric":130000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Employer Southfield, Michigan","amount":"$130,000.00","amountNumeric":130000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/95cc5b78-ac8f-4b0e-add9-39cd490d3869/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P147_L000584_2024","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mia B. Love's 2024 PFD reports earned income $260K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Employer Southfield, Michigan)","explanation":"Mia B. Love's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $260,000 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from Employer Southfield, Michigan ($130,000.00) · Self: Salary from Employer Southfield, Michigan ($130,000.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2024","earnedIncome":260000,"earnedIncomeK":260,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Employer Southfield, Michigan","amount":"$130,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Employer Southfield, Michigan","amount":"$130,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/95cc5b78-ac8f-4b0e-add9-39cd490d3869/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/95cc5b78-ac8f-4b0e-add9-39cd490d3869/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P173_L000584_2024","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mia B. Love's 2024 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Mia B. Love's 2024 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2024","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/95cc5b78-ac8f-4b0e-add9-39cd490d3869/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/95cc5b78-ac8f-4b0e-add9-39cd490d3869/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]}],"H000692":[{"id":"P14_H000692_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9472 employees of RETIRED gave $1,743,676 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9472× RETIRED = $1,743,676. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":9472,"total":1743676,"years":["2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H000692_5693j3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$232,300 donation spike on 2024-03-31 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-31 this committee recorded $232,300 across 122 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,859.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00869016","date":"2024-03-31","amount":232300,"count":122,"baseline":20859,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00869016/"]},{"id":"P15_H000692_56b0hn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$141,306 donation spike on 2024-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-06-30 this committee recorded $141,306 across 193 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,618.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00869016","date":"2024-06-30","amount":141306,"count":193,"baseline":19618,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00869016/"]},{"id":"P15_H000692_5693ic","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,880 donation spike on 2024-03-25 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-25 this committee recorded $84,880 across 30 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,384.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00869016","date":"2024-03-25","amount":84880,"count":30,"baseline":8384,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00869016/"]},{"id":"P15_H000692_5693ie","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,250 donation spike on 2024-03-27 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-27 this committee recorded $68,250 across 22 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,305.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00869016","date":"2024-03-27","amount":68250,"count":22,"baseline":11305,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00869016/"]},{"id":"P200_H000692","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lawrence J. 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Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000692","https://www.congress.gov/member/lawrence-j-hogan/H000692"]}],"S001004":[{"id":"P14_S001004_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13976 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,734,132 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 13976× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,734,132. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":13976,"total":1734132,"years":["2015","2016"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_S001004_cgq7vi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$142,362 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $142,362 across 132 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,514.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573212","date":"2015-09-30","amount":142362,"count":132,"baseline":13514,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573212/"]},{"id":"P15_S001004_27k8ds","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$108,985 donation spike on 2016-03-15 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-15 this committee recorded $108,985 across 81 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,889.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573212","date":"2016-03-15","amount":108985,"count":81,"baseline":15889,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573212/"]},{"id":"P15_S001004_cgaw6t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$96,848 donation spike on 2015-12-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-12-31 this committee recorded $96,848 across 208 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,161.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573212","date":"2015-12-31","amount":96848,"count":208,"baseline":12161,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573212/"]},{"id":"P29_S001004_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"STRICKLAND, Ted voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1192,"date":"2006-12-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Members of the House s"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007"}],"citations":[]}],"W000823":[{"id":"P14_W000823_jisx1r","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9788 employees of NONE gave $1,655,916 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9788× NONE = $1,655,916. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NONE","count":9788,"total":1655916,"years":["2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_W000823_91ns4i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,200 donation spike on 2020-03-23 — 16.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-23 this committee recorded $103,200 across 44 contributions — 16.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,385.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00666396","date":"2020-03-23","amount":103200,"count":44,"baseline":6385,"ratio":16.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666396/"]},{"id":"P15_W000823_8ivsjq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,922 donation spike on 2018-09-28 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-28 this committee recorded $85,922 across 43 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,255.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00666396","date":"2018-09-28","amount":85922,"count":43,"baseline":9255,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666396/"]},{"id":"P15_W000823_8ivskd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,855 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $82,855 across 57 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,959.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00666396","date":"2018-09-30","amount":82855,"count":57,"baseline":11959,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666396/"]},{"id":"P15_W000823_915whr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,143 donation spike on 2020-10-22 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-10-22 this committee recorded $61,143 across 82 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,679.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00666396","date":"2020-10-22","amount":61143,"count":82,"baseline":8679,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666396/"]},{"id":"P15_W000823_n768v9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,600 donation spike on 2019-03-31 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-31 this committee recorded $52,600 across 34 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,293.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00666396","date":"2019-03-31","amount":52600,"count":34,"baseline":7293,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00666396/"]}],"O000107":[{"id":"P14_O000107_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4211 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,632,753 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4211× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,632,753. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4211,"total":1632753,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_O000107_6ugp63","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,619 donation spike on 2019-05-14 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-05-14 this committee recorded $95,619 across 54 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,745.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652297","date":"2019-05-14","amount":95619,"count":54,"baseline":10745,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652297/"]},{"id":"P15_O000107_6uim3r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,466 donation spike on 2019-08-02 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-08-02 this committee recorded $85,466 across 80 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,735.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652297","date":"2019-08-02","amount":85466,"count":80,"baseline":8735,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652297/"]},{"id":"P15_O000107_pebeso","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,586 donation spike on 2020-08-30 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-30 this committee recorded $84,586 across 275 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,042.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652297","date":"2020-08-30","amount":84586,"count":275,"baseline":10042,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652297/"]},{"id":"P15_O000107_7twy0t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,492 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $79,492 across 104 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,256.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00652297","date":"2018-06-30","amount":79492,"count":104,"baseline":12256,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00652297/"]},{"id":"P29_O000107_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ORTIZ, Solomon P. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1646,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Students from Sexual and Violent Predators Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1644,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"FDA Food Safety Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1641,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Defense Level Playing Field Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1626,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_O000107","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Solomon P. Ortiz draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.9M PAC / $13.9M total)","explanation":"Solomon P. Ortiz's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.9M of $13.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.91,"pacSharePct":35.2,"cycleCount":31,"fecId":"H2TX27026"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX27026/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001308":[{"id":"P14_B001308_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7799 employees of N/A gave $1,553,994 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7799× N/A = $1,553,994. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":7799,"total":1553994,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_B001308_6cdgyc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,450 donation spike on 2017-08-17 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-08-17 this committee recorded $54,450 across 58 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,890.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648725","date":"2017-08-17","amount":54450,"count":58,"baseline":3890,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648725/"]},{"id":"P15_B001308_98i4db","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,828 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $51,828 across 94 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,812.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648725","date":"2020-03-31","amount":51828,"count":94,"baseline":4812,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648725/"]}],"H001075":[{"id":"P14_H001075_5e0u95","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7380 employees of SELF-EMPLOYED gave $1,530,473 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7380× SELF-EMPLOYED = $1,530,473; 18092× NOT-EMPLOYED = $1,462,354. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"SELF-EMPLOYED","count":7380,"total":1530473,"years":["2012","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019"]},{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT-EMPLOYED","count":18092,"total":1462354,"years":["2012","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001075_on755a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$209,346 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $209,346 across 211 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $31,498.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00571919","date":"2015-09-30","amount":209346,"count":211,"baseline":31498,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571919/"]},{"id":"P15_H001075_on923v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$133,973 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $133,973 across 146 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,335.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00571919","date":"2015-06-30","amount":133973,"count":146,"baseline":19335,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571919/"]},{"id":"P15_H001075_1tzagl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,046 donation spike on 2020-12-31 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-12-31 this committee recorded $95,046 across 46 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,061.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00571919","date":"2020-12-31","amount":95046,"count":46,"baseline":9061,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571919/"]},{"id":"P15_H001075_y29irr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,061 donation spike on 2019-02-07 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-02-07 this committee recorded $91,061 across 316 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,562.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00571919","date":"2019-02-07","amount":91061,"count":316,"baseline":5562,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571919/"]},{"id":"P15_H001075_on7s4s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,756 donation spike on 2015-08-31 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-08-31 this committee recorded $76,756 across 65 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,924.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00571919","date":"2015-08-31","amount":76756,"count":65,"baseline":6924,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571919/"]},{"id":"P15_H001075_9yxyuc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,259 donation spike on 2016-01-20 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-01-20 this committee recorded $57,259 across 64 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,113.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00571919","date":"2016-01-20","amount":57259,"count":64,"baseline":9113,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571919/"]}],"H001087":[{"id":"P14_H001087_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5434 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,523,493 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 5434× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,523,493. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":5434,"total":1523493,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001087_r6csr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,694 donation spike on 2019-10-31 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-10-31 this committee recorded $113,694 across 61 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,934.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2019-10-31","amount":113694,"count":61,"baseline":6934,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]},{"id":"P15_H001087_qsb34","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$111,555 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 12.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $111,555 across 169 contributions — 12.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,070.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2019-09-30","amount":111555,"count":169,"baseline":9070,"ratio":12.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]},{"id":"P15_H001087_dxnw3i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,232 donation spike on 2018-06-30 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-30 this committee recorded $103,232 across 177 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,102.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2018-06-30","amount":103232,"count":177,"baseline":15102,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]},{"id":"P15_H001087_qoh5c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$90,487 donation spike on 2019-03-29 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-29 this committee recorded $90,487 across 54 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,702.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2019-03-29","amount":90487,"count":54,"baseline":7702,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]},{"id":"P15_H001087_qoh5z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,141 donation spike on 2019-03-31 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-31 this committee recorded $66,141 across 59 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,833.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2019-03-31","amount":66141,"count":59,"baseline":10833,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]},{"id":"P15_H001087_dxnw46","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,725 donation spike on 2018-06-27 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-27 this committee recorded $65,725 across 81 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,596.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2018-06-27","amount":65725,"count":81,"baseline":10596,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]},{"id":"P15_H001087_r6zpt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,750 donation spike on 2019-11-05 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-11-05 this committee recorded $64,750 across 59 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,494.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2019-11-05","amount":64750,"count":59,"baseline":9494,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]},{"id":"P15_H001087_qqe4j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,983 donation spike on 2019-06-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-30 this committee recorded $63,983 across 122 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,908.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2019-06-30","amount":63983,"count":122,"baseline":8908,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]},{"id":"P15_H001087_r6cs3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,825 donation spike on 2019-10-28 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-10-28 this committee recorded $51,825 across 42 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,237.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00634212","date":"2019-10-28","amount":51825,"count":42,"baseline":8237,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00634212/"]}],"H001078":[{"id":"P14_H001078_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7205 employees of RETIRED gave $1,511,497 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 7205× RETIRED = $1,511,497. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":7205,"total":1511497,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_H001078_5zyvf1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$111,995 donation spike on 2014-05-27 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-05-27 this committee recorded $111,995 across 59 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,338.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545657","date":"2014-05-27","amount":111995,"count":59,"baseline":9338,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545657/"]},{"id":"P15_H001078_8ocuu8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,728 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $60,728 across 50 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,729.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545657","date":"2013-09-30","amount":60728,"count":50,"baseline":5729,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545657/"]},{"id":"P15_H001078_efirp1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$160,215 donation spike on 2017-04-19 — 12.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-04-19 this committee recorded $160,215 across 247 contributions — 12.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,161.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633362","date":"2017-04-19","amount":160215,"count":247,"baseline":13161,"ratio":12.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633362/"]},{"id":"P15_H001078_efiroe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$122,300 donation spike on 2017-04-21 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-04-21 this committee recorded $122,300 across 185 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,702.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633362","date":"2017-04-21","amount":122300,"count":185,"baseline":19702,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633362/"]},{"id":"P15_H001078_efirof","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,206 donation spike on 2017-04-20 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-04-20 this committee recorded $103,206 across 207 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,209.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633362","date":"2017-04-20","amount":103206,"count":207,"baseline":16209,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633362/"]},{"id":"P15_H001078_ex95sc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,800 donation spike on 2019-03-28 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-28 this committee recorded $76,800 across 29 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,615.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00633362","date":"2019-03-28","amount":76800,"count":29,"baseline":11615,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00633362/"]}],"P000616":[{"id":"P14_P000616_qv6gqf","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4111 employees of N/A gave $1,469,338 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4111× N/A = $1,469,338. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"N/A","count":4111,"total":1469338,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_P000616_cs104p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$152,350 donation spike on 2023-12-29 — 23.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-29 this committee recorded $152,350 across 54 contributions — 23.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,535.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640714","date":"2023-12-29","amount":152350,"count":54,"baseline":6535,"ratio":23.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640714/"]},{"id":"P15_P000616_h3gf1x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,350 donation spike on 2017-06-27 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-27 this committee recorded $73,350 across 44 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,409.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640714","date":"2017-06-27","amount":73350,"count":44,"baseline":9409,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640714/"]},{"id":"P15_P000616_okt5hw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,730 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 13.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $59,730 across 81 contributions — 13.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,314.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640714","date":"2019-09-30","amount":59730,"count":81,"baseline":4314,"ratio":13.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640714/"]},{"id":"P15_P000616_okdtu1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,025 donation spike on 2019-12-22 — 15.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-22 this committee recorded $54,025 across 32 contributions — 15.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,461.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640714","date":"2019-12-22","amount":54025,"count":32,"baseline":3461,"ratio":15.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640714/"]},{"id":"P15_P000616_svt8rq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,819 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $52,819 across 49 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,517.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00640714","date":"2021-06-30","amount":52819,"count":49,"baseline":4517,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00640714/"]},{"id":"P17_P000616_CB_2020-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-31 and 2020-04-02, 3 members took the same direction on CB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","date":"2020-03-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001204","name":"Daniel Meuser"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2020-03-31 to 2020-04-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_ABT_2020-02-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-28 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2020-02-28","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-02-28 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_ABT_2020-03-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-26 and 2020-04-02, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on ABT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","date":"2020-03-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001114","name":"John Curtis"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2020-03-26 to 2020-04-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_USB_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold USB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-09, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on USB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2020-04-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"USB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000593","name":"Ed Perlmutter"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_LIN_2019-06-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-06-20 and 2019-06-24, 3 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2019-06-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001190","name":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"S001206","name":"Donna E. Shalala"}],"span":"2019-06-20 to 2019-06-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_PPG_2019-03-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PPG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-13 and 2019-03-15, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on PPG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","date":"2019-03-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PPG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000399","name":"Lloyd Doggett"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-03-13 to 2019-03-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_DHR_2019-02-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-02-28 and 2019-03-06, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-02-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-02-28 to 2019-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_DHR_2019-03-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-01 and 2019-03-06, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-03-01","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-03-01 to 2019-03-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_DHR_2019-03-06","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold DHR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-06 and 2019-03-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on DHR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","date":"2019-03-06","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DHR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"}],"span":"2019-03-06 to 2019-03-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_QCOM_2019-01-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-01-28 and 2019-02-04, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2019-01-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"R000122","name":"John F. “Jack” Reed"}],"span":"2019-01-28 to 2019-02-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_CB_2019-03-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-03-26 and 2019-03-27, 3 members took the same direction on CB. 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Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2020-03-16","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-03-16 to 2020-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_EMR_2020-03-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-17 and 2020-03-20, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2020-03-17","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-03-17 to 2020-03-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_AFL_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AFL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-07, 3 members took the same direction on AFL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AFL","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AFL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_STT_2019-08-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought STT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-07 and 2019-08-13, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on STT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"STT","date":"2019-08-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"STT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2019-08-07 to 2019-08-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_CERN_2020-02-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CERN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-20 and 2020-02-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CERN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","date":"2020-02-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CERN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001207","name":"Mikie Sherrill"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"}],"span":"2020-02-20 to 2020-02-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_CERN_2020-02-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CERN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-26 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CERN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","date":"2020-02-26","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CERN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-02-26 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_CERN_2020-02-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CERN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-27 and 2020-03-03, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CERN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","date":"2020-02-27","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CERN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000378","name":"Cynthia Axne"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-02-27 to 2020-03-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_EMR_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold EMR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-07, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on EMR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EMR","date":"2020-04-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"EMR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"C001101","name":"Katherine Clark"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_PGR_2020-05-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought PGR within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-13 and 2020-05-20, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on PGR. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PGR","date":"2020-05-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PGR","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2020-05-13 to 2020-05-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_BKNG_2019-06-03","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-06-03 and 2019-06-07, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2019-06-03","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2019-06-03 to 2019-06-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_BKNG_2020-03-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-02 and 2020-03-09, 3 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2020-03-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-03-02 to 2020-03-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_BKNG_2020-03-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought BKNG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-05 and 2020-03-12, 4 members took the same direction on BKNG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BKNG","date":"2020-03-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BKNG","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"}],"span":"2020-03-05 to 2020-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_HON_2020-02-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold HON within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-02-05 and 2020-02-11, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on HON. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2020-02-05","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"HON","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-02-05 to 2020-02-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000616_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"63 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dean Phillips executed 63 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACGL","date":"2021-01-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CFG","date":"2020-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2020-12-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","date":"2020-09-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Reserve Bank Capital Stock","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2020-12-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Establishment of the Tehachapi Mountains Viticultural Area","agency":"Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau","date":"2020-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000616_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"37 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dean Phillips executed 37 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2021-01-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2020-12-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","date":"2020-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"INTC","date":"2020-12-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico; 2021 Red Snappe","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-12-07"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Revisions to Export Enforcement Provisions","agency":"Commerce Department, Industry and Security Bureau","date":"2020-11-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000616_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"10 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dean Phillips executed 10 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DTE","date":"2021-01-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ATO","date":"2020-09-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DTE","date":"2020-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNP","date":"2020-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of Class D and Class E Airspace; Helena, MT","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-12-07"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Special Conditions: Safran Helicopter Engines, S.A., Arrano 1A Turboshaft Engine Model; 30-Minute All Engines Operating ","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-08-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000616_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dean Phillips executed 12 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2021-01-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":13,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-12-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-5,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-05-13","action":"BUY","daysDiff":7,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-04-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":-19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Filing Fee Waiver Requests","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-12-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Filing Fee Waiver Requests","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-12-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000616_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dean Phillips executed 5 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VRTX","date":"2020-12-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-09-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"REGN","date":"2020-05-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Most Favored Nation (MFN) Model","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-11-27"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Most Favored Nation (MFN) Model","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services","date":"2020-11-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000616_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Dean Phillips executed 5 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2020-12-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","date":"2020-08-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2020-08-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TDG","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Repeal of DFARS Clauses Related to Taxes Applied to Foreign Contracts","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2020-11-23"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2020-08; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2020-07-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_P000616_afrkw","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Dean Phillips sits on committees overseeing Finance, Real Estate, Defense and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IBM","date":"2020-04-02","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":21811577.12,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"URI","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":104508.9,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_P000616_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PHILLIPS, Dean voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_P000616","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Dean Phillips sits on committees regulating Finance, Real Estate, Defense and actively trades in Finance, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Real Estate","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":110},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":6}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_P000616","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 distinct pattern types firing across 57 total findings","explanation":"Dean Phillips has findings in 7 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":7,"totalFindings":57,"highSeverityCount":8,"patternsList":["P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000616_GLOBAL_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"LOW","headline":"+17 more P17 matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"P000616 accumulated 42 P17 findings before capping. Officium applies a uniform 25-finding cap per (member × detector type) to prevent any single hyperactive subject from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150) or the platform-wide HIGH-severity total. The top 25 findings (HIGH-first, then MEDIUM, then LOW) are surfaced individually above; the remaining 17 are summarized here. Severity distribution of suppressed findings: 0 HIGH · 17 MEDIUM · 0 LOW. To investigate the full set, see the member's profile page or filter Findings by member name.","evidence":[{"source":"global_overcap_summary","detectorType":"P17","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":17,"totalRaw":42,"suppressedSeverityDist":{"HIGH":0,"MEDIUM":17,"LOW":0}}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000616"]},{"id":"P40_P000616_LIN_20190201","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in LIN 28 days before FTC action","explanation":"Dean Phillips traded LIN within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2019-02-01","title":"FTC Issues Modified Final Order Imposing Conditions on Merger of International Industrial Gas Suppliers Praxair, Inc. and Linde AG","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/02/ftc-issues-modified-final-order-imposing-conditions-merger-international-industrial-gas-suppliers"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-01-04","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/02/ftc-issues-modified-final-order-imposing-conditions-merger-international-industrial-gas-suppliers"]},{"id":"P37_P000616_TSLA_20201218","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of TSLA in 2020-Q4 while TESLA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Dean Phillips executed a buy in TSLA during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TESLA, TESLA INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-18","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["TESLA","TESLA INC","TESLA, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_IBM_20200402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $IBM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $IBM 1 day after a corporate insider (HOWARD MICHELLE J  (CIK 0001769389)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IBM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IBM","filer":"HOWARD MICHELLE J  (CIK 0001769389)","filingDate":"2020-04-01","adsh":"0001562180-20-002810","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_VMC_20200513","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VMC 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $VMC 1 day after a corporate insider (STEINER DAVID P  (CIK 0001197040)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VMC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VMC","filer":"STEINER DAVID P  (CIK 0001197040)","filingDate":"2020-05-12","adsh":"0001562180-20-003541","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_CMCSA_20200417","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CMCSA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $CMCSA 1 day after a corporate insider (Murdock Daniel C.  (CIK 0001698551)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Murdock Daniel C.  (CIK 0001698551)","filingDate":"2020-04-16","adsh":"0001225208-20-006500","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_CMCSA_20200305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CMCSA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $CMCSA 1 day after a corporate insider (Cavanagh Michael J  (CIK 0001304481)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Cavanagh Michael J  (CIK 0001304481)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001225208-20-004318","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_ETN_20200305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ETN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $ETN 1 day after a corporate insider (MCCOY DEBORAH L  (CIK 0001188592)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ETN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ETN","filer":"MCCOY DEBORAH L  (CIK 0001188592)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001551182-20-000112","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_SJM_20200228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SJM 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $SJM 1 day after a corporate insider (BELGYA MARK R  (CIK 0001251529)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SJM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SJM","filer":"BELGYA MARK R  (CIK 0001251529)","filingDate":"2020-02-27","adsh":"0000091419-20-000013","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_WRK_20200402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WRK 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $WRK 1 day after a corporate insider (Lindner Patrick Edward  (CIK 0001768738)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WRK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WRK","filer":"Lindner Patrick Edward  (CIK 0001768738)","filingDate":"2020-04-01","adsh":"0001732845-20-000098","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_SCHW_20200117","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SCHW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $SCHW 2 days after a corporate insider (Craig Jonathan M.  (CIK 0001733065)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Craig Jonathan M.  (CIK 0001733065)","filingDate":"2020-01-15","adsh":"0001225208-20-000784","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_SCHW_20200109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SCHW 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $SCHW 2 days after a corporate insider (Ruffel Charles A.  (CIK 0001739929)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SCHW","filer":"Ruffel Charles A.  (CIK 0001739929)","filingDate":"2020-01-07","adsh":"0001225208-20-000582","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_PPG_20200305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PPG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $PPG 2 days after a corporate insider (Foulkes Anne M.  (CIK 0001748676)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PPG","filer":"Foulkes Anne M.  (CIK 0001748676)","filingDate":"2020-03-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-015135","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_F_20200402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $F 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $F 2 days after a corporate insider (Butterfield Shelby J  (CIK 0001808121)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"Butterfield Shelby J  (CIK 0001808121)","filingDate":"2020-03-31","adsh":"0001437749-20-006701","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_PFG_20200402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PFG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $PFG 2 days after a corporate insider (Nordin Diane C  (CIK 0001369224)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFG","filer":"Nordin Diane C  (CIK 0001369224)","filingDate":"2020-03-31","adsh":"0001126328-20-000104","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_DTE_20200228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $DTE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $DTE 2 days after a corporate insider (Oleksiak Peter B  (CIK 0001345283)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DTE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DTE","filer":"Oleksiak Peter B  (CIK 0001345283)","filingDate":"2020-02-26","adsh":"0000936340-20-000135","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_CTXS_20200402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CTXS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $CTXS 2 days after a corporate insider (HOUGH PAUL J.  (CIK 0001717929)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTXS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTXS","filer":"HOUGH PAUL J.  (CIK 0001717929)","filingDate":"2020-03-31","adsh":"0000877890-20-000107","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_KSS_20200402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KSS 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $KSS 2 days after a corporate insider (Chini Marc A.  (CIK 0001758276)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KSS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KSS","filer":"Chini Marc A.  (CIK 0001758276)","filingDate":"2020-03-31","adsh":"0001127602-20-012272","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_DG_20200109","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $DG 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $DG 3 days after a corporate insider (GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DG","filer":"GERSHOWITZ DIANE M  (CIK 0000917705)","filingDate":"2020-01-06","adsh":"0001567619-20-000641","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_ACN_20210108","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ACN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $ACN 3 days after a corporate insider (ROWLAND DAVID  (CIK 0001580655)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ACN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ACN","filer":"ROWLAND DAVID  (CIK 0001580655)","filingDate":"2021-01-05","adsh":"0001467373-21-000007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_F_20200228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $F 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $F 3 days after a corporate insider (PERELMAN RONALD O  (CIK 0001186472)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"F","filer":"PERELMAN RONALD O  (CIK 0001186472)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0001140361-20-004007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_MU_20201030","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MU 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $MU 3 days after a corporate insider (BHATIA MANISH H  (CIK 0001689498)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-30"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MU","filer":"BHATIA MANISH H  (CIK 0001689498)","filingDate":"2020-10-27","adsh":"0001062993-20-005207","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_CB_20200210","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $CB 3 days after a corporate insider (KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CB","filer":"KEMPER DAVID W  (CIK 0000924750)","filingDate":"2020-02-07","adsh":"0001127602-20-004324","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_NTRS_20200228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NTRS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $NTRS 3 days after a corporate insider (Allnutt Lauren E  (CIK 0001775330)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTRS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTRS","filer":"Allnutt Lauren E  (CIK 0001775330)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0000073124-20-000090","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_PWR_20200402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $PWR 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $PWR 3 days after a corporate insider (LEMON JERRY K  (CIK 0001265127)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PWR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PWR","filer":"LEMON JERRY K  (CIK 0001265127)","filingDate":"2020-03-30","adsh":"0001050915-20-000067","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_GM_20200402","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $GM 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $GM 3 days after a corporate insider (UAW Chrysler Retireees Medical Benefits Plan  (CIK 0001795057)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GM","filer":"UAW Chrysler Retireees Medical Benefits Plan  (CIK 0001795057)","filingDate":"2020-03-30","adsh":"0001104659-20-040014","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_CNP_20200228","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CNP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $CNP 3 days after a corporate insider (ORTENSTONE SUSAN B  (CIK 0001268627)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CNP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CNP","filer":"ORTENSTONE SUSAN B  (CIK 0001268627)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0001209191-20-012623","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_ED_20201218","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $ED 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $ED 3 days after a corporate insider (BOWMAN ED H JR  (CIK 0001018421)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ED","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-12-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ED","filer":"BOWMAN ED H JR  (CIK 0001018421)","filingDate":"2020-12-15","adsh":"0001209191-20-063483","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000616_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+16 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Dean Phillips accumulated 41 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 16 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":16,"totalRaw":41}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_CRM_20200923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CRM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $CRM 1 day before a corporate insider (Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CRM","filer":"Allanson Joe  (CIK 0001603027)","filingDate":"2020-09-24","adsh":"0001127602-20-025708"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_TFC_20200513","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $TFC 1 day before a corporate insider (QUBEIN NIDO R  (CIK 0001195214)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TFC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TFC","filer":"QUBEIN NIDO R  (CIK 0001195214)","filingDate":"2020-05-14","adsh":"0001225208-20-007650"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_GOOG_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GOOG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $GOOG 1 day before a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023000"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_ABT_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ABT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $ABT 1 day before a corporate insider (Scoggins Christopher J  (CIK 0001772286)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABT","filer":"Scoggins Christopher J  (CIK 0001772286)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001179110-20-004686"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_UNH_20200210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $UNH 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $UNH 1 day before a corporate insider (McMahon Dirk C  (CIK 0001781821)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"UNH","filer":"McMahon Dirk C  (CIK 0001781821)","filingDate":"2020-02-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-008359"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_WFC_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WFC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $WFC 1 day before a corporate insider (Hewett Wayne M.  (CIK 0001500124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Hewett Wayne M.  (CIK 0001500124)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-012960"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_NEM_20200513","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NEM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $NEM 1 day before a corporate insider (Cmil Jennifer  (CIK 0001789106)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEM","filer":"Cmil Jennifer  (CIK 0001789106)","filingDate":"2020-05-14","adsh":"0001164727-20-000145"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_PNC_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PNC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $PNC 1 day before a corporate insider (HESSE DANIEL  (CIK 0001234998)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PNC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PNC","filer":"HESSE DANIEL  (CIK 0001234998)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023306"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_CAT_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CAT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $CAT 1 day before a corporate insider (CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CAT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CAT","filer":"CAT ROCK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP  (CIK 0001654648)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001654648-20-000006"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_LUV_20200224","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LUV 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $LUV 1 day before a corporate insider (Van de Ven Michael G  (CIK 0001338581)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LUV","filer":"Van de Ven Michael G  (CIK 0001338581)","filingDate":"2020-02-25","adsh":"0000092380-20-000038"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_CLX_20200923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CLX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $CLX 1 day before a corporate insider (Grier Stacey  (CIK 0001764117)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CLX","filer":"Grier Stacey  (CIK 0001764117)","filingDate":"2020-09-24","adsh":"0001225208-20-011796"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_SPG_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SPG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $SPG 1 day before a corporate insider (Simon Eli  (CIK 0001803666)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPG","filer":"Simon Eli  (CIK 0001803666)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001179110-20-004593"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_VTR_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VTR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $VTR 1 day before a corporate insider (Martino Roxanne M  (CIK 0001676558)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VTR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VTR","filer":"Martino Roxanne M  (CIK 0001676558)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0000740260-20-000077"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_HWM_20200810","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $HWM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $HWM 1 day before a corporate insider (PLANT JOHN C  (CIK 0001136562)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HWM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-08-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HWM","filer":"PLANT JOHN C  (CIK 0001136562)","filingDate":"2020-08-11","adsh":"0000004281-20-000167"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_MTB_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $MTB 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $MTB 1 day before a corporate insider (SALAMONE DENIS J  (CIK 0001206752)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MTB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MTB","filer":"SALAMONE DENIS J  (CIK 0001206752)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023416"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_AIG_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AIG 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $AIG 1 day before a corporate insider (Porrino Peter R  (CIK 0001528881)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AIG","filer":"Porrino Peter R  (CIK 0001528881)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001225208-20-006046"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_VIAC_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VIAC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $VIAC 1 day before a corporate insider (Beinecke Candace K  (CIK 0001413999)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIAC","filer":"Beinecke Candace K  (CIK 0001413999)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001225208-20-006027"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_CTXS_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CTXS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $CTXS 1 day before a corporate insider (Gomes Antonio G.  (CIK 0001690127)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CTXS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CTXS","filer":"Gomes Antonio G.  (CIK 0001690127)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0000877890-20-000123"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_CERN_20200210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CERN 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $CERN 1 day before a corporate insider (Trigg Donald  (CIK 0001765668)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CERN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CERN","filer":"Trigg Donald  (CIK 0001765668)","filingDate":"2020-02-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-008426"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_VAR_20210415","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $VAR 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $VAR 1 day before a corporate insider (WILSON DOW R  (CIK 0001313996)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VAR","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-15"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VAR","filer":"WILSON DOW R  (CIK 0001313996)","filingDate":"2021-04-16","adsh":"0001127602-21-013922"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_KSS_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $KSS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $KSS 1 day before a corporate insider (BURD STEVEN A  (CIK 0001209830)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KSS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KSS","filer":"BURD STEVEN A  (CIK 0001209830)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013249"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_TEL_20200210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $TEL 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $TEL 2 days before a corporate insider (Phelan Daniel J  (CIK 0001402861)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TEL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TEL","filer":"Phelan Daniel J  (CIK 0001402861)","filingDate":"2020-02-12","adsh":"0001225208-20-001964"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_MAS_20200210","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MAS 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips sell $MAS 2 days before a corporate insider (MAS MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001698658)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MAS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MAS","filer":"MAS MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001698658)","filingDate":"2020-02-12","adsh":"0001567619-20-002989"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_DLTR_20200901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $DLTR 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $DLTR 2 days before a corporate insider (McNeely Richard L  (CIK 0001797424)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DLTR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"DLTR","filer":"McNeely Richard L  (CIK 0001797424)","filingDate":"2020-09-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-024687"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_AIG_20200513","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AIG 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Dean Phillips buy $AIG 2 days before a corporate insider (Lynch Christopher S.  (CIK 0001452627)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AIG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AIG","filer":"Lynch Christopher S.  (CIK 0001452627)","filingDate":"2020-05-15","adsh":"0001225208-20-007823"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000616_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+68 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Dean Phillips accumulated 93 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 68 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":68,"totalRaw":93}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P49_P000616_2020-01-13_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $WFC 2 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Dean Phillips delivered a 399-word floor speech on 2020-01-13 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Cali- fornia for yielding and for her leader- ship of the House Financial Services Committee and my friend and col- league from Ohio (Mr. GONZALEZ) for his…\"). The member sell $WFC (a Finance-sector stock) 2 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2020-01-13","chamber":"House","wordCount":399,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman from Cali- fornia for yielding and for her leader- ship of the House Financial Services Committee and my friend and col- league from Ohio (Mr. GONZALEZ) for his ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/13/CREC-2020-01-13-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-10"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-28"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SCHW","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-01-17"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/01/13/CREC-2020-01-13-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_P000616_2019-06-04_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $UNH 3 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Dean Phillips delivered a 171-word floor speech on 2019-06-04 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleague for yielding. Mr. Speaker, this bill is long overdue in the U.S. and in my State of Min- nesota. In Minnesota we are home to a thriv- ing community of Liberian refuge…\"). The member buy $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 3 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-06-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":171,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleague for yielding. Mr. Speaker, this bill is long overdue in the U.S. and in my State of Min- nesota. In Minnesota we are home to a thriv- ing community of Liberian refuge","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/06/04/165/93/CREC-2019-06-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-20"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-06-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-05-13"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/06/04/165/93/CREC-2019-06-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_P000616_2019-05-02_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $SLB 28 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Dean Phillips delivered a 157-word floor speech on 2019-05-02 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I thank Mr. LEVIN for yielding. Mr. Chair, I rise in support of Rep- resentative LEVIN’s amendment and H.R. 9, the Climate Action Now Act. I know when you think of Minnesota, the first thin…\"). The member sell $SLB (a Energy-sector stock) 28 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-05-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":157,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I thank Mr. LEVIN for yielding. Mr. Chair, I rise in support of Rep- resentative LEVIN’s amendment and H.R. 9, the Climate Action Now Act. I know when you think of Minnesota, the first thin","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/02/CREC-2019-05-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-04"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/05/02/CREC-2019-05-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_P000616_2019-03-26_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $UNH 9 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Dean Phillips delivered a 268-word floor speech on 2019-03-26 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Madam Speaker, our Nation is the land of promise and the land of opportunity. We open our doors to the tired, to the poor, and to the huddled masses. And, for decades, we have opened our doors to Libe…\"). The member sell $UNH (a Healthcare-sector stock) 9 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-03-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":268,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Madam Speaker, our Nation is the land of promise and the land of opportunity. We open our doors to the tired, to the poor, and to the huddled masses. And, for decades, we have opened our doors to Libe","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/26/165/52/CREC-2019-03-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-04-04"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DHR","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-03-06"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/03/26/165/52/CREC-2019-03-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_P000616_2020-04-01","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"114 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-04-01 — 114 unique tickers","explanation":"Dean Phillips executed 114 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-04-01 to 2020-04-02), spanning 114 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-04-01","windowEnd":"2020-04-02","tradeCount":114,"uniqueTickers":114,"totalDisclosedTrades":840,"sampleTickers":["ARNC","SEE","DAL","CNP","ZION","FITB","GOOG","KMB","USB","VIAC"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_P000616","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 14 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 101 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Dean Phillips appears in 14 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 101 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 14 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: coordinated trade cluster (26); insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); reg rule trade proximity (6); daily donation spike (5).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":14,"totalFindings":101,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","count":5},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":4},{"type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","count":1},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/P000616","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_P000616","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dean Phillips executed 41 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL BKNG (13d apart)","explanation":"Dean Phillips has 41 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL BKNG 2020-01-28 → 2020-02-10 (13d) · SELL→BUY BKNG 2020-02-10 → 2020-02-27 (17d) · BUY→SELL CB 2019-03-27 → 2019-04-04 (8d) · SELL→BUY CB 2019-04-04 → 2019-05-02 (28d) · SELL→BUY CB 2020-04-02 → 2020-04-15 (13d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":41,"samples":[{"ticker":"BKNG","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-01-28","date2":"2020-02-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BKNG","days":17,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-02-10","date2":"2020-02-27","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CB","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-03-27","date2":"2019-04-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CB","days":28,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2019-04-04","date2":"2019-05-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CB","days":13,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-04-02","date2":"2020-04-15","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAL","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-12-18","date2":"2021-01-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BAX","days":29,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2019-08-13","date2":"2019-09-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CMCSA","days":24,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-02-10","date2":"2020-03-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_P000616","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dean Phillips triggers 38 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Dean Phillips accumulates 38 HIGH-severity findings across 16 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":38,"distinctDetectorTypes":16}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_P000616_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dean Phillips — 113 trades on 2020-04-02","explanation":"Dean Phillips disclosed 113 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-04-02). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-04-02","count":113}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_P000616","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dean Phillips — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (840/840)","explanation":"Dean Phillips's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":840,"atBracket":840,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_P000616","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dean Phillips — 260 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Dean Phillips has traded 260 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":260,"sample":["AZN","ALXN","VAR","HON","PCAR","FMS","ACN","BKNG","CB","ACGL"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_P000616_SCHW","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dean Phillips — 16 disclosed trades in single ticker SCHW","explanation":"Dean Phillips traded SCHW on 16 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the SCHW trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"SCHW","count":16}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"J000308":[{"id":"P14_J000308_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9446 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,462,702 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 9446× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,462,702. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":9446,"total":1462702,"years":["2021","2022","2023"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_J000308_foq7et","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$145,744 donation spike on 2022-02-14 — 17.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-14 this committee recorded $145,744 across 76 contributions — 17.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,532.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00767400","date":"2022-02-14","amount":145744,"count":76,"baseline":8532,"ratio":17.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00767400/"]},{"id":"P29_J000308_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JACKSON, Jeff voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]}],"R000459":[{"id":"P14_R000459_sscpny","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3770 employees of RETIRED gave $1,436,263 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 3770× RETIRED = $1,436,263. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"RETIRED","count":3770,"total":1436263,"years":["2014","2015","2016","2017","2018","2019","2020","2021","2022","2023","2024","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_R000459_244qoe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,720 donation spike on 2024-03-27 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-27 this committee recorded $148,720 across 58 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,388.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00870634","date":"2024-03-27","amount":148720,"count":58,"baseline":18388,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00870634/"]},{"id":"P15_R000459_244qol","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,990 donation spike on 2024-03-20 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-20 this committee recorded $92,990 across 39 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,072.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00870634","date":"2024-03-20","amount":92990,"count":39,"baseline":14072,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00870634/"]}],"M001209":[{"id":"P14_M001209_1lkz2p","pattern_type":"P14_EMPLOYER_BUNDLING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4319 employees of NOT EMPLOYED gave $1,434,263 — possible employer-bundled donations","explanation":"Multiple employers show clustered donations to this member's campaign: 4319× NOT EMPLOYED = $1,434,263. Employer-concentrated donations can indicate coordinated bundling.","evidence":[{"source":"employer_cluster","employer":"NOT EMPLOYED","count":4319,"total":1434263,"years":["2017","2018","2019","2020","2025"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P15_M001209_roz5vf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,735 donation spike on 2019-09-23 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-23 this committee recorded $83,735 across 54 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,025.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658633","date":"2019-09-23","amount":83735,"count":54,"baseline":7025,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658633/"]},{"id":"P15_M001209_dzqde2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,075 donation spike on 2017-10-31 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-10-31 this committee recorded $83,075 across 39 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,271.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658633","date":"2017-10-31","amount":83075,"count":39,"baseline":12271,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658633/"]},{"id":"P15_M001209_snneyt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,155 donation spike on 2018-04-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-30 this committee recorded $70,155 across 42 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,490.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658633","date":"2018-04-30","amount":70155,"count":42,"baseline":9490,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658633/"]},{"id":"P15_M001209_snney6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,550 donation spike on 2018-04-28 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-28 this committee recorded $58,550 across 27 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,043.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658633","date":"2018-04-28","amount":58550,"count":27,"baseline":7043,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658633/"]},{"id":"P15_M001209_snqlwg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,075 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $57,075 across 112 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,909.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658633","date":"2018-09-30","amount":57075,"count":112,"baseline":8909,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658633/"]},{"id":"P15_M001209_rp2csw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,100 donation spike on 2019-04-29 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-04-29 this committee recorded $51,100 across 23 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,678.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00658633","date":"2019-04-29","amount":51100,"count":23,"baseline":7678,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00658633/"]}],"B001275":[{"id":"P15_B001275_2nln7q","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$93,900 donation spike on 2013-10-31 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-10-31 this committee recorded $93,900 across 89 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,345.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468256","date":"2013-10-31","amount":93900,"count":89,"baseline":10345,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468256/"]},{"id":"P89_B001275","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Larry Bucshon (left 2025, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — 2 clients across 2 filings","explanation":"Larry Bucshon left Congress in 2025 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $070000.0050000.00 from 2 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: UL LLC D/B/A UL SOLUTIONS, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EMS PHYSICIANS.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2025,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":"070000.0050000.00","clientCount":2,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["UL LLC D/B/A UL SOLUTIONS","NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EMS PHYSICIANS"],"sampleFirms":["HOLLAND & KNIGHT LLP"],"filings":2,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Larry%20Bucshon"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Larry%20Bucshon","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_B001275","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Larry Bucshon draws 62% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.8M PAC / $17.6M total)","explanation":"Larry Bucshon's FEC-bulk record shows 62% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.8M of $17.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.57,"pacSharePct":61.6,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0IN08114"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IN08114/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_B001275","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Larry Bucshon — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Larry Bucshon has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001275","https://www.congress.gov/member/larry-bucshon/B001275"]}],"C001084":[{"id":"P15_C001084_yygdmu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,550 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 16.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $73,550 across 88 contributions — 16.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,341.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476564","date":"2014-03-31","amount":73550,"count":88,"baseline":4341,"ratio":16.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476564/"]},{"id":"P15_C001084_5lnt6r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,850 donation spike on 2012-03-30 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-30 this committee recorded $67,850 across 83 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,430.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476564","date":"2012-03-30","amount":67850,"count":83,"baseline":5430,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476564/"]},{"id":"P15_C001084_le9e49","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,200 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $53,200 across 58 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,829.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476564","date":"2015-03-31","amount":53200,"count":58,"baseline":5829,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476564/"]},{"id":"P174_C001084","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David N. Cicilline has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"David N. Cicilline triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001084"]},{"id":"P198_C001084","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"David N. Cicilline — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"David N. Cicilline has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C001084","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-n.-cicilline/C001084"]}],"B001271":[{"id":"P15_B001271_6elx0l","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,450 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $51,450 across 30 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,199.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476325","date":"2014-06-30","amount":51450,"count":30,"baseline":5199,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476325/"]},{"id":"P138_B001271","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Benishek draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.1M PAC / $12.8M total)","explanation":"Dan Benishek's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.1M of $12.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.05,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.77,"pacSharePct":47.4,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H0MI01088"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MI01088/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001191":[{"id":"P15_M001191_ffg7ga","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$1,000,000 donation spike on 2016-12-01 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-12-01 this committee recorded $1,000,000 across 1 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $90,325.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493825","date":"2016-12-01","amount":1000000,"count":1,"baseline":90325,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493825/"]},{"id":"P15_M001191_qirp0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$180,350 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $180,350 across 88 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $22,657.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493825","date":"2015-03-31","amount":180350,"count":88,"baseline":22657,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493825/"]},{"id":"P15_M001191_qkonk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$118,900 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $118,900 across 111 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,941.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493825","date":"2015-06-30","amount":118900,"count":111,"baseline":19941,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493825/"]},{"id":"P15_M001191_sm9srp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,450 donation spike on 2013-03-29 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-29 this committee recorded $85,450 across 56 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,143.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493825","date":"2013-03-29","amount":85450,"count":56,"baseline":12143,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493825/"]},{"id":"P15_M001191_dxvij1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,000 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $81,000 across 71 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,431.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493825","date":"2014-03-31","amount":81000,"count":71,"baseline":12431,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493825/"]},{"id":"P15_M001191_qkol0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,350 donation spike on 2015-06-01 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-01 this committee recorded $78,350 across 59 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,909.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493825","date":"2015-06-01","amount":78350,"count":59,"baseline":12909,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493825/"]},{"id":"P15_M001191_tpn9c3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$149,200 donation spike on 2021-12-31 — 18.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-31 this committee recorded $149,200 across 55 contributions — 18.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,038.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00620443","date":"2021-12-31","amount":149200,"count":55,"baseline":8038,"ratio":18.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620443/"]},{"id":"P15_M001191_qnmb16","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,300 donation spike on 2022-02-23 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-02-23 this committee recorded $104,300 across 42 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,830.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00620443","date":"2022-02-23","amount":104300,"count":42,"baseline":11830,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00620443/"]},{"id":"P29_M001191_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MURPHY, Patrick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":7,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1155,"date":"2014-11-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5682) to approve the Keystone XL P"}],"citations":[]}],"G000560":[{"id":"P15_G000560_ws2ytx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,950 donation spike on 2013-03-31 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-31 this committee recorded $67,950 across 33 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,627.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462556","date":"2013-03-31","amount":67950,"count":33,"baseline":4627,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462556/"]},{"id":"P15_G000560_pxk2zy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,700 donation spike on 2017-06-22 — 12× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-22 this committee recorded $65,700 across 43 contributions — 12× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,494.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462556","date":"2017-06-22","amount":65700,"count":43,"baseline":5494,"ratio":12}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462556/"]},{"id":"P174_G000560","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Graves has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tom Graves triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000560"]}],"P000588":[{"id":"P15_P000588_ulzob7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,134 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $77,134 across 72 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,708.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463836","date":"2015-06-30","amount":77134,"count":72,"baseline":8708,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463836/"]},{"id":"P15_P000588_pqrdeb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,450 donation spike on 2014-08-28 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-08-28 this committee recorded $74,450 across 41 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,771.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463836","date":"2014-08-28","amount":74450,"count":41,"baseline":8771,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463836/"]},{"id":"P15_P000588_fxk44x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,150 donation spike on 2016-08-22 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-22 this committee recorded $61,150 across 51 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,610.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463836","date":"2016-08-22","amount":61150,"count":51,"baseline":9610,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463836/"]},{"id":"P15_P000588_3m2h1o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,920 donation spike on 2012-06-18 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-18 this committee recorded $58,920 across 54 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,482.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00463836","date":"2012-06-18","amount":58920,"count":54,"baseline":9482,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00463836/"]},{"id":"P174_P000588","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stevan Pearce has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Stevan Pearce triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000588"]},{"id":"P195_P000588","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stevan Pearce — DW-NOMINATE 0.47 vs NM delegation mean -0.08 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Stevan Pearce's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.47) is 1.7 standard deviations from the NM delegation mean (-0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NM","memberScore":0.472,"delegationMean":-0.07641176470588235,"zscore":"1.72"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"W000789":[{"id":"P15_W000789_ci3m4x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$174,350 donation spike on 2012-04-19 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-04-19 this committee recorded $174,350 across 171 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,686.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493981","date":"2012-04-19","amount":174350,"count":171,"baseline":19686,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493981/"]},{"id":"P15_W000789_267h4m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$91,850 donation spike on 2011-09-29 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-29 this committee recorded $91,850 across 86 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,005.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493981","date":"2011-09-29","amount":91850,"count":86,"baseline":11005,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493981/"]},{"id":"P15_W000789_ci2z5a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,479 donation spike on 2012-03-15 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-15 this committee recorded $74,479 across 105 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,087.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493981","date":"2012-03-15","amount":74479,"count":105,"baseline":9087,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493981/"]},{"id":"P15_W000789_26bb16","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,550 donation spike on 2011-03-30 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-30 this committee recorded $68,550 across 75 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,655.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493981","date":"2011-03-30","amount":68550,"count":75,"baseline":10655,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493981/"]},{"id":"P174_W000789","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Heather Wilson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Heather Wilson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000789"]}],"G000569":[{"id":"P15_G000569_oyxrq7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,249 donation spike on 2013-12-26 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-26 this committee recorded $94,249 across 98 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,152.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00470807","date":"2013-12-26","amount":94249,"count":98,"baseline":8152,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00470807/"]},{"id":"P15_G000569_oygj2w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,400 donation spike on 2013-06-24 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-24 this committee recorded $88,400 across 47 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,645.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00470807","date":"2013-06-24","amount":88400,"count":47,"baseline":10645,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00470807/"]},{"id":"P15_G000569_4ec1cf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,400 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $77,400 across 68 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,780.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00470807","date":"2011-06-30","amount":77400,"count":68,"baseline":9780,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00470807/"]},{"id":"P15_G000569_oyem53","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,035 donation spike on 2013-03-31 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-31 this committee recorded $69,035 across 67 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,722.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00470807","date":"2013-03-31","amount":69035,"count":67,"baseline":7722,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00470807/"]},{"id":"P15_G000569_veb5m0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,665 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $62,665 across 77 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,446.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00470807","date":"2014-03-31","amount":62665,"count":77,"baseline":10446,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00470807/"]},{"id":"P138_G000569","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael G. Grimm draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.6M PAC / $12.1M total)","explanation":"Michael G. Grimm's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.6M of $12.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.08,"pacSharePct":37.8,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H0NY13074"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY13074/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000569","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael G. Grimm has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Michael G. Grimm triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000569"]}],"M001181":[{"id":"P15_M001181_us4v0n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,350 donation spike on 2013-11-22 — 14.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-11-22 this committee recorded $85,350 across 72 contributions — 14.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,971.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466870","date":"2013-11-22","amount":85350,"count":72,"baseline":5971,"ratio":14.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466870/"]},{"id":"P15_M001181_1fcxkx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,300 donation spike on 2011-12-30 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-30 this committee recorded $70,300 across 51 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,322.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466870","date":"2011-12-30","amount":70300,"count":51,"baseline":7322,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466870/"]},{"id":"P15_M001181_uro9c0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,000 donation spike on 2013-06-10 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-10 this committee recorded $53,000 across 53 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,526.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466870","date":"2013-06-10","amount":53000,"count":53,"baseline":6526,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466870/"]},{"id":"P174_M001181","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Meehan has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Patrick Meehan triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001181"]}],"E000293":[{"id":"P15_E000293_ldcslj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$170,578 donation spike on 2018-05-09 — 18× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-09 this committee recorded $170,578 across 79 contributions — 18× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,464.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494203","date":"2018-05-09","amount":170578,"count":79,"baseline":9464,"ratio":18}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494203/"]},{"id":"P15_E000293_hy3yud","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,600 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $63,600 across 78 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,975.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494203","date":"2011-06-30","amount":63600,"count":78,"baseline":5975,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494203/"]},{"id":"P15_E000293_wmk60z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,350 donation spike on 2012-09-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-30 this committee recorded $57,350 across 78 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,356.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494203","date":"2012-09-30","amount":57350,"count":78,"baseline":9356,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494203/"]},{"id":"P15_E000293_5mj4st","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,550 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $53,550 across 47 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,765.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494203","date":"2015-03-31","amount":53550,"count":47,"baseline":5765,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494203/"]},{"id":"P174_E000293","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth H. Esty has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Elizabeth H. Esty triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000293"]}],"K000382":[{"id":"P15_K000382_4ttle0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$162,725 donation spike on 2024-04-10 — 22.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-10 this committee recorded $162,725 across 65 contributions — 22.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,193.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462861","date":"2024-04-10","amount":162725,"count":65,"baseline":7193,"ratio":22.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462861/"]},{"id":"P15_K000382_vtq5r9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,805 donation spike on 2021-03-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-03-31 this committee recorded $74,805 across 43 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,181.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462861","date":"2021-03-31","amount":74805,"count":43,"baseline":11181,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462861/"]},{"id":"P15_K000382_nzrlnf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,450 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $59,450 across 70 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,470.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462861","date":"2014-06-30","amount":59450,"count":70,"baseline":6470,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462861/"]},{"id":"P138_K000382","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ann M. Kuster draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.8M PAC / $50.3M total)","explanation":"Ann M. Kuster's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.8M of $50.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.33,"pacSharePct":31.4,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H0NH02181"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NH02181/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000382","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ann M. Kuster has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ann M. Kuster triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000382"]},{"id":"P198_K000382","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ann M. Kuster — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Ann M. Kuster has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000382","https://www.congress.gov/member/ann-m.-kuster/K000382"]}],"H001063":[{"id":"P15_H001063_uqzgfs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,248 donation spike on 2011-03-22 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-22 this committee recorded $59,248 across 34 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,808.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493023","date":"2011-03-22","amount":59248,"count":34,"baseline":6808,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493023/"]},{"id":"P29_H001063_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAHN, Janice voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":11,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H001063","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Janice Hahn draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.4M PAC / $7.9M total)","explanation":"Janice Hahn's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.4M of $7.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.37,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.93,"pacSharePct":42.5,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H8CA36097"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA36097/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001063","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Janice Hahn has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Janice Hahn triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001063"]}],"H001050":[{"id":"P15_H001050_h7oj5g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$205,601 donation spike on 2014-10-08 — 21.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-10-08 this committee recorded $205,601 across 120 contributions — 21.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,659.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468413","date":"2014-10-08","amount":205601,"count":120,"baseline":9659,"ratio":21.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468413/"]},{"id":"P15_H001050_qtya53","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$123,000 donation spike on 2011-06-29 — 14.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-29 this committee recorded $123,000 across 112 contributions — 14.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,587.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468413","date":"2011-06-29","amount":123000,"count":112,"baseline":8587,"ratio":14.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468413/"]},{"id":"P15_H001050_2isdcd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,950 donation spike on 2013-03-28 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-28 this committee recorded $89,950 across 67 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,607.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468413","date":"2013-03-28","amount":89950,"count":67,"baseline":6607,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468413/"]},{"id":"P15_H001050_2iw7a6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,100 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 12.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $81,100 across 105 contributions — 12.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,376.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468413","date":"2013-09-30","amount":81100,"count":105,"baseline":6376,"ratio":12.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468413/"]},{"id":"P15_H001050_oh2x03","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,600 donation spike on 2016-06-28 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-28 this committee recorded $79,600 across 36 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,169.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468413","date":"2016-06-28","amount":79600,"count":36,"baseline":12169,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468413/"]},{"id":"P15_H001050_h78kiy","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,200 donation spike on 2014-06-27 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-27 this committee recorded $62,200 across 69 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,917.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468413","date":"2014-06-27","amount":62200,"count":69,"baseline":6917,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468413/"]},{"id":"P15_H001050_h760ko","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,050 donation spike on 2014-02-21 — 11× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-02-21 this committee recorded $52,050 across 45 contributions — 11× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,714.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468413","date":"2014-02-21","amount":52050,"count":45,"baseline":4714,"ratio":11}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468413/"]},{"id":"P174_H001050","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Colleen Hanabusa has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Colleen Hanabusa triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001050"]}],"R000571":[{"id":"P15_R000571_6lxs8t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$263,148 donation spike on 2012-09-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-30 this committee recorded $263,148 across 200 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,050.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493015","date":"2012-09-30","amount":263148,"count":200,"baseline":30050,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493015/"]},{"id":"P15_R000571_6m1m5y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$179,750 donation spike on 2012-03-31 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-31 this committee recorded $179,750 across 134 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,986.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493015","date":"2012-03-31","amount":179750,"count":134,"baseline":21986,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493015/"]},{"id":"P15_R000571_lac2gu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$150,100 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $150,100 across 87 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,280.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493015","date":"2011-09-30","amount":150100,"count":87,"baseline":15280,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493015/"]},{"id":"P15_R000571_lafwdz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,350 donation spike on 2011-03-31 — 13× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-31 this committee recorded $113,350 across 67 contributions — 13× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,705.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493015","date":"2011-03-31","amount":113350,"count":67,"baseline":8705,"ratio":13}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493015/"]},{"id":"P15_R000571_ladzh5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$113,113 donation spike on 2011-06-10 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-10 this committee recorded $113,113 across 67 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,061.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493015","date":"2011-06-10","amount":113113,"count":67,"baseline":16061,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493015/"]},{"id":"P15_R000571_6m1m8d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,181 donation spike on 2012-03-07 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-07 this committee recorded $97,181 across 70 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,425.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493015","date":"2012-03-07","amount":97181,"count":70,"baseline":9425,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493015/"]},{"id":"P15_R000571_6lyf8y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,975 donation spike on 2012-08-29 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-08-29 this committee recorded $88,975 across 110 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,309.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00493015","date":"2012-08-29","amount":88975,"count":110,"baseline":14309,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00493015/"]},{"id":"P138_R000571","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Denny Rehberg draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.1M PAC / $17.0M total)","explanation":"Denny Rehberg's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.1M of $17.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.1,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.02,"pacSharePct":35.9,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0MT00033"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MT00033/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001062":[{"id":"P15_H001062_qkdtna","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,550 donation spike on 2012-06-26 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-26 this committee recorded $64,550 across 52 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,407.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494013","date":"2012-06-26","amount":64550,"count":52,"baseline":6407,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494013/"]},{"id":"P29_H001062_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HOCHUL, Kathleen C. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1585,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the conference report to accompany H.R. 4310, Nat"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1570,"date":"2012-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To authorize the issuance of right-of-way permits for natural gas pipelines in G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1560,"date":"2012-12-05","sector":"Technology","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Expressing the sense of Congress regarding actions to preserve and advance the m"}],"citations":[]}],"R000598":[{"id":"P15_R000598_ruy8ix","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,800 donation spike on 2018-10-26 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-26 this committee recorded $68,800 across 37 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,569.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00497115","date":"2018-10-26","amount":68800,"count":37,"baseline":7569,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00497115/"]},{"id":"P138_R000598","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Keith J. Rothfus draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.5M PAC / $21.2M total)","explanation":"Keith J. Rothfus's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.5M of $21.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.16,"pacSharePct":30.6,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H0PA04220"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0PA04220/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000598","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Keith J. Rothfus has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Keith J. Rothfus triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000598"]}],"R000594":[{"id":"P15_R000594_aify2v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,700 donation spike on 2012-03-26 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-26 this committee recorded $68,700 across 97 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,913.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00477661","date":"2012-03-26","amount":68700,"count":97,"baseline":10913,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477661/"]},{"id":"P29_R000594_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RUNYAN, Jon voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1155,"date":"2014-11-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5682) to approve the Keystone XL P"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1153,"date":"2014-09-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"American Energy Solutions for Lower Costs and More American Jobs Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000594","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jon Runyan draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.2M PAC / $8.2M total)","explanation":"Jon Runyan's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.2M of $8.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.24,"pacSharePct":38.9,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H0NJ03153"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NJ03153/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000594","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Runyan has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jon Runyan triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000594"]}],"B001273":[{"id":"P15_B001273_mtf6vi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,600 donation spike on 2015-09-01 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-01 this committee recorded $62,600 across 12 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,762.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472878","date":"2015-09-01","amount":62600,"count":12,"baseline":4762,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472878/"]},{"id":"P15_B001273_mtf6y2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,550 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $62,550 across 40 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,196.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472878","date":"2015-09-30","amount":62550,"count":40,"baseline":10196,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472878/"]},{"id":"P15_B001273_z4xgzz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,000 donation spike on 2011-08-16 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-08-16 this committee recorded $55,000 across 33 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,691.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472878","date":"2011-08-16","amount":55000,"count":33,"baseline":7691,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472878/"]},{"id":"P138_B001273","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Diane Black draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.6M PAC / $18.6M total)","explanation":"Diane Black's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.6M of $18.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.58,"pacSharePct":40.8,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H0TN06257"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TN06257/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001273","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Diane Black has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Diane Black triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001273"]}],"H001064":[{"id":"P15_H001064_lrspve","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,675 donation spike on 2020-04-20 — 16.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-04-20 this committee recorded $56,675 across 61 contributions — 16.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,495.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00472159","date":"2020-04-20","amount":56675,"count":61,"baseline":3495,"ratio":16.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00472159/"]},{"id":"P138_H001064","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Denny Heck draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.6M PAC / $19.3M total)","explanation":"Denny Heck's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.6M of $19.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.29,"pacSharePct":44.5,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H0WA03161"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WA03161/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001064","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Denny Heck has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Denny Heck triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001064"]}],"S001186":[{"id":"P15_S001186_6wjq7h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$108,550 donation spike on 2012-02-21 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-02-21 this committee recorded $108,550 across 131 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,605.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468959","date":"2012-02-21","amount":108550,"count":131,"baseline":6605,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468959/"]},{"id":"P15_S001186_yrr4c3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,300 donation spike on 2014-03-20 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-20 this committee recorded $57,300 across 79 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,733.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468959","date":"2014-03-20","amount":57300,"count":79,"baseline":6733,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468959/"]},{"id":"P174_S001186","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve II Southerland has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve II Southerland triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001186"]}],"R000591":[{"id":"P15_R000591_qqf5qc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,350 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $83,350 across 141 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,093.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462143","date":"2011-09-30","amount":83350,"count":141,"baseline":10093,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462143/"]},{"id":"P15_R000591_2mdenb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,150 donation spike on 2013-09-06 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-06 this committee recorded $59,150 across 59 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,037.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462143","date":"2013-09-06","amount":59150,"count":59,"baseline":8037,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462143/"]},{"id":"P15_R000591_jnls3r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,034 donation spike on 2019-07-31 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-07-31 this committee recorded $54,034 across 70 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,324.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00462143","date":"2019-07-31","amount":54034,"count":70,"baseline":4324,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00462143/"]},{"id":"P17_R000591_GE_2018-08-28","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-08-28 and 2018-08-30, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2018-08-28","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"R000591","name":"Martha Roby"},{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"}],"span":"2018-08-28 to 2018-08-30"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000591","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Martha Roby draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.4M PAC / $15.2M total)","explanation":"Martha Roby's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.4M of $15.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.37,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.17,"pacSharePct":55.2,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H0AL02087"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AL02087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000570":[{"id":"P15_G000570_k5056p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,200 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $62,200 across 34 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,989.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00461350","date":"2015-09-30","amount":62200,"count":34,"baseline":4989,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00461350/"]},{"id":"P138_G000570","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank C. Guinta draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.1M PAC / $12.5M total)","explanation":"Frank C. Guinta's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.1M of $12.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.07,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.5,"pacSharePct":40.5,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H0NH01217"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NH01217/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000570","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank C. Guinta has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank C. Guinta triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000570"]}],"D000614":[{"id":"P15_D000614_pvm2d1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$140,315 donation spike on 2019-09-18 — 21.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-18 this committee recorded $140,315 across 109 contributions — 21.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,408.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464339","date":"2019-09-18","amount":140315,"count":109,"baseline":6408,"ratio":21.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464339/"]},{"id":"P15_D000614_5u1v6k","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,890 donation spike on 2012-09-30 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-30 this committee recorded $73,890 across 93 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,372.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464339","date":"2012-09-30","amount":73890,"count":93,"baseline":6372,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464339/"]},{"id":"P15_D000614_ki0tpw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,150 donation spike on 2011-12-31 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-31 this committee recorded $61,150 across 40 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,611.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464339","date":"2011-12-31","amount":61150,"count":40,"baseline":4611,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464339/"]},{"id":"P15_D000614_3h8f0z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,825 donation spike on 2017-06-20 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-20 this committee recorded $60,825 across 38 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,015.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464339","date":"2017-06-20","amount":60825,"count":38,"baseline":10015,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464339/"]},{"id":"P15_D000614_3h9220","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,675 donation spike on 2017-05-08 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-05-08 this committee recorded $58,675 across 50 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,040.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464339","date":"2017-05-08","amount":58675,"count":50,"baseline":7040,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464339/"]},{"id":"P15_D000614_3hayyv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,550 donation spike on 2017-02-28 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-02-28 this committee recorded $54,550 across 35 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,896.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464339","date":"2017-02-28","amount":54550,"count":35,"baseline":6896,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464339/"]},{"id":"P138_D000614","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sean P. Duffy draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.5M PAC / $29.4M total)","explanation":"Sean P. Duffy's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.5M of $29.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.41,"pacSharePct":39.2,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H0WI07051"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WI07051/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_D000614","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sean P. Duffy has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sean P. Duffy triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000614"]}],"H001059":[{"id":"P15_H001059_8j4gkc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,800 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $79,800 across 67 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,205.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00467522","date":"2011-09-30","amount":79800,"count":67,"baseline":7205,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00467522/"]},{"id":"P138_H001059","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Randy Hultgren draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.1M PAC / $15.4M total)","explanation":"Randy Hultgren's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.1M of $15.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.44,"pacSharePct":52.8,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H0IL14080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IL14080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_H001059","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Randy Hultgren — DW-NOMINATE 0.49 vs IL delegation mean -0.09 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Randy Hultgren's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.49) is 1.5 standard deviations from the IL delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IL","memberScore":0.49,"delegationMean":-0.09283749999999999,"zscore":"1.50"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"T000470":[{"id":"P15_T000470_p9viz0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,900 donation spike on 2020-08-24 — 15× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-24 this committee recorded $101,900 across 44 contributions — 15× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,786.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00470757","date":"2020-08-24","amount":101900,"count":44,"baseline":6786,"ratio":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00470757/"]},{"id":"P15_T000470_p9viz2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,770 donation spike on 2020-08-26 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-26 this committee recorded $51,770 across 22 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,479.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00470757","date":"2020-08-26","amount":51770,"count":22,"baseline":8479,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00470757/"]},{"id":"P29_T000470_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TIPTON, Scott voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_T000470","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott  R. Tipton draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.4M PAC / $21.1M total)","explanation":"Scott  R. Tipton's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.4M of $21.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.36,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.14,"pacSharePct":34.8,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H6CO03139"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CO03139/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_T000470","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott  R. Tipton has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Scott  R. Tipton triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000470"]}],"R000586":[{"id":"P15_R000586_18nwi1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$296,794 donation spike on 2018-11-16 — 16.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-11-16 this committee recorded $296,794 across 1 contributions — 16.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,285.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466359","date":"2018-11-16","amount":296794,"count":1,"baseline":18285,"ratio":16.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466359/"]},{"id":"P15_R000586_iadij9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,829 donation spike on 2012-07-17 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-07-17 this committee recorded $125,829 across 110 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,885.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466359","date":"2012-07-17","amount":125829,"count":110,"baseline":10885,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466359/"]},{"id":"P15_R000586_195s3y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,870 donation spike on 2018-04-26 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-04-26 this committee recorded $102,870 across 114 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,172.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466359","date":"2018-04-26","amount":102870,"count":114,"baseline":10172,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466359/"]},{"id":"P15_R000586_iadiil","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,000 donation spike on 2012-07-20 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-07-20 this committee recorded $100,000 across 40 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,788.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466359","date":"2012-07-20","amount":100000,"count":40,"baseline":14788,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466359/"]},{"id":"P15_R000586_wyucnu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,500 donation spike on 2011-03-31 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-03-31 this committee recorded $74,500 across 31 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,433.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466359","date":"2011-03-31","amount":74500,"count":31,"baseline":12433,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466359/"]},{"id":"P15_R000586_iae5h9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,450 donation spike on 2012-06-30 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-30 this committee recorded $67,450 across 53 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,967.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466359","date":"2012-06-30","amount":67450,"count":53,"baseline":6967,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466359/"]},{"id":"P15_R000586_196f2r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,616 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $59,616 across 65 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,974.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00466359","date":"2018-03-31","amount":59616,"count":65,"baseline":5974,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00466359/"]}],"T000471":[{"id":"P15_T000471_ucxwpm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,600 donation spike on 2012-05-15 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-15 this committee recorded $53,600 across 33 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,566.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499244","date":"2012-05-15","amount":53600,"count":33,"baseline":7566,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499244/"]},{"id":"P174_T000471","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert L. Turner has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert L. Turner triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000471"]}],"S001193":[{"id":"P15_S001193_yw7ys9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,300 donation spike on 2018-03-27 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-27 this committee recorded $65,300 across 55 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,565.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502294","date":"2018-03-27","amount":65300,"count":55,"baseline":5565,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502294/"]},{"id":"P15_S001193_8fguue","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,078 donation spike on 2023-03-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-31 this committee recorded $65,078 across 42 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,759.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502294","date":"2023-03-31","amount":65078,"count":42,"baseline":9759,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502294/"]},{"id":"P15_S001193_x8yglt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,955 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $62,955 across 56 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,213.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502294","date":"2021-09-30","amount":62955,"count":56,"baseline":7213,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502294/"]},{"id":"P15_S001193_xs4jyu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,450 donation spike on 2013-09-21 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-21 this committee recorded $60,450 across 76 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,446.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502294","date":"2013-09-21","amount":60450,"count":76,"baseline":4446,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502294/"]},{"id":"P15_S001193_k7b5zr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,910 donation spike on 2019-11-03 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-11-03 this committee recorded $56,910 across 63 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,716.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502294","date":"2019-11-03","amount":56910,"count":63,"baseline":7716,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502294/"]},{"id":"P15_S001193_x8wjml","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,337 donation spike on 2021-06-28 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-28 this committee recorded $55,337 across 39 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,592.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502294","date":"2021-06-28","amount":55337,"count":39,"baseline":5592,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502294/"]},{"id":"P15_S001193_x8wjmm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,490 donation spike on 2021-06-29 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-29 this committee recorded $54,490 across 36 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,469.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502294","date":"2021-06-29","amount":54490,"count":36,"baseline":7469,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502294/"]},{"id":"P15_S001193_n3v52f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,450 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $50,450 across 52 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,021.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502294","date":"2022-03-31","amount":50450,"count":52,"baseline":6021,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502294/"]},{"id":"P15_S001193_oyn0ho","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,191 donation spike on 2019-06-30 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-30 this committee recorded $104,191 across 103 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,212.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701698","date":"2019-06-30","amount":104191,"count":103,"baseline":12212,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701698/"]},{"id":"P29_S001193_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SWALWELL, Eric voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":25,"peerNay":17,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":41,"peerNay":1,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":390,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":42,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":34,"peerNay":8,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":378,"date":"2026-01-13","sector":"Labor","myVote":"N","peerYea":42,"peerNay":0,"description":"Flexibility for Workers Education Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S001193","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Swalwell has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Eric Swalwell triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001193"]},{"id":"P198_S001193","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Swalwell — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Eric Swalwell has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":119}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001193","https://www.congress.gov/member/eric-swalwell/S001193"]}],"K000390":[{"id":"P15_K000390_6pijq9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,015 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 11.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $73,015 across 68 contributions — 11.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,384.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502773","date":"2015-06-30","amount":73015,"count":68,"baseline":6384,"ratio":11.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502773/"]},{"id":"P138_K000390","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben J. Kihuen draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.2M PAC / $6.7M total)","explanation":"Ruben J. Kihuen's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.2M of $6.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.18,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.7,"pacSharePct":32.6,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H2NV00050"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NV00050/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000390","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben J. Kihuen has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ruben J. Kihuen triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000390"]}],"H001065":[{"id":"P15_H001065_x7x9qu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,353 donation spike on 2016-05-23 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-05-23 this committee recorded $79,353 across 89 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,178.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499236","date":"2016-05-23","amount":79353,"count":89,"baseline":9178,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499236/"]},{"id":"P15_H001065_8gg4qx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,401 donation spike on 2014-08-27 — 15.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-08-27 this committee recorded $73,401 across 52 contributions — 15.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,649.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499236","date":"2014-08-27","amount":73401,"count":52,"baseline":4649,"ratio":15.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499236/"]},{"id":"P15_H001065_3v6ma8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,750 donation spike on 2018-02-13 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-02-13 this committee recorded $56,750 across 58 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,304.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499236","date":"2018-02-13","amount":56750,"count":58,"baseline":5304,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499236/"]},{"id":"P15_H001065_lfmd1x","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,476 donation spike on 2020-02-06 — 15.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-02-06 this committee recorded $54,476 across 32 contributions — 15.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,547.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499236","date":"2020-02-06","amount":54476,"count":32,"baseline":3547,"ratio":15.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499236/"]},{"id":"P138_H001065","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"George Holding draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.2M PAC / $19.9M total)","explanation":"George Holding's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.2M of $19.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.94,"pacSharePct":46.2,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2NC13110"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC13110/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_H001065","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Holding disclosed 1 large-bracket trade (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY FCNCA $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"George Holding has filed 1 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY FCNCA $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2014-12-31.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":1,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":500001,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"FCNCA","action":"BUY","date":"2014-12-31","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"G000567":[{"id":"P15_G000567_ued05d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,920 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $59,920 across 52 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,818.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00468116","date":"2011-06-30","amount":59920,"count":52,"baseline":9818,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00468116/"]},{"id":"P138_G000567","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Griffin draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.8M PAC / $8.5M total)","explanation":"Tim Griffin's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.8M of $8.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.79,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.5,"pacSharePct":32.8,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H0AR02107"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AR02107/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000567","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Griffin has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tim Griffin triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000567"]}],"G000572":[{"id":"P15_G000572_qtskbx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,009 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $55,009 across 47 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,968.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501908","date":"2014-06-30","amount":55009,"count":47,"baseline":5968,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501908/"]},{"id":"P29_G000572_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GALLEGO, Pete P. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":12,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":5,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":2,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_G000572","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete P. Gallego draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.4M PAC / $13.3M total)","explanation":"Pete P. Gallego's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.4M of $13.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.41,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.35,"pacSharePct":33.1,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H2TX23124"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX23124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000572","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete P. Gallego has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Pete P. Gallego triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000572"]}],"B001286":[{"id":"P15_B001286_9m7l01","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$118,608 donation spike on 2020-10-26 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-10-26 this committee recorded $118,608 across 128 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,094.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00498568","date":"2020-10-26","amount":118608,"count":128,"baseline":12094,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498568/"]},{"id":"P15_B001286_9m6y2c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,373 donation spike on 2020-11-02 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-11-02 this committee recorded $92,373 across 113 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,798.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00498568","date":"2020-11-02","amount":92373,"count":113,"baseline":14798,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00498568/"]},{"id":"P18_B001286_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Cheri Bustos executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","date":"2020-04-06","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2020-03-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 in the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-03-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Blueline Tilefish Fishery; 2020 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001286_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Cheri Bustos executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2020-03-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Commission Guidance on Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2020-02-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_B001286_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Defense trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Cheri Bustos executed 1 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2020-03-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":22,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Taking and Importing Marine Mammals; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to U.S. Navy Construction Activities at Naval Weap","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-02-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_B001286_wsk313","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Cheri Bustos sits on committees overseeing Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"LHX","date":"2020-03-17","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":3448894.2399999998,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2020-02-25","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001286_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BUSTOS, Cheri voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1156,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_B001286","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Cheri Bustos sits on committees regulating Agriculture, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Finance, Healthcare, Defense and actively trades in Technology, Telecom, Healthcare. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Agriculture","Technology","Telecom","Transportation","Finance","Healthcare","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":5},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":3},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":5}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_B001286_CMCSA_20200225","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cheri Bustos sell $CMCSA 1 day after a corporate insider (Murdock Daniel C.  (CIK 0001698551)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Murdock Daniel C.  (CIK 0001698551)","filingDate":"2020-02-24","adsh":"0001225208-20-003260","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_B001286_CMCSA_20200225","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Cheri Bustos sell $CMCSA 8 days before a corporate insider (Cavanagh Michael J  (CIK 0001304481)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"Cavanagh Michael J  (CIK 0001304481)","filingDate":"2020-03-04","adsh":"0001225208-20-004318"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_B001286_2017-01-04_Pharma","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $BIIB 26 days after a Pharma floor speech","explanation":"Cheri Bustos delivered a 219-word floor speech on 2017-01-04 that the classifier tagged Pharma sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I spent 10 years of my professional life working in health care, both during and after the Affordable Care Act passed, so let me tell you what a Republican repeal would mean. It would mea…\"). The member sell $BIIB (a Pharma-sector stock) 26 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-01-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":219,"sector":"Pharma","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I spent 10 years of my professional life working in health care, both during and after the Affordable Care Act passed, so let me tell you what a Republican repeal would mean. It would mea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/01/04/163/2/CREC-2017-01-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BIIB","sector":"Pharma","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-30"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/01/04/163/2/CREC-2017-01-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P89_B001286","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cheri Bustos (left 2023) registered as LDA lobbyist — 5 clients across 9 filings","explanation":"Cheri Bustos left Congress in 2023 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $060000.0020000.0080000.0080000.0080000.0080000.0080000.0030000.0030000.00 from 5 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: ORACLE AMERICA INC. FKA ORACLE CORPORATION, ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY, GOTION, INC., CITY OF ROCK ISLAND, CITY OF EAST MOLINE, ILLINOIS.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2023,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"060000.0020000.0080000.0080000.0080000.0080000.0080000.0030000.0030000.00","clientCount":5,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["ORACLE AMERICA INC. FKA ORACLE CORPORATION","ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY","GOTION, INC.","CITY OF ROCK ISLAND","CITY OF EAST MOLINE, ILLINOIS"],"sampleFirms":["MERCURY PUBLIC AFFAIRS, LLC"],"filings":9,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Cheri%20Bustos"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Cheri%20Bustos","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_B001286","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cheri Bustos draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.7M PAC / $36.8M total)","explanation":"Cheri Bustos's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.7M of $36.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.73,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.8,"pacSharePct":40,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2IL17071"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL17071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_B001286","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cheri Bustos executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL TGT (15d apart)","explanation":"Cheri Bustos has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL TGT 2020-02-10 → 2020-02-25 (15d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"TGT","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-02-10","date2":"2020-02-25","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_B001286_2019-10-18","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cheri Bustos — 10 trades on 2019-10-18","explanation":"Cheri Bustos disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2019-10-18). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2019-10-18","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_B001286","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cheri Bustos — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (41/41)","explanation":"Cheri Bustos's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":41,"atBracket":41,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"B001283":[{"id":"P15_B001283_gyvhvh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,650 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $55,650 across 33 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,132.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00502393","date":"2015-03-31","amount":55650,"count":33,"baseline":5132,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00502393/"]},{"id":"P138_B001283","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Bridenstine draws 30% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.5M PAC / $4.9M total)","explanation":"Jim Bridenstine's FEC-bulk record shows 30% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.5M of $4.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.86,"pacSharePct":30.3,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H2OK01143"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OK01143/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001283","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Bridenstine has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Bridenstine triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001283"]}],"F000457":[{"id":"P15_F000457_wpg6v3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,500 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $88,500 across 102 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,724.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00480384","date":"2013-09-30","amount":88500,"count":102,"baseline":8724,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00480384/"]},{"id":"P15_F000457_i13tln","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,647 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $81,647 across 105 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,404.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00480384","date":"2014-06-30","amount":81647,"count":105,"baseline":10404,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00480384/"]},{"id":"P15_F000457_lrdue0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$209,521 donation spike on 2018-01-05 — 22.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-01-05 this committee recorded $209,521 across 111 contributions — 22.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,231.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00570960","date":"2018-01-05","amount":209521,"count":111,"baseline":9231,"ratio":22.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00570960/"]},{"id":"P29_F000457_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FRANKEN, Al voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_F000457","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Al Franken ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $121M across 13 cycles","explanation":"Al Franken's FEC-bulk record shows $121.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 13 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":121.34,"cycleCount":13,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8MN00438"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MN00438/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"J000292":[{"id":"P15_J000292_uci19o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$160,065 donation spike on 2012-02-13 — 18.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-02-13 this committee recorded $160,065 across 151 contributions — 18.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,599.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476820","date":"2012-02-13","amount":160065,"count":151,"baseline":8599,"ratio":18.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476820/"]},{"id":"P15_J000292_wph8bs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$99,799 donation spike on 2017-08-10 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-08-10 this committee recorded $99,799 across 74 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,937.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476820","date":"2017-08-10","amount":99799,"count":74,"baseline":7937,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476820/"]},{"id":"P15_J000292_bbu385","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,975 donation spike on 2014-01-20 — 17× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-01-20 this committee recorded $97,975 across 118 contributions — 17× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,752.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476820","date":"2014-01-20","amount":97975,"count":118,"baseline":5752,"ratio":17}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476820/"]},{"id":"P15_J000292_3cpawz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,900 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $56,900 across 37 contributions — 9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,308.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00476820","date":"2015-09-30","amount":56900,"count":37,"baseline":6308,"ratio":9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00476820/"]},{"id":"P29_J000292_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JOHNSON, Bill voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":691,"date":"2023-12-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Elizabeth Dole Home- and Community-Based Services for Veterans and Caregivers Ac"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":690,"date":"2023-12-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Housing our Military Veterans Effectively Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":688,"date":"2023-12-05","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of (H.R. 4468) Choice in Automobile Retail Sales Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_J000292","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Johnson draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.8M PAC / $24.4M total)","explanation":"Bill Johnson's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.8M of $24.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.81,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.41,"pacSharePct":52.5,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H0OH06189"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0OH06189/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_J000292","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Johnson — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Bill Johnson has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000292","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-johnson/J000292"]}],"L000580":[{"id":"P15_L000580_82pndq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,200 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $51,200 across 43 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,428.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00501254","date":"2015-03-31","amount":51200,"count":43,"baseline":5428,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00501254/"]},{"id":"P174_L000580","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michelle Lujan Grisham has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Michelle Lujan Grisham triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000580"]}],"M001182":[{"id":"P15_M001182_sxlh2c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,312 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $59,312 across 69 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,712.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00471292","date":"2011-06-30","amount":59312,"count":69,"baseline":6712,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00471292/"]},{"id":"P15_M001182_qkq3yx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,750 donation spike on 2016-06-14 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-14 this committee recorded $57,750 across 29 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,024.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00471292","date":"2016-06-14","amount":57750,"count":29,"baseline":8024,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00471292/"]},{"id":"P138_M001182","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mick Mulvaney draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.1M PAC / $9.8M total)","explanation":"Mick Mulvaney's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.1M of $9.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.77,"pacSharePct":42.2,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H0SC05031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0SC05031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001182","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mick Mulvaney has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mick Mulvaney triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001182"]},{"id":"P178_M001182_2016-06-29","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mick Mulvaney — 16 trades on 2016-06-29","explanation":"Mick Mulvaney disclosed 16 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-06-29). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-06-29","count":16}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001182","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mick Mulvaney — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (38/38)","explanation":"Mick Mulvaney's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":38,"atBracket":38,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"R000585":[{"id":"P15_R000585_hsrb8i","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$406,850 donation spike on 2021-01-21 — 24.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-01-21 this committee recorded $406,850 across 233 contributions — 24.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,458.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464032","date":"2021-01-21","amount":406850,"count":233,"baseline":16458,"ratio":24.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464032/"]},{"id":"P15_R000585_hstv5t","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$190,300 donation spike on 2021-05-13 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-05-13 this committee recorded $190,300 across 72 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $27,385.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464032","date":"2021-05-13","amount":190300,"count":72,"baseline":27385,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464032/"]},{"id":"P15_R000585_34i4xj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,403 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $77,403 across 88 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,616.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464032","date":"2020-09-30","amount":77403,"count":88,"baseline":7616,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464032/"]},{"id":"P15_R000585_60frih","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,000 donation spike on 2017-03-23 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-23 this committee recorded $73,000 across 32 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,755.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464032","date":"2017-03-23","amount":73000,"count":32,"baseline":7755,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464032/"]},{"id":"P15_R000585_ncavy8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,600 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 10.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $59,600 across 50 contributions — 10.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,530.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464032","date":"2015-06-30","amount":59600,"count":50,"baseline":5530,"ratio":10.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464032/"]},{"id":"P15_R000585_zdrhl6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,550 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 8.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $50,550 across 29 contributions — 8.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,242.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00464032","date":"2019-12-31","amount":50550,"count":29,"baseline":6242,"ratio":8.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00464032/"]},{"id":"P89_R000585","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Reed (left 2023, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — 2 clients across 2 filings","explanation":"Tom Reed left Congress in 2023 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $060000.0020000.00 from 2 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: SENECA NATION OF INDIANS, COALITION FOR FOOD SECURITY.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2023,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":"060000.0020000.00","clientCount":2,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["SENECA NATION OF INDIANS","COALITION FOR FOOD SECURITY"],"sampleFirms":["PRIME POLICY GROUP"],"filings":2,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Tom%20Reed"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Tom%20Reed","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P136_R000585","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Reed ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.6M across 12 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Tom Reed's FEC-bulk record shows $17.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $33.2M (PAC: $17.6M, individual: $13.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.62,"lifetimeReceiptsM":33.23,"lifetimeIndividualM":13.54,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0NY29054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY29054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_R000585","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Reed draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.6M PAC / $33.2M total)","explanation":"Tom Reed's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.6M of $33.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.62,"lifetimeReceiptsM":33.23,"pacSharePct":53,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H0NY29054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY29054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_R000585","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Reed — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Tom Reed has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000585","https://www.congress.gov/member/tom-reed/R000585"]}],"R000597":[{"id":"P15_R000597_ybv4fa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$258,400 donation spike on 2022-08-12 — 21.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-12 this committee recorded $258,400 across 101 contributions — 21.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,821.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00506048","date":"2022-08-12","amount":258400,"count":101,"baseline":11821,"ratio":21.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00506048/"]},{"id":"P15_R000597_7vn3i0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,700 donation spike on 2012-09-21 — 9.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-21 this committee recorded $102,700 across 87 contributions — 9.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,953.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00506048","date":"2012-09-21","amount":102700,"count":87,"baseline":10953,"ratio":9.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00506048/"]},{"id":"P15_R000597_mjytqc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,400 donation spike on 2013-05-06 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-05-06 this committee recorded $94,400 across 86 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,826.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00506048","date":"2013-05-06","amount":94400,"count":86,"baseline":7826,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00506048/"]},{"id":"P15_R000597_xsqb1a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,814 donation spike on 2014-06-04 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-04 this committee recorded $82,814 across 92 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,668.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00506048","date":"2014-06-04","amount":82814,"count":92,"baseline":8668,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00506048/"]},{"id":"P15_R000597_a8gjof","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,450 donation spike on 2017-06-20 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-20 this committee recorded $76,450 across 64 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,975.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00506048","date":"2017-06-20","amount":76450,"count":64,"baseline":9975,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00506048/"]},{"id":"P15_R000597_m0vaam","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,900 donation spike on 2021-09-07 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-07 this committee recorded $60,900 across 29 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,945.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00506048","date":"2021-09-07","amount":60900,"count":29,"baseline":7945,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00506048/"]},{"id":"P15_R000597_7vj9lo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,550 donation spike on 2012-03-30 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-30 this committee recorded $55,550 across 62 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,418.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00506048","date":"2012-03-30","amount":55550,"count":62,"baseline":4418,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00506048/"]},{"id":"P17_R000597_GE_2019-08-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-08 and 2019-08-14, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-08-08","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"}],"span":"2019-08-08 to 2019-08-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000597_GE_2019-08-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-13 and 2019-08-20, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-08-13","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2019-08-13 to 2019-08-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000597_GE_2019-08-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2019-08-14 and 2019-08-20, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-08-14","action":"BUY","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2019-08-14 to 2019-08-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_R000597_GE_2020-03-17","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GE within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-17 and 2020-03-23, 3 members (Industrial sector) took the same direction on GE. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2020-03-17","action":"SELL","sector":"Industrial","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GE","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"T000479","name":"Van Taylor"},{"bioguideId":"C001123","name":"Gilbert Cisneros"},{"bioguideId":"R000597","name":"Tom Rice"}],"span":"2020-03-17 to 2020-03-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000597_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tom Rice executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-03-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-03-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-02-12"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Amendment of the Class E Airspace; Bowling Green and Somerset, KY","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-02-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_R000597_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Tom Rice executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHOP","date":"2020-02-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; Snapper-Grouper Fishery of the South Atlantic Region; Re","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_R000597_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with SC R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RICE, Tom voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_R000597_XOM_20200313","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $XOM 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Tom Rice sell $XOM 6 days before a corporate insider (Swiger Andrew P  (CIK 0001376719)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Swiger Andrew P  (CIK 0001376719)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011408"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_R000597","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Rice draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.9M PAC / $17.4M total)","explanation":"Tom Rice's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.9M of $17.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.39,"pacSharePct":45.4,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H2SC07066"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2SC07066/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_R000597","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Rice executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL XOM (4d apart)","explanation":"Tom Rice has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL XOM 2020-03-09 → 2020-03-13 (4d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"XOM","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-03-09","date2":"2020-03-13","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"M001187":[{"id":"P15_M001187_kg3ol4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,725 donation spike on 2012-09-05 — 14.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-05 this committee recorded $80,725 across 125 contributions — 14.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,509.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503094","date":"2012-09-05","amount":80725,"count":125,"baseline":5509,"ratio":14.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503094/"]},{"id":"P15_M001187_msyes8","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,940 donation spike on 2017-08-21 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-08-21 this committee recorded $61,940 across 84 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,927.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503094","date":"2017-08-21","amount":61940,"count":84,"baseline":4927,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503094/"]},{"id":"P29_M001187_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MEADOWS, Mark voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M001187","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Meadows draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.7M PAC / $8.4M total)","explanation":"Mark Meadows's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.7M of $8.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.45,"pacSharePct":31.9,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H2NC11080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC11080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001187","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Meadows has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mark Meadows triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001187"]}],"N000127":[{"id":"P15_N000127_fsti4f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,700 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 13.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $55,700 across 51 contributions — 13.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,038.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499053","date":"2015-03-31","amount":55700,"count":51,"baseline":4038,"ratio":13.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499053/"]},{"id":"P138_N000127","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard M. Nolan draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.0M PAC / $14.3M total)","explanation":"Richard M. Nolan's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.0M of $14.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.99,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.34,"pacSharePct":41.7,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H2MN08111"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MN08111/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_N000127","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard M. Nolan has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Richard M. Nolan triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/N000127"]}],"S001144":[{"id":"P15_S001144_fkbm06","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$106,200 donation spike on 2012-03-31 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-03-31 this committee recorded $106,200 across 80 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,087.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503615","date":"2012-03-31","amount":106200,"count":80,"baseline":10087,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503615/"]},{"id":"P15_S001144_fkesx4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,750 donation spike on 2012-08-27 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-08-27 this committee recorded $71,750 across 32 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,022.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503615","date":"2012-08-27","amount":71750,"count":32,"baseline":10022,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503615/"]},{"id":"P15_S001144_wghdz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,250 donation spike on 2011-12-31 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-12-31 this committee recorded $65,250 across 57 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,281.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00503615","date":"2011-12-31","amount":65250,"count":57,"baseline":9281,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00503615/"]},{"id":"P174_S001144","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Shays has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Christopher Shays triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001144"]}],"W000815":[{"id":"P15_W000815_5qt1wi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,600 donation spike on 2019-03-19 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-19 this committee recorded $60,600 across 47 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,652.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00497818","date":"2019-03-19","amount":60600,"count":47,"baseline":6652,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00497818/"]},{"id":"P29_W000815_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WENSTRUP, Brad voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_W000815","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brad R. Wenstrup draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.2M PAC / $18.5M total)","explanation":"Brad R. Wenstrup's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.2M of $18.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.53,"pacSharePct":44.4,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2OH02085"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OH02085/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_W000815","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brad R. Wenstrup has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Brad R. Wenstrup triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000815"]}],"K000172":[{"id":"P15_K000172_hei6a3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,480 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $68,480 across 55 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,207.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499947","date":"2022-03-31","amount":68480,"count":55,"baseline":10207,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499947/"]},{"id":"P138_K000172","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dale E. Kildee draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.7M PAC / $25.3M total)","explanation":"Dale E. Kildee's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.7M of $25.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.31,"pacSharePct":54,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2MI05119"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MI05119/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S000059":[{"id":"P15_S000059_2aiegf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$395,116 donation spike on 2012-02-08 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-02-08 this committee recorded $395,116 across 812 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $54,153.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496034","date":"2012-02-08","amount":395116,"count":812,"baseline":54153,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496034/"]},{"id":"P15_S000059_2aiegg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$392,457 donation spike on 2012-02-09 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-02-09 this committee recorded $392,457 across 791 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $65,874.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496034","date":"2012-02-09","amount":392457,"count":791,"baseline":65874,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496034/"]},{"id":"P15_S000059_2ahrgs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$337,860 donation spike on 2012-01-04 — 16.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-01-04 this committee recorded $337,860 across 688 contributions — 16.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,754.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496034","date":"2012-01-04","amount":337860,"count":688,"baseline":20754,"ratio":16.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496034/"]},{"id":"P15_S000059_2ahrgt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$192,081 donation spike on 2012-01-05 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-01-05 this committee recorded $192,081 across 402 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $27,161.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496034","date":"2012-01-05","amount":192081,"count":402,"baseline":27161,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496034/"]},{"id":"P15_S000059_2akyej","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$153,244 donation spike on 2012-06-08 — 14.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-08 this committee recorded $153,244 across 141 contributions — 14.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,276.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496034","date":"2012-06-08","amount":153244,"count":141,"baseline":10276,"ratio":14.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496034/"]},{"id":"P15_S000059_cdtbr5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,705 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $120,705 across 102 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,142.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496034","date":"2011-06-30","amount":120705,"count":102,"baseline":12142,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496034/"]},{"id":"P15_S000059_cdresk","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,750 donation spike on 2011-09-30 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-30 this committee recorded $70,750 across 55 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,820.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00496034","date":"2011-09-30","amount":70750,"count":55,"baseline":9820,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00496034/"]},{"id":"P29_S000059_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SANTORUM, Richard John (Rick) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Kent A. Jordan, of Delaware, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Cir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2006-12-06","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2006-12-05","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To provide emergency agricultural disaster assistance."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2006-11-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To declare that it is the policy of the United States to continue to support imp"}],"citations":[]}],"D000612":[{"id":"P15_D000612_l3tg4c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,250 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 10.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $82,250 across 68 contributions — 10.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,948.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00473272","date":"2011-06-30","amount":82250,"count":68,"baseline":7948,"ratio":10.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00473272/"]},{"id":"P89_D000612","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Denham (left 2019, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — 2 clients across 2 filings","explanation":"Jeff Denham left Congress in 2019 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $045000.0010000.00 from 2 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: MERCED IRRIGATION DISTRICT, TRUE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC..","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2019,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":"045000.0010000.00","clientCount":2,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["MERCED IRRIGATION DISTRICT","TRUE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC."],"sampleFirms":["DENTONS US LLP"],"filings":2,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jeff%20Denham"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jeff%20Denham","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_D000612","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Denham draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.0M PAC / $30.2M total)","explanation":"Jeff Denham's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.0M of $30.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.02,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.17,"pacSharePct":49.8,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0CA19173"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA19173/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000564":[{"id":"P15_G000564_wkpmps","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,950 donation spike on 2011-06-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-06-30 this committee recorded $51,950 across 45 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,274.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00477984","date":"2011-06-30","amount":51950,"count":45,"baseline":5274,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00477984/"]},{"id":"P29_G000564_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GIBSON, Christopher voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":6,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1163,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":2,"description":"EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1153,"date":"2014-09-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"American Energy Solutions for Lower Costs and More American Jobs Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_G000564","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher P. Gibson draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.7M PAC / $14.3M total)","explanation":"Christopher P. Gibson's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.7M of $14.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.25,"pacSharePct":39.7,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H0NY20095"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY20095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000564","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher P. Gibson has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Christopher P. Gibson triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000564"]}],"Y000065":[{"id":"P15_Y000065_xiwxj1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$131,175 donation spike on 2017-09-30 — 16.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-30 this committee recorded $131,175 across 95 contributions — 16.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,003.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494583","date":"2017-09-30","amount":131175,"count":95,"baseline":8003,"ratio":16.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494583/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000065_85cmyz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,000 donation spike on 2015-06-04 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-04 this committee recorded $57,000 across 69 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,445.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00494583","date":"2015-06-04","amount":57000,"count":69,"baseline":4445,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00494583/"]},{"id":"P29_Y000065_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"YOHO, Ted voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":8,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_Y000065","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted S. Yoho has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ted S. Yoho triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/Y000065"]}],"H000676":[{"id":"P15_H000676_1lk31z","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$151,110 donation spike on 2012-10-17 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-10-17 this committee recorded $151,110 across 149 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,821.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499517","date":"2012-10-17","amount":151110,"count":149,"baseline":19821,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499517/"]},{"id":"P15_H000676_1l61ca","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$83,750 donation spike on 2012-09-14 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-09-14 this committee recorded $83,750 across 53 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,461.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499517","date":"2012-09-14","amount":83750,"count":53,"baseline":10461,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499517/"]},{"id":"P15_H000676_d388vt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,850 donation spike on 2011-09-12 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2011-09-12 this committee recorded $77,850 across 51 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,756.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499517","date":"2011-09-12","amount":77850,"count":51,"baseline":11756,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499517/"]},{"id":"P15_H000676_1l44eg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,610 donation spike on 2012-06-20 — 13.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-20 this committee recorded $61,610 across 88 contributions — 13.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,603.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499517","date":"2012-06-20","amount":61610,"count":88,"baseline":4603,"ratio":13.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499517/"]},{"id":"P15_H000676_1l44fb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,500 donation spike on 2012-06-30 — 6.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-30 this committee recorded $56,500 across 55 contributions — 6.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,138.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00499517","date":"2012-06-30","amount":56500,"count":55,"baseline":9138,"ratio":6.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00499517/"]},{"id":"P174_H000676","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Hoekstra has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Peter Hoekstra triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000676"]}],"V000132":[{"id":"P15_V000132_kgmqg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,600 donation spike on 2015-02-24 — 15× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-02-24 this committee recorded $100,600 across 40 contributions — 15× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,712.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00513531","date":"2015-02-24","amount":100600,"count":40,"baseline":6712,"ratio":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00513531/"]},{"id":"P15_V000132_rk9d5r","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,700 donation spike on 2018-09-10 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-10 this committee recorded $73,700 across 32 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,399.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00513531","date":"2018-09-10","amount":73700,"count":32,"baseline":6399,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00513531/"]},{"id":"P15_V000132_ke2u3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,200 donation spike on 2015-06-03 — 6.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-03 this committee recorded $50,200 across 25 contributions — 6.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,175.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00513531","date":"2015-06-03","amount":50200,"count":25,"baseline":8175,"ratio":6.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00513531/"]},{"id":"P138_V000132","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Filemon Vela draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $10.1M total)","explanation":"Filemon Vela's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $10.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.13,"pacSharePct":50.9,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H2TX27190"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX27190/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000578":[{"id":"P15_L000578_w5kfbt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,925 donation spike on 2023-10-29 — 16× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-10-29 this committee recorded $64,925 across 44 contributions — 16× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,059.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509422","date":"2023-10-29","amount":64925,"count":44,"baseline":4059,"ratio":16}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509422/"]},{"id":"P15_L000578_hh653v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,650 donation spike on 2024-10-26 — 11.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-10-26 this committee recorded $63,650 across 29 contributions — 11.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,669.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509422","date":"2024-10-26","amount":63650,"count":29,"baseline":5669,"ratio":11.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509422/"]},{"id":"P15_L000578_55n81s","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,525 donation spike on 2020-10-14 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-10-14 this committee recorded $50,525 across 31 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,175.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00509422","date":"2020-10-14","amount":50525,"count":31,"baseline":4175,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00509422/"]},{"id":"P138_L000578","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doug LaMalfa draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.8M PAC / $14.9M total)","explanation":"Doug LaMalfa's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.8M of $14.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.85,"pacSharePct":39.2,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2CA02142"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA02142/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000578","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doug LaMalfa has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Doug LaMalfa triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000578"]},{"id":"P195_L000578","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doug LaMalfa — DW-NOMINATE 0.54 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Doug LaMalfa's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.54) is 1.6 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.542,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.57"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P198_L000578","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doug LaMalfa — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Doug LaMalfa has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":119}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000578","https://www.congress.gov/member/doug-lamalfa/L000578"]}],"G000573":[{"id":"P15_G000573_eaps3g","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,675 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $80,675 across 74 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,748.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00521781","date":"2016-03-31","amount":80675,"count":74,"baseline":9748,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00521781/"]},{"id":"P15_G000573_ealy6b","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,565 donation spike on 2016-09-30 — 11.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-30 this committee recorded $80,565 across 54 contributions — 11.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,838.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00521781","date":"2016-09-30","amount":80565,"count":54,"baseline":6838,"ratio":11.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00521781/"]},{"id":"P15_G000573_rdnme6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,675 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $52,675 across 55 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,001.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00521781","date":"2014-06-30","amount":52675,"count":55,"baseline":7001,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00521781/"]},{"id":"P15_G000573_1z4y1w","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,629 donation spike on 2012-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-30 this committee recorded $52,629 across 39 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,619.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00521781","date":"2012-06-30","amount":52629,"count":39,"baseline":6619,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00521781/"]},{"id":"P15_G000573_xetmh2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,629 donation spike on 2012-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-06-30 this committee recorded $52,629 across 35 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,619.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00482158","date":"2012-06-30","amount":52629,"count":35,"baseline":6619,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00482158/"]},{"id":"P174_G000573","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Garcia has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Joe Garcia triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000573"]}],"P000606":[{"id":"P15_P000606_slmaib","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,932 donation spike on 2018-06-05 — 18.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-05 this committee recorded $100,932 across 47 contributions — 18.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,498.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00514513","date":"2018-06-05","amount":100932,"count":47,"baseline":5498,"ratio":18.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00514513/"]},{"id":"P174_P000606","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Pittenger has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert Pittenger triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000606"]}],"E000297":[{"id":"P15_E000297_hr3stg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,550 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $84,550 across 74 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,901.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518365","date":"2014-03-31","amount":84550,"count":74,"baseline":7901,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518365/"]},{"id":"P15_E000297_nx8ynt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,850 donation spike on 2012-05-21 — 9.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2012-05-21 this committee recorded $73,850 across 57 contributions — 9.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,702.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00518365","date":"2012-05-21","amount":73850,"count":57,"baseline":7702,"ratio":9.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00518365/"]},{"id":"P15_E000297_tqmk67","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,100 donation spike on 2023-09-24 — 13.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-24 this committee recorded $95,100 across 52 contributions — 13.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,951.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701953","date":"2023-09-24","amount":95100,"count":52,"baseline":6951,"ratio":13.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701953/"]},{"id":"P15_E000297_dvwor","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,000 donation spike on 2025-06-23 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-06-23 this committee recorded $57,000 across 17 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,572.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701953","date":"2025-06-23","amount":57000,"count":17,"baseline":6572,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701953/"]},{"id":"P19_E000297_11ve4o","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adriano Espaillat campaign paid $2,191,974 to 30 surname-matched vendors, top: CASTILLO, ERIC","explanation":"Adriano Espaillat's campaign paid 182 disbursements totaling $2,191,974 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASTILLO, ERIC","total":455804.82,"count":45,"samples":[{"payee":"CASTILLO, ERIC","amount":14182.23,"date":"2022-09-30","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"castillo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"CASTILLO, ERIC","amount":13355.68,"date":"2025-09-30","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"castillo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"CASTILLO, ERIC","amount":12833.33,"date":"2022-08-25","description":"SALARY AND BENEFITS","surnameMatched":"castillo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON-ALVAREZ GROUP","total":406738.87,"count":30,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON-ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":25234,"date":"2016-02-22","description":"CONSULTING-RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"JACKSON-ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":20000,"date":"2006-08-15","description":"RESEARCH/COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES - PARTY","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"JACKSON-ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":20000,"date":"2018-04-10","description":"RESEARCH SERVICES","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE JACKSON-ALVAREZ GROUP","total":382345.8,"count":26,"samples":[{"payee":"THE JACKSON-ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":36998,"date":"2013-12-05","description":"PAC RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"THE JACKSON-ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":23616.09,"date":"2011-10-05","description":"PAC RESEARCH/CAR RENTAL/LODGING","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"THE JACKSON-ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":22000,"date":"2014-05-09","description":"PAC RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CASTILLO, HECTOR L DR.","total":199000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"CASTILLO, HECTOR L DR.","amount":134000,"date":"2020-03-30","description":"LOAN/DEBT PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"castillo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CASTILLO, HECTOR L DR.","amount":65000,"date":"2020-03-30","description":"LOAN/DEBT PAYMENT","surnameMatched":"castillo","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"THE MOLERA ALVAREZ GROUP","total":101499,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"THE MOLERA ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":31562,"date":"2006-09-20","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"THE MOLERA ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":16826,"date":"2006-10-06","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT FEES","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"THE MOLERA ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":11505,"date":"2006-05-03","description":"CAMPAIGN MANAGMENT CONSULTING FEES","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JACKSON ALVAREZ GROUP","total":91672.42,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"JACKSON ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":32000,"date":"2024-02-22","description":"RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":19419.92,"date":"2024-04-01","description":"NONFEDERAL CAMPAIGN RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"JACKSON ALVAREZ GROUP","amount":16500,"date":"2024-05-17","description":"NONFEDERAL RESEARCH","surnameMatched":"alvarez","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=CASTILLO"]},{"id":"P61_E000297","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $78,200","explanation":"Adriano Espaillat received campaign contributions totaling $78,200 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 11 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($23,200); TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO ($10,000); AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC. ($5,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($5,000); UNITE HERE! ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":78200,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":23200,"exact":false},{"donorName":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA AFL-CIO","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION","ldaClient":"AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_E000297","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $95,100 on 2023-09-24 (13.7× normal)","explanation":"Adriano Espaillat's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $95,100 on 2023-09-24 — 13.7× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":179650,"maxRatio":13.7,"maxAmount":95100},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-09-24","amount":95100,"ratio":13.7,"baselineDaily":6951,"count":52,"cmteId":"C00701953","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00701953&min_date=2023-09-24&max_date=2023-09-24"},{"source":"spike","date":"2014-03-31","amount":84550,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":7901,"count":74,"cmteId":"C00518365","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00518365&min_date=2014-03-31&max_date=2014-03-31"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701953/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00701953&min_date=2023-09-24&max_date=2023-09-24"]},{"id":"P148_E000297","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adriano Espaillat's PAC funding concentrates 66% in Technology ($0.10M / $0.15M classified)","explanation":"Adriano Espaillat's PAC donors concentrate 66% in the Technology industry — $0.10M of $0.15M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.10M · Labor $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Transportation $0.01M · Education $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.1,"totalPacAmountM":0.15,"concentrationPct":66.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.1,"Labor":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Transportation":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY13096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"B001259":[{"id":"P15_B001259_pxl68e","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,863 donation spike on 2013-09-27 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-27 this committee recorded $82,863 across 58 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,599.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541417","date":"2013-09-27","amount":82863,"count":58,"baseline":10599,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541417/"]},{"id":"P15_B001259_pxzuxh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,060 donation spike on 2013-11-25 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-11-25 this committee recorded $56,060 across 35 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,026.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00541417","date":"2013-11-25","amount":56060,"count":35,"baseline":7026,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00541417/"]},{"id":"P174_B001259","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bruce L. Braley has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bruce L. Braley triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001259"]},{"id":"P182_B001259_AccesstoFrontlineHea","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bruce L. Braley sponsored \"Access to Frontline Health Care Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Bruce L. Braley has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Access to Frontline Health Care Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001093":[{"id":"P15_C001093_nofql7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,050 donation spike on 2021-06-30 — 13.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-06-30 this committee recorded $115,050 across 50 contributions — 13.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,528.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544684","date":"2021-06-30","amount":115050,"count":50,"baseline":8528,"ratio":13.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544684/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_nohnjs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,529 donation spike on 2021-09-30 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-09-30 this committee recorded $101,529 across 66 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,465.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544684","date":"2021-09-30","amount":101529,"count":66,"baseline":7465,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544684/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_bcy3gg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,061 donation spike on 2025-08-22 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-22 this committee recorded $74,061 across 61 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,473.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544684","date":"2025-08-22","amount":74061,"count":61,"baseline":11473,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544684/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_bcy3et","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,914 donation spike on 2025-08-05 — 13.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-05 this committee recorded $59,914 across 79 contributions — 13.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,405.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544684","date":"2025-08-05","amount":59914,"count":79,"baseline":4405,"ratio":13.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544684/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_ydl5mp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$210,127 donation spike on 2020-08-29 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-29 this committee recorded $210,127 across 301 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,690.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736983","date":"2020-08-29","amount":210127,"count":301,"baseline":19690,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_ydmfl5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$178,155 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 11.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $178,155 across 163 contributions — 11.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,260.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736983","date":"2020-06-30","amount":178155,"count":163,"baseline":15260,"ratio":11.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_ydkin6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$110,270 donation spike on 2020-09-29 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-29 this committee recorded $110,270 across 278 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,769.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736983","date":"2020-09-29","amount":110270,"count":278,"baseline":16769,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_ydl5mu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,874 donation spike on 2020-08-24 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-24 this committee recorded $92,874 across 249 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,439.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736983","date":"2020-08-24","amount":92874,"count":249,"baseline":15439,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_ydocjp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,732 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $78,732 across 117 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,200.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736983","date":"2020-03-31","amount":78732,"count":117,"baseline":11200,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736983/"]},{"id":"P15_C001093_ydmfno","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,132 donation spike on 2020-06-02 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-02 this committee recorded $62,132 across 118 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,553.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00736983","date":"2020-06-02","amount":62132,"count":118,"baseline":6553,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00736983/"]},{"id":"P174_C001093","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doug Collins has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Doug Collins triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001093"]}],"B001289":[{"id":"P15_B001289_rlfyyo","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,150 donation spike on 2013-09-03 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-03 this committee recorded $51,150 across 56 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,368.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545673","date":"2013-09-03","amount":51150,"count":56,"baseline":7368,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545673/"]},{"id":"P15_B001289_5qngyv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$479,200 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 23.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $479,200 across 191 contributions — 23.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $20,026.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00697417","date":"2020-03-31","amount":479200,"count":191,"baseline":20026,"ratio":23.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00697417/"]},{"id":"P15_B001289_x1iq46","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,100 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 11.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $69,100 across 55 contributions — 11.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,132.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00697417","date":"2019-09-30","amount":69100,"count":55,"baseline":6132,"ratio":11.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00697417/"]},{"id":"P138_B001289","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bradley Byrne draws 63% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.7M PAC / $10.6M total)","explanation":"Bradley Byrne's FEC-bulk record shows 63% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.7M of $10.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.57,"pacSharePct":63.4,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H4AL01123"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AL01123/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000820":[{"id":"P15_W000820_l3ljel","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,900 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $53,900 across 39 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,080.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00546853","date":"2013-09-30","amount":53900,"count":39,"baseline":8080,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00546853/"]},{"id":"P138_W000820","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mimi Walters draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.2M PAC / $16.7M total)","explanation":"Mimi Walters's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.2M of $16.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.69,"pacSharePct":43.2,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H4CA45097"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA45097/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_W000820","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mimi Walters has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mimi Walters triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000820"]}],"G000352":[{"id":"P15_G000352_9wwmts","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$103,200 donation spike on 2016-04-26 — 15× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-04-26 this committee recorded $103,200 across 42 contributions — 15× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,901.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543249","date":"2016-04-26","amount":103200,"count":42,"baseline":6901,"ratio":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543249/"]},{"id":"P15_G000352_9wwmtr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,500 donation spike on 2016-04-25 — 22× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-04-25 this committee recorded $74,500 across 29 contributions — 22× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,393.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543249","date":"2016-04-25","amount":74500,"count":29,"baseline":3393,"ratio":22}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543249/"]},{"id":"P15_G000352_y4a7ub","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,950 donation spike on 2013-04-26 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-04-26 this committee recorded $55,950 across 64 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,127.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543249","date":"2013-04-26","amount":55950,"count":64,"baseline":7127,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543249/"]},{"id":"P15_G000352_jfsqny","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,860 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $54,860 across 85 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,430.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543249","date":"2014-09-30","amount":54860,"count":85,"baseline":7430,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543249/"]},{"id":"P15_G000352_y470vz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,445 donation spike on 2013-09-30 — 9.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-09-30 this committee recorded $54,445 across 102 contributions — 9.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,960.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00543249","date":"2013-09-30","amount":54445,"count":102,"baseline":5960,"ratio":9.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00543249/"]},{"id":"P174_G000352","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Graham has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bob Graham triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000352"]}],"J000296":[{"id":"P15_J000296_nobnuw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,150 donation spike on 2015-09-28 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-28 this committee recorded $50,150 across 45 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,281.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00551572","date":"2015-09-28","amount":50150,"count":45,"baseline":7281,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00551572/"]},{"id":"P138_J000296","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"David W. Jolly draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.9M PAC / $8.1M total)","explanation":"David W. Jolly's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.9M of $8.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.14,"pacSharePct":35.9,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H4FL13101"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4FL13101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_J000296","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David W. Jolly has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"David W. Jolly triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000296"]}],"Y000066":[{"id":"P15_Y000066_evcp23","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,100 donation spike on 2018-10-17 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-17 this committee recorded $63,100 across 41 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,391.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545616","date":"2018-10-17","amount":63100,"count":41,"baseline":9391,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545616/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000066_2ph3cx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,502 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $60,502 across 125 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,994.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545616","date":"2020-09-30","amount":60502,"count":125,"baseline":8994,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545616/"]},{"id":"P15_Y000066_ehvu0n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,025 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $54,025 across 31 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,734.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00545616","date":"2016-06-30","amount":54025,"count":31,"baseline":6734,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00545616/"]},{"id":"P138_Y000066","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Young draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.5M PAC / $21.2M total)","explanation":"David Young's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.5M of $21.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.53,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.18,"pacSharePct":40.3,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H4IA03115"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4IA03115/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_Y000066","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Young has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"David Young triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/Y000066"]}],"K000220":[{"id":"P15_K000220_momapm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$112,389 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $112,389 across 162 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,474.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544676","date":"2014-03-31","amount":112389,"count":162,"baseline":17474,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544676/"]},{"id":"P15_K000220_mokdte","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$104,902 donation spike on 2014-06-09 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-09 this committee recorded $104,902 across 61 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,198.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544676","date":"2014-06-09","amount":104902,"count":61,"baseline":14198,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544676/"]},{"id":"P15_K000220_momaqe","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,932 donation spike on 2014-03-24 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-24 this committee recorded $88,932 across 90 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,379.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544676","date":"2014-03-24","amount":88932,"count":90,"baseline":12379,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544676/"]},{"id":"P15_K000220_xo60yr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$88,628 donation spike on 2013-07-22 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-07-22 this committee recorded $88,628 across 94 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,516.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544676","date":"2013-07-22","amount":88628,"count":94,"baseline":12516,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544676/"]},{"id":"P15_K000220_xo5dze","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$76,273 donation spike on 2013-06-28 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-06-28 this committee recorded $76,273 across 90 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,998.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00544676","date":"2013-06-28","amount":76273,"count":90,"baseline":11998,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00544676/"]},{"id":"P15_K000220_qbz5ca","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$98,500 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $98,500 across 38 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,093.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00908624","date":"2025-09-30","amount":98500,"count":38,"baseline":10093,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00908624/"]},{"id":"P138_K000220","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jack Kingston draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.8M PAC / $19.7M total)","explanation":"Jack Kingston's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.8M of $19.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.75,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.67,"pacSharePct":44.5,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H2GA01157"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA01157/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000220","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Kingston has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jack Kingston triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000220"]}],"T000473":[{"id":"P15_T000473_4int5o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,538 donation spike on 2016-07-08 — 13.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-07-08 this committee recorded $60,538 across 34 contributions — 13.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,581.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548131","date":"2016-07-08","amount":60538,"count":34,"baseline":4581,"ratio":13.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548131/"]},{"id":"P15_T000473_j72qav","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,596 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $54,596 across 60 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,558.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548131","date":"2015-06-30","amount":54596,"count":60,"baseline":5558,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548131/"]},{"id":"P138_T000473","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Takai draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.1M PAC / $6.0M total)","explanation":"Mark Takai's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.1M of $6.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.1,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.03,"pacSharePct":34.8,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H4HI01134"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4HI01134/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_T000473","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Takai has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mark Takai triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000473"]}],"S001169":[{"id":"P15_S001169_nmiwzi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$634,060 donation spike on 2016-06-01 — 18.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-01 this committee recorded $634,060 across 329 contributions — 18.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $34,602.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465492","date":"2016-06-01","amount":634060,"count":329,"baseline":34602,"ratio":18.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465492/"]},{"id":"P15_S001169_wq6uu5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$279,223 donation spike on 2015-06-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-06-30 this committee recorded $279,223 across 325 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $28,571.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465492","date":"2015-06-30","amount":279223,"count":325,"baseline":28571,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465492/"]},{"id":"P15_S001169_3dcdfj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$187,500 donation spike on 2013-03-31 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-31 this committee recorded $187,500 across 94 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $17,702.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465492","date":"2013-03-31","amount":187500,"count":94,"baseline":17702,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465492/"]},{"id":"P15_S001169_3dcddx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,050 donation spike on 2013-03-15 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-03-15 this committee recorded $115,050 across 55 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,517.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465492","date":"2013-03-15","amount":115050,"count":55,"baseline":12517,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465492/"]},{"id":"P15_S001169_wq8rsq","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$102,296 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $102,296 across 268 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,496.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465492","date":"2015-09-30","amount":102296,"count":268,"baseline":10496,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465492/"]},{"id":"P15_S001169_wq67un","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,558 donation spike on 2015-05-31 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-05-31 this committee recorded $60,558 across 120 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,003.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00465492","date":"2015-05-31","amount":60558,"count":120,"baseline":8003,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00465492/"]},{"id":"P29_S001169_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SESTAK, Joe voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1608,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify and improve certain provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1606,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 5281) to "}],"citations":[]}],"J000297":[{"id":"P15_J000297_sitlks","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$208,776 donation spike on 2018-05-10 — 12.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-05-10 this committee recorded $208,776 across 90 contributions — 12.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,338.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548271","date":"2018-05-10","amount":208776,"count":90,"baseline":16338,"ratio":12.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548271/"]},{"id":"P15_J000297_u6qwck","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$158,532 donation spike on 2014-06-04 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-04 this committee recorded $158,532 across 143 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,062.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548271","date":"2014-06-04","amount":158532,"count":143,"baseline":12062,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548271/"]},{"id":"P15_J000297_due1fg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,350 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $101,350 across 84 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,750.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548271","date":"2017-03-31","amount":101350,"count":84,"baseline":7750,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548271/"]},{"id":"P15_J000297_u6st8n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,928 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $95,928 across 91 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,924.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548271","date":"2014-03-31","amount":95928,"count":91,"baseline":8924,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548271/"]},{"id":"P15_J000297_duhvcl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,100 donation spike on 2017-09-30 — 10.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-30 this committee recorded $73,100 across 44 contributions — 10.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,024.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548271","date":"2017-09-30","amount":73100,"count":44,"baseline":7024,"ratio":10.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548271/"]},{"id":"P15_J000297_q6g44a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,110 donation spike on 2013-12-31 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-31 this committee recorded $69,110 across 64 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,556.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548271","date":"2013-12-31","amount":69110,"count":64,"baseline":10556,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548271/"]},{"id":"P15_J000297_sisbnh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,650 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $58,650 across 35 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,378.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548271","date":"2018-03-31","amount":58650,"count":35,"baseline":9378,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548271/"]},{"id":"P15_J000297_u6ozd7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,850 donation spike on 2014-09-11 — 13.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-11 this committee recorded $56,850 across 61 contributions — 13.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,338.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00548271","date":"2014-09-11","amount":56850,"count":61,"baseline":4338,"ratio":13.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00548271/"]},{"id":"P138_J000297","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Evan H. Jenkins draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.4M PAC / $5.9M total)","explanation":"Evan H. Jenkins's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.4M of $5.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.87,"pacSharePct":41.7,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H4WV03070"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4WV03070/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_J000297","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Evan H. Jenkins has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Evan H. Jenkins triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000297"]}],"K000387":[{"id":"P15_K000387_5cvubf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,434 donation spike on 2018-09-11 — 10.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-11 this committee recorded $52,434 across 28 contributions — 10.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,970.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554014","date":"2018-09-11","amount":52434,"count":28,"baseline":4970,"ratio":10.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554014/"]},{"id":"P138_K000387","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stephen Knight draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.8M PAC / $10.1M total)","explanation":"Stephen Knight's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.8M of $10.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.05,"pacSharePct":47.9,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H4CA25123"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA25123/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_K000387","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen Knight executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY FNMA (18d apart)","explanation":"Stephen Knight has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY FNMA 2017-09-15 → 2017-10-03 (18d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"FNMA","days":18,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2017-09-15","date2":"2017-10-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"W000818":[{"id":"P15_W000818_5htjfc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$129,750 donation spike on 2014-03-31 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-03-31 this committee recorded $129,750 across 136 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,523.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550640","date":"2014-03-31","amount":129750,"count":136,"baseline":15523,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550640/"]},{"id":"P15_W000818_5hrmgs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$92,963 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 6.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $92,963 across 98 contributions — 6.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,210.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550640","date":"2014-06-30","amount":92963,"count":98,"baseline":14210,"ratio":6.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550640/"]},{"id":"P15_W000818_5hrmja","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,832 donation spike on 2014-06-03 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-03 this committee recorded $72,832 across 74 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,122.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550640","date":"2014-06-03","amount":72832,"count":74,"baseline":10122,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550640/"]},{"id":"P15_W000818_k5oo2d","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$53,125 donation spike on 2013-12-22 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2013-12-22 this committee recorded $53,125 across 93 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,150.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00550640","date":"2013-12-22","amount":53125,"count":93,"baseline":6150,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00550640/"]},{"id":"P174_W000818","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Walsh has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John E. Walsh triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000818"]}],"C001102":[{"id":"P15_C001102_zhuqrg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,698 donation spike on 2014-06-21 — 7.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-21 this committee recorded $62,698 across 36 contributions — 7.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,167.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554972","date":"2014-06-21","amount":62698,"count":36,"baseline":8167,"ratio":7.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554972/"]},{"id":"P29_C001102_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CLAWSON, Curt voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":2,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":8,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":4,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C001102","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Curt Clawson has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Curt Clawson triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001102"]}],"C001106":[{"id":"P15_C001106_lb5ipa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,600 donation spike on 2014-05-19 — 11.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-05-19 this committee recorded $73,600 across 36 contributions — 11.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,162.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554899","date":"2014-05-19","amount":73600,"count":36,"baseline":6162,"ratio":11.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554899/"]},{"id":"P89_C001106","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ryan A. Costello (left 2019) registered as LDA lobbyist — 2 clients across 2 filings","explanation":"Ryan A. Costello left Congress in 2019 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $040000.0040000.00 from 2 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: VAPOR TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION, T-MOBILE USA, INC..","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2019,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"040000.0040000.00","clientCount":2,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["VAPOR TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION","T-MOBILE USA, INC."],"sampleFirms":["RYAN COSTELLO STRATEGIES"],"filings":2,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Ryan%20A.%20Costello"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Ryan%20A.%20Costello","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_C001106","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ryan A. Costello draws 56% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $12.6M total)","explanation":"Ryan A. Costello's FEC-bulk record shows 56% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $12.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.07,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.58,"pacSharePct":56.2,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H0PA06076"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0PA06076/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001105":[{"id":"P15_C001105_q1zwd4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$124,750 donation spike on 2014-09-30 — 7.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-09-30 this committee recorded $124,750 across 126 contributions — 7.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,546.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2014-09-30","amount":124750,"count":126,"baseline":16546,"ratio":7.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P15_C001105_fmff33","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$100,117 donation spike on 2016-03-31 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-31 this committee recorded $100,117 across 115 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,937.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2016-03-31","amount":100117,"count":115,"baseline":9937,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P15_C001105_uatpb4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,150 donation spike on 2015-03-31 — 10× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-31 this committee recorded $97,150 across 85 contributions — 10× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,707.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2015-03-31","amount":97150,"count":85,"baseline":9707,"ratio":10}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P15_C001105_fmdi4j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$81,400 donation spike on 2016-06-30 — 8.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-06-30 this committee recorded $81,400 across 72 contributions — 8.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,351.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2016-06-30","amount":81400,"count":72,"baseline":9351,"ratio":8.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P15_C001105_xhz98","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,300 donation spike on 2017-12-31 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-31 this committee recorded $71,300 across 40 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,437.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2017-12-31","amount":71300,"count":40,"baseline":6437,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P15_C001105_uaajpa","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,175 donation spike on 2015-12-31 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-12-31 this committee recorded $71,175 across 70 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,754.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2015-12-31","amount":71175,"count":70,"baseline":9754,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P15_C001105_fmbl5y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,092 donation spike on 2016-09-30 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-30 this committee recorded $70,092 across 86 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,160.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2016-09-30","amount":70092,"count":86,"baseline":8160,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P15_C001105_uatpb5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,400 donation spike on 2015-03-30 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-03-30 this committee recorded $62,400 across 26 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,374.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2015-03-30","amount":62400,"count":26,"baseline":6374,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P15_C001105_q1xzej","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,399 donation spike on 2014-06-30 — 8.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-06-30 this committee recorded $60,399 across 54 contributions — 8.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,350.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00554261","date":"2014-06-30","amount":60399,"count":54,"baseline":7350,"ratio":8.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00554261/"]},{"id":"P37_C001105_MA_20180924","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of MA in 2018-Q3 while FTI GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS ON BEHALF OF MASTERCARD had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Barbara Comstock executed a sell in MA during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (FTI GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS ON BEHALF OF MASTERCARD, MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-09-24","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["FTI GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS ON BEHALF OF MASTERCARD","MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001105_MA_20180607","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of MA in 2018-Q2 while FTI GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS ON BEHALF OF MASTERCARD had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Barbara Comstock executed a buy in MA during 2018-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (FTI GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS ON BEHALF OF MASTERCARD, MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-06-07","quarter":"2018-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q2","matchedClients":["FTI GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS ON BEHALF OF MASTERCARD","MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED","MASTERCARD WORLDWIDE"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001105_AMZN_20180309","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AMZN in 2018-Q1 while AMAZON WEB SERVICES had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Barbara Comstock executed a buy in AMZN during 2018-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (AMAZON WEB SERVICES, AMAZON CORPORATE LLC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-03-09","quarter":"2018-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q1","matchedClients":["AMAZON WEB SERVICES","AMAZON CORPORATE LLC","AMAZON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001105_AAPL_20171218","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2017-Q4 while TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Barbara Comstock executed a buy in AAPL during 2017-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA, APPLETON LUFF). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-12-18","quarter":"2017-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q4","matchedClients":["TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","APPLETON LUFF","APPLE, INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001105_AAPL_20170706","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2017-Q3 while APPLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Barbara Comstock executed a buy in AAPL during 2017-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE, INC., APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-06","quarter":"2017-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q3","matchedClients":["APPLE, INC.","APPVION INC (FORMERLY KNOWN AS APPLETON PAPERS INC )","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P49_C001105_2017-10-11_Technology","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAPL 1 day after a Technology floor speech","explanation":"Barbara Comstock delivered a 221-word floor speech on 2017-10-11 that the classifier tagged Technology sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 2105. When I travel around my district, which is rich with technology workers, the thing that I hear repeated concern about is the increasing need for indi- vidu…\"). The member buy $AAPL (a Technology-sector stock) 1 day after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-10-11","chamber":"House","wordCount":221,"sector":"Technology","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 2105. When I travel around my district, which is rich with technology workers, the thing that I hear repeated concern about is the increasing need for indi- vidu","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/11/CREC-2017-10-11-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-12"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","sector":"Technology","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-12"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/11/CREC-2017-10-11-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P138_C001105","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara Comstock draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.3M PAC / $30.5M total)","explanation":"Barbara Comstock's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.3M of $30.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.34,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.47,"pacSharePct":30.6,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H4VA10089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4VA10089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_C001105","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara Comstock executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY AAPL (16d apart)","explanation":"Barbara Comstock has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY AAPL 2016-12-12 → 2016-12-28 (16d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"AAPL","days":16,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2016-12-12","date2":"2016-12-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_C001105_2017-10-12","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara Comstock — 10 trades on 2017-10-12","explanation":"Barbara Comstock disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-10-12). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-10-12","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001105","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Comstock — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (85/85)","explanation":"Barbara Comstock's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":85,"atBracket":85,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001105","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara Comstock — 44 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Barbara Comstock has traded 44 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":44,"sample":["FB","MA","AMZN","AAPL","CIBR","VUG","PANW","INTC","IGIB","EMB"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001105_AAPL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara Comstock — 11 disclosed trades in single ticker AAPL","explanation":"Barbara Comstock traded AAPL on 11 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AAPL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AAPL","count":11}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"A000374":[{"id":"P15_A000374_ntxqcu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,000 donation spike on 2017-06-14 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-14 this committee recorded $51,000 across 41 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,129.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00563940","date":"2017-06-14","amount":51000,"count":41,"baseline":7129,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00563940/"]},{"id":"P138_A000374","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ralph Lee Abraham draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.8M PAC / $5.0M total)","explanation":"Ralph Lee Abraham's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.8M of $5.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5,"pacSharePct":36.4,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H4LA05221"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4LA05221/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_A000374","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ralph Lee Abraham has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ralph Lee Abraham triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000374"]}],"D000355":[{"id":"P15_D000355_mvtxc3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,500 donation spike on 2016-03-30 — 16.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-30 this committee recorded $55,500 across 55 contributions — 16.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,295.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00558213","date":"2016-03-30","amount":55500,"count":55,"baseline":3295,"ratio":16.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00558213/"]},{"id":"P22_D000355_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member John D. Dingell cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BX","date":"2014-12-05","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":2,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_D000355_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member John D. Dingell cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","date":"2014-12-05","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":4,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_D000355","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John D. Dingell draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.6M PAC / $19.5M total)","explanation":"John D. Dingell's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.6M of $19.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.56,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.5,"pacSharePct":54.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4MI12079"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MI12079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001293":[{"id":"P15_B001293_1xnemi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$68,875 donation spike on 2014-07-16 — 10.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2014-07-16 this committee recorded $68,875 across 91 contributions — 10.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,755.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00561001","date":"2014-07-16","amount":68875,"count":91,"baseline":6755,"ratio":10.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00561001/"]},{"id":"P15_B001293_adu8gj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,500 donation spike on 2018-09-28 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-28 this committee recorded $57,500 across 37 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,107.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00561001","date":"2018-09-28","amount":57500,"count":37,"baseline":8107,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00561001/"]},{"id":"P15_B001293_ady2do","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,700 donation spike on 2018-03-29 — 12.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-29 this committee recorded $50,700 across 47 contributions — 12.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,025.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00561001","date":"2018-03-29","amount":50700,"count":47,"baseline":4025,"ratio":12.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00561001/"]},{"id":"P138_B001293","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Bishop draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.4M PAC / $12.3M total)","explanation":"Mike Bishop's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.4M of $12.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.29,"pacSharePct":52.1,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H4MI08135"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MI08135/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001193":[{"id":"P15_M001193_y2x0cb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,250 donation spike on 2016-09-16 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-16 this committee recorded $50,250 across 46 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,002.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00557520","date":"2016-09-16","amount":50250,"count":46,"baseline":7002,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00557520/"]},{"id":"P17_M001193_LIN_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought LIN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-11-05, 5 members took the same direction on LIN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LIN","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LIN","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001193_BLK_2018-07-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BLK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-07-24 and 2018-07-26, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on BLK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","date":"2018-07-24","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BLK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"}],"span":"2018-07-24 to 2018-07-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001193_CL_2016-10-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-10-11 and 2016-10-14, 3 members took the same direction on CL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CL","date":"2016-10-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000461","name":"Bill Flores"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"}],"span":"2016-10-11 to 2016-10-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001193_PM_2018-12-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold PM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-12-10 and 2018-12-17, 4 members took the same direction on PM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PM","date":"2018-12-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PM","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"M001180","name":"David B. McKinley"}],"span":"2018-12-10 to 2018-12-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001193_PX_2018-10-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 members bought PX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-10-30 and 2018-10-31, 5 members took the same direction on PX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PX","date":"2018-10-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PX","memberCount":5,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"C001047","name":"Shelley Moore Capito"},{"bioguideId":"C001035","name":"Susan Collins"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2018-10-30 to 2018-10-31"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001193_MDT_2015-01-21","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought MDT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-21 and 2015-01-27, 4 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on MDT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2015-01-21","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MDT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2015-01-21 to 2015-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001193_MDT_2015-01-27","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought MDT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-27 and 2015-01-27, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on MDT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MDT","date":"2015-01-27","action":"BUY","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"MDT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000595","name":"Gary Peters"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"}],"span":"2015-01-27 to 2015-01-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001193_LOGM_2017-02-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LOGM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-02-01 and 2017-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on LOGM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOGM","date":"2017-02-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LOGM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000608","name":"Jacky Rosen"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"R000570","name":"Paul D. Ryan"}],"span":"2017-02-01 to 2017-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_M001193_PCP_2015-01-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold PCP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-01-12 and 2015-01-16, 3 members took the same direction on PCP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PCP","date":"2015-01-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"PCP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2015-01-12 to 2015-01-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_M001193_wh4zt","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 4 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur sits on committees overseeing Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance, Real Estate and traded 4 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"ACN","date":"2018-11-15","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":15822726.309999999,"agencies":["Department of Energy"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"IT","date":"2015-05-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":1883692.3399999999,"agencies":["Department of Energy"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2015-01-28","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"URI","date":"2015-01-12","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":104508.9,"agencies":["Department of the Treasury"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P23_M001193_njfdjg","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"41 trades in INTC (Technology) — 2% of this member's 2402 total trades","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"INTC","count":41,"buys":30,"sells":11,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2015-01-09","lastDate":"2018-12-03"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"NEE","count":35,"buys":22,"sells":13,"sector":"Energy","firstDate":"2015-01-12","lastDate":"2018-12-17"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"IWD","count":33,"buys":25,"sells":8,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-01-30","lastDate":"2018-12-24"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"VEA","count":31,"buys":29,"sells":2,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2015-01-30","lastDate":"2018-12-28"},{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"MSFT","count":30,"buys":20,"sells":10,"sector":"Technology","firstDate":"2015-01-09","lastDate":"2018-12-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_M001193","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 3 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur sits on committees regulating Defense, Energy, Oil & Gas, Finance, Real Estate and actively trades in Energy, Finance, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Defense","Energy","Oil & Gas","Finance","Real Estate"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":153},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":59},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":8}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_M001193_CVX_20181226","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of CVX in 2018-Q4 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a sell in CVX during 2018-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2018-12-26","quarter":"2018-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q4","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON U.S.A. INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_JNJ_20180724","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2018-Q3 while JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a buy in JNJ during 2018-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC., JOHNSON OUTDOORS, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-24","quarter":"2018-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2018-Q3","matchedClients":["JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.","JOHNSON OUTDOORS, INC.","JOHNSON MATTHEY INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_JNJ_20170728","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2017-Q3 while JOHNSON MATTHEY INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a buy in JNJ during 2017-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON MATTHEY INC., JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-28","quarter":"2017-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q3","matchedClients":["JOHNSON MATTHEY INC.","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES, INC.","S.C. JOHNSON & SON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_LMT_20170728","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of LMT in 2017-Q3 while LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a buy in LMT during 2017-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR, LOCKHEED MARTIN). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-07-28","quarter":"2017-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q3","matchedClients":["LOCKHEED MARTIN AERONAUTIC SECTOR","LOCKHEED MARTIN","LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_JNJ_20170613","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of JNJ in 2017-Q2 while JOHNSON MATTHEY INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a buy in JNJ during 2017-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON MATTHEY INC., JOHNSON CONTROLS INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-06-13","quarter":"2017-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q2","matchedClients":["JOHNSON MATTHEY INC.","JOHNSON CONTROLS INC","S.C. JOHNSON & SON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_XOM_20170127","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of XOM in 2017-Q1 while HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a sell in XOM during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL), EXXON MOBIL CORP). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-27","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL)","EXXON MOBIL CORP","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_CVX_20170112","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of CVX in 2017-Q1 while CHEVRON U.S.A., INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a buy in CVX during 2017-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (CHEVRON U.S.A., INC., CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVX","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2017-01-12","quarter":"2017-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2017-Q1","matchedClients":["CHEVRON U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON, U.S.A., INC.","CHEVRON"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_XOM_20160509","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of XOM in 2016-Q2 while HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL) had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a buy in XOM during 2016-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL), EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2016-05-09","quarter":"2016-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q2","matchedClients":["HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP (FORMERLY HUNTON & WILLIAMS LLP BEHALF OF EXXON MOBIL)","EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION","EXXONMOBIL CORPORATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_UNH_20160202","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of UNH in 2016-Q1 while UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a sell in UNH during 2016-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC, UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2016-02-02","quarter":"2016-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2016-Q1","matchedClients":["UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP, INC.","UNITEDHEALTH GROUP"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_JNJ_20150818","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of JNJ in 2015-Q3 while JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a sell in JNJ during 2015-Q3, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC, SEYMOUR JOHNSON AFB MILLITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-08-18","quarter":"2015-Q3"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q3","matchedClients":["JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC","SEYMOUR JOHNSON AFB MILLITARY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_M001193_BA_20150109","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of BA in 2015-Q1 while THE BOEING COMPANY had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed a sell in BA during 2015-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (THE BOEING COMPANY, BOEING COMPANY). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-09","quarter":"2015-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q1","matchedClients":["THE BOEING COMPANY","BOEING COMPANY","BOEING"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P49_M001193_2018-07-24_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $BLK on the same day as a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur delivered a 273-word floor speech on 2018-07-24 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I spent about 30 years in the insurance industry. A good deal of that time, I worked on this program. I know it, I would guess, better than anyone here, and I know what it does for people…\"). The member sell $BLK (a Finance-sector stock) on the same day as the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-07-24","chamber":"House","wordCount":273,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I spent about 30 years in the insurance industry. A good deal of that time, I worked on this program. I know it, I would guess, better than anyone here, and I know what it does for people","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/07/24/164/124/CREC-2018-07-24-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BLK","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-07-24"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/07/24/164/124/CREC-2018-07-24-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_M001193_2015-12-01_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $SLB 1 day after a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur delivered a 458-word floor speech on 2015-12-01 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, the North American Energy Security and Infrastructure Act does some impor- tant things to move us into the 21st century with our energy policy. It ad- vances modernization, reliability, sec…\"). The member sell $SLB (a Energy-sector stock) 1 day after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-12-01","chamber":"House","wordCount":458,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, the North American Energy Security and Infrastructure Act does some impor- tant things to move us into the 21st century with our energy policy. It ad- vances modernization, reliability, sec","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/12/01/161/173/CREC-2015-12-01-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-22"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"WMB","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-16"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-02"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"SLB","sector":"Energy","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2015-12-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/12/01/161/173/CREC-2015-12-01-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_M001193_2015-05-26","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"217 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2015-05-26 — 200 unique tickers","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur executed 217 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2015-05-26 to 2015-06-02), spanning 200 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2015-05-26","windowEnd":"2015-06-02","tradeCount":217,"uniqueTickers":200,"totalDisclosedTrades":2402,"sampleTickers":["SPLK","CFFN","HZNP","FL","MEG","WLL","DATA","RCPT","DXCM","INFA"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P140_M001193","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas MacArthur disclosed 147 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 37 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY XLE $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur has filed 147 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 37 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY XLE $250,001 - $500,000 on 2018-12-26 · SELL CVX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-26 · SELL SU $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-26 · SELL VWO $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-24.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":147,"veryHighCount":37,"lowerBoundSum":22750147,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"XLE","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-26","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"CVX","action":"SELL","date":"2018-12-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SU","action":"SELL","date":"2018-12-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VWO","action":"SELL","date":"2018-12-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"IEMG","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-24","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"VTV","action":"BUY","date":"2018-12-24","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_M001193","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas MacArthur executed 198 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL VB (15d apart)","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur has 198 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL VB 2015-03-03 → 2015-03-18 (15d) · BUY→SELL VB 2016-12-29 → 2017-01-09 (11d) · BUY→SELL VOE 2015-03-03 → 2015-03-18 (15d) · BUY→SELL VOE 2016-12-29 → 2017-01-09 (11d) · SELL→BUY VEA 2015-12-16 → 2015-12-28 (12d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":198,"samples":[{"ticker":"VB","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-03-03","date2":"2015-03-18","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VB","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-12-29","date2":"2017-01-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VOE","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-03-03","date2":"2015-03-18","amount1":"$50,001 - $100,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VOE","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-12-29","date2":"2017-01-09","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"VEA","days":12,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-12-16","date2":"2015-12-28","amount1":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"RSP","days":3,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-05-29","date2":"2018-06-01","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"RSP","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-06-01","date2":"2018-06-26","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SU","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-12-10","date2":"2018-12-26","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_M001193_2015-05-27","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas MacArthur — 195 trades on 2015-05-27","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur disclosed 195 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2015-05-27). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2015-05-27","count":195}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_M001193","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas MacArthur — 98% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (2365/2402)","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 98% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":2402,"atBracket":2365,"pct":"98.5"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_M001193","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas MacArthur — 613 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur has traded 613 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":613,"sample":["IBKR","PM","NXPI","VB","VOE","VEA","RSP","SU","CVX","STI"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_M001193_INTC","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas MacArthur — 41 disclosed trades in single ticker INTC","explanation":"Thomas MacArthur traded INTC on 41 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the INTC trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"INTC","count":41}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"E000290":[{"id":"P15_E000290_d0mb1v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$268,174 donation spike on 2016-05-05 — 12.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-05-05 this committee recorded $268,174 across 131 contributions — 12.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $21,491.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574145","date":"2016-05-05","amount":268174,"count":131,"baseline":21491,"ratio":12.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574145/"]},{"id":"P15_E000290_roy19c","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,853 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 9.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $61,853 across 81 contributions — 9.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,477.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00574145","date":"2015-09-30","amount":61853,"count":81,"baseline":6477,"ratio":9.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00574145/"]},{"id":"P15_E000290_7rokhi","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$120,155 donation spike on 2022-09-29 — 13.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-09-29 this committee recorded $120,155 across 58 contributions — 13.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,626.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00801290","date":"2022-09-29","amount":120155,"count":58,"baseline":8626,"ratio":13.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00801290/"]},{"id":"P29_E000290_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"EDWARDS, Donna F. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"}],"citations":[]}],"L000552":[{"id":"P15_L000552_n2m3a9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,000 donation spike on 2023-03-23 — 15× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-03-23 this committee recorded $51,000 across 17 contributions — 15× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,402.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575050","date":"2023-03-23","amount":51000,"count":17,"baseline":3402,"ratio":15}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575050/"]},{"id":"P15_L000552_6a6h6m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,128 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 8.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $50,128 across 39 contributions — 8.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,602.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00575050","date":"2025-03-31","amount":50128,"count":39,"baseline":5602,"ratio":8.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575050/"]},{"id":"P174_L000552","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ray LaHood has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ray LaHood triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000552"]}],"K000388":[{"id":"P15_K000388_rex9et","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,600 donation spike on 2023-05-12 — 16.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-05-12 this committee recorded $65,600 across 24 contributions — 16.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,048.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573980","date":"2023-05-12","amount":65600,"count":24,"baseline":4048,"ratio":16.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573980/"]},{"id":"P15_K000388_e9cb4m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,675 donation spike on 2025-08-29 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-08-29 this committee recorded $56,675 across 42 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,089.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00573980","date":"2025-08-29","amount":56675,"count":42,"baseline":5089,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573980/"]},{"id":"P19_K000388_f5psmn","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Trent Kelly campaign paid $26,109,109 to 33 surname-matched vendors, top: GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","explanation":"Trent Kelly's campaign paid 126 disbursements totaling $26,109,109 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","total":12894540.570000002,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":6155860.02,"date":"2020-12-04","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":2079928.51,"date":"2020-12-11","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"GEORGIANS FOR KELLY LOEFFLER","amount":1889366.58,"date":"2020-12-16","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":272672.61,"date":"2016-08-01","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":269370.66,"date":"2016-10-27","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","amount":249489.71,"date":"2016-09-21","description":"BENEFITS COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","total":1782400,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":584400,"date":"2016-03-21","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":300000,"date":"2016-03-04","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"KELLY SCOTT MADISON, INC.","amount":284000,"date":"2016-03-09","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":623083.89,"date":"2004-09-24","description":"DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":484503.17,"date":"2004-12-09","description":"MAILING COST","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","amount":449855.22,"date":"2005-08-05","description":"GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","total":1500000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","amount":1250000,"date":"2021-01-24","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"LOEFFLER, KELLY","amount":250000,"date":"2021-04-14","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"kelly","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRONT PAGE PRODUCTIONS","total":1300070.18,"count":25,"samples":[{"payee":"FRONT PAGE PRODUCTIONS","amount":316000,"date":"2004-07-20","description":"TRANSPORTATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"page","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FRONT PAGE PRODUCTIONS","amount":235026.76,"date":"2004-08-26","description":"TRAVEL","surnameMatched":"page","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"FRONT PAGE PRODUCTIONS","amount":80000,"date":"2004-11-22","description":"TRAVEL - EXPENSE","surnameMatched":"page","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=GEORGIANS%20FOR%20KELLY%20LOEFFLER"]},{"id":"P61_K000388","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $106,000","explanation":"Trent Kelly received campaign contributions totaling $106,000 from 17 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 16 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); GENERAL ATOMICS ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); LEGO SYSTEMS INC ($8,000); L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":17,"totalDollars":106000,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"GENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"GENERAL ATOMICS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"BAE SYSTEMS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (BAE SYSTEMS USA PAC)","ldaClient":"LEGO SYSTEMS INC","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_K000388","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $65,600 on 2023-05-12 (16.2× normal)","explanation":"Trent Kelly's campaign committee received 2 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $65,600 on 2023-05-12 — 16.2× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":2,"totalSpikeDollars":122275,"maxRatio":16.2,"maxAmount":65600},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-05-12","amount":65600,"ratio":16.2,"baselineDaily":4048,"count":24,"cmteId":"C00573980","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573980&min_date=2023-05-12&max_date=2023-05-12"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-08-29","amount":56675,"ratio":11.1,"baselineDaily":5089,"count":42,"cmteId":"C00573980","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573980&min_date=2025-08-29&max_date=2025-08-29"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00573980/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00573980&min_date=2023-05-12&max_date=2023-05-12"]},{"id":"P90_K000388","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Trent Kelly's campaign paid $6,542,420 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP ($3,793,573)","explanation":"Trent Kelly's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 29 payments totaling $6,542,420 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP ($3,793,573 across 20 payments, services: BENEFITS COST · BENEFITS-MED/DENT). Cycles covered: 2012, 2016, 2018, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":6542420.030000001,"paymentCount":29,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"KELLY & ASSOCIATES INSURANCE GROUP","total":3793573.2199999997,"count":20,"descriptions":["BENEFITS COST","BENEFITS-MED/DENT"]},{"payee":"KELLY PRESS","total":1740775.81,"count":4,"descriptions":["DIRECT MAIL PRINTING","MAILING COST","GENERIC DIRECT MAIL PRODUCTION"]},{"payee":"COOPER, KELLY","total":400000,"count":2,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"DORAN, KELLY","total":250000,"count":1,"descriptions":["LOAN FORGIVENESS"]},{"payee":"SCOTT & MADISON, KELLY","total":198071,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY"]}],"surname":"kelly"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6MS01131&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_K000388","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Trent Kelly draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.0M PAC / $12.4M total)","explanation":"Trent Kelly's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.0M of $12.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.37,"pacSharePct":48.6,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6MS01131"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MS01131/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000625":[{"id":"P15_D000625_k8yuhm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,000 donation spike on 2017-12-23 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-12-23 this committee recorded $54,000 across 21 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,875.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00571869","date":"2017-12-23","amount":54000,"count":21,"baseline":6875,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00571869/"]},{"id":"P138_D000625","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Daniel M. Donovan draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.8M PAC / $9.2M total)","explanation":"Daniel M. Donovan's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.8M of $9.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.75,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.22,"pacSharePct":40.7,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H6NY11174"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY11174/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_D000625","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel M. Donovan has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Daniel M. Donovan triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000625"]}],"F000464":[{"id":"P15_F000464_9pzj2j","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$97,875 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 8.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $97,875 across 95 contributions — 8.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,778.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00580415","date":"2015-09-30","amount":97875,"count":95,"baseline":11778,"ratio":8.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580415/"]},{"id":"P15_F000464_h9jmkf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$95,368 donation spike on 2018-10-17 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-10-17 this committee recorded $95,368 across 168 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,212.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00580415","date":"2018-10-17","amount":95368,"count":168,"baseline":14212,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580415/"]},{"id":"P15_F000464_oedtak","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$94,750 donation spike on 2016-09-30 — 7.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-09-30 this committee recorded $94,750 across 119 contributions — 7.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,170.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00580415","date":"2016-09-30","amount":94750,"count":119,"baseline":12170,"ratio":7.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580415/"]},{"id":"P15_F000464_vydvf4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,050 donation spike on 2017-06-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-06-30 this committee recorded $50,050 across 41 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,764.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00580415","date":"2017-06-30","amount":50050,"count":41,"baseline":6764,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00580415/"]},{"id":"P174_F000464","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Faso has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John J. Faso triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000464"]}],"H001030":[{"id":"P15_H001030_5o8tk6","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,560 donation spike on 2016-08-29 — 9.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-29 this committee recorded $50,560 across 40 contributions — 9.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,523.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578880","date":"2016-08-29","amount":50560,"count":40,"baseline":5523,"ratio":9.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578880/"]},{"id":"P138_H001030","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Baron P. Hill draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.5M PAC / $22.0M total)","explanation":"Baron P. Hill's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.5M of $22.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.04,"pacSharePct":52.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H8IN09032"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IN09032/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000558":[{"id":"P15_R000558_xkqzqj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$77,036 donation spike on 2018-06-28 — 15.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-28 this committee recorded $77,036 across 42 contributions — 15.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,036.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00597724","date":"2018-06-28","amount":77036,"count":42,"baseline":5036,"ratio":15.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00597724/"]},{"id":"P174_R000558","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leo J. Ryan has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Leo J. Ryan triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000558"]},{"id":"P200_R000558","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leo J. Ryan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Leo J. Ryan began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000558","https://www.congress.gov/member/leo-j-ryan/R000558"]}],"S000030":[{"id":"P15_S000030_two4pp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$89,495 donation spike on 2015-09-30 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2015-09-30 this committee recorded $89,495 across 61 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,756.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578344","date":"2015-09-30","amount":89495,"count":61,"baseline":7756,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578344/"]},{"id":"P15_S000030_qg2a1n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,985 donation spike on 2016-08-25 — 11.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-08-25 this committee recorded $73,985 across 55 contributions — 11.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,382.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578344","date":"2016-08-25","amount":73985,"count":55,"baseline":6382,"ratio":11.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578344/"]},{"id":"P15_S000030_qg4721","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,450 donation spike on 2016-05-02 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-05-02 this committee recorded $58,450 across 29 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,319.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578344","date":"2016-05-02","amount":58450,"count":29,"baseline":8319,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578344/"]},{"id":"P15_S000030_qg5h0a","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$54,500 donation spike on 2016-03-10 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2016-03-10 this committee recorded $54,500 across 26 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,329.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00578344","date":"2016-03-10","amount":54500,"count":26,"baseline":7329,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00578344/"]},{"id":"P29_S000030_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SANCHEZ, Loretta voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":12,"peerNay":12,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":2,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000030","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Loretta Sanchez has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Loretta Sanchez triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000030"]},{"id":"P182_S000030_STALKERSActof2010","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Loretta Sanchez sponsored \"STALKERS Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Loretta Sanchez has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"STALKERS Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"J000303":[{"id":"P15_J000303_myqib0","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,000 donation spike on 2018-11-06 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-11-06 this committee recorded $55,000 across 10 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,490.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00611269","date":"2018-11-06","amount":55000,"count":10,"baseline":7490,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00611269/"]},{"id":"P174_J000303","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brenda Jones has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Brenda Jones triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000303"]}],"J000177":[{"id":"P15_J000177_e1jfih","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$272,050 donation spike on 2025-03-31 — 13.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-03-31 this committee recorded $272,050 across 93 contributions — 13.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $19,899.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00628917","date":"2025-03-31","amount":272050,"count":93,"baseline":19899,"ratio":13.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/"]},{"id":"P15_J000177_fapzcm","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$148,100 donation spike on 2023-12-21 — 12.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-12-21 this committee recorded $148,100 across 67 contributions — 12.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,008.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00628917","date":"2023-12-21","amount":148100,"count":67,"baseline":12008,"ratio":12.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/"]},{"id":"P15_J000177_qd3miv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$110,300 donation spike on 2021-05-13 — 11.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-05-13 this committee recorded $110,300 across 131 contributions — 11.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,572.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00628917","date":"2021-05-13","amount":110300,"count":131,"baseline":9572,"ratio":11.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/"]},{"id":"P15_J000177_fb5y1m","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$73,200 donation spike on 2023-08-13 — 11.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-08-13 this committee recorded $73,200 across 54 contributions — 11.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,599.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00628917","date":"2023-08-13","amount":73200,"count":54,"baseline":6599,"ratio":11.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/"]},{"id":"P15_J000177_tznf6f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,475 donation spike on 2022-03-23 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-23 this committee recorded $72,475 across 80 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,804.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00628917","date":"2022-03-23","amount":72475,"count":80,"baseline":7804,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/"]},{"id":"P15_J000177_mr0sf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,767 donation spike on 2024-09-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-30 this committee recorded $67,767 across 72 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,436.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00628917","date":"2024-09-30","amount":67767,"count":72,"baseline":8436,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/"]},{"id":"P15_J000177_mu7rr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$65,250 donation spike on 2024-04-11 — 7.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-11 this committee recorded $65,250 across 61 contributions — 7.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,963.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00628917","date":"2024-04-11","amount":65250,"count":61,"baseline":8963,"ratio":7.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/"]},{"id":"P15_J000177_e1isi9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,300 donation spike on 2025-02-27 — 6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-02-27 this committee recorded $63,300 across 53 contributions — 6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,638.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00628917","date":"2025-02-27","amount":63300,"count":53,"baseline":10638,"ratio":6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00628917/"]},{"id":"P138_J000177","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Johnson draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.5M PAC / $35.2M total)","explanation":"Tim Johnson's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.5M of $35.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.16,"pacSharePct":41.2,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"S6SD00051"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6SD00051/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001077":[{"id":"P15_C001077_fwn23n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$60,300 donation spike on 2017-03-31 — 7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-03-31 this committee recorded $60,300 across 28 contributions — 7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,643.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629287","date":"2017-03-31","amount":60300,"count":28,"baseline":8643,"ratio":7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629287/"]},{"id":"P15_C001077_186uxr","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$59,770 donation spike on 2018-06-26 — 8.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-06-26 this committee recorded $59,770 across 40 contributions — 8.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,112.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00629287","date":"2018-06-26","amount":59770,"count":40,"baseline":7112,"ratio":8.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00629287/"]},{"id":"P29_C001077_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COFFMAN, Mike voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_C001077","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Coffman draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.0M PAC / $35.9M total)","explanation":"Mike Coffman's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.0M of $35.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.88,"pacSharePct":30.8,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H8CO06138"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CO06138/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_C001077","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Coffman has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mike Coffman triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001077"]}],"B001224":[{"id":"P15_B001224_qco9ni","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$205,073 donation spike on 2024-09-15 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-15 this committee recorded $205,073 across 185 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $30,671.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00638767","date":"2024-09-15","amount":205073,"count":185,"baseline":30671,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00638767/"]},{"id":"P29_B001224_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MO D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BUSH, Cori voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Improving Federal Building Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B001224","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cori Bush has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Cori Bush triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001224"]}],"K000305":[{"id":"P15_K000305_d1a62o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,655 donation spike on 2018-08-14 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-08-14 this committee recorded $62,655 across 45 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,923.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00647164","date":"2018-08-14","amount":62655,"count":45,"baseline":5923,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00647164/"]},{"id":"P174_K000305","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Herb Kohl has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Herb Kohl triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000305"]},{"id":"P181_K000305","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Herb Kohl — 98 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Herb Kohl sponsored 98 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":98}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C000830":[{"id":"P15_C000830_srzq71","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,996 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $71,996 across 124 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $11,462.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648956","date":"2020-06-30","amount":71996,"count":124,"baseline":11462,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648956/"]},{"id":"P15_C000830_srxt8h","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$57,125 donation spike on 2020-03-31 — 6.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-03-31 this committee recorded $57,125 across 92 contributions — 6.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,465.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648956","date":"2020-03-31","amount":57125,"count":92,"baseline":8465,"ratio":6.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648956/"]},{"id":"P15_C000830_a0aat5","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,160 donation spike on 2019-06-30 — 8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-30 this committee recorded $52,160 across 84 contributions — 8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,542.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648956","date":"2019-06-30","amount":52160,"count":84,"baseline":6542,"ratio":8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648956/"]},{"id":"P15_C000830_9zt25v","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$51,650 donation spike on 2019-12-31 — 6.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-12-31 this committee recorded $51,650 across 84 contributions — 6.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,173.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648956","date":"2019-12-31","amount":51650,"count":84,"baseline":8173,"ratio":6.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648956/"]},{"id":"P174_C000830","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Cox has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Christopher Cox triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000830"]},{"id":"P195_C000830","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher Cox — DW-NOMINATE 0.54 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Christopher Cox's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.54) is 1.6 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.54,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.57"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M000720":[{"id":"P15_M000720_rzczfp","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,967 donation spike on 2017-09-30 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2017-09-30 this committee recorded $64,967 across 57 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,503.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00648816","date":"2017-09-30","amount":64967,"count":57,"baseline":8503,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00648816/"]},{"id":"P174_M000720","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Miller has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dan Miller triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000720"]}],"L000261":[{"id":"P15_L000261_3zvd72","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$257,106 donation spike on 2022-08-24 — 17.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-08-24 this committee recorded $257,106 across 170 contributions — 17.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $14,356.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00662619","date":"2022-08-24","amount":257106,"count":170,"baseline":14356,"ratio":17.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00662619/"]},{"id":"P29_L000261_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEVIN, Carl voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":643,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P181_L000261","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carl Levin — 140 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Carl Levin sponsored 140 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":140}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"V000133":[{"id":"P15_V000133_v96ak3","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$144,100 donation spike on 2018-03-31 — 14× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-03-31 this committee recorded $144,100 across 146 contributions — 14× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,257.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00661868","date":"2018-03-31","amount":144100,"count":146,"baseline":10257,"ratio":14}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00661868/"]},{"id":"P15_V000133_doudqb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$101,715 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 7.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $101,715 across 207 contributions — 7.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $13,813.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00661868","date":"2020-09-30","amount":101715,"count":207,"baseline":13813,"ratio":7.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00661868/"]},{"id":"P15_V000133_sdncls","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$78,990 donation spike on 2021-11-11 — 19× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-11 this committee recorded $78,990 across 46 contributions — 19× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,151.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00661868","date":"2021-11-11","amount":78990,"count":46,"baseline":4151,"ratio":19}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00661868/"]},{"id":"P15_V000133_sdnclt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$62,448 donation spike on 2021-11-12 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-11-12 this committee recorded $62,448 across 43 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,301.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00661868","date":"2021-11-12","amount":62448,"count":43,"baseline":6301,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00661868/"]},{"id":"P15_V000133_doudnz","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,880 donation spike on 2020-09-09 — 7.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-09 this committee recorded $55,880 across 55 contributions — 7.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,792.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00661868","date":"2020-09-09","amount":55880,"count":55,"baseline":7792,"ratio":7.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00661868/"]},{"id":"P15_V000133_g1pqvc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$55,772 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 10.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $55,772 across 74 contributions — 10.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,123.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00661868","date":"2025-09-30","amount":55772,"count":74,"baseline":5123,"ratio":10.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00661868/"]},{"id":"P62_V000133","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $144,100 on 2018-03-31 (14.0× normal)","explanation":"Jefferson Van Drew's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $144,100 on 2018-03-31 — 14.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":278862,"maxRatio":19,"maxAmount":144100},{"source":"spike","date":"2018-03-31","amount":144100,"ratio":14,"baselineDaily":10257,"count":146,"cmteId":"C00661868","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00661868&min_date=2018-03-31&max_date=2018-03-31"},{"source":"spike","date":"2021-11-11","amount":78990,"ratio":19,"baselineDaily":4151,"count":46,"cmteId":"C00661868","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00661868&min_date=2021-11-11&max_date=2021-11-11"},{"source":"spike","date":"2025-09-30","amount":55772,"ratio":10.9,"baselineDaily":5123,"count":74,"cmteId":"C00661868","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00661868&min_date=2025-09-30&max_date=2025-09-30"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00661868/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00661868&min_date=2018-03-31&max_date=2018-03-31"]},{"id":"P174_V000133","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jefferson Van Drew has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jefferson Van Drew triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/V000133"]},{"id":"P195_V000133","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jefferson Van Drew — DW-NOMINATE 0.38 vs NJ delegation mean -0.14 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Jefferson Van Drew's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.38) is 1.6 standard deviations from the NJ delegation mean (-0.14). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NJ","memberScore":0.382,"delegationMean":-0.14169230769230765,"zscore":"1.60"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"R000593":[{"id":"P15_R000593_6j6ekt","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$115,149 donation spike on 2020-10-14 — 23.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-10-14 this committee recorded $115,149 across 50 contributions — 23.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,827.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00676668","date":"2020-10-14","amount":115149,"count":50,"baseline":4827,"ratio":23.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00676668/"]},{"id":"P138_R000593","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dennis A. Ross draws 66% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.2M PAC / $10.9M total)","explanation":"Dennis A. Ross's FEC-bulk record shows 66% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.2M of $10.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.93,"pacSharePct":65.5,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H0FL12101"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL12101/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000611":[{"id":"P15_R000611_swe0jb","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$84,803 donation spike on 2018-09-30 — 7.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2018-09-30 this committee recorded $84,803 across 97 contributions — 7.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,778.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00680488","date":"2018-09-30","amount":84803,"count":97,"baseline":10778,"ratio":7.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680488/"]},{"id":"P15_R000611_okaamd","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$67,767 donation spike on 2020-09-02 — 14.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-02 this committee recorded $67,767 across 27 contributions — 14.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $4,544.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00680488","date":"2020-09-02","amount":67767,"count":27,"baseline":4544,"ratio":14.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00680488/"]},{"id":"P138_R000611","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Denver Riggleman draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.4M PAC / $7.3M total)","explanation":"Denver Riggleman's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.4M of $7.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.26,"pacSharePct":33,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8VA05171"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8VA05171/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000611","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Denver Riggleman has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Denver Riggleman triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000611"]}],"K000395":[{"id":"P15_K000395_1gg9ic","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,793 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 10.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $56,793 across 35 contributions — 10.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,306.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00697052","date":"2022-03-31","amount":56793,"count":35,"baseline":5306,"ratio":10.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00697052/"]},{"id":"P174_K000395","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Fred Keller has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Fred Keller triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000395"]}],"G000595":[{"id":"P15_G000595_obg6yf","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,380 donation spike on 2024-09-03 — 66.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-03 this committee recorded $56,380 across 27 contributions — 66.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $850.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00721308","date":"2024-09-03","amount":56380,"count":27,"baseline":850,"ratio":66.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00721308/"]},{"id":"P174_G000595","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Good has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bob Good triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000595"]},{"id":"P195_G000595","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Good — DW-NOMINATE 0.80 vs VA delegation mean 0.12 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Bob Good's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.80) is 1.8 standard deviations from the VA delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"VA","memberScore":0.8,"delegationMean":0.12260416666666664,"zscore":"1.82"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"K000396":[{"id":"P15_K000396_1oe947","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$56,800 donation spike on 2019-03-14 — 10.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-03-14 this committee recorded $56,800 across 64 contributions — 10.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,345.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00694604","date":"2019-03-14","amount":56800,"count":64,"baseline":5345,"ratio":10.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00694604/"]},{"id":"P138_K000396","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kaiali'i Kahele draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.3M PAC / $3.5M total)","explanation":"Kaiali'i Kahele's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.3M of $3.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.29,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3.54,"pacSharePct":36.4,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H0HI02155"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0HI02155/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000396","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kaiali'i Kahele has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Kaiali'i Kahele triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000396"]}],"C001104":[{"id":"P15_C001104_dv84uv","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$74,240 donation spike on 2020-08-27 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-08-27 this committee recorded $74,240 across 160 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,387.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00732958","date":"2020-08-27","amount":74240,"count":160,"baseline":7387,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00732958/"]},{"id":"P18_C001104_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Technology trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Madison Cawthorn executed 1 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2021-09-24","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Atlantic Highly Migratory Species; Commercial Aggregated Large Coastal Sharks, Hammerhead Sharks, and Blacktip Sharks in","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-08-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C001104","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Madison Cawthorn has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Madison Cawthorn triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001104"]}],"B000668":[{"id":"P15_B000668_jd0mdg","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$61,930 donation spike on 2020-09-06 — 7.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-06 this committee recorded $61,930 across 32 contributions — 7.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,693.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00725465","date":"2020-09-06","amount":61930,"count":32,"baseline":8693,"ratio":7.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00725465/"]},{"id":"P18_B000668_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Pharma trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Cliff Bentz executed 1 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2025-06-06","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Medical Devices; Hematology and Pathology Devices; Classification of the Coagulation System for the Measurement of Whole","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2025-05-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P19_B000668_kv4fhf","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cliff Bentz campaign paid $2,654,137 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","explanation":"Cliff Bentz's campaign paid 111 disbursements totaling $2,654,137 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","total":1895624.05,"count":75,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":53080,"date":"2013-09-04","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":52052,"date":"2016-01-19","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER","amount":41636.93,"date":"2014-08-29","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","total":483141.7700000001,"count":18,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":52720.48,"date":"2020-12-28","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":49267.94,"date":"2021-06-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC.","amount":32290,"date":"2024-11-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","total":115347.09000000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":36406.63,"date":"2012-11-25","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":30000,"date":"2008-04-10","description":"GENERIC ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER, INC.","amount":26018.33,"date":"2025-08-06","description":"POLITICAL FINANCIAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BENTZ, CLIFF MR.","total":57780.87,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BENTZ, CLIFF MR.","amount":48100,"date":"2025-03-10","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"bentz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BENTZ, CLIFF MR.","amount":5000,"date":"2021-05-08","description":"LOAN","surnameMatched":"bentz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BENTZ, CLIFF MR.","amount":4680.87,"date":"2022-11-21","description":"EXPENSE REIMBURSEMENT- SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"bentz","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","total":30000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY DAVIS LISKER INC","amount":30000,"date":"2024-12-12","description":"COMPLIANCE CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HUCKABY ,DAVIS,LISKER","total":20873.11,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HUCKABY ,DAVIS,LISKER","amount":20873.11,"date":"2004-09-23","description":"INKIND-ACCOUNTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"lisker","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=HUCKABY%20DAVIS%20LISKER"]},{"id":"P47_B000668_Natural_Resources_Defense_Coun_118992","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Natural Resources Defense Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $3,000 donor","explanation":"Cliff Bentz sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2026-02-24 held a hearing titled \"“From Source to Tap: A Hearing to Examine Challenges and Opportunities for Safe, Reliable, and Affordable Drinking Water…\". The witness Mr. Erik Olson (Natural Resources Defense Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"118992","title":"“From Source to Tap: A Hearing to Examine Challenges and Opportunities for Safe, Reliable, and Affordable Drinking Water.”","date":"2026-02-24T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Erik Olson","witnessOrg":"Natural Resources Defense Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118992"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN FOREST RESOURCES COUNCIL PAC","total":3000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20FOREST%20RESOURCES%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118992","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20FOREST%20RESOURCES%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_B000668_Natural_Resources_Defense_Coun_118385","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Natural Resources Defense Council testified before House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment — also a $3,000 donor","explanation":"Cliff Bentz sits on House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment, which on 2025-06-11 held a hearing titled \"Short-Circuiting Progress: How the Clean Air Act Impacts Building Necessary Infrastructure and Onshoring American Innova…\". The witness Mr. John Walke (Natural Resources Defense Council) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Environment","eventId":"118385","title":"Short-Circuiting Progress: How the Clean Air Act Impacts Building Necessary Infrastructure and Onshoring American Innovation.","date":"2025-06-11T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. John Walke","witnessOrg":"Natural Resources Defense Council","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118385"},{"source":"donor","name":"AMERICAN FOREST RESOURCES COUNCIL PAC","total":3000,"count":1,"type":"OTHER COMMITTEE","state":"OR","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20FOREST%20RESOURCES%20COUNCIL%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118385","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=AMERICAN%20FOREST%20RESOURCES%20COUNCIL%20PAC"]},{"id":"P61_B000668","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,800","explanation":"Cliff Bentz received campaign contributions totaling $90,800 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS ($9,900); THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON ($6,600).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":90800,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOC PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC PAC","ldaClient":"CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS OPERATING, LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS","ldaClient":"CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS","donorTotal":9900,"exact":true},{"donorName":"THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","ldaClient":"THE TULALIP TRIBES OF WASHINGTON","donorTotal":6600,"exact":true}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_B000668","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cliff Bentz draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.4M PAC / $9.1M total)","explanation":"Cliff Bentz's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.4M of $9.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.41,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.07,"pacSharePct":37.5,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0OR02127"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0OR02127/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000587":[{"id":"P15_L000587_5hvbn4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$273,218 donation spike on 2020-09-30 — 9.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-09-30 this committee recorded $273,218 across 756 contributions — 9.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $27,685.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716860","date":"2020-09-30","amount":273218,"count":756,"baseline":27685,"ratio":9.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716860/"]},{"id":"P15_L000587_k64hwh","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$158,919 donation spike on 2021-01-05 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-01-05 this committee recorded $158,919 across 68 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $16,265.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716860","date":"2021-01-05","amount":158919,"count":68,"baseline":16265,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716860/"]},{"id":"P15_L000587_xaepd2","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$85,963 donation spike on 2019-09-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-30 this committee recorded $85,963 across 86 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,814.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716860","date":"2019-09-30","amount":85963,"count":86,"baseline":9814,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716860/"]},{"id":"P15_L000587_5hu1n9","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$80,975 donation spike on 2020-07-22 — 8.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-07-22 this committee recorded $80,975 across 219 contributions — 8.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,530.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716860","date":"2020-07-22","amount":80975,"count":219,"baseline":9530,"ratio":8.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716860/"]},{"id":"P15_L000587_5hteoj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$63,431 donation spike on 2020-06-30 — 9.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2020-06-30 this committee recorded $63,431 across 177 contributions — 9.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,784.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716860","date":"2020-06-30","amount":63431,"count":177,"baseline":6784,"ratio":9.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716860/"]},{"id":"P15_L000587_xaepdu","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,865 donation spike on 2019-09-23 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-09-23 this committee recorded $52,865 across 41 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,814.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00716860","date":"2019-09-23","amount":52865,"count":41,"baseline":7814,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00716860/"]}],"R000515":[{"id":"P15_R000515_orpi5p","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$116,405 donation spike on 2019-06-28 — 7.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-06-28 this committee recorded $116,405 across 137 contributions — 7.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $15,414.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00701896","date":"2019-06-28","amount":116405,"count":137,"baseline":15414,"ratio":7.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00701896/"]},{"id":"P29_R000515_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RUSH, Bobby L. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1156,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000515","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bobby L. Rush draws 73% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.4M PAC / $12.8M total)","explanation":"Bobby L. Rush's FEC-bulk record shows 73% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.4M of $12.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.84,"pacSharePct":73.2,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H2IL01042"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL01042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_R000515_BlairHoltsFirearmLic","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bobby L. Rush sponsored \"Blair Holt's Firearm Licensing and Record of Sale Act of 200\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Bobby L. Rush has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Blair Holt's Firearm Licensing and Record of Sale Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000515_FamilyTelephoneConne","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bobby L. Rush sponsored \"Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Bobby L. Rush has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"I000026":[{"id":"P15_I000026_iipqh1","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$415,040 donation spike on 2019-08-30 — 15.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2019-08-30 this committee recorded $415,040 across 181 contributions — 15.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $26,502.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00698050","date":"2019-08-30","amount":415040,"count":181,"baseline":26502,"ratio":15.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00698050/"]},{"id":"P138_I000026","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jay Inslee draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.3M PAC / $20.4M total)","explanation":"Jay Inslee's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.3M of $20.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.26,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.42,"pacSharePct":35.6,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H2WA04090"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2WA04090/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"E000286":[{"id":"P15_E000286_g3ea77","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$70,170 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $70,170 across 53 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,942.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00796433","date":"2022-03-31","amount":70170,"count":53,"baseline":7942,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00796433/"]},{"id":"P15_E000286_g3ea6f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$50,704 donation spike on 2022-03-24 — 9.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-24 this committee recorded $50,704 across 33 contributions — 9.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,168.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00796433","date":"2022-03-24","amount":50704,"count":33,"baseline":5168,"ratio":9.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00796433/"]},{"id":"P29_E000286_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"EDWARDS, John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2004-09-14","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide funds for the Transportation Security Administration, United States C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":627,"date":"2004-09-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To prohibit funds from being used to process or approve a competition under Offi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":626,"date":"2004-09-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To require the Secretary of Homeland Security to submit to Congress, at least 60"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_E000286","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Edwards has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John Edwards triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000286"]}],"D000633":[{"id":"P15_D000633_wnsa37","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$82,599 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $82,599 across 49 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,543.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00808279","date":"2022-06-30","amount":82599,"count":49,"baseline":8543,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00808279/"]},{"id":"P15_D000633_wnqd4n","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$72,599 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 6.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $72,599 across 50 contributions — 6.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,932.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00808279","date":"2022-03-31","amount":72599,"count":50,"baseline":10932,"ratio":6.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00808279/"]},{"id":"P174_D000633","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John S. Duarte has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John S. Duarte triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000633"]}],"R000613":[{"id":"P15_R000613_gu5uv7","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$126,700 donation spike on 2021-12-22 — 6.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-22 this committee recorded $126,700 across 50 contributions — 6.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $18,601.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00796540","date":"2021-12-22","amount":126700,"count":50,"baseline":18601,"ratio":6.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00796540/"]},{"id":"P15_R000613_gu5utl","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$110,280 donation spike on 2021-12-06 — 13.3× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2021-12-06 this committee recorded $110,280 across 77 contributions — 13.3× the 30-day trailing daily average of $8,277.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00796540","date":"2021-12-06","amount":110280,"count":77,"baseline":8277,"ratio":13.3}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00796540/"]},{"id":"P15_R000613_vi2wgs","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$71,081 donation spike on 2022-06-30 — 6.9× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-30 this committee recorded $71,081 across 82 contributions — 6.9× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,273.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00796540","date":"2022-06-30","amount":71081,"count":82,"baseline":10273,"ratio":6.9}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00796540/"]},{"id":"P174_R000613","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Max Rose has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Max Rose triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000613"]}],"B000315":[{"id":"P15_B000315_39b7vn","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$66,026 donation spike on 2024-09-24 — 6.4× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-24 this committee recorded $66,026 across 107 contributions — 6.4× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,397.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00792341","date":"2024-09-24","amount":66026,"count":107,"baseline":10397,"ratio":6.4}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792341/"]},{"id":"P15_B000315_39b7uw","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,274 donation spike on 2024-09-18 — 8.6× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-09-18 this committee recorded $64,274 across 89 contributions — 8.6× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,441.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00792341","date":"2024-09-18","amount":64274,"count":89,"baseline":7441,"ratio":8.6}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792341/"]},{"id":"P15_B000315_hy4tt4","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$52,554 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 10.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $52,554 across 58 contributions — 10.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $5,188.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00792341","date":"2025-12-31","amount":52554,"count":58,"baseline":5188,"ratio":10.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00792341/"]},{"id":"P174_B000315","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicholas Begich has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Nicholas Begich triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000315"]},{"id":"P200_B000315","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicholas Begich — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"Nicholas Begich began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000315","https://www.congress.gov/member/nicholas-begich/B000315"]}],"E000235":[{"id":"P15_E000235_g3x292","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$64,775 donation spike on 2022-03-31 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-03-31 this committee recorded $64,775 across 67 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $6,652.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00776393","date":"2022-03-31","amount":64775,"count":67,"baseline":6652,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00776393/"]},{"id":"P138_E000235","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Ezell draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.3M PAC / $6.4M total)","explanation":"Mike Ezell's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.3M of $6.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.29,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.36,"pacSharePct":36,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2MS04258"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MS04258/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_E000235","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Ezell has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mike Ezell triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000235"]}],"C000634":[{"id":"P15_C000634_beigvc","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$149,373 donation spike on 2022-06-23 — 15.5× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2022-06-23 this committee recorded $149,373 across 451 contributions — 15.5× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,653.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00781104","date":"2022-06-23","amount":149373,"count":451,"baseline":9653,"ratio":15.5}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00781104/"]},{"id":"P15_C000634_haufat","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$335,960 donation spike on 2024-03-14 — 27.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-03-14 this committee recorded $335,960 across 961 contributions — 27.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $12,129.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00844878","date":"2024-03-14","amount":335960,"count":961,"baseline":12129,"ratio":27.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00844878/"]},{"id":"P185_C000634","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cardiss Collins — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Cardiss Collins served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000634","https://www.congress.gov/member/cardiss-collins/C000634"]},{"id":"P200_C000634","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cardiss Collins — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–104)","explanation":"Cardiss Collins began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000634","https://www.congress.gov/member/cardiss-collins/C000634"]}],"B001322":[{"id":"P15_B001322_z6lxgx","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$69,385 donation spike on 2025-12-31 — 9.7× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-12-31 this committee recorded $69,385 across 54 contributions — 9.7× the 30-day trailing daily average of $7,120.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00870758","date":"2025-12-31","amount":69385,"count":54,"baseline":7120,"ratio":9.7}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00870758/"]},{"id":"P19_B001322_yjzxi3","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael Baumgartner campaign paid $926,812 to 25 surname-matched vendors, top: VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","explanation":"Michael Baumgartner's campaign paid 109 disbursements totaling $926,812 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","total":328891.92999999993,"count":32,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":50000,"date":"2004-06-23","description":"P-2005 GOVERNOR  VA","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-03-29","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR JERRY KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2005-10-14","description":"NON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAUMGARTNER, MICHAEL JAMES","total":236156.23,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"BAUMGARTNER, MICHAEL JAMES","amount":50000,"date":"2024-09-30","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"baumgartner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BAUMGARTNER, MICHAEL JAMES","amount":50000,"date":"2025-04-24","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"baumgartner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"BAUMGARTNER, MICHAEL JAMES","amount":40156.13,"date":"2025-08-17","description":"SEE MEMOS","surnameMatched":"baumgartner","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE, ED","total":108000,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":20000,"date":"2008-04-30","description":"COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":9000,"date":"2006-05-23","description":"SPEECHWRITING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"KILGORE, ED","amount":8000,"date":"2007-05-17","description":"COMMUNICATION SERVICES","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","total":44000,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":10000,"date":"2023-08-11","description":"NONFEDERAL: CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2017-09-06","description":"NONFEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"KILGORE FOR DELEGATE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-08","description":"VA STATE LEVEL POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","total":42500,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-06-30","description":"MEDIA CONSULTING FEE","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":10500,"date":"2004-10-01","description":"PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"KILGORE & ASSOCIATES","amount":5000,"date":"2006-03-15","description":"CONSULTING - POLITICAL","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","total":30000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","amount":25000,"date":"2001-10-15","description":"[TRANSFER OUT--EXEMPT FROM LIMITS]","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2002},{"payee":"VIRGINIANS FOR KILGORE","amount":5000,"date":"2005-02-10","description":"GOVERNOR'S RACE CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"kilgore","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=VIRGINIANS%20FOR%20JERRY%20KILGORE"]},{"id":"P61_B001322","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $70,000","explanation":"Michael Baumgartner received campaign contributions totaling $70,000 from 12 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 12 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); PREMERA BLUE CROSS ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($5,000); CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP ($5,000); ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OREGON-COLUMBIA CHA ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":12,"totalDollars":70000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"PREMERA BLUE CROSS PAC/PREMERA PAC","ldaClient":"PREMERA BLUE CROSS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CHEVRON EMPLOYEES PAC - CHEVRON CORPORATION","ldaClient":"CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA PAC","ldaClient":"ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OREGON-COLUMBIA CHAPTER","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_B001322","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Baumgartner's campaign paid $20,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: BAUMGARTNER, ELEANOR ($15,000)","explanation":"Michael Baumgartner's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $20,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BAUMGARTNER, ELEANOR ($15,000 across 3 payments, services: FUNDRAISING CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":20000,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BAUMGARTNER, ELEANOR","total":15000,"count":3,"descriptions":["FUNDRAISING CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"BAUMGARTNER, DONALD W","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["RETURNED CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"baumgartner"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4WA05234&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P195_B001322","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Baumgartner — DW-NOMINATE 0.55 vs WA delegation mean -0.08 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Michael Baumgartner's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.55) is 1.7 standard deviations from the WA delegation mean (-0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"WA","memberScore":0.546,"delegationMean":-0.07612499999999997,"zscore":"1.67"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"L000551":[{"id":"P15_L000551_vx4j5f","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$132,421 donation spike on 2024-04-18 — 14.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-04-18 this committee recorded $132,421 across 108 contributions — 14.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,301.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00833608","date":"2024-04-18","amount":132421,"count":108,"baseline":9301,"ratio":14.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000551_vx563y","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,261 donation spike on 2024-05-03 — 12.1× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2024-05-03 this committee recorded $125,261 across 77 contributions — 12.1× the 30-day trailing daily average of $10,353.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00833608","date":"2024-05-03","amount":125261,"count":77,"baseline":10353,"ratio":12.1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833608/"]},{"id":"P15_L000551_h8tfwj","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$79,390 donation spike on 2023-09-30 — 8.8× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2023-09-30 this committee recorded $79,390 across 175 contributions — 8.8× the 30-day trailing daily average of $9,056.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00833608","date":"2023-09-30","amount":79390,"count":175,"baseline":9056,"ratio":8.8}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00833608/"]},{"id":"P29_L000551_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEE, Barbara voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":12,"peerNay":12,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":7,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000551","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara Lee has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Barbara Lee triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000551"]},{"id":"P181_L000551","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Lee — 131 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Barbara Lee sponsored 131 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":131}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000551_PeaceStampforthePeac","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Lee sponsored \"Peace Stamp for the Peace Corps Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Barbara Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Peace Stamp for the Peace Corps Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000551_FoodAssistancetoImpr","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Lee sponsored \"Food Assistance to Improve Reintegration Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Barbara Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Food Assistance to Improve Reintegration Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000551_PovertyImpactTrigger","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Lee sponsored \"Poverty Impact Trigger Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Barbara Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Poverty Impact Trigger Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000551_StudentSupportAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Lee sponsored \"Student Support Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Barbara Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Student Support Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000551_IncomeEquityActof200","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Lee sponsored \"Income Equity Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Barbara Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Income Equity Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000551_ResponsibleEndtotheW","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Lee sponsored \"Responsible End to the War in Afghanistan Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Barbara Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Responsible End to the War in Afghanistan Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000551_RepealoftheAuthoriza","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Lee sponsored \"Repeal of the Authorization for Use of Military Force\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Barbara Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Repeal of the Authorization for Use of Military Force"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_L000551","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara Lee — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Barbara Lee has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000551","https://www.congress.gov/member/barbara-lee/L000551"]}],"W000528":[{"id":"P15_W000528_hqgw6o","pattern_type":"P15_DAILY_DONATION_SPIKE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$58,350 donation spike on 2025-09-30 — 15.2× trailing baseline","explanation":"On 2025-09-30 this committee recorded $58,350 across 67 contributions — 15.2× the 30-day trailing daily average of $3,834.","evidence":[{"source":"daily_spike","cmteId":"C00909861","date":"2025-09-30","amount":58350,"count":67,"baseline":3834,"ratio":15.2}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00909861/"]},{"id":"P174_W000528","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lyle Williams has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lyle Williams triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000528"]}],"C000174":[{"id":"P17_C000174_CB_2020-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-31 and 2020-04-02, 3 members took the same direction on CB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CB","date":"2020-03-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001204","name":"Daniel Meuser"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"}],"span":"2020-03-31 to 2020-04-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_QCOM_2022-01-11","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-11 and 2022-01-18, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2022-01-11","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2022-01-11 to 2022-01-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_QCOM_2020-03-30","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-30 and 2020-04-06, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2020-03-30","action":"BUY","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"B001284","name":"Susan W. Brooks"}],"span":"2020-03-30 to 2020-04-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_CVS_2023-01-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-09 and 2023-01-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2023-01-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"S001198","name":"Dan Sullivan"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2023-01-09 to 2023-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_CVS_2023-01-10","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CVS within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2023-01-10 and 2023-01-11, 3 members (Healthcare sector) took the same direction on CVS. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","date":"2023-01-10","action":"SELL","sector":"Healthcare","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CVS","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001198","name":"Dan Sullivan"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2023-01-10 to 2023-01-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_ABBV_2020-11-16","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ABBV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-11-16 and 2020-11-20, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on ABBV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","date":"2020-11-16","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ABBV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"A000372","name":"Rick Allen"},{"bioguideId":"G000563","name":"Bob Gibbs"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2020-11-16 to 2020-11-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_LMT_2022-01-12","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-12 and 2022-01-19, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-12","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"}],"span":"2022-01-12 to 2022-01-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_LMT_2022-01-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-14 and 2022-01-21, 4 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000804","name":"Robert Wittman"},{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2022-01-14 to 2022-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_LMT_2022-01-18","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold LMT within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2022-01-18 and 2022-01-21, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on LMT. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LMT","date":"2022-01-18","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LMT","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"F000462","name":"Lois Frankel"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2022-01-18 to 2022-01-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000174_RTN_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members bought RTN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-03, 4 members took the same direction on RTN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTN","date":"2020-04-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"RTN","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000174","name":"Thomas R. Carper"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"B000574","name":"Earl Blumenauer"},{"bioguideId":"L000594","name":"Kelly Loeffler"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C000174_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"12 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas R. Carper executed 12 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","date":"2024-05-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2024-04-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2024-03-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"VLO","date":"2024-01-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Diamond Aircraft Industries Inc. Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2024-04-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Gulf of Mexico and South Bay, Boca Chica Beach, TX","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2024-03-12"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C000174_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"53 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas R. Carper executed 53 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SOFI","date":"2024-03-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2024-03-07","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2024-03-07","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"DELL","date":"2024-01-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2024-02-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Unlicensed Use of the 6 GHz Band; and Expanding Flexible Use in Mid-Band Spectrum Between 3.7 and 24 GHz; Correction","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2024-02-06"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C000174_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"16 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas R. Carper executed 16 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MET","date":"2024-01-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2024-01-17","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","date":"2023-02-21","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","date":"2023-01-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Burma Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 3 and 4","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-12-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Burma Sanctions Regulations Web General Licenses 3 and 4","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2023-12-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C000174_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas R. Carper executed 13 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RVNC","date":"2023-10-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTLA","date":"2023-08-25","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTLA","date":"2023-05-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2022-01-18","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Advisory Committee; Board of Tea Experts; Termination and Technical Amendment to the Citation for the Federal Advisory C","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2023-09-19"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Transfer of Electronic Prescriptions for Schedules II-V Controlled Substances Between Pharmacies for Initial Filling","agency":"Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration","date":"2023-07-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C000174_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas R. Carper executed 13 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2023-08-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2023-05-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2023-02-21","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"RTX","date":"2022-01-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Modification to the National Technology and Industrial Base (DFARS Ca","agency":"Defense Department, Defense Acquisition Regulations System","date":"2023-07-20"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2023-03; Small Entity Compliance Guide","agency":"Defense Department, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration","date":"2023-04-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_C000174_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Transportation trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Thomas R. Carper executed 1 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KNX","date":"2020-04-02","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Exclusion of Demurrage Regulation From Certain Class Exemptions","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-03-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_C000174_1ejt","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BAH","date":"2023-08-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":155609221.67,"agencies":["Department of Defense","Department of Energy"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_C000174_Industrial","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Industrial BUYs filed 206d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Industrial (18 buys vs 11 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Industrial","count":29,"avgGap":206,"buys":18,"sells":11},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":226,"avgGap":44}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_C000174_7pl5zh","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with DE D delegation on 24 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CARPER, Thomas Richard voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 24 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":678,"date":"2024-12-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend title II of the Social Security Act to repeal the Government pen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Noel Wise, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern Di"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Labor","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Lauren McGarity McFerran, of the District of Columbia, to be a Member of the Nat"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Cynthia Valenzuela Dixon, of California, to be United States District Judge for "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_C000174","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sits on committees regulating Energy, Oil & Gas, Defense and actively trades in Energy, Defense. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Energy","Oil & Gas","Defense"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Energy","count":15},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":13}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P36_C000174","pattern_type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"6 distinct pattern types firing across 20 total findings","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper has findings in 6 of our 35 independent pattern detectors. Cross-pattern convergence is this engine's strongest signal: one pattern firing could be coincidence; multiple independent detectors on the same member × same sector is documented conflict.","evidence":[{"source":"systemic","distinctPatternTypes":6,"totalFindings":20,"highSeverityCount":7,"patternsList":["P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_C000174_AAPL_20201120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2020-Q4 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper executed a sell in AAPL during 2020-Q4, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, APPLE INC). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20","quarter":"2020-Q4"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2020-Q4","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE INC","APPLE INC."]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_V_20201120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $V 1 day after a corporate insider (GCGM Investment Holdings, LP  (CIK 0001774568)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"GCGM Investment Holdings, LP  (CIK 0001774568)","filingDate":"2020-11-19","adsh":"0001209191-20-059459","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_APO_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $APO 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $APO 1 day after a corporate insider (Apollo Management, L.P.  (CIK 0001398053)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APO","filer":"Apollo Management, L.P.  (CIK 0001398053)","filingDate":"2021-06-03","adsh":"0001104659-21-076542","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_VIAV_20201120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VIAV 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $VIAV 1 day after a corporate insider (KHAYKIN OLEG  (CIK 0001278725)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIAV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIAV","filer":"KHAYKIN OLEG  (CIK 0001278725)","filingDate":"2020-11-19","adsh":"0000912093-20-000116","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_VZ_20200324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $VZ 1 day after a corporate insider (Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)","filingDate":"2020-03-23","adsh":"0001611593-20-000087","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_C_20200709","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $C 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $C 1 day after a corporate insider (BRONFMAN EDGAR JR  (CIK 0001200675)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"BRONFMAN EDGAR JR  (CIK 0001200675)","filingDate":"2020-07-08","adsh":"0000899243-20-018778","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_D_20240328","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $D 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $D 1 day after a corporate insider (SAYLOR MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001079782)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-03-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"SAYLOR MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001079782)","filingDate":"2024-03-27","adsh":"0000950170-24-037232","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_FAST_20210708","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FAST 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $FAST 1 day after a corporate insider (Chatham Asset Management, LLC  (CIK 0001511989)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FAST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FAST","filer":"Chatham Asset Management, LLC  (CIK 0001511989)","filingDate":"2021-07-07","adsh":"0000905718-21-000880","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_MPW_20200709","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MPW 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $MPW 1 day after a corporate insider (Aldag Edward K JR  (CIK 0001331608)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPW","filer":"Aldag Edward K JR  (CIK 0001331608)","filingDate":"2020-07-08","adsh":"0001287865-20-000030","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_NVDA_20210604","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $NVDA 2 days after a corporate insider (Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Dabiri John  (CIK 0001818224)","filingDate":"2021-06-02","adsh":"0001045810-21-000068","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_OXY_20240509","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $OXY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $OXY 2 days after a corporate insider (POLADIAN AVEDICK BARUYR  (CIK 0001305254)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"OXY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"OXY","filer":"POLADIAN AVEDICK BARUYR  (CIK 0001305254)","filingDate":"2024-05-07","adsh":"0000797468-24-000107","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_NTLA_20201120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NTLA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $NTLA 2 days after a corporate insider (LEONARD JOHN M  (CIK 0001563584)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTLA","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTLA","filer":"LEONARD JOHN M  (CIK 0001563584)","filingDate":"2020-11-18","adsh":"0001209191-20-059273","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_RMD_20200709","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $RMD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $RMD 3 days after a corporate insider (Hollingshead James  (CIK 0001570610)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RMD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RMD","filer":"Hollingshead James  (CIK 0001570610)","filingDate":"2020-07-06","adsh":"0001127602-20-021091","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_NVDA_20230525","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NVDA 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $NVDA 3 days after a corporate insider (Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"Shoquist Debora  (CIK 0001283854)","filingDate":"2023-05-22","adsh":"0001045810-23-000085","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_ARE_20201120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ARE 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $ARE 3 days after a corporate insider (EPCO Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001338290)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ARE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ARE","filer":"EPCO Holdings, Inc.  (CIK 0001338290)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001209191-20-058714","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_MOS_20231211","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MOS 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $MOS 3 days after a corporate insider (O'Rourke James Calvin  (CIK 0001453221)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MOS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-12-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MOS","filer":"O'Rourke James Calvin  (CIK 0001453221)","filingDate":"2023-12-08","adsh":"0001243786-23-000156","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_LHX_20200709","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $LHX 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $LHX 3 days after a corporate insider (MILLARD ROBERT B  (CIK 0001188791)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"MILLARD ROBERT B  (CIK 0001188791)","filingDate":"2020-07-06","adsh":"0001209191-20-041095","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_RIO_20201116","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $RIO 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $RIO 3 days after a corporate insider (del Rio Ana Marie  (CIK 0001548192)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RIO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RIO","filer":"del Rio Ana Marie  (CIK 0001548192)","filingDate":"2020-11-13","adsh":"0001585219-20-000110","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_SNOW_20211022","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SNOW 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $SNOW 3 days after a corporate insider (Dageville Benoit  (CIK 0001821737)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SNOW","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SNOW","filer":"Dageville Benoit  (CIK 0001821737)","filingDate":"2021-10-19","adsh":"0001640147-21-000234","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_ENB_20240411","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ENB 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $ENB 3 days after a corporate insider (Stoltzfus J Daniel  (CIK 0001931362)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ENB","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-04-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ENB","filer":"Stoltzfus J Daniel  (CIK 0001931362)","filingDate":"2024-04-08","adsh":"0001127602-24-012637","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_NUAN_20201120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NUAN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $NUAN 3 days after a corporate insider (Giterman Arthur G.  (CIK 0001759340)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NUAN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NUAN","filer":"Giterman Arthur G.  (CIK 0001759340)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001759340-20-000017","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_AJRD_20201120","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AJRD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $AJRD 3 days after a corporate insider (Chilton Kevin P.  (CIK 0001516588)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AJRD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AJRD","filer":"Chilton Kevin P.  (CIK 0001516588)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001127602-20-029283","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_ABBV_20200324","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $ABBV 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $ABBV 4 days after a corporate insider (Durkin Brian L  (CIK 0001756865)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABBV","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ABBV","filer":"Durkin Brian L  (CIK 0001756865)","filingDate":"2020-03-20","adsh":"0001179110-20-004028","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_QCOM_20230221","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $QCOM 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $QCOM 4 days after a corporate insider (THOMPSON JAMES H  (CIK 0001559656)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"QCOM","filer":"THOMPSON JAMES H  (CIK 0001559656)","filingDate":"2023-02-17","adsh":"0001888316-23-000007","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_SWKS_20200414","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SWKS 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $SWKS 4 days after a corporate insider (Durham Karilee A  (CIK 0001793686)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWKS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SWKS","filer":"Durham Karilee A  (CIK 0001793686)","filingDate":"2020-04-10","adsh":"0001209191-20-024166","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_SPY_20200323","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $SPY 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $SPY 4 days after a corporate insider (Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SPY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SPY","filer":"Nijhawan Pardeep  (CIK 0001777962)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001654954-20-002851","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_C000174_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"+6 more shadow-trade matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper accumulated 31 P42 shadow-trade matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lag-strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 6 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers.","evidence":[{"source":"p42_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":6,"totalRaw":31}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_RMD_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $RMD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $RMD 1 day before a corporate insider (Sodhi Rajwant  (CIK 0001715325)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RMD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RMD","filer":"Sodhi Rajwant  (CIK 0001715325)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-012994"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_TT_20230620","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $TT 1 day before a corporate insider (Griffith William J.G.  (CIK 0001688124)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-06-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TT","filer":"Griffith William J.G.  (CIK 0001688124)","filingDate":"2023-06-21","adsh":"0000899243-23-016145"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_SBUX_20240117","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SBUX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $SBUX 1 day before a corporate insider (SIEVERT G MICHAEL  (CIK 0001182438)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-01-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"SIEVERT G MICHAEL  (CIK 0001182438)","filingDate":"2024-01-18","adsh":"0001127602-24-001635"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_SBUX_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SBUX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $SBUX 1 day before a corporate insider (ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SBUX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SBUX","filer":"ULLMAN MYRON E III  (CIK 0001219802)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013258"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_LHX_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $LHX 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $LHX 1 day before a corporate insider (ZOISS EDWARD J  (CIK 0001647940)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHX","filer":"ZOISS EDWARD J  (CIK 0001647940)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-023227"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_MRVL_20230417","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MRVL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $MRVL 1 day before a corporate insider (Nguyen Loi  (CIK 0001857110)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MRVL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-17"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MRVL","filer":"Nguyen Loi  (CIK 0001857110)","filingDate":"2023-04-18","adsh":"0001209191-23-024754"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_MPC_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MPC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $MPC 1 day before a corporate insider (Al Khayyal Abdulaziz Fahd  (CIK 0001627197)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MPC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MPC","filer":"Al Khayyal Abdulaziz Fahd  (CIK 0001627197)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001209191-20-022972"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_CVS_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $CVS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $CVS 1 day before a corporate insider (Lynch Karen S  (CIK 0001333760)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CVS","filer":"Lynch Karen S  (CIK 0001333760)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0001127602-20-013236"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_IRM_20200709","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $IRM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $IRM 1 day before a corporate insider (VERRECCHIA ALFRED J  (CIK 0001214978)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IRM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IRM","filer":"VERRECCHIA ALFRED J  (CIK 0001214978)","filingDate":"2020-07-10","adsh":"0001020569-20-000176"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_WM_20230221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $WM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $WM 2 days before a corporate insider (Camire Brian  (CIK 0001857363)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WM","filer":"Camire Brian  (CIK 0001857363)","filingDate":"2023-02-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-012245"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_VZ_20200324","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $VZ 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $VZ 2 days before a corporate insider (Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)","filingDate":"2020-03-26","adsh":"0001611593-20-000096"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_C_20220118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $C 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $C 2 days before a corporate insider (Page Lawrence  (CIK 0001295231)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-01-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"Page Lawrence  (CIK 0001295231)","filingDate":"2022-01-20","adsh":"0001209191-22-004201"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_IRM_20230221","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $IRM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $IRM 2 days before a corporate insider (Tomovcsik John  (CIK 0001595956)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"IRM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-02-21"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"IRM","filer":"Tomovcsik John  (CIK 0001595956)","filingDate":"2023-02-23","adsh":"0001020569-23-000045"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_MCD_20210604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $MCD 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $MCD 3 days before a corporate insider (Voinovich Michael C  (CIK 0001806753)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MCD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MCD","filer":"Voinovich Michael C  (CIK 0001806753)","filingDate":"2021-06-07","adsh":"0001209191-21-038479"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_KEYS_20230522","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $KEYS 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $KEYS 3 days before a corporate insider (HAMADA RICHARD P  (CIK 0001220015)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEYS","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KEYS","filer":"HAMADA RICHARD P  (CIK 0001220015)","filingDate":"2023-05-25","adsh":"0001601046-23-000046"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_V_20201120","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $V 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $V 3 days before a corporate insider (Green Equity Investors Side V, L.P.  (CIK 0001449643)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Green Equity Investors Side V, L.P.  (CIK 0001449643)","filingDate":"2020-11-23","adsh":"0001209191-20-060074"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_GOOG_20210928","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $GOOG 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $GOOG 3 days before a corporate insider (WALKER JOHN KENT  (CIK 0001238734)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"WALKER JOHN KENT  (CIK 0001238734)","filingDate":"2021-10-01","adsh":"0001209191-21-058589"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_BAH_20230522","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BAH 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $BAH 3 days before a corporate insider (ROZANSKI HORACIO  (CIK 0001505495)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAH","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-05-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BAH","filer":"ROZANSKI HORACIO  (CIK 0001505495)","filingDate":"2023-05-25","adsh":"0001443646-23-000070"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_CEF_20201120","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CEF 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $CEF 3 days before a corporate insider (CRONIN DANIEL P  (CIK 0001240480)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CEF","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CEF","filer":"CRONIN DANIEL P  (CIK 0001240480)","filingDate":"2020-11-23","adsh":"0000914851-20-000365"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_KEYS_20201120","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $KEYS 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $KEYS 4 days before a corporate insider (PAGE JOHN  (CIK 0001657513)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KEYS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KEYS","filer":"PAGE JOHN  (CIK 0001657513)","filingDate":"2020-11-24","adsh":"0001601046-20-000129"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_APO_20210604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $APO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $APO 4 days before a corporate insider (Apollo Management, L.P.  (CIK 0001398053)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APO","filer":"Apollo Management, L.P.  (CIK 0001398053)","filingDate":"2021-06-08","adsh":"0001104659-21-078375"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_NVDA_20210604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NVDA 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $NVDA 4 days before a corporate insider (SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NVDA","filer":"SEAWELL A BROOKE  (CIK 0001197652)","filingDate":"2021-06-08","adsh":"0001045810-21-000093"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_FITB_20200402","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FITB 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sell $FITB 4 days before a corporate insider (Schramm Jude  (CIK 0001736276)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FITB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FITB","filer":"Schramm Jude  (CIK 0001736276)","filingDate":"2020-04-06","adsh":"0000035527-20-000041"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_FAST_20210708","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FAST 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $FAST 4 days before a corporate insider (Chatham Asset Management, LLC  (CIK 0001511989)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FAST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FAST","filer":"Chatham Asset Management, LLC  (CIK 0001511989)","filingDate":"2021-07-12","adsh":"0000905718-21-000914"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_VIG_20240516","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VIG 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper buy $VIG 4 days before a corporate insider (Vig Ritu  (CIK 0001787703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VIG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-05-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VIG","filer":"Vig Ritu  (CIK 0001787703)","filingDate":"2024-05-20","adsh":"0001171843-24-002996"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_C000174_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+27 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper accumulated 52 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 27 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":27,"totalRaw":52}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P65_C000174_2020-03-27","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2020-03-27 — 57 unique tickers","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper executed 60 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2020-03-27 to 2020-04-02), spanning 57 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2020-03-27","windowEnd":"2020-04-02","tradeCount":60,"uniqueTickers":57,"totalDisclosedTrades":736,"sampleTickers":["PYPL","CVS","SWKS","DIS","MSFT","IWN","CFG","GLAD","MPC","OAYIX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_C000174","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 11 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 75 total findings across the platform","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper appears in 11 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 75 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 11 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider followed trade (26); insider front ran trade (26); coordinated trade cluster (10); reg rule trade proximity (6); contract committee trade (1).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":11,"totalFindings":75,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":10},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P36_SYSTEMIC_CONCERN","count":1},{"type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/C000174","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P136_C000174","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas R. Carper ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.0M across 19 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper's FEC-bulk record shows $19.0M in lifetime PAC contributions across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $37.5M (PAC: $19.0M, individual: $17.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.98,"lifetimeReceiptsM":37.51,"lifetimeIndividualM":17.6,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S8DE00079"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8DE00079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C000174","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas R. Carper draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.0M PAC / $37.5M total)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.0M of $37.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.98,"lifetimeReceiptsM":37.51,"pacSharePct":50.6,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"S8DE00079"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8DE00079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_C000174","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas R. Carper executed 15 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL GLD (0d apart)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper has 15 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL GLD 2020-04-02 → 2020-04-02 (0d) · BUY→SELL GLD 2022-01-18 → 2022-01-26 (8d) · BUY→SELL CEF 2022-01-18 → 2022-01-31 (13d) · BUY→SELL SQM 2022-08-18 → 2022-09-08 (21d) · SELL→BUY NVDA 2022-01-18 → 2022-01-31 (13d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":15,"samples":[{"ticker":"GLD","days":0,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-02","date2":"2020-04-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GLD","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-01-18","date2":"2022-01-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"CEF","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-01-18","date2":"2022-01-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SQM","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-08-18","date2":"2022-09-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"NVDA","days":13,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-01-18","date2":"2022-01-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GBIL","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-07-09","date2":"2020-08-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PSQ","days":7,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-01-04","date2":"2021-01-11","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PSQ","days":5,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2023-08-18","date2":"2023-08-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_C000174","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas R. Carper triggers 23 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper accumulates 23 HIGH-severity findings across 15 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":23,"distinctDetectorTypes":15}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_C000174_2020-11-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas R. Carper — 58 trades on 2020-11-20","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper disclosed 58 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2020-11-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2020-11-20","count":58}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C000174","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas R. Carper — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (736/736)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":736,"atBracket":736,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C000174","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas R. Carper — 284 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper has traded 284 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":284,"sample":["AY","TGT","FDRR","EFAD","VIG","PRF","VEA","COWZ","ICOW","SMDV"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P181_C000174","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas R. Carper — 89 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper sponsored 89 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":89}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C000174_DD","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas R. Carper — 16 disclosed trades in single ticker DD","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper traded DD on 16 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the DD trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"DD","count":16}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_C000174","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas R. Carper — 3 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper has traded 3 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":3,"tickers":["CRWD","SNOW","DDOG"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_C000174","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas R. Carper — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Thomas R. Carper has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000174","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-r.-carper/C000174"]}],"C000567":[{"id":"P17_C000567_FTV_2016-07-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought FTV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-07-05 and 2016-07-08, 3 members took the same direction on FTV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTV","date":"2016-07-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FTV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"}],"span":"2016-07-05 to 2016-07-08"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000567_GILD_2014-12-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold GILD within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-12-23 and 2014-12-26, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on GILD. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2014-12-23","action":"SELL","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GILD","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"}],"span":"2014-12-23 to 2014-12-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000567_DWDP_2017-09-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought DWDP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-09-01 and 2017-09-07, 3 members took the same direction on DWDP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"DWDP","date":"2017-09-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"DWDP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"D000624","name":"Debbie Dingell"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"}],"span":"2017-09-01 to 2017-09-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000567_BMY_2016-08-05","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BMY within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-08-05 and 2016-08-11, 3 members (Pharma sector) took the same direction on BMY. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2016-08-05","action":"BUY","sector":"Pharma","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BMY","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2016-08-05 to 2016-08-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000567_BHF_2017-08-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought BHF within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-08-07 and 2017-08-10, 3 members took the same direction on BHF. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BHF","date":"2017-08-07","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BHF","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"P000523","name":"David E. Price"}],"span":"2017-08-07 to 2017-08-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000567_CELG_2017-10-20","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CELG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-20 and 2017-10-27, 3 members took the same direction on CELG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CELG","date":"2017-10-20","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CELG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"S001190","name":"Bradley “Brad” Schneider"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2017-10-20 to 2017-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C000567_COV_2014-07-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold COV within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-07-31 and 2014-08-07, 3 members took the same direction on COV. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COV","date":"2014-07-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"COV","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"C000567","name":"Thad Cochran"},{"bioguideId":"F000451","name":"Michael G. Fitzpatrick"}],"span":"2014-07-31 to 2014-08-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C000567_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Healthcare trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Healthcare bills","explanation":"Member Thad Cochran cast Healthcare-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BDX","date":"2015-01-05","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","daysDiff":21,"sector":"Healthcare"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C000567_Energy","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Energy bills","explanation":"Member Thad Cochran cast Energy-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2014-12-29","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":13,"sector":"Energy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P22_C000567_Finance","pattern_type":"P22_POST_VOTE_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within 21 days AFTER voting on Finance bills","explanation":"Member Thad Cochran cast Finance-sector votes and then traded in that sector within a 14-day window — a pattern where positioning happens AFTER the vote result (signal: reacting to known outcomes, not anticipating).","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2014-12-22","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","daysDiff":6,"sector":"Finance"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_C000567_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MS R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COCHRAN, William Thad voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_C000567","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"19% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 519 disclosed trades, 97 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.7× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":97,"total":519,"rate":18.7},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":2.72}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P82_C000567_2012","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thad Cochran filed 2 amendments to the 2012 Senate annual disclosure — 6 total amendments across 2 years","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Thad Cochran's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2012 report alone, with 6 amendments across 2 years of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2012,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":6,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":2,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/168EC1DD-275D-4E21-AFA5-EE482D198926/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/64254D23-489B-4C46-97D1-D2C020C1E398/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/168EC1DD-275D-4E21-AFA5-EE482D198926/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/64254D23-489B-4C46-97D1-D2C020C1E398/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_C000567","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thad Cochran draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.1M PAC / $37.4M total)","explanation":"Thad Cochran's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.1M of $37.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":37.42,"pacSharePct":37.7,"cycleCount":27,"fecId":"S8MS00055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MS00055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_C000567","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thad Cochran disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 2 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL BGG $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"Thad Cochran has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 2 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL BGG $250,001 - $500,000 on 2016-04-22 · BUY WSHFX $100,001 - $250,000 on 2015-12-16 · BUY KHC $250,001 - $500,000 on 2015-07-16.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":2,"lowerBoundSum":600003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"BGG","action":"SELL","date":"2016-04-22","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"WSHFX","action":"BUY","date":"2015-12-16","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"KHC","action":"BUY","date":"2015-07-16","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_C000567","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thad Cochran executed 36 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL WCC (18d apart)","explanation":"Thad Cochran has 36 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL WCC 2018-03-02 → 2018-03-20 (18d) · BUY→SELL EPD 2016-10-13 → 2016-10-28 (15d) · BUY→SELL D 2018-02-23 → 2018-03-16 (21d) · BUY→SELL GE 2014-11-17 → 2014-12-17 (30d) · BUY→SELL CLF 2018-02-07 → 2018-02-20 (13d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":36,"samples":[{"ticker":"WCC","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-03-02","date2":"2018-03-20","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"EPD","days":15,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-10-13","date2":"2016-10-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"D","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-02-23","date2":"2018-03-16","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GE","days":30,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-11-17","date2":"2014-12-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"CLF","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-02-07","date2":"2018-02-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"UNVR","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-01-15","date2":"2018-02-08","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AL","days":21,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-01-15","date2":"2018-02-05","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AXE","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-01-29","date2":"2016-02-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_C000567_2014-12-09","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thad Cochran — 12 trades on 2014-12-09","explanation":"Thad Cochran disclosed 12 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2014-12-09). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2014-12-09","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C000567","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thad Cochran — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (517/519)","explanation":"Thad Cochran's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":519,"atBracket":517,"pct":"99.6"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C000567","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thad Cochran — 224 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Thad Cochran has traded 224 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":224,"sample":["ABBV","CNHI","STWD","CCIZX","WCC","EPD","D","TRGP","FDUS","GE"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"P000593":[{"id":"P17_P000593_USB_2020-04-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold USB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-02 and 2020-04-09, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on USB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2020-04-02","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"USB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000616","name":"Dean Phillips"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000593","name":"Ed Perlmutter"}],"span":"2020-04-02 to 2020-04-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000593_USB_2020-04-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold USB within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-04-08 and 2020-04-14, 3 members (Finance sector) took the same direction on USB. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2020-04-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Finance","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"USB","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000593","name":"Ed Perlmutter"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2020-04-08 to 2020-04-14"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_P000593_F_2021-11-02","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought F within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2021-11-02 and 2021-11-05, 3 members took the same direction on F. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"F","date":"2021-11-02","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"F","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"P000593","name":"Ed Perlmutter"},{"bioguideId":"T000278","name":"Tommy Tuberville"}],"span":"2021-11-02 to 2021-11-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000593_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"22 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ed Perlmutter executed 22 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-11-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-11-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2022-05-20","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","date":"2022-05-13","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"International Trademark Classification Changes","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2022-10-11"},{"source":"regulation","title":"International Trademark Classification Changes","agency":"Commerce Department, Patent and Trademark Office","date":"2022-10-11"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000593_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ed Perlmutter executed 4 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-09-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-09-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GILD","date":"2020-07-15","action":"BUY","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-06-10","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"21st Century Cures Act: Interoperability, Information Blocking, and the ONC Health IT Certification Program","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-08-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"21st Century Cures Act: Interoperability, Information Blocking, and the ONC Health IT Certification Program","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Office of the Secretary","date":"2020-08-04"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000593_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ed Perlmutter executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2020-06-10","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"USB","date":"2020-04-09","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Updated Disclosure Requirements and Summary Prospectus for Variable Annuity and Variable Life Insurance Contracts","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2020-05-13"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Removal of Terrorism Sanctions Regulations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2020-03-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_P000593_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Ed Perlmutter executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","date":"2020-04-22","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-03-23"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_P000593_Telecom","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Telecom BUYs filed 138d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Telecom (3 buys vs 2 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Telecom","count":5,"avgGap":138,"buys":3,"sells":2},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":67,"avgGap":74}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_P000593","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"47% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 7.3× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 91 disclosed trades, 43 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 7.3× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":43,"total":91,"rate":47.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":7.34}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_P000593_AMZN_20201118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $AMZN 1 day after a corporate insider (STONESIFER PATRICIA Q  (CIK 0001184756)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"STONESIFER PATRICIA Q  (CIK 0001184756)","filingDate":"2020-11-17","adsh":"0001127602-20-029261","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_COST_20201007","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $COST 1 day after a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-10-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-10-06","adsh":"0001567619-20-017633","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_MSFT_20200610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $MSFT 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $MSFT 2 days after a corporate insider (STANTON JOHN W  (CIK 0000904858)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"STANTON JOHN W  (CIK 0000904858)","filingDate":"2020-06-08","adsh":"0001626431-20-000044","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_PFE_20200610","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PFE 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $PFE 2 days after a corporate insider (DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)","filingDate":"2020-06-08","adsh":"0001225208-20-008708","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_AMZN_20221110","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $AMZN 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $AMZN 3 days after a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2022-11-07","adsh":"0001127602-22-025033","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_GOOG_20210511","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GOOG 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $GOOG 4 days after a corporate insider (O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOG","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-05-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GOOG","filer":"O'Toole Amie Thuener  (CIK 0001738007)","filingDate":"2021-05-07","adsh":"0001209191-21-030980","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_MSFT_20200914","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $MSFT 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $MSFT 5 days after a corporate insider (SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"SCHARF CHARLES W  (CIK 0001195358)","filingDate":"2020-09-09","adsh":"0001819285-20-000026","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_KR_20220719","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KR 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $KR 5 days after a corporate insider (COSSET YAEL  (CIK 0001694418)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KR","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"KR","filer":"COSSET YAEL  (CIK 0001694418)","filingDate":"2022-07-14","adsh":"0001209191-22-042104","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_NEM_20201118","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NEM 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $NEM 5 days after a corporate insider (Gottesfeld Stephen P  (CIK 0001536310)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEM","filer":"Gottesfeld Stephen P  (CIK 0001536310)","filingDate":"2020-11-13","adsh":"0001164727-20-000238","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_P000593_AAPL_20200203","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $AAPL 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $AAPL 5 days after a corporate insider (GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"GORE ALBERT JR  (CIK 0001224944)","filingDate":"2020-01-29","adsh":"0000320193-20-000011","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_NEM_20201112","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NEM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $NEM 1 day before a corporate insider (Gottesfeld Stephen P  (CIK 0001536310)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEM","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NEM","filer":"Gottesfeld Stephen P  (CIK 0001536310)","filingDate":"2020-11-13","adsh":"0001164727-20-000238"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_AAPL_20200203","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $AAPL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $AAPL 1 day before a corporate insider (LEVINSON ARTHUR D  (CIK 0001214128)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"LEVINSON ARTHUR D  (CIK 0001214128)","filingDate":"2020-02-04","adsh":"0000320193-20-000021"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_PFE_20200901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PFE 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $PFE 1 day before a corporate insider (JOHNSON RADY A  (CIK 0001594762)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"JOHNSON RADY A  (CIK 0001594762)","filingDate":"2020-09-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-011166"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_MSFT_20200914","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $MSFT 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $MSFT 2 days before a corporate insider (Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MSFT","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-14"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MSFT","filer":"Hood Amy  (CIK 0001576843)","filingDate":"2020-09-16","adsh":"0001819285-20-000042"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_AMZN_20201118","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AMZN 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $AMZN 2 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2020-11-20","adsh":"0001127602-20-029688"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_AMZN_20220513","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AMZN 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $AMZN 3 days before a corporate insider (BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-13"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"BEZOS JEFFREY P  (CIK 0001043298)","filingDate":"2022-05-16","adsh":"0001127602-22-014651"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_SQ_20200918","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $SQ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $SQ 3 days before a corporate insider (Apotheker Leo  (CIK 0001504857)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SQ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SQ","filer":"Apotheker Leo  (CIK 0001504857)","filingDate":"2020-09-21","adsh":"0000899243-20-025787"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_VZ_20200610","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $VZ 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $VZ 5 days before a corporate insider (Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)","filingDate":"2020-06-15","adsh":"0001611593-20-000155"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_PFE_20200610","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $PFE 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $PFE 6 days before a corporate insider (YOUNG JOHN D  (CIK 0001551792)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"YOUNG JOHN D  (CIK 0001551792)","filingDate":"2020-06-16","adsh":"0001225208-20-009047"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_BRK.B_20210616","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BRK.B 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $BRK.B 7 days before a corporate insider (Abel Gregory  (CIK 0001646348)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BRK.B","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BRK.B","filer":"Abel Gregory  (CIK 0001646348)","filingDate":"2021-06-23","adsh":"0001081316-21-000023"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_AMZN_20221110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMZN 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $AMZN 7 days before a corporate insider (Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMZN","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMZN","filer":"Herrington Douglas J  (CIK 0001936006)","filingDate":"2022-11-17","adsh":"0000899243-22-036208"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_VZ_20200901","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $VZ 7 days before a corporate insider (Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Dunne Ronan  (CIK 0001748263)","filingDate":"2020-09-08","adsh":"0001611593-20-000222"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_COST_20221110","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $COST 7 days before a corporate insider (ROMAINE STEPHEN S  (CIK 0001201525)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-11-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"ROMAINE STEPHEN S  (CIK 0001201525)","filingDate":"2022-11-17","adsh":"0001127602-22-025879"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_COST_20211126","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $COST 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $COST 7 days before a corporate insider (Teter Jason P  (CIK 0001627941)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"Teter Jason P  (CIK 0001627941)","filingDate":"2021-12-03","adsh":"0001562180-21-007455"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_COST_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter buy $COST 7 days before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001567619-20-007004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_AAPL_20200422","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAPL 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $AAPL 8 days before a corporate insider (JUNG ANDREA  (CIK 0001051401)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-22"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAPL","filer":"JUNG ANDREA  (CIK 0001051401)","filingDate":"2020-04-30","adsh":"0000320193-20-000054"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_P000593_SWK_20200610","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SWK 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter sell $SWK 8 days before a corporate insider (STOCKTON DMITRI L  (CIK 0001614734)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SWK","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SWK","filer":"STOCKTON DMITRI L  (CIK 0001614734)","filingDate":"2020-06-18","adsh":"0001127602-20-020057"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P49_P000593_2018-06-07_Energy","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $KMI 24 days before a Energy floor speech","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter delivered a 341-word floor speech on 2018-06-07 that the classifier tagged Energy sector (preview: \"Mr. Chair, I offer a simple amendment today to in- crease funding for DOE’s Energy Effi- ciency and Renewable Energy’s facili- ties and infrastructure account by $5 million. Mr. Chair, I would like to…\"). The member buy $KMI (a Energy-sector stock) 24 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2018-06-07","chamber":"House","wordCount":341,"sector":"Energy","textPreview":"Mr. Chair, I offer a simple amendment today to in- crease funding for DOE’s Energy Effi- ciency and Renewable Energy’s facili- ties and infrastructure account by $5 million. Mr. Chair, I would like to","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/06/07/164/94/CREC-2018-06-07-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"KMI","sector":"Energy","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2018-05-14"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2018/06/07/164/94/CREC-2018-06-07-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P136_P000593","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ed Perlmutter ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.4M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter's FEC-bulk record shows $18.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $36.6M (PAC: $18.4M, individual: $17.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.62,"lifetimeIndividualM":17.48,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6CO07023"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CO07023/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_P000593","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ed Perlmutter draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.4M PAC / $36.6M total)","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.4M of $36.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.62,"pacSharePct":50.3,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H6CO07023"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CO07023/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_P000593","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ed Perlmutter executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY CHPT (9d apart)","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY CHPT 2022-11-01 → 2022-11-10 (9d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"CHPT","days":9,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-11-01","date2":"2022-11-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_P000593","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ed Perlmutter triggers 10 HIGH-severity findings across 10 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter accumulates 10 HIGH-severity findings across 10 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":10,"distinctDetectorTypes":10}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P179_P000593","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ed Perlmutter — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (91/91)","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":91,"atBracket":91,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P197_P000593","pattern_type":"P197_RECENT_IPO_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ed Perlmutter — 2 recent-IPO ticker positions (post-2018)","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter has traded 2 recent-IPO companies (Uber, Lyft, Palantir, Coinbase, Rivian, Robinhood, Reddit, etc., all post-2018). Newly-public companies often represent \"hot\" allocation opportunities — pre-IPO shares for connected investors, post-IPO trading by underwriter network. Cross-reference the IPO timing against the member's Senate Banking, Finance, or Commerce committee work, particularly any IPO-related rulemaking or hearings.","evidence":[{"source":"recent_ipo_holdings","count":2,"tickers":["COIN","SQ"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_P000593","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ed Perlmutter — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Ed Perlmutter has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000593","https://www.congress.gov/member/ed-perlmutter/P000593"]}],"C001071":[{"id":"P17_C001071_AZN_2014-04-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold AZN within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-04-25 and 2014-05-01, 3 members took the same direction on AZN. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AZN","date":"2014-04-25","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AZN","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S001148","name":"Michael “Mike” Simpson"},{"bioguideId":"C001071","name":"Bob Corker"},{"bioguideId":"M001157","name":"Michael McCaul"}],"span":"2014-04-25 to 2014-05-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_C001071_ESRX_2014-04-23","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought ESRX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2014-04-23 and 2014-04-29, 3 members took the same direction on ESRX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ESRX","date":"2014-04-23","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"ESRX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"H001051","name":"Richard L. Hanna"},{"bioguideId":"C001071","name":"Bob Corker"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"}],"span":"2014-04-23 to 2014-04-29"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_C001071_Agriculture","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Agriculture BUYs filed 107d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Agriculture (5 buys vs 3 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Agriculture","count":8,"avgGap":107,"buys":5,"sells":3},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":301,"avgGap":85}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_C001071_Pharma","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pharma BUYs filed 93d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Pharma (11 buys vs 7 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Pharma","count":18,"avgGap":93,"buys":11,"sells":7},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":301,"avgGap":85}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_C001071_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CORKER, Robert (Bob) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":645,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Christopher Smith, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Energy (Fossil Ener"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"John Charles Cruden, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Attorney General"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_C001071","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"62% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 9.0× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 842 disclosed trades, 521 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 9.0× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":521,"total":842,"rate":61.9},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":9.02}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_C001071_PSO_20140528","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"1 trade in PSO 8 days before SEC action","explanation":"Bob Corker sold PSO within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. The SELL direction is the core signal — exiting a position just before the stock takes a regulatory hit suggests non-public timing knowledge. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"SEC","date":"2014-05-28","title":"Robert G. Pearson and Illinois Stock Transfer Company d/b/a IST Shareholder Services","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23007"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PSO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-05-20","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23007"]},{"id":"P37_C001071_AAPL_20140520","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2014-Q2 while APPLE, INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bob Corker executed a sell in AAPL during 2014-Q2, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE, INC., TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-05-20","quarter":"2014-Q2"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q2","matchedClients":["APPLE, INC.","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA","U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_C001071_AAPL_20140108","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2014-Q1 while U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Bob Corker executed a buy in AAPL during 2014-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION, APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2014-01-08","quarter":"2014-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2014-Q1","matchedClients":["U.S. APPLE ASSOCIATION","APPLE, INC.","APPLE INC"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P65_C001071_2014-05-14","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"267 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2014-05-14 — 255 unique tickers","explanation":"Bob Corker executed 267 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2014-05-14 to 2014-05-20), spanning 255 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2014-05-14","windowEnd":"2014-05-20","tradeCount":267,"uniqueTickers":255,"totalDisclosedTrades":842,"sampleTickers":["STZ","AVGO","EMC","TOT","EXPE","TRW","EWBC","DGX","MCHP","STX"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P137_C001071","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Corker ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $83M across 15 cycles","explanation":"Bob Corker's FEC-bulk record shows $82.8M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":82.75,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6TN00216"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6TN00216/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_C001071","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Corker disclosed 14 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 12 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL OAS $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Bob Corker has filed 14 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 12 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL OAS $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2016-04-08 · SELL WLL $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2016-04-08 · SELL MAC $250,001 - $500,000 on 2015-09-16 · SELL MAC $250,001 - $500,000 on 2015-09-03.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":14,"veryHighCount":12,"lowerBoundSum":7200014,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"OAS","action":"SELL","date":"2016-04-08","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"WLL","action":"SELL","date":"2016-04-08","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"MAC","action":"SELL","date":"2015-09-16","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MAC","action":"SELL","date":"2015-09-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"CHK","action":"SELL","date":"2015-08-25","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"MAC","action":"BUY","date":"2015-08-24","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_C001071","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Corker executed 50 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL MAC (28d apart)","explanation":"Bob Corker has 50 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL MAC 2015-07-15 → 2015-08-12 (28d) · SELL→BUY MAC 2015-08-12 → 2015-08-24 (12d) · BUY→SELL MAC 2015-08-24 → 2015-09-03 (10d) · BUY→SELL CHK 2015-08-24 → 2015-08-25 (1d) · BUY→SELL EMC 2014-04-28 → 2014-05-02 (4d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":50,"samples":[{"ticker":"MAC","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-07-15","date2":"2015-08-12","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"MAC","days":12,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-08-12","date2":"2015-08-24","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MAC","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-08-24","date2":"2015-09-03","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"CHK","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-08-24","date2":"2015-08-25","amount1":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","amount2":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"EMC","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-04-28","date2":"2014-05-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"OCR","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-01-08","date2":"2014-01-10","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"M","days":26,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-01-08","date2":"2014-02-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"M","days":28,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2014-02-03","date2":"2014-03-03","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_C001071_2014-05-20","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Corker — 265 trades on 2014-05-20","explanation":"Bob Corker disclosed 265 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2014-05-20). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2014-05-20","count":265}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_C001071","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Corker — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (830/842)","explanation":"Bob Corker's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":842,"atBracket":830,"pct":"98.6"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_C001071","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Corker — 293 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Bob Corker has traded 293 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":293,"sample":["OAS","WLL","MAC","CHK","CBL","EMC","STZ","TOT","EXPE","TRW"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_C001071_AAPL","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Corker — 12 disclosed trades in single ticker AAPL","explanation":"Bob Corker traded AAPL on 12 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the AAPL trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"AAPL","count":12}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"B001297":[{"id":"P17_B001297_QCOM_2017-10-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-31 and 2017-11-07, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2017-10-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"},{"bioguideId":"C001075","name":"Bill Cassidy"}],"span":"2017-10-31 to 2017-11-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001297_QCOM_2017-11-07","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold QCOM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-11-07 and 2017-11-07, 3 members (Technology sector) took the same direction on QCOM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2017-11-07","action":"SELL","sector":"Technology","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"QCOM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"},{"bioguideId":"C001075","name":"Bill Cassidy"},{"bioguideId":"P000612","name":"David Perdue"}],"span":"2017-11-07 to 2017-11-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001297_GSK_2017-10-24","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GSK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-24 and 2017-10-27, 3 members took the same direction on GSK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GSK","date":"2017-10-24","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GSK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"},{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"}],"span":"2017-10-24 to 2017-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_B001297_GSK_2017-10-25","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought GSK within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-10-25 and 2017-10-27, 3 members took the same direction on GSK. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GSK","date":"2017-10-25","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"GSK","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"S000250","name":"Pete Sessions"},{"bioguideId":"F000450","name":"Virginia Foxx"},{"bioguideId":"B001297","name":"Ken Buck"}],"span":"2017-10-25 to 2017-10-27"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_B001297_1h5kg","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Ken Buck sits on committees overseeing Legal, Technology, Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"QCOM","date":"2017-11-07","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":30000,"agencies":["Department of Commerce"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P49_B001297_2017-11-02_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ABT 5 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"Ken Buck delivered a 393-word floor speech on 2017-11-02 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the opportunity to recognize several distinguished Members of the House for the next hour. When our constituents show up on the first Tuesday in November to exer- cise their…\"). The member sell $ABT (a Healthcare-sector stock) 5 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-11-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":393,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the opportunity to recognize several distinguished Members of the House for the next hour. When our constituents show up on the first Tuesday in November to exer- cise their ","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/11/02/CREC-2017-11-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ABT","sector":"Healthcare","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/11/02/CREC-2017-11-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_B001297_2017-11-02_Finance","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $BAC 5 days after a Finance floor speech","explanation":"Ken Buck delivered a 1964-word floor speech on 2017-11-02 that the classifier tagged Finance sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank my friend from Arizona for his insight, and I appreciate his comments here to- night. Mr. Speaker, in 2010, President Obama and Congress passed the Dodd- Frank legislation that at…\"). The member sell $BAC (a Finance-sector stock) 5 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-11-02","chamber":"House","wordCount":1964,"sector":"Finance","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank my friend from Arizona for his insight, and I appreciate his comments here to- night. Mr. Speaker, in 2010, President Obama and Congress passed the Dodd- Frank legislation that at","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/11/02/CREC-2017-11-02-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-07"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-27"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","sector":"Finance","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-10-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/11/02/CREC-2017-11-02-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_B001297_2017-10-27","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"37 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2017-10-27 — 37 unique tickers","explanation":"Ken Buck executed 37 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2017-10-27 to 2017-10-27), spanning 37 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2017-10-27","windowEnd":"2017-10-27","tradeCount":37,"uniqueTickers":37,"totalDisclosedTrades":77,"sampleTickers":["PBF","ISNPY","TOT","GSK","DBD","QCOM","YARIY","ING","BAC","EBKDY"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_B001297","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ken Buck executed 36 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL OAK (11d apart)","explanation":"Ken Buck has 36 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL OAK 2017-10-27 → 2017-11-07 (11d) · BUY→SELL BBVA 2017-10-27 → 2017-11-07 (11d) · BUY→SELL QCOM 2017-10-27 → 2017-11-07 (11d) · BUY→SELL ORAN 2017-10-27 → 2017-11-07 (11d) · BUY→SELL PHG 2017-10-27 → 2017-11-07 (11d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":36,"samples":[{"ticker":"OAK","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BBVA","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"QCOM","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ORAN","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"PHG","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BBT","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ING","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"ISNPY","days":11,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-10-27","date2":"2017-11-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_B001297_2017-11-07","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ken Buck — 37 trades on 2017-11-07","explanation":"Ken Buck disclosed 37 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-11-07). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-11-07","count":37}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_B001297","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ken Buck — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (77/77)","explanation":"Ken Buck's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":77,"atBracket":77,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B001297","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ken Buck — 39 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Ken Buck has traded 39 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":39,"sample":["HP","OAK","BBVA","QCOM","ORAN","PHG","BBT","ING","ISNPY","SNY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"Y000062":[{"id":"P17_Y000062_BA_2020-03-31","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold BA within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-03-31 and 2020-04-07, 3 members (Defense sector) took the same direction on BA. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-03-31","action":"SELL","sector":"Defense","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"BA","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"G000583","name":"Josh Gottheimer"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"}],"span":"2020-03-31 to 2020-04-07"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_Y000062_KHC_2018-11-13","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-13 and 2018-11-19, 4 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2018-11-13","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":4,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-11-13 to 2018-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_Y000062_KHC_2018-11-14","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold KHC within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-14 and 2018-11-19, 3 members (Agriculture sector) took the same direction on KHC. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"KHC","date":"2018-11-14","action":"SELL","sector":"Agriculture","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"KHC","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"W000802","name":"Sheldon Whitehouse"},{"bioguideId":"G000584","name":"Greg Gianforte"}],"span":"2018-11-14 to 2018-11-19"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P17_Y000062_CELG_2018-11-09","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold CELG within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2018-11-09 and 2018-11-16, 3 members took the same direction on CELG. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CELG","date":"2018-11-09","action":"SELL","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"CELG","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"Y000062","name":"John A. Yarmuth"},{"bioguideId":"I000024","name":"James M. Inhofe"}],"span":"2018-11-09 to 2018-11-16"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_Y000062_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John A. Yarmuth executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2021-09-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-11,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-09-08","action":"BUY","daysDiff":5,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Internal Personnel Rules and Practices of the NTSB","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2021-10-04"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Waybill Sample Reporting","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-09-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_Y000062_Defense","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Defense trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John A. Yarmuth executed 4 Defense-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2021-09-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2021-09-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NOC","date":"2020-06-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2020-03-31","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Defense and Space S.A. (Formerly Known as Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A.) Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-08-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Defense and Space S.A. (Formerly Known as Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A.) Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-08-24"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_Y000062_Pharma","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"4 Pharma trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John A. Yarmuth executed 4 Pharma-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2021-09-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","date":"2021-09-22","action":"BUY","daysDiff":20,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","date":"2020-05-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMGN","date":"2020-05-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Butterfly Pea Flower Extract","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2021-09-02"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Listing of Color Additives Exempt From Certification; Butterfly Pea Flower Extract","agency":"Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration","date":"2021-09-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_Y000062_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"14 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John A. Yarmuth executed 14 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AVGO","date":"2021-09-23","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","date":"2021-03-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"GOOGL","date":"2021-03-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","date":"2021-03-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Pacific Halibut Fisheries; Catch Sharing Plan; Inseason Action","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-08-24"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Coastal Migratory Pelagic Resources of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Region; 2020-2021 Commercial Closure for Spanish ","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-02-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_Y000062_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John A. Yarmuth executed 17 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"JPM","date":"2021-03-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MS","date":"2021-03-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"BAC","date":"2021-03-05","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MA","date":"2021-01-28","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Capital Planning and Stress Testing Requirements for Large Bank Holding Companies, Intermediate Holding Companies and Sa","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2021-02-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Capital Planning and Stress Testing Requirements for Large Bank Holding Companies, Intermediate Holding Companies and Sa","agency":"Federal Reserve System","date":"2021-02-03"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_Y000062_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member John A. Yarmuth executed 8 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NEE","date":"2021-03-05","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"COP","date":"2020-09-15","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMS","date":"2020-08-27","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-05-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":28,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Discretionary Review by the Secretary of Labor","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Labor Department, Office of the Secretary of Labor","date":"2021-02-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Final Waiver and Extension of the Project Periods for the American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program","agency":"Education Department","date":"2020-08-17"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_Y000062_f2zsi8","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 15 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 15 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GD","date":"2021-09-23","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":36050542.61,"agencies":["Department of Transportation","Department of Commerce","Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"TMO","date":"2021-09-23","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":160490.97999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2021-09-23","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":560104,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"UPS","date":"2021-03-05","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":13007559.979999997,"agencies":["National Transportation Safety Board","Department of Transportation","Department of the Treasury"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"HON","date":"2021-03-05","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":2818221.0700000003,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P21_Y000062_Transportation","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Transportation BUYs filed 75d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Transportation (6 buys vs 4 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Transportation","count":10,"avgGap":75,"buys":6,"sells":4},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":246,"avgGap":59}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P33_Y000062","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 6 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sits on committees regulating Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Real Estate, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and actively trades in Telecom, Transportation, Defense, Technology, Healthcare, Finance. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Finance","Healthcare","Defense","Real Estate","Technology","Telecom","Transportation"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Telecom","count":20},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Transportation","count":10},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Defense","count":11},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Technology","count":39},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Healthcare","count":13},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":41}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_BMY_20210923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BMY 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $BMY 1 day after a corporate insider (Caforio Giovanni  (CIK 0001533201)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BMY","filer":"Caforio Giovanni  (CIK 0001533201)","filingDate":"2021-09-22","adsh":"0000014272-21-000204","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_FB_20210305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $FB 2 days after a corporate insider (CROSS JAMES W IV  (CIK 0001239015)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"CROSS JAMES W IV  (CIK 0001239015)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001649749-21-000042","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_NFLX_20210305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $NFLX 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $NFLX 2 days after a corporate insider (KILGORE LESLIE J  (CIK 0001218352)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFLX","filer":"KILGORE LESLIE J  (CIK 0001218352)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001065280-21-000098","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_HON_20210305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $HON 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $HON 2 days after a corporate insider (Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Hon Karen  (CIK 0001787570)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001562180-21-001845","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_CMCSA_20210305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $CMCSA 2 days after a corporate insider (ROBERTS BRIAN L  (CIK 0001063948)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"ROBERTS BRIAN L  (CIK 0001063948)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001225208-21-004502","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_VZ_20210305","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $VZ 2 days after a corporate insider (Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Gowrappan Kumara Guru  (CIK 0001753912)","filingDate":"2021-03-03","adsh":"0001062993-21-002255","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_EBAY_20200903","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $EBAY 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $EBAY 2 days after a corporate insider (Huber Marie Oh  (CIK 0001471619)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EBAY","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EBAY","filer":"Huber Marie Oh  (CIK 0001471619)","filingDate":"2020-09-01","adsh":"0001471619-20-000012","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_CME_20200701","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CME 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $CME 2 days after a corporate insider (Bitsberger Timothy S.  (CIK 0001434852)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CME","filer":"Bitsberger Timothy S.  (CIK 0001434852)","filingDate":"2020-06-29","adsh":"0001156375-20-000050","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_LHCG_20200702","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LHCG 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $LHCG 2 days after a corporate insider (Myers Keith G  (CIK 0001322565)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHCG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-02"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHCG","filer":"Myers Keith G  (CIK 0001322565)","filingDate":"2020-06-30","adsh":"0001303313-20-000054","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_C_20200529","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $C 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $C 3 days after a corporate insider (WESCHLER, R. TED  (CIK 0001130334)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"C","filer":"WESCHLER, R. TED  (CIK 0001130334)","filingDate":"2020-05-26","adsh":"0001209191-20-032186","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_GD_20210923","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $GD 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $GD 3 days after a corporate insider (Nye C Howard  (CIK 0001373147)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GD","filer":"Nye C Howard  (CIK 0001373147)","filingDate":"2021-09-20","adsh":"0001209191-21-056838","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_Y000062_CCI_20200701","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $CCI 5 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $CCI 5 days after a corporate insider (ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CCI","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CCI","filer":"ICAHN CARL C  (CIK 0000921669)","filingDate":"2020-06-26","adsh":"0001567619-20-012630","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_ECL_20200701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ECL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $ECL 1 day before a corporate insider (HIGGINS ARTHUR J  (CIK 0001142083)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ECL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ECL","filer":"HIGGINS ARTHUR J  (CIK 0001142083)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001179110-20-007959"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_APD_20200701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $APD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $APD 1 day before a corporate insider (CARTER SUSAN K  (CIK 0001238886)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"APD","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"APD","filer":"CARTER SUSAN K  (CIK 0001238886)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-009427"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_GS_20200701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $GS 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $GS 1 day before a corporate insider (GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC  (GS, GSCE, GS-PA, GS-PC, GS-PD)  (CIK 0000886982)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"GS","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"GS","filer":"GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC  (GS, GSCE, GS-PA, GS-PC, GS-PD)  (CIK 0000886982)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001140361-20-015386"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_CME_20200608","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $CME 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $CME 1 day before a corporate insider (Holzrichter Julie  (CIK 0001409442)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CME","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CME","filer":"Holzrichter Julie  (CIK 0001409442)","filingDate":"2020-06-09","adsh":"0001156375-20-000046"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_SYY_20210923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $SYY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $SYY 1 day before a corporate insider (Robinson Cathy Marie  (CIK 0001607893)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SYY","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SYY","filer":"Robinson Cathy Marie  (CIK 0001607893)","filingDate":"2021-09-24","adsh":"0000096021-21-000111"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_TLRY_20201105","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $TLRY 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $TLRY 1 day before a corporate insider (Kennedy Brendan  (CIK 0001746070)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TLRY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TLRY","filer":"Kennedy Brendan  (CIK 0001746070)","filingDate":"2020-11-06","adsh":"0001209191-20-057378"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_XOM_20200331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $XOM 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $XOM 2 days before a corporate insider (Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Schleckser Robert N  (CIK 0001519092)","filingDate":"2020-04-02","adsh":"0001127602-20-012570"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_FB_20210305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $FB 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $FB 3 days before a corporate insider (Johnson Timothy L.  (CIK 0001684402)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"Johnson Timothy L.  (CIK 0001684402)","filingDate":"2021-03-08","adsh":"0001649749-21-000052"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_HON_20200331","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $HON 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $HON 3 days before a corporate insider (Odierno Raymond T  (CIK 0001739703)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-31"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"HON","filer":"Odierno Raymond T  (CIK 0001739703)","filingDate":"2020-04-03","adsh":"0000950117-20-000161"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_VZ_20210305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 3 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $VZ 3 days before a corporate insider (Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)","filingDate":"2021-03-08","adsh":"0001062993-21-002439"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_CSCO_20200910","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CSCO 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $CSCO 4 days before a corporate insider (BHATT PRAT  (CIK 0001469167)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-09-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"BHATT PRAT  (CIK 0001469167)","filingDate":"2020-09-14","adsh":"0001209191-20-050337"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_TLRY_20210212","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $TLRY 4 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $TLRY 4 days before a corporate insider (Kennedy Brendan  (CIK 0001746070)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TLRY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-12"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"TLRY","filer":"Kennedy Brendan  (CIK 0001746070)","filingDate":"2021-02-16","adsh":"0001209191-21-011024"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_V_20210128","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $V 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $V 5 days before a corporate insider (Versant Vantage I GP-GP, LLC  (CIK 0001777653)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"V","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-01-28"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"V","filer":"Versant Vantage I GP-GP, LLC  (CIK 0001777653)","filingDate":"2021-02-02","adsh":"0000899243-21-004263"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_SHW_20210305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $SHW 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $SHW 5 days before a corporate insider (IPPOLITO PETER J.  (CIK 0001729232)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"SHW","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"SHW","filer":"IPPOLITO PETER J.  (CIK 0001729232)","filingDate":"2021-03-10","adsh":"0001209191-21-019658"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_WFC_20200701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $WFC 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $WFC 5 days before a corporate insider (Clark Celeste A.  (CIK 0001261319)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"WFC","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"WFC","filer":"Clark Celeste A.  (CIK 0001261319)","filingDate":"2020-07-06","adsh":"0001127602-20-021072"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_NFLX_20200701","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NFLX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $NFLX 5 days before a corporate insider (HALEY TIMOTHY M  (CIK 0001201583)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NFLX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-07-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NFLX","filer":"HALEY TIMOTHY M  (CIK 0001201583)","filingDate":"2020-07-06","adsh":"0001065280-20-000279"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_FDX_20210923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FDX 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $FDX 5 days before a corporate insider (SCHWAB SUSAN C  (CIK 0001202958)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FDX","filer":"SCHWAB SUSAN C  (CIK 0001202958)","filingDate":"2021-09-28","adsh":"0001127602-21-025953"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_AMT_20210305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $AMT 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $AMT 6 days before a corporate insider (PERRY MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001260775)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AMT","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AMT","filer":"PERRY MICHAEL A  (CIK 0001260775)","filingDate":"2021-03-11","adsh":"0001225208-21-005090"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_VZ_20200526","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $VZ 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $VZ 6 days before a corporate insider (Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"VZ","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"VZ","filer":"Erwin Tami A.  (CIK 0001760658)","filingDate":"2020-06-01","adsh":"0001611593-20-000148"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_COST_20200319","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $COST 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $COST 6 days before a corporate insider (CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"COST","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"COST","filer":"CAROTHERS TODD  (CIK 0001683736)","filingDate":"2020-03-25","adsh":"0001567619-20-007004"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_CSCO_20210305","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $CSCO 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $CSCO 7 days before a corporate insider (Martinez Maria  (CIK 0001572528)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSCO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CSCO","filer":"Martinez Maria  (CIK 0001572528)","filingDate":"2021-03-12","adsh":"0001209191-21-020232"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_CMCSA_20200624","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CMCSA 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $CMCSA 8 days before a corporate insider (HASSELL GERALD L  (CIK 0001209482)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CMCSA","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CMCSA","filer":"HASSELL GERALD L  (CIK 0001209482)","filingDate":"2020-07-02","adsh":"0001225208-20-009444"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_BMY_20210923","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $BMY 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth buy $BMY 8 days before a corporate insider (YALE PHYLLIS R  (CIK 0001269070)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"BMY","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-09-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"BMY","filer":"YALE PHYLLIS R  (CIK 0001269070)","filingDate":"2021-10-01","adsh":"0000014272-21-000213"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_LHCG_20200406","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $LHCG 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $LHCG 8 days before a corporate insider (Myers Keith G  (CIK 0001322565)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LHCG","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"LHCG","filer":"Myers Keith G  (CIK 0001322565)","filingDate":"2020-04-14","adsh":"0001303313-20-000037"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_PFE_20200529","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PFE 10 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth sell $PFE 10 days before a corporate insider (DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PFE","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-29"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PFE","filer":"DAMICO JENNIFER B.  (CIK 0001805617)","filingDate":"2020-06-08","adsh":"0001225208-20-008708"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_Y000062_OVERCAP","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"+1 more front-run matches (cap: 25 per member to prevent META inflation)","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth accumulated 26 P43 front-run-of-insider matches across distinct ticker / 10-day clusters. To prevent any single hyperactive trader from dominating META detector counts (P78, P149, P150), Officium caps emitted findings at 25 per (member × detector). The top 25 matches by lead-time strength are surfaced individually above; the remaining 1 are summarized here. To investigate the full set, see the member's STOCK Act PTR filings against Form 4 filings on SEC EDGAR for the underlying tickers — front-run patterns are the most pointed STOCK Act signal.","evidence":[{"source":"p43_overcap_summary","capPerMember":25,"suppressedCount":1,"totalRaw":26}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4"]},{"id":"P45_Y000062","pattern_type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"10% of stock trades (36 of 360) in major federal contractors — top: HON ($9B in contracts, mostly Department of Defense)","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth concentrated 10% of their stock-trading activity (36 of 360 non-bond trades) in companies that each carry $5B+ in federal contracts. The combined federal-procurement exposure of just the top-5 traded names is $143B. Trading concentration in companies whose revenue depends materially on federal appropriations creates a direct conflict-of-interest with the member's appropriations and oversight votes — the more a stock's price moves on federal-spending decisions, the larger the alignment between the member's portfolio and their floor votes. Source: USAspending.gov contract awards.","evidence":[{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"HON","totalContracts":9270708946.880001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":6},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"LOW","totalContracts":45560278142.38001,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":5},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"DIS","totalContracts":53807975218.79,"agency":"Department of Energy","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"BAC","totalContracts":13084623839.920002,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":4},{"source":"federal_contracts","ticker":"MCD","totalContracts":20990522135.58,"agency":"Department of Defense","memberTrades":4},{"source":"summary","contractorTrades":36,"totalStockTrades":360,"concentrationPct":10,"distinctContractors":12,"topExposure":142714108283.55002}],"citations":["https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_Y000062_2021-02-03_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $UPS 30 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth delivered a 728-word floor speech on 2021-02-03 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, it has been roughly 1 year since the first COVID–19 case was diagnosed in the United States. Since then, more than 26 million Ameri…\"). The member sell $UPS (a Industrials-sector stock) 30 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2021-02-03","chamber":"House","wordCount":728,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, it has been roughly 1 year since the first COVID–19 case was diagnosed in the United States. Since then, more than 26 million Ameri","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/03/167/20/CREC-2021-02-03-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UPS","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"HON","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-03-05"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/03/167/20/CREC-2021-02-03-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_Y000062_2019-07-25_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $FDX 22 days after a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth delivered a 333-word floor speech on 2019-07-25 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for those comments. Mr. Speaker, I also compliment and thank the Budget Committee staff, both majority and minority, for the work done on this very important piece o…\"). The member sell $FDX (a Industrials-sector stock) 22 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2019-07-25","chamber":"House","wordCount":333,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for those comments. Mr. Speaker, I also compliment and thank the Budget Committee staff, both majority and minority, for the work done on this very important piece o","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/25/165/126/CREC-2019-07-25-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2019-08-16"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/116/crec/2019/07/25/165/126/CREC-2019-07-25-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_Y000062_2017-10-26_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $JNJ 14 days after a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth delivered a 235-word floor speech on 2017-10-26 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 1 ⁄2 minutes to the gentlewoman from Florida (Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ), a distinguished member of the Budget Committee. Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman f…\"). The member sell $JNJ (a Healthcare-sector stock) 14 days after the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-10-26","chamber":"House","wordCount":235,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 1 ⁄2 minutes to the gentlewoman from Florida (Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ), a distinguished member of the Budget Committee. Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman f","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/26/CREC-2017-10-26-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"JNJ","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-09"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNH","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-11-09"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/26/CREC-2017-10-26-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_Y000062_2017-10-05_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CVS 24 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth delivered a 468-word floor speech on 2017-10-05 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Chairman, I am going to cut to the chase: the Republican Study Com- mittee budget is so extreme, it cannot be taken seriously. It cuts sp…\"). The member sell $CVS (a Healthcare-sector stock) 24 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-10-05","chamber":"House","wordCount":468,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. Mr. Chairman, I am going to cut to the chase: the Republican Study Com- mittee budget is so extreme, it cannot be taken seriously. It cuts sp","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/05/163/160/CREC-2017-10-05-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/05/163/160/CREC-2017-10-05-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_Y000062_2017-10-04_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $CVS 23 days before a Healthcare floor speech","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth delivered a 398-word floor speech on 2017-10-04 that the classifier tagged Healthcare sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. I want to note for my colleague that, by voting for this budget, he will force 2,154,337 seniors, disabled individuals, and other seriously i…\"). The member sell $CVS (a Healthcare-sector stock) 23 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-10-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":398,"sector":"Healthcare","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. I want to note for my colleague that, by voting for this budget, he will force 2,154,337 seniors, disabled individuals, and other seriously i","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/04/CREC-2017-10-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CVS","sector":"Healthcare","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-11"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/04/CREC-2017-10-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P49_Y000062_2017-10-04_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FDX 7 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth delivered a 296-word floor speech on 2017-10-04 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman from Oregon an additional 1 minute. Mr. D EFAZIO. This is Kansas and Oklahoma. This is Kansas before we had the Eisenhower—by the way, a Re- publican—National Highw…\"). The member buy $FDX (a Industrials-sector stock) 7 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2017-10-04","chamber":"House","wordCount":296,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman from Oregon an additional 1 minute. Mr. D EFAZIO. This is Kansas and Oklahoma. This is Kansas before we had the Eisenhower—by the way, a Re- publican—National Highw","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/04/CREC-2017-10-04-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2017-09-27"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/115/crec/2017/10/04/CREC-2017-10-04-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P65_Y000062_2017-11-09","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"29 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2017-11-09 — 29 unique tickers","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth executed 29 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2017-11-09 to 2017-11-09), spanning 29 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2017-11-09","windowEnd":"2017-11-09","tradeCount":29,"uniqueTickers":29,"totalDisclosedTrades":360,"sampleTickers":["HON","CMS","USB","V","GE","UNP","MCD","VEA","VWO","ORCL"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P78_Y000062","pattern_type":"P78_META_INVESTIGATION_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Triggers 10 different conflict-of-interest patterns — 59 total findings across the platform","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth appears in 10 distinct conflict-of-interest detector classes (out of 77 patterns) with 59 total findings. This meta-flag indicates pervasive cross-cutting exposure that single-detector views miss — the senator/representative shows up in personal-finance scrutiny, outside-money channels, trade-timing patterns, and donor cross-references simultaneously. For an investigative journalist, this is the \"watch this person\" signal: any single one of the patterns might be ambiguous, but the combination of 10 different detectors flagging them establishes a settled conflict-of-interest portrait. Top patterns: insider front ran trade (26); insider followed trade (12); reg rule trade proximity (6); speech advocacy trade (6); coordinated trade cluster (4).","evidence":[{"source":"meta_summary","distinctPatterns":10,"totalFindings":59,"topPatterns":[{"type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","count":26},{"type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","count":12},{"type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","count":6},{"type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","count":6},{"type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","count":4},{"type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","count":1},{"type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","count":1},{"type":"P45_FEDERAL_CONTRACT_EXPOSURE","count":1},{"type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","count":1}]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/members/Y000062","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_Y000062","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John A. Yarmuth draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.0M PAC / $20.5M total)","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.0M of $20.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.99,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.47,"pacSharePct":39,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H6KY03124"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6KY03124/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_Y000062","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John A. Yarmuth disclosed 8 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 3 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL LHCG $250,001 - $500,000","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth has filed 8 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 3 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL LHCG $250,001 - $500,000 on 2020-07-08 · SELL LHCG $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-07-06 · SELL LHCG $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-07-02 · SELL LHCG $100,001 - $250,000 on 2020-04-06.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":8,"veryHighCount":3,"lowerBoundSum":1500008,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"LHCG","action":"SELL","date":"2020-07-08","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"LHCG","action":"SELL","date":"2020-07-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LHCG","action":"SELL","date":"2020-07-02","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LHCG","action":"SELL","date":"2020-04-06","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LHCG","action":"SELL","date":"2018-10-11","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"LHCG","action":"SELL","date":"2018-04-09","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_Y000062","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John A. Yarmuth executed 9 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY BMY (25d apart)","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth has 9 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY BMY 2018-11-26 → 2018-12-21 (25d) · SELL→BUY VZ 2018-12-06 → 2018-12-24 (18d) · BUY→SELL BRK.B 2018-11-26 → 2018-12-06 (10d) · BUY→SELL SHW 2017-11-09 → 2017-12-07 (28d) · SELL→BUY AAPL 2020-06-01 → 2020-06-24 (23d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":9,"samples":[{"ticker":"BMY","days":25,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-11-26","date2":"2018-12-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VZ","days":18,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2018-12-06","date2":"2018-12-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BRK.B","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-26","date2":"2018-12-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"SHW","days":28,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-11-09","date2":"2017-12-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":23,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-06-01","date2":"2020-06-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"BKNG","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2018-11-07","date2":"2018-11-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"TJX","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2017-03-23","date2":"2017-03-31","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VNQ","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2016-02-01","date2":"2016-02-01","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P149_Y000062","pattern_type":"P149_META_HIGH_SEVERITY_DENSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John A. Yarmuth triggers 17 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types — apex investigation target","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth accumulates 17 HIGH-severity findings across 14 distinct detector types in Officium's pattern lattice — an acute multi-axis profile that places them at the top of the senate's investigation-worthiness ranking. Distinct from P78 (≥10 distinct detector types regardless of severity), P149 specifically captures HIGH-density: ten or more independent acute conflict signals from non-overlapping detectors covering portfolio composition, sector × committee jurisdiction, donor concentration, sponsored travel, lifetime fundraising, and trade behavior. Members hitting this threshold reliably indicate where investigative-reporting resources should concentrate first.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_high_density","highSeverityCount":17,"distinctDetectorTypes":14}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/findings"]},{"id":"P178_Y000062_2017-11-09","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John A. Yarmuth — 29 trades on 2017-11-09","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth disclosed 29 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2017-11-09). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2017-11-09","count":29}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_Y000062","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John A. Yarmuth — 99% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (357/360)","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 99% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":360,"atBracket":357,"pct":"99.2"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_Y000062","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John A. Yarmuth — 142 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John A. Yarmuth has traded 142 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":142,"sample":["T","MMM","FDX","NOC","GD","PG","BMY","LOW","AVGO","TMO"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"A000373":[{"id":"P17_A000373_UNP_2015-06-26","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought UNP within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2015-06-26 and 2015-07-02, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on UNP. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","date":"2015-06-26","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"UNP","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"P000608","name":"Scott Peters"},{"bioguideId":"S000583","name":"Lamar Smith"},{"bioguideId":"A000373","name":"Brad Ashford"}],"span":"2015-06-26 to 2015-07-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P49_A000373_2015-07-29_Industrials","pattern_type":"P49_SPEECH_ADVOCACY_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $UNP 27 days before a Industrials floor speech","explanation":"Brad Ashford delivered a 176-word floor speech on 2015-07-29 that the classifier tagged Industrials sector (preview: \"Mr. Speaker, when we return from our recess, we need to reauthorize the Export-Import Bank. Ex-Im has helped Nebraska businesses grow and export U.S.-made products overseas. In fact, last year, my dis…\"). The member buy $UNP (a Industrials-sector stock) 27 days before the speech. Floor speeches are the strongest voluntary-advocacy signal a member emits — sector-aligned trades in the speech window suggest the member's portfolio tracks their public legislative stance.","evidence":[{"source":"speech","date":"2015-07-29","chamber":"House","wordCount":176,"sector":"Industrials","textPreview":"Mr. Speaker, when we return from our recess, we need to reauthorize the Export-Import Bank. Ex-Im has helped Nebraska businesses grow and export U.S.-made products overseas. In fact, last year, my dis","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/07/29/CREC-2015-07-29-house.pdf"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"UNP","sector":"Industrials","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-07-02"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/114/crec/2015/07/29/CREC-2015-07-29-house.pdf","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P138_A000373","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brad Ashford draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.6M PAC / $9.1M total)","explanation":"Brad Ashford's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.6M of $9.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.09,"pacSharePct":39.2,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H4NE02054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NE02054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_A000373","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brad Ashford executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL COST (19d apart)","explanation":"Brad Ashford has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL COST 2015-07-02 → 2015-07-21 (19d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"COST","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-07-02","date2":"2015-07-21","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_A000373","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brad Ashford has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Brad Ashford triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000373"]},{"id":"P179_A000373","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brad Ashford — 97% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (30/31)","explanation":"Brad Ashford's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 97% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":31,"atBracket":30,"pct":"96.8"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"G000551":[{"id":"P17_G000551_FDX_2016-01-08","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members sold FDX within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2016-01-08 and 2016-01-15, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on FDX. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FDX","date":"2016-01-08","action":"SELL","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"FDX","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001062","name":"K. Michael Conaway"},{"bioguideId":"G000551","name":"Raúl M. Grijalva"},{"bioguideId":"L000579","name":"Alan S. Lowenthal"}],"span":"2016-01-08 to 2016-01-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_G000551_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Finance trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Raúl M. Grijalva executed 2 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CBOE","date":"2021-12-17","action":"SELL","daysDiff":25,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"CBOE","date":"2021-11-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Extension and Amendment of Import Restrictions Imposed on Archaeological and Ethnological Material of Greece","agency":"Homeland Security Department, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Treasury Department","date":"2021-11-22"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Venezuela Web General License 8 and Subsequent Iterations","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2021-10-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P65_G000551_2016-09-19","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"27 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2016-09-19 — 27 unique tickers","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva executed 27 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2016-09-19 to 2016-09-20), spanning 27 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2016-09-19","windowEnd":"2016-09-20","tradeCount":27,"uniqueTickers":27,"totalDisclosedTrades":163,"sampleTickers":["MYL","MSFT","WY","V","PEP","WFC","IR","SBUX","UL","MCHP"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_G000551","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $18.2M total)","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $18.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.08,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.23,"pacSharePct":38.8,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2AZ07070"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AZ07070/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_G000551","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL CBOE (23d apart)","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL CBOE 2021-11-24 → 2021-12-17 (23d) · BUY→SELL KKR 2015-04-10 → 2015-04-28 (18d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"CBOE","days":23,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-11-24","date2":"2021-12-17","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"KKR","days":18,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-04-10","date2":"2015-04-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_G000551","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva has clean-baseline profile: 5 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva triggers only 5 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":5,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000551"]},{"id":"P178_G000551_2016-09-19","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva — 24 trades on 2016-09-19","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva disclosed 24 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-09-19). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-09-19","count":24}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_G000551","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (163/163)","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":163,"atBracket":163,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_G000551","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva — 74 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has traded 74 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":74,"sample":["CBOE","GLD","SPY","FVD","VOT","MYL","MSFT","WY","V","PEP"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P181_G000551","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva — 80 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva sponsored 80 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":80}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000551_SantaCruzValleyNatio","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva sponsored \"Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Santa Cruz Valley National Heritage Area Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000551_GrandCanyonWatershed","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva sponsored \"Grand Canyon Watersheds Protection Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Grand Canyon Watersheds Protection Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000551_PublicLandsServiceCo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva sponsored \"Public Lands Service Corps Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Public Lands Service Corps Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000551_FAIRCREDITActof2009","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva sponsored \"FAIR CREDIT Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"FAIR CREDIT Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000551_SouthernArizonaPubli","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva sponsored \"Southern Arizona Public Lands Protection Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Southern Arizona Public Lands Protection Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000551_MeersPointBoundaryAd","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva sponsored \"Meers Point Boundary Adjustment Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Meers Point Boundary Adjustment Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_G000551","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva — DW-NOMINATE -0.60 vs AZ delegation mean 0.20 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.60) is 1.7 standard deviations from the AZ delegation mean (0.20). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"AZ","memberScore":-0.598,"delegationMean":0.19540000000000002,"zscore":"1.70"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P198_G000551","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raúl M. Grijalva — long-tenure veteran (9 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Raúl M. Grijalva has served 9 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":9,"lastCongress":119}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000551","https://www.congress.gov/member/ra%C3%BAl-m.-grijalva/G000551"]}],"K000378":[{"id":"P17_K000378_AAL_2020-05-19","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought AAL within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2020-05-19 and 2020-05-26, 3 members (Transportation sector) took the same direction on AAL. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-05-19","action":"BUY","sector":"Transportation","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"AAL","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"C001066","name":"Kathy Castor"},{"bioguideId":"K000389","name":"Ro Khanna"},{"bioguideId":"K000378","name":"Adam Kinzinger"}],"span":"2020-05-19 to 2020-05-26"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_K000378_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"7 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Adam Kinzinger executed 7 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-06-25","action":"BUY","daysDiff":-15,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-06-11","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-06-09","action":"BUY","daysDiff":19,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","date":"2020-06-01","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Policy Statement on Factors Considered in Assessing Civil Monetary Penalties on Small Entities","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-07-10"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Petition for Rulemaking; Railroad Performance Data Reporting","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-05-21"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_K000378_1mn","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger sits on committees overseeing Energy, Oil & Gas, Technology, Telecom, Transportation, Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"BA","date":"2019-04-04","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":520159.31,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_K000378","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"LOW","headline":"15% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 2.4× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 46 disclosed trades, 7 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 2.4× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":7,"total":46,"rate":15.2},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":2.36}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_K000378_USFD_20200604","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $USFD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger buy $USFD 1 day before a corporate insider (CARRUTHERS COURT D  (CIK 0001422164)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USFD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USFD","filer":"CARRUTHERS COURT D  (CIK 0001422164)","filingDate":"2020-06-05","adsh":"0001665918-20-000111"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000378_USFD_20200504","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $USFD 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger buy $USFD 1 day before a corporate insider (Lederer John Anthony  (CIK 0001388540)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"USFD","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-05-04"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"USFD","filer":"Lederer John Anthony  (CIK 0001388540)","filingDate":"2020-05-05","adsh":"0001665918-20-000078"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000378_AAL_20200611","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $AAL 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger buy $AAL 1 day before a corporate insider (CAHILL JOHN T  (CIK 0001197000)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-06-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAL","filer":"CAHILL JOHN T  (CIK 0001197000)","filingDate":"2020-06-12","adsh":"0001225208-20-008914"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_K000378_AAL_20200423","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $AAL 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger sell $AAL 5 days before a corporate insider (Isom Robert D Jr  (CIK 0001300047)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-04-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"AAL","filer":"Isom Robert D Jr  (CIK 0001300047)","filingDate":"2020-04-28","adsh":"0001225208-20-006834"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_K000378","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Adam Kinzinger draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.9M PAC / $28.5M total)","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.9M of $28.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.88,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.51,"pacSharePct":38.2,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H0IL11052"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IL11052/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_K000378","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adam Kinzinger executed 22 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL USFD (3d apart)","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger has 22 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL USFD 2020-04-03 → 2020-04-06 (3d) · SELL→BUY USFD 2020-04-06 → 2020-04-07 (1d) · BUY→SELL USFD 2020-04-07 → 2020-04-20 (13d) · SELL→BUY USFD 2020-04-20 → 2020-05-04 (14d) · BUY→SELL USFD 2020-05-04 → 2020-05-26 (22d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":22,"samples":[{"ticker":"USFD","days":3,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-03","date2":"2020-04-06","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"USFD","days":1,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-04-06","date2":"2020-04-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"USFD","days":13,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-04-07","date2":"2020-04-20","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"USFD","days":14,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-04-20","date2":"2020-05-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"USFD","days":22,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-05-04","date2":"2020-05-26","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"USFD","days":9,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-05-26","date2":"2020-06-04","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"USFD","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2020-06-04","date2":"2020-06-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"USFD","days":30,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2020-06-23","date2":"2020-07-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_K000378","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Adam Kinzinger — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (46/46)","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":46,"atBracket":46,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_K000378","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Kinzinger — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Adam Kinzinger has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000378","https://www.congress.gov/member/adam-kinzinger/K000378"]}],"R000570":[{"id":"P17_R000570_LOGM_2017-02-01","pattern_type":"P17_COORDINATED_TRADE_CLUSTER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 members bought LOGM within 5 days of each other","explanation":"Between 2017-02-01 and 2017-02-01, 3 members took the same direction on LOGM. Coordinated trades across a narrow window are an information-flow signal — shared briefings, shared adviser, or positioning ahead of a known event.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LOGM","date":"2017-02-01","action":"BUY","sector":"Other","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"cluster","ticker":"LOGM","memberCount":3,"participants":[{"bioguideId":"R000608","name":"Jacky Rosen"},{"bioguideId":"M001193","name":"Thomas MacArthur"},{"bioguideId":"R000570","name":"Paul D. Ryan"}],"span":"2017-02-01 to 2017-02-01"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_R000570","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul D. Ryan (left 2019, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.03M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Paul D. Ryan left Congress in 2019 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $030000.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: VERIZON.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2019,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":"030000.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["VERIZON"],"sampleFirms":["DCI GROUP, L.L.C."],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Paul%20D.%20Ryan"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Paul%20D.%20Ryan","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P136_R000570","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Paul D. Ryan ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.3M across 22 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Paul D. Ryan's FEC-bulk record shows $21.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $118.6M (PAC: $21.3M, individual: $47.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.27,"lifetimeReceiptsM":118.57,"lifetimeIndividualM":47.93,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8WI01024"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8WI01024/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_R000570","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Paul D. Ryan ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $119M across 22 cycles","explanation":"Paul D. Ryan's FEC-bulk record shows $118.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 22 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":118.57,"cycleCount":22,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8WI01024"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8WI01024/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S000510":[{"id":"P18_S000510_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Adam Smith executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","date":"2025-08-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Publication of Global Terrorism Sanctions Regulations and Foreign Terrorist Organizations Sanctions Regulations Web Gene","agency":"Treasury Department, Foreign Assets Control Office","date":"2025-07-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_S000510_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Adam Smith executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","date":"2025-08-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TSLA","date":"2025-08-08","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Rocky Intertidal Monitor","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-07-09"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Rocky Intertidal Monitor","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2025-07-09"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_S000510_PG_20250808","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $PG 6 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Adam Smith sell $PG 6 days before a corporate insider (Awada Kaled  (CIK 0001751431)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-08"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"PG","filer":"Awada Kaled  (CIK 0001751431)","filingDate":"2025-08-14","adsh":"0001004980-25-000136"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P46_S000510_111_HR_2707","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $C 6 days before sponsoring HR 2707 (Finance)","explanation":"Adam Smith sponsored HR 2707 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $C 6 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"111_HR_2707","type":"HR","number":"2707","title":"National Freight Mobility Infrastructure Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":111,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2707"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/2707","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_S000510_112_HR_2778","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $C 6 days before sponsoring HR 2778 (Finance)","explanation":"Adam Smith sponsored HR 2778 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $C 6 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_2778","type":"HR","number":"2778","title":"Dollars and Sense Act of 2011","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2778"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/2778","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_S000510_112_HR_3432","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $PG 6 days before sponsoring HR 3432 (Staples)","explanation":"Adam Smith sponsored HR 3432 on 2025-08-14 — a Staples-sector bill — and sell $PG 6 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_3432","type":"HR","number":"3432","title":"Rural Economic Vitalization Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Staples","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3432"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"PG","sector":"Staples","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3432","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P46_S000510_112_HR_3607","pattern_type":"P46_SPONSORED_BILL_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $C 6 days before sponsoring HR 3607 (Finance)","explanation":"Adam Smith sponsored HR 3607 on 2025-08-14 — a Finance-sector bill — and sell $C 6 days before of introduction. Sponsorship is the strongest legislative-action signal a member emits: it requires actively choosing to advance the bill. A sector-matched trade in the introduction window aligns the member's portfolio with their own legislative agenda. ","evidence":[{"source":"bill","key":"112_HR_3607","type":"HR","number":"3607","title":"National Freight Mobility Infrastructure Act","introducedDate":"2025-08-14","sector":"Finance","congress":112,"sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3607"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"C","sector":"Finance","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2025-08-08"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/3607","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P158_S000510","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Adam Smith ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 4,981 cosponsored, 232 sponsored","explanation":"Adam Smith's congress.gov record shows 4,981 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":4981,"sponsoredCount":232,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/adam-smith/S000510","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"H001074":[{"id":"P18_H001074_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Energy trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Trey Hollingsworth executed 2 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","date":"2021-12-03","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"EPD","date":"2021-12-02","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Umlaut Engineering GmbH (Previously P3 Engineering GmbH) HAFEX (Halon-Free) Hand-Held Fire Ext","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-11-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Leonardo S.p.a. Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2021-11-02"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_H001074_ORCC_20220603","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $ORCC 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Trey Hollingsworth sell $ORCC 2 days after a corporate insider (Woolridge Victor  (CIK 0001895561)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCC","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-06-03"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCC","filer":"Woolridge Victor  (CIK 0001895561)","filingDate":"2022-06-01","adsh":"0000899243-22-020418","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_H001074_MMP_20210709","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $MMP 3 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Trey Hollingsworth buy $MMP 3 days after a corporate insider (Joung Chansoo  (CIK 0001355799)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"MMP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-07-09"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"MMP","filer":"Joung Chansoo  (CIK 0001355799)","filingDate":"2021-07-06","adsh":"0001126975-21-000098","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_H001074_ORCC_20220524","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $ORCC 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Trey Hollingsworth buy $ORCC 1 day before a corporate insider (Swatt Matthew  (CIK 0001880590)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ORCC","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ORCC","filer":"Swatt Matthew  (CIK 0001880590)","filingDate":"2022-05-25","adsh":"0000899243-22-019485"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_H001074","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Trey Hollingsworth draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.7M PAC / $13.6M total)","explanation":"Trey Hollingsworth's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.7M of $13.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.63,"pacSharePct":41.9,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H6IN09176"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IN09176/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_H001074","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Trey Hollingsworth disclosed 7 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 4 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY ORCC $500,001 - $1,000,000","explanation":"Trey Hollingsworth has filed 7 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 4 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY ORCC $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2022-06-16 · BUY EPD $250,001 - $500,000 on 2021-12-03 · BUY MMP $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-11-30 · BUY MMP $500,001 - $1,000,000 on 2021-11-26.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":7,"veryHighCount":4,"lowerBoundSum":1800007,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"ORCC","action":"BUY","date":"2022-06-16","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"EPD","action":"BUY","date":"2021-12-03","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MMP","action":"BUY","date":"2021-11-30","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"MMP","action":"BUY","date":"2021-11-26","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"ticker":"MMP","action":"SELL","date":"2021-07-19","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MMP","action":"BUY","date":"2021-07-14","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_H001074","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Trey Hollingsworth executed 6 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL ORCC (10d apart)","explanation":"Trey Hollingsworth has 6 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL ORCC 2022-05-24 → 2022-06-03 (10d) · SELL→BUY ORCC 2022-06-03 → 2022-06-08 (5d) · BUY→SELL MMP 2021-03-12 → 2021-03-16 (4d) · BUY→SELL MMP 2021-07-15 → 2021-07-19 (4d) · SELL→BUY MMP 2021-07-19 → 2021-07-19 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":6,"samples":[{"ticker":"ORCC","days":10,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-05-24","date2":"2022-06-03","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"ORCC","days":5,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2022-06-03","date2":"2022-06-08","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"MMP","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-03-12","date2":"2021-03-16","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"MMP","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-07-15","date2":"2021-07-19","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"MMP","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2021-07-19","date2":"2021-07-19","amount1":"$250,001 - $500,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"MMP","days":4,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-07-19","date2":"2021-07-23","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P191_H001074_MMP","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Trey Hollingsworth — 11 disclosed trades in single ticker MMP","explanation":"Trey Hollingsworth traded MMP on 11 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the MMP trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"MMP","count":11}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"M001200":[{"id":"P18_M001200_Finance","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Finance trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member A. Donald McEachin executed 1 Finance-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AXP","date":"2021-12-01","action":"BUY","daysDiff":21,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Performance-Based Investment Advisory Fees","agency":"Securities and Exchange Commission","date":"2021-11-10"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001200_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member A. Donald McEachin executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"TXN","date":"2021-11-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ON","date":"2021-11-24","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery; Extension of Emergency Action To Temporarily Remove 2","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-10-25"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries Off West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery; Extension of Emergency Action To Temporarily Remove 2","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2021-10-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_M001200_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member A. Donald McEachin executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2021-11-23","action":"BUY","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Safety Zone; Hydroplane and Raceboat Museum Test Area, Lake Washington, WA","agency":"Homeland Security Department, Coast Guard","date":"2021-10-25"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P42_M001200_ON_20211124","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $ON 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"A. Donald McEachin buy $ON 1 day after a corporate insider (Cantor Eric  (CIK 0001618434)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ON","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-24"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ON","filer":"Cantor Eric  (CIK 0001618434)","filingDate":"2021-11-23","adsh":"0001209191-21-066690","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_M001200_D_20211123","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $D 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"A. Donald McEachin buy $D 8 days before a corporate insider (Rock Island Investors, LLC  (CIK 0001699936)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-11-23"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Rock Island Investors, LLC  (CIK 0001699936)","filingDate":"2021-12-01","adsh":"0001104659-21-145345"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_M001200","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"A. Donald McEachin draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.2M PAC / $7.2M total)","explanation":"A. Donald McEachin's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.2M of $7.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.16,"pacSharePct":58.6,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H6VA04061"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6VA04061/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001156":[{"id":"P18_M001156_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Patrick T. McHenry executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","date":"2020-11-19","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; Leonardo S.p.a. Helicopters","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-10-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_M001156_D_20201119","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $D 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Patrick T. McHenry sell $D 5 days before a corporate insider (Whitton Travis  (CIK 0001677667)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"D","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-11-19"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"D","filer":"Whitton Travis  (CIK 0001677667)","filingDate":"2020-11-24","adsh":"0001654954-20-012897"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P136_M001156","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick T. McHenry ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.4M across 23 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Patrick T. McHenry's FEC-bulk record shows $24.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 23 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $47.7M (PAC: $24.4M, individual: $15.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.38,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.68,"lifetimeIndividualM":15.65,"cycleCount":23,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H4NC10047"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NC10047/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_M001156","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick T. McHenry draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.4M PAC / $47.7M total)","explanation":"Patrick T. McHenry's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.4M of $47.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.38,"lifetimeReceiptsM":47.68,"pacSharePct":51.1,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H4NC10047"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NC10047/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_M001156","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick T. McHenry — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Patrick T. McHenry has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001156","https://www.congress.gov/member/patrick-t.-mchenry/M001156"]}],"D000598":[{"id":"P18_D000598_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susan A. Davis executed 3 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTNT","date":"2020-10-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTNT","date":"2020-03-16","action":"BUY","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTNT","date":"2020-02-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Uniform License Renewal, Discontinuance of Operation, and Geographic Partitioning and Spectrum Disaggregation Rules and ","agency":"Federal Communications Commission","date":"2020-09-28"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Blueline Tilefish Fishery; 2020 Specifications","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000598_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susan A. Davis executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CSIQ","date":"2020-10-28","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Guidance: Changes, Tests, and Experiments","agency":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","date":"2020-09-28"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P18_D000598_Transportation","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Transportation trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Susan A. Davis executed 2 Transportation-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"LUV","date":"2020-09-29","action":"SELL","daysDiff":26,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","date":"2020-02-11","action":"SELL","daysDiff":27,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Waybill Sample Reporting","agency":"Surface Transportation Board","date":"2020-09-03"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Civil Monetary Penalty Annual Inflation Adjustment","agency":"National Transportation Safety Board","date":"2020-01-15"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_D000598_FTNT_20200211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $FTNT 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan A. Davis sell $FTNT 1 day before a corporate insider (Xie Michael  (CIK 0001475586)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FTNT","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FTNT","filer":"Xie Michael  (CIK 0001475586)","filingDate":"2020-02-12","adsh":"0001209191-20-008774"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000598_FB_20200316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FB 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan A. Davis buy $FB 2 days before a corporate insider (GORDON JAMES R  (CIK 0001291478)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FB","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FB","filer":"GORDON JAMES R  (CIK 0001291478)","filingDate":"2020-03-18","adsh":"0001649749-20-000075"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000598_ALK_20200211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $ALK 2 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan A. Davis sell $ALK 2 days before a corporate insider (SCHNEIDER ANDREA L  (CIK 0001715974)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"ALK","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"ALK","filer":"SCHNEIDER ANDREA L  (CIK 0001715974)","filingDate":"2020-02-13","adsh":"0001246360-20-000511"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000598_RCL_20200211","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $RCL 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan A. Davis sell $RCL 7 days before a corporate insider (Stein Bradley H  (CIK 0001512454)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"RCL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-02-11"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"RCL","filer":"Stein Bradley H  (CIK 0001512454)","filingDate":"2020-02-18","adsh":"0001567619-20-004225"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_D000598_EXC_20200316","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $EXC 8 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Susan A. Davis buy $EXC 8 days before a corporate insider (Glockner David  (CIK 0001807207)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"EXC","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-16"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"EXC","filer":"Glockner David  (CIK 0001807207)","filingDate":"2020-03-24","adsh":"0001109357-20-000065"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_D000598","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan A. Davis draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.2M PAC / $14.5M total)","explanation":"Susan A. Davis's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.2M of $14.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.5,"pacSharePct":42.5,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H0CA49055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA49055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P179_D000598","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan A. Davis — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (67/67)","explanation":"Susan A. Davis's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":67,"atBracket":67,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_D000598","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Susan A. Davis — 30 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Susan A. Davis has traded 30 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":30,"sample":["FTNT","CSIQ","VSAT","F","LUV","LEVI","EXC","FB","BIDU","VWDRY"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000598_EqualJusticeforOurMi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan A. Davis sponsored \"Equal Justice for Our Military Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Susan A. Davis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Equal Justice for Our Military Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000598_UniversalRighttoVote","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan A. Davis sponsored \"Universal Right to Vote by Mail Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Susan A. Davis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Universal Right to Vote by Mail Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000598_VeteransHomeLoanRefi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan A. Davis sponsored \"Veterans Home Loan Refinance Opportunity Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Susan A. Davis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Veterans Home Loan Refinance Opportunity Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000598_DiverseTeachersRecru","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Susan A. Davis sponsored \"Diverse Teachers Recruitment Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Susan A. Davis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Diverse Teachers Recruitment Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"V000108":[{"id":"P18_V000108_Energy","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 Energy trade within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Peter J. Visclosky executed 1 Energy-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","date":"2020-03-18","action":"SELL","daysDiff":29,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Airplanes","agency":"Transportation Department, Federal Aviation Administration","date":"2020-02-18"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P20_V000108_128tgn","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 1 federal-contractor ticker regulated by own committee","explanation":"Peter J. Visclosky sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 1 ticker receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"CMCSA","date":"2020-10-15","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":188079.16999999998,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_V000108_XOM_20200318","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $XOM 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Peter J. Visclosky sell $XOM 1 day before a corporate insider (Swiger Andrew P  (CIK 0001376719)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"XOM","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-18"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"XOM","filer":"Swiger Andrew P  (CIK 0001376719)","filingDate":"2020-03-19","adsh":"0001127602-20-011408"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_V000108","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter J. Visclosky draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.8M PAC / $27.0M total)","explanation":"Peter J. Visclosky's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.8M of $27.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.78,"lifetimeReceiptsM":27.04,"pacSharePct":51,"cycleCount":39,"fecId":"H4IN01012"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4IN01012/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_V000108_FightingforAmericanJ","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter J. Visclosky sponsored \"Fighting for American Jobs Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter J. Visclosky has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fighting for American Jobs Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_V000108","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter J. Visclosky — DW-NOMINATE -0.40 vs IN delegation mean 0.27 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Peter J. Visclosky's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.40) is 1.8 standard deviations from the IN delegation mean (0.27). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IN","memberScore":-0.402,"delegationMean":0.26830434782608703,"zscore":"1.78"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H001038":[{"id":"P18_H001038_Technology","pattern_type":"P18_REG_RULE_TRADE_PROXIMITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"2 Technology trades within ±30 days of a Federal Register rule in that sector","explanation":"Member Brian Higgins executed 2 Technology-sector trades closely aligned with Federal Register rules/notices affecting the same industry. Regulatory-calendar timing is an information-asymmetry signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NVDA","date":"2020-09-04","action":"BUY","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"MU","date":"2020-09-04","action":"SELL","daysDiff":30,"amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; 2020 Commercial Accountability Measure and Closure for S","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-08-05"},{"source":"regulation","title":"Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and South Atlantic; 2020 Commercial Accountability Measure and Closure for S","agency":"Commerce Department, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","date":"2020-08-05"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H001038","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brian Higgins draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.1M PAC / $22.7M total)","explanation":"Brian Higgins's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.1M of $22.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.65,"pacSharePct":49.2,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H4NY27076"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY27076/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_H001038_CancerDrugCoveragePa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Higgins sponsored \"Cancer Drug Coverage Parity Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Brian Higgins has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Cancer Drug Coverage Parity Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001038_RestoringConfidenceT","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian Higgins sponsored \"Restoring Confidence Through Smarter Campaigns Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Brian Higgins has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Restoring Confidence Through Smarter Campaigns Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_H001038","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Higgins — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Brian Higgins has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H001038","https://www.congress.gov/member/brian-higgins/H001038"]}],"J000299":[{"id":"P19_J000299_x5ot8w","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Johnson campaign paid $79,950,474 to 23 surname-matched vendors, top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","explanation":"Mike Johnson's campaign paid 183 disbursements totaling $79,950,474 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1791414.8,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1741797,"date":"2016-08-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1570367.35,"date":"2012-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1522556.55,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1469963.4,"date":"2012-10-12","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1355505,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1490194.8,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1416324.9,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":658604.36,"date":"2013-06-03","description":"MEDIA TV BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":3271839.4,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":2000000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":2000000,"date":"2016-10-20","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JOHNSON, PERRY","total":1556000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"JOHNSON, PERRY","amount":1556000,"date":"2023-08-30","description":"IN-KIND: FLIGHT","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SHORR%20JOHNSON%20MAGNUS"]},{"id":"P62_J000299","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"3 donation spikes ≥10× baseline — biggest: $272,842 on 2024-06-04 (12.8× normal)","explanation":"Mike Johnson's campaign committee received 3 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $272,842 on 2024-06-04 — 12.8× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":3,"totalSpikeDollars":445273,"maxRatio":20.6,"maxAmount":272842},{"source":"spike","date":"2024-06-04","amount":272842,"ratio":12.8,"baselineDaily":21262,"count":437,"cmteId":"C00608695","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00608695&min_date=2024-06-04&max_date=2024-06-04"},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-10-26","amount":121331,"ratio":20.6,"baselineDaily":5881,"count":449,"cmteId":"C00608695","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00608695&min_date=2023-10-26&max_date=2023-10-26"},{"source":"spike","date":"2019-03-21","amount":51100,"ratio":10.7,"baselineDaily":4767,"count":25,"cmteId":"C00608695","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00608695&min_date=2019-03-21&max_date=2019-03-21"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00608695/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00608695&min_date=2024-06-04&max_date=2024-06-04"]},{"id":"P90_J000299","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike Johnson's campaign paid $76,315,994 to 7 surname-matched vendors — top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415)","explanation":"Mike Johnson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 80 payments totaling $76,315,994 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415 across 56 payments, services: MEDIA BUY · MEDIA · MEDIA PURCHASE). Cycles covered: 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":76315994.04,"paymentCount":80,"payeeCount":7,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","MEDIA","MEDIA PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","ISSUE ORIENTED MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA TV BUY"]},{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"MAGNUS, JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":2000000,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]}],"surname":"johnson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6LA04138&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P137_J000299","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Johnson ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $85M across 12 cycles","explanation":"Mike Johnson's FEC-bulk record shows $85.1M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":85.05,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H6LA04138"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6LA04138/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P199_J000299","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Johnson — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($42.5M)","explanation":"Mike Johnson is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $42.5M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":42526893,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6LA04138/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000585":[{"id":"P19_L000585_fvvbqd","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Darin LaHood campaign paid $2,200,461 to 27 surname-matched vendors, top: NOBLE BANK & TRUST, N.A.","explanation":"Darin LaHood's campaign paid 71 disbursements totaling $2,200,461 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NOBLE BANK & TRUST, N.A.","total":954774.0700000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"NOBLE BANK & TRUST, N.A.","amount":350000,"date":"2008-01-03","description":"PURCHASE CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSIT","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"NOBLE BANK & TRUST, N.A.","amount":204774.07,"date":"2008-05-07","description":"TRANSFERRED MONEY FROM CD TO MONEY MKT","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"NOBLE BANK & TRUST, N.A.","amount":200000,"date":"2005-12-29","description":"PURCHASED CD AS INVESTMENT","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARNES & NOBLE","total":490722.1099999999,"count":14,"samples":[{"payee":"BARNES & NOBLE","amount":126539.07,"date":"2019-12-17","description":"PUBLICATIONS/BOOKS","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BARNES & NOBLE","amount":63691.88,"date":"2020-02-04","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BARNES & NOBLE","amount":63443.25,"date":"2020-08-19","description":"DONOR MEMENTOS","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NOBLE PRODUCTIONS","total":129750.01,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"NOBLE PRODUCTIONS","amount":129750.01,"date":"2012-08-20","description":"AD CREATION","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NOBLE, MARK","total":125603.6,"count":17,"samples":[{"payee":"NOBLE, MARK","amount":11250,"date":"2018-11-20","description":"FACEBOOK ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"NOBLE, MARK","amount":9000,"date":"2024-07-30","description":"DIGITAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"NOBLE, MARK","amount":9000,"date":"2026-01-09","description":"DIGITAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"NOBLE, PATRICIA","total":73413.83,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"NOBLE, PATRICIA","amount":23155.62,"date":"2025-03-17","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"NOBLE, PATRICIA","amount":15000,"date":"2025-02-14","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"NOBLE, PATRICIA","amount":10590.01,"date":"2024-11-22","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BARNES & NOBLE, INC.","total":67990.16,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BARNES & NOBLE, INC.","amount":67990.16,"date":"2024-10-25","description":"BOOK PURCHASE","surnameMatched":"noble","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=NOBLE%20BANK%20%26%20TRUST"]},{"id":"P25_L000585_Leadership","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"57% of PAC dollars ($508,115) come from Leadership industry","explanation":"Darin LaHood receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Leadership issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Leadership","amount":508114.81000000006,"share":57.1,"totalPAC":889892.89,"pacCount":50},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Leadership","amount":508114.81000000006,"share":57.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Finance","amount":161778.08000000002,"share":18.2},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":70000,"share":7.9},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":30000,"share":3.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_L000585","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"32 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $180,000","explanation":"Darin LaHood received campaign contributions totaling $180,000 from 32 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 32 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($10,000); CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC ($10,000); MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI) ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":32,"totalDollars":180000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AUTOMOTIVE FREE INTERNATIONAL TRADE PAC","ldaClient":"SMOKE-FREE ALTERNATIVES-TRADE ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE CARLYLE GROUP INC. PAC (AKA 'CARLYLE PAC')","ldaClient":"CARLYLE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE PAC","ldaClient":"MANUFACTURED HOUSING INSTITUTE (MHI)","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P62_L000585","pattern_type":"P62_DONATION_DAY_SPIKE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 donation spike ≥10× baseline — biggest: $51,000 on 2023-03-23 (15.0× normal)","explanation":"Darin LaHood's campaign committee received 1 single-day donation spikes ≥10× the committee's baseline intake at $50K+ absolute. The largest was $51,000 on 2023-03-23 — 15.0× the committee's normal daily total. Single-day surges typically signal: (a) a coordinated fundraising event, (b) an industry-wide bundling drive, or (c) a reaction to a specific policy stance. The DATE is the journalist's key — cross-reference each spike date against the member's votes, hearings, and floor speeches that week to identify the precipitating event.","evidence":[{"source":"spike_summary","spikeCount":1,"totalSpikeDollars":51000,"maxRatio":15,"maxAmount":51000},{"source":"spike","date":"2023-03-23","amount":51000,"ratio":15,"baselineDaily":3402,"count":17,"cmteId":"C00575050","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575050&min_date=2023-03-23&max_date=2023-03-23"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00575050/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?committee_id=C00575050&min_date=2023-03-23&max_date=2023-03-23"]},{"id":"P90_L000585","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Darin LaHood's campaign paid $255,206 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: TEAM LAHOOD ($255,206)","explanation":"Darin LaHood's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 24 payments totaling $255,206 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TEAM LAHOOD ($255,206 across 24 payments, services: EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM VERNON HILL · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM MARY ASHLEY BELLAMY · EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JOSHUA BELLAMY). Cycles covered: 2022, 2024, 2026.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":255206.28999999995,"paymentCount":24,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TEAM LAHOOD","total":255206.28999999995,"count":24,"descriptions":["EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM VERNON HILL","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM MARY ASHLEY BELLAMY","EARMARKED CONTRIBUTION FROM JOSHUA BELLAMY"]}],"surname":"lahood"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6IL18088&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P109_L000585","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Darin LaHood named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($3.7M total receipts) — top: TEAM LAHOOD","explanation":"Darin LaHood appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $3.7M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: TEAM LAHOOD (C00619486, $3.7M receipts, treasurer KILGORE, PAUL). Active years: 6, first seen 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":3.75,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00619486","name":"TEAM LAHOOD","receipts":3749906.63,"treasurer":"KILGORE, PAUL","activeYears":6,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00619486/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00619486/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00619486/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_L000585","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Darin LaHood ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.3M across 12 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Darin LaHood's FEC-bulk record shows $20.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 12 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $38.2M (PAC: $20.3M, individual: $12.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.34,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.19,"lifetimeIndividualM":12.18,"cycleCount":12,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6IL18088"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IL18088/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_L000585","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Darin LaHood draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($20.3M PAC / $38.2M total)","explanation":"Darin LaHood's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($20.3M of $38.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":20.34,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.19,"pacSharePct":53.3,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6IL18088"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IL18088/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_L000585","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Darin LaHood's PAC funding concentrates 78% in Finance ($0.13M / $0.16M classified)","explanation":"Darin LaHood's PAC donors concentrate 78% in the Finance industry — $0.13M of $0.16M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $0.13M · Real Estate $0.02M · Healthcare $0.01M · Pharma $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":0.13,"totalPacAmountM":0.16,"concentrationPct":78.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":0.13,"Real Estate":0.02,"Healthcare":0.01,"Pharma":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IL18088/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"R000584":[{"id":"P19_R000584_6ewg6x","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Risch campaign paid $1,308,169 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: RISCH, JAMES E MR","explanation":"James Risch's campaign paid 79 disbursements totaling $1,308,169 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RISCH, JAMES E MR","total":514616,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"RISCH, JAMES E MR","amount":250000,"date":"2008-12-02","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RISCH, JAMES E MR","amount":130000,"date":"2008-05-23","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"RISCH, JAMES E MR","amount":100000,"date":"2008-10-31","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JIM RISCH FOR U.S. SENATE COMMITTEE","total":432801.36,"count":44,"samples":[{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR U.S. SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":62000,"date":"2025-08-27","description":"DIRECT CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR U.S. SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":41000,"date":"2025-06-26","description":"TRANSFER: TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR U.S. SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":35000,"date":"2020-10-26","description":"POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JIM RISCH FOR U S SENATE COMMITTEE","total":286097.17999999993,"count":19,"samples":[{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR U S SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":43505.28,"date":"2019-06-26","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR U S SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":43420,"date":"2013-06-27","description":"TRANSFER OF NET PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014},{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR U S SENATE COMMITTEE","amount":31900,"date":"2025-12-15","description":"EARMARKED CONTRIBUTIONS","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"JIM RISCH FOR US SENATE","total":35475,"count":5,"samples":[{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR US SENATE","amount":14525,"date":"2008-06-30","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR US SENATE","amount":5950,"date":"2008-06-30","description":"TRANSFER","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR US SENATE","amount":5000,"date":"2020-09-28","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RISCH PISCA, PLLC","total":12627.92,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RISCH PISCA, PLLC","amount":12627.92,"date":"2010-12-28","description":"FEC/LEGAL/TREASURER SERVICES","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RISCH, JAMES E","total":10000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RISCH, JAMES E","amount":10000,"date":"2011-11-14","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"risch","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RISCH"]},{"id":"P26_R000584_y8e5fp","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Received from 3 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"James Risch's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"BAKER DONELSON BEARMAN CALDWELL & BERKOWITZ PC PAC","total":2000,"fara_registrant":"Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"BAKER DONELSON BEARMAN CALDWELL & BERKOWITZ PC PAC","total":2000,"fara_registrant":"Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, PC","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"BAKER DONELSON BEARMAN CALDWELL & BERKOWITZ PC PAC","total":2000,"fara_registrant":"Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, P.C.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P61_R000584","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $25,000","explanation":"James Risch received campaign contributions totaling $25,000 from 4 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 4 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC ($10,000); SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE ($5,000); CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC. ($5,000); AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TRAVEL ADVISORS, INC. ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":4,"totalDollars":25000,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"TRUE NORTH PAC","ldaClient":"TRUE NORTH MANAGEMENT PARTNERS LLC","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE PAC","ldaClient":"SMALL BUSINESS INVESTOR ALLIANCE","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS INC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"CONSTELLATION BRANDS, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TRAVEL ADVISORS, INC. PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TRAVEL ADVISORS, INC.","donorTotal":5000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P68_R000584","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 12 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$50.6M","explanation":"James Risch's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 12 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $50,625,004.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: 40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Descripti (Farm/Ranch, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); 40 +/- Acres Land, Canyon County, ID Des (Farm/Ranch, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); Agricultural and Commercial Real Estate  (Real Estate Commercial, $5,000,001 - $25,000,000); 160 +/- Acres Land, Ada County, ID Descr (Farm/Ranch, $1,000,001 - $5,000,000); Ada County Rental Property Description:  (Real Estate Residential, $500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":12,"totalEstMidpoint":50625004.5,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Ada County, ID)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"},{"name":"40 +/- Acres Land, Canyon County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Canyon County, ID)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"},{"name":"Agricultural and Commercial Real Estate Property Description: 77 Acres Land, Agricultural and Commercial Real Estate Property, Cloverdale Road (Ada County, Idaho)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"},{"name":"160 +/- Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Ada County, ID)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"},{"name":"Ada County Rental Property Description: Rental property located on Highlander Street (Ada County, ID)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_R000584","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 4 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Partner at JR & JR Properties LLC Boise , ID","explanation":"James Risch's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 4 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Partner at JR & JR Properties LLC Boise , ID (Company); Partner at RFAM Limited Partnership Boise, ID (Partnership); Trustee at The Janeen Street Trust Boise, ID (Other (Trust)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":4,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Mar 2006 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"JR & JR Properties LLC Boise , ID","entityType":"Company"},{"dates":"Dec 1996 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"RFAM Limited Partnership Boise, ID","entityType":"Partnership"},{"dates":"Aug 2006 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"The Janeen Street Trust Boise, ID","entityType":"Other (Trust)"},{"dates":"May 2010 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"The Sage Meadows Trust Boise , ID","entityType":"Other (Trust)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_R000584","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$57,636.37 in outside earned income — top source: Public Employee Retirement System of Idaho Boise, ID ($$43,649.50)","explanation":"James Risch's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $57,636.37 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Public Employee Retirement System of Idaho Boise, ID ($43,649.50, Retirement); T. Rowe Price Rollover IRA Baltimore, Maryland ($8,914.06, Retirement); State of Idaho Deferred Compensation 457(b) Program Boise, I ($5,072.81, Retirement).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":57636.369999999995,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"Public Employee Retirement System of Idaho Boise, ID","amount":"$43,649.50","amountNumeric":43649.5},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"T. Rowe Price Rollover IRA Baltimore, Maryland","amount":"$8,914.06","amountNumeric":8914.06},{"owner":"Self","type":"Retirement","source":"State of Idaho Deferred Compensation 457(b) Program Boise, Idaho","amount":"$5,072.81","amountNumeric":5072.81}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_R000584_2023","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 6 new ticker holdings in 2023 not present in prior PFD filings — including VINIX, PEXMX, PREIX, TQQQ, SPY, VTWO","explanation":"James Risch's 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 6 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: VINIX, PEXMX, PREIX, TQQQ, SPY, VTWO.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2023,"count":6,"newTickers":["VINIX","PEXMX","PREIX","TQQQ","SPY","VTWO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b5b1a9c0-2065-4d9b-aa7d-302e487212e6/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/b5b1a9c0-2065-4d9b-aa7d-302e487212e6/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Risch discloses 1 speculative derivative + 2 compensation options — TQQQ - ProShares UltraPro QQQ","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 3 qualifying instruments: 1 speculative + 2 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: TQQQ - ProShares UltraPro QQQ · American Trailer Sales Co - Marketing Livestock Trailers (24 · Sage Meadow Ranch, Inc - Farm and Ranching Company (5400 Sou.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":1,"compensationCount":2,"speculative":[{"asset":"TQQQ - ProShares UltraPro QQQ","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"compensation":[{"asset":"American Trailer Sales Co - Marketing Livestock Trailers (2400 S. Janeen Street, Boise, ID 83709) Company: American Trailer Sales Co (Boise,","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"asset":"Sage Meadow Ranch, Inc - Farm and Ranching Company (5400 South Cole Road, Boise, ID 83709) Company: Sage Meadow Ranch Inc. (Boise, ID) Descr","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P82_R000584_2022","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Risch filed 2 amendments to the 2022 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. James Risch's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2022 report alone, with 4 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2022,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 2)","Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d48543c-0a9d-40a6-922a-1f569b299f1d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/663944b1-f975-4791-9d93-2435a74114be/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d48543c-0a9d-40a6-922a-1f569b299f1d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/663944b1-f975-4791-9d93-2435a74114be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Risch discloses 11 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (3 top-bracket + 8 unascertainable, 24% of 45 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. James Risch's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 11 opaque-value entries (3 top-bracket, 8 unascertainable) across 45 total reported assets — 24% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: 40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Ada County, I ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · 40 +/- Acres Land, Canyon County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Canyon  ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Black Angus Farms LLC Company: Black Angus Farms (Boise, Idaho) Description: Farming, ranching, prop (--) · Agricultural and Commercial Real Estate Property Description: 77 Acres Land, Agricultural and Commer ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · Capital City Management LLC (5400 South Cole Road, Boise, ID 83709) Company: Capital City Management (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":11,"topBracketCount":3,"unascertCount":8,"totalAssets":45,"opaqueRatio":0.244,"samples":[{"asset":"40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Ada County, I","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"40 +/- Acres Land, Canyon County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Canyon ","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Black Angus Farms LLC Company: Black Angus Farms (Boise, Idaho) Description: Farming, ranching, prop","value":"--"},{"asset":"Agricultural and Commercial Real Estate Property Description: 77 Acres Land, Agricultural and Commer","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"asset":"Capital City Management LLC (5400 South Cole Road, Boise, ID 83709) Company: Capital City Management","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Risch discloses 11 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 11 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: 40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operat · 40 +/- Acres Land, Canyon County, ID Description: Currently  · Agricultural and Commercial Real Estate Property Description · 160 +/- Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Op.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":11,"properties":[{"name":"40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Ada County, ID)","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"name":"40 +/- Acres Land, Canyon County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Canyon County, ID","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"name":"Agricultural and Commercial Real Estate Property Description: 77 Acres Land, Agricultural and Commercial Real ","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"name":"160 +/- Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Ada County, ID)","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"name":"Capital City Management LLC (5400 South Cole Road, Boise, ID 83709) Company: Capital City Management LLC (Bois","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Residential Real Property Description: Rental Home (Boise, ID) Filer comment: Removed 200 North Pond asset lis","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Ada County Rental Property Description: Rental property located on Highlander Street (Ada County, ID)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Ada County Rental Property Desert Description: Rental property located in Boise, ID/the desert (Boise, Idaho)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Risch's 2025 PFD: 41 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (89% of 46 reported assets)","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 41 reported holdings owned by Spouse (4), Joint (37), or Dependent (0) — 89% of 46 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: US Bank Account **04 (Boise, ID) Type: Checking, Money Market Account · Joint: US Bank Account **25 (Boise, ID) Type: Checking · Spouse: US Bank Account **15 (Boise, ID) Type: Checking · Joint: 40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":4,"Joint":37,"Dependent":0,"Self":4},"totalAssets":46,"familyShare":0.891,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"US Bank Account **04 (Boise, ID) Type: Checking, Money Market Account","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"US Bank Account **25 (Boise, ID) Type: Checking","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"US Bank Account **15 (Boise, ID) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"40 +/- Acres Land, Canyon County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Risch's 2025 PFD: 5 holdings ≥$1M each — (non-ticker), (non-ticker), (non-ticker)","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 single-position holdings valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($5,000,001 - $25,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000) · (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":5,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"40+ Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Ada County, I","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"40 +/- Acres Land, Canyon County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Canyon ","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Agricultural and Commercial Real Estate Property Description: 77 Acres Land, Agricultural and Commer","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$5,000,001 - $25,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"160 +/- Acres Land, Ada County, ID Description: Currently Operated as Farm and Ranch Land (Ada Count","type":"Farm/Ranch","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"},{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"American Trailer Sales Co - Marketing Livestock Trailers (2400 S. Janeen Street, Boise, ID 83709) Co","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P90_R000584","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Risch's campaign paid $27,628 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: JIM RISCH FOR US SENATE ($15,000)","explanation":"James Risch's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $27,628 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: JIM RISCH FOR US SENATE ($15,000 across 3 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2008, 2020.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":27627.92,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"JIM RISCH FOR US SENATE","total":15000,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"RISCH PISCA, PLLC","total":12627.92,"count":1,"descriptions":["FEC/LEGAL/TREASURER SERVICES"]}],"surname":"risch"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S8ID00092&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_R000584","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Risch filed 20 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 187 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. James Risch has filed 20 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 187 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2013 (187d late, filed 11/18/2013) · 2022 (151d late, filed 10/13/2022) · 2022 (127d late, filed 09/19/2022) · 2021 (93d late, filed 08/16/2021).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":20,"maxDaysLate":187,"samples":[{"year":2013,"filingDate":"11/18/2013","daysLate":187,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/3DD6AD87-61AA-492D-B269-F65EE35A4282/","title":"Annual Report (Amendment)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"10/13/2022","daysLate":151,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d48543c-0a9d-40a6-922a-1f569b299f1d/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 2)"},{"year":2022,"filingDate":"09/19/2022","daysLate":127,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/663944b1-f975-4791-9d93-2435a74114be/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2021 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"08/16/2021","daysLate":93,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9fe6b987-7d40-4fb5-ac66-9820580657c4/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/3DD6AD87-61AA-492D-B269-F65EE35A4282/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6d48543c-0a9d-40a6-922a-1f569b299f1d/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/663944b1-f975-4791-9d93-2435a74114be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Risch owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Countrywide Home Loans","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 5.875% (30 years) from Countrywide Home Loans.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"5.875% (30 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Countrywide Home Loans - Note Transferred to Bank of America Calabassas, CA","incurred":"2004"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P104_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Risch's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Risch\" — top: Notes owed by Risch for","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Risch\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Notes owed by Risch for (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Risch","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Notes owed by Risch for Lt. Gov. Committees Resulting from 2002 Primary Election Campaign, Boise, ID","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P133_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P133_PFD_HIGH_NET_WORTH_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Risch's 2025 PFD net-worth proxy: $55.7M — top decile of Senate (≥$48M threshold)","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows a net-worth proxy of $55.7M (asset midpoint $56.5M minus liability midpoint $0.8M), placing them in the top decile of all senators with parsed PFDs (90th-percentile threshold: $48M). Top-decile senators face a different conflict-of-interest profile than median-wealth senators: their personal balance sheets are large enough that small percentage-point movements in held sectors translate to six-figure swings in net worth, and the concentration of wealth often reflects pre-Senate corporate roles, founder positions, or family-trust structures that retain ongoing influence over portfolio composition. Cross-reference this finding with sector-concentration (P130), heavy-lobbying-holdings (P106), federal-contractor holdings (P108), and committee-jurisdiction overlaps to see where the wealth is exposed to federal policy.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_top_decile_networth","year":"2025","netWorthProxy":55669018,"netWorthM":55.67,"totalAssetMid":56451519,"totalLiabMid":782501.5,"p90ThresholdM":48.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_R000584","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Risch's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $54.1M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"James Risch's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $54.1M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 60; earned-income on first filing: $40,402.34.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":54082031,"assetCount":60,"earnedIncome":40402.340000000004,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dd640a1-c37c-4962-b76d-5853aa39e293/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/3dd640a1-c37c-4962-b76d-5853aa39e293/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_R000584","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Risch draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.0M PAC / $27.3M total)","explanation":"James Risch's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.0M of $27.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.96,"lifetimeReceiptsM":27.35,"pacSharePct":32.7,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"S8ID00092"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8ID00092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P157_R000584","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Risch ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 632 sponsored, 2,826 cosponsored","explanation":"James Risch's congress.gov record shows 632 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":632,"cosponsoredCount":2826,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/james-e.-risch/R000584","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P162_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Risch's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 45 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 45 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":45,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_R000584_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Risch's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: PERSI Choice 401K Denver, (Retirement)","explanation":"James Risch's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Retirement from PERSI Choice 401K Denver, ($4,597.78).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Retirement","payer":"PERSI Choice 401K Denver, Colorado","amount":"$4,597.78"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6231982e-5f6c-4e56-bffb-b40ccd38397b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/df7d01d2-e052-48dc-8e73-d2127bb0b2be/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6231982e-5f6c-4e56-bffb-b40ccd38397b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_ID_senior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"LOW","headline":"ID delegation: James Risch & Michael “Mike” Crapo both flagged on 9 shared detector types (1 HIGH-severity overlaps)","explanation":"Both senators from ID — James Risch and Michael “Mike” Crapo — are flagged on the same 9 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 1 of those overlaps both being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment on a specific conflict pattern is a useful network-signal: it suggests either (a) the state's political economy disproportionately rewards a particular industry / behavior, or (b) the senators share donor / staff / consultant networks that drive the same underlying choices. State-level pattern concentration is difficult to surface from individual per-senator findings — this detector aggregates the shared structure. Shared detectors: P61, P68, P74, P82, P84, P88, P93, P96.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"ID","juniorSenatorBid":"C000880","juniorSenatorName":"Michael “Mike” Crapo","sharedDetectorCount":9,"sharedHighCount":1,"sharedDetectors":["P61","P68","P74","P82","P84","P88","P93","P96","P104"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000584","https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000880"]}],"N000191":[{"id":"P19_N000191_fjqfj5","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Neguse campaign paid $255,281 to 16 surname-matched vendors, top: RUPERT, MAYA","explanation":"Joe Neguse's campaign paid 77 disbursements totaling $255,281 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RUPERT, MAYA","total":190009.22999999998,"count":47,"samples":[{"payee":"RUPERT, MAYA","amount":13920.55,"date":"2020-01-15","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RUPERT, MAYA","amount":9695.8,"date":"2019-03-08","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RUPERT, MAYA","amount":7257.22,"date":"2020-05-22","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RUPERT, KIMBERLY","total":16028.5,"count":7,"samples":[{"payee":"RUPERT, KIMBERLY","amount":3900,"date":"2022-05-16","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"RUPERT, KIMBERLY","amount":2128.5,"date":"2020-10-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"RUPERT, KIMBERLY","amount":2000,"date":"2020-09-29","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"CHEYENNE RUPERT","total":14151.859999999999,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"CHEYENNE RUPERT","amount":1976.13,"date":"2020-02-13","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CHEYENNE RUPERT","amount":1557.78,"date":"2020-03-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"CHEYENNE RUPERT","amount":1557.78,"date":"2020-02-27","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"HALL, RUPERT","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"HALL, RUPERT","amount":5000,"date":"2025-09-16","description":"REFUND OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION MADE ON 9/16/2025","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RUPERT, STEVEN MD","total":4000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"RUPERT, STEVEN MD","amount":4000,"date":"2008-09-16","description":"REFUND OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION TO PAC","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"RUPERT, CHEYENNE","total":3500,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"RUPERT, CHEYENNE","amount":2000,"date":"2018-10-26","description":"VOTER OUTREACH SERVICES","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"RUPERT, CHEYENNE","amount":1500,"date":"2018-11-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES","surnameMatched":"rupert","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=RUPERT"]},{"id":"P26_N000191_2zvyb8","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 2 PAC donors with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"Joe Neguse's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Squire Patton Boggs, LLP","country":"us"},{"source":"fara_match","name":"SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS PAC)","total":5000,"fara_registrant":"Patton, Blow, Verrill, Brand & Boggs","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P47_N000191_NTCA_The_Rural_Broadband_Organ_118667","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"NTCA -- The Rural Broadband Organization testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Joe Neguse sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-12-11 held a hearing titled \"Legislative hearing on:\r\n• H.R. 3924 (Rep. Neguse), “Wildfire Risk Evaluation Act”\r\n• H.R. 5095 (Rep. Patronis), “Housin…\". The witness Mr. Brian Ford (NTCA -- The Rural Broadband Organization) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118667","title":"Legislative hearing on:\r\n• H.R. 3924 (Rep. Neguse), “Wildfire Risk Evaluation Act”\r\n• H.R. 5095 (Rep. Patronis), “Housing Our Military Effectively For Readiness, Operations, and Neutralization of Threats Act of 2025” or the “HOMEFRONT Act of 2025”\r\n• H.R. 5419 (Rep. Kean), “Enhancing Administrative Reviews for Broadband Deployment Act”\r\n• H.R. 5729 (Rep. Crane), “North Rim Restoration Act of 2025”\r\n• H.R. 6365 (Rep. McGuire), “Wintergreen Emergency Egress Act”\r\n• H.R. 6380 (Rep. Ciscomani), “Chiricahua National Park Act”\r\n• Discussion Draft of H.R. ____ (Rep. Gottheimer), “American Products in Parks Act”.","date":"2025-12-11T19:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Ford","witnessOrg":"NTCA -- The Rural Broadband Organization","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118667"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BROADBAND PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TELECOMMUNICATIONS%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20RURAL%20BROADBAND%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118667","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TELECOMMUNICATIONS%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20RURAL%20BROADBAND%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000191_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118223","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Joe Neguse sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2025-05-20 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"118223","title":"Legislative Hearing on: Discussion Draft of H.R. ___ (Rep. Hurd), “Fostering Opportunities to Restore Ecosystems through Sound Tribal Stewardship Act” or the “FORESTS Act.”","date":"2025-05-20T14:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223"},{"source":"donor","name":"OF CAHUILLA INDIANS, AGUA CALIENTE BAND","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118223","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"]},{"id":"P47_N000191_Pechanga_Band_of_Indians_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Pechanga Band of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Joe Neguse sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness The Honorable Marc Luker (Pechanga Band of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"The Honorable Marc Luker","witnessOrg":"Pechanga Band of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"OF CAHUILLA INDIANS, AGUA CALIENTE BAND","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"]},{"id":"P47_N000191_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_118657","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Joe Neguse sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2025-11-19 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act…\". The witness Mr. Tim Vredenburg (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"118657","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. 4276 (Rep. Case), To amend the Native American Tourism and Improving Visitor Experience Act to authorize grants to Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations, and for other purposes H.R. 5515 (Rep. Hurd), “Indian Trust Asset Reform Amendment Act” H.R. 5682 (Rep. Issa), To take certain land in the State of California into trust for the benefit of the Pechanga Band of Indians, and for other purposes H.R. 5696 (Rep. LaMalfa), “Strengthening Tribal Real Estate Authority and Modernizing Land for Indigenous Nation Expansion Act” or the “STREAMLINE ACT”","date":"2025-11-19T15:15:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tim Vredenburg","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657"},{"source":"donor","name":"OF CAHUILLA INDIANS, AGUA CALIENTE BAND","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118657","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"]},{"id":"P47_N000191_WTA_The_Rural_Broadband_Associ_117498","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"WTA - The Rural Broadband Association testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Joe Neguse sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands, which on 2024-07-24 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. ____ (Rep. Tiffany), Apostle Islands National Park; H.R. 2405 (Rep. Armstrong), “North Dako…\". The witness Mr. Eric Keber (WTA - The Rural Broadband Association) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Federal Lands","eventId":"117498","title":"Legislative Hearing on: H.R. ____ (Rep. Tiffany), Apostle Islands National Park; H.R. 2405 (Rep. Armstrong), “North Dakota Trust Lands Completion Act of 2023”; H.R. 3293 (Rep. Duncan), “Expediting Federal Broadband Deployment Reviews Act”; H.R. 6210 (Rep. Wexton), To designate the General George C. Marshall House, in the Commonwealth of Virginia, as an affiliated area of the National Park System, and for other purposes; H.R. 8403 (Rep. Cohen), “Benton MacKaye National Scenic Trail Feasibility Study Act of 2024”; and H.R. 8603 (Rep. Collins), To direct the Secretary of the Interior to establish a pilot program for a Federal and State multi-entity pass accepted by one or more Federal land management agencies and one or more State land management agencies, and for other purposes.","date":"2024-07-24T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Eric Keber","witnessOrg":"WTA - The Rural Broadband Association","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117498"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION RURAL BROADBAND PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"VA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TELECOMMUNICATIONS%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20RURAL%20BROADBAND%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/117498","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20TELECOMMUNICATIONS%20COOPERATIVE%20ASSOCIATION%20RURAL%20BROADBAND%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000191_Town_of_North_Topsail_North_Ca_116318","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries — also a $5,000 donor","explanation":"Joe Neguse sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries, which on 2023-09-28 held a hearing titled \"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H.…\". The witness Mr. Tom Leonard (Town of North Topsail, North Carolina) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $5,000 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries","eventId":"116318","title":"Legislative Hearing on the following bills:\r\n\r\n• HR 2437 (Rep. Murphy) To revise the boundaries of a unit of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System in Topsail, North Carolina, and for other purposes;\r\n• HR 3415 (Rep. Hageman) “Pilot Butte Power Plant Conveyance Act”;\r\n• HR 4385 (Rep. Neguse) “Drought Preparedness Act”; and\r\n• HR 5490 (Rep. Kiggans) “BEACH Act”.","date":"2023-09-28T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Tom Leonard","witnessOrg":"Town of North Topsail, North Carolina","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318"},{"source":"donor","name":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC","total":5000,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/116318","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=LABORERS'%20INTERNATIONAL%20UNION%20OF%20NORTH%20AMERICA%20(LIUNA)%20PAC"]},{"id":"P47_N000191_Cow_Creek_Band_of_Umpqua_Tribe_115374","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians testified before House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Joe Neguse sits on House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs, which on 2023-03-01 held a hearing titled \"Oversight Hearing on \"Unlocking Indian Country’s Economic Potential\"\". The witness Mr. Jason Robison (Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Insular Affairs","eventId":"115374","title":"Oversight Hearing on \"Unlocking Indian Country’s Economic Potential\"","date":"2023-03-01T14:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Jason Robison","witnessOrg":"Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115374"},{"source":"donor","name":"OF CAHUILLA INDIANS, AGUA CALIENTE BAND","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115374","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"]},{"id":"P47_N000191_Kashia_Band_of_Pomo_Indians_115287","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kashia Band of Pomo Indians testified before House Natural Resources — also a $3,300 donor","explanation":"Joe Neguse sits on House Natural Resources, which on 2023-02-08 held a hearing titled \"Full Committee oversight hearing titled “Unleashing America’s Energy and Mineral Potential”.\". The witness Mr. Reno Franklin (Kashia Band of Pomo Indians) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $3,300 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Natural Resources","eventId":"115287","title":"Full Committee oversight hearing titled “Unleashing America’s Energy and Mineral Potential”.","date":"2023-02-08T15:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Reno Franklin","witnessOrg":"Kashia Band of Pomo Indians","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115287"},{"source":"donor","name":"OF CAHUILLA INDIANS, AGUA CALIENTE BAND","total":3300,"count":1,"type":"INDIVIDUAL","state":"CA","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/118th-congress/house/115287","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=OF%20CAHUILLA%20INDIANS%2C%20AGUA%20CALIENTE%20BAND"]},{"id":"P61_N000191","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"26 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $164,500","explanation":"Joe Neguse received campaign contributions totaling $164,500 from 26 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 2 were exact-name matches, 24 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($26,500); INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS ($10,000); THE HOME DEPOT ($10,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($8,000); END CITIZENS UNITED ($5,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":26,"totalDollars":164500,"exactMatches":2,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":26500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS PAC","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"THE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"THE HOME DEPOT","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"END CITIZENS UNITED","ldaClient":"END CITIZENS UNITED","donorTotal":5000,"exact":true}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_N000191","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Neguse draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.2M PAC / $19.3M total)","explanation":"Joe Neguse's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.2M of $19.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.22,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.34,"pacSharePct":32.2,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8CO02160"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CO02160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_N000191","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Neguse's PAC funding concentrates 39% in Technology ($0.05M / $0.14M classified)","explanation":"Joe Neguse's PAC donors concentrate 39% in the Technology industry — $0.05M of $0.14M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.05M · Labor $0.03M · Real Estate $0.02M · Energy $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.05,"totalPacAmountM":0.14,"concentrationPct":39,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.05,"Labor":0.03,"Real Estate":0.02,"Energy":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Finance":0.01,"Education":0.01,"Telecom":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CO02160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"B001302":[{"id":"P19_B001302_wakiom","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Andy Biggs campaign paid $230,913 to 6 surname-matched vendors, top: BIGGS, ANDY MR.","explanation":"Andy Biggs's campaign paid 15 disbursements totaling $230,913 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIGGS, ANDY MR.","total":146000,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"BIGGS, ANDY MR.","amount":40000,"date":"2021-05-25","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BIGGS, ANDY MR.","amount":16000,"date":"2019-07-15","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BIGGS, ANDY MR.","amount":15000,"date":"2020-07-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT: LOAN RECEIVED","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS","total":38700,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS","amount":20700,"date":"2024-07-16","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS","amount":18000,"date":"2024-08-06","description":"NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIGGS, GRETCHEN","total":20000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BIGGS, GRETCHEN","amount":20000,"date":"2023-10-19","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"GORTON BLAIR BIGGS INTL","total":14413.05,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"GORTON BLAIR BIGGS INTL","amount":7275.45,"date":"2012-04-05","description":"TV ADVERTISING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"GORTON BLAIR BIGGS INTL","amount":7137.6,"date":"2012-04-19","description":"TV ADVERTISING COMMISSION","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIGGS, LEAH","total":6000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BIGGS, LEAH","amount":6000,"date":"2023-01-31","description":"CONTRIBUTION REFUND","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BIGGS, ALISON","total":5800,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BIGGS, ALISON","amount":5800,"date":"2021-10-22","description":"REFUND OF CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"biggs","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BIGGS"]},{"id":"P25_B001302_Ideological","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"58% of PAC dollars ($81,100) come from Ideological industry","explanation":"Andy Biggs receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Ideological issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Ideological","amount":81100,"share":58,"totalPAC":139740.25,"pacCount":13},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":81100,"share":58},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":22551.15,"share":16.1},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":15400,"share":11},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"RealEstate","amount":9000,"share":6.4}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_B001302_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BIGGS, Andrew S. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":388,"date":"2026-01-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P90_B001302","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Andy Biggs's campaign paid $53,113 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS ($38,700)","explanation":"Andy Biggs's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 4 payments totaling $53,113 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS ($38,700 across 2 payments, services: NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":53113.049999999996,"paymentCount":4,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BIGGS-CHIROPOLOS, NIKOS","total":38700,"count":2,"descriptions":["NONCONTRIBUTION ACCOUNT - COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"GORTON BLAIR BIGGS INTL","total":14413.05,"count":2,"descriptions":["TV ADVERTISING COMMISSION"]}],"surname":"biggs"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6AZ05083&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P157_B001302","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andy Biggs ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 929 sponsored, 1,461 cosponsored","explanation":"Andy Biggs's congress.gov record shows 929 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":929,"cosponsoredCount":1461,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/andy-biggs/B001302","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"L000566":[{"id":"P19_L000566_q4jo5b","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Latta campaign paid $79,315 to 1 surname-matched vendor, top: LATTA, ROBERT EDWARD","explanation":"Robert Latta's campaign paid 9 disbursements totaling $79,315 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"LATTA, ROBERT EDWARD","total":79314.56999999999,"count":9,"samples":[{"payee":"LATTA, ROBERT EDWARD","amount":12300,"date":"2007-12-07","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"latta","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"LATTA, ROBERT EDWARD","amount":11700,"date":"2008-10-01","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"latta","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2008},{"payee":"LATTA, ROBERT EDWARD","amount":11127.09,"date":"2014-10-04","description":"REIMBURSEMENT: SEE BELOW","surnameMatched":"latta","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=LATTA"]},{"id":"P23_L000566_1absl","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 trades in FMAO (Other) — 85% of this member's 20 total trades","explanation":"Robert Latta has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"FMAO","count":17,"buys":17,"sells":0,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2020-03-10","lastDate":"2026-01-20"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P43_L000566_FMAO_20250605","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FMAO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Latta buy $FMAO 1 day before a corporate insider (Frey Kevin G  (CIK 0002044155)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FMAO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2025-06-05"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FMAO","filer":"Frey Kevin G  (CIK 0002044155)","filingDate":"2025-06-06","adsh":"0000950170-25-082822"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000566_FMAO_20241020","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FMAO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Latta buy $FMAO 1 day before a corporate insider (Gerken David R  (CIK 0002034391)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FMAO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2024-10-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FMAO","filer":"Gerken David R  (CIK 0002034391)","filingDate":"2024-10-21","adsh":"0000950170-24-115796"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000566_FMAO_20240606","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FMAO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Latta buy $FMAO 1 day before a corporate insider (Stamm K. Brad  (CIK 0001688697)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FMAO","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2024-06-06"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FMAO","filer":"Stamm K. Brad  (CIK 0001688697)","filingDate":"2024-06-07","adsh":"0000950170-24-070415"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000566_FMAO_20200310","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"BUY $FMAO 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Latta buy $FMAO 1 day before a corporate insider (Briggs Andrew J  (CIK 0001763764)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FMAO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2020-03-10"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FMAO","filer":"Briggs Andrew J  (CIK 0001763764)","filingDate":"2020-03-11","adsh":"0001209191-20-018187"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000566_FMAO_20230420","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $FMAO 5 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Robert Latta buy $FMAO 5 days before a corporate insider (Planson Steven J  (CIK 0001423983)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"FMAO","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-04-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"FMAO","filer":"Planson Steven J  (CIK 0001423983)","filingDate":"2023-04-25","adsh":"0001209191-23-025505"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_L000566","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Latta draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.3M PAC / $28.1M total)","explanation":"Robert Latta's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.3M of $28.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.34,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.14,"pacSharePct":58.1,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H8OH05036"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH05036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_L000566_Toeliminateautomatic","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Latta sponsored \"To eliminate automatic pay adjustments for Members of Congre\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Robert Latta has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To eliminate automatic pay adjustments for Members of Congress, and for other purposes."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000566_Toauthorizeandreques","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Latta sponsored \"To authorize and request the President to award the congress\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Robert Latta has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To authorize and request the President to award the congressional Medal of Honor to Arthur Jibilian for actions behind enemy lines during World War II while a member of the United States Navy and the Office of Strategic Services."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000566_StateandLocalLawEnfo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Latta sponsored \"State and Local Law Enforcement Hatch Act Reform Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Robert Latta has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"State and Local Law Enforcement Hatch Act Reform Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_L000566_FMAO","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Latta — 17 disclosed trades in single ticker FMAO","explanation":"Robert Latta traded FMAO on 17 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the FMAO trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"FMAO","count":17}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"T000474":[{"id":"P19_T000474_vge5ai","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Norma Torres campaign paid $88,977,775 to 38 surname-matched vendors, top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","explanation":"Norma Torres's campaign paid 175 disbursements totaling $88,977,775 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1791414.8,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1741797,"date":"2016-08-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1570367.35,"date":"2012-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1522556.55,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1469963.4,"date":"2012-10-12","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1355505,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1490194.8,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1416324.9,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":658604.36,"date":"2013-06-03","description":"MEDIA TV BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRES LLP","total":3500000,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRES LLP","amount":2500000,"date":"2021-01-13","description":"GENERAL: LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"KASOWITZ, BENSON, TORRES LLP","amount":1000000,"date":"2020-12-18","description":"LEGAL CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"torres","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":3271839.4,"date":"2016-10-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":732000,"date":"2023-12-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":710000,"date":"2025-04-30","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2026},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","amount":645000,"date":"2024-03-31","description":"DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SHORR%20JOHNSON%20MAGNUS"]},{"id":"P25_T000474_Corporate","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"60% of PAC dollars ($249,994) come from Corporate industry","explanation":"Norma Torres receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Corporate issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Corporate","amount":249993.96,"share":59.6,"totalPAC":419793.96,"pacCount":36},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":249993.96,"share":59.6},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Labor","amount":70000,"share":16.7},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":23200,"share":5.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Agriculture","amount":13300,"share":3.2}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_T000474","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"11 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $270,212.4","explanation":"Norma Torres received campaign contributions totaling $270,212.4 from 11 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 10 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($201,612.4); AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); ABBOTT LABORATORIES ($9,000); NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION (NATC ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":11,"totalDollars":270212.4,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AIPAC PAC(AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":201612.4,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS COPE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES EMPLOYEE PAC","ldaClient":"ABBOTT LABORATORIES","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOC. (NATCA) PAC","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION (NATCA)","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_T000474","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Norma Torres's campaign paid $406,822 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP ($406,822)","explanation":"Norma Torres's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 11 payments totaling $406,822 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP ($406,822 across 11 payments, services: POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL AND PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING · POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL & PUBLIC RELATIONS · POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2012, 2014.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":406822.43,"paymentCount":11,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"TORRES CONSULTING AND LAW GROUP","total":406822.43,"count":11,"descriptions":["POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL AND PUBLIC RELATIONS CONSULTING","POLITICAL STRATEGY, RESEARCH, LEGAL & PUBLIC RELATIONS","POLITICAL STRATEGY CONSULTING"]}],"surname":"torres"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H4CA35031&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_T000474","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Norma Torres draws 73% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.8M PAC / $9.3M total)","explanation":"Norma Torres's FEC-bulk record shows 73% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.8M of $9.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.3,"pacSharePct":73.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4CA35031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA35031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"J000288":[{"id":"P19_J000288_vduj6n","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson campaign paid $104,533,085 to 171 surname-matched vendors, top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","explanation":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson's campaign paid 596 disbursements totaling $104,533,085 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1791414.8,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1741797,"date":"2016-08-24","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","amount":1570367.35,"date":"2012-10-26","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"samples":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1522556.55,"date":"2018-10-29","description":"MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1469963.4,"date":"2012-10-12","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","amount":1355505,"date":"2012-10-22","description":"ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1490194.8,"date":"2010-10-21","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":1416324.9,"date":"2010-10-14","description":"MEDIA","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","amount":658604.36,"date":"2013-06-03","description":"MEDIA TV BUY","surnameMatched":"johnson","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2014}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","total":3714639,"count":20,"samples":[{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":1038313,"date":"2018-09-14","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":548961,"date":"2018-09-18","description":"ADVANCE PAYMENT FOR DIRECT MAIL COSTS","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"TERRIS BARNES & WALTERS","amount":366563,"date":"2010-09-23","description":"ADVANCE DIRECT MAIL COSTS (SEE MEMO TEXT FOR DETAILED EXPLANATION)","surnameMatched":"barnes","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","total":3387843.13,"count":24,"samples":[{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":651000,"date":"2010-08-17","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":370000,"date":"2015-11-24","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY","amount":258211.86,"date":"2016-08-02","description":"TRANSFER OF JOINT FUNDRAISING PROCEEDS","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","total":3382792,"count":34,"samples":[{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":300000,"date":"2004-10-21","description":"TV BUY - 10/26/04-11/2/04","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":257760,"date":"2004-10-14","description":"NETWORK TV BUY","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"MURRAY PERSKIE ASSOCIATES","amount":200000,"date":"2010-10-13","description":"MEDIA BUYS - TV","surnameMatched":"murray","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=SHORR%20JOHNSON%20MAGNUS"]},{"id":"P29_J000288_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JOHNSON, Hank voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":360,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_J000288","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"21 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $122,500","explanation":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson received campaign contributions totaling $122,500 from 21 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 1 were exact-name matches, 20 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 77 ($10,000); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($7,500); LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA ($7,500); AFLAC INCORPORATED ($7,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":21,"totalDollars":122500,"exactMatches":1,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)","ldaClient":"SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION 775 (SEIU 775)","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL A","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA PAC","ldaClient":"LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AFLAC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AFLAC PAC)","ldaClient":"AFLAC INCORPORATED","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P86_J000288","pattern_type":"P86_ETHICS_CASE_TARGET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson named in 1 public ethics-committee report","explanation":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson appears as a named subject in 1 House Ethics Committee public report. Even closed-without-discipline ethics cases warrant journalist review — the underlying allegations are publicly described in the committee's quarterly report and the disposition (referral, dismissed, deferred, recommended-for-investigation) is publicly recorded. The case period is contextually significant: any subsequent trade activity, committee assignments, or sponsored bills made by this member during or after the inquiry should be scrutinized for potential influence on the case's outcome. Reports include: Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regardin.","evidence":[{"source":"ethics_cases","caseCount":1,"agencies":["House Ethics Committee"],"years":[],"cases":[{"year":null,"title":"Statement of the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics Regarding Representative Hank Johnson","agency":"House Ethics Committee","disposition":null,"sourceUrl":"https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-hank/"}]}],"citations":["https://ethics.house.gov/press-releases/statement-chairman-and-ranking-member-committee-ethics-regarding-representative-hank/"]},{"id":"P90_J000288","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson's campaign paid $80,019,491 to 9 surname-matched vendors — top: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415)","explanation":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 85 payments totaling $80,019,491 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS ($49,629,415 across 56 payments, services: MEDIA BUY · MEDIA · MEDIA PURCHASE). Cycles covered: 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":80019490.8,"paymentCount":85,"payeeCount":9,"topPayees":[{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":49629415.06999999,"count":56,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","MEDIA","MEDIA PURCHASE"]},{"payee":"SHORR JOHNSON MAGNUS STRATEGIC MEDIA","total":14959853.98,"count":15,"descriptions":["MEDIA BUY","ADVERTISING/MEDIA BUY","ISSUE ORIENTED MEDIA BUY"]},{"payee":"MAGNUS, SHORR JOHNSON","total":4199501.45,"count":4,"descriptions":["MEDIA","MEDIA TV BUY"]},{"payee":" JOHNSON MAGNUS","total":3271839.4,"count":1,"descriptions":["MEDIA"]},{"payee":"MIKE JOHNSON FOR LOUISIANA","total":2087000,"count":3,"descriptions":["DISTRIBUTION OF NET JFC PROCEEDS"]}],"surname":"johnson"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6GA04129&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_J000288","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson draws 74% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.8M PAC / $12.0M total)","explanation":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson's FEC-bulk record shows 74% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.8M of $12.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.85,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.01,"pacSharePct":73.7,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6GA04129"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6GA04129/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_J000288","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson's PAC funding concentrates 34% in Technology ($0.04M / $0.11M classified)","explanation":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson's PAC donors concentrate 34% in the Technology industry — $0.04M of $0.11M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.04M · Labor $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Defense $0.01M · Energy $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.04,"totalPacAmountM":0.11,"concentrationPct":34.3,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.04,"Labor":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Defense":0.01,"Energy":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Telecom":0.01,"Finance":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6GA04129/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_J000288","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,931 cosponsored, 255 sponsored","explanation":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson's congress.gov record shows 5,931 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5931,"sponsoredCount":255,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-c.-\"hank\"-johnson,-jr./J000288","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P195_J000288","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson — DW-NOMINATE -0.48 vs GA delegation mean 0.21 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Henry C. “Hank” Johnson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.48) is 1.5 standard deviations from the GA delegation mean (0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"GA","memberScore":-0.478,"delegationMean":0.20903703703703705,"zscore":"1.53"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001307":[{"id":"P19_B001307_s357tr","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Baird campaign paid $348,252 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: BAIRD, JAMES R PHD R DR.","explanation":"James Baird's campaign paid 22 disbursements totaling $348,252 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAIRD, JAMES R PHD R DR.","total":170000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BAIRD, JAMES R PHD R DR.","amount":120000,"date":"2024-04-15","description":"","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BAIRD, JAMES R PHD R DR.","amount":40000,"date":"2024-04-15","description":"","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BAIRD, JAMES R PHD R DR.","amount":10000,"date":"2018-12-03","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAIRD, JAMES R DR.","total":81000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"BAIRD, JAMES R DR.","amount":30000,"date":"2018-10-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"BAIRD, JAMES R DR.","amount":20000,"date":"2019-02-08","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BAIRD, JAMES R DR.","amount":20000,"date":"2019-02-05","description":"LOAN REPAYMENT","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAIRD, BRIAN N.","total":17305.35,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"BAIRD, BRIAN N.","amount":17305.35,"date":"2011-03-08","description":"MOVING/TRAVEL EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAIRD, HOLLY","total":15057.58,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BAIRD, HOLLY","amount":5057.58,"date":"2024-03-22","description":"REIMBURSEMENT - SEE BELOW IF ITEMIZED","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024},{"payee":"BAIRD, HOLLY","amount":5000,"date":"2022-03-31","description":"COMMUNICATION AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"BAIRD, HOLLY","amount":5000,"date":"2022-02-28","description":"COMMUNICATION AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BAIRD, BRIAN","total":15000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"BAIRD, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2005-11-30","description":"","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"BAIRD, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2009-06-23","description":"","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010},{"payee":"BAIRD, BRIAN","amount":5000,"date":"2010-04-23","description":"","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2010}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"WISCONSIN CENTER DISTRICT - BAIRD CENTER","total":10158.78,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"WISCONSIN CENTER DISTRICT - BAIRD CENTER","amount":10158.78,"date":"2024-07-19","description":"DELEGATE EVENT EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"baird","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=BAIRD"]},{"id":"P26_B001307_v7r7l4","pattern_type":"P26_FARA_PAC_OVERLAP","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Received from 1 PAC donor with names overlapping FARA-registered foreign-agent entities","explanation":"James Baird's PAC donor list contains names sharing distinctive tokens with entities on the Foreign Agents Registration Act register. The match is token-based (≥2 shared distinctive words), not exact — treat as a starting point for verification, not proof.","evidence":[{"source":"fara_match","name":"INDIANA ACRE/INDIANA STATEWIDE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES DBA INDIANA ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES FEDERAL PAC","total":4000,"fara_registrant":"Crossworld of Indiana, Inc.","country":"us"}],"citations":["https://efile.fara.gov/"]},{"id":"P29_B001307_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BAIRD, James voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":391,"date":"2026-01-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2026-01-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Envir"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_B001307","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $86,500","explanation":"James Baird received campaign contributions totaling $86,500 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: FARM CREDIT COUNCIL ($10,000); NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES ($9,000); ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY ($7,500).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":86500,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"THE FARM CREDIT COUNCIL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"FARM CREDIT COUNCIL","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)","ldaClient":"AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES","donorTotal":9000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY-ADM PAC","ldaClient":"ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY","donorTotal":7500,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_B001307","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Baird's campaign paid $62,464 to 6 surname-matched vendors — top: BAIRD, BRIAN N. ($17,305)","explanation":"James Baird's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 9 payments totaling $62,464 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: BAIRD, BRIAN N. ($17,305 across 1 payments, services: MOVING/TRAVEL EXPENSES). Cycles covered: 2012.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":62464.13,"paymentCount":9,"payeeCount":6,"topPayees":[{"payee":"BAIRD, BRIAN N.","total":17305.35,"count":1,"descriptions":["MOVING/TRAVEL EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"BAIRD, BRIAN","total":15000,"count":3,"descriptions":[]},{"payee":"WISCONSIN CENTER DISTRICT - BAIRD CENTER","total":10158.78,"count":1,"descriptions":["DELEGATE EVENT EXPENSES"]},{"payee":"BAIRD, HOLLY","total":10000,"count":2,"descriptions":["COMMUNICATION AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT"]},{"payee":"BAIRD, BRIAN  ","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":[]}],"surname":"baird"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H8IN04199&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_B001307","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James Baird draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.1M PAC / $4.5M total)","explanation":"James Baird's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.1M of $4.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.53,"pacSharePct":47.5,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8IN04199"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IN04199/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M000687":[{"id":"P19_M000687_yjrz6v","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kweisi Mfume campaign paid $15,097,300 to 9 surname-matched vendors, top: MAGNUS PEARSON MEDIA","explanation":"Kweisi Mfume's campaign paid 105 disbursements totaling $15,097,300 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS PEARSON MEDIA","total":5282185.779999999,"count":47,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS PEARSON MEDIA","amount":329138.61,"date":"2020-12-14","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"MAGNUS PEARSON MEDIA","amount":261874.74,"date":"2022-11-25","description":"ADVERTISING","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MAGNUS PEARSON MEDIA","amount":250000,"date":"2024-09-09","description":"MEDIA PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON","total":5064383.5200000005,"count":29,"samples":[{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON","amount":839228.75,"date":"2004-05-20","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON","amount":493689,"date":"2004-06-03","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON","amount":468698.94,"date":"2004-05-24","description":"FUNDRAISING EXPENSES","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON, INC.","total":2773923.7600000002,"count":11,"samples":[{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON, INC.","amount":715755,"date":"2006-01-02","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON, INC.","amount":586732,"date":"2006-04-01","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL & PEARSON, INC.","amount":308192.64,"date":"2005-09-07","description":"DIRECT MAIL","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2006}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL PEARSON","total":844781.46,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL PEARSON","amount":617981.46,"date":"2004-09-20","description":"FREIGHT CHARGES","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004},{"payee":"O'BRIEN MCCONNELL PEARSON","amount":226800,"date":"2004-09-20","description":"FREIGHT CHARGES","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2004}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MAGNUS PEARSON","total":532689.9500000001,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"MAGNUS PEARSON","amount":276341.9,"date":"2022-11-01","description":"TV ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MAGNUS PEARSON","amount":109742.39,"date":"2022-06-21","description":"TV ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"MAGNUS PEARSON","amount":81605.66,"date":"2022-05-16","description":"TV ADVERTISING PRODUCTION","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"PEARSON & ASSOCIATES","total":509103.88,"count":6,"samples":[{"payee":"PEARSON & ASSOCIATES","amount":124868.96,"date":"2016-11-18","description":"FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PEARSON & ASSOCIATES","amount":86697.52,"date":"2015-10-02","description":"FUNDRAISING","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"PEARSON & ASSOCIATES","amount":82708.6,"date":"2022-02-28","description":"FUNDRAISING CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"pearson","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=MAGNUS%20PEARSON%20MEDIA"]},{"id":"P47_M000687_National_Association_of_Letter_118527","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Letter Carriers testified before House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Kweisi Mfume sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which on 2025-07-23 held a hearing titled \"“An Update on Mail Theft and Crime”\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations","eventId":"118527","title":"“An Update on Mail Theft and Crime”","date":"2025-07-23T18:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118527"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF USA POLITICAL FUND","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20USA%20POLITICAL%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118527","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20USA%20POLITICAL%20FUND"]},{"id":"P47_M000687_National_Association_of_Letter_118417","pattern_type":"P47_HEARING_WITNESS_DONOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"National Association of Letter Carriers testified before House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations — also a $2,500 donor","explanation":"Kweisi Mfume sits on House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations, which on 2025-06-24 held a hearing titled \"“The Route Forward for the U.S. Postal Service: A View from Stakeholders\"\". The witness Mr. Brian Renfroe (National Association of Letter Carriers) appears in this member's FEC donor list with $2,500 in contributions across 1 reported transaction. When a campaign donor receives the platform of testifying before the legislator they fund, the public-interest question is whether the witness selection survives an arm's-length test.","evidence":[{"source":"hearing","committee":"House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Government Operations","eventId":"118417","title":"“The Route Forward for the U.S. Postal Service: A View from Stakeholders\"","date":"2025-06-24T17:00:00Z","witnessName":"Mr. Brian Renfroe","witnessOrg":"National Association of Letter Carriers","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118417"},{"source":"donor","name":"NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LETTER CARRIERS OF USA POLITICAL FUND","total":2500,"count":1,"type":"POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","state":"DC","sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20USA%20POLITICAL%20FUND"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/committee-meeting/119th-congress/house/118417","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?recipient_name=NATIONAL%20ASSOCIATION%20OF%20LETTER%20CARRIERS%20OF%20USA%20POLITICAL%20FUND"]},{"id":"P61_M000687","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"13 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $90,100","explanation":"Kweisi Mfume received campaign contributions totaling $90,100 from 13 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 0 were exact-name matches, 13 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE ($11,000); UNITE HERE! ($10,000); AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY ($10,000); NORTHROP GRUMMAN ($9,500); INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAI ($8,000).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":13,"totalDollars":90100,"exactMatches":0,"top":[{"donorName":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE PAC","ldaClient":"AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE","donorTotal":11000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"UNITE HERE TIP CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"UNITE HERE!","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE","ldaClient":"AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY","donorTotal":10000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC","ldaClient":"NORTHROP GRUMMAN","donorTotal":9500,"exact":false},{"donorName":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS PAL","ldaClient":"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL & TRANSPORTATION WORKERS","donorTotal":8000,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P90_M000687","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kweisi Mfume's campaign paid $25,000 to 2 surname-matched vendors — top: MFUME FOR US SENATE ($20,000)","explanation":"Kweisi Mfume's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 5 payments totaling $25,000 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MFUME FOR US SENATE ($20,000 across 4 payments, services: 2006 RUNNING FOR US SENATE · PRIMARY DEBT 2006 CONTRIBUTION · PRIMARY 2006). Cycles covered: 2006.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":25000,"paymentCount":5,"payeeCount":2,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MFUME FOR US SENATE","total":20000,"count":4,"descriptions":["2006 RUNNING FOR US SENATE","PRIMARY DEBT 2006 CONTRIBUTION","PRIMARY 2006"]},{"payee":"MFUME FOR U.S. SENATE","total":5000,"count":1,"descriptions":["MD - U.S. SENATE"]}],"surname":"mfume"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H6MD07020&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P138_M000687","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kweisi Mfume draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.7M PAC / $7.2M total)","explanation":"Kweisi Mfume's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.7M of $7.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.16,"pacSharePct":51.1,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H6MD07020"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MD07020/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_M000687","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kweisi Mfume's PAC funding concentrates 33% in Technology ($0.03M / $0.10M classified)","explanation":"Kweisi Mfume's PAC donors concentrate 33% in the Technology industry — $0.03M of $0.10M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $0.03M · Labor $0.03M · Defense $0.01M · Agriculture $0.01M · Real Estate $0.01M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":0.03,"totalPacAmountM":0.1,"concentrationPct":33.4,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":0.03,"Labor":0.03,"Defense":0.01,"Agriculture":0.01,"Real Estate":0.01,"Legal":0.01}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MD07020/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]}],"M001219":[{"id":"P19_M001219_i3x5rf","pattern_type":"P19_FAMILY_VENDOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James (Jim) Moylan campaign paid $134,973 to 13 surname-matched vendors, top: FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN","explanation":"James (Jim) Moylan's campaign paid 26 disbursements totaling $134,973 to vendors whose names match the member's surname, a family member named in their bio, or a committee treasurer's surname. Can be legitimate (shared name, family firm) but warrants verification — particularly when the same vendor name recurs across multiple cycles.","evidence":[{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN","total":61100,"count":8,"samples":[{"payee":"FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN","amount":21100,"date":"2015-12-22","description":"CONTRIBUTION (IL STATE REP)","surnameMatched":"moylan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016},{"payee":"FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN","amount":15000,"date":"2012-08-03","description":"MARTY MOYLAN, STATE HOUSE 55TH IL - 2012 NON-FEDERAL/VOLUNTARY","surnameMatched":"moylan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2012},{"payee":"FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN","amount":10000,"date":"2015-09-02","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"moylan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2016}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"DI BELLO, LAURA","total":20000,"count":4,"samples":[{"payee":"DI BELLO, LAURA","amount":5000,"date":"2022-09-13","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DI BELLO, LAURA","amount":5000,"date":"2022-08-01","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022},{"payee":"DI BELLO, LAURA","amount":5000,"date":"2022-07-01","description":"STRATEGIC CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"bello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2022}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"MOYLAN, MICHAEL","total":15000,"count":3,"samples":[{"payee":"MOYLAN, MICHAEL","amount":5000,"date":"2018-05-03","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moylan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOYLAN, MICHAEL","amount":5000,"date":"2018-04-05","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moylan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018},{"payee":"MOYLAN, MICHAEL","amount":5000,"date":"2018-06-21","description":"FIELD CONSULTING","surnameMatched":"moylan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"BELLO, SHAKA","total":8122.42,"count":2,"samples":[{"payee":"BELLO, SHAKA","amount":5000,"date":"2020-02-24","description":"RELOCATION STIPEND","surnameMatched":"bello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020},{"payee":"BELLO, SHAKA","amount":3122.42,"date":"2020-01-31","description":"SALARY","surnameMatched":"bello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2020}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN FOR","total":7500,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN FOR","amount":7500,"date":"2017-12-11","description":"CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"moylan","isOwnSurname":true,"isTreasurerSurname":false,"confidence":"high","cycle":2018}]},{"source":"disbursement","recipient":"ADAM BELLO FOR COUNTY EXECUTIVE","total":5000,"count":1,"samples":[{"payee":"ADAM BELLO FOR COUNTY EXECUTIVE","amount":5000,"date":"2023-09-29","description":"NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION","surnameMatched":"bello","isOwnSurname":false,"isTreasurerSurname":true,"confidence":"high","cycle":2024}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=&recipient_name=FRIENDS%20FOR%20MARTY%20MOYLAN"]},{"id":"P90_M001219","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James (Jim) Moylan's campaign paid $147,600 to 4 surname-matched vendors — top: MOYLAN, JAMES ($74,000)","explanation":"James (Jim) Moylan's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 18 payments totaling $147,600 to vendors sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: MOYLAN, JAMES ($74,000 across 10 payments, services: 9/14 & 10/15 NON-FED GOTV CONSULTING SERVICES · 5/19/15 NON-FED PRIMARY GOTV CONSULTING SERVICES · 12/15 & 1/16 NON-FED CONSULTING). Cycles covered: 2014, 2016, 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":147600,"paymentCount":18,"payeeCount":4,"topPayees":[{"payee":"MOYLAN, JAMES","total":74000,"count":10,"descriptions":["9/14 & 10/15 NON-FED GOTV CONSULTING SERVICES","5/19/15 NON-FED PRIMARY GOTV CONSULTING SERVICES","12/15 & 1/16 NON-FED CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN","total":51100,"count":4,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION (IL STATE REP)","MARTY MOYLAN, STATE HOUSE 55TH IL - 2012 NON-FEDERAL/VOLUNTARY","CONTRIBUTION"]},{"payee":"MOYLAN, MICHAEL","total":15000,"count":3,"descriptions":["FIELD CONSULTING"]},{"payee":"FRIENDS FOR MARTY MOYLAN FOR","total":7500,"count":1,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"moylan"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=H2GU01031&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]}],"P000096":[{"id":"P20_P000096_yoyn5k","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Traded 2 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"Bill Pascrell sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense, Technology, Telecom, Transportation and traded 2 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"GE","date":"2019-12-30","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":3321853.0300000003,"agencies":["Department of Transportation"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2019-08-27","action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_P000096_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PASCRELL, William J., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1078,"date":"2024-07-23","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bills (H.R. 8997) Energy and Water Developmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1074,"date":"2024-07-22","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To designate the outpatient clinic of the Department of Veterans Affairs in Wyan"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1073,"date":"2024-07-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1072,"date":"2024-07-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United State"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1070,"date":"2024-07-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2025"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_P000096","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Pascrell ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.9M across 30 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Bill Pascrell's FEC-bulk record shows $20.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 30 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $44.4M (PAC: $20.9M, individual: $22.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":44.45,"lifetimeIndividualM":22.73,"cycleCount":30,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6NJ08118"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NJ08118/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_P000096","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Pascrell draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($20.9M PAC / $44.4M total)","explanation":"Bill Pascrell's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($20.9M of $44.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":20.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":44.45,"pacSharePct":47,"cycleCount":30,"fecId":"H6NJ08118"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NJ08118/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_P000096_CampusFireSafetyEduc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Pascrell sponsored \"Campus Fire Safety Education Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Bill Pascrell has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Campus Fire Safety Education Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_P000096","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Pascrell — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Bill Pascrell has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000096","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-pascrell/P000096"]}],"O000169":[{"id":"P20_O000169_e1p3t9","pattern_type":"P20_CONTRACT_COMMITTEE_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Traded 3 federal-contractor tickers regulated by own committee","explanation":"William L. Owens sits on committees overseeing Finance, Healthcare, Defense and traded 3 tickers receiving federal contracts from agencies under that committee's jurisdiction.","evidence":[{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"AVA","date":"2014-09-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":148626,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"SYY","date":"2014-09-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":560104,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]},{"source":"contract_trade","ticker":"JNJ","date":"2014-09-08","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","contractTotal":91338.14,"agencies":["Department of Health and Human Services"]}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_O000169_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"OWENS, William voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":7,"peerNay":7,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":10,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1155,"date":"2014-11-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":12,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5682) to approve the Keystone XL P"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P65_O000169_2014-09-08","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"26 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2014-09-08 — 25 unique tickers","explanation":"William L. Owens executed 26 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2014-09-08 to 2014-09-08), spanning 25 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2014-09-08","windowEnd":"2014-09-08","tradeCount":26,"uniqueTickers":25,"totalDisclosedTrades":52,"sampleTickers":["INTC","HBAYF","SO","SPGYF","JLL","BNEFF","BNS","TWC","AVA","UFI"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_O000169","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"William L. Owens draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.5M PAC / $11.6M total)","explanation":"William L. Owens's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.5M of $11.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.58,"pacSharePct":47.1,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H0NY23081"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY23081/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_O000169","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William L. Owens executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL NFLX (12d apart)","explanation":"William L. Owens has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL NFLX 2014-07-09 → 2014-07-21 (12d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"NFLX","days":12,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-07-09","date2":"2014-07-21","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_O000169_2014-09-08","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William L. Owens — 26 trades on 2014-09-08","explanation":"William L. Owens disclosed 26 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2014-09-08). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2014-09-08","count":26}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_O000169","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William L. Owens — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (52/52)","explanation":"William L. Owens's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":52,"atBracket":52,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_O000169_WaronDebtActof2010","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William L. Owens sponsored \"War on Debt Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"William L. Owens has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"War on Debt Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000581":[{"id":"P21_L000581_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 450d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (8 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":9,"avgGap":450,"buys":8,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":14,"avgGap":439}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_L000581","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 12.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 22 disclosed trades, 18 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 12.7× the median House member's rate (6%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":18,"total":22,"rate":81.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"House","median":6.4,"ratio":12.71}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_L000581","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brenda L. Lawrence draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.6M PAC / $8.4M total)","explanation":"Brenda L. Lawrence's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.6M of $8.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.6,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.35,"pacSharePct":55.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2MI14111"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MI14111/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000352":[{"id":"P21_K000352_Technology","pattern_type":"P21_NET_BUY_DELAYED_DISCLOSURE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Technology BUYs filed 93d late on avg — member is net-long in this sector","explanation":"As a net buyer in Technology (3 buys vs 1 sells), delayed disclosures skew public visibility — the market sees purchases after prices have had time to move.","evidence":[{"source":"trades","sector":"Technology","count":4,"avgGap":93,"buys":3,"sells":1},{"source":"trades","sector":"ALL","count":5,"avgGap":86}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P32_K000352","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"82% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 11.9× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 11 disclosed trades, 9 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 11.9× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":9,"total":11,"rate":81.8},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":11.92}],"citations":[]}],"S000480":[{"id":"P23_S000480_1yv","pattern_type":"P23_TICKER_CONCENTRATION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"17 trades in PG (Other) — 100% of this member's 17 total trades","explanation":"Louise McIntosh Slaughter has traded a small number of tickers very heavily. Concentration in one name usually indicates a managed position (not passive index exposure) — worth checking whether the underlying company is in a sector this member has committee power over.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_concentration","ticker":"PG","count":17,"buys":17,"sells":0,"sector":"Other","firstDate":"2014-02-18","lastDate":"2018-02-13"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S000480","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Louise McIntosh Slaughter draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.1M PAC / $26.9M total)","explanation":"Louise McIntosh Slaughter's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.1M of $26.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.06,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.91,"pacSharePct":52.3,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H6NY03031"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY03031/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_S000480_PreservationofAntibi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Louise McIntosh Slaughter sponsored \"Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 200\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Louise McIntosh Slaughter has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P191_S000480_PG","pattern_type":"P191_REPEAT_TICKER_ACTIVE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Louise McIntosh Slaughter — 17 disclosed trades in single ticker PG","explanation":"Louise McIntosh Slaughter traded PG on 17 separate disclosed transactions. Repeat trading of the same ticker indicates active position management rather than passive holding — every transaction creates a fresh timing-vs-event signal. Audit the PG trade dates against the member's committee work, public news for that company, and any legislation affecting its industry.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_ticker_active","ticker":"PG","count":17}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"V000081":[{"id":"P25_V000081_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of PAC dollars ($61,846,077,349) come from Party industry","explanation":"Nydia Velázquez receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":61846077349.12309,"share":70.4,"totalPAC":87832850048.23296,"pacCount":100},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":61846077349.12309,"share":70.4},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":16937569874.729866,"share":19.3},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":4850758495.48,"share":5.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":2896569869.4400005,"share":3.3}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_V000081","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"35 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $2,113,454,082.5","explanation":"Nydia Velázquez received campaign contributions totaling $2,113,454,082.5 from 35 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 13 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($342,021,800.92); AMALGAMATED BANK ($199,741,965.02); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($169,500,002.62); LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC. ($114,482,297.62); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($107,030,990.1).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":35,"totalDollars":2113454082.5000002,"exactMatches":13,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":342021800.92,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":199741965.02,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":169500002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","ldaClient":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","donorTotal":114482297.62,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":107030990.10000005,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P138_V000081","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nydia Velázquez draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.9M PAC / $22.8M total)","explanation":"Nydia Velázquez's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.9M of $22.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.91,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.83,"pacSharePct":56.6,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H2NY00010"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY00010/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P148_V000081","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nydia Velázquez's PAC funding concentrates 98% in Technology ($16538.89M / $16918.97M classified)","explanation":"Nydia Velázquez's PAC donors concentrate 98% in the Technology industry — $16538.89M of $16918.97M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $16538.89M · Finance $358.05M · Labor $22.03M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":16538.89,"totalPacAmountM":16918.97,"concentrationPct":97.8,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":16538.89,"Finance":358.05,"Labor":22.03}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P158_V000081","pattern_type":"P158_COSPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Nydia Velázquez ranks top-decile for lifetime cosponsored bills: 5,657 cosponsored, 500 sponsored","explanation":"Nydia Velázquez's congress.gov record shows 5,657 bills cosponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile (90th-percentile threshold: 4,576). While sponsored counts measure original-author legislative output, cosponsorship counts measure coalition-building and signal-sending — adding one's name to colleagues' bills. Top-decile cosponsors are network nodes for legislative signaling: they are the senators most relied upon to anchor progressive / conservative policy coalitions across topics. Their cosponsorship pattern reveals the policy-coalition graph of the chamber, and journalists can trace which industry-affiliated bills attract their signature most readily.","evidence":[{"source":"cosponsored_bills_top_decile","cosponsoredCount":5657,"sponsoredCount":500,"p90Threshold":4576}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/nydia-m.-velázquez/V000081","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]}],"W000808":[{"id":"P25_W000808_Party","pattern_type":"P25_PAC_INDUSTRY_MONOPOLY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"70% of PAC dollars ($71,715,862,178) come from Party industry","explanation":"Frederica Wilson receives the majority of PAC contributions from a single industry. Single-industry PAC dominance creates a structural incentive for the member to legislate in that industry's favor — look for votes and co-sponsorships tied to Party issues.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_concentration","industry":"Party","amount":71715862177.93544,"share":70.5,"totalPAC":101726561555.78505,"pacCount":100},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Party","amount":71715862177.93544,"share":70.5},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Technology","amount":24223827752.329605,"share":23.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Corporate","amount":2823087338.930001,"share":2.8},{"source":"pac_industry","industry":"Ideological","amount":1706263551.83,"share":1.7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P29_W000808_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WILSON, Frederica voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":393,"date":"2026-01-20","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"AI for Main Street Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":378,"date":"2026-01-13","sector":"Labor","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Flexibility for Workers Education Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":373,"date":"2026-01-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Remote Access Security Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P61_W000808","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"34 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $2,050,114,148.36","explanation":"Frederica Wilson received campaign contributions totaling $2,050,114,148.36 from 34 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 12 were exact-name matches, 22 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($341,640,469.01); AMALGAMATED BANK ($190,351,495.69); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($169,500,002.62); LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC. ($113,300,000); UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AM ($102,346,560.32).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":34,"totalDollars":2050114148.36,"exactMatches":12,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":341640469.01,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":190351495.69,"exact":true},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":169500002.62,"exact":false},{"donorName":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","ldaClient":"LEAGUE OF CONSERVATION VOTERS, INC.","donorTotal":113300000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS","ldaClient":"UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA","donorTotal":102346560.32000005,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_W000808","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Frederica Wilson's PAC funding concentrates 98% in Technology ($23826.36M / $24189.46M classified)","explanation":"Frederica Wilson's PAC donors concentrate 98% in the Technology industry — $23826.36M of $24189.46M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Technology $23826.36M · Finance $344.17M · Labor $18.93M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Technology","topAmountM":23826.36,"totalPacAmountM":24189.46,"concentrationPct":98.5,"industryBreakdown":{"Technology":23826.36,"Finance":344.17,"Labor":18.93}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P195_W000808","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frederica Wilson — DW-NOMINATE -0.48 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Frederica Wilson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.48) is 1.7 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.476,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.66"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"SYSTEM_GLOBAL":[{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_mfs9rg","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 PACs registered at 555 CAPITOL MALL SUITE 1425, SACRAMENTO — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"3 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: ALAMEDANS UNITED SUPPORTING VELLA AND ASHCRAFT FOR CITY COUNCIL, ET AL; OPPORTUNITY PAC - A COALITION OF TEACHERS HEALTH CARE GIVERS FACULTY MEMBERS SCHOOL EMPLOYEES AND PUBLIC AND PR; PLANNED PARENTHOOD ADVOCACY PROJECT LOS ANGELES COUNTY","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90016569","name":"ALAMEDANS UNITED SUPPORTING VELLA AND ASHCRAFT FOR CITY COUNCIL, ET AL","treasurer":null,"address":"555 CAPITOL MALL SUITE 1425, SACRAMENTO, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90016841","name":"OPPORTUNITY PAC - A COALITION OF TEACHERS HEALTH CARE GIVERS FACULTY MEMBERS SCHOOL EMPLOYEES AND PUBLIC AND PR","treasurer":null,"address":"555 CAPITOL MALL SUITE 1425, SACRAMENTO, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90006149","name":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD ADVOCACY PROJECT LOS ANGELES COUNTY","treasurer":null,"address":"555 CAPITOL MALL SUITE 1425, SACRAMENTO, CA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016569/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016841/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90006149/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_iukdq6","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 PACs registered at 700 13TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"3 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: AMERICAN CENTER; AMERICA WORKING TOGETHER; HOUSE MAJORITY FORWARD","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90019639","name":"AMERICAN CENTER","treasurer":null,"address":"700 13TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90016932","name":"AMERICA WORKING TOGETHER","treasurer":null,"address":"700 13TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90018763","name":"HOUSE MAJORITY FORWARD","treasurer":null,"address":"700 13TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90019639/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016932/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018763/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_q219ps","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 PACs registered at 700 13TH STREET NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"3 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: BLACK ECONOMIC ALLIANCE FUND; DUTY AND HONOR; MAJORITY FORWARD","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90018441","name":"BLACK ECONOMIC ALLIANCE FUND","treasurer":null,"address":"700 13TH STREET NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90017708","name":"DUTY AND HONOR","treasurer":null,"address":"700 13TH STREET NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90016098","name":"MAJORITY FORWARD","treasurer":null,"address":"700 13TH STREET NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018441/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90017708/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016098/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_jthvzn","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 PACs registered at 545 E TOWN ST, COLUMBUS — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"4 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: BLACK OHIO LEADERS FOR DEMOCRACY; COALITION OF BLACK TRADE UNIONISTS; OHIO LEGISLATIVE BLACK CAUCUS ACTION FUND; REAL PROGRESS","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90021668","name":"BLACK OHIO LEADERS FOR DEMOCRACY","treasurer":null,"address":"545 E TOWN ST, COLUMBUS, OH"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90016528","name":"COALITION OF BLACK TRADE UNIONISTS","treasurer":null,"address":"545 E TOWN ST, COLUMBUS, OH"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90012857","name":"OHIO LEGISLATIVE BLACK CAUCUS ACTION FUND","treasurer":null,"address":"545 E TOWN ST, COLUMBUS, OH"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90019241","name":"REAL PROGRESS","treasurer":null,"address":"545 E TOWN ST, COLUMBUS, OH"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021668/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016528/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90012857/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90019241/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_knqhmp","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"5 PACs registered at 1032 15TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"5 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: BLUE HORIZON; CAMPAIGN FOR A FAMILY FRIENDLY ECONOMY; MODSQUAD ACTION; OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL ACTION FUND; SOMOS VOTANTES","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90022237","name":"BLUE HORIZON","treasurer":null,"address":"1032 15TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90022633","name":"CAMPAIGN FOR A FAMILY FRIENDLY ECONOMY","treasurer":null,"address":"1032 15TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90023284","name":"MODSQUAD ACTION","treasurer":null,"address":"1032 15TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90021353","name":"OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL ACTION FUND","treasurer":null,"address":"1032 15TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90021718","name":"SOMOS VOTANTES","treasurer":null,"address":"1032 15TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90022237/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90022633/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90023284/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021353/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021718/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_4if5ua","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"4 PACs registered at 5429 MADISON AVENUE, SACRAMENTO — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"4 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: COMMUNITIES FOR A NEW CALIFORNIA C4; COMMUNITIES FOR A NEW CALIFORNIA-FRESNO-TULARE COMMITTEE; SANDRE SWANSON FOR ASSEMBLY 2010; SHARON QUIRK-SILVA FOR ASSEMBLY 2016","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90018573","name":"COMMUNITIES FOR A NEW CALIFORNIA C4","treasurer":null,"address":"5429 MADISON AVENUE, SACRAMENTO, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90014259","name":"COMMUNITIES FOR A NEW CALIFORNIA-FRESNO-TULARE COMMITTEE","treasurer":null,"address":"5429 MADISON AVENUE, SACRAMENTO, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90012618","name":"SANDRE SWANSON FOR ASSEMBLY 2010","treasurer":null,"address":"5429 MADISON AVENUE, SACRAMENTO, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90016304","name":"SHARON QUIRK-SILVA FOR ASSEMBLY 2016","treasurer":null,"address":"5429 MADISON AVENUE, SACRAMENTO, CA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018573/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90014259/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90012618/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90016304/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_6oahf6","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 PACs registered at 1787 TRIBUTE ROAD SUITE K, SACRAMENTO — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"3 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: DEMOCRATIC CLUB OF VENTURA; MUELLER FOR SENATE 2024; SAFETY FOR ALL YES ON PROP. 63 NEWSOM BALLOT MEASURE COMMITTEE","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90021072","name":"DEMOCRATIC CLUB OF VENTURA","treasurer":null,"address":"1787 TRIBUTE ROAD SUITE K, SACRAMENTO, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90021254","name":"MUELLER FOR SENATE 2024","treasurer":null,"address":"1787 TRIBUTE ROAD SUITE K, SACRAMENTO, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90017062","name":"SAFETY FOR ALL YES ON PROP. 63 NEWSOM BALLOT MEASURE COMMITTEE","treasurer":null,"address":"1787 TRIBUTE ROAD SUITE K, SACRAMENTO, CA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90021254/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90017062/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_ub4nqb","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 PACs registered at 1201 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"3 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: FLORIDIANS FOR A FAIR SHAKE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND; OHIOANS FOR ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND; SOCAL HEALTH CARE COALITION A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90017922","name":"FLORIDIANS FOR A FAIR SHAKE A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","treasurer":null,"address":"1201 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90018110","name":"OHIOANS FOR ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","treasurer":null,"address":"1201 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90018102","name":"SOCAL HEALTH CARE COALITION A PROJECT OF SIXTEEN THIRTY FUND","treasurer":null,"address":"1201 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90017922/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018110/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90018102/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_zfnl2k","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 PACs registered at 518 GARDEN STREET, SANTA BARBARA — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"3 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND OF SANT; PLANNED PARENTHOOD CENTRAL COAST ACTION FUND; THE PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND OF","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90005513","name":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND OF SANT","treasurer":null,"address":"518 GARDEN STREET, SANTA BARBARA, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90017054","name":"PLANNED PARENTHOOD CENTRAL COAST ACTION FUND","treasurer":null,"address":"518 GARDEN STREET, SANTA BARBARA, CA"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90006701","name":"THE PLANNED PARENTHOOD ACTION FUND OF","treasurer":null,"address":"518 GARDEN STREET, SANTA BARBARA, CA"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90005513/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90017054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90006701/"]},{"id":"P28_SYSTEM_GLOBAL_komw9p","pattern_type":"P28_SHARED_ADDRESS_PAC_NETWORK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"3 PACs registered at PO BOX 2259, WILMINGTON — possible shell-committee cluster","explanation":"3 separate FEC-registered committees share the same street address. Shared-address PAC clusters are a documented shell-committee tell — one treasurer can register a string of \"independent\" committees that funnel money through a single office. Cluster: RIGHTCHANGE.COM II INC. (C4 ORGANIZATION); RIGHTCHANGE.COM, INC; RIGHTCHANGE.COM INC (527 POLITICAL ORG)","evidence":[{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90014283","name":"RIGHTCHANGE.COM II INC. (C4 ORGANIZATION)","treasurer":null,"address":"PO BOX 2259, WILMINGTON, NC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90011248","name":"RIGHTCHANGE.COM, INC","treasurer":null,"address":"PO BOX 2259, WILMINGTON, NC"},{"source":"form1_address","cmteId":"C90011792","name":"RIGHTCHANGE.COM INC (527 POLITICAL ORG)","treasurer":null,"address":"PO BOX 2259, WILMINGTON, NC"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90014283/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011248/","https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C90011792/"]}],"G000600":[{"id":"P29_G000600_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with WA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PEREZ, Marie Gluesenkamp voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":402,"date":"2026-01-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":7,"description":"Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":361,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":7,"description":"Do No Harm in Medicaid Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":359,"date":"2025-12-18","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":7,"description":"Pet and Livestock Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P109_G000600","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marie Gluesenkamp Perez named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($1.2M total receipts) — top: MARIE GLUESENKAMP PEREZ VICTORY FUND","explanation":"Marie Gluesenkamp Perez appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $1.2M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: MARIE GLUESENKAMP PEREZ VICTORY FUND (C00822759, $1.2M receipts, treasurer OLSEN, JOSIE). Active years: 3, first seen 2022.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":1.24,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00822759","name":"MARIE GLUESENKAMP PEREZ VICTORY FUND","receipts":1238031.8599999999,"treasurer":"OLSEN, JOSIE","activeYears":3,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00822759/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00822759/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00822759/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P174_G000600","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marie Gluesenkamp Perez has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Marie Gluesenkamp Perez triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000600"]}],"R000576":[{"id":"P29_R000576_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RUPPERSBERGER, C. A. (Dutch) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000576","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.6M PAC / $25.2M total)","explanation":"C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.6M of $25.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.59,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.25,"pacSharePct":53.8,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H2MD02160"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MD02160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_R000576_DigitalCoastActof201","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger sponsored \"Digital Coast Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Digital Coast Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_R000576","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000576","https://www.congress.gov/member/c.-a.-dutch-ruppersberger/R000576"]}],"M001159":[{"id":"P29_M001159_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McMORRIS RODGERS, Cathy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M001159","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cathy McMorris Rodgers has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Cathy McMorris Rodgers triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001159"]}],"S001168":[{"id":"P29_S001168_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SARBANES, John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1228,"date":"2024-12-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Never Again Education Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S001168","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John P. Sarbanes has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John P. Sarbanes triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001168"]}],"P000599":[{"id":"P29_P000599_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"POSEY, Bill voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":9,"peerNay":9,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":14,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_P000599","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Posey draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.0M PAC / $17.1M total)","explanation":"Bill Posey's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.0M of $17.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.15,"pacSharePct":41,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H8FL15107"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8FL15107/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_P000599","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Posey has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bill Posey triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000599"]},{"id":"P198_P000599","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Posey — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Bill Posey has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000599","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-posey/P000599"]}],"C001097":[{"id":"P29_C001097_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CÁRDENAS, Tony voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":12,"peerNay":12,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":7,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_C001097","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tony Cárdenas draws 61% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.7M PAC / $17.5M total)","explanation":"Tony Cárdenas's FEC-bulk record shows 61% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.7M of $17.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.74,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.54,"pacSharePct":61.2,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H2CA28113"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA28113/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000381":[{"id":"P29_K000381_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with WA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KILMER, Derek voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_K000381","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Derek Kilmer draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.7M PAC / $29.2M total)","explanation":"Derek Kilmer's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.7M of $29.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.17,"pacSharePct":47,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H2WA06129"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2WA06129/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_K000381","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Derek Kilmer — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Derek Kilmer has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000381","https://www.congress.gov/member/derek-kilmer/K000381"]}],"K000380":[{"id":"P29_K000380_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KILDEE, Dan voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_K000380","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Daniel T. Kildee draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.7M PAC / $25.3M total)","explanation":"Daniel T. Kildee's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.7M of $25.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.31,"pacSharePct":54,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2MI05119"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MI05119/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_K000380","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel T. Kildee — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Daniel T. Kildee has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000380","https://www.congress.gov/member/daniel-t.-kildee/K000380"]}],"N000194":[{"id":"P29_N000194_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NICKEL, Wiley voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_N000194","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wiley Nickel has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Wiley Nickel triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/N000194"]}],"W000828":[{"id":"P29_W000828_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WILLIAMS, Brandon voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":5,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":6,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000828","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brandon Williams has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Brandon Williams triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000828"]}],"E000215":[{"id":"P29_E000215_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ESHOO, Anna Georges voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":12,"peerNay":12,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":7,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_E000215","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Anna G. Eshoo ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.5M across 38 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Anna G. Eshoo's FEC-bulk record shows $19.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 38 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $42.0M (PAC: $19.5M, individual: $21.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.49,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.96,"lifetimeIndividualM":21.84,"cycleCount":38,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8CA12098"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA12098/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_E000215","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Anna G. Eshoo draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.5M PAC / $42.0M total)","explanation":"Anna G. Eshoo's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.5M of $42.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.49,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.96,"pacSharePct":46.5,"cycleCount":38,"fecId":"H8CA12098"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA12098/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_E000215","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Anna G. Eshoo — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Anna G. Eshoo has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000215","https://www.congress.gov/member/anna-g.-eshoo/E000215"]}],"J000032":[{"id":"P29_J000032_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JACKSON LEE, Sheila voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1065,"date":"2024-07-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Finding that Merrick Garland, Attorney General of the United States, is in conte"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1064,"date":"2024-07-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Finding that Merrick Garland, Attorney General of the United States, is in conte"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1057,"date":"2024-07-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bills H.R. 8281, Safeguard American Voter Eli"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1052,"date":"2024-06-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of State, foreign operations, and relat"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1050,"date":"2024-06-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2025"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_J000032","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.4M PAC / $19.4M total)","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.4M of $19.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.43,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.36,"pacSharePct":38.4,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H4TX18054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX18054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_J000032","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000032"]},{"id":"P181_J000032","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee — 137 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored 137 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":137}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_NoMoreTuliasDrugLawE","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"No More Tulias: Drug Law Enforcement Evidentiary Standards I\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"No More Tulias: Drug Law Enforcement Evidentiary Standards Improvement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_InfantProtectionandB","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"Infant Protection and Baby Switching Prevention Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Infant Protection and Baby Switching Prevention Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_TrafficStopsAlongthe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"Traffic Stops Along the Border Statistics Study Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Traffic Stops Along the Border Statistics Study Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_FederalPrisonBureauN","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"Federal Prison Bureau Nonviolent Offender Relief Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Federal Prison Bureau Nonviolent Offender Relief Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_CybersecurityEducati","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"Cybersecurity Education Enhancement Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Cybersecurity Education Enhancement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_ChemicalFacilitySecu","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"Chemical Facility Security Improvement Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Chemical Facility Security Improvement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_ChildGunSafetyandGun","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"Child Gun Safety and Gun Access Prevention Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Child Gun Safety and Gun Access Prevention Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_BorderSecurityCooper","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"Border Security, Cooperation, and Act Now Drug War Preventio\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Border Security, Cooperation, and Act Now Drug War Prevention Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_Todesignatethefacili","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"To designate the facility of the United States Postal Servic\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1900 West Gray Street in Houston, Texas, as the \"Hazel Hainsworth Young Post Office Building\"."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_Todesignatethefacili","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"To designate the facility of the United States Postal Servic\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4110 Almeda Road in Houston, Texas, as the \"George Thomas 'Mickey' Leland Post Office Building\"."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000032_FAMSAugmentationActo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sheila Jackson Lee sponsored \"FAMS Augmentation Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sheila Jackson Lee has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"FAMS Augmentation Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000377":[{"id":"P29_G000377_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GRANGER, Kay voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":5,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":3,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_G000377","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kay Granger ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.9M across 31 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Kay Granger's FEC-bulk record shows $17.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 31 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $42.7M (PAC: $17.9M, individual: $23.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.92,"lifetimeReceiptsM":42.65,"lifetimeIndividualM":23.72,"cycleCount":31,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6TX12060"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX12060/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_G000377","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kay Granger draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.9M PAC / $42.7M total)","explanation":"Kay Granger's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.9M of $42.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.92,"lifetimeReceiptsM":42.65,"pacSharePct":42,"cycleCount":31,"fecId":"H6TX12060"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX12060/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000377","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kay Granger has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Kay Granger triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000377"]}],"N000179":[{"id":"P29_N000179_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NAPOLITANO, Grace Flores voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":11,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":7,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_N000179","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Grace F. Napolitano draws 67% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.7M PAC / $11.6M total)","explanation":"Grace F. Napolitano's FEC-bulk record shows 67% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.7M of $11.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.75,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.62,"pacSharePct":66.7,"cycleCount":29,"fecId":"H8CA34068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA34068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_N000179_MentalHealthinSchool","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Grace F. Napolitano sponsored \"Mental Health in Schools Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Grace F. Napolitano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Mental Health in Schools Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_N000179","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Grace F. Napolitano — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Grace F. Napolitano has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000179","https://www.congress.gov/member/grace-f.-napolitano/N000179"]}],"P000604":[{"id":"P29_P000604_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PAYNE, Donald, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":868,"date":"2024-04-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Ukraine Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":864,"date":"2024-04-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Indo-Pacific Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":861,"date":"2024-04-20","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"End the Border Catastrophe Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":860,"date":"2024-04-19","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bills (H.R. 8034) Israel Security Supplementa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":851,"date":"2024-04-16","sector":"Labor","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Urging the European Union to expeditiously designate the Islamic Revolutionary G"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_P000604","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald M. Payne draws 65% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.1M PAC / $9.3M total)","explanation":"Donald M. Payne's FEC-bulk record shows 65% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.1M of $9.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.31,"pacSharePct":65.4,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2NJ10154"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NJ10154/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_P000604","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald M. Payne — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Donald M. Payne has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000604","https://www.congress.gov/member/donald-m.-payne/P000604"]}],"L000604":[{"id":"P29_L000604_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LOPEZ, Greg voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Urging the Government of Ukraine to review and modify its decision to suspend ad"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000604","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Lopez has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Greg Lopez triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000604"]},{"id":"P195_L000604","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Lopez — DW-NOMINATE 0.89 vs CO delegation mean 0.17 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Greg Lopez's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.89) is 1.7 standard deviations from the CO delegation mean (0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CO","memberScore":0.894,"delegationMean":0.1652702702702703,"zscore":"1.66"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"L000605":[{"id":"P29_L000605_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEE CARTER, Erica voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Improving Federal Building Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2024-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2024-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1449) the CLEAN Act; and providing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_L000605","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Erica Lee Carter draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.4M PAC / $19.4M total)","explanation":"Erica Lee Carter's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.4M of $19.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.43,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.36,"pacSharePct":38.4,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H4TX18054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX18054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000605","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Erica Lee Carter has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Erica Lee Carter triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000605"]}],"R000053":[{"id":"P29_R000053_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RANGEL, Charles B. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":6,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_R000053","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles B. Rangel ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $23.8M across 39 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Charles B. Rangel's FEC-bulk record shows $23.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 39 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $50.7M (PAC: $23.8M, individual: $22.4M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":23.79,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.72,"lifetimeIndividualM":22.35,"cycleCount":39,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6NY19029"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY19029/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_R000053","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles B. Rangel draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($23.8M PAC / $50.7M total)","explanation":"Charles B. Rangel's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($23.8M of $50.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":23.79,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.72,"pacSharePct":46.9,"cycleCount":39,"fecId":"H6NY19029"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY19029/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_R000053","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles B. Rangel — 83 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Charles B. Rangel sponsored 83 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":83}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000053_ShirleyChisholmCongr","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles B. Rangel sponsored \"Shirley Chisholm Congressional Gold Medal Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Charles B. Rangel has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Shirley Chisholm Congressional Gold Medal Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000053_FreeTradeWithCubaAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles B. Rangel sponsored \"Free Trade With Cuba Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Charles B. Rangel has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Free Trade With Cuba Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000053_ExportFreedomtoCubaA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles B. Rangel sponsored \"Export Freedom to Cuba Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Charles B. Rangel has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Export Freedom to Cuba Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000053_PromotingAmericanAgr","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles B. Rangel sponsored \"Promoting American Agricultural and Medical Exports to Cuba \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Charles B. Rangel has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Promoting American Agricultural and Medical Exports to Cuba Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000053_UniversalNationalSer","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles B. Rangel sponsored \"Universal National Service Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Charles B. Rangel has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Universal National Service Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M000725":[{"id":"P29_M000725_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MILLER, George voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":21,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":19,"peerNay":5,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":12,"peerNay":12,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2014-12-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint coins in commemoration of the c"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M000725","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"George Miller draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.6M PAC / $17.9M total)","explanation":"George Miller's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.6M of $17.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.59,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.91,"pacSharePct":53.6,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H6CA07043"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA07043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_M000725_WorkerProtectionAgai","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Miller sponsored \"Worker Protection Against Combustible Dust Explosions and Fi\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"George Miller has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Worker Protection Against Combustible Dust Explosions and Fires Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000725_StopChildAbuseinResi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Miller sponsored \"Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Teens Act of 20\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"George Miller has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Teens Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000725_KeepingAllStudentsSa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Miller sponsored \"Keeping All Students Safe Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"George Miller has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Keeping All Students Safe Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000725_GreatApeConservation","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Miller sponsored \"Great Ape Conservation Reauthorization Amendments Act of 201\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"George Miller has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Great Ape Conservation Reauthorization Amendments Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"W000215":[{"id":"P29_W000215_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WAXMAN, Henry Arnold voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":12,"peerNay":12,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":5,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":2,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_W000215","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Henry A. Waxman draws 62% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.7M PAC / $20.6M total)","explanation":"Henry A. Waxman's FEC-bulk record shows 62% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.7M of $20.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.75,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.56,"pacSharePct":62,"cycleCount":42,"fecId":"H6CA24048"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA24048/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_W000215_ForthereliefofAllanB","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Henry A. Waxman sponsored \"For the relief of Allan Bolor Kelley.\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Henry A. Waxman has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Allan Bolor Kelley."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C000556":[{"id":"P29_C000556_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COBLE, Howard voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000556","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard Coble has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Howard Coble triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000556"]}],"L000287":[{"id":"P29_L000287_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEWIS, John R. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2015, and for ot"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_L000287","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Lewis draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.1M PAC / $35.5M total)","explanation":"John Lewis's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.1M of $35.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.54,"pacSharePct":42.5,"cycleCount":39,"fecId":"H6GA05217"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6GA05217/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000287","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Lewis has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John Lewis triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000287"]},{"id":"P181_L000287","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Lewis — 90 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"John Lewis sponsored 90 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":90}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000287_GandhiKingScholarlyE","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Lewis sponsored \"Gandhi-King Scholarly Exchange Initiative Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John Lewis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Gandhi-King Scholarly Exchange Initiative Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_L000287","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Lewis — DW-NOMINATE -0.59 vs GA delegation mean 0.21 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"John Lewis's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.59) is 1.8 standard deviations from the GA delegation mean (0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"GA","memberScore":-0.589,"delegationMean":0.20903703703703705,"zscore":"1.78"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P198_L000287","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Lewis — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"John Lewis has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":116}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000287","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-lewis/L000287"]}],"D000533":[{"id":"P29_D000533_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DUNCAN, John J., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_D000533","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Duncan (left 2019) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.01M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"John J. Duncan left Congress in 2019 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $010000.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: THE LIVINGSTON GROUP (ON BEHALF OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE).","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2019,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"010000.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["THE LIVINGSTON GROUP (ON BEHALF OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE)"],"sampleFirms":["JOHN DUNCAN AND ASSOCIATES, LLC"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=John%20J.%20Duncan"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=John%20J.%20Duncan","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_D000533","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John J. Duncan draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.8M PAC / $15.3M total)","explanation":"John J. Duncan's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.8M of $15.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.78,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.25,"pacSharePct":57.6,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H8TN02069"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TN02069/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_D000533_FreedomfromGovernmen","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John J. Duncan sponsored \"Freedom from Government Competition Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John J. Duncan has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Freedom from Government Competition Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"R000409":[{"id":"P29_R000409_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROHRABACHER, Dana voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":4,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":7,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":5,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":5,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":2,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000409","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dana Rohrabacher has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dana Rohrabacher triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000409"]},{"id":"P182_R000409_DistrictofColumbiaVo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dana Rohrabacher sponsored \"District of Columbia Voting Rights Restoration Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Dana Rohrabacher has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"District of Columbia Voting Rights Restoration Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_R000409","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dana Rohrabacher — DW-NOMINATE 0.63 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Dana Rohrabacher's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.63) is 1.8 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.626,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.77"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"R000435":[{"id":"P29_R000435_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROS-LEHTINEN, Ileana voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":9,"peerNay":9,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":0,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000435","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000435"]},{"id":"P181_R000435","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen — 128 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen sponsored 128 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":128}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000435_ChildInterstateAbort","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen sponsored \"Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000435_NorthKoreaSanctionsa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen sponsored \"North Korea Sanctions and Diplomatic Nonrecognition Act of 2\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"North Korea Sanctions and Diplomatic Nonrecognition Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001049":[{"id":"P29_C001049_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MO D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CLAY, William Lacy, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P195_C001049","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wm. Lacy Clay — DW-NOMINATE -0.48 vs MO delegation mean 0.17 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Wm. Lacy Clay's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.48) is 1.5 standard deviations from the MO delegation mean (0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MO","memberScore":-0.481,"delegationMean":0.17192307692307693,"zscore":"1.51"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"F000448":[{"id":"P29_F000448_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FRANKS, Trent voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_F000448","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Trent Franks has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Trent Franks triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000448"]},{"id":"P182_F000448_ChildrensHopeActof20","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Trent Franks sponsored \"Children's Hope Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Trent Franks has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Children's Hope Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000550":[{"id":"P29_G000550_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GINGREY, Phil voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":7,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"To authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2015, and for ot"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_G000550","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Phil Gingrey draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.6M PAC / $20.5M total)","explanation":"Phil Gingrey's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.6M of $20.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.62,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.48,"pacSharePct":32.3,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H2GA11149"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA11149/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000550","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Phil Gingrey has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Phil Gingrey triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000550"]},{"id":"P182_G000550_NuclearFamilyPriorit","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Phil Gingrey sponsored \"Nuclear Family Priority Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Phil Gingrey has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Nuclear Family Priority Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000550_FairnessinFirearmTes","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Phil Gingrey sponsored \"Fairness in Firearm Testing Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Phil Gingrey has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fairness in Firearm Testing Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_G000550_FederalEmployeeAccou","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Phil Gingrey sponsored \"Federal Employee Accountability Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Phil Gingrey has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Federal Employee Accountability Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"K000362":[{"id":"P29_K000362_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IA R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KING, Steve voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_K000362","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve King has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve King triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000362"]},{"id":"P182_K000362_EnglishLanguageUnity","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve King sponsored \"English Language Unity Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Steve King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"English Language Unity Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000362_TruthinEmploymentAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve King sponsored \"Truth in Employment Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Steve King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Truth in Employment Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000362_NationalRighttoWorkA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve King sponsored \"National Right-to-Work Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Steve King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"National Right-to-Work Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_K000362","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve King — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Steve King has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":116}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000362","https://www.congress.gov/member/steve-king/K000362"]}],"G000548":[{"id":"P29_G000548_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GARRETT, Scott voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1153,"date":"2014-09-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"American Energy Solutions for Lower Costs and More American Jobs Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_G000548","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Garrett draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.9M PAC / $29.1M total)","explanation":"Scott Garrett's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.9M of $29.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.08,"pacSharePct":37.5,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8NJ05052"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NJ05052/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000548","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Garrett has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Scott Garrett triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000548"]},{"id":"P182_G000548_ReclaimingIndividual","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Garrett sponsored \"Reclaiming Individual Liberty Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Scott Garrett has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Reclaiming Individual Liberty Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_G000548","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Scott Garrett — DW-NOMINATE 0.69 vs NJ delegation mean -0.14 (2.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Scott Garrett's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.69) is 2.5 standard deviations from the NJ delegation mean (-0.14). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NJ","memberScore":0.688,"delegationMean":-0.14169230769230765,"zscore":"2.53"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001242":[{"id":"P29_B001242_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BISHOP, Timothy H. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":7,"peerNay":7,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":2,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001242","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy H. Bishop draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.7M PAC / $29.2M total)","explanation":"Timothy H. Bishop's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.7M of $29.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.2,"pacSharePct":36.6,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H2NY01067"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY01067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001242","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy H. Bishop has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Timothy H. Bishop triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001242"]},{"id":"P182_B001242_FarmlandPreservation","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy H. Bishop sponsored \"Farmland Preservation and Land Conservation Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Timothy H. Bishop has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Farmland Preservation and Land Conservation Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_B001242_OpenSpacePreservatio","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy H. Bishop sponsored \"Open Space Preservation Promotion Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Timothy H. Bishop has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Open Space Preservation Promotion Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001251":[{"id":"P29_B001251_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BUTTERFIELD, George Kenneth, Jr. (G.K.) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001251","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"G. K. Butterfield draws 74% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.9M PAC / $14.7M total)","explanation":"G. K. Butterfield's FEC-bulk record shows 74% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.9M of $14.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.71,"pacSharePct":74.4,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H4NC01046"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NC01046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_B001251_WorldWarIIMerchantMa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"G. K. Butterfield sponsored \"World War II Merchant Mariner Service Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"G. K. Butterfield has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"World War II Merchant Mariner Service Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_B001251","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"G. K. Butterfield — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"G. K. Butterfield has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001251","https://www.congress.gov/member/g.-k.-butterfield/B001251"]}],"G000549":[{"id":"P29_G000549_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GERLACH, Jim voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":1,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_G000549","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Gerlach draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.9M PAC / $30.4M total)","explanation":"Jim Gerlach's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.9M of $30.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.39,"pacSharePct":52.2,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H2PA06114"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2PA06114/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_G000549_EnergyRegulatoryPubl","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Gerlach sponsored \"Energy Regulatory Public Protection Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jim Gerlach has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Energy Regulatory Public Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001250":[{"id":"P29_B001250_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with UT R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BISHOP, Robert (Rob) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001250","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rob Bishop draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.7M PAC / $10.4M total)","explanation":"Rob Bishop's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.7M of $10.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.42,"pacSharePct":54.8,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H2UT01094"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2UT01094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_B001250_UtahNationalGuardRea","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rob Bishop sponsored \"Utah National Guard Readiness Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rob Bishop has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Utah National Guard Readiness Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_B001250_Toamendtitle5UnitedS","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rob Bishop sponsored \"To amend title 5, United States Code, to increase the maximu\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rob Bishop has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend title 5, United States Code, to increase the maximum age limit for an original appointment to a position as a Federal law enforcement officer in the case of any individual who has been discharged or released from active duty in the Armed Forces under honorable conditions, and for other purposes."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"W000796":[{"id":"P29_W000796_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WESTMORELAND, Lynn A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":7,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_W000796","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lynn A. Westmoreland draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.3M PAC / $15.1M total)","explanation":"Lynn A. Westmoreland's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.3M of $15.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.07,"pacSharePct":42.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4GA08067"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4GA08067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_W000796","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lynn A. Westmoreland has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lynn A. Westmoreland triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000796"]}],"B001252":[{"id":"P29_B001252_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BARROW, John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001252","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Barrow draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($16.2M PAC / $30.1M total)","explanation":"John Barrow's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($16.2M of $30.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":16.2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.11,"pacSharePct":53.8,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4GA12010"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4GA12010/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000563":[{"id":"P29_L000563_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LIPINSKI, Daniel voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":6,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1156,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_L000563","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Daniel Lipinski draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.4M PAC / $16.0M total)","explanation":"Daniel Lipinski's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.4M of $16.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.97,"pacSharePct":58.8,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H4IL03077"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4IL03077/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_L000563_ForthereliefofCorina","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Daniel Lipinski sponsored \"For the relief of Corina de Chalup Turcinovic.\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Daniel Lipinski has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Corina de Chalup Turcinovic."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001255":[{"id":"P29_B001255_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with LA R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOUSTANY, Charles W. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2015, and for ot"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001255","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles W. Boustany draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.0M PAC / $11.5M total)","explanation":"Charles W. Boustany's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.0M of $11.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.98,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.54,"pacSharePct":34.5,"cycleCount":3,"fecId":"S6LA00300"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6LA00300/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001162":[{"id":"P29_S001162_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHWARTZ, Allyson Y. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S001162","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Allyson Y. Schwartz has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Allyson Y. Schwartz triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001162"]},{"id":"P182_S001162_SupportWorkingParent","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Allyson Y. Schwartz sponsored \"Support Working Parents Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Allyson Y. Schwartz has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Support Working Parents Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000552":[{"id":"P29_G000552_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GOHMERT, Louie voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":5,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":5,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":4,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000552","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Louie Gohmert has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Louie Gohmert triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000552"]},{"id":"P198_G000552","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Louie Gohmert — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Louie Gohmert has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000552","https://www.congress.gov/member/louie-gohmert/G000552"]}],"R000578":[{"id":"P29_R000578_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"REICHERT, David G. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1159,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1422) EPA Science Advisory Board R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000578","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David G. Reichert draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.3M PAC / $30.7M total)","explanation":"David G. Reichert's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.3M of $30.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.29,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.75,"pacSharePct":43.2,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H4WA08071"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4WA08071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000578","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David G. Reichert has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"David G. Reichert triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000578"]},{"id":"P182_R000578_AlpineLakesWildernes","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David G. Reichert sponsored \"Alpine Lakes Wilderness Additions and Pratt and Middle Fork \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"David G. Reichert has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Alpine Lakes Wilderness Additions and Pratt and Middle Fork Snoqualmie Rivers Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001064":[{"id":"P29_C001064_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CAMPBELL, John (of California) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":4,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":4,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":7,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P195_C001064","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Campbell — DW-NOMINATE 0.75 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (2.1σ outlier)","explanation":"John Campbell's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.75) is 2.1 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.748,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"2.07"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"R000580":[{"id":"P29_R000580_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROSKAM, Peter voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1159,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1422) EPA Science Advisory Board R"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_R000580","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter J. Roskam ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $23.1M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Peter J. Roskam's FEC-bulk record shows $23.1M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $51.5M (PAC: $23.1M, individual: $26.8M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":23.08,"lifetimeReceiptsM":51.51,"lifetimeIndividualM":26.84,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6IL06117"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IL06117/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_R000580","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter J. Roskam draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($23.1M PAC / $51.5M total)","explanation":"Peter J. Roskam's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($23.1M of $51.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":23.08,"lifetimeReceiptsM":51.51,"pacSharePct":44.8,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H6IL06117"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IL06117/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000580","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter J. Roskam has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Peter J. Roskam triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000580"]}],"E000288":[{"id":"P29_E000288_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ELLISON, Keith voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_E000288","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Keith Ellison has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Keith Ellison triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000288"]}],"B001256":[{"id":"P29_B001256_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MN R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BACHMANN, Michele voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_B001256","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michele Bachmann ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $74M across 16 cycles","explanation":"Michele Bachmann's FEC-bulk record shows $74.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":74.32,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H6MN06074"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MN06074/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_B001256","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michele Bachmann — DW-NOMINATE 0.58 vs MN delegation mean -0.00 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Michele Bachmann's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.58) is 1.5 standard deviations from the MN delegation mean (-0.00). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MN","memberScore":0.584,"delegationMean":-0.0024500000000000034,"zscore":"1.50"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001262":[{"id":"P29_B001262_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BROUN, Paul C., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2014-12-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint coins in commemoration of the c"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B001262","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul C. Broun has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Paul C. Broun triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001262"]},{"id":"P182_B001262_SanctityofHumanLifeA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Paul C. Broun sponsored \"Sanctity of Human Life Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Paul C. Broun has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Sanctity of Human Life Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_B001262","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul C. Broun — DW-NOMINATE 0.91 vs GA delegation mean 0.21 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Paul C. Broun's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.91) is 1.6 standard deviations from the GA delegation mean (0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"GA","memberScore":0.913,"delegationMean":0.20903703703703705,"zscore":"1.57"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"L000573":[{"id":"P29_L000573_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with ID R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LABRADOR, Raúl R. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000573","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raul R. Labrador has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Raul R. Labrador triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000573"]}],"H001057":[{"id":"P29_H001057_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with KS R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HUELSKAMP, Tim voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H001057","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Huelskamp has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tim Huelskamp triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001057"]}],"H001056":[{"id":"P29_H001056_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HERRERA BEUTLER, Jaime voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1159,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1422) EPA Science Advisory Board R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H001056","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jaime Herrera Beutler draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.8M PAC / $35.0M total)","explanation":"Jaime Herrera Beutler's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.8M of $35.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.98,"pacSharePct":33.7,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0WA03187"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WA03187/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001056","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jaime Herrera Beutler has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jaime Herrera Beutler triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001056"]},{"id":"P198_H001056","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jaime Herrera Beutler — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Jaime Herrera Beutler has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H001056","https://www.congress.gov/member/jaime-herrera-beutler/H001056"]}],"N000187":[{"id":"P29_N000187_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NEGRETE McLEOD, Gloria voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":21,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":19,"peerNay":5,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":11,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]}],"R000596":[{"id":"P29_R000596_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RADEL, Trey voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":661,"date":"2014-01-16","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to require transparency "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2014-01-14","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to make the shareholder threshold f"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2014-01-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 2279, Reducing Excessive Deadline Obligation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2013-12-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2014, and for other purposes"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2013-12-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.J.Res. 59, making conti"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000596","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Trey Radel draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($0.9M PAC / $2.9M total)","explanation":"Trey Radel's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($0.9M of $2.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":0.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.87,"pacSharePct":31.3,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2FL14194"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL14194/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"E000292":[{"id":"P29_E000292_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ENYART, Bill voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1156,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1153,"date":"2014-09-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":6,"description":"American Energy Solutions for Lower Costs and More American Jobs Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_E000292","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William L. Enyart draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.8M PAC / $6.3M total)","explanation":"William L. Enyart's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.8M of $6.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.35,"pacSharePct":44.4,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H2IL12122"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL12122/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_E000292","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"William L. Enyart has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"William L. Enyart triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000292"]}],"O000170":[{"id":"P29_O000170_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"O'ROURKE, Beto voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":5,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_O000170","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Beto O'Rourke has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Beto O'Rourke triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/O000170"]}],"P000258":[{"id":"P29_P000258_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PETERSON, Collin Clark voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1163,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1155,"date":"2014-11-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5682) to approve the Keystone XL P"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1153,"date":"2014-09-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"American Energy Solutions for Lower Costs and More American Jobs Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_P000258","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Collin C. Peterson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $22.4M across 40 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Collin C. Peterson's FEC-bulk record shows $22.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 40 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $31.7M (PAC: $22.4M, individual: $7.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":22.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.66,"lifetimeIndividualM":7.12,"cycleCount":40,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2MN07014"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MN07014/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_P000258","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Collin C. Peterson draws 71% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($22.4M PAC / $31.7M total)","explanation":"Collin C. Peterson's FEC-bulk record shows 71% of lifetime campaign receipts ($22.4M of $31.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":22.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.66,"pacSharePct":70.6,"cycleCount":40,"fecId":"H2MN07014"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MN07014/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M000933":[{"id":"P29_M000933_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MORAN, James P. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M000933","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James P. Moran draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.1M PAC / $28.2M total)","explanation":"James P. Moran's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.1M of $28.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.06,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.24,"pacSharePct":39.2,"cycleCount":31,"fecId":"H0VA08040"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0VA08040/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M000933","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James P. Moran has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"James P. Moran triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000933"]}],"M000508":[{"id":"P29_M000508_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McKEON, Howard P. (Buck) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":5,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":5,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":5,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":3,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1155,"date":"2014-11-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5682) to approve the Keystone XL P"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_M000508","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard P. \"Buck\" McKeon (left 2015) registered as LDA lobbyist — 5 clients across 6 filings","explanation":"Howard P. \"Buck\" McKeon left Congress in 2015 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $045000.0050000.0050000.00 from 5 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: SOLUTION PHILIPPINES, LLC, BAE, KIM & LEE, LLC, KYOCERA INTERNATIONAL (FKA KYOCERA AVX), GLOBAL HF, LLC, SINGULARITY DEFENSE CORPORATION.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2015,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"045000.0050000.0050000.00","clientCount":5,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["SOLUTION PHILIPPINES, LLC","BAE, KIM & LEE, LLC","KYOCERA INTERNATIONAL (FKA KYOCERA AVX)","GLOBAL HF, LLC","SINGULARITY DEFENSE CORPORATION"],"sampleFirms":["THE MCKEON GROUP, INC."],"filings":6,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Howard%20P.%20%22Buck%22%20McKeon"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Howard%20P.%20%22Buck%22%20McKeon","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_M000508","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Howard P. \"Buck\" McKeon draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.6M PAC / $21.2M total)","explanation":"Howard P. \"Buck\" McKeon's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.6M of $21.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.21,"pacSharePct":40.5,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H2CA25036"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA25036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M000508","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard P. \"Buck\" McKeon has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Howard P. \"Buck\" McKeon triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000508"]}],"B000911":[{"id":"P29_B000911_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BROWN, Corrine voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B000911","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Corrine Brown draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.5M PAC / $14.2M total)","explanation":"Corrine Brown's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.5M of $14.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.55,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.22,"pacSharePct":53.1,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H2FL03056"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL03056/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_B000911","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Corrine Brown — DW-NOMINATE -0.43 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Corrine Brown's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.43) is 1.5 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.429,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.54"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"G000535":[{"id":"P29_G000535_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GUTIÉRREZ, Luis V. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1158,"date":"2014-11-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to allow a certain parcel of land in Rockingham County, Virginia, to be u"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1156,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P37_G000535_AAPL_20150204","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL of AAPL in 2015-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Luis V. Gutierrez executed a sell in AAPL during 2015-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"SELL","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-02-04","quarter":"2015-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000535_AAPL_20150121","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2015-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Luis V. Gutierrez executed a buy in AAPL during 2015-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-21","quarter":"2015-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P37_G000535_AAPL_20150120","pattern_type":"P37_LOBBYING_TIMELINE_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY of AAPL in 2015-Q1 while APPLE INC. had active lobbying filings","explanation":"Luis V. Gutierrez executed a buy in AAPL during 2015-Q1, the same quarter that 3 LDA filings were active for matching corporate clients (APPLE INC., APPLE, INC.). Same-quarter lobbying activity around a member's material trade is a timing-overlap flag — the LDA record is public, so cross-check whether the filings were submitted before or after the trade date on the LDA website.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","tradeDate":"2015-01-20","quarter":"2015-Q1"},{"source":"lda_filings","quarter":"2015-Q1","matchedClients":["APPLE INC.","APPLE, INC.","TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY CA"]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_G000535","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Luis V. Gutierrez draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.4M PAC / $10.8M total)","explanation":"Luis V. Gutierrez's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.4M of $10.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.36,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.85,"pacSharePct":49.4,"cycleCount":29,"fecId":"H2IL08039"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL08039/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_G000535","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Luis V. Gutierrez executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL AFG (24d apart)","explanation":"Luis V. Gutierrez has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL AFG 2015-04-24 → 2015-05-18 (24d) · BUY→SELL GCAP 2015-04-23 → 2015-05-18 (25d) · BUY→SELL AAPL 2015-01-26 → 2015-01-28 (2d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"AFG","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-04-24","date2":"2015-05-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"GCAP","days":25,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-04-23","date2":"2015-05-18","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","days":2,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-01-26","date2":"2015-01-28","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"S000018":[{"id":"P29_S000018_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SALMON, Matthew James voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S000018","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Matt Salmon draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.2M PAC / $8.1M total)","explanation":"Matt Salmon's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.2M of $8.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.12,"pacSharePct":39.3,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H4AZ01038"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AZ01038/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S000018","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Matt Salmon has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Matt Salmon triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000018"]}],"J000255":[{"id":"P29_J000255_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JONES, Walter Beaman, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_J000255","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Walter B. Jones draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.2M PAC / $18.5M total)","explanation":"Walter B. Jones's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.2M of $18.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.51,"pacSharePct":44.4,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H2NC01081"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC01081/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_J000255_ToredesignatetheDepa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Walter B. Jones sponsored \"To redesignate the Department of the Navy as the Department \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Walter B. Jones has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To redesignate the Department of the Navy as the Department of the Navy and Marine Corps."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000255_MilitaryRetireeSurvi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Walter B. Jones sponsored \"Military Retiree Survivor Comfort Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Walter B. Jones has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Military Retiree Survivor Comfort Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000255_ToamendtheFederalEle","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Walter B. Jones sponsored \"To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to permit\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Walter B. Jones has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to permit candidates for election for Federal office to designate an individual who will be authorized to disburse funds of the authorized campaign committees of the candidate in the event of the death of the candidate."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_J000255_CorollaWildHorsesPro","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Walter B. Jones sponsored \"Corolla Wild Horses Protection Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Walter B. Jones has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Corolla Wild Horses Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"F000043":[{"id":"P29_F000043_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FATTAH, Chaka voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_F000043","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chaka Fattah draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.5M PAC / $11.3M total)","explanation":"Chaka Fattah's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.5M of $11.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.31,"pacSharePct":48.7,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H2PA02055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2PA02055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_F000043_CommunitiesCommitted","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chaka Fattah sponsored \"Communities Committed to College Tax Credit Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Chaka Fattah has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Communities Committed to College Tax Credit Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_F000043_StudentBillofRights","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chaka Fattah sponsored \"Student Bill of Rights\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Chaka Fattah has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Student Bill of Rights"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"D000482":[{"id":"P29_D000482_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DOYLE, Michael F. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2015, and for ot"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_D000482","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael F. Doyle draws 67% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.1M PAC / $21.0M total)","explanation":"Michael F. Doyle's FEC-bulk record shows 67% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.1M of $21.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.03,"pacSharePct":67.3,"cycleCount":30,"fecId":"H4PA18131"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4PA18131/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S000937":[{"id":"P29_S000937_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"STOCKMAN, Steve voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":5,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":5,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":2,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000937","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Stockman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve Stockman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000937"]},{"id":"P195_S000937","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Stockman — DW-NOMINATE 0.90 vs TX delegation mean 0.15 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Steve Stockman's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.90) is 1.6 standard deviations from the TX delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TX","memberScore":0.899,"delegationMean":0.14558771929824554,"zscore":"1.57"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H000329":[{"id":"P29_H000329_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HASTINGS, Richard Norman (Doc) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1159,"date":"2014-11-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1422) EPA Science Advisory Board R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H000329","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doc Hastings draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.6M PAC / $16.9M total)","explanation":"Doc Hastings's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.6M of $16.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.63,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.92,"pacSharePct":39.2,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H2WA04041"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2WA04041/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H000329","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doc Hastings has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Doc Hastings triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000329"]},{"id":"P182_H000329_NorthCascadesNationa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doc Hastings sponsored \"North Cascades National Park Service Complex Fish Stocking A\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Doc Hastings has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"North Cascades National Park Service Complex Fish Stocking Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H000329_ToauthorizetheSecret","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doc Hastings sponsored \"To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to adjust the bou\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Doc Hastings has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to adjust the boundary of the Stephen Mather Wilderness and the North Cascades National Park in order to allow the rebuilding of a road outside of the floodplain while ensuring that there is no net loss of acreage to the Park or the Wilderness, and for other purposes."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H000329_CabinFeeActof2010","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doc Hastings sponsored \"Cabin Fee Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Doc Hastings has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Cabin Fee Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H000329_RattlesnakeMountainP","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doc Hastings sponsored \"Rattlesnake Mountain Public Access Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Doc Hastings has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Rattlesnake Mountain Public Access Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C000984":[{"id":"P29_C000984_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CUMMINGS, Elijah Eugene voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_C000984","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Elijah E. Cummings draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.8M PAC / $19.7M total)","explanation":"Elijah E. Cummings's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.8M of $19.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.73,"pacSharePct":54.6,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H6MD07160"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MD07160/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000266":[{"id":"P29_T000266_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TIERNEY, John F. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to strengthen the Domestic Nuclear De"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_T000266","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. Tierney draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.2M PAC / $22.4M total)","explanation":"John F. Tierney's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.2M of $22.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.43,"pacSharePct":32.1,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4MA06033"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MA06033/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_T000266","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. Tierney has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John F. Tierney triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000266"]}],"M000309":[{"id":"P29_M000309_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McCARTHY, Carolyn voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":7,"peerNay":7,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":2,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":1,"description":"To authorize appropriations for the Coast Guard for fiscal year 2015, and for ot"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M000309","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carolyn McCarthy draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.8M PAC / $30.2M total)","explanation":"Carolyn McCarthy's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.8M of $30.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.17,"pacSharePct":32.5,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H6NY04112"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY04112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_M000309_StudenttoSchoolNurse","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carolyn McCarthy sponsored \"Student-to-School Nurse Ratio Improvement Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Carolyn McCarthy has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Student-to-School Nurse Ratio Improvement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M000485":[{"id":"P29_M000485_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McINTYRE, Mike voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5771, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1171,"date":"2014-12-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M000485","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mike McIntyre draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.6M PAC / $19.5M total)","explanation":"Mike McIntyre's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.6M of $19.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.53,"pacSharePct":49,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H8NC07044"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NC07044/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_M000485_DisabilityBenefitFai","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike McIntyre sponsored \"Disability Benefit Fairness Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Mike McIntyre has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Disability Benefit Fairness Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000485_VeteransOutreachImpr","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike McIntyre sponsored \"Veterans Outreach Improvement Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Mike McIntyre has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Veterans Outreach Improvement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001227":[{"id":"P29_B001227_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRADY, Robert A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1157,"date":"2014-11-14","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001227","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert A. Brady draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.0M PAC / $14.7M total)","explanation":"Robert A. Brady's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.0M of $14.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.99,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.68,"pacSharePct":40.8,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H8PA01153"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA01153/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001227","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert A. Brady has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert A. Brady triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001227"]}],"M001139":[{"id":"P29_M001139_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MILLER, Gary G. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":4,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":4,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":7,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M001139","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gary G. Miller draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.5M PAC / $13.0M total)","explanation":"Gary G. Miller's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.5M of $13.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.01,"pacSharePct":49.6,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H8CA41063"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA41063/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001037":[{"id":"P29_C001037_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MA D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CAPUANO, Michael Everett voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2014-12-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Tax Increase Prevention Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P182_C001037_ShareholderProtectio","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael E. Capuano sponsored \"Shareholder Protection Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael E. Capuano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Shareholder Protection Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001037_LeadershipPACLimitat","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael E. Capuano sponsored \"Leadership PAC Limitation Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael E. Capuano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Leadership PAC Limitation Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001037_ToamendtheFederalEle","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael E. Capuano sponsored \"To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to reduce\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael E. Capuano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to reduce the limit on the amount of certain contributions which may be made to a candidate with respect to an election for Federal office."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"H000067":[{"id":"P29_H000067_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HALL, Ralph Moody voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":5,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":20,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend title 49, United States Code, to direct the Assistant Secretary of Home"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":19,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Transportation Security Administration to implement best practice"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":5,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1188,"date":"2014-12-04","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":17,"peerNay":4,"description":"To establish a rule of construction clarifying the limitations on executive auth"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H000067","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ralph M. Hall draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.9M PAC / $21.9M total)","explanation":"Ralph M. Hall's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.9M of $21.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.92,"pacSharePct":54.5,"cycleCount":37,"fecId":"H0TX04037"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TX04037/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001290":[{"id":"P29_B001290_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRAT, David A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1199,"date":"2014-12-11","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2014-12-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2015"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B001290","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave Brat has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dave Brat triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001290"]},{"id":"P195_B001290","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave Brat — DW-NOMINATE 0.83 vs VA delegation mean 0.12 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Dave Brat's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.83) is 1.9 standard deviations from the VA delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"VA","memberScore":0.829,"delegationMean":0.12260416666666664,"zscore":"1.90"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000810":[{"id":"P29_S000810_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"STARK, Fortney Hillman (Pete), Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1601,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 8) to ext"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S000810","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Fortney Pete Stark draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.1M PAC / $17.2M total)","explanation":"Fortney Pete Stark's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.1M of $17.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.08,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.16,"pacSharePct":58.8,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H6CA09023"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA09023/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000274":[{"id":"P29_L000274_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEWIS, Charles Jeremy (Jerry) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1601,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 8) to ext"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_L000274","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry Lewis draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.9M PAC / $21.2M total)","explanation":"Jerry Lewis's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.9M of $21.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.2,"pacSharePct":51.6,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H8CA37079"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA37079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000517":[{"id":"P29_L000517_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LUNGREN, Daniel Edward voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1556,"date":"2012-11-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to promote innovation, investment, "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_L000517","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Daniel E. Lungren draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.6M PAC / $18.2M total)","explanation":"Daniel E. Lungren's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.6M of $18.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.62,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.24,"pacSharePct":41.8,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6CA34112"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA34112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000517","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel E. Lungren has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Daniel E. Lungren triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000517"]}],"D000492":[{"id":"P29_D000492_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DREIER, David Timothy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1556,"date":"2012-11-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to promote innovation, investment, "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_D000492","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Dreier draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.0M PAC / $28.2M total)","explanation":"David Dreier's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.0M of $28.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.17,"pacSharePct":32.1,"cycleCount":35,"fecId":"H8CA35032"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA35032/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_D000492","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Dreier has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"David Dreier triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000492"]}],"A000022":[{"id":"P29_A000022_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ACKERMAN, Gary Leonard voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1575,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Theft of Trade Secrets Clarification Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1572,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Small Business Investment Company Modernization Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_A000022","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary L. Ackerman draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.8M PAC / $22.8M total)","explanation":"Gary L. Ackerman's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.8M of $22.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.75,"pacSharePct":34.2,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H4NY07011"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY07011/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000410":[{"id":"P29_B000410_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BERMAN, Howard Lawrence voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000410","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard L. Berman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Howard L. Berman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000410"]}],"T000326":[{"id":"P29_T000326_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TOWNS, Edolphus voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1578,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To refer H.R. 5862, a bill making congressional reference to the United States C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1577,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide for a study on issues relating to access to intravenous immune globul"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1576,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize certain programs under the Public Health Service Act and the Fede"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_T000326","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Edolphus Towns draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.1M PAC / $23.2M total)","explanation":"Edolphus Towns's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.1M of $23.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.22,"pacSharePct":52.1,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H2NY11017"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY11017/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000021":[{"id":"P29_G000021_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GALLEGLY, Elton W. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1570,"date":"2012-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"To authorize the issuance of right-of-way permits for natural gas pipelines in G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"}],"citations":[]}],"H000528":[{"id":"P29_H000528_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HERGER, Walter William (Wally) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1556,"date":"2012-11-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to promote innovation, investment, "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H000528","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Wally Herger draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.0M PAC / $19.3M total)","explanation":"Wally Herger's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.0M of $19.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.96,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.35,"pacSharePct":51.5,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H6CA02010"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA02010/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_H000528","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wally Herger — DW-NOMINATE 0.55 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Wally Herger's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.55) is 1.6 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.551,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.59"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000822":[{"id":"P29_S000822_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"STEARNS, Clifford Bundy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1572,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Small Business Investment Company Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1570,"date":"2012-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To authorize the issuance of right-of-way permits for natural gas pipelines in G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S000822","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cliff Stearns draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.4M PAC / $16.4M total)","explanation":"Cliff Stearns's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.4M of $16.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.39,"pacSharePct":51.2,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H8FL06056"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8FL06056/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"J000285":[{"id":"P29_J000285_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JOHNSON, Timothy V. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1578,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"To refer H.R. 5862, a bill making congressional reference to the United States C"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_J000285","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Timothy V. Johnson draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.0M PAC / $8.6M total)","explanation":"Timothy V. Johnson's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.0M of $8.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.64,"pacSharePct":46.8,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H0IL15053"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IL15053/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001154":[{"id":"P29_M001154_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MILLER, Brad voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1575,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Theft of Trade Secrets Clarification Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M001154","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brad Miller has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Brad Miller triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001154"]}],"M001155":[{"id":"P29_M001155_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MACK, Connie, IV voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1578,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To refer H.R. 5862, a bill making congressional reference to the United States C"}],"citations":[]}],"S001164":[{"id":"P29_S001164_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHMIDT, Jean voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1601,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 8) to ext"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1576,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize certain programs under the Public Health Service Act and the Fede"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1556,"date":"2012-11-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to promote innovation, investment, "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S001164","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jean Schmidt draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.9M PAC / $10.2M total)","explanation":"Jean Schmidt's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.9M of $10.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.18,"pacSharePct":37.9,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H6OH02086"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OH02086/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S001164","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jean Schmidt has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jean Schmidt triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001164"]}],"S001171":[{"id":"P29_S001171_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SHULER, Heath voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1578,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To refer H.R. 5862, a bill making congressional reference to the United States C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1577,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide for a study on issues relating to access to intravenous immune globul"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1576,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize certain programs under the Public Health Service Act and the Fede"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1560,"date":"2012-12-05","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Expressing the sense of Congress regarding actions to preserve and advance the m"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S001171","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Heath Shuler draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $10.9M total)","explanation":"Heath Shuler's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $10.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.86,"pacSharePct":47.8,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H6NC11172"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NC11172/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000581":[{"id":"P29_R000581_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RICHARDSON, Laura voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1578,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"To refer H.R. 5862, a bill making congressional reference to the United States C"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_R000581","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Laura Richardson draws 68% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.2M PAC / $4.7M total)","explanation":"Laura Richardson's FEC-bulk record shows 68% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.2M of $4.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.25,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.74,"pacSharePct":68.5,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H8CA37137"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA37137/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_R000581","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Laura Richardson — 85 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Laura Richardson sponsored 85 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":85}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"A000365":[{"id":"P29_A000365_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"AUSTRIA, Steve voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1575,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Theft of Trade Secrets Clarification Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1572,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Small Business Investment Company Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1570,"date":"2012-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To authorize the issuance of right-of-way permits for natural gas pipelines in G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1560,"date":"2012-12-05","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Expressing the sense of Congress regarding actions to preserve and advance the m"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_A000365","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Austria draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.3M PAC / $5.2M total)","explanation":"Steve Austria's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.3M of $5.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.34,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.19,"pacSharePct":45.1,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H8OH07065"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH07065/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000807":[{"id":"P29_W000807_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WEST, Allen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1572,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Small Business Investment Company Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1570,"date":"2012-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To authorize the issuance of right-of-way permits for natural gas pipelines in G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000807","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Allen B. West has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Allen B. West triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000807"]}],"A000366":[{"id":"P29_A000366_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ADAMS, Sandra (Sandy) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1572,"date":"2012-12-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Small Business Investment Company Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1570,"date":"2012-12-17","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To authorize the issuance of right-of-way permits for natural gas pipelines in G"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_A000366","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sandy Adams has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sandy Adams triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000366"]}],"W000738":[{"id":"P29_W000738_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WOOLSEY, Lynn C. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1601,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 8) to ext"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_W000738","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lynn C. Woolsey draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.8M PAC / $14.8M total)","explanation":"Lynn C. Woolsey's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.8M of $14.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.82,"pacSharePct":39.3,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H2CA01045"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA01045/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001138":[{"id":"P29_M001138_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MANZULLO, Donald A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1589,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"To name the Department of Veterans Affairs medical center in Spokane, Washington"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1556,"date":"2012-11-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to promote innovation, investment, "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1553,"date":"2012-11-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Jamie Zapata Border Enforcement Security Task Force Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M001138","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald A. Manzullo draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.5M PAC / $19.8M total)","explanation":"Donald A. Manzullo's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.5M of $19.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.78,"pacSharePct":37.7,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H0IL16085"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0IL16085/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001138","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald A. Manzullo has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Donald A. Manzullo triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001138"]},{"id":"P195_M001138","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald A. Manzullo — DW-NOMINATE 0.51 vs IL delegation mean -0.09 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Donald A. Manzullo's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.51) is 1.6 standard deviations from the IL delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IL","memberScore":0.51,"delegationMean":-0.09283749999999999,"zscore":"1.55"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H000627":[{"id":"P29_H000627_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HINCHEY, Maurice Dunlea voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1560,"date":"2012-12-05","sector":"Technology","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Expressing the sense of Congress regarding actions to preserve and advance the m"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1553,"date":"2012-11-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Jamie Zapata Border Enforcement Security Task Force Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H000627","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Maurice D. Hinchey draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.5M PAC / $16.1M total)","explanation":"Maurice D. Hinchey's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.5M of $16.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.08,"pacSharePct":40.5,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H2NY26080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY26080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H000627","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maurice D. Hinchey has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Maurice D. Hinchey triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000627"]}],"H000712":[{"id":"P29_H000712_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HOLDEN, Thomas Timothy (Tim) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1567,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1553,"date":"2012-11-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Jamie Zapata Border Enforcement Security Task Force Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_H000712","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tim Holden draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.5M PAC / $21.4M total)","explanation":"Tim Holden's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.5M of $21.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.53,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.4,"pacSharePct":58.5,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H2PA06080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2PA06080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000461":[{"id":"P29_B000461_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BILBRAY, Brian P. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1578,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"To refer H.R. 5862, a bill making congressional reference to the United States C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1577,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"To provide for a study on issues relating to access to intravenous immune globul"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B000461","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Brian P. Bilbray draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.3M PAC / $26.1M total)","explanation":"Brian P. Bilbray's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.3M of $26.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.27,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.14,"pacSharePct":43.1,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H4CA49032"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA49032/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000553":[{"id":"P29_L000553_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LaTOURETTE, Steven C. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2013-01-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1567,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_L000553","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steven C. LaTourette draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.2M PAC / $22.9M total)","explanation":"Steven C. LaTourette's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.2M of $22.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.18,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.85,"pacSharePct":48.9,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H4OH19036"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4OH19036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001228":[{"id":"P29_B001228_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BONO, Mary voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1578,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"To refer H.R. 5862, a bill making congressional reference to the United States C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1577,"date":"2012-12-19","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"To provide for a study on issues relating to access to intravenous immune globul"}],"citations":[]}],"B001234":[{"id":"P29_B001234_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BACA, Joe voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1595,"date":"2012-12-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1594,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dignified Burial and Other Veterans’ Benefits Improvement Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1593,"date":"2012-12-30","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affai"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1588,"date":"2012-12-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1568,"date":"2012-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001234","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Baca draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.9M PAC / $12.0M total)","explanation":"Joe Baca's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.9M of $12.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.91,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.96,"pacSharePct":57.8,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6CA42099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA42099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_B001234","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Baca — 87 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Joe Baca sponsored 87 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":87}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B000657":[{"id":"P29_B000657_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOUCHER, Frederick C. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1646,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Students from Sexual and Violent Predators Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1613,"date":"2010-12-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To direct the Administrator of General Services to convey a parcel of real prope"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1609,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Medicare and Medicaid Extenders Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 3082, making appropriations for military con"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B000657","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rick Boucher draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.1M PAC / $29.2M total)","explanation":"Rick Boucher's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.1M of $29.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.11,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.23,"pacSharePct":58.5,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H2VA09010"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2VA09010/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000008":[{"id":"P29_K000008_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KANJORSKI, Paul E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1613,"date":"2010-12-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"To direct the Administrator of General Services to convey a parcel of real prope"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_K000008","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Paul E. Kanjorski draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.2M PAC / $22.3M total)","explanation":"Paul E. Kanjorski's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.2M of $22.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.33,"pacSharePct":59.1,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H0PA11050"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0PA11050/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000038":[{"id":"P29_T000038_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TN D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TANNER, John S. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1641,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Defense Level Playing Field Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1626,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_T000038","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John S. Tanner draws 71% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.9M PAC / $15.4M total)","explanation":"John S. Tanner's FEC-bulk record shows 71% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.9M of $15.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.91,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.4,"pacSharePct":70.8,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H8TN08033"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TN08033/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"P000586":[{"id":"P29_P000586_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PUTNAM, Adam voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1646,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Protecting Students from Sexual and Violent Predators Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1641,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Defense Level Playing Field Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1619,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Congratulating Auburn University quarterback and College Park, Georgia, native C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1609,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Medicare and Medicaid Extenders Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_P000586","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Adam H. Putnam draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.5M PAC / $11.2M total)","explanation":"Adam H. Putnam's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.5M of $11.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.17,"pacSharePct":48.9,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H0FL12051"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL12051/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001235":[{"id":"P29_B001235_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with SC R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BROWN, Henry Edward, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1641,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Defense Level Playing Field Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1625,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve educational assistance for vet"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001235","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry E. Brown draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.5M PAC / $7.4M total)","explanation":"Henry E. Brown's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.5M of $7.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.35,"pacSharePct":34.1,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0SC01071"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0SC01071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001235","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry E. Brown has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Henry E. Brown triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001235"]}],"D000602":[{"id":"P29_D000602_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AL D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DAVIS, Artur voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1644,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"FDA Food Safety Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1625,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve educational assistance for vet"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1608,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify and improve certain provisions"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_D000602","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Artur Davis draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $10.6M total)","explanation":"Artur Davis's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $10.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.65,"pacSharePct":48.9,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H0AL07060"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0AL07060/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000599":[{"id":"P29_D000599_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TN D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DAVIS, Lincoln voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1646,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Protecting Students from Sexual and Violent Predators Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1644,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"FDA Food Safety Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1636,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 105) making furthe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1605,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_D000599","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lincoln Davis draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.7M PAC / $12.7M total)","explanation":"Lincoln Davis's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.7M of $12.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.67,"pacSharePct":52.7,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H4TN06051"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TN06051/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001148":[{"id":"P29_M001148_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MEEK, Kendrick B. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1641,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Defense Level Playing Field Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1626,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1609,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Medicare and Medicaid Extenders Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M001148","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kendrick B. Meek has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Kendrick B. Meek triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001148"]}],"K000366":[{"id":"P29_K000366_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KLEIN, Ron voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1626,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1609,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Medicare and Medicaid Extenders Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_K000366","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Klein (left 2011, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Ron Klein left Congress in 2011 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $0 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: LEOPOLDO PALACIOS JUGO.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2011,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":0,"clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["LEOPOLDO PALACIOS JUGO"],"sampleFirms":["HOLLAND & KNIGHT LLP"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Ron%20Klein"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Ron%20Klein","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P174_K000366","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Klein has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ron Klein triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000366"]}],"H001039":[{"id":"P29_H001039_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HALL, John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1641,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Defense Level Playing Field Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1636,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 105) making furthe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1619,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Congratulating Auburn University quarterback and College Park, Georgia, native C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1605,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H001039","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Hall has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John J. Hall triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001039"]}],"M001168":[{"id":"P29_M001168_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MURPHY, Patrick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1636,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 105) making furthe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M001168","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick J. Murphy has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Patrick J. Murphy triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001168"]}],"C001065":[{"id":"P29_C001065_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CARNEY, Chris voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1619,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Congratulating Auburn University quarterback and College Park, Georgia, native C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1606,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 5281) to "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_C001065","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Christopher P. Carney draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.0M PAC / $11.0M total)","explanation":"Christopher P. Carney's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.0M of $11.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.03,"pacSharePct":45.6,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H6PA10109"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA10109/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001264":[{"id":"P29_B001264_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AL D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRIGHT, Bobby Neal, Sr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1636,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 105) making furthe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1613,"date":"2010-12-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To direct the Administrator of General Services to convey a parcel of real prope"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1604,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Recognizing and supporting the efforts of Welcome Back Veterans to augment the s"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B001264","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bobby Bright has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bobby Bright triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001264"]}],"K000370":[{"id":"P29_K000370_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KOSMAS, Suzanne M. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1626,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1609,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Medicare and Medicaid Extenders Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_K000370","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Suzanne M. Kosmas draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.2M PAC / $9.3M total)","explanation":"Suzanne M. Kosmas's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.2M of $9.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.3,"pacSharePct":33.9,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8FL24026"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8FL24026/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000370","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Suzanne M. Kosmas has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Suzanne M. Kosmas triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000370"]}],"S001178":[{"id":"P29_S001178_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHAUER, Mark H. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1647,"date":"2010-12-22","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1636,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 105) making furthe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1608,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify and improve certain provisions"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_S001178","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark H. Schauer draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.9M PAC / $11.2M total)","explanation":"Mark H. Schauer's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.9M of $11.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.24,"pacSharePct":34.6,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8MI07096"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MI07096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S001178","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark H. Schauer has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mark H. Schauer triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001178"]}],"M001174":[{"id":"P29_M001174_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McMAHON, Michael E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1646,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Students from Sexual and Violent Predators Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1644,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"FDA Food Safety Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1605,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M001174","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael E. McMahon draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.7M PAC / $8.4M total)","explanation":"Michael E. McMahon's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.7M of $8.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.72,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.44,"pacSharePct":44,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H8NY13077"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY13077/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001174","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael E. McMahon has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Michael E. McMahon triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001174"]}],"D000609":[{"id":"P29_D000609_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DRIEHAUS, Steve voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1647,"date":"2010-12-22","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1608,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify and improve certain provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1606,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 5281) to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1605,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 3082, making appropriations for military con"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_D000609","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Driehaus draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.0M PAC / $6.8M total)","explanation":"Steve Driehaus's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.0M of $6.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.84,"pacSharePct":44.5,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8OH01068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH01068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_D000609","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Driehaus has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve Driehaus triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000609"]}],"K000372":[{"id":"P29_K000372_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KILROY, Mary Jo voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1644,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"FDA Food Safety Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1630,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2010, Part III"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1626,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1625,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve educational assistance for vet"}],"citations":[]}],"B001263":[{"id":"P29_B001263_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOCCIERI, John A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1646,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Students from Sexual and Violent Predators Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1605,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 3082, making appropriations for military con"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001263","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John A. Boccieri draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.7M PAC / $7.8M total)","explanation":"John A. Boccieri's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.7M of $7.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.74,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.77,"pacSharePct":48.2,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H8OH16058"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH16058/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000716":[{"id":"P29_B000716_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOYD, F. Allen, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1647,"date":"2010-12-22","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1646,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Students from Sexual and Violent Predators Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1636,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 105) making furthe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1633,"date":"2010-12-17","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011"}],"citations":[]}],"W000314":[{"id":"P29_W000314_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WEXLER, Robert voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":985,"date":"2009-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To permit continued financing of Government operations"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":980,"date":"2009-12-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 3326, making appropr"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":973,"date":"2009-12-15","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act of 2009"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":947,"date":"2009-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for the Departments of Transportation, HUD, and related ag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":946,"date":"2009-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R."}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000314","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Wexler has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert Wexler triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000314"]}],"K000180":[{"id":"P29_K000180_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KILPATRICK, Carolyn Cheeks voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1646,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Protecting Students from Sexual and Violent Predators Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1645,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1644,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"FDA Food Safety Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1641,"date":"2010-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Defense Level Playing Field Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1627,"date":"2010-12-16","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to the House amendment to th"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_K000180","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Carolyn C. Kilpatrick draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.4M PAC / $8.6M total)","explanation":"Carolyn C. Kilpatrick's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.4M of $8.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.37,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.61,"pacSharePct":50.7,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H6MI15127"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MI15127/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000575":[{"id":"P29_B000575_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MO R delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BLUNT, Roy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Daniel J. Santos, of Virginia, to be a Member of the Defense Nuclear Facilities "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":646,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Vivek Hallegere Murthy, of Massachusetts, to be Medical Director in the Regular "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_B000575","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roy Blunt ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.7M across 10 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Roy Blunt's FEC-bulk record shows $19.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $64.4M (PAC: $19.7M, individual: $38.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":64.37,"lifetimeIndividualM":38.02,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S0MO00183"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0MO00183/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_B000575","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Roy Blunt ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $64M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Roy Blunt's FEC-bulk record shows $64.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":64.37,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0MO00183"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0MO00183/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_B000575","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roy Blunt draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.7M PAC / $64.4M total)","explanation":"Roy Blunt's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.7M of $64.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":64.37,"pacSharePct":30.6,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"S0MO00183"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0MO00183/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_B000575","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roy Blunt — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Roy Blunt has served 7 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000575","https://www.congress.gov/member/roy-blunt/B000575"]}],"M001178":[{"id":"P29_M001178_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MURPHY, Scott voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1613,"date":"2010-12-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To direct the Administrator of General Services to convey a parcel of real prope"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1606,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 5281) to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1605,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1602,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 3082, making appropriations for military con"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_M001178","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Murphy draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.8M PAC / $11.2M total)","explanation":"Scott Murphy's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.8M of $11.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.24,"pacSharePct":34,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H0NY20079"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY20079/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001178","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Scott Murphy has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Scott Murphy triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001178"]}],"L000090":[{"id":"P29_L000090_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LANTOS, Thomas Peter voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1217,"date":"2008-02-07","sector":"Elections","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"Congratulating Lee Myung-Bak on his election to the Presidency of the Republic o"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1216,"date":"2008-02-07","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend and extend the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purposes"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1211,"date":"2008-02-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"To extend for one year parity in the application of certain limits to mental hea"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1202,"date":"2008-01-29","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":6,"description":"Commending the Louisiana State University Tigers football team for winning the 2"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2008-01-23","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":21,"peerNay":3,"description":"Children’s Health Insurance Program Extension and Improvement"}],"citations":[]}],"B000072":[{"id":"P29_B000072_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with LA R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BAKER, Richard Hugh voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2008-01-23","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Children’s Health Insurance Program Extension and Improvement"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2008-01-23","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Children’s Health Insurance Program Extension and Improvement"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1195,"date":"2008-01-22","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Judge Richard B. Allsbrook Post Office"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2008-01-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1167,"date":"2007-12-18","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"Veterans Guaranteed Bonus Act"}],"citations":[]}],"W000099":[{"id":"P29_W000099_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WALSH, James T. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1865,"date":"2008-12-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Auto Industry Financing and Restructuring Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1844,"date":"2008-09-29","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To prohibit the sale, distribution,transfer, and export of elemental mercury, an"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1837,"date":"2008-09-27","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"United States-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation Enhancemen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1835,"date":"2008-09-26","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making supplemental appropriations for job creation and preservation, infrastruc"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000099","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James T. Walsh has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"James T. Walsh triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000099"]}],"P000555":[{"id":"P29_P000555_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PRYCE, Deborah D. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1853,"date":"2008-10-02","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1844,"date":"2008-09-29","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To prohibit the sale, distribution,transfer, and export of elemental mercury, an"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1843,"date":"2008-09-28","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Military Personnel Citizenship Processing Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1837,"date":"2008-09-27","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"United States-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation Enhancemen"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000555","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deborah Pryce has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Deborah Pryce triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000555"]}],"U000038":[{"id":"P29_U000038_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CO D delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"UDALL, Mark voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_U000038","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark Udall ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $65M across 7 cycles","explanation":"Mark Udall's FEC-bulk record shows $64.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 7 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":64.73,"cycleCount":7,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8CO00172"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8CO00172/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_U000038","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Udall — 80 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Mark Udall sponsored 80 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":80}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"U000039":[{"id":"P29_U000039_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NM D delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"UDALL, Thomas (Tom) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":645,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P82_U000039_2013","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Udall filed 4 amendments to the 2013 Senate annual disclosure — 4 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Tom Udall's Senate eFD record shows 4 amendments to the 2013 report alone, with 4 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2013,"amendmentCount":4,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":4,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/10F7E118-39D0-4B75-9018-6069B0D5390D/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F51D84A0-43AF-4233-B801-A2D048F045E0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/8702DA5F-E888-49B2-9EE0-28D29FD1F0E2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F7F53427-15AC-49AA-86AF-11FBEAF51B8A/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/10F7E118-39D0-4B75-9018-6069B0D5390D/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/F51D84A0-43AF-4233-B801-A2D048F045E0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P198_U000039","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Udall — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Tom Udall has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":116}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/U000039","https://www.congress.gov/member/tom-udall/U000039"]}],"G000280":[{"id":"P29_G000280_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GOODE, Virgil H., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1853,"date":"2008-10-02","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1850,"date":"2008-09-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Small Business Financing Improvements Act of 2008"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1843,"date":"2008-09-28","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Military Personnel Citizenship Processing Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000280","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Goode, Virgil H., Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Goode, Virgil H., Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000280"]}],"H001022":[{"id":"P29_H001022_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HYDE, Henry John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":6,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2006-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1180,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H001022","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry J. Hyde has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Henry J. Hyde triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001022"]}],"L000169":[{"id":"P29_L000169_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IA R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEACH, James Albert Smith voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1176,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Military Commissions Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report on H.R. 5441, Department o"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000169","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. Leach has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"James A. Leach triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000169"]}],"S000005":[{"id":"P29_S000005_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SABO, Martin Olav voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6406, to modify temporarily certain"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":6,"description":"Tax Relief and Health Care Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1192,"date":"2006-12-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Members of the House s"}],"citations":[]}],"T000188":[{"id":"P29_T000188_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"THOMAS, William Marshall voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":13,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":8,"peerNay":10,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":11,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_T000188","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"William M. Thomas has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"William M. Thomas triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000188"]}],"S000303":[{"id":"P29_S000303_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SHAW, Eugene Clay, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":16,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":14,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":6,"peerNay":13,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000303","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shaw, E. Clay, Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Shaw, E. Clay, Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000303"]}],"O000163":[{"id":"P29_O000163_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"OXLEY, Michael Garver voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6406, to modify temporarily certain"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":1,"description":"Tax Relief and Health Care Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"}],"citations":[]}],"B000463":[{"id":"P29_B000463_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BILIRAKIS, Michael voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":16,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":14,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":16,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000463","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Bilirakis has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Michael Bilirakis triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000463"]}],"B000586":[{"id":"P29_B000586_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOEHLERT, Sherwood Louis voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2006-12-09","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":5,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"}],"citations":[]}],"O000159":[{"id":"P29_O000159_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"OWENS, Major Robert Odell voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":7,"peerNay":7,"description":"Tax Relief and Health Care Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":1,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1192,"date":"2006-12-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":13,"description":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Members of the House s"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":2,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2006-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":13,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"}],"citations":[]}],"D000217":[{"id":"P29_D000217_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DeLAY, Thomas Dale voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":918,"date":"2006-06-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for foreign operations, export financing, and related prog"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":894,"date":"2006-06-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":893,"date":"2006-06-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000217","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom DeLay has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tom DeLay triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000217"]}],"K000306":[{"id":"P29_K000306_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KOLBE, James Thomas voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Promotion A"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2007, and for other"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6406, to modify temporarily certain"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"}],"citations":[]}],"C000141":[{"id":"P29_C000141_7pl5zg","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 23 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CARDIN, Benjamin Louis voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 23 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Noel Wise, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern Di"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Labor","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Lauren McGarity McFerran, of the District of Columbia, to be a Member of the Nat"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Cynthia Valenzuela Dixon, of California, to be United States District Judge for "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2024-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah Morgan Davenport, of New Mexico, to be United States District Judge for th"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_C000141","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Benjamin L. Cardin draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.0M PAC / $41.8M total)","explanation":"Benjamin L. Cardin's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.0M of $41.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.98,"lifetimeReceiptsM":41.81,"pacSharePct":31,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"S6MD03177"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6MD03177/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_C000141","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Benjamin L. Cardin — 116 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Benjamin L. Cardin sponsored 116 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":116}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_C000141","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Benjamin L. Cardin — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Benjamin L. Cardin has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000141","https://www.congress.gov/member/benjamin-l.-cardin/C000141"]}],"H000444":[{"id":"P29_H000444_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HEFLEY, Joel M. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6406, to modify temporarily certain"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2006-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1180,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000444","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joel Hefley has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Joel Hefley triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000444"]}],"W000268":[{"id":"P29_W000268_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WELDON, Wayne Curtis (Curt) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":12,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":11,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000268","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Curt Weldon has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Curt Weldon triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000268"]}],"K000358":[{"id":"P29_K000358_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KENNEDY, Mark voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_K000358","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark R. Kennedy has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mark R. Kennedy triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000358"]}],"O000165":[{"id":"P29_O000165_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NE R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"OSBORNE, Thomas voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1192,"date":"2006-12-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Members of the House s"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_O000165","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Osborne has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tom Osborne triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/O000165"]}],"H001033":[{"id":"P29_H001033_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HART, Melissa A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1192,"date":"2006-12-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":1,"description":"Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that Members of the House s"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":12,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":11,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H001033","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Melissa A. Hart has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Melissa A. Hart triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001033"]}],"B001240":[{"id":"P29_B001240_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CO R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BEAUPREZ, Bob voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1180,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B001240","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Beauprez has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bob Beauprez triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001240"]}],"H001035":[{"id":"P29_H001035_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HARRIS, Katherine voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2006-12-09","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":16,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":14,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":16,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_H001035","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katherine Harris (left 2007) registered as LDA lobbyist — 1 clients across 4 filings","explanation":"Katherine Harris left Congress in 2007 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $0 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: BLUE GREEN ALLIANCE.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2007,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":0,"clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["BLUE GREEN ALLIANCE"],"sampleFirms":["BLUE GREEN ALLIANCE"],"filings":4,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Katherine%20Harris"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Katherine%20Harris","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P174_H001035","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Katherine Harris has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Katherine Harris triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001035"]}],"C001052":[{"id":"P29_C001052_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CHOCOLA, Chris voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":7,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":7,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":5,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C001052","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Chocola has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Chris Chocola triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001052"]}],"S001160":[{"id":"P29_S001160_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SODREL, Michael E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":7,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":5,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S001160","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael E. Sodrel has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Michael E. Sodrel triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001160"]}],"S001161":[{"id":"P29_S001161_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHWARZ, John J. H. (Joe) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":7,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":7,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1180,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":4,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":7,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S001161","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J.H. \"Joe\" Schwarz has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John J.H. \"Joe\" Schwarz triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001161"]}],"N000172":[{"id":"P29_N000172_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IA R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NUSSLE, James Allen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2006-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1180,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_N000172","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Nussle has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Nussle triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/N000172"]}],"P000419":[{"id":"P29_P000419_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"POMBO, Richard William voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":13,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":8,"peerNay":10,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":12,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000419","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard W. Pombo has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Richard W. Pombo triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000419"]}],"M000523":[{"id":"P29_M000523_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McKINNEY, Cynthia Ann voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2006-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1176,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Military Commissions Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report on H.R. 5441, Department o"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000523","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia A. McKinney has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Cynthia A. McKinney triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000523"]},{"id":"P195_M000523","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cynthia A. McKinney — DW-NOMINATE -0.53 vs GA delegation mean 0.21 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Cynthia A. McKinney's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.53) is 1.7 standard deviations from the GA delegation mean (0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"GA","memberScore":-0.533,"delegationMean":0.20903703703703705,"zscore":"1.65"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H000413":[{"id":"P29_H000413_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AZ R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAYWORTH, John D., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Tax Relief and Health Care Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000413","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. D. Hayworth has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"J. D. Hayworth triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000413"]}],"F000238":[{"id":"P29_F000238_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FOLEY, Mark A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2006-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":2,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1180,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1176,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Military Commissions Act"}],"citations":[]}],"H000807":[{"id":"P29_H000807_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HOSTETTLER, John Nathan voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6406, to modify temporarily certain"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":1,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":7,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":1,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007"}],"citations":[]}],"G000536":[{"id":"P29_G000536_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GUTKNECHT, Gilbert W. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000536","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gil Gutknecht has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Gil Gutknecht triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000536"]}],"K000078":[{"id":"P29_K000078_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KELLY, Sue W. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2006-12-09","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6406, to modify temporarily certain"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"Requiring the Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report and to"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"}],"citations":[]}],"N000081":[{"id":"P29_N000081_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NEY, Robert William voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2006-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1176,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Military Commissions Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report on H.R. 5441, Department o"}],"citations":[]}],"D000114":[{"id":"P29_D000114_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DAVIS, Jim voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Relating to consideration of the bill H.R. 6111 to amend the Internal Revenue Co"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2006-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1176,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Military Commissions Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report on H.R. 5441, Department o"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_D000114","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Davis (left 2007) registered as LDA lobbyist — 2 clients across 2 filings","explanation":"Jim Davis left Congress in 2007 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $070000.00110000.00 from 2 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: UL LLC D/B/A UL SOLUTIONS, TRANSDIGM GROUP, INC..","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2007,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"070000.00110000.00","clientCount":2,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["UL LLC D/B/A UL SOLUTIONS","TRANSDIGM GROUP, INC."],"sampleFirms":["HOLLAND & KNIGHT LLP"],"filings":2,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jim%20Davis"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jim%20Davis","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P174_D000114","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Davis has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Davis triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000114"]}],"R000566":[{"id":"P29_R000566_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with KS R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RYUN, Jim voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2006-11-13","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"To Authorize the Extension of Nondiscriminatory Treatment (Normal Trade Relation"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1180,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000566","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Ryun has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Ryun triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000566"]}],"J000082":[{"id":"P29_J000082_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JENKINS, William Lewis voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2006-09-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_J000082","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"William L. Jenkins has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"William L. Jenkins triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000082"]}],"S001149":[{"id":"P29_S001149_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SWEENEY, John E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2006-12-09","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Promotion A"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2007, and for other"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6406, to modify temporarily certain"}],"citations":[]}],"S001146":[{"id":"P29_S001146_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SHERWOOD, Don voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill H.R. 6406, to modify temporarily certain"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2006-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":11,"description":"Security and Accountability for Every Port (SAFE) Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1162,"date":"2006-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S001146","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Sherwood has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Don Sherwood triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001146"]}],"B000617":[{"id":"P29_B000617_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BONILLA, Henry voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Promotion A"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2007, and for other"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":6,"peerNay":15,"description":"Tax Relief and Health Care Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":20,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_B000617","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry Bonilla (left 2007) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.02M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Henry Bonilla left Congress in 2007 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $020000.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: ARMED SERVICES YMCA.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2007,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"020000.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["ARMED SERVICES YMCA"],"sampleFirms":["THE NORMANDY GROUP, LLC"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Henry%20Bonilla"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Henry%20Bonilla","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P174_B000617","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry Bonilla has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Henry Bonilla triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000617"]}],"S001166":[{"id":"P29_S001166_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SEKULA GIBBS, Shelley voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Promotion A"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2007, and for other"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To modify temporarily certain rates of duty and make other technical amendments "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1201,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":6,"peerNay":15,"description":"Tax Relief and Health Care Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1190,"date":"2006-11-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":20,"description":"Financial Netting Improvements Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S001166","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shelley Sekula Gibbs has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Shelley Sekula Gibbs triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001166"]}],"C000873":[{"id":"P29_C000873_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CRANE, Philip Miller voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (S. 2986) to amend title 31 of the Unite"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, family housing, and base realig"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000873","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Philip M. Crane has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Philip M. Crane triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000873"]},{"id":"P195_C000873","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Philip M. Crane — DW-NOMINATE 0.74 vs IL delegation mean -0.09 (2.1σ outlier)","explanation":"Philip M. Crane's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.74) is 2.1 standard deviations from the IL delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IL","memberScore":0.739,"delegationMean":-0.09283749999999999,"zscore":"2.14"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"G000132":[{"id":"P29_G000132_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MO D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GEPHARDT, Richard Andrew voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1211,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other pu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal yea"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, family housing, and base realig"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1202,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"DOD Authorization, Fiscal Year 2005"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1175,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending Septembe"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000132","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard A. Gephardt has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Richard A. Gephardt triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000132"]}],"F000392":[{"id":"P29_F000392_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FROST, Jonas Martin voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1211,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other pu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":3,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":4,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5212) making emergency supplementa"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_F000392","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin Frost has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Martin Frost triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000392"]}],"M000249":[{"id":"P29_M000249_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MATSUI, Robert T. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1211,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"To reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other pu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2004-11-17","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":9,"description":"To improve access to physicians in medically underserved areas"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, family housing, and base realig"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1202,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":18,"peerNay":6,"description":"DOD Authorization, Fiscal Year 2005"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000249","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert T. Matsui has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert T. Matsui triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000249"]}],"L000342":[{"id":"P29_L000342_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LIPINSKI, William Oliver voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5212) making emergency supplementa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1172,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2005"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2004-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Military Personnel Financial Services Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000342","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"William O. Lipinski has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"William O. Lipinski triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000342"]}],"B000104":[{"id":"P29_B000104_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BALLENGER, Cass voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (S. 2986) to amend title 31 of the Unite"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2004-11-17","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To improve access to physicians in medically underserved areas"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000104","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cass Ballenger has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Cass Ballenger triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000104"]}],"H000814":[{"id":"P29_H000814_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HOUGHTON, Amory, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (S. 2986) to amend title 31 of the Unite"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":5,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, family housing, and base realig"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1175,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending Septembe"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000814","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Amo Houghton has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Amo Houghton triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000814"]}],"M001145":[{"id":"P29_M001145_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MAJETTE, Denise L. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1202,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"DOD Authorization, Fiscal Year 2005"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Internet Spyware (I-SPY) Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1176,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal yea"}],"citations":[]}],"J000286":[{"id":"P29_J000286_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with SD R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JANKLOW, William J. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":674,"date":"2003-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agenci"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":667,"date":"2003-11-22","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2003-11-22","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":664,"date":"2003-11-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 1; Medic"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":663,"date":"2003-11-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points or order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 1; Medic"}],"citations":[]}],"D000424":[{"id":"P29_D000424_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DOOLEY, Calvin M. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":6,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal yea"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1175,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending Septembe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":16,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5212) making emergency supplementa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2004-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":6,"description":"Military Personnel Financial Services Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P68_D000424","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 12 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$0.6M","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2025) lists ownership of 12 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $550,001. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Commercial Real Estate Investment Descri (Real Estate Commercial, $250,001 - $500,000); Park Cities Income Partners LLC Company: (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), $100,001 - $250,000); Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC Compan (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --); Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC Compan (Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC), --); Sarasota Gateway Retail LLLP Company: Sa (Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP), --).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":12,"totalEstMidpoint":550001,"year":2025,"sample":[{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Investment Description: Commercial Real Estate Investment (Senior Living Facility) (Hampton Cove, AL)","type":"Real Estate Commercial","valueRange":"$250,001 - $500,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"},{"name":"Park Cities Income Partners LLC Company: Park Cities Income Partners LLC (Dallas, TX) Description: Private Credit","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"},{"name":"Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC Company: Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC (Louisville, KY) Description: Holding Company for Commercial Real Estate Investment","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"},{"name":"Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC Company: Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC (Louisville, KY) Description: Holding Company for Commercial Real Estate Invesment","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"},{"name":"Sarasota Gateway Retail LLLP Company: Sarasota Gateway LLLP (Sarasota, FL) Description: Owns Real Estate Investments Filer comment: LLLP Valuation is $15,000 to $50,000. Total income is $5,000 to $15,000.","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","valueRange":"--","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P70_D000424","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Other (Manager) at Montlac Advisors LLC Clayton, GA","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Manager) at Montlac Advisors LLC Clayton, GA (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Feb 2024 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Montlac Advisors LLC Clayton, GA","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_D000424","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$125,484 in outside earned income — top source: MONTLAC ADVISORS LLC Clayton, Georgia ($$125,484.00)","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $125,484 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: MONTLAC ADVISORS LLC Clayton, Georgia ($125,484.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":125484,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"MONTLAC ADVISORS LLC Clayton, Georgia","amount":"$125,484.00","amountNumeric":125484}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_D000424","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: India","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — India. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: India → Fairfax India Holdings Corporation FFXDF ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":1,"countries":["India"],"byCountry":{"India":[{"assetName":"Fairfax India Holdings Corporation FFXDF","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley discloses 1 private-company / restricted stock position — Dooley Properties Inc. Company: Dooley Properties Inc. (Athens, GA) Description:…","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 1 qualifying instrument: 0 speculative + 1 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: Dooley Properties Inc. Company: Dooley Properties Inc. (Athe.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":1,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"Dooley Properties Inc. Company: Dooley Properties Inc. (Athens, GA) Description: Real Estate Investment Company","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley discloses 24 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 24 unascertainable, 17% of 142 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 24 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 24 unascertainable) across 142 total reported assets — 17% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Fidelity Individual Brokerage Account (--) · Fidelity Traditional IRA (--) · Fidelity SEP IRA (--) · Fidelity Roth IRA (--) · Fidelity Traditional IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":24,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":24,"totalAssets":142,"opaqueRatio":0.169,"samples":[{"asset":"Fidelity Individual Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Traditional IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity SEP IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Traditional IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley discloses 15 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 15 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: HTLD - Heartland Express · Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC Company: Hampton Cove Heal · Commercial Real Estate Investment Description: Commercial Re · Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC Company: Hopkinsville Seni.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":15,"properties":[{"name":"HTLD - Heartland Express","type":"Corporate Securities Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC Company: Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC (Louisville, KY) Description: Hol","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Investment Description: Commercial Real Estate Investment (Senior Living Facility) (Ham","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"name":"Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC Company: Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC (Louisville, KY) Description: Hol","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Investment Description: Commercial Real Estate Investment (Senior Living Facility) (Hop","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Dooley Properties Inc. Company: Dooley Properties Inc. (Athens, GA) Description: Real Estate Investment Compan","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Sarasota Gateway Retail LLLP Company: Sarasota Gateway LLLP (Sarasota, FL) Description: Owns Real Estate Inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate #1 Description: Commercial Real Estate #1 (Sarasota, FL) Filer comment: Valuation and i","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"Unascertainable"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P85_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P85_PFD_ALT_ASSET_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley discloses 3 alternative-asset stakes (PE / hedge fund / LP / private credit) on 2025 PFD","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 3 alternative-asset holdings — hedge funds, private-equity stakes, venture-capital partnerships, limited partnerships, or directly-held LLC interests. Alt assets are typically illiquid, high-fee, and structurally opaque (no daily mark-to-market, no public price). They are also the favored vehicles for wealth concealment, tax deferral, and access to insider deal flow that retail investors cannot reach. Senate Banking and Finance committees regulate the carried-interest tax break, qualified small business stock (QSBS) rules, and SEC private-fund rules — all directly relevant to senators with alt-asset exposure. Sample holdings: Park Cities Income Partners LLC Company: Park Cities Income  · Sarasota Gateway Retail LLLP Company: Sarasota Gateway LLLP  · Maxfield Property LLLP Company: Maxfield Property LLLP (Sara.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_alt_assets","year":"2025","altHoldingCount":3,"holdings":[{"name":"Park Cities Income Partners LLC Company: Park Cities Income Partners LLC (Dallas, TX) Description: Private Cre","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Sarasota Gateway Retail LLLP Company: Sarasota Gateway LLLP (Sarasota, FL) Description: Owns Real Estate Inves","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--"},{"name":"Maxfield Property LLLP Company: Maxfield Property LLLP (Sarasota, FL) Description: Owns real estate investment","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.sec.gov/divisions/investment/private-funds-rules"]},{"id":"P87_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 PFD: 58 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (41% of 143 reported assets)","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 58 reported holdings owned by Spouse (24), Joint (34), or Dependent (0) — 41% of 143 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Origin Bank (Ruston, LA) Type: Checking · Joint: Fidelity Individual Brokerage Account · Joint: Fidelity Government Cash Reserves FDRXX (Boston, MA) Type: Money Market Account · Spouse: Fidelity Traditional IRA.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":24,"Joint":34,"Dependent":0,"Self":84},"totalAssets":143,"familyShare":0.406,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Origin Bank (Ruston, LA) Type: Checking","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Fidelity Individual Brokerage Account","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Fidelity Government Cash Reserves FDRXX (Boston, MA) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Fidelity Traditional IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"0IXZ - BOLLORE SA EUR16","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P91_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley (California) discloses 14 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Florida (9)","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley represents California but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 14 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than California (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Florida: 9 · Kentucky: 3 · Alabama: 1 · Georgia: 1. Sample: Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC Company: Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC (Louisville, KY) Descri (Kentucky) · Commercial Real Estate Investment Description: Commercial Real Estate Investment (Senior Living Faci (Alabama) · Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC Company: Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC (Louisville, KY) Descri (Kentucky).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"California","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":14,"byState":{"FL":9,"KY":3,"AL":1,"GA":1},"samples":[{"name":"Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC Company: Hampton Cove Health Partners, LLC (Louisville, KY) Descri","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"KY"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Investment Description: Commercial Real Estate Investment (Senior Living Faci","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"$250,001 - $500,000","state":"AL"},{"name":"Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC Company: Hopkinsville Senior Partners, LLC (Louisville, KY) Descri","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Company (LLC)","value":"--","state":"KY"},{"name":"Commercial Real Estate Investment Description: Commercial Real Estate Investment (Senior Living Faci","type":"Real Estate Commercial","value":"None (or less than $1,001)","state":"KY"},{"name":"Dooley Properties Inc. Company: Dooley Properties Inc. (Athens, GA) Description: Real Estate Investm","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"GA"},{"name":"Sarasota Gateway Retail LLLP Company: Sarasota Gateway LLLP (Sarasota, FL) Description: Owns Real Es","type":"Business Entity Limited Liability Limited Partnership (LLLP)","value":"--","state":"FL"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 PFD lists 1 entity bearing the surname \"Dooley\" — top: Dooley Properties Inc. Company: Dooley","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 1 entity whose name includes the senator's surname \"Dooley\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Dooley Properties Inc. Company: Dooley (asset).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Dooley","count":1,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Dooley Properties Inc. Company: Dooley Properties Inc. (Athens, GA) Description: Real Estate Investm","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 2 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — JNJ ($10.9M), KO ($2.0M)","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $12.9M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: JNJ ($10.9M, 58 filings) · KO ($2.0M, 10 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalLobbyAcrossM":12.9,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JNJ","totalLobby":10940000,"recordCount":58,"topClient":"JOHNSON & JOHNSON SERVICES INC."},{"ticker":"KO","totalLobby":1960000,"recordCount":10,"topClient":"THE COCA-COLA COMPANY"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P112_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P112_PFD_SIN_INDUSTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 1 sin-industry ticker on 2025 PFD across 1 category — Alcohol (TAP)","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in sin / vice / controversial industries across 1 category: Alcohol — TAP. These industries are subject to ongoing federal regulatory debate and aligned with specific committee jurisdictions: tobacco (FDA Center for Tobacco Products, federal excise tax), alcohol (TTB regulation), gambling (state-by-state but federal sports-betting / online-poker debates), firearms (ATF rules, gun-control legislation in Senate Judiciary), private prisons (BOP contracts, ICE detention contracts, criminal-justice reform), and coal (EPA emissions rules, Mining Safety, federal-lands leases). When a senator holds these positions while voting on related legislation, the personal-portfolio conflict is direct and visible to constituents.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sin_industry","year":"2025","industries":[{"industry":"Alcohol","holdings":[{"ticker":"TAP","asset":"TAP - Molson Coors Beverage Company Class B Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}]}],"totalCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products","https://www.atf.gov/"]},{"id":"P117_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 1 agribusiness ticker on 2025 PFD — POST","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 agribusiness stock holding — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: POST (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"POST","asset":"POST - Post Holdings, Inc. Common Stock","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P118_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P118_PFD_INSURANCE_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 1 insurance ticker on 2025 PFD — L","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US insurers — property-casualty, life insurance, brokerage, or reinsurance firms (Allstate, Progressive, Travelers, Chubb, AIG, Hartford, MetLife, Prudential, Berkshire, Marsh & McLennan, Aon). Federal flood insurance reauthorization (NFIP) is a recurring legislative pressure point; TRIA renewal happens every 7 years; Federal Flood Insurance solvency directly affects every property-casualty insurer's reinsurance requirements. Holdings: L ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_insurance_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"L","asset":"L - Loews Corporation Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onInsCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.fema.gov/flood-insurance"]},{"id":"P119_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2025 PFD — LBRDK","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: LBRDK ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"LBRDK","asset":"LBRDK - Liberty Broadband Corp Sr C","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 1 oil/gas ticker on 2025 PFD — HAL","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: HAL ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"HAL","asset":"HAL - HAL TRUST","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 1 pharma/biotech ticker on 2025 PFD — JNJ","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: JNJ ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P127_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P127_PFD_ASSET_MANAGER_HOLDING_BANKING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 1 asset-manager / PE-firm ticker on 2025 PFD — AMG","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major asset managers, alternative-investment managers, broker-dealers, or exchange operators (BlackRock BLK, Blackstone BX, KKR, Apollo APO, Carlyle CG, Ares ARES, T Rowe Price TROW, Invesco IVZ, Schwab SCHW, Nasdaq NDAQ, ICE, CME). Asset managers' profitability hinges on policy decisions like the carried-interest loophole (which Senate Finance has repeatedly debated closing) and SEC private-fund rules. Holdings: AMG ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset_manager_banking","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMG","asset":"AMG - Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"onAssetMgrCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P130_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P130_PFD_SECTOR_CONCENTRATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 PFD: 50% of 8 classified ticker holdings in Energy (4/8)","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows ticker-holding concentration in a single sector — 4 of 8 classified holdings (50%) are in Energy. Concentration is the inverse of diversification: when a senator's portfolio leans this heavily toward one industry, every regulatory decision affecting that industry has outsized impact on their personal balance sheet. The senator's wealth tracks Energy-sector beta directly — federal-policy shocks to Energy (taxes, regulations, antitrust enforcement, subsidies, sanctions) move their net worth more than they would for a diversified portfolio. Sector breakdown: Energy (4) · Healthcare (3) · Staples (1).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sector_concentration","year":"2025","totalClassified":8,"sectorCounts":{"Energy":4,"Healthcare":3,"Staples":1},"topSector":"Energy","concentration":0.5,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_D000424","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $6.2M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $6.2M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 143; earned-income on first filing: $126,484.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":6215468.5,"assetCount":143,"earnedIncome":126484,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P159_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley holds 2 non-US-domiciled stocks on 2025 PFD across 2 countries — NSRGY (Switzerland), UL (United Kingdom)","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 2 countries (Switzerland, United Kingdom). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: NSRGY (Switzerland, $50,001 - $100,000) · UL (United Kingdom, $15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":2,"countries":["Switzerland","United Kingdom"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"NSRGY","country":"Switzerland","asset":"Nestle ADR (NSRGY)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"UL","country":"United Kingdom","asset":"UL - Unilever Plc ADR","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P161_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 PFD includes 2 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: RFFTX - American Funds 2035 Target Date Retirement Fd Cl · Target Date 2035 Fund MSCI All Country World Index Benchmark.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"RFFTX - American Funds 2035 Target Date Retirement Fd Cl","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Target Date 2035 Fund MSCI All Country World Index Benchmark","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $6.2M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $6.2M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":6215468.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_D000424_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Calvin M. Dooley — 68 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Calvin M. Dooley's 2025 Senate PFD shows 68 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":68,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/9e8b5494-1ad2-4eb9-a781-5c701070cf3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C000640":[{"id":"P29_C000640_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COLLINS, Michael Allen (Mac) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1216,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1211,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other pu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000640","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mac Collins has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mac Collins triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000640"]}],"Q000016":[{"id":"P29_Q000016_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"QUINN, John Francis (Jack) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1216,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1211,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other pu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"}],"citations":[]}],"G000439":[{"id":"P29_G000439_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GREENWOOD, James Charles voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (S. 2986) to amend title 31 of the Unite"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal yea"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1202,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":1,"description":"DOD Authorization, Fiscal Year 2005"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"}],"citations":[]}],"M000316":[{"id":"P29_M000316_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MO D delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McCARTHY, Karen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1216,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2004-11-17","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"To improve access to physicians in medically underserved areas"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal yea"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, family housing, and base realig"}],"citations":[]}],"B001135":[{"id":"P29_B001135_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BURR, Richard M. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Colette Dodson Honorable, of Arkansas, to be a Member of the Federal Energy Regu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_B001135","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Burr ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $21.8M across 14 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Richard Burr's FEC-bulk record shows $21.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 14 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $75.2M (PAC: $21.8M, individual: $41.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":21.78,"lifetimeReceiptsM":75.19,"lifetimeIndividualM":41.28,"cycleCount":14,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S4NC00089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4NC00089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_B001135","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Burr ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $75M across 14 cycles","explanation":"Richard Burr's FEC-bulk record shows $75.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 14 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":75.19,"cycleCount":14,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4NC00089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4NC00089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_B001135","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Burr — 127 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Richard Burr sponsored 127 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":127}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_B001135","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Burr — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Richard Burr has served 7 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001135","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-burr/B001135"]}],"N000051":[{"id":"P29_N000051_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NETHERCUTT, George R., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2004-11-17","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To improve access to physicians in medically underserved areas"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1204,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal yea"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1203,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making appropriations for military construction, family housing, and base realig"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1175,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending Septembe"}],"citations":[]}],"S000044":[{"id":"P29_S000044_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SANDLIN, Max A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":3,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1173,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":4,"description":"Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5212) making emergency supplementa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1170,"date":"2004-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":0,"description":"Military Personnel Financial Services Protection Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000044","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Max Sandlin has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Max Sandlin triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000044"]}],"F000441":[{"id":"P29_F000441_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with KY R delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FLETCHER, Ernest L. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2003-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":667,"date":"2003-11-22","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":664,"date":"2003-11-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 1; Medic"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":663,"date":"2003-11-21","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Waiving points or order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 1; Medic"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2003-11-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2004, and for other"}],"citations":[]}],"V000127":[{"id":"P29_V000127_7pl5yq","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with LA R delegation on 18 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"VITTER, David voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 18 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Daniel J. Santos, of Virginia, to be a Member of the Defense Nuclear Facilities "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_V000127","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Vitter (left 2017, Senate) registered as LDA lobbyist — 3 clients across 3 filings","explanation":"David Vitter left Congress in 2017 (Senate) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $030000.0050000.0050000.00 from 3 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: ENDEAVOR ENERGY HOLDINGS LLC, CABOT CORPORATION, ANIMAL WELLNESS ACTION.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2017,"chamber":"Senate","totalLobbyIncome":"030000.0050000.0050000.00","clientCount":3,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["ENDEAVOR ENERGY HOLDINGS LLC","CABOT CORPORATION","ANIMAL WELLNESS ACTION"],"sampleFirms":["MERCURY PUBLIC AFFAIRS, LLC"],"filings":3,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=David%20Vitter"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=David%20Vitter","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P181_V000127","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David Vitter — 179 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"David Vitter sponsored 179 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":179}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"H001031":[{"id":"P29_H001031_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HOEFFEL, Joseph M. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1216,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1214,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany the bill (H.R"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1211,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other pu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1210,"date":"2004-11-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2004-11-17","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To improve access to physicians in medically underserved areas"}],"citations":[]}],"T000058":[{"id":"P29_T000058_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with LA R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TAUZIN, Wilbert Joseph (Billy) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1202,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"DOD Authorization, Fiscal Year 2005"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2004-10-08","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4200, Na"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1177,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Technology","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Internet Spyware (I-SPY) Prevention Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1176,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal yea"}],"citations":[]}],"S000394":[{"id":"P29_S000394_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SHUSTER, E. G. (Bud) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1186,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":1,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"B000619":[{"id":"P29_B000619_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BONIOR, David Edward voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":969,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Department of Defense Authorization Act for FY 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":966,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":964,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Military Construction Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":963,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":960,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000619","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David E. Bonior has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"David E. Bonior triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000619"]}],"H000074":[{"id":"P29_H000074_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HALL, Tony Patrick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"2002-09-04","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Education Savings and School Excellence Permanence Act of 2002"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":876,"date":"2002-07-27","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"Andean Trade Preference Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"2002-07-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"Homeland Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":856,"date":"2002-07-25","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":6,"description":"Department of Defense Authorization Act for FY 2003"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000074","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tony P. Hall has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tony P. Hall triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000074"]}],"C000846":[{"id":"P29_C000846_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COYNE, William Joseph voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":972,"date":"2002-10-16","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Health Care Safety Net Amendments"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":971,"date":"2002-10-16","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 18, United States Code, to make it illegal to operate a motor veh"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":969,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Department of Defense Authorization Act for FY 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":966,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":964,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Military Construction Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2003"}],"citations":[]}],"B000644":[{"id":"P29_B000644_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BORSKI, Robert Anthony, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":989,"date":"2002-11-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":982,"date":"2002-11-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Homeland Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":975,"date":"2002-10-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000644","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert A. Borski has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert A. Borski triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000644"]}],"T000350":[{"id":"P29_T000350_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TRAFICANT, James A., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":847,"date":"2002-07-24","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":840,"date":"2002-07-23","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Pipeline Infrastructure Protection to Enhance Security and Safety Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":834,"date":"2002-07-23","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"2002 Supplemental Appropriations Act for Further Recovery From and Response To T"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_T000350","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Traficant, James A., Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Traficant, James A., Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000350"]}],"M000628":[{"id":"P29_M000628_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MEEK, Carrie P. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":986,"date":"2002-11-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for the Consideration of the Senate Amendments to H.R. 5063, Armed For"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":983,"date":"2002-11-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Homeland Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":981,"date":"2002-11-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 5710; to establish a Department of Homeland "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":971,"date":"2002-10-16","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend title 18, United States Code, to make it illegal to operate a motor veh"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":966,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000628","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carrie P. Meek has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Carrie P. Meek triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000628"]},{"id":"P195_M000628","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carrie P. Meek — DW-NOMINATE -0.48 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Carrie P. Meek's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.48) is 1.7 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.483,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.68"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B000134":[{"id":"P29_B000134_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BARCIA, James A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":983,"date":"2002-11-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Homeland Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":980,"date":"2002-11-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003, and for other"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":971,"date":"2002-10-16","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend title 18, United States Code, to make it illegal to operate a motor veh"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":967,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":962,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 5010 mak"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000134","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. Barcia has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"James A. Barcia triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000134"]}],"M000212":[{"id":"P29_M000212_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MASCARA, Frank R. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":983,"date":"2002-11-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Homeland Security Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":976,"date":"2002-10-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":967,"date":"2002-10-10","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":957,"date":"2002-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Armed Forces Tax Fairness Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":956,"date":"2002-10-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000212","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Mascara has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank Mascara triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000212"]}],"C000488":[{"id":"P29_C000488_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MO D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CLAY, William Lacy, Sr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1193,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1191,"date":"2000-10-31","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1167,"date":"2000-10-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000488","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"William (Bill) Clay has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"William (Bill) Clay triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000488"]},{"id":"P195_C000488","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William (Bill) Clay — DW-NOMINATE -0.49 vs MO delegation mean 0.17 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"William (Bill) Clay's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.49) is 1.5 standard deviations from the MO delegation mean (0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MO","memberScore":-0.49,"delegationMean":0.17192307692307693,"zscore":"1.53"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"A000215":[{"id":"P29_A000215_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TX R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ARCHER, William Reynolds, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":19,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"G000291":[{"id":"P29_G000291_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GOODLING, William Franklin voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":12,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"}],"citations":[]}],"P000444":[{"id":"P29_P000444_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PORTER, John Edward voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":6,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"B000556":[{"id":"P29_B000556_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with VA R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BLILEY, Thomas Jerome, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":6,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"M000350":[{"id":"P29_M000350_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McCOLLUM, Ira William, Jr. (Bill) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":8,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"M000206":[{"id":"P29_M000206_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MARTÍNEZ, Matthew G. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":9,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":19,"peerNay":5,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":11,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1191,"date":"2000-10-31","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":22,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":9,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"}],"citations":[]}],"P000005":[{"id":"P29_P000005_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PACKARD, Ronald C. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":7,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":8,"peerNay":10,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"}],"citations":[]}],"P000326":[{"id":"P29_P000326_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PICKETT, Owen Bradford voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1191,"date":"2000-10-31","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000326","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Owen B. Pickett has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Owen B. Pickett triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000326"]}],"C000100":[{"id":"P29_C000100_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CAMPBELL, Thomas J. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":7,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1193,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":4,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"E000282":[{"id":"P29_E000282_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IL R delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"EWING, Thomas W. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":6,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"}],"citations":[]}],"B000179":[{"id":"P29_B000179_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NE R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BARRETT, William E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"F000328":[{"id":"P29_F000328_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FOWLER, Tillie Kidd voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":8,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"C000107":[{"id":"P29_C000107_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CANADY, Charles Terrance voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":8,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1193,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":14,"peerNay":4,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1191,"date":"2000-10-31","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":15,"peerNay":3,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"M000795":[{"id":"P29_M000795_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MINGE, David R. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1191,"date":"2000-10-31","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1184,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1178,"date":"2000-10-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"T000024":[{"id":"P29_T000024_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MO R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TALENT, James Matthes voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Kent A. Jordan, of Delaware, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Cir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":635,"date":"2006-11-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To make the waiver authority of the President contingent upon a certification th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":634,"date":"2006-11-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To require as a precondition to United States-India peaceful atomic energy coope"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2006-11-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To declare that it is the policy of the United States to continue to support imp"}],"citations":[]}],"D000046":[{"id":"P29_D000046_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MO D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DANNER, Patsy Ann (Pat) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1193,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000046","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pat Danner has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Pat Danner triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000046"]}],"F000349":[{"id":"P29_F000349_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NJ R delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FRANKS, Robert Douglas voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1193,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1191,"date":"2000-10-31","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"L000155":[{"id":"P29_L000155_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LAZIO, Enrico A. (Rick) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":5,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":5,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":6,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"K000270":[{"id":"P29_K000270_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KLINK, Ronald voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"C000345":[{"id":"P29_C000345_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with ID R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CHENOWETH-HAGE, Helen P. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1179,"date":"2000-10-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1169,"date":"2000-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1166,"date":"2000-10-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Small Business Investment Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1163,"date":"2000-10-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 4942; D."}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000345","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Helen Chenoweth-Hage has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Helen Chenoweth-Hage triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000345"]}],"F000257":[{"id":"P29_F000257_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FORBES, Michael Patrick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":4,"peerNay":5,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1198,"date":"2000-11-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":13,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P68_F000257","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 9 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$2.1M","explanation":"Michael P. Forbes's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2026) lists ownership of 9 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $2,050,004.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Pasture Description: rent to cow/calf ow (Farm/Ranch, $500,001 - $1,000,000); house Description: Single Family Home (P (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); house Description: Single Family Home (P (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewe (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); house Description: Single Family Home (S (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":9,"totalEstMidpoint":2050004.5,"year":2026,"sample":[{"name":"Pasture Description: rent to cow/calf owners (Palmer, Nebraska)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"},{"name":"Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (St Paul, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P71_F000257","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$38,048.96 in outside earned income — top source: Paxton New Life Bible Church Paxton, Nebraska ($$38,048.96)","explanation":"Michael P. Forbes's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $38,048.96 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Paxton New Life Bible Church Paxton, Nebraska ($38,048.96, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":38048.96,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Paxton New Life Bible Church Paxton, Nebraska","amount":"$38,048.96","amountNumeric":38048.96}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_F000257_2026","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael P. Forbes discloses 9 real estate holdings on 2026 Senate PFD","explanation":"Michael P. Forbes's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 9 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking · house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska) · house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska) · Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2026","propertyCount":9,"properties":[{"name":"Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (St Paul, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Mill 1 Description: Single Family Home (Dannebrog, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Mill 2 Description: Single Family Home (Dannebrog, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Copenhagen Description: Single Family Home (Dannebrog, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_F000257_2026","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael P. Forbes's 2026 PFD: 16 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (73% of 22 reported assets)","explanation":"Michael P. Forbes's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 16 reported holdings owned by Spouse (7), Joint (9), or Dependent (0) — 73% of 22 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking · Joint: Western Nebraska Bank (Paxton, Nebraska) Type: Checking · Joint: house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska) · Joint: Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2026","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":7,"Joint":9,"Dependent":0,"Self":5},"totalAssets":22,"familyShare":0.727,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Western Nebraska Bank (Paxton, Nebraska) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"house Description: Single Family Home (St Paul, Nebraska)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P91_F000257_2026","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael P. Forbes (New York) discloses 9 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Nebraska (9)","explanation":"Michael P. Forbes represents New York but their 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 9 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than New York (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Nebraska: 9. Sample: Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking (Nebraska) · house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska) (Nebraska) · house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska) (Nebraska).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2026","memberState":"New York","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":9,"byState":{"NE":9},"samples":[{"name":"Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (St Paul, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"Mill 1 Description: Single Family Home (Dannebrog, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_F000257_2026","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael P. Forbes's 2026 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $3.0M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Michael P. Forbes's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $3.0M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2026","totalAssetMid":2999009.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_F000257_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael P. Forbes's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Michael P. Forbes's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]}],"C000560":[{"id":"P29_C000560_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OK R delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COBURN, Thomas Allen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Colette Dodson Honorable, of Arkansas, to be a Member of the Federal Energy Regu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]}],"M000669":[{"id":"P29_M000669_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"METCALF, Jack voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"R000386":[{"id":"P29_R000386_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROGAN, James E. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1208,"date":"2000-12-08","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1207,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":7,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":8,"peerNay":10,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"}],"citations":[]}],"P000171":[{"id":"P29_P000171_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IN R delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PEASE, Edward Allan voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1209,"date":"2000-12-15","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1206,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Making further continuing appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":9,"peerNay":1,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":7,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"}],"citations":[]}],"S000770":[{"id":"P29_S000770_7pl5yq","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 18 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"STABENOW, Deborah Ann voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 18 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Noel Wise, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern Di"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2024-12-11","sector":"Labor","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Lauren McGarity McFerran, of the District of Columbia, to be a Member of the Nat"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2024-12-10","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Cynthia Valenzuela Dixon, of California, to be United States District Judge for "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2024-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Anthony J. Brindisi, of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_S000770","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Debbie Stabenow ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.4M across 19 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Debbie Stabenow's FEC-bulk record shows $24.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $118.0M (PAC: $24.4M, individual: $84.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":117.99,"lifetimeIndividualM":84,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S8MI00281"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MI00281/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_S000770","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Debbie Stabenow ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $118M across 19 cycles","explanation":"Debbie Stabenow's FEC-bulk record shows $118.0M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":117.99,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8MI00281"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MI00281/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_S000770","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Stabenow — 96 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Debbie Stabenow sponsored 96 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":96}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_S000770","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Stabenow — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Debbie Stabenow has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000770","https://www.congress.gov/member/debbie-stabenow/S000770"]}],"C000722":[{"id":"P29_C000722_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with UT R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COOK, Merrill voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1168,"date":"2000-10-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"District of Columbia Appropriations for F.Y. 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"K000357":[{"id":"P29_K000357_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KUYKENDALL, Steven T. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1197,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":12,"peerNay":6,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1196,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":11,"peerNay":7,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1187,"date":"2000-10-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":8,"peerNay":10,"description":"Providing for consideration of certain joint resolutions making further continui"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1182,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":10,"peerNay":5,"description":"Making Appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2001"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1181,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":5,"peerNay":10,"description":"Further Continuing Appropriations for FY 2001"}],"citations":[]}],"D000222":[{"id":"P29_D000222_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DELLUMS, Ronald V. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"1998-02-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Disapproving the cancellations on Military Construction"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"1998-02-05","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"Prohibition on Federal Education Funds on National Testing"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"1998-02-04","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"A Resolution Concerning Attorneys’ Fees, Costs, and Sanctions Payable by the Whi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"1997-11-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Commerce, State, Justice, the Judiciary Appropriations, FY 1998"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":629,"date":"1997-11-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report on H.R. 2267; Commerce, Ju"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000222","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ronald V. Dellums has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ronald V. Dellums triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000222"]},{"id":"P185_D000222","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ronald V. Dellums — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Ronald V. Dellums served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000222","https://www.congress.gov/member/ronald-v-dellums/D000222"]},{"id":"P200_D000222","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ronald V. Dellums — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–105)","explanation":"Ronald V. Dellums began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000222","https://www.congress.gov/member/ronald-v-dellums/D000222"]}],"B001066":[{"id":"P29_B001066_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with KY R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BUNNING, James Paul David voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2010-12-13","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to authorize the cancellation of removal and adjustment of status of cert"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A resolution impeaching G. Thomas Porteous, Jr., judge of the United States Dist"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B001066","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Bunning draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.1M PAC / $23.0M total)","explanation":"Jim Bunning's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.1M of $23.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.02,"pacSharePct":35.3,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"S8KY00118"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8KY00118/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001066","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Bunning has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Bunning triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001066"]}],"G000153":[{"id":"P29_G000153_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GIBBONS, Sam Melville voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1283,"date":"1996-09-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"George Bush School of Government and Public Service"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1281,"date":"1996-09-17","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To confer Honorary Citizenship of the United States on Mother Teresa"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1272,"date":"1996-09-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Small Business Act and the Small Business Investment Act of 1958"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000153","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Gibbons has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sam Gibbons triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000153"]},{"id":"P185_G000153","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sam Gibbons — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"Sam Gibbons served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000153","https://www.congress.gov/member/sam-gibbons/G000153"]},{"id":"P200_G000153","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Gibbons — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–104)","explanation":"Sam Gibbons began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000153","https://www.congress.gov/member/sam-gibbons/G000153"]}],"D000203":[{"id":"P29_D000203_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"de la GARZA, Eligio, II (Kika) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1285,"date":"1996-09-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Transportation Appropriations for F.Y. 1997"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1279,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Energy and Water Appropriations, FY 1997"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1278,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Exports, Jobs, and Growth Act of 1996"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1276,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Student Debt Reduction Act of 1996"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1275,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Monitoring of Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P185_D000203","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"E. de la Garza — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"E. de la Garza served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000203","https://www.congress.gov/member/e-de-la-garza/D000203"]},{"id":"P200_D000203","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"E. de la Garza — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–104)","explanation":"E. de la Garza began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000203","https://www.congress.gov/member/e-de-la-garza/D000203"]}],"W000570":[{"id":"P29_W000570_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WILSON, Charles voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1309,"date":"1996-09-26","sector":"Labor","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Congressional Pension Forfeiture Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1303,"date":"1996-09-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Private Security Officer Quality Assurance Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1301,"date":"1996-09-26","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"N","peerYea":7,"peerNay":0,"description":"Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1297,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Immigration Act of 1995"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1292,"date":"1996-09-24","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"VA-HUD Appropriations, FY 1997"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000570","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Wilson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Charles Wilson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000570"]},{"id":"P185_W000570","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Wilson — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Charles Wilson served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000570","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-wilson/W000570"]},{"id":"P200_W000570","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Wilson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–104)","explanation":"Charles Wilson began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000570","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-wilson/W000570"]}],"M000794":[{"id":"P29_M000794_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MINETA, Norman Y. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"1995-09-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Defense Department Authorization, FY 1996"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"1995-09-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Defense Department Authorization, FY 1996"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"1995-09-20","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"National Highway System Designation Act of 1995"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":661,"date":"1995-09-20","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Providing for consideration of H.R. 2274; National Highway System Designation Ac"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"1995-09-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"Department of Defense Appropriationms, FY 1996"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000794","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norman Y. Mineta has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Norman Y. Mineta triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000794"]},{"id":"P185_M000794","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norman Y. Mineta — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Norman Y. Mineta served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000794","https://www.congress.gov/member/norman-y-mineta/M000794"]},{"id":"P200_M000794","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norman Y. Mineta — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–104)","explanation":"Norman Y. Mineta began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000794","https://www.congress.gov/member/norman-y-mineta/M000794"]}],"B000997":[{"id":"P29_B000997_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRYANT, John Wiley voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1283,"date":"1996-09-17","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"George Bush School of Government and Public Service"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1279,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Energy and Water Appropriations, FY 1997"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1278,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Exports, Jobs, and Growth Act of 1996"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1276,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Student Debt Reduction Act of 1996"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1275,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"Monitoring of Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000997","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Bryant has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John W. Bryant triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000997"]}],"T000317":[{"id":"P29_T000317_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TORRICELLI, Robert Guy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":633,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_T000317","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert G. Torricelli has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert G. Torricelli triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000317"]}],"J000187":[{"id":"P29_J000187_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JOHNSTON, Harry A., II voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1309,"date":"1996-09-26","sector":"Labor","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Congressional Pension Forfeiture Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1303,"date":"1996-09-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Private Security Officer Quality Assurance Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1301,"date":"1996-09-26","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Drug-Induced Rape Prevention and Punishment Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1297,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Immigration Act of 1995"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1292,"date":"1996-09-24","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"VA-HUD Appropriations, FY 1997"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_J000187","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harry Johnston has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Harry Johnston triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000187"]}],"L000119":[{"id":"P29_L000119_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LAUGHLIN, Gregory H. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1318,"date":"1996-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":7,"description":"State Authority Tax Compensation Act"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1299,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize States to deny public "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1298,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"Immigration Act of 1995"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1297,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Immigration Act of 1995"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1296,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":7,"description":"Waiving points of order against the conference report to accompany H.R. 2202; Im"}],"citations":[]}],"G000134":[{"id":"P29_G000134_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GEREN, Preston M. (Pete) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1299,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize States to deny public "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1298,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"Immigration Act of 1995"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1297,"date":"1996-09-25","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Immigration Act of 1995"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1292,"date":"1996-09-24","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"VA-HUD Appropriations, FY 1997"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1274,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"Immigration Act of 1995"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000134","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Geren has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Pete Geren triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000134"]}],"H001015":[{"id":"P29_H001015_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AR R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HUTCHINSON, Timothy voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":633,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H001015","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Hutchinson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tim Hutchinson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001015"]}],"T000405":[{"id":"P29_T000405_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TUCKER, Walter R., III voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":840,"date":"1995-12-14","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Deployment of U.S. Armed Forces to Bosnia"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":839,"date":"1995-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Relating to the deployment of United States Armed Forces in Bosnia"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":838,"date":"1995-12-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To prohibit Federal funds from being used for deployment on the ground of U.S. A"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":834,"date":"1995-12-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Waiving points of order against the further conference report on H.R. 1977, Inte"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":831,"date":"1995-12-13","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Providing for consideration of a motion to dispose of the remaining Senate amend"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_T000405","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tucker, Walter R., III has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tucker, Walter R., III triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000405"]}],"R000178":[{"id":"P29_R000178_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"REYNOLDS, Mel voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"1995-09-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Defense Department Authorization, FY 1996"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"1995-09-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Military Construction Appropriations for fiscal year 1996"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"1995-09-13","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Department of Defense Appropriationms, FY 1996"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000178","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mel Reynolds has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mel Reynolds triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000178"]}],"B000953":[{"id":"P29_B000953_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with KS R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BROWNBACK, Sam Dale voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2010-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Ellen Lipton Hollander, of Maryland, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to extend and improve protections "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A resolution impeaching G. Thomas Porteous, Jr., judge of the United States Dist"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B000953","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Brownback draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.4M PAC / $16.1M total)","explanation":"Sam Brownback's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.4M of $16.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.1,"pacSharePct":33.2,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"S6KS00122"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6KS00122/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000880":[{"id":"P29_B000880_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BROOKS, Jack Bascom voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1091,"date":"1994-10-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"MINORITY HEALTH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1068,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"U.S. = MEXICO BORDER HEALTH COMMISSION"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1065,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT EXTENSION"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000880","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack B. Brooks has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jack B. Brooks triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000880"]},{"id":"P185_B000880","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jack B. Brooks — served 21 Congresses (~42 years)","explanation":"Jack B. Brooks served 21 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 42 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":21,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000880","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-b-brooks/B000880"]},{"id":"P200_B000880","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack B. Brooks — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–103)","explanation":"Jack B. Brooks began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":21}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000880","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-b-brooks/B000880"]}],"E000064":[{"id":"P29_E000064_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"EDWARDS, William Donlon (Don) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1094,"date":"1994-11-29","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1080,"date":"1994-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"PROVIDING FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 5110, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND T"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1063,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"MINOR CROP PESTICIDES ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_E000064","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Edwards has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Don Edwards triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000064"]},{"id":"P185_E000064","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Edwards — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Don Edwards served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000064","https://www.congress.gov/member/don-edwards/E000064"]},{"id":"P200_E000064","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Edwards — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–103)","explanation":"Don Edwards began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000064","https://www.congress.gov/member/don-edwards/E000064"]}],"P000328":[{"id":"P29_P000328_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PICKLE, James Jarrell (Jake) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1091,"date":"1994-10-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"MINORITY HEALTH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1068,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"U.S. = MEXICO BORDER HEALTH COMMISSION"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1065,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT EXTENSION"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000328","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. J. Pickle has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"J. J. Pickle triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000328"]},{"id":"P185_P000328","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"J. J. Pickle — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"J. J. Pickle served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000328","https://www.congress.gov/member/j-j-pickle/P000328"]},{"id":"P200_P000328","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. J. Pickle — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–103)","explanation":"J. J. Pickle began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000328","https://www.congress.gov/member/j-j-pickle/P000328"]}],"G000349":[{"id":"P29_G000349_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GRADISON, Willis David, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000349","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gradison, Willis D., Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Gradison, Willis D., Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000349"]},{"id":"P185_G000349","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gradison, Willis D., Jr. — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Gradison, Willis D., Jr. served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000349","https://www.congress.gov/member/gradison-willis-d-jr-/G000349"]},{"id":"P200_G000349","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gradison, Willis D., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"Gradison, Willis D., Jr. began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000349","https://www.congress.gov/member/gradison-willis-d-jr-/G000349"]}],"A000214":[{"id":"P29_A000214_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"APPLEGATE, Douglas Earl voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1094,"date":"1994-11-29","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1091,"date":"1994-10-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"MINORITY HEALTH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1082,"date":"1994-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"SOCIAL SECURITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1065,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT EXTENSION"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_A000214","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Douglas Applegate has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Douglas Applegate triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000214"]},{"id":"P200_A000214","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Douglas Applegate — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"Douglas Applegate began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000214","https://www.congress.gov/member/douglas-applegate/A000214"]}],"P000047":[{"id":"P29_P000047_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PANETTA, Leon Edward voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000047","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leon Panetta has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Leon Panetta triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000047"]},{"id":"P200_P000047","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leon Panetta — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"Leon Panetta began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000047","https://www.congress.gov/member/leon-panetta/P000047"]}],"A000209":[{"id":"P29_A000209_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ANDREWS, Michael Allen voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1091,"date":"1994-10-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"MINORITY HEALTH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1068,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"U.S. = MEXICO BORDER HEALTH COMMISSION"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1065,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT EXTENSION"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_A000209","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Andrews has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Michael Andrews triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000209"]}],"L000225":[{"id":"P29_L000225_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEHMAN, Richard Henry voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1094,"date":"1994-11-29","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1091,"date":"1994-10-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"MINORITY HEALTH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1080,"date":"1994-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"PROVIDING FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 5110, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND T"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1063,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"MINOR CROP PESTICIDES ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000225","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard H. Lehman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Richard H. Lehman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000225"]}],"S000066":[{"id":"P29_S000066_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SARPALIUS, William voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1091,"date":"1994-10-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"MINORITY HEALTH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1068,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"U.S. = MEXICO BORDER HEALTH COMMISSION"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1065,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT EXTENSION"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000066","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Sarpalius has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bill Sarpalius triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000066"]}],"W000177":[{"id":"P29_W000177_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TX D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WASHINGTON, Craig Anthony voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1091,"date":"1994-10-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"MINORITY HEALTH IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1082,"date":"1994-10-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"SOCIAL SECURITY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1994"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1080,"date":"1994-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"PROVIDING FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 5110, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND T"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1079,"date":"1994-10-05","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"U.S. = MEXICO BORDER HEALTH COMMISSION"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1068,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"U.S. = MEXICO BORDER HEALTH COMMISSION"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P195_W000177","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Craig A. Washington — DW-NOMINATE -0.77 vs TX delegation mean 0.15 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Craig A. Washington's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.77) is 1.9 standard deviations from the TX delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TX","memberScore":-0.766,"delegationMean":0.14558771929824554,"zscore":"1.90"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H000096":[{"id":"P29_H000096_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAMBURG, Daniel voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1094,"date":"1994-11-29","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1080,"date":"1994-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"PROVIDING FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 5110, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND T"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1063,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"MINOR CROP PESTICIDES ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000096","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Hamburg has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dan Hamburg triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000096"]}],"S000119":[{"id":"P29_S000119_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHENK, Lynn voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1094,"date":"1994-11-29","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1080,"date":"1994-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"PROVIDING FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 5110, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND T"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1063,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"MINOR CROP PESTICIDES ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000119","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lynn Schenk has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lynn Schenk triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000119"]}],"M000129":[{"id":"P29_M000129_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MARGOLIES-MEZVINSKY, Marjorie voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1079,"date":"1994-10-05","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"U.S. = MEXICO BORDER HEALTH COMMISSION"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1068,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"U.S. = MEXICO BORDER HEALTH COMMISSION"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":1063,"date":"1994-10-04","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"MINOR CROP PESTICIDES ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000129","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000129"]}],"B000371":[{"id":"P29_B000371_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BENNETT, Charles Edward voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":887,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P185_B000371","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles E. Bennett — served 22 Congresses (~44 years)","explanation":"Charles E. Bennett served 22 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 44 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":22,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000371","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-e-bennett/B000371"]},{"id":"P200_B000371","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles E. Bennett — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–102)","explanation":"Charles E. Bennett began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":22}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000371","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-e-bennett/B000371"]}],"F000041":[{"id":"P29_F000041_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FASCELL, Dante Bruno voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":887,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":853,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.J.RES. 553; MAKING CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FO"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_F000041","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dante B. Fascell has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dante B. Fascell triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000041"]},{"id":"P185_F000041","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dante B. Fascell — served 19 Congresses (~38 years)","explanation":"Dante B. Fascell served 19 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 38 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":19,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000041","https://www.congress.gov/member/dante-b-fascell/F000041"]},{"id":"P200_F000041","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dante B. Fascell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–102)","explanation":"Dante B. Fascell began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":19}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000041","https://www.congress.gov/member/dante-b-fascell/F000041"]}],"H000797":[{"id":"P29_H000797_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HORTON, Frank Jefferson voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":859,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH CARE"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000797","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank J. Horton has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank J. Horton triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000797"]},{"id":"P185_H000797","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank J. Horton — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Frank J. Horton served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000797","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-j-horton/H000797"]},{"id":"P200_H000797","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank J. Horton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–102)","explanation":"Frank J. Horton began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000797","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-j-horton/H000797"]}],"R000485":[{"id":"P29_R000485_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROYBAL, Edward R. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":887,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000485","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward R. Roybal has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Edward R. Roybal triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000485"]},{"id":"P185_R000485","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward R. Roybal — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Edward R. Roybal served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000485","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-r-roybal/R000485"]},{"id":"P200_R000485","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward R. Roybal — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–102)","explanation":"Edward R. Roybal began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000485","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-r-roybal/R000485"]}],"A000212":[{"id":"P29_A000212_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ANNUNZIO, Frank voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_A000212","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Annunzio has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank Annunzio triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000212"]},{"id":"P185_A000212","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Annunzio — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Frank Annunzio served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000212","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-annunzio/A000212"]},{"id":"P200_A000212","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Annunzio — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–102)","explanation":"Frank Annunzio began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000212","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-annunzio/A000212"]}],"V000027":[{"id":"P29_V000027_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"VANDER JAGT, Guy Adrian voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":884,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT TO ACCOMPANY H.R. 776; COM"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":871,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"LABOR, HEALTH, HUMAN SERVICES AND EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS, FOR FISCAL YEAR 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_V000027","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Guy Vander Jagt has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Guy Vander Jagt triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/V000027"]},{"id":"P185_V000027","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Guy Vander Jagt — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Guy Vander Jagt served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000027","https://www.congress.gov/member/guy-vander-jagt/V000027"]},{"id":"P200_V000027","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Guy Vander Jagt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–102)","explanation":"Guy Vander Jagt began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000027","https://www.congress.gov/member/guy-vander-jagt/V000027"]}],"W000781":[{"id":"P29_W000781_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WYLIE, Chalmers Pangburn voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":862,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000781","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chalmers P. Wylie has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Chalmers P. Wylie triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000781"]},{"id":"P185_W000781","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Chalmers P. Wylie — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Chalmers P. Wylie served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000781","https://www.congress.gov/member/chalmers-p-wylie/W000781"]},{"id":"P200_W000781","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chalmers P. Wylie — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–102)","explanation":"Chalmers P. Wylie began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000781","https://www.congress.gov/member/chalmers-p-wylie/W000781"]}],"G000105":[{"id":"P29_G000105_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GAYDOS, Joseph Matthew voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000105","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph M. Gaydos has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Joseph M. Gaydos triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000105"]},{"id":"P185_G000105","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joseph M. Gaydos — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Joseph M. Gaydos served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000105","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-m-gaydos/G000105"]},{"id":"P200_G000105","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph M. Gaydos — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–102)","explanation":"Joseph M. Gaydos began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000105","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-m-gaydos/G000105"]}],"A000189":[{"id":"P29_A000189_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ANDERSON, Glenn Malcolm voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":867,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P185_A000189","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn M. Anderson — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Glenn M. Anderson served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000189","https://www.congress.gov/member/glenn-m-anderson/A000189"]},{"id":"P200_A000189","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn M. Anderson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–102)","explanation":"Glenn M. Anderson began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000189","https://www.congress.gov/member/glenn-m-anderson/A000189"]}],"C000807":[{"id":"P29_C000807_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COUGHLIN, Robert Lawrence voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":859,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH CARE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":857,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000807","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lawrence Coughlin has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lawrence Coughlin triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000807"]},{"id":"P185_C000807","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lawrence Coughlin — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Lawrence Coughlin served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000807","https://www.congress.gov/member/lawrence-coughlin/C000807"]},{"id":"P200_C000807","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lawrence Coughlin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–102)","explanation":"Lawrence Coughlin began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000807","https://www.congress.gov/member/lawrence-coughlin/C000807"]}],"Y000014":[{"id":"P29_Y000014_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"YATRON, Gus voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_Y000014","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gus Yatron has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Gus Yatron triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/Y000014"]},{"id":"P185_Y000014","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gus Yatron — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Gus Yatron served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000014","https://www.congress.gov/member/gus-yatron/Y000014"]},{"id":"P200_Y000014","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gus Yatron — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–102)","explanation":"Gus Yatron began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000014","https://www.congress.gov/member/gus-yatron/Y000014"]}],"R000383":[{"id":"P29_R000383_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROE, Robert A. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":867,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":862,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000383","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert A. Roe has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert A. Roe triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000383"]},{"id":"P185_R000383","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert A. Roe — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Robert A. Roe served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000383","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-a-roe/R000383"]},{"id":"P200_R000383","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert A. Roe — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–102)","explanation":"Robert A. Roe began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000383","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-a-roe/R000383"]}],"L000243":[{"id":"P29_L000243_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LENT, Norman Frederick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":857,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":851,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000243","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norman F. Lent has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Norman F. Lent triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000243"]},{"id":"P185_L000243","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norman F. Lent — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Norman F. Lent served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000243","https://www.congress.gov/member/norman-f-lent/L000243"]},{"id":"P200_L000243","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norman F. Lent — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–102)","explanation":"Norman F. Lent began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000243","https://www.congress.gov/member/norman-f-lent/L000243"]}],"L000226":[{"id":"P29_L000226_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LEHMAN, William voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":887,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":853,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.J.RES. 553; MAKING CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FO"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000226","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Lehman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"William Lehman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000226"]},{"id":"P185_L000226","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Lehman — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"William Lehman served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000226","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-lehman/L000226"]},{"id":"P195_L000226","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Lehman — DW-NOMINATE -0.48 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"William Lehman's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.48) is 1.7 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.483,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.68"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_L000226","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Lehman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–102)","explanation":"William Lehman began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000226","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-lehman/L000226"]}],"L000020":[{"id":"P29_L000020_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LAGOMARSINO, Robert John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":867,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000020","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert J. Lagomarsino has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert J. Lagomarsino triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000020"]},{"id":"P185_L000020","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert J. Lagomarsino — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Robert J. Lagomarsino served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000020","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-j-lagomarsino/L000020"]},{"id":"P200_L000020","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert J. Lagomarsino — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–102)","explanation":"Robert J. Lagomarsino began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000020","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-j-lagomarsino/L000020"]}],"T000356":[{"id":"P29_T000356_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"TRAXLER, Jerome Bob voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":867,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_T000356","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Traxler has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bob Traxler triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000356"]},{"id":"P185_T000356","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Traxler — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Bob Traxler served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000356","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-traxler/T000356"]},{"id":"P200_T000356","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Traxler — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–102)","explanation":"Bob Traxler began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000356","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-traxler/T000356"]}],"E000013":[{"id":"P29_E000013_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"EARLY, Joseph Daniel voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_E000013","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph D. Early has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Joseph D. Early triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000013"]},{"id":"P200_E000013","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph D. Early — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Joseph D. Early began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-d-early/E000013"]}],"R000543":[{"id":"P29_R000543_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RUSSO, Martin Anthony voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":863,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE APPROPRIATIONS FOR F.Y. 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000543","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin A. Russo has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Martin A. Russo triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000543"]},{"id":"P200_R000543","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martin A. Russo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Martin A. Russo began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000543","https://www.congress.gov/member/martin-a-russo/R000543"]}],"S000146":[{"id":"P29_S000146_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SCHULZE, Richard Taylor voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":862,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000146","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard T. Schulze has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Richard T. Schulze triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000146"]},{"id":"P200_S000146","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard T. Schulze — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Richard T. Schulze began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000146","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-t-schulze/S000146"]}],"S000673":[{"id":"P29_S000673_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SOLARZ, Stephen Joshua voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":851,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000673","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen J. Solarz has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Stephen J. Solarz triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000673"]},{"id":"P200_S000673","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen J. Solarz — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Stephen J. Solarz began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000673","https://www.congress.gov/member/stephen-j-solarz/S000673"]}],"B000153":[{"id":"P29_B000153_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BARNARD, Druie Douglas, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":887,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":884,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT TO ACCOMPANY H.R. 776; COM"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P200_B000153","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barnard, Doug, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Barnard, Doug, Jr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000153","https://www.congress.gov/member/barnard-doug-jr-/B000153"]}],"H000901":[{"id":"P29_H000901_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with LA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HUCKABY, Thomas Jerald voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":871,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"LABOR, HEALTH, HUMAN SERVICES AND EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS, FOR FISCAL YEAR 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000901","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas J. (Jerry) Huckaby has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Thomas J. (Jerry) Huckaby triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000901"]},{"id":"P200_H000901","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas J. (Jerry) Huckaby — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Thomas J. (Jerry) Huckaby began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000901","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-j-jerry-huckaby/H000901"]}],"J000083":[{"id":"P29_J000083_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JENKINS, Edgar Lanier (Ed) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":857,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P70_J000083","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (District 3 Board Member) at Brevard County School Board Melbourne, FL","explanation":"Edgar L. Jenkins's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (District 3 Board Member) at Brevard County School Board Melbourne, FL (Other (Public School System)); Other (Found/Chair) at Educated We Stand Satellite Beach, FL (Other (Political Action Commit).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2020 to Nov 2024","role":"Other (District 3 Board Member)","entity":"Brevard County School Board Melbourne, FL","entityType":"Other (Public School System)"},{"dates":"Mar 2024 to present","role":"Other (Found/Chair)","entity":"Educated We Stand Satellite Beach, FL","entityType":"Other (Political Action Committee)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_J000083","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$81,150.01 in outside earned income — top source: Brevard County Public Schools Melbourne, FL ($$41,150.01)","explanation":"Edgar L. Jenkins's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $81,150.01 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Brevard County Public Schools Melbourne, FL ($41,150.01, Salary); Educated We Stand Satellite Beach, FL ($40,000.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":81150.01000000001,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Brevard County Public Schools Melbourne, FL","amount":"$41,150.01","amountNumeric":41150.01},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Educated We Stand Satellite Beach, FL","amount":"$40,000.00","amountNumeric":40000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_J000083_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edgar L. Jenkins's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Edgar L. Jenkins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P174_J000083","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edgar L. Jenkins has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Edgar L. Jenkins triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000083"]},{"id":"P200_J000083","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edgar L. Jenkins — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Edgar L. Jenkins began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000083","https://www.congress.gov/member/edgar-l-jenkins/J000083"]}],"K000319":[{"id":"P29_K000319_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KOSTMAYER, Peter Houston voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":887,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_K000319","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter H. Kostmayer has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Peter H. Kostmayer triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000319"]},{"id":"P200_K000319","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter H. Kostmayer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Peter H. Kostmayer began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000319","https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-h-kostmayer/K000319"]}],"O000001":[{"id":"P29_O000001_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"OAKAR, Mary Rose voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":6,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_O000001","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mary Rose Oakar has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mary Rose Oakar triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/O000001"]},{"id":"P200_O000001","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mary Rose Oakar — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Mary Rose Oakar began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000001","https://www.congress.gov/member/mary-rose-oakar/O000001"]}],"P000170":[{"id":"P29_P000170_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PEASE, Donald James voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":862,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000170","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald J. Pease has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Donald J. Pease triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000170"]},{"id":"P200_P000170","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald J. Pease — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Donald J. Pease began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000170","https://www.congress.gov/member/donald-j-pease/P000170"]}],"P000574":[{"id":"P29_P000574_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PURSELL, Carl Duane voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":871,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"LABOR, HEALTH, HUMAN SERVICES AND EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS, FOR FISCAL YEAR 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":851,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000574","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carl D. Pursell has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Carl D. Pursell triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000574"]},{"id":"P200_P000574","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carl D. Pursell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Carl D. Pursell began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000574","https://www.congress.gov/member/carl-d-pursell/P000574"]}],"G000417":[{"id":"P29_G000417_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GREEN, Sedgwick William (Bill) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":859,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH CARE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":853,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.J.RES. 553; MAKING CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FO"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000417","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"S. William Green has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"S. William Green triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000417"]},{"id":"P200_G000417","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"S. William Green — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"S. William Green began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000417","https://www.congress.gov/member/s-william-green/G000417"]}],"A000213":[{"id":"P29_A000213_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AR D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ANTHONY, Beryl Franklin, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_A000213","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Anthony, Beryl, Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Anthony, Beryl, Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000213"]}],"D000044":[{"id":"P29_D000044_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DANNEMEYER, William Edwin voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":884,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT TO ACCOMPANY H.R. 776; COM"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000044","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"William E. Dannemeyer has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"William E. Dannemeyer triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000044"]},{"id":"P195_D000044","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William E. Dannemeyer — DW-NOMINATE 0.69 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"William E. Dannemeyer's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.69) is 1.9 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.691,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.93"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"D000131":[{"id":"P29_D000131_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DAVIS, Robert William voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":871,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"LABOR, HEALTH, HUMAN SERVICES AND EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS, FOR FISCAL YEAR 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":867,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":859,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH CARE"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000131","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert W. Davis has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert W. Davis triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000131"]}],"D000416":[{"id":"P29_D000416_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DONNELLY, Brian Joseph voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000416","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian J. Donnelly has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Brian J. Donnelly triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000416"]}],"M000264":[{"id":"P29_M000264_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MAVROULES, Nicholas James voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000264","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicholas Mavroules has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Nicholas Mavroules triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000264"]}],"R000277":[{"id":"P29_R000277_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"RITTER, Donald Lawrence voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":863,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE APPROPRIATIONS FOR F.Y. 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_R000277","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Ritter has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Don Ritter triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000277"]}],"W000682":[{"id":"P29_W000682_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WOLPE, Howard Eliot, III voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000682","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard E. Wolpe has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Howard E. Wolpe triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000682"]}],"D000586":[{"id":"P29_D000586_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DWYER, Bernard James voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":867,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000586","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bernard J. Dwyer has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bernard J. Dwyer triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000586"]}],"D000592":[{"id":"P29_D000592_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DYMALLY, Mervyn Malcolm voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":4,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]}],"E000031":[{"id":"P29_E000031_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ECKART, Dennis Edward voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_E000031","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dennis E. Eckart has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dennis E. Eckart triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000031"]}],"H000340":[{"id":"P29_H000340_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HATCHER, Charles Floyd voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000340","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Hatcher has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Charles Hatcher triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000340"]}],"L000479":[{"id":"P29_L000479_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LOWERY, William David voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"}],"citations":[]}],"M000432":[{"id":"P29_M000432_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McEWEN, Bob voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000432","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob McEwen has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bob McEwen triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000432"]}],"M000458":[{"id":"P29_M000458_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McGRATH, Raymond Joseph voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":862,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P70_M000458","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 4 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Director at Iraq Afghanistan Veterans for America Washington, ","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) lists 4 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Director at Iraq Afghanistan Veterans for America Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization); Director at The Ploughshares Fund Washington, DC (Nonprofit Organization); Director at Kentucky Veterans Trust Fund Board Frankfort, KY (Other (Governmental Entity)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":4,"year":"2026","positions":[{"dates":"Feb 2021 to Oct 2025","role":"Director","entity":"Iraq Afghanistan Veterans for America Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Mar 2021 to Oct 2025","role":"Director","entity":"The Ploughshares Fund Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2023 to Oct 2024","role":"Director","entity":"Kentucky Veterans Trust Fund Board Frankfort, KY","entityType":"Other (Governmental Entity)"},{"dates":"Feb 2022 to Jan 2025","role":"Other (Board Member)","entity":"U.S. Naval Academy Board of Visitors Washington, DC","entityType":"Other (Governmental Entity)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_M000458","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$400,000 in outside earned income — top source: DMM Consulting LLC Georgetown, KY ($$400,000.00)","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $400,000 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: DMM Consulting LLC Georgetown, KY ($400,000.00, Other (Independent Contractor)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":400000,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Independent Contractor)","source":"DMM Consulting LLC Georgetown, KY","amount":"$400,000.00","amountNumeric":400000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath discloses 5 opaque-value holdings on the 2026 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 5 unascertainable, 31% of 16 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual disclosure has 5 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 5 unascertainable) across 16 total reported assets — 31% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Victory Capital 529 Account Child 1 Institution: Victory Capital (--) · Victory Capital 529 Account Child 2 Institution: Victory Capital (--) · Victory Capital 529 Account Child 3 Institution: Victory Capital (--) · Victory Funds IRA (--) · Commonwealth Brokerage Account (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2026","opaqueCount":5,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":5,"totalAssets":16,"opaqueRatio":0.313,"samples":[{"asset":"Victory Capital 529 Account Child 1 Institution: Victory Capital","value":"--"},{"asset":"Victory Capital 529 Account Child 2 Institution: Victory Capital","value":"--"},{"asset":"Victory Capital 529 Account Child 3 Institution: Victory Capital","value":"--"},{"asset":"Victory Funds IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Commonwealth Brokerage Account","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P92_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P92_PFD_DEPENDENT_HOLDINGS","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 PFD: 9 holdings owned by Dependent Child (5 ≥$15K bracket)","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure attributes 9 holdings to a Dependent Child (DC) per the Owner column. Stock holdings owned by a minor child whose only income source is the parent functionally represent parental ownership. The STOCK Act periodic transaction report (PTR) requirement excludes dependent-child trading — so positions added or removed on a DC account require no 45-day disclosure that would cover the senator's own account. Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress\" investigation flagged this as a discrete concealment route. 5 of these dependent-attributed holdings are in disclosure brackets ≥ $15,000, meaning the dependent has at least mid-five-figure positions in named securities. Sample dependent-owned holdings: USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Savings · USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Savings · USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Savings · Victory Capital 529 Account Child 1 Institution: V · Age-Based Option 9-11: Moderate Portfolio.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_dependent_holdings","year":"2026","dependentHoldingCount":9,"highValueCount":5,"holdings":[{"asset":"USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"USAA (San Antonio, TX) Type: Savings","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"Victory Capital 529 Account Child 1 Institution: Victory Capital","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Age-Based Option 9-11: Moderate Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Victory Capital 529 Account Child 2 Institution: Victory Capital","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"asset":"Age-Based Option 9-11: Moderate Portfolio","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Victory Capital 529 Account Child 3 Institution: Victory Capital","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P99_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P99_PFD_SPOUSE_INCOME_LAW_FIRM","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath's spouse earned income from 1 law-firm payer on 2026 PFD — top: Midwest Jet Management LLC","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) reports 1 payment to the senator's spouse from a named law firm or partnership. Most law firms with senator-spouse partners also operate federal lobbying practices, retainer relationships with regulated industries, or government-affairs subsidiaries — meaning the senator's household has direct economic dependence on clients regulated by their own committee work. The arrangement is legal and disclosed but warrants reader attention to: (a) the firm's federal lobbying register (lda.senate.gov), (b) the firm's client list disclosed in 10-K filings of public-company clients, and (c) any matters before the senator's committee that the firm represented during the reporting year. Payers: Midwest Jet Management LLC Cincinnati, (Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_spouse_law_firm","year":"2026","count":1,"isBigFirm":false,"matches":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Midwest Jet Management LLC Cincinnati, OH","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/"]},{"id":"P102_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath holds 3 nonprofit/foundation board roles on 2026 PFD — top: Director · Iraq Afghanistan Veterans for","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 3 ongoing roles on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Director · Iraq Afghanistan Veterans for · Director · The Ploughshares Fund Washington, · Director · Kentucky Veterans Trust Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2026","count":3,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"Iraq Afghanistan Veterans for America Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Feb 2021 to Oct 2025"},{"position":"Director","entity":"The Ploughshares Fund Washington, DC","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Mar 2021 to Oct 2025"},{"position":"Director","entity":"Kentucky Veterans Trust Fund Board Frankfort, KY","entityType":"Other (Governmental Entity)","dates":"Jan 2023 to Oct 2024"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P147_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 PFD reports earned income $401K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Midwest Jet Management LLC)","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $401,000 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Spouse: Salary from Midwest Jet Management LLC (> $1,000) · Self: Other (Independent Contractor) from DMM Consulting LLC Georgetown, ($400,000.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2026","earnedIncome":401000,"earnedIncomeK":401,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Midwest Jet Management LLC Cincinnati, OH","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Independent Contractor)","payer":"DMM Consulting LLC Georgetown, KY","amount":"$400,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P161_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 PFD includes 4 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 4 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Age-Based Option 9-11: Moderate Portfolio · Age-Based Option 9-11: Moderate Portfolio · Age-Based Option 12-13: Moderately Conservative Portfolio · URSIX - Victory Target Retirement 2060 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2026","count":4,"holdings":[{"asset":"Age-Based Option 9-11: Moderate Portfolio","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Age-Based Option 9-11: Moderate Portfolio","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"Age-Based Option 12-13: Moderately Conservative Portfolio","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"asset":"URSIX - Victory Target Retirement 2060 Fund","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 16 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 16 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":16,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P165_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P165_PFD_PROFESSIONAL_LICENSURE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 PFD reports 1 licensed-professional income source — top: DMM Consulting LLC Georgetown,","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2) reports 1 income source from licensed-professional practice — law firm partnership / of-counsel role, medical practice, dental practice, accounting / CPA firm, engineering practice, or named consulting LLC. Professional-licensure income is distinct from corporate salary: (a) it typically requires active state-bar / medical-board licensure that the senator must maintain alongside Senate duties, and (b) it often reflects ongoing client relationships that continue from pre-Senate practice. Journalists should check whether the licensed practice has clients with matters before the senator's committee — particularly for law firms representing federally-regulated industries. Sources: Self: Other (Independent Contractor) from DMM Consulting LLC Georgetown, ($400,000.00).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_professional_licensure","year":"2026","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Other (Independent Contractor)","payer":"DMM Consulting LLC Georgetown, KY","amount":"$400,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P173_M000458_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Raymond J. McGrath's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/7194def0-4fa0-4495-b68f-cf7376117269/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]}],"M000999":[{"id":"P29_M000999_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MORRISON, Sidney Wallace voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":859,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH CARE"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000999","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sid Morrison has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sid Morrison triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000999"]}],"S000081":[{"id":"P29_S000081_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SAVAGE, Gus voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]}],"W000237":[{"id":"P29_W000237_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WEBER, John Vincent (Vin) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":862,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":859,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH CARE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":853,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.J.RES. 553; MAKING CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FO"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000237","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vin Weber has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Vin Weber triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000237"]}],"B000711":[{"id":"P29_B000711_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOXER, Barbara voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Colette Dodson Honorable, of Arkansas, to be a Member of the Federal Energy Regu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":643,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_B000711","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Barbara Boxer ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $126M across 19 cycles","explanation":"Barbara Boxer's FEC-bulk record shows $126.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":126.32,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2CA00286"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2CA00286/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_B000711","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barbara Boxer — 151 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Barbara Boxer sponsored 151 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":151}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C000293":[{"id":"P29_C000293_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with WA R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CHANDLER, Rodney Dennis voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":887,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":884,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT TO ACCOMPANY H.R. 776; COM"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"}],"citations":[]}],"E000201":[{"id":"P29_E000201_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AL D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ERDREICH, Ben voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":863,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE APPROPRIATIONS FOR F.Y. 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":862,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":857,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":853,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.J.RES. 553; MAKING CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FO"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_E000201","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Erdreich has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ben Erdreich triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000201"]}],"F000059":[{"id":"P29_F000059_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FEIGHAN, Edward Farrell voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":863,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE APPROPRIATIONS FOR F.Y. 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_F000059","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward F. Feighan has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Edward F. Feighan triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000059"]}],"K000307":[{"id":"P29_K000307_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KOLTER, Joseph Paul voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_K000307","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph P. Kolter has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Joseph P. Kolter triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000307"]}],"M001057":[{"id":"P29_M001057_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MRAZEK, Robert Jan voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":884,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT TO ACCOMPANY H.R. 776; COM"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M001057","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert J. Mrazek has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert J. Mrazek triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001057"]}],"S000586":[{"id":"P29_S000586_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SMITH, Lawrence Jack voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":887,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":853,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.J.RES. 553; MAKING CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FO"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000586","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lawrence Smith has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lawrence Smith triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000586"]}],"T000184":[{"id":"P29_T000184_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"THOMAS, Robert Lindsay voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":885,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"}],"citations":[]}],"A000226":[{"id":"P29_A000226_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MA D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ATKINS, Chester Greenough voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":886,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_A000226","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chester G. Atkins has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Chester G. Atkins triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000226"]}],"B000971":[{"id":"P29_B000971_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRUCE, Terry Lee voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":859,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"NATIVE HAWAIIAN HEALTH CARE"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":853,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.J.RES. 553; MAKING CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FO"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000971","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Terry L. Bruce has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Terry L. Bruce triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000971"]}],"S000479":[{"id":"P29_S000479_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with VA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SLAUGHTER, Daniel French, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":367,"date":"1991-11-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS, F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"1991-11-06","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS, F"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":365,"date":"1991-11-06","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":1,"description":"FARM CREDIT BANKS AND ASSOCIATIONS SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS ACT OF 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":361,"date":"1991-11-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":0,"description":"FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS SAFETY AND CONSUMER CHOICE ACT OF 1991"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000479","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Slaughter, D. French, Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Slaughter, D. French, Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000479"]}],"C000077":[{"id":"P29_C000077_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CO D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CAMPBELL, Ben Nighthorse voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":674,"date":"2004-11-20","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for foreign operations, export financing, and relat"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to modify te"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2004-11-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt l"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":661,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To retain jurisdiction over the Secret Service in the Committee on the Judiciary"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To clarify the continuing applicability of section 504 of the National Security "}],"citations":[]}],"M000573":[{"id":"P29_M000573_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McMILLEN, Charles Thomas voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":857,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000573","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas McMillen has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Thomas McMillen triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000573"]}],"J000047":[{"id":"P29_J000047_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JAMES, Craig T. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":871,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"LABOR, HEALTH, HUMAN SERVICES AND EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS, FOR FISCAL YEAR 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":857,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_J000047","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Craig T. James has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Craig T. James triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/J000047"]}],"L000507":[{"id":"P29_L000507_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LUKEN, Charles J. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":863,"date":"1992-10-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE APPROPRIATIONS FOR F.Y. 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":857,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":0,"description":"FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_L000507","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Luken has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Charles Luken triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000507"]}],"C000836":[{"id":"P29_C000836_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COX, John W., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":5,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"MILITARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":858,"date":"1992-09-30","sector":"Elections","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXPANSION SITE SELECTION ACT OF 1992"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000836","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cox, John W., Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Cox, John W., Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000836"]}],"N000094":[{"id":"P29_N000094_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with KS R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NICHOLS, Richard voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":889,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT AND ITS CONSIDERATION OF H"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":877,"date":"1992-10-04","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_N000094","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dick Nichols has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dick Nichols triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/N000094"]}],"G000511":[{"id":"P29_G000511_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"GUARINI, Frank Joseph, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"EXPORT ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1992"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":883,"date":"1992-10-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1992-10-03","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"INDIAN HEALTH CARE AMENDMENTS ACT"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":867,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATIONS, FY 1993"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":865,"date":"1992-10-02","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST THE CONFERENCE REPORT H.R. 5095; INTELLIGENCE AU"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_G000511","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank J. Guarini has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank J. Guarini triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000511"]}],"H000367":[{"id":"P29_H000367_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAWKINS, Augustus Freeman (Gus) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS, 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":869,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING CERTAIN POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST CONSIDERATION OF THE CONFERENCE REPORT O"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":860,"date":"1990-10-24","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 1991"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P185_H000367","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Augustus F. Hawkins — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Augustus F. Hawkins served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1991). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1991,"lastCongress":101}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000367","https://www.congress.gov/member/augustus-f-hawkins/H000367"]},{"id":"P200_H000367","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Augustus F. Hawkins — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–101)","explanation":"Augustus F. Hawkins began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000367","https://www.congress.gov/member/augustus-f-hawkins/H000367"]}],"F000380":[{"id":"P29_F000380_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FRENZEL, William Eldridge voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":876,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"MAKING FURTHER CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":866,"date":"1990-10-25","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION, 1991"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_F000380","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Frenzel has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bill Frenzel triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000380"]},{"id":"P185_F000380","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Frenzel — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Bill Frenzel served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1991). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1991,"lastCongress":101}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000380","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-frenzel/F000380"]},{"id":"P200_F000380","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Frenzel — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–101)","explanation":"Bill Frenzel began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000380","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-frenzel/F000380"]}],"L000508":[{"id":"P29_L000508_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LUKEN, Thomas Andrew voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":876,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"MAKING FURTHER CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS, 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":873,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":1,"description":"IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1990"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":864,"date":"1990-10-25","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"HEALTH CARE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS EXTENSION ACT OF 1990"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P200_L000508","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas A. Luken — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–101)","explanation":"Thomas A. Luken began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000508","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-a-luken/L000508"]}],"F000208":[{"id":"P29_F000208_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AL D delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FLIPPO, Ronnie Gene voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS, 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":873,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1990"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":869,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING CERTAIN POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST CONSIDERATION OF THE CONFERENCE REPORT O"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":860,"date":"1990-10-24","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 1991"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_F000208","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ronnie G. Flippo has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ronnie G. Flippo triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000208"]},{"id":"P200_F000208","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ronnie G. Flippo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–101)","explanation":"Ronnie G. Flippo began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000208","https://www.congress.gov/member/ronnie-g-flippo/F000208"]}],"W000044":[{"id":"P29_W000044_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WALGREN, Douglas voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":876,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"MAKING FURTHER CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS, 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":873,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1990"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000044","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doug Walgren has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Doug Walgren triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000044"]},{"id":"P200_W000044","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doug Walgren — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–101)","explanation":"Doug Walgren began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000044","https://www.congress.gov/member/doug-walgren/W000044"]}],"P000097":[{"id":"P29_P000097_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PASHAYAN, Charles, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":876,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"MAKING FURTHER CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":869,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"WAIVING CERTAIN POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST CONSIDERATION OF THE CONFERENCE REPORT O"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000097","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pashayan, Charles, Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Pashayan, Charles, Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000097"]}],"C000919":[{"id":"P29_C000919_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MI D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CROCKETT, George William, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":876,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"MAKING FURTHER CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS, 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":869,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING CERTAIN POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST CONSIDERATION OF THE CONFERENCE REPORT O"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":860,"date":"1990-10-24","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 1991"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C000919","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Crockett, George W., Jr. has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Crockett, George W., Jr. triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000919"]},{"id":"P195_C000919","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Crockett, George W., Jr. — DW-NOMINATE -0.65 vs MI delegation mean -0.02 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Crockett, George W., Jr.'s DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.65) is 1.5 standard deviations from the MI delegation mean (-0.02). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MI","memberScore":-0.651,"delegationMean":-0.01998305084745762,"zscore":"1.53"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C000858":[{"id":"P29_C000858_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with ID R delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CRAIG, Larry Edwin voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2008-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide alternative minimum"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2008-09-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making emergency supplemental appropriations for economic recovery for th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":645,"date":"2008-09-23","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide alternative minimum tax relief, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2008-09-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2009 for military a"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2008-09-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To repeal the requirement for reduction of survivor annuities under the Survivor"}],"citations":[]}],"D000593":[{"id":"P29_D000593_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DYSON, Royden Patrick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS, 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":873,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1990"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":869,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"WAIVING CERTAIN POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST CONSIDERATION OF THE CONFERENCE REPORT O"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":866,"date":"1990-10-25","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION, 1991"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000593","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roy Dyson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Roy Dyson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000593"]}],"B000236":[{"id":"P29_B000236_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BATES, Jim voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS, 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":872,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":869,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"WAIVING CERTAIN POINTS OF ORDER AGAINST CONSIDERATION OF THE CONFERENCE REPORT O"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":851,"date":"1990-10-23","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"AGRICULTURAL PRICE SUPPORT AND RELATED PROGRAMS"}],"citations":[]}],"B000648":[{"id":"P29_B000648_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CA D delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOSCO, Douglas Harry voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":875,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":874,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":3,"description":"FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS, 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":873,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Immigration","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":5,"description":"IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1990"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":844,"date":"1990-10-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH APPROPRIATION, FY 1991"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":839,"date":"1990-10-20","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"VETERANS AFFAIRS, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT INDEPENDENT AGENCIES APPROPRIATI"}],"citations":[]}],"D000294":[{"id":"P29_D000294_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DeWINE, Michael voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Kent A. Jordan, of Delaware, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Cir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":634,"date":"2006-11-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To require as a precondition to United States-India peaceful atomic energy coope"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2006-11-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To declare that it is the policy of the United States to continue to support imp"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000294","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike DeWine has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mike DeWine triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000294"]}],"S000606":[{"id":"P29_S000606_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NH R delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SMITH, Robert C. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":633,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":630,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dennis W. Shedd, of South Carolina, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fo"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":629,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to establish the Department of Homeland Security, and for other purposes."}],"citations":[]}],"L000447":[{"id":"P29_L000447_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MS R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"LOTT, Chester Trent voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":408,"date":"2007-11-13","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Robert M. Dow, Jr., of Illinois, to be United States District Judge for the Nort"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":405,"date":"2007-11-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Serv"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":404,"date":"2007-11-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Serv"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":403,"date":"2007-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend title XXI of the Social Security Act to extend and improve the C"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":402,"date":"2007-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend title XXI of the Social Security Act to extend and improve the C"}],"citations":[]}],"M000019":[{"id":"P29_M000019_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with FL R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MACK, Connie, III voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2000-10-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "}],"citations":[]}],"H001097":[{"id":"P29_H001097_7pl5zl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 28 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HELMY, George S. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 28 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Keli Marie Neary, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Mi"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2024-12-05","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Sarah Morgan Davenport, of New Mexico, to be United States District Judge for th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2024-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Sarah Morgan Davenport, of New Mexico, to be United States District Judge for th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2024-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Anthony J. Brindisi, of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":661,"date":"2024-12-04","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Anthony J. Brindisi, of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Nor"}],"citations":[]}],"M000702":[{"id":"P29_M000702_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MIKULSKI, Barbara Ann voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]}],"R000146":[{"id":"P29_R000146_7pl5yn","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NV D delegation on 15 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"REID, Harry voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 15 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":645,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P136_R000146","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harry Reid ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.9M across 24 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Harry Reid's FEC-bulk record shows $24.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 24 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $96.3M (PAC: $24.9M, individual: $62.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":96.29,"lifetimeIndividualM":62.19,"cycleCount":24,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6NV00028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NV00028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_R000146","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harry Reid ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $96M across 24 cycles","explanation":"Harry Reid's FEC-bulk record shows $96.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 24 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":96.29,"cycleCount":24,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6NV00028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NV00028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_R000146","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harry Reid — 191 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Harry Reid sponsored 191 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":191}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"A000360":[{"id":"P29_A000360_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ALEXANDER, Lamar voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":654,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":4,"description":"Colette Dodson Honorable, of Arkansas, to be a Member of the Federal Energy Regu"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"Christopher Smith, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Energy (Fossil Ener"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":2,"description":"John Charles Cruden, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Attorney General"}],"citations":[]}],"J000291":[{"id":"P29_J000291_7pl5yq","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NE R delegation on 18 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"JOHANNS, Mike voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 18 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_J000291","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Johanns draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.0M PAC / $9.3M total)","explanation":"Mike Johanns's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.0M of $9.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.33,"pacSharePct":42.9,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"S8NE00117"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NE00117/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001049":[{"id":"P29_H001049_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NC D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAGAN, Kay voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Christopher Smith, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Energy (Fossil Ener"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":635,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":633,"date":"2014-12-13","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of technical, policy"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_H001049","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kay R. Hagan ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $68M across 7 cycles","explanation":"Kay R. Hagan's FEC-bulk record shows $67.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 7 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":67.71,"cycleCount":7,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8NC00239"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NC00239/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_H001049","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kay R. Hagan — 179 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Kay R. Hagan sponsored 179 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":179}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001141":[{"id":"P29_S001141_7pl5yp","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with AL R delegation on 17 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SESSIONS, Jefferson Beauregard III (Jeff) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 17 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend certain expiring provisions"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P74_S001141_2015","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 10 new ticker holdings in 2015 not present in prior PFD filings — including VGHCX, VWITX, VWIGX, VFSUX, VWSTX, VWENX","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 10 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: VGHCX, VWITX, VWIGX, VFSUX, VWSTX, VWENX, VHCOX, VCVLX, VSMAX, VFSTX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2015,"count":10,"newTickers":["VGHCX","VWITX","VWIGX","VFSUX","VWSTX","VWENX","VHCOX","VCVLX","VSMAX","VFSTX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d6ad9d4-36e5-49ff-a891-6580e606d6ba/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5d6ad9d4-36e5-49ff-a891-6580e606d6ba/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_S001141","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: Turkey","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2017) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — Turkey. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: Turkey → Mineral rights leased to Pruet Production Company in Turkey Creek Oil Field Desc ($15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2017","totalAssets":1,"countries":["Turkey"],"byCountry":{"Turkey":[{"assetName":"Mineral rights leased to Pruet Production Company in Turkey Creek Oil Field Desc","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P79_S001141_2016","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 9 ticker holdings between 2015 and 2016 — including VFIAX, VGENX, VGPMX, VWAHX, MCLOX, BRF","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's 2016 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 9 ticker holdings present in the 2015 filing but absent in 2016. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: VFIAX, VGENX, VGPMX, VWAHX, MCLOX, BRF, EWZ, VWSTX, VFSTX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2015,2016],"count":9,"divestedTickers":["VFIAX","VGENX","VGPMX","VWAHX","MCLOX","BRF","EWZ","VWSTX","VFSTX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d85042fb-0a3d-4fc9-af7c-7861a737ae06/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d85042fb-0a3d-4fc9-af7c-7861a737ae06/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_S001141_2017","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Sessions discloses 20 real estate holdings on 2017 Senate PFD","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 20 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: VGSLX - Vanguard REIT Index Adm (NASDAQ) · Real Estate Description: Monroe #1 - 10.15 acres (Monroe Cou · Real Estate Description: Monroe #2 - 1.27 acres w/house (Mon · Real Estate Description: Wilcox #1 - 479 acres (Wilcox Count.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2017","propertyCount":20,"properties":[{"name":"VGSLX - Vanguard REIT Index Adm (NASDAQ)","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Monroe #1 - 10.15 acres (Monroe County, AL)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Monroe #2 - 1.27 acres w/house (Monroe County, AL)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Wilcox #1 - 479 acres (Wilcox County, Alabama)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Choctaw #1 - 97.0 acres (Choctaw County, Alabama)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Choctaw #2 - 104.0 acres (Choctaw County, Alabama)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Choctaw #3 - 28.0 acres (Choctaw County, AL)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"name":"Real Estate Description: Choctaw #4 - 30.0 acres (Choctaw County, Alabama)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_S001141_2017","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Sessions's 2017 PFD: 23 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (27% of 86 reported assets)","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 23 reported holdings owned by Spouse (18), Joint (5), or Dependent (0) — 27% of 86 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: VTSAX - Vanguard Total Stock Mkt Idx Adm (NASDAQ) · Spouse: Morgan Stanley Bank NA (Fairhope, AL) Type: Money Market Account · Spouse: Montgomery CNTY AL PUB Bldg Auth Rev Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 03/01/2022 · Spouse: Birmingham AL Genl Oblig Ref Ser A Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 11/01/2018.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2017","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":18,"Joint":5,"Dependent":0,"Self":62},"totalAssets":86,"familyShare":0.267,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"VTSAX - Vanguard Total Stock Mkt Idx Adm (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Morgan Stanley Bank NA (Fairhope, AL) Type: Money Market Account","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Montgomery CNTY AL PUB Bldg Auth Rev Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 03/01/2022","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Birmingham AL Genl Oblig Ref Ser A Rate/Coupon: 5.0% Matures: 11/01/2018","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"VMMXX - Vanguard Money Market Reserves (NASDAQ)","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P88_S001141_2017","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Sessions's 2017 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2017","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Real Estate Description: Choctaw #10 - 613.0 acres (Choctaw County, Alabama)","type":"Real Estate Unimproved Land","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_S001141","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Sessions's earliest disclosed PFD (2014) shows $7.5M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2014) shows total assets of $7.5M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 69; earned-income on first filing: $0.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2014","totalAssetMid":7486987,"assetCount":69,"earnedIncome":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f55922f5-214c-44e1-a9ee-0caa2f8e4b30/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/f55922f5-214c-44e1-a9ee-0caa2f8e4b30/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_S001141_2017","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Sessions's 2017 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 85 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's 2017 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 85 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2017","totalAssetCount":85,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P193_S001141_2017","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Sessions — 40 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Jeff Sessions's 2017 Senate PFD shows 40 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2017","tickerPositions":40,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/851a4323-df0e-433b-986b-591ed2311f0a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S000320":[{"id":"P29_S000320_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with AL R delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SHELBY, Richard C. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":656,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Stephen R. Bough, of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Wester"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":651,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2014-12-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Sarah R. Saldana, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2014-12-15","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"Daniel J. Santos, of Virginia, to be a Member of the Defense Nuclear Facilities "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P82_S000320_2012","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard C. Shelby filed 2 amendments to the 2012 Senate annual disclosure — 3 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Richard C. Shelby's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2012 report alone, with 3 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2012,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":3,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/0DD87262-595B-414C-99E3-18643FBF4997/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/52D5041B-2B7C-4D25-9CC9-7F1C60CCA107/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/0DD87262-595B-414C-99E3-18643FBF4997/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/52D5041B-2B7C-4D25-9CC9-7F1C60CCA107/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P136_S000320","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard C. Shelby ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $22.1M across 27 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Richard C. Shelby's FEC-bulk record shows $22.1M in lifetime PAC contributions across 27 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $69.9M (PAC: $22.1M, individual: $32.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":22.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":69.93,"lifetimeIndividualM":32.94,"cycleCount":27,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6AL00013"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6AL00013/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_S000320","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard C. Shelby ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $70M across 27 cycles","explanation":"Richard C. Shelby's FEC-bulk record shows $69.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 27 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":69.93,"cycleCount":27,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6AL00013"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6AL00013/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_S000320","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard C. Shelby draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($22.1M PAC / $69.9M total)","explanation":"Richard C. Shelby's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($22.1M of $69.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":22.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":69.93,"pacSharePct":31.7,"cycleCount":27,"fecId":"S6AL00013"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6AL00013/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_S000320","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard C. Shelby — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Richard C. Shelby has served 7 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000320","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-c.-shelby/S000320"]}],"B000444":[{"id":"P29_B000444_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with DE D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BIDEN, Joseph Robinette, Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2008-10-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure ce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2008-10-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to approve the United States-India Agreement for Cooperation on Peaceful "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2008-09-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making emergency supplemental appropriations for economic recovery for th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2008-09-23","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide incentives for ener"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2008-09-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To repeal the requirement for reduction of survivor annuities under the Survivor"}],"citations":[]}],"D000388":[{"id":"P29_D000388_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CT D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DODD, Christopher John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Education","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to authorize the cancellation of removal and adjustment of status of cert"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_D000388","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Christopher J. Dodd ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $66M across 27 cycles","explanation":"Christopher J. Dodd's FEC-bulk record shows $65.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 27 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":65.95,"cycleCount":27,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0CT00037"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0CT00037/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_D000388","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher J. Dodd has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Christopher J. Dodd triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000388"]},{"id":"P181_D000388","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher J. Dodd — 81 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Christopher J. Dodd sponsored 81 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":81}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B000611":[{"id":"P29_B000611_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MO R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BOND, Christopher Samuel (Kit) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2010-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Ellen Lipton Hollander, of Maryland, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to extend and improve protections "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to authorize the cancellation of removal and adjustment of status of cert"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":659,"date":"2010-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A resolution impeaching G. Thomas Porteous, Jr., judge of the United States Dist"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B000611","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Christopher S. Bond has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Christopher S. Bond triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000611"]}],"C001041":[{"id":"P29_C001041_7pl5yk","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 12 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CLINTON, Hillary Rodham voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 12 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2008-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide alternative minimum"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2008-10-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure ce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2008-10-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to approve the United States-India Agreement for Cooperation on Peaceful "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2008-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fis"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":645,"date":"2008-09-23","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To provide alternative minimum tax relief, and for other purposes."}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P137_C001041","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Hillary Rodham Clinton ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $202M across 17 cycles","explanation":"Hillary Rodham Clinton's FEC-bulk record shows $201.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 17 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":201.62,"cycleCount":17,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S0NY00188"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0NY00188/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001163":[{"id":"P29_S001163_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with CO D delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SALAZAR, Kenneth Lee voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2008-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide alternative minimum"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2008-10-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure ce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2008-10-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to approve the United States-India Agreement for Cooperation on Peaceful "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":650,"date":"2008-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fis"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":649,"date":"2008-09-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fis"}],"citations":[]}],"B000382":[{"id":"P29_B000382_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with UT R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BENNETT, Robert voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2010-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Ellen Lipton Hollander, of Maryland, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":675,"date":"2010-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to amend title 28, United States Code, to clarify and improve certain pro"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2010-12-13","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2010-12-09","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to authorize the cancellation of removal and adjustment of status of cert"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P138_B000382","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert F. Bennett draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.4M PAC / $28.3M total)","explanation":"Robert F. Bennett's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.4M of $28.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.38,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.29,"pacSharePct":36.7,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"S2UT00104"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2UT00104/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B000382","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert F. Bennett has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert F. Bennett triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000382"]}],"V000126":[{"id":"P29_V000126_7pl5yj","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OH R delegation on 11 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"VOINOVICH, George Victor voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 11 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"2010-12-18","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Ellen Lipton Hollander, of Maryland, to be United States District Judge for the "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2010-12-15","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":669,"date":"2010-12-13","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the funding and expe"}],"citations":[]}],"B001266":[{"id":"P29_B001266_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BURRIS, Roland voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2010-11-18","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act with respect to the saf"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":647,"date":"2010-11-17","sector":"Pharma","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act with respect to the saf"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":646,"date":"2010-11-17","sector":"Labor","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to provide more effective r"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2010-09-29","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2010-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2011, and for other purposes."}],"citations":[]}],"K000373":[{"id":"P29_K000373_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with DE D delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KAUFMAN, Edward E. (Ted) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":644,"date":"2010-09-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2011, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2010-09-29","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of ti"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2010-09-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2011, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2010-09-23","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to prohibit foreign in"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":635,"date":"2010-09-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2011 for military a"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_K000373","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward E. Kaufman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Edward E. Kaufman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000373"]}],"K000374":[{"id":"P29_K000374_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MA D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KIRK, Paul G., Jr. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":401,"date":"2010-01-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":9,"description":"To protect Social Security."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":398,"date":"2010-01-20","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":9,"description":"Beverly Baldwin Martin, of Georgia, to be United States Circuit Judge for the El"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":397,"date":"2009-12-24","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":9,"description":"A bill to permit continued financing of Government operations."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":395,"date":"2009-12-23","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":9,"description":"An act entitled The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":384,"date":"2009-12-19","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":9,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year e"}],"citations":[]}],"S000888":[{"id":"P29_S000888_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AK R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"STEVENS, Theodore Fulton (Ted) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2008-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide alternative minimum"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2008-09-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making emergency supplemental appropriations for economic recovery for th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":645,"date":"2008-09-23","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide alternative minimum tax relief, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2008-09-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To authorize, with an offset, an additional $100,000,000 for Procurement, Defens"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2008-07-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2009 for military a"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000888","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Stevens has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ted Stevens triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000888"]}],"C001057":[{"id":"P29_C001057_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MN R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"COLEMAN, Norm voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2008-07-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2009 for military a"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":636,"date":"2008-07-31","sector":"Education","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend and extend the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purpo"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":628,"date":"2008-07-26","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to provide needed housing reform and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":627,"date":"2008-07-25","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to provide needed housing reform and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":624,"date":"2008-07-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to provide"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C001057","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norm Coleman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Norm Coleman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001057"]}],"D000601":[{"id":"P29_D000601_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DOLE, Elizabeth Hanford voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":655,"date":"2008-10-01","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure ce"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":645,"date":"2008-09-23","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide alternative minimum tax relief, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2008-09-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To repeal the requirement for reduction of survivor annuities under the Survivor"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":625,"date":"2008-07-22","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Commodity Exchange Act, to prevent excessive price speculati"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":624,"date":"2008-07-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to provide"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000601","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Dole has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Elizabeth Dole triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000601"]}],"H001028":[{"id":"P29_H001028_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NE R delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HAGEL, Charles Timothy (Chuck) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2008-12-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide alternative minimum"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":648,"date":"2008-09-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making emergency supplemental appropriations for economic recovery for th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":645,"date":"2008-09-23","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide alternative minimum tax relief, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2008-09-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To repeal the requirement for reduction of survivor annuities under the Survivor"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2008-07-31","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"An original bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2009 for military a"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H001028","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chuck Hagel has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Chuck Hagel triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001028"]}],"S000064":[{"id":"P29_S000064_fsgho4","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MD D delegation on 7 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SARBANES, Paul Spyros voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 7 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Kent A. Jordan, of Delaware, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Cir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2006-12-06","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2006-12-05","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To provide emergency agricultural disaster assistance."}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_S000064","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul S. Sarbanes has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Paul S. Sarbanes triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000064"]}],"B001126":[{"id":"P29_B001126_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MT R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BURNS, Conrad voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Kent A. Jordan, of Delaware, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Cir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":635,"date":"2006-11-16","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To make the waiver authority of the President contingent upon a certification th"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2006-11-16","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To declare that it is the policy of the United States to continue to support imp"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_B001126","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Conrad R. Burns has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Conrad R. Burns triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001126"]}],"D000596":[{"id":"P29_D000596_7pl5yi","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MN D delegation on 10 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DAYTON, Mark voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 10 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Kent A. Jordan, of Delaware, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Cir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2006-12-06","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"2006-12-05","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To provide emergency agricultural disaster assistance."}],"citations":[]}],"C001042":[{"id":"P29_C001042_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"CORZINE, Jon Stevens voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":366,"date":"2005-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year e"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":364,"date":"2005-12-21","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year e"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":360,"date":"2005-12-19","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":8,"peerNay":1,"description":"To authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2006 for military activities of the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_C001042","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon S. Corzine has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jon S. Corzine triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001042"]}],"F000439":[{"id":"P29_F000439_7pl5yq","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 18 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FRIST, William H. voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 18 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":642,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Kent A. Jordan, of Delaware, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Cir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":641,"date":"2006-12-08","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":5,"description":"Kent A. Jordan, of Delaware, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Third Cir"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":640,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":639,"date":"2006-12-07","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Andrew von Eschenbach, of Texas, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Departmen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":638,"date":"2006-12-06","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":3,"description":"Robert M. Gates, of Texas, to be Secretary of Defense"}],"citations":[]}],"N000102":[{"id":"P29_N000102_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with OK R delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"NICKLES, Donald Lee voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to modify te"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2004-10-09","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate that the 108th Congress should p"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":661,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To retain jurisdiction over the Secret Service in the Committee on the Judiciary"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To clarify the continuing applicability of section 504 of the National Security "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2004-09-30","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To stop corporations from financing terrorism."}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P89_N000102","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Nickles (left 2005) registered as LDA lobbyist — 3 clients across 5 filings","explanation":"Don Nickles left Congress in 2005 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $070000.0050000.0050000.0090000.0090000.00 from 3 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: L3 HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, NEXTERA ENERGY, INC., CHARTER BROKERAGE, LLC.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2005,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"070000.0050000.0050000.0090000.0090000.00","clientCount":3,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["L3 HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES","NEXTERA ENERGY, INC.","CHARTER BROKERAGE, LLC"],"sampleFirms":["THE NICKLES GROUP, LLC"],"filings":5,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Don%20Nickles"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Don%20Nickles","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]}],"M001141":[{"id":"P29_M001141_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with GA D delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MILLER, Zell Bryan voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":673,"date":"2004-11-19","sector":"Trade","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to modify te"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2004-11-17","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt l"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2004-10-11","sector":"Labor","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to remove impediments in such "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":661,"date":"2004-10-07","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To retain jurisdiction over the Secret Service in the Committee on the Judiciary"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":657,"date":"2004-10-06","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To clarify the continuing applicability of section 504 of the National Security "}],"citations":[]}],"H000463":[{"id":"P29_H000463_fsgho3","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 8 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HELMS, Jesse voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 8 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":630,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"Dennis W. Shedd, of South Carolina, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fo"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":629,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to establish the Department of Homeland Security, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":628,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to establish the Department of Homeland Security, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":626,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To establish the Department of Homeland Security, and for other purposes."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":618,"date":"2002-10-16","sector":"Elections","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to require States and localities to meet uniform and nondiscriminatory el"}],"citations":[]}],"M001085":[{"id":"P29_M001085_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AK R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MURKOWSKI, Frank Hughes voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":633,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":630,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"Dennis W. Shedd, of South Carolina, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fo"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M001085","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank H. Murkowski has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank H. Murkowski triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001085"]}],"T000457":[{"id":"P29_T000457_7pl5ym","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with TN R delegation on 14 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"THOMPSON, Fred Dalton voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 14 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":633,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":3,"peerNay":3,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"A bill to ensure the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":630,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":4,"description":"Dennis W. Shedd, of South Carolina, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fo"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":629,"date":"2002-11-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"A bill to establish the Department of Homeland Security, and for other purposes."}],"citations":[]}],"M001054":[{"id":"P29_M001054_7pl5zd","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NY D delegation on 20 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"MOYNIHAN, Daniel Patrick voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 20 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2000-10-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2000-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":661,"date":"2000-10-26","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "}],"citations":[]}],"B000993":[{"id":"P29_B000993_7pl5zg","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NV D delegation on 23 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRYAN, Richard H voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 23 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":670,"date":"2000-12-05","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":663,"date":"2000-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia and "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2000-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "}],"citations":[]}],"R000295":[{"id":"P29_R000295_7pl5yr","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with VA D delegation on 19 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ROBB, Charles Spittal voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 19 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":672,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":671,"date":"2000-12-07","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":663,"date":"2000-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia and "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2000-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "}],"citations":[]}],"A000356":[{"id":"P29_A000356_7pl5yo","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with MO R delegation on 16 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"ASHCROFT, John David voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 16 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":668,"date":"2000-11-01","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":666,"date":"2000-10-29","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":665,"date":"2000-10-28","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":662,"date":"2000-10-27","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":653,"date":"2000-10-19","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to enhance security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to "}],"citations":[]}],"F000437":[{"id":"P29_F000437_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NC R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FAIRCLOTH, Duncan McLauchlin (Lauch) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":612,"date":"1998-10-21","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Transportation and related ag"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":610,"date":"1998-10-09","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Treasury Department, the United States Post"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":608,"date":"1998-10-09","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"An act to express United States foreign policy with respect to, and to strengthe"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_F000437","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lauch Faircloth has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lauch Faircloth triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000437"]}],"P000556":[{"id":"P29_P000556_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with AR D delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"PRYOR, David Hampton voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":901,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Treasury Department, the United States Post"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":882,"date":"1996-09-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for military construction, family housing, and base"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":881,"date":"1996-09-04","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"To require a plan for the allocation of Department of Veterans Affairs health ca"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":879,"date":"1996-09-04","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_P000556","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David H. Pryor has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"David H. Pryor triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000556"]},{"id":"P185_P000556","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David H. Pryor — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"David H. Pryor served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000556","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-h-pryor/P000556"]},{"id":"P200_P000556","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David H. Pryor — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–104)","explanation":"David H. Pryor began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000556","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-h-pryor/P000556"]}],"S000423":[{"id":"P29_S000423_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with IL D delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"SIMON, Paul Martin voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":901,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Treasury Department, the United States Post"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":899,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":6,"description":"To refer the White House Travel Office matter to the Court of Federal Claims."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":897,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Treasury Department, the United States Post"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":895,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":5,"peerNay":2,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to end deferral for United States sha"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":892,"date":"1996-09-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":6,"peerNay":1,"description":"An Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 1997 for military activities "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P185_S000423","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul Simon — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Paul Simon served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000423","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-simon/S000423"]},{"id":"P200_S000423","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul Simon — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–104)","explanation":"Paul Simon began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000423","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-simon/S000423"]}],"B001225":[{"id":"P29_B001225_fsgho2","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with NJ D delegation on 9 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"BRADLEY, William Warren (Bill) voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 9 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":899,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":3,"description":"To refer the White House Travel Office matter to the Court of Federal Claims."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"Y","peerYea":2,"peerNay":2,"description":"To prohibit the restriction of certain types of medical communications between a"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":895,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":1,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to end deferral for United States sha"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":892,"date":"1996-09-10","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":4,"peerNay":0,"description":"An Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 1997 for military activities "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":888,"date":"1996-09-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide that funding for Veterans medical care shall not be reduced to states"}],"citations":[]}],"H000445":[{"id":"P29_H000445_7pl5yl","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Broke with AL D delegation on 13 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HEFLIN, Howell Thomas voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 13 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":901,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Treasury Department, the United States Post"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":899,"date":"1996-09-12","sector":"Judiciary","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To refer the White House Travel Office matter to the Court of Federal Claims."},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":896,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To prohibit the restriction of certain types of medical communications between a"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":895,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Trade","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to end deferral for United States sha"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":882,"date":"1996-09-05","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for military construction, family housing, and base"}],"citations":[]}],"K000017":[{"id":"P29_K000017_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with KS R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"KASSEBAUM, Nancy Landon voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":878,"date":"1996-08-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to provide tax relief for small businesses, to protect jobs, to create op"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":873,"date":"1996-07-31","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To require the calculation of Federal-aid highway apportionments and allocations"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":870,"date":"1996-07-31","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To protect the taxpayer by ensuring that the Secretary of Energy does not accept"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_K000017","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nancy Landon Kassebaum has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Nancy Landon Kassebaum triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000017"]}],"F000438":[{"id":"P29_F000438_fsgho7","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with KS R delegation on 4 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"FRAHM, Sheila voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 4 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":897,"date":"1996-09-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Treasury Department, the United States Post"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":878,"date":"1996-08-02","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill to provide tax relief for small businesses, to protect jobs, to create op"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":873,"date":"1996-07-31","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To require the calculation of Federal-aid highway apportionments and allocations"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":870,"date":"1996-07-31","sector":"Energy","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"To protect the taxpayer by ensuring that the Secretary of Energy does not accept"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_F000438","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sheila Frahm has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sheila Frahm triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000438"]}],"D000030":[{"id":"P29_D000030_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with MO R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"DANFORTH, John Claggett voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":678,"date":"1994-08-12","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"To require a review of the National Reconnaissance Office Headquarters Building "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":677,"date":"1994-08-11","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year e"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":676,"date":"1994-08-11","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":3,"description":"Janet L. Yellen, of California, to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the "}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_D000030","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John C. Danforth has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John C. Danforth triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000030"]},{"id":"P200_D000030","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John C. Danforth — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"John C. Danforth began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000030","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-c-danforth/D000030"]}],"H000456":[{"id":"P29_H000456_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with PA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HEINZ, Henry John, III voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":637,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"RealEstate","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to authorize a new corporation to support State and local stategies for a"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":632,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 1991 for military functions o"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":631,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Defense","myVote":"Y","peerYea":1,"peerNay":2,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year e"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000456","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Heinz has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John Heinz triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000456"]},{"id":"P185_H000456","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Heinz — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John Heinz served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000456","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-heinz/H000456"]},{"id":"P200_H000456","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Heinz — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–102)","explanation":"John Heinz began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000456","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-heinz/H000456"]}],"M000346":[{"id":"P29_M000346_fsgho6","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with ID R delegation on 5 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"McCLURE, James Albertus voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 5 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":636,"date":"1990-10-27","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill to amend the Clean Air Act to provide for attainment and maintenance of h"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":634,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To provide that the Secretary of Transportation shall not reduce the obligation "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":633,"date":"1990-10-26","sector":"Transportation","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To provide that the Secretary of Transportation shall not reduce the obligation "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":612,"date":"1990-10-22","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide discretionary authority to the President for the drawdown, for Israel"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":609,"date":"1990-10-19","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To provide for the development of a proposal to restructure Egypt's military deb"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_M000346","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. McClure has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"James A. McClure triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000346"]},{"id":"P185_M000346","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. McClure — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"James A. McClure served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1991). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1991,"lastCongress":101}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000346","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-a-mcclure/M000346"]},{"id":"P200_M000346","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. McClure — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–101)","explanation":"James A. McClure began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000346","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-a-mcclure/M000346"]}],"H000951":[{"id":"P29_H000951_fsgho5","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with NH R delegation on 6 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"HUMPHREY, Gordon John voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 6 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":629,"date":"1990-10-25","sector":"Agriculture","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"An original bill to extend and revise agricultural price support and related pro"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":621,"date":"1990-10-24","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of the Interior and related agen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":617,"date":"1990-10-24","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":613,"date":"1990-10-22","sector":"Finance","myVote":"N","peerYea":3,"peerNay":0,"description":"A bill making appropriations for the Department of the Interior and related agen"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":612,"date":"1990-10-22","sector":"Defense","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":1,"description":"To provide discretionary authority to the President for the drawdown, for Israel"}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_H000951","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gordon J. Humphrey has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Gordon J. Humphrey triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000951"]}],"W000607":[{"id":"P29_W000607_fsgho8","pattern_type":"P29_DELEGATION_VOTE_BREAK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Broke with CA R delegation on 3 sector-related roll-call votes","explanation":"WILSON, Pete voted against the majority of same-state same-party peers on 3 sector-relevant roll calls. Delegation breaks can signal genuine independence — or donor-driven divergence. Cross-check which PAC industries line up with the break direction.","evidence":[{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":600,"date":"1990-10-18","sector":"Energy","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to reinstate the windfall profit tax "},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":594,"date":"1990-10-18","sector":"Healthcare","myVote":"N","peerYea":2,"peerNay":0,"description":"To strike provisions relating to minimum penalty levels under the Occupational S"},{"source":"vote_break","rollNumber":593,"date":"1990-10-18","sector":"Finance","myVote":"Y","peerYea":0,"peerNay":2,"description":"Sense of the Senate with respect to tax provisions."}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P174_W000607","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Pete Wilson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Pete Wilson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000607"]}],"F000444":[{"id":"P32_F000444","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"26% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.8× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 19 disclosed trades, 5 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.8× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":5,"total":19,"rate":26.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":3.83}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P40_F000444_AAPL_20140301","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in AAPL 18 days before FTC action","explanation":"Jeff Flake traded AAPL within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2014-03-01","title":"FTC Approves Final Order in Case About Apple Inc. Charging for Kids’ In-App Purchases Without Parental Consent","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-approves-final-order-case-about-apple-inc-charging-kids-app-purchases-without-parental-consent"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"AAPL","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2014-02-11","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2014/03/ftc-approves-final-order-case-about-apple-inc-charging-kids-app-purchases-without-parental-consent"]},{"id":"P174_F000444","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Flake has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jeff Flake triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000444"]}],"B001269":[{"id":"P32_B001269","pattern_type":"P32_HIGH_VIOLATION_RATE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"25% of this member's trades violate STOCK Act — 3.7× chamber median","explanation":"Out of 83 disclosed trades, 21 were filed more than 45 days late. That rate is 3.7× the median Senate member's rate (7%) — a systematic reporting delay pattern, not isolated mistakes.","evidence":[{"source":"violations","count":21,"total":83,"rate":25.3},{"source":"chamber_median","chamber":"Senate","median":6.9,"ratio":3.69}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P65_B001269_2016-01-29","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"26 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2016-01-29 — 19 unique tickers","explanation":"Lou Barletta executed 26 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2016-01-29 to 2016-01-29), spanning 19 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2016-01-29","windowEnd":"2016-01-29","tradeCount":26,"uniqueTickers":19,"totalDisclosedTrades":83,"sampleTickers":["AAPL","VFH","CL","VB","TDIV","VCIT","VCSH","DIA","VYM","MGK"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_B001269","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lou Barletta executed 6 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL SDY (20d apart)","explanation":"Lou Barletta has 6 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL SDY 2016-01-29 → 2016-02-18 (20d) · BUY→SELL VB 2016-02-10 → 2016-02-18 (8d) · BUY→SELL QQQ 2016-01-29 → 2016-02-18 (20d) · BUY→SELL VYM 2016-01-29 → 2016-02-18 (20d) · BUY→SELL VO 2016-02-10 → 2016-02-18 (8d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":6,"samples":[{"ticker":"SDY","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-01-29","date2":"2016-02-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VB","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-02-10","date2":"2016-02-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"QQQ","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-01-29","date2":"2016-02-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VYM","days":20,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-01-29","date2":"2016-02-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VO","days":8,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-02-10","date2":"2016-02-18","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"VFH","days":24,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-12-04","date2":"2015-12-28","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P178_B001269_2016-01-29","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lou Barletta — 26 trades on 2016-01-29","explanation":"Lou Barletta disclosed 26 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2016-01-29). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2016-01-29","count":26}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_B001269","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lou Barletta — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (83/83)","explanation":"Lou Barletta's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":83,"atBracket":83,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B001269","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lou Barletta — 37 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Lou Barletta has traded 37 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":37,"sample":["VCIT","AMZN","BRK.B","DIA","SDY","VXUS","VB","MGK","CWGL","LUK"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"H000636":[{"id":"P33_H000636","pattern_type":"P33_CROSS_COMMITTEE_TRADE_STACK","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stacked conflict: trades in 2 industries the member has committee power over","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa sits on committees regulating Healthcare, Pharma, Education, Labor, Finance, Real Estate and actively trades in Finance, Pharma. Overlap in multiple committee-regulated sectors compounds conflict-of-interest exposure.","evidence":[{"source":"committees","industries":["Healthcare","Pharma","Education","Labor","Finance","Real Estate"]},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Finance","count":6},{"source":"trade_sector","sector":"Pharma","count":7}],"citations":[]},{"id":"P65_H000636_2015-08-21","pattern_type":"P65_TRADE_BURST_WEEK","severity":"LOW","headline":"21 trades in a single 7-day window starting 2015-08-21 — 21 unique tickers","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa executed 21 disclosed trades within a single 7-day window (2015-08-21 to 2015-08-25), spanning 21 unique tickers. Burst-trading windows typically correlate with major news events — the textbook example is the 2020-03-19 to 2020-03-27 pre-COVID-announcement scandal (Sens. Burr, Loeffler, et al.). Cross-reference this burst date against committee hearings, market-moving events, and news cycles that week to identify the precipitating event. The journalist's question: was this routine portfolio rebalancing, an end-of-quarter event, or something else?","evidence":[{"source":"burst","windowStart":"2015-08-21","windowEnd":"2015-08-25","tradeCount":21,"uniqueTickers":21,"totalDisclosedTrades":134,"sampleTickers":["NGS","BIIB","VOO","REX","FPX","USMV","ASHR","VUG","BIDU","RSCO"]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_H000636","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ruben Hinojosa draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.3M PAC / $12.5M total)","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.3M of $12.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.31,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.55,"pacSharePct":42.3,"cycleCount":27,"fecId":"H6TX15055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX15055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_H000636","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ruben Hinojosa executed 4 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY GOOG (29d apart)","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa has 4 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY GOOG 2015-07-27 → 2015-08-25 (29d) · SELL→BUY GOOG 2015-11-27 → 2015-12-23 (26d) · BUY→SELL DWTI 2015-12-23 → 2016-01-11 (19d) · SELL→BUY BIIB 2013-12-31 → 2014-01-24 (24d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":4,"samples":[{"ticker":"GOOG","days":29,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-07-27","date2":"2015-08-25","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GOOG","days":26,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2015-11-27","date2":"2015-12-23","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"DWTI","days":19,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-12-23","date2":"2016-01-11","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"BIIB","days":24,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2013-12-31","date2":"2014-01-24","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_H000636","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben Hinojosa has clean-baseline profile: 4 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa triggers only 4 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":4,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000636"]},{"id":"P178_H000636_2015-08-21","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ruben Hinojosa — 19 trades on 2015-08-21","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa disclosed 19 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2015-08-21). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2015-08-21","count":19}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P179_H000636","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ruben Hinojosa — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (134/134)","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":134,"atBracket":134,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_H000636","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ruben Hinojosa — 70 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa has traded 70 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":70,"sample":["CVX","JPM","BA","MMM","OLCB","GE","DIS","GOOG","PEP","SBUX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H000636_LowerRioGrandeValley","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ruben Hinojosa sponsored \"Lower Rio Grande Valley Water Resources Conservation and Imp\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ruben Hinojosa has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Lower Rio Grande Valley Water Resources Conservation and Improvement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B000589":[{"id":"P40_B000589_TGT_20150701","pattern_type":"P40_ENFORCEMENT_ANTICIPATION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"1 trade in TGT 13 days before FTC action","explanation":"John A. Boehner traded TGT within 30 days before a publicly-announced enforcement action against the company. Cross-reference the member's committee assignments against the agency that brought the action: if they oversee the regulator, the information edge may trace to congressional proceedings.","evidence":[{"source":"enforcement","agency":"FTC","date":"2015-07-01","title":"FTC Action Puts an End to Fraudulent Debt Collection Scheme that Targeted Spanish-Speaking Consumers","penalty":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2015/07/ftc-action-puts-end-fraudulent-debt-collection-scheme-targeted-spanish-speaking-consumers"},{"source":"trade","ticker":"TGT","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2015-06-18","sector":"unknown"}],"citations":["https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2015/07/ftc-action-puts-end-fraudulent-debt-collection-scheme-targeted-spanish-speaking-consumers"]},{"id":"P136_B000589","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John A. Boehner ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $30.7M across 26 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"John A. Boehner's FEC-bulk record shows $30.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $133.8M (PAC: $30.7M, individual: $55.4M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":30.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":133.85,"lifetimeIndividualM":55.39,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0OH08029"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0OH08029/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_B000589","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John A. Boehner ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $134M across 26 cycles","explanation":"John A. Boehner's FEC-bulk record shows $133.8M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":133.85,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H0OH08029"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0OH08029/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_B000589","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John A. Boehner executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL CDK (1d apart)","explanation":"John A. Boehner has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL CDK 2014-10-01 → 2014-10-02 (1d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"CDK","days":1,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2014-10-01","date2":"2014-10-02","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P179_B000589","pattern_type":"P179_ROUND_BRACKET_TRADER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John A. Boehner — 100% of trades at standard PTR bracket boundaries (37/37)","explanation":"John A. Boehner's reported trades cluster at the standard PTR amount-range buckets ($1K-$15K, $15K-$50K, $50K-$100K) at 100% of trades. This is the legal disclosure format, but disproportionate clustering at the bracket boundary (rather than spread within it) can indicate manual filing without precise transaction-amount records — a compliance and accuracy signal worth verifying against brokerage statements.","evidence":[{"source":"round_bracket_trader","totalTrades":37,"atBracket":37,"pct":"100.0"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P180_B000589","pattern_type":"P180_HIGH_TICKER_DIVERSITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John A. Boehner — 33 unique tickers traded across history","explanation":"John A. Boehner has traded 33 unique tickers across their disclosure history. High ticker diversity (≥30) signals an actively managed personal portfolio that increases the surface area for committee-jurisdiction conflict overlap — every individual ticker brings the possibility of an issue-vote intersection. The PELOSI Act recusal proposals specifically target members with broad single-stock portfolios.","evidence":[{"source":"ticker_diversity","uniqueTickers":33,"sample":["ANTM","UNH","TGT","FCX","GILD","MDT","ABBV","JWN","NYSE: COV","COV"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"L000564":[{"id":"P42_L000564_NTAP_20210420","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NTAP 1 day after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Doug Lamborn buy $NTAP 1 day after a corporate insider (BERRY MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001269088)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTAP","action":"BUY","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-04-20"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTAP","filer":"BERRY MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001269088)","filingDate":"2021-04-19","adsh":"0001614094-21-000025","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000564_NTAP_20220725","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"SELL $NTAP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Doug Lamborn sell $NTAP 4 days after a corporate insider (Kurian George  (CIK 0001586813)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTAP","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2022-07-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTAP","filer":"Kurian George  (CIK 0001586813)","filingDate":"2022-07-21","adsh":"0001209191-22-042908","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P42_L000564_NTAP_20210607","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"BUY $NTAP 4 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Doug Lamborn buy $NTAP 4 days after a corporate insider (BERRY MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001269088)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTAP","action":"BUY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2021-06-07"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTAP","filer":"BERRY MICHAEL J  (CIK 0001269088)","filingDate":"2021-06-03","adsh":"0001614094-21-000032","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000564_NTAP_20211026","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"SELL $NTAP 1 day before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Doug Lamborn sell $NTAP 1 day before a corporate insider (Kurian George  (CIK 0001586813)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTAP","action":"SELL","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","tradeDate":"2021-10-26"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTAP","filer":"Kurian George  (CIK 0001586813)","filingDate":"2021-10-27","adsh":"0001614094-21-000081"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P43_L000564_NTAP_20210201","pattern_type":"P43_INSIDER_FRONT_RAN_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"BUY $NTAP 7 days before insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Doug Lamborn buy $NTAP 7 days before a corporate insider (Palin Carrie  (CIK 0001754302)) filed a Form 4. Form 4s are typically triggered by earnings releases, executive guidance, or material corporate events — so trading immediately before such a filing suggests the member may have had advance knowledge of the same precipitating event. The shorter the lead time, the harder this is to dismiss as coincidence.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"NTAP","action":"BUY","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2021-02-01"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"NTAP","filer":"Palin Carrie  (CIK 0001754302)","filingDate":"2021-02-08","adsh":"0001614094-21-000014"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P138_L000564","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Doug Lamborn draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.7M PAC / $11.8M total)","explanation":"Doug Lamborn's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.7M of $11.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.79,"pacSharePct":56.9,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H6CO05159"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CO05159/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_L000564","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doug Lamborn disclosed 6 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL NTAP $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Doug Lamborn has filed 6 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL NTAP $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-10-26 · BUY INTA $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-05-12 · SELL NTAP $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-04-26 · BUY NTAP $100,001 - $250,000 on 2021-04-20.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":6,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":1000006,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"NTAP","action":"SELL","date":"2021-10-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"INTA","action":"BUY","date":"2021-05-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NTAP","action":"SELL","date":"2021-04-26","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NTAP","action":"BUY","date":"2021-04-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TISI","action":"BUY","date":"2021-04-20","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NN","action":"SELL","date":"2021-02-01","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P141_L000564","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Doug Lamborn executed 2 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: BUY→SELL NTAP (6d apart)","explanation":"Doug Lamborn has 2 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: BUY→SELL NTAP 2021-04-20 → 2021-04-26 (6d) · BUY→SELL NN 2022-07-19 → 2022-07-25 (6d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":2,"samples":[{"ticker":"NTAP","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2021-04-20","date2":"2021-04-26","amount1":"$100,001 - $250,000","amount2":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"NN","days":6,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2022-07-19","date2":"2022-07-25","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P198_L000564","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Doug Lamborn — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Doug Lamborn has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000564","https://www.congress.gov/member/doug-lamborn/L000564"]}],"D000615":[{"id":"P42_D000615_CL_20230825","pattern_type":"P42_INSIDER_FOLLOWED_TRADE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"SELL $CL 2 days after insider Form 4 filing","explanation":"Jeff Duncan sell $CL 2 days after a corporate insider (BRADY ROBERT T  (CIK 0001020325)) filed a Form 4 with the SEC. Form 4s are public, so this isn't necessarily improper — but rapid follow-through on insider disclosures within a small window is the textbook \"shadow trade\" pattern that academic studies (Cohen-Malloy-Pomorski 2012) link to outperformance. The shorter the lag, the more pointed the signal.","evidence":[{"source":"trade","ticker":"CL","action":"SELL","amount":"$1,001 - $15,000","tradeDate":"2023-08-25"},{"source":"insider_form4","ticker":"CL","filer":"BRADY ROBERT T  (CIK 0001020325)","filingDate":"2023-08-23","adsh":"0001209191-23-047053","sourceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40&search_text="}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=4&dateb=&owner=include&count=40"]},{"id":"P89_D000615","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Duncan (left 2025, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — 2 clients across 3 filings","explanation":"Jeff Duncan left Congress in 2025 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $020000.0063000.0063000.00 from 2 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: SOUTH CAROLINA COUNCIL ON COMPETITIVENESS, OLIN CORPORATION.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2025,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":"020000.0063000.0063000.00","clientCount":2,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["SOUTH CAROLINA COUNCIL ON COMPETITIVENESS","OLIN CORPORATION"],"sampleFirms":["COVENANT GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, LLC"],"filings":3,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jeff%20Duncan"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jeff%20Duncan","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_D000615","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jeff Duncan draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.3M PAC / $15.6M total)","explanation":"Jeff Duncan's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.3M of $15.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.59,"pacSharePct":47.1,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0SC03077"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0SC03077/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_D000615","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Duncan — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Jeff Duncan has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000615","https://www.congress.gov/member/jeff-duncan/D000615"]}],"T000250":[{"id":"P53_T000250_IRT","pattern_type":"P53_SENATE_PFD_HOLDING_TRADE","severity":"LOW","headline":"1 trade in $IRT — also a disclosed holding (None (or less than $1,001))","explanation":"John Thune disclosed an asset position in $IRT on their 2023 Senate annual financial disclosure (Senate eFD), with declared value range None (or less than $1,001). The same senator has executed 1 reported trade in $IRT per the STOCK Act periodic transaction reports. Holding a stock as a personal investment AND actively trading it — while voting on legislation that affects the same companies — is a textbook position-conflict that the STOCK Act was designed to surface.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_asset","ticker":"IRT","assetName":"IRT - Independence Realty Trust, Inc. Common Stock Description: Apartment buildings (Various, Variou","valueRange":"None (or less than $1,001)","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ef0495c9-d9fd-4f1c-a7c5-f129031bcaca/"},{"source":"trades","ticker":"IRT","tradeCount":1,"sample":[{"action":"SELL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","tradeDate":"2022-05-05"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ef0495c9-d9fd-4f1c-a7c5-f129031bcaca/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P74_T000250_2015","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Acquired 7 new ticker holdings in 2015 not present in prior PFD filings — including FKITX, JABAX, ICPSZ, SGENX, SCHB, YAFFX","explanation":"John Thune's 2015 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 7 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: FKITX, JABAX, ICPSZ, SGENX, SCHB, YAFFX, OAKGX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2015,"count":7,"newTickers":["FKITX","JABAX","ICPSZ","SGENX","SCHB","YAFFX","OAKGX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/63ffa077-4d9a-4866-af6d-0e0ab86031c3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/63ffa077-4d9a-4866-af6d-0e0ab86031c3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P79_T000250_2018","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 6 ticker holdings between 2017 and 2018 — including FKITX, JABAX, BALFX, OAKBX, ICPSZ, OAKGX","explanation":"John Thune's 2018 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 ticker holdings present in the 2017 filing but absent in 2018. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: FKITX, JABAX, BALFX, OAKBX, ICPSZ, OAKGX.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2017,2018],"count":6,"divestedTickers":["FKITX","JABAX","BALFX","OAKBX","ICPSZ","OAKGX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/239fe8a8-8dd3-43df-bb0e-4a5705e53491/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/239fe8a8-8dd3-43df-bb0e-4a5705e53491/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_T000250_2013","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Thune filed 2 amendments to the 2013 Senate annual disclosure — 6 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. John Thune's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2013 report alone, with 6 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2013,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":6,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/BBBD2FCE-59FE-40A4-AA9A-4C3BC818AF6E/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/BBBD2FCE-59FE-40A4-AA9A-4C3BC818AF6E/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/BBBD2FCE-59FE-40A4-AA9A-4C3BC818AF6E/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/BBBD2FCE-59FE-40A4-AA9A-4C3BC818AF6E/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_T000250_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Thune discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 16% of 38 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. John Thune's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 38 total reported assets — 16% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Joint Schwab Account (--) · Personal Schwab IRA Account (--) · Spouse Schwab Roth IRA Account (--) · College Access 529 Institution: Allianz Global Investors (--) · College Access 529 Institution: Allianz Global Investors (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":38,"opaqueRatio":0.158,"samples":[{"asset":"Joint Schwab Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Personal Schwab IRA Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"Spouse Schwab Roth IRA Account","value":"--"},{"asset":"College Access 529 Institution: Allianz Global Investors","value":"--"},{"asset":"College Access 529 Institution: Allianz Global Investors","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_T000250_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Thune's 2025 PFD: 19 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (49% of 39 reported assets)","explanation":"John Thune's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 19 reported holdings owned by Spouse (8), Joint (11), or Dependent (0) — 49% of 39 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Joint Schwab Account · Joint: FKITX - Franklin Federal Intermediate-Term Tax-Free Inco · Joint: CHSCP - CHS Inc · Joint: JABAX - Janus Henderson Balanced Fund - T Shares.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":8,"Joint":11,"Dependent":0,"Self":19},"totalAssets":39,"familyShare":0.487,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Joint Schwab Account","value":"--"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"FKITX - Franklin Federal Intermediate-Term Tax-Free Inco","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"CHSCP - CHS Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"JABAX - Janus Henderson Balanced Fund - T Shares","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"TRAIX - T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation Fund - I Clas","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P90_T000250","pattern_type":"P90_SCHEDULE_B_FAMILY_PAYMENT","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Thune's campaign paid $89,000 to 1 surname-matched vendor — top: 2024 THUNE REPUBLICAN SENATE VICTORY ($89,000)","explanation":"John Thune's campaign committee Schedule B operating-disbursements report 3 payments totaling $89,000 to vendor sharing the member's surname (high-confidence surname match, excluding loans/transfers/refunds and committee-to-committee transfers). Family-tied vendor payments are legal but require disclosure; concentrated flows to relatives or family-owned firms have triggered prior ethics reviews. Journalist hook: identify the named individual or LLC, confirm relationship to the member, then assess whether the rate is market-comparable. Top payee: 2024 THUNE REPUBLICAN SENATE VICTORY ($89,000 across 3 payments, services: CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE · CONTRIBUTION). Cycles covered: 2024.","evidence":[{"source":"schedule_b_family","totalAmount":89000,"paymentCount":3,"payeeCount":1,"topPayees":[{"payee":"2024 THUNE REPUBLICAN SENATE VICTORY","total":89000,"count":3,"descriptions":["CONTRIBUTION TO COMMITTEE","CONTRIBUTION"]}],"surname":"thune"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/disbursements/?committee_id=S2SD00068&data_type=processed","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/keeping-records/operating-expenditures/"]},{"id":"P93_T000250","pattern_type":"P93_PFD_LATE_FILING","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Thune filed 3 annual PFDs ≥30 days late — worst: 83 days past May 15 deadline","explanation":"Senate annual financial disclosures are due May 15 of each calendar year per 5 U.S.C. § 13103. John Thune has filed 3 annual PFDs more than 30 days past the May 15 deadline; the worst was 83 days late. Late filings beyond 30 days require a written extension request and beyond 90 days the filing has materially missed the public-disclosure window — meaning the public could not see the senator's positions during the period when those positions might have been actionable. The Senate Ethics Committee can impose a $200 late fee but rarely escalates further, so public disclosure remains the primary accountability mechanism. Late filings: 2020 (83d late, filed 08/06/2020) · 2021 (38d late, filed 06/22/2021) · 2014 (32d late, filed 06/16/2014).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_late_filing","filingsLate":3,"maxDaysLate":83,"samples":[{"year":2020,"filingDate":"08/06/2020","daysLate":83,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0be391d3-7a82-4a17-9189-7bf0201f95ae/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2019"},{"year":2021,"filingDate":"06/22/2021","daysLate":38,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d0245a09-294f-491e-ad0b-081b33688f2a/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2020 (Amendment 1)"},{"year":2014,"filingDate":"06/16/2014","daysLate":32,"viewUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6e798e72-08d4-4131-a100-638614b5515c/","title":"Annual Report for CY 2013 (Amendment 1)"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/0be391d3-7a82-4a17-9189-7bf0201f95ae/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d0245a09-294f-491e-ad0b-081b33688f2a/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/6e798e72-08d4-4131-a100-638614b5515c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P95_T000250_2025","pattern_type":"P95_PFD_PRECIOUS_METAL_HOLDING","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Thune discloses 5 precious-metal holdings on 2025 PFD — SGGDX - First Eagle Gold Fund, PHYS - Sprott Physical Gold Trust ETV","explanation":"John Thune's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 5 precious-metal positions (physical gold/silver bullion, GLD/SLV ETFs, gold-mining stocks, platinum/palladium funds). Precious metals are the classic dollar / inflation / monetary-policy hedge — they appreciate when fiat-currency credibility erodes, when the Federal Reserve loses inflation control, or when geopolitical risk drives flight-to-safety. Senators with metals exposure who vote on Federal Reserve oversight, Treasury debt-ceiling votes, fiat-currency stability, gold-standard or sound-money proposals (Sen. Lee, Rep. Massie), and central bank digital currency (CBDC) policy hold a personal portfolio that benefits when their own fiscal/monetary votes erode dollar credibility. Holdings: SGGDX - First Eagle Gold Fund · PHYS - Sprott Physical Gold Trust ETV · FEGIX - First Eagle Gold Fund Class I · SGGDX - First Eagle Gold Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_precious_metal","year":"2025","holdingCount":5,"holdings":[{"name":"SGGDX - First Eagle Gold Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"PHYS - Sprott Physical Gold Trust ETV","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"FEGIX - First Eagle Gold Fund Class I","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"name":"SGGDX - First Eagle Gold Fund","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"name":"FEGIX - First Eagle Gold Fund Class I","type":"Mutual Funds Mutual Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm"]},{"id":"P96_T000250_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Thune owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: PNC Dayton, Ohio","explanation":"John Thune's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 3.375% (15 years) from PNC Dayton, Ohio.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.375% (15 years)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"PNC Dayton, Ohio","incurred":"2012"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P109_T000250","pattern_type":"P109_JFC_CHANNELED_MEMBER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Thune named on 1 Joint Fundraising Committee ($5.6M total receipts) — top: THUNE VICTORY COMMITTEE","explanation":"John Thune appears as a candidate beneficiary on 1 FEC-registered Joint Fundraising Committee, with combined receipts of $5.6M across all listed JFCs. JFCs are multi-candidate / multi-committee fundraising vehicles that allow a single donor check to be split among participants — effectively letting high-dollar donors bypass the per-candidate contribution limit by writing to the JFC instead. The largest JFCs handle billionaire-class donations; members listed on multiple JFCs become network nodes for that money flow. Top JFC: THUNE VICTORY COMMITTEE (C00673715, $5.6M receipts, treasurer OTTENHOFF, BENJAMIN). Active years: 5, first seen 2018.","evidence":[{"source":"jfc_candidate_index","jfcCount":1,"totalReceiptsM":5.62,"jfcs":[{"committeeId":"C00673715","name":"THUNE VICTORY COMMITTEE","receipts":5621641.25,"treasurer":"OTTENHOFF, BENJAMIN","activeYears":5,"sourceUrl":"https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00673715/"}]}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00673715/","https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00673715/","https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/joint-fundraising/"]},{"id":"P136_T000250","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Thune ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $28.3M across 19 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"John Thune's FEC-bulk record shows $28.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $131.5M (PAC: $28.3M, individual: $80.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":28.33,"lifetimeReceiptsM":131.47,"lifetimeIndividualM":80.09,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S2SD00068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2SD00068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_T000250","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Thune ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $131M across 19 cycles","explanation":"John Thune's FEC-bulk record shows $131.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":131.47,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2SD00068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2SD00068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P157_T000250","pattern_type":"P157_SPONSORED_BILLS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Thune ranks top-decile for lifetime sponsored bills: 1,042 sponsored, 2,796 cosponsored","explanation":"John Thune's congress.gov record shows 1,042 bills sponsored across their tenure, placing them in the top decile of all members in our cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: 600). High-sponsorship members are typically multi-decade incumbents or long-running policy-portfolio entrepreneurs who introduce hundreds of bills per Congress. Their volume creates sheer opportunity surface area: every sponsored bill is a potential sector-policy touchpoint that intersects with their PFD holdings, donor base, or committee jurisdiction. Cross-reference the member's sponsored-bill industries (via bill-classification taxonomy) against their P130 sector concentration and P148 dominant PAC industry to identify whether the legislative pipeline aligns with portfolio and funding interests.","evidence":[{"source":"sponsored_bills_top_decile","sponsoredCount":1042,"cosponsoredCount":2796,"p90Threshold":600}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/member/john-thune/T000250","https://www.congress.gov/legislation"]},{"id":"P161_T000250_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Thune's 2025 PFD includes 2 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"John Thune's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 2 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Age Based 0-6 Years CUSIP 83754Q619 · Age Based 0-6 Years CUSIP 83754Q619.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"asset":"Age Based 0-6 Years CUSIP 83754Q619","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Age Based 0-6 Years CUSIP 83754Q619","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P172_SD_junior","pattern_type":"P172_STATE_DELEGATION_DUAL_FLAG","severity":"LOW","headline":"SD delegation: John Thune & Mike Rounds both flagged on 8 shared detector types","explanation":"Both senators from SD — John Thune and Mike Rounds — are flagged on the same 8 detector types in Officium's lattice, with 0 of those overlaps being HIGH-severity for both senators. Same-state delegation alignment is a network-signal warranting investigation of shared donor / staff / consultant infrastructure or state-economy effects driving parallel choices. Shared detectors: P74, P79, P82, P83, P87, P90, P93, P95.","evidence":[{"source":"state_dual_flag","state":"SD","otherSenatorBid":"R000605","otherSenatorName":"Mike Rounds","sharedDetectorCount":8,"sharedHighCount":0,"sharedDetectors":["P74","P79","P82","P83","P87","P90","P93","P95"]}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000250","https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000605"]},{"id":"P193_T000250_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Thune — 23 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"John Thune's 2025 Senate PFD shows 23 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":23,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/da632936-283a-44b9-a261-535973791a12/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P199_T000250","pattern_type":"P199_FRESHMAN_TOP_DECILE_FUNDRAISER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Thune — freshman/2nd-term member already in top-decile lifetime receipts ($65.7M)","explanation":"John Thune is a freshman or 2nd-term member with $65.7M in lifetime receipts — already in the top decile across all sitting members. New members who arrive with established donor pipelines typically reflect either (a) self-funded campaigns, (b) major-donor early commitments via JFCs, or (c) party-leadership fundraising support. Investigate the donor breakdown and JFC participation for the funding source.","evidence":[{"source":"freshman_top_decile_fundraiser","raised":65735034,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2SD00068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000556":[{"id":"P54_G000556_Energy","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"8 Energy votes — senator holds 1 Energy stock (VLO)","explanation":"Alan Grayson discloses holdings in Energy-sector stocks (VLO) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 8 reported votes on Energy-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Energy","tickers":["VLO"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2014-12-11","billNumber":"HR83","question":"On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment with an Amendment","description":"An Act to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to address the energy needs of the insular areas of the United","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/83"},{"source":"vote","date":"2014-12-11","billNumber":"HRES776","question":"On Agreeing to the Resolution","description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendment to H.R. 83, to require the Secretary of the Interior to assemble a team of experts to ad","vote":"Nay","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/776"},{"source":"vote","date":"2014-12-01","billNumber":"HR3438","question":"On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass","description":"To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize use of grants under the Urban Area Security Initiative and the State Homeland Securi","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3438"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P69_G000556","pattern_type":"P69_PFD_HEAVY_LIABILITY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses $2.1M in personal liabilities (24% leverage of assets) — 13 liability items","explanation":"Alan Grayson's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $2,142,506 in personal liabilities against $9,081,555.5 in assets — a 23.6% leverage ratio. Personal debt creates financial pressure that influences voting behavior — a senator with $2.1M in personal loans has incentives distinct from a debt-free colleague. Top liabilities: Debtor; Self; Spouse. The disclosure is publicly searchable on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"liability_summary","year":"2025","totalLiabMid":2142506,"totalAssetMid":9081555.5,"leverageRatio":23.6,"liabCount":13,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Debtor","fullRow":"# · Incurred · Debtor · Type · Points · Rate (Term) · Amount · Creditor · Comments"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"1 · 2021 · Self · Mortgage · None · 2.5% (30 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · Homepoint Dallas, TX · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Spouse","fullRow":"2 · 2013 · Spouse · Mortgage · None · 2.625% (30 years) · $100,001 - $250,000 · Freedom Mortgage Boca Raton, FL · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"3 · 2018 · Self · Educational Loan · - · 7% (10 years) · $250,001 - $500,000 · US Government Washington, DC · n/a"},{"source":"liability","creditor":"Self","fullRow":"4 · 2022 · Self · Revolving Charge · - · 16% (on demand) · $15,001 - $50,000 · Alliant Chicago, IL · n/a"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P70_G000556","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 8 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Manager) at Sibylline Management Co. Orlando, FL","explanation":"Alan Grayson's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 8 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Manager) at Sibylline Management Co. Orlando, FL (Corporation); Partner at Sibyllne Fund L.P. Orlando, FL (Partnership); Trustee at GSA Telecommunications Trust Orlando, FL (Trust).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":8,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Other (Manager)","entity":"Sibylline Management Co. Orlando, FL","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Partner","entity":"Sibyllne Fund L.P. Orlando, FL","entityType":"Partnership"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to Aug 2021","role":"Trustee","entity":"GSA Telecommunications Trust Orlando, FL","entityType":"Trust"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Grayson Foundation Orlando, FL","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Director","entity":"AMG TR P.C. Orlando, FL","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Director","entity":"GL CTR P.C. Orlando, FL","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Director","entity":"Grayson Consulting, Inc. Orlando, FL","entityType":"Corporation"},{"dates":"Apr 2020 to present","role":"Trustee","entity":"Liora Jonas Family 2020 Trust Orlando, FL","entityType":"Trust"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_G000556","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$533,532 in outside earned income — top source: Alan Grayson, Esq., Sole Proprietor Orlando, FL ($$432,657.00)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $533,532 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Alan Grayson, Esq., Sole Proprietor Orlando, FL ($432,657.00, Self-Employment Income); GL CTR P.C. (actual name of entity, not acronym; position li ($100,875.00, Member Draw).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":533532,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Alan Grayson, Esq., Sole Proprietor Orlando, FL","amount":"$432,657.00","amountNumeric":432657},{"owner":"Self","type":"Member Draw","source":"GL CTR P.C. (actual name of entity, not acronym; position listed in Part 8) Orla","amount":"$100,875.00","amountNumeric":100875}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 23 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including CISS, MUX, SDRL, SYF, TWLO, UTHR","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 23 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: CISS, MUX, SDRL, SYF, TWLO, UTHR, SDAWW, TMCWW, ABL, CUBA, GM, GROY.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":23,"newTickers":["CISS","MUX","SDRL","SYF","TWLO","UTHR","SDAWW","TMCWW","ABL","CUBA","GM","GROY"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P77_G000556","pattern_type":"P77_PFD_FOREIGN_COUNTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 country-specific foreign-equity position — countries: India","explanation":"Alan Grayson's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 country-specific foreign-equity holdings spanning 1 countries — India. These are NOT diversified emerging-markets funds; each position is tied to a specific country's stock market or sovereign-debt vehicle. Country-specific exposure is newsworthy especially when paired with the senator's foreign-policy committee work or trade-legislation votes affecting that country. Sample: India → IFN - India Fund, Inc. (The) Common Stock ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"foreign_holdings","year":"2025","totalAssets":1,"countries":["India"],"byCountry":{"India":[{"assetName":"IFN - India Fund, Inc. (The) Common Stock","valueRange":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]},"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P81_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P81_PFD_DERIVATIVE_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson discloses 6 private-company / restricted stock positions — GL CTR P.C. non-public stock Company: GL CTR P.C. (Orlando, Florida) Description…","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes explicit derivative or restricted-equity instruments beyond long-only stocks/bonds/funds. Speculative derivatives (puts, calls, short sales, leveraged/inverse ETFs, futures spreads) signal active directional bets — often short-dated and leveraged — that magnify the senator's exposure to industries the Senate regulates. Compensation derivatives (private-company stock options, restricted stock, RSUs) typically carry over from pre-Senate roles but can vest during a senator's term, creating ongoing alignment with the issuing company. This filing reports 6 qualifying instruments: 0 speculative + 6 compensation. The PELOSI Act reform debate specifically cites derivative trading as the most acute conflict-of-interest signal — Sen. Markey's bill would prohibit members from \"any acquisition of any covered investment\" including options. Sample positions: GL CTR P.C. non-public stock Company: GL CTR P.C. (Orlando,  · AMG TR P.C. non-public stock Company: AMG TR P.C. (Orlando, .","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_derivatives","year":"2025","speculativeCount":0,"compensationCount":6,"speculative":[],"compensation":[{"asset":"GL CTR P.C. non-public stock Company: GL CTR P.C. (Orlando, Florida) Description: Law practice.","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"AMG TR P.C. non-public stock Company: AMG TR P.C. (Orlando, FL) Description: former law practice","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"Grayson Consulting, Inc. stock Company: Grayson Consulting, Inc. (Orlando, FL) Description: Consulting","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"United Mobile Technology, Inc. member interest Company: United Mobile Technology, Inc. (Orlando, FL) Description: mobile technology","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases"]},{"id":"P83_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alan Grayson discloses 13 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 13 unascertainable, 13% of 99 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 13 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 13 unascertainable) across 99 total reported assets — 13% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Schwab IRA (--) · Derivium Claims and Judgments Description : Claims and Judgments (Unascertainable) · ACM Note Description : Note on receivable. (Unascertainable) · G&K and K&A Notes Description : Notes on loans (Unascertainable) · AMG TR PC Judgments Description : judgments (Unascertainable).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":13,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":13,"totalAssets":99,"opaqueRatio":0.131,"samples":[{"asset":"Schwab IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Derivium Claims and Judgments Description : Claims and Judgments","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"ACM Note Description : Note on receivable.","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"G&K and K&A Notes Description : Notes on loans","value":"Unascertainable"},{"asset":"AMG TR PC Judgments Description : judgments","value":"Unascertainable"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alan Grayson's 2025 PFD: 40 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (40% of 100 reported assets)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 40 reported holdings owned by Spouse (36), Joint (3), or Dependent (1) — 40% of 100 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Dependent: FAST.JK · Joint: Grayson Consulting, Inc. stock Company: Grayson Consulting, Inc. (Orlando, FL) D · Joint: Truist (Orlando, FL) Type: Checking · Spouse: UC (Univ. of Cal.) Domestic Small Cap Equity Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":36,"Joint":3,"Dependent":1,"Self":59},"totalAssets":100,"familyShare":0.4,"samples":[{"owner":"Dependent","asset":"FAST.JK","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Grayson Consulting, Inc. stock Company: Grayson Consulting, Inc. (Orlando, FL) D","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Truist (Orlando, FL) Type: Checking","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"UC (Univ. of Cal.) Domestic Small Cap Equity Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Merrill Lynch (New York, NY) Type: Money Market Account","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P94_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P94_PFD_CRYPTO_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson discloses 1 crypto-related holding on 2025 PFD — GBTC","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 cryptocurrency or crypto-related position (direct BTC/ETH, GBTC, Coinbase / Marathon / Riot / mining stocks, stablecoins, NFTs, blockchain ETFs). Crypto regulation is a live legislative debate — FIT21 (House-passed market structure bill), the GENIUS Act (stablecoin oversight), CFTC vs SEC jurisdiction over digital commodities, and ongoing tax-treatment debates all flow through Senate Banking, Senate Agriculture, House Financial Services, and House Agriculture committees. Senators with crypto exposure voting on crypto regulation establishes direct sector-specific conflict on a fast-moving asset class. Holdings: GBTC.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_crypto","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"holdings":[{"name":"GBTC","type":"Mutual Funds Exchange Traded Fund/Note","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4763"]},{"id":"P96_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson owes 2 named-bank loans on 2025 PFD — top: American Express New","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 2 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Revolving Charge ($$15,001 - $50,000) at prime+14%% (on demand) from American Express New · Revolving Charge ($$50,001 - $100,000) at prime+9%% (on demand) from Bank of America.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":2,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"prime+14%% (on demand)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"American Express New York, NY","incurred":"2022"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"prime+9%% (on demand)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"Bank of America Charlotte, NC","incurred":"2022"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P98_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alan Grayson carries 3 high-rate debt entries (≥12% APR) on 2025 PFD — top: 16% (on demand) Revolving Charge","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 personal liabilities at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Revolving Charge 16% (on demand) from Alliant Chicago, IL ($$15,001 - $50,000) · Revolving Charge prime+14%% (on demand) from American Express New ($$15,001 - $50,000) · Revolving Charge prime+12%% (on demand) from Citi New York, ($$50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2025","count":3,"loans":[{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"16% (on demand)","creditor":"Alliant Chicago, IL","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"prime+14%% (on demand)","creditor":"American Express New York, NY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"type":"Revolving Charge","rate":"prime+12%% (on demand)","creditor":"Citi New York, NY","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Trustee · Grayson Foundation Orlando, FL","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Trustee · Grayson Foundation Orlando, FL.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Trustee","entity":"Grayson Foundation Orlando, FL","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jan 2019 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P103_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alan Grayson holds 3 for-profit officer/director roles on 2025 PFD — top: Director · AMG TR P.C. Orlando,","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 3 active officer or director roles in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Director · AMG TR P.C. Orlando, (Corporation) · Director · GL CTR P.C. Orlando, (Corporation) · Director · Grayson Consulting, Inc. Orlando, (Corporation).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":3,"roles":[{"position":"Director","entity":"AMG TR P.C. Orlando, FL","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 2019 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"GL CTR P.C. Orlando, FL","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 2019 to present"},{"position":"Director","entity":"Grayson Consulting, Inc. Orlando, FL","entityType":"Corporation","dates":"Jan 2019 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P104_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P104_PFD_FAMILY_BUSINESS_ENTITY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alan Grayson's 2025 PFD lists 4 entities bearing the surname \"Grayson\" — top: Grayson Consulting, Inc. stock Company:","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure references 4 entities whose name includes the senator's surname \"Grayson\" — appearing as either reportable asset (Part 3) or position held (Part 8). Family-named entities are typically (a) pre-Senate businesses the senator continues to own or operate, (b) inherited family enterprises with mixed generational ownership, or (c) personal trusts and LLCs created for estate-planning or campaign-payment processing. All three cases warrant closer scrutiny: the family-named entity may have client relationships, federal contracts (cross-reference USAspending.gov), real-estate holdings, or operational footprints that overlap with the senator's committee jurisdictions. Entities flagged: Grayson Consulting, Inc. stock Company: (asset) · Cash Loans to the Committee (asset) · Grayson Foundation Orlando, FL (position) · Grayson Consulting, Inc. Orlando, FL (position).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_business","year":"2025","surname":"Grayson","count":4,"matches":[{"source":"asset","entry":"Grayson Consulting, Inc. stock Company: Grayson Consulting, Inc. (Orlando, FL) Description: Consulti","type":"Corporate Securities Non-Public Stock"},{"source":"asset","entry":"Cash Loans to the Committee to Elect Alan Grayson Company: Committee to Elect Alan Grayson (Orlando,","type":"Accounts Receivable From a Business"},{"source":"position","entry":"Grayson Foundation Orlando, FL","position":"Trustee"},{"source":"position","entry":"Grayson Consulting, Inc. Orlando, FL","position":"Director"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alan Grayson holds 4 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — GM ($31.8M), VLO ($3.3M), SYF ($1.7M)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $38.3M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: GM ($31.8M, 62 filings) · VLO ($3.3M, 26 filings) · SYF ($1.7M, 12 filings) · TWLO ($1.4M, 10 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":4,"totalLobbyAcrossM":38.25,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GM","totalLobby":31820000,"recordCount":62,"topClient":"GENERAL MOTORS"},{"ticker":"VLO","totalLobby":3310000,"recordCount":26,"topClient":"VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"SYF","totalLobby":1690000,"recordCount":12,"topClient":"SYNCHRONY FINANCIAL"},{"ticker":"TWLO","totalLobby":1430000,"recordCount":10,"topClient":"TWILIO INC."}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P108_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson holds 1 federal-contractor ticker on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $15M) — top: GM ($15.2M)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in company that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $15M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: GM ($15.2M, 324 contracts, General Services Administration).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":1,"totalContractValueM":15.16,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GM","total":15159506,"count":324,"agencies":["General Services Administration"],"latestDate":"2026-04-14"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P112_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P112_PFD_SIN_INDUSTRY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson holds 1 sin-industry ticker on 2025 PFD across 1 category — Coal (ARCH)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in sin / vice / controversial industries across 1 category: Coal — ARCH. These industries are subject to ongoing federal regulatory debate and aligned with specific committee jurisdictions: tobacco (FDA Center for Tobacco Products, federal excise tax), alcohol (TTB regulation), gambling (state-by-state but federal sports-betting / online-poker debates), firearms (ATF rules, gun-control legislation in Senate Judiciary), private prisons (BOP contracts, ICE detention contracts, criminal-justice reform), and coal (EPA emissions rules, Mining Safety, federal-lands leases). When a senator holds these positions while voting on related legislation, the personal-portfolio conflict is direct and visible to constituents.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_sin_industry","year":"2025","industries":[{"industry":"Coal","holdings":[{"ticker":"ARCH","asset":"ARCH - Arch Resources Inc","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}]}],"totalCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products","https://www.atf.gov/"]},{"id":"P121_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P121_PFD_AUTO_HOLDING_NHTSA","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson holds 1 auto-industry ticker on 2025 PFD — GM","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major auto manufacturers, EV makers, or auto suppliers (Tesla TSLA, GM, Ford F, Stellantis STLA, Rivian RIVN, Lucid LCID, plus suppliers like Mobileye MBLY, Aptiv APTV, Magna MGA, BorgWarner BWA). The Inflation Reduction Act EV tax credit ($7,500/vehicle subject to sourcing rules) is a directly portfolio-relevant policy lever; NHTSA recall enforcement and CAFE rule-making move auto-stock prices materially. Holdings: GM ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_auto_nhtsa","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GM","asset":"GM - General Motors Company Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onAutoCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.nhtsa.gov/"]},{"id":"P123_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P123_PFD_OIL_GAS_HOLDING_ENERGY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson holds 1 oil/gas ticker on 2025 PFD — VLO","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in oil & gas integrated majors, E&P companies, refiners, midstream / pipeline operators, or oilfield-services firms (ExxonMobil XOM, Chevron CVX, ConocoPhillips COP, Occidental OXY, Phillips 66 PSX, Valero VLO, Marathon Petroleum MPC, EOG, Pioneer Natural Resources PXD, Halliburton HAL, Schlumberger SLB). Federal-lands oil-and-gas leases, FERC pipeline approvals, EPA methane rules, and IRA clean-energy provisions directly affect these companies' capital allocation, drilling decisions, and stock prices. Holdings: VLO (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_oil_gas_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VLO","asset":"VLO - Valero Energy Corp","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.epw.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P125_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P125_PFD_CLEAN_ENERGY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson holds 1 clean-energy / renewables ticker on 2025 PFD — QCLN","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in clean-energy or renewables companies — solar (First Solar FSLR, Enphase ENPH, SolarEdge SEDG, Sunrun RUN), wind / utility-scale (NextEra NEE, Brookfield Renewables BEP, AES), grid storage (Quanta Services PWR, EnerSys ENS), nuclear (Cameco CCJ, Centrus Energy LEU, BWX Technologies), or EV charging (ChargePoint CHPT, EVgo EVGO, Blink BLNK). Senators voting on the IRA's continuation, expansion, or repeal hold portfolios that move with their votes — every committee mark-up affecting renewable-energy tax credits or DOE loan guarantees moves these stocks. Holdings: QCLN (None (or less than $1,001)).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_clean_energy","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"QCLN","asset":"QCLN - First Trust Nsdq Cln Edg Green Enrgy ETF","value":"None (or less than $1,001)"}],"onEnergyCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.energy.senate.gov/","https://www.energy.gov/policy/inflation-reduction-act"]},{"id":"P135_G000556","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson's earliest disclosed PFD (2021) shows $8.0M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Alan Grayson's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2021) shows total assets of $8.0M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 47; earned-income on first filing: $1,539,154.01.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2021","totalAssetMid":8001025,"assetCount":47,"earnedIncome":1539154.01,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c02daad4-62e8-4d44-8352-d3973c6341f3/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c02daad4-62e8-4d44-8352-d3973c6341f3/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P147_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alan Grayson's 2025 PFD reports earned income $536K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Alan Grayson, Esq., Sole)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $535,532 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Self-Employment Income from Alan Grayson, Esq., Sole ($432,657.00) · Spouse: Salary from Med Expert Consulting, Inc. (> $1,000) · Self: Member Draw from GL CTR P.C. (actual ($100,875.00) · Spouse: Salary from Keros Therapeutics Lexington, MA (> $1,000). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":535532,"earnedIncomeK":536,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Alan Grayson, Esq., Sole Proprietor Orlando, FL","amount":"$432,657.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Med Expert Consulting, Inc. Indialantic, FL","amount":"> $1,000"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Member Draw","payer":"GL CTR P.C. (actual name of entity, not acronym; position listed in Part 8) Orla","amount":"$100,875.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Keros Therapeutics Lexington, MA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P161_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: Vanguard Targeted Retirement 2065 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"Vanguard Targeted Retirement 2065 Fund","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P169_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P169_PFD_LARGE_NEW_HOLDING_INITIATED","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Alan Grayson's 2025 PFD initiated 8 large new ticker positions (≥$100K) — top: MUX ($100,001 - $250,000)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 8 new ticker positions in disclosure brackets ≥$100,001 that were NOT present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. These are large-bracket position initiations — meaningful new bets representing significant capital deployment, distinct from routine $1K-$15K fund-shuffling. Recent large-bracket initiations warrant cross-reference: identify which industry the ticker operates in (P130 sector mapping), check whether the senator's committee took action affecting that industry within ±90 days of the implied trade window, and trace public news on the held company during the position-initiation period. New positions: MUX ($100,001 - $250,000) · SYF ($100,001 - $250,000) · TWLO ($100,001 - $250,000) · UTHR ($100,001 - $250,000) · GM ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_large_new_holding_initiated","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":8,"holdings":[{"ticker":"MUX","asset":"MUX - McEwen Inc. Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SYF","asset":"SYF - Synchrony Financial","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TWLO","asset":"TWLO - Twilio Inc. Class A Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"UTHR","asset":"UTHR - United Therapeutics Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"GM","asset":"GM - General Motors Company Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"TGNA","asset":"TGNA - Tegna Inc","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"CLS","asset":"CLS - Celestica Inc","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"JXN","asset":"JXN - Jackson Financial Inc Cl A","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d86d74ba-5d0b-4d70-a419-f937dffc4d6f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d86d74ba-5d0b-4d70-a419-f937dffc4d6f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson's 2025 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: Keros Therapeutics Lexington, MA (Salary)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Spouse: Salary from Keros Therapeutics Lexington, MA (> $1,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Keros Therapeutics Lexington, MA","amount":"> $1,000"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d86d74ba-5d0b-4d70-a419-f937dffc4d6f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d86d74ba-5d0b-4d70-a419-f937dffc4d6f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson's 2025 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Judgement from No Labels et al. at 4.3% (10 years)","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2024) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Judgement from No Labels et al. at 4.3% (10 years) ($500,001 - $1,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2024","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2024","type":"Judgement","rate":"4.3% (10 years)","amount":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","creditor":"No Labels et al. Washington, DC"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d86d74ba-5d0b-4d70-a419-f937dffc4d6f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d86d74ba-5d0b-4d70-a419-f937dffc4d6f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_G000556_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Grayson — 42 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Alan Grayson's 2025 Senate PFD shows 42 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":42,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5bfe7be1-7afd-42b5-a534-68aca85f96e0/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C000794":[{"id":"P54_C000794_Finance","pattern_type":"P54_PFD_HOLDING_VOTED_INDUSTRY","severity":"LOW","headline":"2 Finance votes — senator holds 2 Finance stocks (BAC, JPM)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello discloses holdings in Finance-sector stocks (BAC, JPM) on their Senate annual financial disclosure, AND has cast 2 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Voting on a sector while holding stock in that sector is the most direct position-conflict the STOCK Act was designed to surface — the senator's portfolio appreciates or depreciates based on how they vote on the bills affecting those companies. Recusal is the conflict-resolution standard that ethics-reform bills like the PELOSI Act would require, but is currently voluntary.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["BAC","JPM"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2013-01-01","billNumber":"HR8","question":"On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendments","description":"To extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, and to provide for expedited consideration of a bill providing for compreh","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8"},{"source":"vote","date":"2013-01-01","billNumber":"HRES844","question":"On Agreeing to the Resolution","description":"Providing for consideration of the Senate amendments to the bill (H.R. 8) to extend certain tax relief provisions enacted in 2001 and 2003, ","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/844"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P63_C000794","pattern_type":"P63_PFD_DENSITY_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Discloses holdings in 61 unique publicly-traded tickers — high portfolio density","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's annual Senate financial disclosures reveal positions in 61 unique publicly-traded stocks (combining HTML-parsed Part 3 entries from electronic filings + tickers extracted via tesseract OCR from scanned-image paper filings, most recent disclosure year 2025). High portfolio density means many potential conflict-of-interest points: a senator with 200+ holdings will, in any given month, vote on legislation that touches the price of dozens of their own positions. Tickers (sample): AAPL, AMGN, AMZN, BAC, CAT, CSCO, GE, GEHC, GEV, GOOGL, HD, HON, HSBC, INTC, JNJ, … (46 more).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_density","uniqueTickers":61,"mostRecentFilingYear":2025,"sampleTickers":["AAPL","AMGN","AMZN","BAC","CAT","CSCO","GE","GEHC","GEV","GOOGL","HD","HON","HSBC","INTC","JNJ","JPM","MSFT","NKE","ORCL","PG","UNH","VZ","WMT","FBALX","FOCPX"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P64_C000794_Finance","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Finance stocks (BAC, JPM) — senator cast 2 Finance-related votes","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Finance stocks — BAC, JPM — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 2 reported votes on Finance-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Finance","tickers":["BAC","JPM"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$15,001 - $50,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d38ad7a8-3f34-4e47-b799-a59445d816f1/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2013-01-01","billNumber":"HR8","question":"On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendments","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8"},{"source":"vote","date":"2013-01-01","billNumber":"HRES844","question":"On Agreeing to the Resolution","vote":"Yea","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/844"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d38ad7a8-3f34-4e47-b799-a59445d816f1/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C000794_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Healthcare stocks (JNJ, UNH) — senator cast 1 Healthcare-related vote","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Healthcare stocks — JNJ, UNH — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Healthcare-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ","UNH"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d38ad7a8-3f34-4e47-b799-a59445d816f1/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2012-12-19","billNumber":"HR1845","question":"On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as Amended","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1845"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d38ad7a8-3f34-4e47-b799-a59445d816f1/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C000794_Staples","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 2 Staples stocks (PG, WMT) — senator cast 1 Staples-related vote","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 2 Staples stocks — PG, WMT — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Staples-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Staples","tickers":["PG","WMT"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$50,001 - $100,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d38ad7a8-3f34-4e47-b799-a59445d816f1/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2012-12-19","billNumber":"HR6672","question":"On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6672"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d38ad7a8-3f34-4e47-b799-a59445d816f1/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P64_C000794_Technology","pattern_type":"P64_SPOUSE_HOLDING_INDUSTRY_VOTE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spouse/family holds 7 Technology stocks (AAPL, AMZN, CSCO, GOOGL, INTC, MSFT, ORCL) — senator cast 1 Technology-related vote","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's annual Senate financial disclosure shows family-owned holdings in 7 Technology stocks — AAPL, AMZN, CSCO, GOOGL, INTC, MSFT, ORCL — held by Joint (most-recent disclosure year 2023). The senator has cast 1 reported votes on Technology-related legislation. Family-held positions slip through STOCK Act trading-disclosure rules but create the same conflict-of-interest the law was designed to address — the classic Pelosi-spouse pattern. Voting on legislation that moves your spouse's portfolio is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate.","evidence":[{"source":"family_holdings","sector":"Technology","tickers":["AAPL","AMZN","CSCO","GOOGL","INTC","MSFT","ORCL"],"owner":"Joint","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","year":"2023","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d38ad7a8-3f34-4e47-b799-a59445d816f1/"},{"source":"vote","date":"2012-12-05","billNumber":"SCONRES50","question":"On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Agree","vote":"N/A","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/50"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d38ad7a8-3f34-4e47-b799-a59445d816f1/","https://www.congress.gov/"]},{"id":"P67_C000794_Healthcare","pattern_type":"P67_MULTI_BILL_HOLDING_OVERLAP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sponsored 3 Healthcare bills AND holds 2 Healthcare stocks (JNJ, UNH)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello has sponsored 3 bills affecting the Healthcare sector AND simultaneously holds 2 publicly-traded Healthcare stocks per their Senate annual financial disclosure (JNJ, UNH). The combination is the textbook PELOSI Act recusal candidate: sustained legislative authorship + sustained personal investment in the same sector. The signal is much stronger than either pattern alone — a one-off bill or a single stock holding is ambiguous; ≥3 bills + ≥2 stocks is a settled position-conflict pattern. Sample bills: HR 568 (2025-12-05), HR 3415 (2025-12-04), HR 898 (2025-04-07).","evidence":[{"source":"bills","sector":"Healthcare","count":3,"sample":[{"key":"111_HR_568","title":"Veterans Health Care Quality Improvement Act","introducedDate":"2025-12-05","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/568"},{"key":"111_HR_3415","title":"To suspend flood insurance rate map updates in geographic areas in which certain levees are being re","introducedDate":"2025-12-04","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3415"},{"key":"112_HR_898","title":"To suspend flood insurance rate map updates in geographic areas in which certain levees are being re","introducedDate":"2025-04-07","sourceUrl":"https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/898"}]},{"source":"holdings","sector":"Healthcare","tickers":["JNJ","UNH"],"totalCount":2,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.congress.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P71_C000794","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$41,200 in outside earned income — top source: Maryland State Retirement Agency Baltimore, Maryland ($$41,200.00)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $41,200 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Maryland State Retirement Agency Baltimore, Maryland ($41,200.00, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":41200,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"Maryland State Retirement Agency Baltimore, Maryland","amount":"$41,200.00","amountNumeric":41200}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P74_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P74_PFD_NEW_HOLDING_ACQUIRED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Acquired 16 new ticker holdings in 2025 not present in prior PFD filings — including HSBC, INTC, FOCPX, CSRSX, FAUDX, FBLTX","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure adds 16 ticker holdings that don't appear in any prior-year PFD filing. Newly-acquired positions in sectors the senator's committees regulate suggest opportunistic acquisition — a senator joining the Banking Committee and then buying bank stocks is the textbook position-conflict newcomer pattern. Cross-reference the new tickers against the senator's committee assignments and bills sponsored that year. Sample new holdings: HSBC, INTC, FOCPX, CSRSX, FAUDX, FBLTX, FIFGX, FILFX, FPCIX, FPIOX, FSAKX, FSAMX.","evidence":[{"source":"new_holdings","year":2025,"count":16,"newTickers":["HSBC","INTC","FOCPX","CSRSX","FAUDX","FBLTX","FIFGX","FILFX","FPCIX","FPIOX","FSAKX","FSAMX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P79_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Divested 7 ticker holdings between 2024 and 2025 — including CMCSA, PFE, XLE, VTIP, BND, TCDMM","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 7 ticker holdings present in the 2024 filing but absent in 2025. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: CMCSA, PFE, XLE, VTIP, BND, TCDMM, ICLN.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2024,2025],"count":7,"divestedTickers":["CMCSA","PFE","XLE","VTIP","BND","TCDMM","ICLN"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P82_C000794_2023","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello filed 2 amendments to the 2023 Senate annual disclosure — 3 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Jerry F. Costello's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2023 report alone, with 3 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2023,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":3,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Candidate Report  (Amendment 2)","Candidate Report  (Amendment 1)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bcfd80d6-bf9d-4119-9c1c-b172e4952ad2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6b2982c-8040-44cc-a470-b4513a8b7645/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bcfd80d6-bf9d-4119-9c1c-b172e4952ad2/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e6b2982c-8040-44cc-a470-b4513a8b7645/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerry F. Costello discloses 6 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 6 unascertainable, 7% of 84 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 6 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 6 unascertainable) across 84 total reported assets — 7% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: Fidelity Investments IRA (--) · Fidelity Investments IRA (--) · Missionsquare Retirement (--) · Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland (--) · Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":6,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":6,"totalAssets":84,"opaqueRatio":0.071,"samples":[{"asset":"Fidelity Investments IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Fidelity Investments IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Missionsquare Retirement","value":"--"},{"asset":"Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland","value":"--"},{"asset":"Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P84_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello discloses 3 real estate holdings on 2025 Senate PFD","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland · Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland · Maryland State Retirement Pension.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2025","propertyCount":3,"properties":[{"name":"Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"name":"Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--"},{"name":"Maryland State Retirement Pension","type":"Retirement Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plan","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 PFD: 44 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (52% of 85 reported assets)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 44 reported holdings owned by Spouse (18), Joint (26), or Dependent (0) — 52% of 85 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: SPAXX Filer comment: SPAXX is a Fidelity managed money money account · Joint: AAPL - Apple Inc · Joint: AMGN - Amgen Inc. - Common Stock · Joint: AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc. - Common Stock.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":18,"Joint":26,"Dependent":0,"Self":40},"totalAssets":85,"familyShare":0.518,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"SPAXX Filer comment: SPAXX is a Fidelity managed money money account","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"AMGN - Amgen Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"BAC - Bank of America Corporation Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P89_C000794","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello (left 2013) registered as LDA lobbyist — 3 clients across 5 filings","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello left Congress in 2013 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $030000.0030000.0040000.0040000.0030000.00 from 3 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: BI-STATE DEVELOPMENT, SMITH DAWSON & ANDREWS (OBO ST. CLAIR COUNTY), ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2013,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"030000.0030000.0040000.0040000.0030000.00","clientCount":3,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["BI-STATE DEVELOPMENT","SMITH DAWSON & ANDREWS (OBO ST. CLAIR COUNTY)","ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS"],"sampleFirms":["THE JERRY COSTELLO GROUP, LLC"],"filings":5,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jerry%20F.%20Costello"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jerry%20F.%20Costello","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P91_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello (Illinois) discloses 3 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Maryland (3)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello represents Illinois but their 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Illinois (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Maryland: 3. Sample: Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland (Maryland) · Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland (Maryland) · Maryland State Retirement Pension (Maryland).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2025","memberState":"Illinois","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":3,"byState":{"MD":3},"samples":[{"name":"Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--","state":"MD"},{"name":"Maryland 529 Institution: Maryland","type":"Education Savings Plans 529 College Savings Plan","value":"--","state":"MD"},{"name":"Maryland State Retirement Pension","type":"Retirement Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plan","value":"$15,001 - $50,000","state":"MD"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Bank of America","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$100,001 - $250,000) at 3.2%% (30 years) from Bank of America.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Joint","type":"Mortgage","rate":"3.2%% (30 years)","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000","creditor":"Bank of America Brunswick, Maine","incurred":"2019"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P106_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 21 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — AMZN ($24.9M), AAPL ($20.9M), AMGN ($18.2M)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 21 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $219.2M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: AMZN ($24.9M, 54 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · AMGN ($18.2M, 60 filings) · GOOGL ($17.9M, 72 filings) · UNH ($17.0M, 31 filings) · VZ ($15.7M, 73 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":21,"totalLobbyAcrossM":219.19,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMZN","totalLobby":24915000,"recordCount":54,"topClient":"AMAZON.COM"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"AMGN","totalLobby":18160000,"recordCount":60,"topClient":"AMGEN INC."},{"ticker":"GOOGL","totalLobby":17900000,"recordCount":72,"topClient":"GOOGLE CLIENT SERVICES LLC"},{"ticker":"UNH","totalLobby":16960000,"recordCount":31,"topClient":"UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC."},{"ticker":"VZ","totalLobby":15650000,"recordCount":73,"topClient":"VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES"},{"ticker":"ORCL","totalLobby":13680000,"recordCount":76,"topClient":"ORACLE"},{"ticker":"HON","totalLobby":12660000,"recordCount":47,"topClient":"HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 9 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), INTC (9,381), MSFT (8,404)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 9 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 45,231 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · INTC (9,381 patents) · MSFT (8,404 patents) · GE (4,401 patents) · NKE (4,058 patents) · ORCL (2,447 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":9,"totalPatents":45231,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"INTC","patentCount":9381,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"MSFT","patentCount":8404,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"GE","patentCount":4401,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"NKE","patentCount":4058,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"ORCL","patentCount":2447,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"HON","patentCount":2275,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"BAC","patentCount":2063,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P108_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P108_PFD_HOLDING_FED_CONTRACTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 2 federal-contractor tickers on 2025 PFD (≥$1M each, total $6M) — top: GE ($3.3M), HON ($2.8M)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies that received federal contracts totaling at least $1,000,000 each. Combined federal contract value across the senator's contractor holdings: $6M. Federal-contract recipients depend on appropriations bills, agency budgets, and specific procurement-policy decisions — every committee vote affecting these flows moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Holdings × federal contracts: GE ($3.3M, 4 contracts, Department of Justice) · HON ($2.8M, 7 contracts, Department of Homeland Security).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_fed_contractor","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalContractValueM":6.14,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GE","total":3321853.0300000003,"count":4,"agencies":["Department of Justice","Department of Homeland Security","Department of Transportation"],"latestDate":"2026-03-27"},{"ticker":"HON","total":2818221.0700000003,"count":7,"agencies":["Department of Homeland Security","General Services Administration","Department of Health and Human Services"],"latestDate":"2026-04-12"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.usaspending.gov/","https://sam.gov/data-services/Federal%20Procurement%20Data%20System"]},{"id":"P113_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P113_PFD_HEALTH_INSURER_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 1 major US health-insurer ticker on 2025 PFD — UNH","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US health insurers (UnitedHealth UNH, Elevance/Anthem ELV, Cigna CI, Humana HUM, Centene CNC, Molina MOH). Health-insurer stock prices are directly affected by these policies — every committee vote on Medicare physician fee schedules, Medicare Advantage star ratings, prior-authorization requirements, or ACA risk-adjustment formulas moves the held stocks. This is the cleanest single-sector conflict signal next to defense contractors. Holdings: UNH ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_health_insurer","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"UNH","asset":"UNH - UnitedHealth Group Incorporated Common Stock (DE)","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"onHealthCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.cms.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P114_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — AAPL, AMZN, GOOGL, MSFT","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 4 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: AAPL ($250,001 - $500,000) · AMZN ($1,001 - $15,000) · GOOGL ($50,001 - $100,000) · MSFT ($250,001 - $500,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":4,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"ticker":"AMZN","asset":"AMZN - Amazon.com, Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"GOOGL","asset":"GOOGL - Alphabet Inc. - Class A Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"MSFT","asset":"MSFT - Microsoft Corporation - Common Stock","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P117_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P117_PFD_AGRIBUSINESS_HOLDING_AGRICULTURE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 1 agribusiness ticker on 2025 PFD — CAT","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 agribusiness stock holding — major suppliers, processors, equipment-makers, or commodity firms (Deere DE, Corteva CTVA, Archer-Daniels-Midland ADM, Bunge BG, Tyson Foods TSN, Mosaic MOS, CF Industries CF, etc.). Senators holding these stocks while voting on agriculture authorization or appropriations create direct portfolio alignment with the federal-spending decisions they make. Holdings: CAT ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_agribusiness_agriculture","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"CAT","asset":"CAT - Caterpillar, Inc. Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onAgCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/","https://www.usda.gov/"]},{"id":"P119_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P119_PFD_TELECOM_HOLDING_FCC","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 1 telecom/cable ticker on 2025 PFD — VZ","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major US telecom, cable, or wireless companies (Verizon VZ, AT&T T, T-Mobile TMUS, Comcast CMCSA, Charter CHTR, Dish DISH, Liberty Broadband, Lumen LUMN, Paramount PARA, Warner Bros Discovery WBD). The FCC's spectrum auctions, net-neutrality rules, universal service fund, broadband subsidy programs (BEAD, ACP), Section 230 reform, and ISP merger reviews all flow through these committees. Holdings: VZ ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_telecom_fcc","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"VZ","asset":"VZ - Verizon Communications Inc. Common Stock","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onTelecomCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.fcc.gov/"]},{"id":"P120_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 2 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — BAC, JPM","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: BAC ($15,001 - $50,000) · JPM ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"BAC","asset":"BAC - Bank of America Corporation Common Stock","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Co. Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P124_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P124_PFD_PHARMA_HOLDING_HELP","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 2 pharma/biotech tickers on 2025 PFD — AMGN, JNJ","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major pharmaceutical / biotech companies (J&J JNJ, Pfizer PFE, Merck MRK, AbbVie ABBV, Lilly LLY, Bristol Myers BMY, Amgen AMGN, Regeneron REGN, Gilead GILD, Biogen BIIB, Vertex VRTX, Moderna MRNA, etc.). Drug-pricing legislation, FDA accelerated-approval pathways, and patent-evergreening fights move pharma stocks materially. Holdings: AMGN ($50,001 - $100,000) · JNJ ($100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_pharma_help","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AMGN","asset":"AMGN - Amgen Inc. - Common Stock","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"ticker":"JNJ","asset":"JNJ - Johnson & Johnson Common Stock","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"onPharmaCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.help.senate.gov/","https://www.finance.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P131_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P131_PFD_HIGH_HOLDING_COUNT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 PFD lists 54 distinct ticker holdings — heavy active-portfolio profile","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 54 distinct individual stock tickers. This is well above the senate median (most senators hold ≤20 individual tickers, leaning on index funds and broad ETFs for diversification). High single-ticker counts indicate one of three patterns: (a) the senator or spouse is actively picking individual stocks rather than index funds, (b) they have professional managers actively trading on their behalf with discretion (without a Qualified Blind Trust), or (c) they inherited a complex portfolio with many legacy positions. Each high-count senator warrants closer review for trade-frequency patterns, periodic transaction report (PTR) compliance, and potential STOCK Act 45-day disclosure delays. Sample tickers (first 10): AAPL, AMGN, AMZN, BAC, CAT, CSCO, GE, GEHC, GEV, GOOGL.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_count","year":"2025","tickerCount":54,"sampleTickers":["AAPL","AMGN","AMZN","BAC","CAT","CSCO","GE","GEHC","GEV","GOOGL","HD","HON","HSBC","INTC","JNJ","JPM","MSFT","NKE","ORCL","PG","UNH","VZ","WMT","FBALX","FOCPX","VEA","CSRSX","FAUDX","FBLTX","FIFGX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_C000794","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jerry F. Costello draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.8M PAC / $22.5M total)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.8M of $22.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.55,"pacSharePct":38.8,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H8IL21021"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL21021/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P159_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello holds 1 non-US-domiciled stock on 2025 PFD across 1 country — HSBC (United Kingdom)","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 1 country (United Kingdom). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: HSBC (United Kingdom, $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":1,"countries":["United Kingdom"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"HSBC","country":"United Kingdom","asset":"HSBC - HSBC Holdings Plc ADR","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P160_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P160_PFD_BROAD_INDEX_FUND_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 PFD shows 5 broad-market index funds (9% of 54 ticker holdings) — transparency-positive passive profile","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 5 of 54 ticker holdings (9%) in broad-market index funds — S&P 500 (SPY/VOO/IVV), total US stock market (VTI/ITOT), total bond market (AGG/BND), total international (VXUS/IXUS/VEA/VWO), or target-date / balanced allocation funds. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating passive buy-and-hold strategy rather than individual-stock picking. Senators with portfolios concentrated in broad-market indexes have voluntarily aligned their holdings with the entire market's return — they cannot capture asymmetric upside from sector-specific federal-policy decisions because their exposure is by definition diversified across the entire market. Index-fund concentration is the inverse of P130 single-sector concentration. Holdings: VEA, SPY, VCSH, VWO, BNDX.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_broad_index_heavy","year":"2025","broadCount":5,"totalTickers":54,"ratio":0.09,"broadTickers":["VEA","SPY","VCSH","VWO","BNDX"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_C000794_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry F. Costello — 67 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Jerry F. Costello's 2025 Senate PFD shows 67 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":67,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/e1162483-bb23-494c-81c3-8afaa7b3337e/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000570":[{"id":"P61_L000570","pattern_type":"P61_LDA_CLIENT_DONOR","severity":"HIGH","headline":"9 of this member's donors are also registered LDA lobby clients — combined $518,495,178","explanation":"Ben Ray Luján received campaign contributions totaling $518,495,178 from 9 entities that ALSO appear as registered lobbying clients in the Senate LDA database (clients of K-Street firms paying lobbyists to advocate before Congress). 3 were exact-name matches, 6 were close fuzzy matches. The dual-channel pattern (campaign $ + active lobbying) is more meaningful than either alone — these donors are simultaneously buying access via two parallel mechanisms. Top dual-channel donors: BETTER FUTURE FORWARD ($240,000,000); THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF ($60,000,000); KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P. ($48,000,000); AMALGAMATED BANK ($45,000,000); THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION ($40,495,178).","evidence":[{"source":"lda_dual_channel","matchCount":9,"totalDollars":518495178,"exactMatches":3,"top":[{"donorName":"FUTURE FORWARD USA ACTION","ldaClient":"BETTER FUTURE FORWARD","donorTotal":240000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"FUND FOR POLICY REFORM","ldaClient":"THE WASHINGTON TAX & PUBLIC POLICY GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE TAX REFORM COALITION","donorTotal":60000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AH CAPITAL MANAGEMENT","ldaClient":"KING STREET CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.P.","donorTotal":48000000,"exact":false},{"donorName":"AMALGAMATED BANK","ldaClient":"AMALGAMATED BANK","donorTotal":45000000,"exact":true},{"donorName":"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC","ldaClient":"THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL CONVENTION","donorTotal":40495178,"exact":false}]}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/"]},{"id":"P148_L000570","pattern_type":"P148_PAC_INDUSTRY_DOMINANT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ben Ray Luján's PAC funding concentrates 100% in Finance ($45.00M / $45.00M classified)","explanation":"Ben Ray Luján's PAC donors concentrate 100% in the Finance industry — $45.00M of $45.00M classified PAC contributions. When one industry's PACs anchor the funding base this heavily, the senator is structurally aligned with that industry's policy positions and faces coordinated-withdrawal exposure if they break ranks. The senate-wide median single-industry concentration is closer to 15-20%; ≥30% indicates an unusually concentrated relationship. Industry breakdown: Finance $45.00M. Journalist hook: cross-reference the dominant industry's policy interests against the senator's committee assignments and floor-vote record on related bills.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_industry_dominant","topIndustry":"Finance","topAmountM":45,"totalPacAmountM":45,"concentrationPct":100,"industryBreakdown":{"Finance":45}}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate//","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P182_L000570_RioGrandedelNorteNat","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ben Ray Luján sponsored \"Rio Grande del Norte National Conservation Area Establishmen\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ben Ray Luján has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Rio Grande del Norte National Conservation Area Establishment Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_L000570_CarsonNationalForest","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ben Ray Luján sponsored \"Carson National Forest Boundary Adjustment Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ben Ray Luján has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Carson National Forest Boundary Adjustment Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C000758":[{"id":"P66_C000758_2026","pattern_type":"P66_PFD_RAPID_PORTFOLIO_GROWTH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Disclosed assets shrank 11.0× shrink from 2025 to 2026 ($7.1M → $0.6M)","explanation":"John Cooper's annual Senate financial disclosures show total disclosed assets shrank from $7,098,733 to $643,757.5 between filing year 2025 and filing year 2026 — a 11.0× shrink shift. Major year-over-year portfolio shifts indicate windfalls (inheritance, book deal, IPO, business sale), insider-information-timed gains, or strategic asset reorganization. The journalist's question: what happened that year? Cross-reference with public news, the senator's committee actions, and any amendment filings on the Senate eFD viewer.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_growth","fromYear":2025,"toYear":2026,"fromTotalAssetMid":7098733,"toTotalAssetMid":643757.5,"ratio":0.09,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_C000758","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$54,420.75 in outside earned income — top source: WV Consolidated Public Retirement Board Charleston, West Vir ($$54,420.75)","explanation":"John Cooper's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $54,420.75 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: WV Consolidated Public Retirement Board Charleston, West Vir ($54,420.75, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":54420.75,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"WV Consolidated Public Retirement Board Charleston, West Virginia","amount":"$54,420.75","amountNumeric":54420.75}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P79_C000758_2026","pattern_type":"P79_PFD_DIVESTED_HOLDINGS","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Divested 28 ticker holdings between 2025 and 2026 — including VYM, VMFXX, VOO, VTIAX, VBTLX, VTABX","explanation":"John Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 28 ticker holdings present in the 2025 filing but absent in 2026. Year-over-year divestitures can indicate (a) strategic sale before bad news (insider-timed exit), (b) recusal compliance (sold to clear conflict), or (c) routine portfolio rebalancing. The journalist's question: what news, committee actions, or legislative pressure lined up with these exits? Cross-reference the divested tickers' price action and any related committee work that year. Sample divested holdings: VYM, VMFXX, VOO, VTIAX, VBTLX, VTABX, VTSAX, SCHD, PHYZX, DODFX, SWVXX, SCHZ.","evidence":[{"source":"divestitures","betweenYears":[2025,2026],"count":28,"divestedTickers":["VYM","VMFXX","VOO","VTIAX","VBTLX","VTABX","VTSAX","SCHD","PHYZX","DODFX","SWVXX","SCHZ"],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P135_C000758","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cooper's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $7.1M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"John Cooper's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $7.1M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 79; earned-income on first filing: $325,812.48.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":7098733,"assetCount":79,"earnedIncome":325812.48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/901ad507-cac8-4e89-b9d5-5aece262b3c5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/901ad507-cac8-4e89-b9d5-5aece262b3c5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P161_C000758_2026","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cooper's 2026 PFD includes 3 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"John Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: SMART529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 12-13 Filer comment: This infor · SMART 529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 10-11 Filer comment: This info · SMART529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 4-6 Filer comment: This informa.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2026","count":3,"holdings":[{"asset":"SMART529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 12-13 Filer comment: This information relates to Beneficiary ","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"SMART 529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 10-11 Filer comment: This information relates to Beneficiary","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"SMART529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 4-6 Filer comment: This information relates to Beneficiary D.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_C000758_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cooper's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 16 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"John Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 16 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":16,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P166_C000758","pattern_type":"P166_PFD_NETWORTH_DECLINE_YOY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Cooper's PFD net worth declined 91% year-over-year — 2025 $7.10M → 2026 $0.64M","explanation":"John Cooper's Senate annual financial disclosures show net-worth proxy declining from $7.10M in 2025 to $0.64M in 2026 — a 91% decrease. Net-worth declines are relatively rare given that most senators hold diversified portfolios that grow with markets. A ≥30% YoY drop indicates a discrete event: (a) major divestiture / asset sale (often in compliance with new committee assignment), (b) market crash exposure (concentrated holdings in a sector that crashed during the year), (c) business loss / partnership liquidation, (d) divorce / family settlement, or (e) data-quality issue (amendment that re-classified prior year's holdings). Each scenario warrants journalist scrutiny: identify which specific assets disappeared between the two filings (P79 covers ticker-level divestitures), check public news on the senator during the drop period, and verify whether the drop reflects real economic loss or accounting / reclassification.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_networth_decline","priorYear":"2025","priorNetWorthM":7.1,"latestYear":"2026","latestNetWorthM":0.64,"declinePct":90.93,"priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/901ad507-cac8-4e89-b9d5-5aece262b3c5/","latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/901ad507-cac8-4e89-b9d5-5aece262b3c5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_C000758_2026","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cooper's 2026 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $0.6M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"John Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $0.6M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2026","totalAssetMid":643757.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P170_C000758_2026","pattern_type":"P170_PFD_NEW_INCOME_SOURCE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cooper's 2026 PFD lists 1 new earned-income source not in prior year — top: WV Consolidated Public Retirement (Pension)","explanation":"John Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 2 — Earned Income) lists 1 payer not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New income sources can represent (a) spouse career change / promotion to new employer, (b) new client onboarding for consulting / professional practice, (c) post-Senate-vote engagement with a regulated industry, or (d) book deal advance with a publisher. Sudden new payers warrant timing analysis: did the relationship begin before or after a committee vote affecting the payer's industry? Sources: Self: Pension from WV Consolidated Public Retirement ($54,420.75).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_income_source","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2026","count":1,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Pension","payer":"WV Consolidated Public Retirement Board Charleston, West Virginia","amount":"$54,420.75"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/901ad507-cac8-4e89-b9d5-5aece262b3c5/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/901ad507-cac8-4e89-b9d5-5aece262b3c5/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_C000758_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cooper's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"John Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P185_C000758","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cooper — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"John Cooper served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000758","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-cooper/C000758"]},{"id":"P200_C000758","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Cooper — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"John Cooper began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000758","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-cooper/C000758"]}],"F000445":[{"id":"P68_F000445","pattern_type":"P68_PRIVATE_BUSINESS_OWNER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Owns 9 private business / real estate / partnership entities — estimated value ~$2.1M","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes's annual Senate financial disclosure (year 2026) lists ownership of 9 private business entities — LLCs, commercial real estate, farms/ranches, partnerships, or other privately-held positions. Combined estimated midpoint value: $2,050,004.5. Private business holdings don't show up in ticker-based conflict detectors but represent direct business-interest territory: a senator who owns commercial real estate AND votes on Banking/Housing legislation, or owns a farm/ranch AND votes on agriculture appropriations, has the same conflict-of-interest the STOCK Act addresses for public stocks. Top entities: Pasture Description: rent to cow/calf ow (Farm/Ranch, $500,001 - $1,000,000); house Description: Single Family Home (P (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); house Description: Single Family Home (P (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewe (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000); house Description: Single Family Home (S (Real Estate Residential, $100,001 - $250,000).","evidence":[{"source":"private_holdings","count":9,"totalEstMidpoint":2050004.5,"year":2026,"sample":[{"name":"Pasture Description: rent to cow/calf owners (Palmer, Nebraska)","type":"Farm/Ranch","valueRange":"$500,001 - $1,000,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Self","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"},{"name":"Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (St Paul, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","valueRange":"$100,001 - $250,000","owner":"Joint","sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/FinancialDisclosure"]},{"id":"P71_F000445","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$38,048.96 in outside earned income — top source: Paxton New Life Bible Church Paxton, Nebraska ($$38,048.96)","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $38,048.96 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Paxton New Life Bible Church Paxton, Nebraska ($38,048.96, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":38048.96,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Paxton New Life Bible Church Paxton, Nebraska","amount":"$38,048.96","amountNumeric":38048.96}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P84_F000445_2026","pattern_type":"P84_PFD_REAL_ESTATE_HOUSING_COMMITTEE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"J. Randy Forbes discloses 9 real estate holdings on 2026 Senate PFD","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 9 real estate holdings (rentals, commercial property, REITs, land, vacation homes) beyond any primary residence. All senators vote on housing-finance legislation, federal mortgage policy, and the real-estate tax code; concentrated property exposure means the senator's personal balance sheet moves with every Section 1031 exchange tweak, mortgage-interest-deduction debate, and Federal Reserve rate decision. Properties: Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking · house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska) · house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska) · Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_real_estate","year":"2026","propertyCount":9,"properties":[{"name":"Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (St Paul, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Mill 1 Description: Single Family Home (Dannebrog, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"name":"Mill 2 Description: Single Family Home (Dannebrog, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$50,001 - $100,000"},{"name":"Copenhagen Description: Single Family Home (Dannebrog, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.congress.gov/committees"]},{"id":"P87_F000445_2026","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Randy Forbes's 2026 PFD: 16 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (73% of 22 reported assets)","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 16 reported holdings owned by Spouse (7), Joint (9), or Dependent (0) — 73% of 22 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking · Joint: Western Nebraska Bank (Paxton, Nebraska) Type: Checking · Joint: house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska) · Joint: Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2026","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":7,"Joint":9,"Dependent":0,"Self":5},"totalAssets":22,"familyShare":0.727,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Western Nebraska Bank (Paxton, Nebraska) Type: Checking","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Joint","asset":"house Description: Single Family Home (St Paul, Nebraska)","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P91_F000445_2026","pattern_type":"P91_PFD_OUT_OF_STATE_PROPERTY","severity":"HIGH","headline":"J. Randy Forbes (Virginia) discloses 9 out-of-state real-estate holdings — top: Nebraska (9)","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes represents Virginia but their 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 9 real-estate holdings in states OTHER than Virginia (0 in-state). Out-of-state property concentration raises questions about (a) residency requirements (constitutional inhabitance test for Senate seats), (b) where the senator's personal balance sheet is actually exposed for federal real-estate, tax, and Section 1031 legislation, and (c) whether out-of-state locations correlate with their committee jurisdiction or donor base. Properties by state: Nebraska: 9. Sample: Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking (Nebraska) · house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska) (Nebraska) · house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska) (Nebraska).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_out_of_state_property","year":"2026","memberState":"Virginia","inStateCount":0,"outOfStateCount":9,"byState":{"NE":9},"samples":[{"name":"Five Points Bank (Grand Island, Nebraska) Type: Checking","type":"Bank Deposit","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Paxton, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (Palmer, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"Lake Cabin Description: Lake Cabin (Lewellen, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"house Description: Single Family Home (St Paul, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"},{"name":"Mill 1 Description: Single Family Home (Dannebrog, Nebraska)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$100,001 - $250,000","state":"NE"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_F000445","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Randy Forbes draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.8M PAC / $18.5M total)","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.8M of $18.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.48,"pacSharePct":37,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H2VA04052"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2VA04052/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P167_F000445_2026","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Randy Forbes's 2026 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $3.0M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $3.0M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2026","totalAssetMid":2999009.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_F000445_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Randy Forbes's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5c177290-c5b9-4ec7-9ee4-7e7719fc51fb/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P182_F000445_PatientsFirstActof20","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"J. Randy Forbes sponsored \"Patients First Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Patients First Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_F000445_CongressionalAccount","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"J. Randy Forbes sponsored \"Congressional Accountability Pay Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Congressional Accountability Pay Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_F000445_PreventIRSOverreachA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"J. Randy Forbes sponsored \"Prevent IRS Overreach Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"J. Randy Forbes has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Prevent IRS Overreach Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"A000206":[{"id":"P70_A000206","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Consultant at Everytown for Gun Safety NY, NY","explanation":"George Andrews's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Consultant at Everytown for Gun Safety NY, NY (Nonprofit Organization); Consultant at The Arena Charleston, SC (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"May 2023 to May 2025","role":"Consultant","entity":"Everytown for Gun Safety NY, NY","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jun 2024 to Nov 2024","role":"Consultant","entity":"The Arena Charleston, SC","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_A000206","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$243,825 in outside earned income — top source: Childrens National Medical Center Washington, DC ($$97,000.00)","explanation":"George Andrews's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $243,825 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 4 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Childrens National Medical Center Washington, DC ($97,000.00, Salary); Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund New York, NY ($95,631.00, Self-Employment Income); Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund New York, NY ($35,000.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":243825,"count":4,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Childrens National Medical Center Washington, DC","amount":"$97,000.00","amountNumeric":97000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund New York, NY","amount":"$95,631.00","amountNumeric":95631},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund New York, NY","amount":"$35,000.00","amountNumeric":35000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"The Arena Charleston, SC","amount":"$16,194.00","amountNumeric":16194}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P88_A000206_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Andrews's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"George Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Personal Residence Description: Home on Hindman (Mount Pleasant, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_A000206_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Andrews owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Fifth Third Charleston,","explanation":"George Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 6.875% (30 years) from Fifth Third Charleston,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"6.875% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Fifth Third Charleston, SC","incurred":"2025"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P135_A000206","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Andrews's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $5.5M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"George Andrews's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $5.5M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 24; earned-income on first filing: $243,825.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":5530510,"assetCount":24,"earnedIncome":243825,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P147_A000206_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Andrews's 2025 PFD reports earned income $244K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Everytown for Gun Safety)","explanation":"George Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $243,825 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Self-Employment Income from Everytown for Gun Safety ($35,000.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from Everytown for Gun Safety ($95,631.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from The Arena Charleston, SC ($16,194.00) · Self: Salary from Childrens National Medical Center ($97,000.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":243825,"earnedIncomeK":244,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund New York, NY","amount":"$35,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund New York, NY","amount":"$95,631.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"The Arena Charleston, SC","amount":"$16,194.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Childrens National Medical Center Washington, DC","amount":"$97,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P162_A000206_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Andrews's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 23 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"George Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 23 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":23,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_A000206_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Andrews's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"George Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P185_A000206","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Andrews — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"George Andrews served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000206","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-andrews/A000206"]},{"id":"P193_A000206_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Andrews — 17 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"George Andrews's 2025 Senate PFD shows 17 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":17,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P200_A000206","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Andrews — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"George Andrews began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000206","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-andrews/A000206"]}],"A000210":[{"id":"P70_A000210","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Consultant at Everytown for Gun Safety NY, NY","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Consultant at Everytown for Gun Safety NY, NY (Nonprofit Organization); Consultant at The Arena Charleston, SC (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"May 2023 to May 2025","role":"Consultant","entity":"Everytown for Gun Safety NY, NY","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jun 2024 to Nov 2024","role":"Consultant","entity":"The Arena Charleston, SC","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_A000210","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$243,825 in outside earned income — top source: Childrens National Medical Center Washington, DC ($$97,000.00)","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $243,825 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 4 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Childrens National Medical Center Washington, DC ($97,000.00, Salary); Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund New York, NY ($95,631.00, Self-Employment Income); Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund New York, NY ($35,000.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":243825,"count":4,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Childrens National Medical Center Washington, DC","amount":"$97,000.00","amountNumeric":97000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund New York, NY","amount":"$95,631.00","amountNumeric":95631},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund New York, NY","amount":"$35,000.00","amountNumeric":35000},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"The Arena Charleston, SC","amount":"$16,194.00","amountNumeric":16194}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P88_A000210_2025","pattern_type":"P88_PFD_TICKER_HEAVY_HOLDING","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 PFD: 1 holding ≥$1M each — (non-ticker)","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 single-position holding valued at $1,000,001 or higher (top 4 disclosure brackets). Concentrated single-ticker exposure is the cleanest sector-conflict signal — every committee vote, regulatory rule, or industry-specific tax change that affects these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet by tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per percentage-point price movement. The PELOSI Act recusal language specifically targets this: members would be required to abstain from votes \"directly affecting\" any concentrated personal holding above the $1M threshold. Heavy positions: (non-ticker) ($1,000,001 - $5,000,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_ticker_concentration","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"(non-ticker)","asset":"Personal Residence Description: Home on Hindman (Mount Pleasant, SC)","type":"Real Estate Residential","value":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_A000210_2025","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Andrews owes 1 named-bank loan on 2025 PFD — top: Fifth Third Charleston,","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Mortgage ($$250,001 - $500,000) at 6.875% (30 years) from Fifth Third Charleston,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2025","loanCount":1,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Mortgage","rate":"6.875% (30 years)","amount":"$250,001 - $500,000","creditor":"Fifth Third Charleston, SC","incurred":"2025"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P135_A000210","pattern_type":"P135_PFD_NEWLY_ELECTED_HIGH_ASSETS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Andrews's earliest disclosed PFD (2025) shows $5.5M in total assets — pre-Senate wealth accumulation","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's earliest disclosed Senate annual financial disclosure (2025) shows total assets of $5.5M (midpoint estimate from PFD value brackets). This represents pre-Senate or early-tenure wealth — the senator entered the chamber with this portfolio already in place, before any committee jurisdictions or floor votes. Newly-elected wealthy senators face a distinct conflict-of-interest profile: their underlying holdings reflect industry connections, prior corporate roles, board seats, family-trust structures, and business-deal income from their pre-political life. The starting-position snapshot contextualizes all subsequent activity — every regulatory decision, committee assignment, and trade window after the senator took office should be evaluated against this baseline portfolio. Asset count: 24; earned-income on first filing: $243,825.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_newly_elected_wealthy","earliestYear":"2025","totalAssetMid":5530510,"assetCount":24,"earnedIncome":243825,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P147_A000210_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 PFD reports earned income $244K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: Everytown for Gun Safety)","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $243,825 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Self-Employment Income from Everytown for Gun Safety ($35,000.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from Everytown for Gun Safety ($95,631.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from The Arena Charleston, SC ($16,194.00) · Self: Salary from Childrens National Medical Center ($97,000.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":243825,"earnedIncomeK":244,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund New York, NY","amount":"$35,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund New York, NY","amount":"$95,631.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"The Arena Charleston, SC","amount":"$16,194.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"Childrens National Medical Center Washington, DC","amount":"$97,000.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P162_A000210_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 23 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 23 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":23,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_A000210_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_A000210_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Andrews — 17 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Robert E. Andrews's 2025 Senate PFD shows 17 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":17,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/5588e6c6-6475-41e1-ac2e-3c0e0392f47c/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"F000187":[{"id":"P70_F000187","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (Advisory Board Member) at Advance Native Political Leadership San Francisco,","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (Advisory Board Member) at Advance Native Political Leadership San Francisco, CA (Nonprofit Organization); Other (Board Chair) at Capitol Area Architectural and Planning Board St. Paul, MN (Other (State Government)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2018 to Feb 2025","role":"Other (Advisory Board Member)","entity":"Advance Native Political Leadership San Francisco, CA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Other (Board Chair)","entity":"Capitol Area Architectural and Planning Board St. Paul, MN","entityType":"Other (State Government)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_F000187","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$127,240.36 in outside earned income — top source: State of Minnesota Saint Paul, MN ($$122,240.36)","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $127,240.36 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Minnesota Saint Paul, MN ($122,240.36, Salary); Advanced Native Political Leadership Action Fund/Tides Advoc ($5,000.00, Other (Consulting)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":127240.36,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Minnesota Saint Paul, MN","amount":"$122,240.36","amountNumeric":122240.36},{"owner":"Self","type":"Other (Consulting)","source":"Advanced Native Political Leadership Action Fund/Tides Advocacy San Francisco, C","amount":"$5,000.00","amountNumeric":5000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P83_F000187_2025","pattern_type":"P83_PFD_OPACITY_PATTERN","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael Patrick Flanagan discloses 11 opaque-value holdings on the 2025 Senate PFD (0 top-bracket + 11 unascertainable, 23% of 48 assets)","explanation":"Senate financial disclosure value brackets cap at \"Over $50,000,000,\" with each bracket covering a 2×–5× range. When a senator's PFD has many top-bracket entries or \"Unascertainable / N/A\" valuations, the actual portfolio composition cannot be reconstructed from the public filing — the bracket structure obscures whether a holding is worth $1M, $5M, $25M, or $50M+. Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 Senate annual disclosure has 11 opaque-value entries (0 top-bracket, 11 unascertainable) across 48 total reported assets — 23% of the portfolio. Journalists investigating concentration-of-wealth questions for this senator should file OGE Form 278e cross-references and check whether any post-deadline amendments narrowed the bracket. Sample opaque entries: American Century Investments - MN DFL Simple IRA (--) · The Wealth Group - Beneficiary Roth IRA (--) · The Wealth Group - Beneficiary IRA (--) · Minnesota 529 Plan Institution: VCSP/CollegeAmerica (--) · Pershing - Roth IRA (--).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_opacity","year":"2025","opaqueCount":11,"topBracketCount":0,"unascertCount":11,"totalAssets":48,"opaqueRatio":0.229,"samples":[{"asset":"American Century Investments - MN DFL Simple IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"The Wealth Group - Beneficiary Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"The Wealth Group - Beneficiary IRA","value":"--"},{"asset":"Minnesota 529 Plan Institution: VCSP/CollegeAmerica","value":"--"},{"asset":"Pershing - Roth IRA","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.oge.gov/web/oge.nsf/Public%20Financial%20Disclosure"]},{"id":"P87_F000187_2025","pattern_type":"P87_PFD_FAMILY_HOLDING_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 PFD: 15 holdings owned by spouse / joint / dependents (31% of 49 reported assets)","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 15 reported holdings owned by Spouse (14), Joint (1), or Dependent (0) — 31% of 49 total assets. The household balance sheet is unchanged regardless of the \"Owner\" attribution, but spouse trading is explicitly excluded from STOCK Act periodic transaction reports — so positions added or removed on the spouse's account require no 45-day disclosure. Heavy family-routed holdings have been flagged by financial-disclosure reporters (Business Insider's \"Conflicted Congress,\" Sludge, Sirota's The Lever) as the principal evasion vector under current law. The PELOSI Act would extend STOCK Act disclosure to spouses; current law does not. Sample family-owned holdings: Joint: Bremer Bank National Association (St. Paul, MN) Type: Checking · Spouse: US Bank (Saint Paul, MN) Type: Checking, Savings · Spouse: Pershing - Roth IRA · Spouse: BAGPX - Blackrock 60/40 Target Allocation Fund Investor.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_family_holdings","year":"2025","ownerBreakdown":{"Spouse":14,"Joint":1,"Dependent":0,"Self":33},"totalAssets":49,"familyShare":0.306,"samples":[{"owner":"Joint","asset":"Bremer Bank National Association (St. Paul, MN) Type: Checking","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"US Bank (Saint Paul, MN) Type: Checking, Savings","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Pershing - Roth IRA","value":"--"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"BAGPX - Blackrock 60/40 Target Allocation Fund Investor","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"owner":"Spouse","asset":"Empower - The Minneapolis Foundation 403(b)","value":"--"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.businessinsider.com/conflicted-congress"]},{"id":"P102_F000187_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Patrick Flanagan holds 1 nonprofit/foundation board role on 2025 PFD — top: Other (Advisory Board Member) · Advance Native Political Leadership","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 ongoing role on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Other (Advisory Board Member) · Advance Native Political Leadership.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Other (Advisory Board Member)","entity":"Advance Native Political Leadership San Francisco, CA","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Aug 2018 to Feb 2025"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P161_F000187_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 PFD includes 6 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 6 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: RFFTX - American Funds 2035 Target Date Retirement Fd Cl · VTIVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund · VTTHX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund · Minnesota Target Retirement 2045.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":6,"holdings":[{"asset":"RFFTX - American Funds 2035 Target Date Retirement Fd Cl","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"asset":"VTIVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund","value":"$250,001 - $500,000"},{"asset":"VTTHX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"Minnesota Target Retirement 2045","value":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"asset":"VTIVX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"TLXIX - Nuveen Lifecycle Index 2045 Fund R6","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_F000187_2025","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 48 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 48 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2025","totalAssetCount":48,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_F000187_2025","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $1.6M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $1.6M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2025","totalAssetMid":1625018.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_F000187_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P193_F000187_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Patrick Flanagan — 26 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Michael Patrick Flanagan's 2025 Senate PFD shows 26 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":26,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/c652babd-b0b3-4483-9dcd-98859125c187/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"J000290":[{"id":"P70_J000290","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Holds 2 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Other (District 3 Board Member) at Brevard County School Board Melbourne, FL","explanation":"Lynn Jenkins's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 2 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Other (District 3 Board Member) at Brevard County School Board Melbourne, FL (Other (Public School System)); Other (Found/Chair) at Educated We Stand Satellite Beach, FL (Other (Political Action Commit).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":2,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2020 to Nov 2024","role":"Other (District 3 Board Member)","entity":"Brevard County School Board Melbourne, FL","entityType":"Other (Public School System)"},{"dates":"Mar 2024 to present","role":"Other (Found/Chair)","entity":"Educated We Stand Satellite Beach, FL","entityType":"Other (Political Action Committee)"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_J000290","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$81,150.01 in outside earned income — top source: Brevard County Public Schools Melbourne, FL ($$41,150.01)","explanation":"Lynn Jenkins's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $81,150.01 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 2 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Brevard County Public Schools Melbourne, FL ($41,150.01, Salary); Educated We Stand Satellite Beach, FL ($40,000.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":81150.01000000001,"count":2,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Brevard County Public Schools Melbourne, FL","amount":"$41,150.01","amountNumeric":41150.01},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"Educated We Stand Satellite Beach, FL","amount":"$40,000.00","amountNumeric":40000}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_J000290","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lynn Jenkins draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.3M PAC / $20.2M total)","explanation":"Lynn Jenkins's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.3M of $20.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.26,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.18,"pacSharePct":50.9,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H8KS02090"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8KS02090/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P173_J000290_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lynn Jenkins's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Lynn Jenkins's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ee0539ff-75e1-41d1-8320-9ede7a401325/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]}],"L000428":[{"id":"P70_L000428","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"LOW","headline":"Holds 1 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant position — including Officer at Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, IL","explanation":"Russell B. Long's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 1 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, IL (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":1,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Jan 2016 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, IL","entityType":"Company"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_L000428","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$261,375 in outside earned income — top source: NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($$179,550.00)","explanation":"Russell B. Long's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $261,375 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 4 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($179,550.00, Self-Employment Income); NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($58,500.00, Self-Employment Income); NUSA ERF Arlington, VA ($16,125.00, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":261375,"count":4,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina","amount":"$179,550.00","amountNumeric":179550},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina","amount":"$58,500.00","amountNumeric":58500},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"NUSA ERF Arlington, VA","amount":"$16,125.00","amountNumeric":16125},{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"ACTA Washington, D.C.","amount":"$7,200.00","amountNumeric":7200}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P103_L000428_2025","pattern_type":"P103_PFD_FOR_PROFIT_DIRECTOR","severity":"LOW","headline":"Russell B. Long holds 1 for-profit officer/director role on 2025 PFD — top: Officer · Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville,","explanation":"Russell B. Long's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 1 active officer or director role in a for-profit corporation, LLC, or partnership. Officer roles imply ongoing fiduciary duty to the corporation's shareholders, which can run in tension with the senator's fiduciary duty to constituents — particularly when the corporation operates in a sector the senator's committee regulates. This pattern is distinct from passive private-business ownership (covered by P68): officer roles entail active board votes, signature authority, and direct financial decision-making during the senator's term. Roles: Officer · Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, (Company).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_for_profit_officer","year":"2025","count":1,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"Youthcentrix Therapy Services Edwardsville, IL","entityType":"Company","dates":"Jan 2016 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P147_L000428_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Russell B. Long's 2025 PFD reports earned income $262K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina)","explanation":"Russell B. Long's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $262,375 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Self-Employment Income from NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($179,550.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina ($58,500.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from NW Digital New York, ($1,000.00) · Self: Self-Employment Income from ACTA Washington, D.C. ($7,200.00). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":262375,"earnedIncomeK":262,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina","amount":"$179,550.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"NUSA SO Arlington, Virgina","amount":"$58,500.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"NW Digital New York, NY","amount":"$1,000.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"ACTA Washington, D.C.","amount":"$7,200.00"},{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Self-Employment Income","payer":"NUSA ERF Arlington, VA","amount":"$16,125.00"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P173_L000428_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Russell B. Long's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Russell B. Long's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/565471b3-2c65-409f-a8f1-208824af6526/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P185_L000428","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Russell B. Long — served 20 Congresses (~40 years)","explanation":"Russell B. Long served 20 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 40 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":20,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000428","https://www.congress.gov/member/russell-b-long/L000428"]},{"id":"P200_L000428","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Russell B. Long — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–99)","explanation":"Russell B. Long began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":20}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000428","https://www.congress.gov/member/russell-b-long/L000428"]}],"S000997":[{"id":"P70_S000997","pattern_type":"P70_OUTSIDE_BOARD_POSITION","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Holds 9 outside Director/Trustee/Officer/Consultant positions — including Officer at Healing-Centered Illinois Task Force Springfield, ","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) lists 9 outside positions — Director, Trustee, Officer, Consultant, or similar role at organizations beyond their senate service. Outside board / consulting positions create direct dual-loyalty conflicts: the senator simultaneously represents the public AND the outside organization's interests. Particularly newsworthy when the organization operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Sample: Officer at Healing-Centered Illinois Task Force Springfield, IL (Other (State Government)); Officer at Rivers of Illinois Coordinating Council Springfield, IL (Other (State Government)); Officer at Military Economic Development Committee Springfield, IL (Other (State Government)).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_positions","count":9,"year":"2025","positions":[{"dates":"Aug 2023 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Healing-Centered Illinois Task Force Springfield, IL","entityType":"Other (State Government)"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Rivers of Illinois Coordinating Council Springfield, IL","entityType":"Other (State Government)"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Military Economic Development Committee Springfield, IL","entityType":"Other (State Government)"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Illinois Council on Women and Girls Springfield, IL","entityType":"Other (State Government)"},{"dates":"Jan 2020 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Restore, Reinvest, Renew (R3) Board Springfield, IL","entityType":"Other (State Government)"},{"dates":"Jan 2019 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Governor's Rural Affairs Council Springfield, IL","entityType":"Other (State Government)"},{"dates":"Jan 2020 to present","role":"Officer","entity":"Governor's Opioid Overdose Prevention and Recovery Steering Committee Springfield, IL","entityType":"Other (State Government)"},{"dates":"Jul 2022 to Aug 2023","role":"Officer","entity":"National Lieutenant Governor's Association Covington, KY","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P71_S000997","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"$250,300 in outside earned income — top source: State of Illinois Springfield, IL ($$250,300.00)","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2025) reports $250,300 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: State of Illinois Springfield, IL ($250,300.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2025","totalIncome":250300,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"State of Illinois Springfield, IL","amount":"$250,300.00","amountNumeric":250300}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P102_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P102_PFD_NONPROFIT_BOARD_ROLE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton holds 2 nonprofit/foundation board roles on 2025 PFD — top: Officer · National Lieutenant Governor's Association","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 8 — Positions Held) lists 2 ongoing roles on a nonprofit, foundation, or 501(c)(3) board. Charity board memberships are unpaid but generate (a) named-affiliation alignment with the organization's political leanings, (b) potential private-jet/lodging benefits from gala fundraisers (sometimes disclosed separately as gifts under PFD Part 5), and (c) mission-statement signaling that may correlate with the senator's floor speeches, sponsored bills, or earmark recipients. Journalists should cross-reference (i) whether the named org maintains federal lobbying registration on lda.senate.gov, (ii) whether it has received grants from federal programs the senator's committee oversees, and (iii) whether the org's IRS Form 990 lists significant donor-advised-fund flows from senator-aligned PACs. Roles: Officer · National Lieutenant Governor's Association · Other (Committee Chair) · Council of State Governments.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_nonprofit_board","year":"2025","count":2,"roles":[{"position":"Officer","entity":"National Lieutenant Governor's Association Covington, KY","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"Jul 2022 to Aug 2023"},{"position":"Other (Committee Chair)","entity":"Council of State Governments Lexington, KY","entityType":"Nonprofit Organization","dates":"May 2023 to present"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/"]},{"id":"P106_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P106_PFD_HOLDING_HEAVY_LOBBYING_CO","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton holds 7 tickers on 2025 PFD with ≥$1M federal lobbying spend each — FDX ($21.4M), AAPL ($20.9M), TM ($7.2M)","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 7 stock holdings in companies that each spent at least $1,000,000 on federal lobbying activity (per LDA quarterly disclosures, aggregated). Combined federal lobbying spend across the senator's heavy-lobbying holdings: $69.5M. The senator's portfolio gains directly from policy outcomes the held companies are paying lobbyists to secure — every regulatory decision, tax-rule tweak, or legislative carve-out benefiting these companies moves the senator's personal balance sheet. Heavy-lobbying holdings: FDX ($21.4M, 53 filings) · AAPL ($20.9M, 42 filings) · TM ($7.2M, 22 filings) · AMD ($6.2M, 24 filings) · JPM ($6.0M, 41 filings) · MCD ($4.1M, 15 filings).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_lobby_xref","year":"2025","holdingCount":7,"totalLobbyAcrossM":69.48,"holdings":[{"ticker":"FDX","totalLobby":21421000,"recordCount":53,"topClient":"FEDEX CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"AAPL","totalLobby":20940000,"recordCount":42,"topClient":"APPLE INC."},{"ticker":"TM","totalLobby":7190485,"recordCount":22,"topClient":"TOYOTA MOTOR SALES INC"},{"ticker":"AMD","totalLobby":6190000,"recordCount":24,"topClient":"ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC."},{"ticker":"JPM","totalLobby":6050000,"recordCount":41,"topClient":"JPMORGAN CHASE HOLDINGS LLC"},{"ticker":"MCD","totalLobby":4070000,"recordCount":15,"topClient":"MCDONALD'S CORPORATION"},{"ticker":"NKE","totalLobby":3620000,"recordCount":38,"topClient":"NIKE INC"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying"]},{"id":"P107_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P107_PFD_HOLDING_PATENT_HEAVY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton holds 2 high-patent tickers (≥1,000 US patents each) on 2025 PFD — AAPL (10,895), NKE (4,058)","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in companies with at least 1,000 granted US patents (combined: 14,953 patents). High-patent companies depend on intellectual-property law for revenue protection — Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) inter-partes review rules, drug-patent extension under Hatch-Waxman, software-patent eligibility (post-Alice Corp v. CLS Bank), and \"patent troll\" venue reform. Senators holding these companies vote on PTAB reform, the SHIELD Act, the STRONGER Patents Act, and pharma evergreening fights — direct sector alignment when their portfolio appreciates with strengthened patent protections. Heavy-patent holdings: AAPL (10,895 patents) · NKE (4,058 patents).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_holding_patents","year":"2025","holdingCount":2,"totalPatents":14953,"holdings":[{"ticker":"AAPL","patentCount":10895,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"},{"ticker":"NKE","patentCount":4058,"latestDate":"2023-11-07"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.uspto.gov/patents","https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ptab"]},{"id":"P114_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P114_PFD_BIG_TECH_HOLDING_ANTITRUST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton holds 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech tickers on 2025 PFD — GOOG, AAPL","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 of the 6 dominant Big Tech companies (AAPL, GOOGL/GOOG, AMZN, META, MSFT) — the direct subjects of FTC and DOJ antitrust enforcement (Google search, Apple App Store, Amazon Marketplace, Meta acquisitions), pending major merger reviews, and the AICOA / Open App Markets Act / JCPA / Section 230 reform debates. When senators hold concentrated Big Tech positions while voting on antitrust legislation that directly affects these companies, the personal-portfolio conflict is at its starkest. Holdings: GOOG ($1,001 - $15,000) · AAPL ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_big_tech_antitrust","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"GOOG","asset":"GOOG - Alphabet Cl C","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"AAPL","asset":"AAPL - Apple Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onJudiciaryCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/","https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings"]},{"id":"P120_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P120_PFD_BANK_HOLDING_BANKING_CMT","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton holds 2 major US bank tickers on 2025 PFD — C, JPM","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 2 stock holdings in major US bank holding companies — JPMorgan (JPM), Bank of America (BAC), Wells Fargo (WFC), Citigroup (C), Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), or regional majors (USB, PNC, TFC, COF, BK, STT, FITB, etc.). These banks face direct Banking Committee oversight: Federal Reserve and FDIC nominees, CFPB rule-making, stress test scenarios, GSIB capital surcharges, Volcker Rule enforcement, supervisory letters, merger reviews. The classic \"regulator's stock\" conflict — every committee vote affecting bank capital, examination scope, or merger approval moves the held stocks. Holdings: C ($1,001 - $15,000) · JPM ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_holding","year":"2025","count":2,"holdings":[{"ticker":"C","asset":"C - Citigroup Inc","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"JPM","asset":"JPM - JP Morgan Chase & Company","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/","https://www.federalreserve.gov/"]},{"id":"P121_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P121_PFD_AUTO_HOLDING_NHTSA","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton holds 1 auto-industry ticker on 2025 PFD — TM","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in major auto manufacturers, EV makers, or auto suppliers (Tesla TSLA, GM, Ford F, Stellantis STLA, Rivian RIVN, Lucid LCID, plus suppliers like Mobileye MBLY, Aptiv APTV, Magna MGA, BorgWarner BWA). The Inflation Reduction Act EV tax credit ($7,500/vehicle subject to sourcing rules) is a directly portfolio-relevant policy lever; NHTSA recall enforcement and CAFE rule-making move auto-stock prices materially. Holdings: TM ($1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_auto_nhtsa","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"ticker":"TM","asset":"TM - Toyota Motor Corp Ltd Ord ADR","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"onAutoCommittee":false,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.commerce.senate.gov/","https://www.nhtsa.gov/"]},{"id":"P147_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P147_PFD_HIGH_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 PFD reports earned income $251K — well above $174K senate salary (top source: State of Illinois Springfield,)","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports total earned income of $251,300 — well above the federal senator's salary of $174,000. The Senate ethics rules cap a member's \"outside earned income\" at 15% of executive-branch level II salary (currently ~$31,000/year), so any earned income above this threshold typically comes from sources excluded from the cap: book royalties, passive partnership distributions, retirement income, or spousal income reported on the joint PFD. Income sources reported in PFD Part 2: Self: Salary from State of Illinois Springfield, ($250,300.00) · Spouse: Salary from State of Illinois Chicago, (> $1,000). Heavy outside income raises distinct journalist questions: who is paying, whether the payer has matters before the senator's committee, whether the work is genuine value-for-payment or fee-for-access, and whether the income source represents pre-Senate compensation continuing post-election.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_outside_income","year":"2025","earnedIncome":251300,"earnedIncomeK":251,"sources":[{"recipient":"Self","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"State of Illinois Springfield, IL","amount":"$250,300.00"},{"recipient":"Spouse","incomeType":"Salary","payer":"State of Illinois Chicago, IL","amount":"> $1,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2/files/serve?File_id=efb7a0fa-89cd-4dd9-bb40-baee1d6e9b5d"]},{"id":"P159_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P159_PFD_FOREIGN_DOMICILED_TICKERS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton holds 1 non-US-domiciled stock on 2025 PFD across 1 country — TM (Japan)","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure includes 1 stock holding in non-US-domiciled companies (American Depositary Receipts or direct foreign listings) spanning 1 country (Japan). Foreign-domiciled stock exposure raises distinct policy questions: (a) tax-treaty implications under IRC Sections 871 and 1441 (foreign-source dividend withholding), (b) potential CFIUS-screening misalignment — the senator indirectly funds the foreign company while voting on foreign-investment screening rules, (c) currency-hedging implications for monetary-policy votes, and (d) for China-domiciled stocks specifically, exposure to PCAOB audit-access dispute and forced-delisting (Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act) outcomes that the senator may vote on. Holdings: TM (Japan, $1,001 - $15,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_foreign_domiciled","year":"2025","count":1,"countries":["Japan"],"holdings":[{"ticker":"TM","country":"Japan","asset":"TM - Toyota Motor Corp Ltd Ord ADR","value":"$1,001 - $15,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/international/the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states-cfius","https://pcaobus.org/oversight/international"]},{"id":"P161_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 PFD includes 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 1 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holding. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: VTTSX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2025","count":1,"holdings":[{"asset":"VTTSX - Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P185_S000997","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000997","https://www.congress.gov/member/samuel-s-stratton/S000997"]},{"id":"P193_S000997_2025","pattern_type":"P193_PFD_PASSIVE_HOLDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton — 13 PFD ticker positions but only 0 disclosed PTRs","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton's 2025 Senate PFD shows 13 ticker positions but the member disclosed only 0 stock transactions in the tracking window. Sustained passive-hold posture is transparency-positive (no active trading conflict) BUT the static positions still create vote-vs-portfolio overlap on every issue affecting the held companies — recusal-not-divestment trade-off worth surfacing as part of any \"clean trader\" frame.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_passive_holder","year":"2025","tickerPositions":13,"tradeCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/200d82db-2e5d-46d9-b876-637c9b4fb25b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P200_S000997","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel S. Stratton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–100)","explanation":"Samuel S. Stratton began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000997","https://www.congress.gov/member/samuel-s-stratton/S000997"]}],"C000754":[{"id":"P71_C000754","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$54,420.75 in outside earned income — top source: WV Consolidated Public Retirement Board Charleston, West Vir ($$54,420.75)","explanation":"Jim Cooper's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $54,420.75 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: WV Consolidated Public Retirement Board Charleston, West Vir ($54,420.75, Pension).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":54420.75,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"WV Consolidated Public Retirement Board Charleston, West Virginia","amount":"$54,420.75","amountNumeric":54420.75}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P161_C000754_2026","pattern_type":"P161_PFD_TARGET_DATE_RETIREMENT_FUND","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Cooper's 2026 PFD includes 3 target-date / retirement-allocation funds — set-it-and-forget-it passive profile","explanation":"Jim Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows 3 target-date / retirement-allocation fund holdings. These professionally-managed funds-of-funds (Vanguard Target Retirement, Fidelity Freedom, T Rowe Price Retirement, BlackRock LifePath) automatically rebalance asset allocation as the target retirement date approaches — meaning the senator does not direct individual investment decisions for these holdings. This is a transparency-positive signal indicating a \"set-it-and-forget-it\" portfolio posture, distinct from active-trader profiles (P139) and even from broad-index passive (P160) because target-date funds adjust risk exposure over time without the senator's input. Holdings: SMART529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 12-13 Filer comment: This infor · SMART 529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 10-11 Filer comment: This info · SMART529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 4-6 Filer comment: This informa.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_target_date_fund","year":"2026","count":3,"holdings":[{"asset":"SMART529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 12-13 Filer comment: This information relates to Beneficiary ","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"SMART 529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 10-11 Filer comment: This information relates to Beneficiary","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"asset":"SMART529 WV Direct Age-Based Portfolio 4-6 Filer comment: This information relates to Beneficiary D.","value":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P162_C000754_2026","pattern_type":"P162_PFD_NO_INDIVIDUAL_STOCKS","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Cooper's 2026 PFD shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 16 reported assets — gold-standard transparency posture","explanation":"Jim Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure shows zero individual-ticker stock holdings across 16 reported assets — the entire portfolio is in mutual funds, ETFs, bonds, real estate, cash, retirement plans, or non-tradeable assets. This is the cleanest possible signal of avoiding individual-ticker conflict-of-interest exposure: the senator cannot face the \"you traded ticker X near vote on bill affecting X\" attack because they don't hold any individual tickers. Combined with P97 (qualified blind trust), it represents the maximum recusal commitment short of full divestiture. Note: this finding flags the absence of individual stocks at the latest filing snapshot — historical PTRs may still show prior individual-stock activity that has since been divested.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_no_individual_stocks","year":"2026","totalAssetCount":16,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P167_C000754_2026","pattern_type":"P167_PFD_ZERO_LIABILITIES","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Cooper's 2026 PFD reports zero liabilities (assets $0.6M, debt-free posture)","explanation":"Jim Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports zero liabilities — no mortgage, no line of credit, no margin debt, no revolving balance — against $0.6M in total assets. Debt-free posture is rare among senators (most carry at least one mortgage) and represents financial-pressure-immune positioning: the senator is not vulnerable to the financial-stress influence vectors flagged by P98 (high-rate debt). This is a transparency-positive signal — useful counter-context to wealth-concentration findings, and journalists profiling senator-types should note which members operate with zero leverage.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_zero_liabilities","year":"2026","totalAssetMid":643757.5,"liabCount":0,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_C000754_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Cooper's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Jim Cooper's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/81f91312-70a1-4ace-84c2-1b8ce9eb2b56/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P174_C000754","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Cooper has clean-baseline profile: 5 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Cooper triggers only 5 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":5,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000754"]},{"id":"P198_C000754","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Cooper — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Jim Cooper has served 7 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000754","https://www.congress.gov/member/jim-cooper/C000754"]}],"E000239":[{"id":"P71_E000239","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"$135,810.9 in outside earned income — top source: United States Army Washington, DC ($$109,251.90)","explanation":"David W. Evans's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $135,810.9 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 3 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: United States Army Washington, DC ($109,251.90, Salary); United States Army Arlington, VA ($14,488.00, Pension); United States Army Arlington, VA ($12,071.00, Salary).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":135810.9,"count":3,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"United States Army Washington, DC","amount":"$109,251.90","amountNumeric":109251.9},{"owner":"Self","type":"Pension","source":"United States Army Arlington, VA","amount":"$14,488.00","amountNumeric":14488},{"owner":"Self","type":"Salary","source":"United States Army Arlington, VA","amount":"$12,071.00","amountNumeric":12071}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff1b2587-7962-47d2-a579-7ba82a3c079f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P96_E000239_2026","pattern_type":"P96_PFD_BANK_LENDER_NAMED","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"David W. Evans owes 3 named-bank loans on 2026 PFD — top: Citi Bank Philadelphia,","explanation":"David W. Evans's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 3 personal liabilities owed to named major US banks or financial institutions. Personal-lending relationships with a major regulated bank are a distinct conflict vector from stock ownership: the senator has individual creditor exposure, loan terms (rate, points) may have been negotiated below market, and the institution has ongoing financial interest in the senator's committee votes affecting them. Loans: Line of Credit ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 24.99% (on demand) from Citi Bank Philadelphia, · Line of Credit ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 24.99% (On demand) from USAA San Antonio, · Line of Credit ($$15,001 - $50,000) at 9.99-29.99% (On Demand) from Barclays Bank London,.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_bank_liability","year":"2026","loanCount":3,"loans":[{"debtor":"Self","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"24.99% (on demand)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Citi Bank Philadelphia, PA","incurred":"2023"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"24.99% (On demand)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"USAA San Antonio, TX","incurred":"2025"},{"debtor":"Self","type":"Line of Credit","rate":"9.99-29.99% (On Demand)","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000","creditor":"Barclays Bank London, UK","incurred":"2024"}],"onBankingCommittee":false,"committees":null,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff1b2587-7962-47d2-a579-7ba82a3c079f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff1b2587-7962-47d2-a579-7ba82a3c079f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.banking.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P98_E000239_2026","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David W. Evans carries 4 high-rate debt entries (≥12% APR) on 2026 PFD — top: 24.99% (on demand) Line of Credit","explanation":"David W. Evans's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 4 personal liabilities at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Line of Credit 24.99% (on demand) from Citi Bank Philadelphia, ($$15,001 - $50,000) · Line of Credit 24.99% (On demand) from USAA San Antonio, ($$15,001 - $50,000) · Line of Credit 9.99-29.99% (On Demand) from Chase New York, ($$15,001 - $50,000) · Line of Credit 9.99-29.99% (On Demand) from Barclays Bank London, ($$15,001 - $50,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2026","count":4,"loans":[{"type":"Line of Credit","rate":"24.99% (on demand)","creditor":"Citi Bank Philadelphia, PA","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"type":"Line of Credit","rate":"24.99% (On demand)","creditor":"USAA San Antonio, TX","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"type":"Line of Credit","rate":"9.99-29.99% (On Demand)","creditor":"Chase New York, NY","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"},{"type":"Line of Credit","rate":"9.99-29.99% (On Demand)","creditor":"Barclays Bank London, UK","amount":"$15,001 - $50,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff1b2587-7962-47d2-a579-7ba82a3c079f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff1b2587-7962-47d2-a579-7ba82a3c079f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_E000239_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"David W. Evans's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"David W. Evans's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff1b2587-7962-47d2-a579-7ba82a3c079f/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/ff1b2587-7962-47d2-a579-7ba82a3c079f/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P200_E000239","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David W. Evans — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"David W. Evans began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000239","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-w-evans/E000239"]}],"L000267":[{"id":"P71_L000267","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$41,595 in outside earned income — top source: ONESOURCE Employment Management, LLC Chandler, Arizona ($$41,595.00)","explanation":"David A. Levy's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $41,595 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: ONESOURCE Employment Management, LLC Chandler, Arizona ($41,595.00, Wages).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":41595,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Wages","source":"ONESOURCE Employment Management, LLC Chandler, Arizona","amount":"$41,595.00","amountNumeric":41595}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e818f2f-86d6-4640-af63-c4fb25fb6d3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_L000267_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"David A. Levy's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"David A. Levy's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e818f2f-86d6-4640-af63-c4fb25fb6d3b/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/4e818f2f-86d6-4640-af63-c4fb25fb6d3b/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P174_L000267","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"David A. Levy has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"David A. Levy triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000267"]}],"P000230":[{"id":"P71_P000230","pattern_type":"P71_PFD_OUTSIDE_INCOME","severity":"LOW","headline":"$27,019.45 in outside earned income — top source: Walmart Inc Bentonville, AR ($$27,019.45)","explanation":"Carl Dewey Perkins's most-recent Senate annual financial disclosure (year 2026) reports $27,019.45 in outside earned income beyond senate salary, across 1 sources — book deals, speaking fees, board compensation, consulting income, spouse's salary. Outside income creates financial-incentive structures separate from senate service. Particularly newsworthy when the income source operates in an industry the senator's committees regulate. Top sources: Walmart Inc Bentonville, AR ($27,019.45, Self-Employment Income).","evidence":[{"source":"outside_income","year":"2026","totalIncome":27019.45,"count":1,"top":[{"owner":"Self","type":"Self-Employment Income","source":"Walmart Inc Bentonville, AR","amount":"$27,019.45","amountNumeric":27019.45}]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d41b4843-a5c2-4429-a7f3-6849ef314198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_P000230_2026","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carl Dewey Perkins's 2026 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"Carl Dewey Perkins's 2026 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2026","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d41b4843-a5c2-4429-a7f3-6849ef314198/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/d41b4843-a5c2-4429-a7f3-6849ef314198/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P174_P000230","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carl Dewey Perkins has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Carl Dewey Perkins triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000230"]},{"id":"P185_P000230","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Carl Dewey Perkins — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Carl Dewey Perkins served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000230","https://www.congress.gov/member/carl-dewey-perkins/P000230"]},{"id":"P200_P000230","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carl Dewey Perkins — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–98)","explanation":"Carl Dewey Perkins began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000230","https://www.congress.gov/member/carl-dewey-perkins/P000230"]}],"A000103":[{"id":"P82_A000103_2011","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Alexander filed 2 amendments to the 2011 Senate annual disclosure — 3 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Bill Alexander's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2011 report alone, with 3 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2011,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":3,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/CDEF5B61-A265-4CAC-BFDC-5ABD9D5CDE03/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/03919297-37B1-4121-8592-4D9C7319C79C/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/CDEF5B61-A265-4CAC-BFDC-5ABD9D5CDE03/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/03919297-37B1-4121-8592-4D9C7319C79C/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_A000103","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Alexander has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Bill Alexander triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000103"]},{"id":"P185_A000103","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Alexander — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Bill Alexander served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000103","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-alexander/A000103"]},{"id":"P200_A000103","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Alexander — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–102)","explanation":"Bill Alexander began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000103","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-alexander/A000103"]}],"A000361":[{"id":"P82_A000361_2011","pattern_type":"P82_PFD_AMENDMENT_PATTERN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rodney Alexander filed 2 amendments to the 2011 Senate annual disclosure — 3 total amendments across 1 year","explanation":"Senate Ethics rules (5 U.S.C. § 13105) require amendments to financial disclosures when filers discover material errors or omissions. Rodney Alexander's Senate eFD record shows 2 amendments to the 2011 report alone, with 3 amendments across 1 year of filings. Repeated amendments to the same year's PFD warrant a journalist's review: which assets, transactions, or income streams were originally omitted? Did press coverage, an ethics complaint, or an STA Act stop-trade-after-knowledge concern precede each amendment? Compare each amendment's filing date against contemporaneous news cycles and committee activity. Amendments are public — every version is downloadable from efdsearch.senate.gov. The original report and each amendment must be diff'd line-by-line to identify what changed.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_amendments","year":2011,"amendmentCount":2,"totalAmendmentsAcrossYears":3,"yearsWithMultipleAmendments":1,"sampleTitles":["Annual Report (Amendment)","Annual Report (Amendment)"],"amendmentUrls":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/CDEF5B61-A265-4CAC-BFDC-5ABD9D5CDE03/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/03919297-37B1-4121-8592-4D9C7319C79C/"]}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/CDEF5B61-A265-4CAC-BFDC-5ABD9D5CDE03/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/paper/03919297-37B1-4121-8592-4D9C7319C79C/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P138_A000361","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rodney Alexander draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.1M PAC / $14.8M total)","explanation":"Rodney Alexander's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.1M of $14.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.08,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.75,"pacSharePct":41.2,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2LA05084"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2LA05084/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_A000361","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rodney Alexander has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Rodney Alexander triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000361"]},{"id":"P182_A000361_TorequiretheForestSe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rodney Alexander sponsored \"To require the Forest Service to accommodate, to the extent \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rodney Alexander has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To require the Forest Service to accommodate, to the extent consistent with the management objectives and limitations applicable to the National Forest System lands at issue, individuals with mobility disabilities who need to use a power-driven mobility device for reasonable access to such lands."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001192":[{"id":"P89_S001192","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Stewart (left 2025, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — 5 clients across 5 filings","explanation":"Chris Stewart left Congress in 2025 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $010000.0030000.0045000.0030000.0015000.00 from 5 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: KALOGON, INC., THE ALLIANCE FOR SECURE AI ACTION, KYLE HOUSE GROUP, LLC, SEEK LABS, INC., VIRTUALITICS, INC..","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2025,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":"010000.0030000.0045000.0030000.0015000.00","clientCount":5,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["KALOGON, INC.","THE ALLIANCE FOR SECURE AI ACTION","KYLE HOUSE GROUP, LLC","SEEK LABS, INC.","VIRTUALITICS, INC."],"sampleFirms":["SKYLINE CAPITOL LLC"],"filings":5,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Chris%20Stewart"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Chris%20Stewart","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_S001192","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Chris Stewart draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.6M PAC / $11.0M total)","explanation":"Chris Stewart's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.6M of $11.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.64,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.03,"pacSharePct":51.2,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H2UT02324"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2UT02324/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_S001192","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chris Stewart — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Chris Stewart has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001192","https://www.congress.gov/member/chris-stewart/S001192"]}],"S001154":[{"id":"P89_S001154","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Shuster (left 2019, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — 1 clients across 3 filings","explanation":"Bill Shuster left Congress in 2019 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $0 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: AIRPORTS FOR THE USVI.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2019,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":0,"clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["AIRPORTS FOR THE USVI"],"sampleFirms":["SQUIRE PATTON BOGGS"],"filings":3,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Bill%20Shuster"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Bill%20Shuster","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P136_S001154","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Shuster ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.0M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Bill Shuster's FEC-bulk record shows $18.0M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $33.2M (PAC: $18.0M, individual: $14.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.02,"lifetimeReceiptsM":33.2,"lifetimeIndividualM":14.03,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2PA09035"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2PA09035/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001154","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Shuster draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.0M PAC / $33.2M total)","explanation":"Bill Shuster's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.0M of $33.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.02,"lifetimeReceiptsM":33.2,"pacSharePct":54.3,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H2PA09035"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2PA09035/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000487":[{"id":"P89_R000487","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward R. Royce (left 2019, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.09M total lobby income, 2 clients across 3 filings","explanation":"Edward R. Royce left Congress in 2019 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $090000.0000 from 2 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: THE JEWISH FEDERATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA, LILIUM CAPITAL.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2019,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":"090000.0000","clientCount":2,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["THE JEWISH FEDERATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA","LILIUM CAPITAL"],"sampleFirms":["BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK, LLP"],"filings":3,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Edward%20R.%20Royce"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Edward%20R.%20Royce","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_R000487","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward R. Royce draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.2M PAC / $45.8M total)","explanation":"Edward R. Royce's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.2M of $45.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":45.78,"pacSharePct":33.3,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H6CA39020"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA39020/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000487","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward R. Royce has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Edward R. Royce triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000487"]},{"id":"P195_R000487","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward R. Royce — DW-NOMINATE 0.66 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Edward R. Royce's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.66) is 1.8 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.657,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.85"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H001045":[{"id":"P89_H001045","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregg Harper (left 2019) registered as LDA lobbyist — 7 clients across 7 filings","explanation":"Gregg Harper left Congress in 2019 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $015000.0012000.0015000.0015000.0022500.0037500.0022500.00 from 7 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: CITY OF PETAL, NATIONAL FRAGILE X FOUNDATION, CITY OF NATCHEZ, CITY OF LOUISVILLE, FORREST-LAMAR ALLIANCE.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2019,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"015000.0012000.0015000.0015000.0022500.0037500.0022500.00","clientCount":7,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["CITY OF PETAL","NATIONAL FRAGILE X FOUNDATION","CITY OF NATCHEZ","CITY OF LOUISVILLE","FORREST-LAMAR ALLIANCE","AARP","THE COALITION OF RESIDENTIAL EXCELLENCE (CORE)"],"sampleFirms":["HARPER & BAILEY GOVERNMENTAL SOLUTIONS LLC"],"filings":7,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Gregg%20Harper"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Gregg%20Harper","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_H001045","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gregg Harper draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.2M PAC / $10.9M total)","explanation":"Gregg Harper's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.2M of $10.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.92,"pacSharePct":38.2,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H8MS03067"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MS03067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001045","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gregg Harper has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Gregg Harper triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001045"]}],"C000071":[{"id":"P89_C000071","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave Camp (left 2015, House) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.05M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Dave Camp left Congress in 2015 (House) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $050000.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY CLAIMANTS' REPRESENTATIVES.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2015,"chamber":"House","totalLobbyIncome":"050000.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY CLAIMANTS' REPRESENTATIVES"],"sampleFirms":["162 STRATEGIES"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Dave%20Camp"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Dave%20Camp","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P136_C000071","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dave Camp ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.5M across 28 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Dave Camp's FEC-bulk record shows $24.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $38.7M (PAC: $24.5M, individual: $11.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.66,"lifetimeIndividualM":11.52,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0MI10071"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MI10071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C000071","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dave Camp draws 63% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.5M PAC / $38.7M total)","explanation":"Dave Camp's FEC-bulk record shows 63% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.5M of $38.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":38.66,"pacSharePct":63.3,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H0MI10071"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MI10071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_C000071_Torequireamountsrema","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dave Camp sponsored \"To require amounts remaining in Members' representational al\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Dave Camp has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To require amounts remaining in Members' representational allowances at the end of a fiscal year to be used for deficit reduction or to reduce the Federal debt, and for other purposes."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"P000590":[{"id":"P89_P000590","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark L. Pryor (left 2015, Senate) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.05M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Mark L. Pryor left Congress in 2015 (Senate) and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $050000.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH & PERFORMANCE.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2015,"chamber":"Senate","totalLobbyIncome":"050000.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH & PERFORMANCE"],"sampleFirms":["BROWNSTEIN HYATT FARBER SCHRECK, LLP"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Mark%20L.%20Pryor"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Mark%20L.%20Pryor","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_P000590","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark L. Pryor draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.5M PAC / $45.9M total)","explanation":"Mark L. Pryor's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.5M of $45.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":45.87,"pacSharePct":31.7,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"S0AR00028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0AR00028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_P000590","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark L. Pryor has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mark L. Pryor triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000590"]},{"id":"P181_P000590","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark L. Pryor — 84 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Mark L. Pryor sponsored 84 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":84}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001045":[{"id":"P89_S001045","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bart Stupak (left 2011) registered as LDA lobbyist — 4 clients across 5 filings","explanation":"Bart Stupak left Congress in 2011 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $080000.00020000.0040000.0040000.00 from 4 clients across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: SUTTER HEALTH, MISSION POINT RESORT, KERBEY HARRINGTON PINKARD LLP ON BEHALF OF CABOT CORPORATION, HIGH ROCK WESTMINSTER LLC.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2011,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"080000.00020000.0040000.0040000.00","clientCount":4,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["SUTTER HEALTH","MISSION POINT RESORT","KERBEY HARRINGTON PINKARD LLP ON BEHALF OF CABOT CORPORATION","HIGH ROCK WESTMINSTER LLC"],"sampleFirms":["VENABLE LLP"],"filings":5,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Bart%20Stupak"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Bart%20Stupak","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P138_S001045","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bart Stupak draws 67% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.7M PAC / $14.4M total)","explanation":"Bart Stupak's FEC-bulk record shows 67% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.7M of $14.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.69,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.44,"pacSharePct":67.1,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H2MI01068"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MI01068/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"P000589":[{"id":"P89_P000589","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon C. Porter (left 2009) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.04M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Jon C. Porter left Congress in 2009 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $040000.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: STOREY COUNTY.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2009,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"040000.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["STOREY COUNTY"],"sampleFirms":["PORTER GROUP, LLC"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jon%20C.%20Porter"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Jon%20C.%20Porter","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P174_P000589","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon C. Porter has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jon C. Porter triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000589"]}],"R000569":[{"id":"P89_R000569","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas M. Reynolds (left 2009) registered as LDA lobbyist — $0.04M total lobby income, 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Thomas M. Reynolds left Congress in 2009 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $040000.00 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: CITY OF BUFFALO, NY.","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2009,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":"040000.00","clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["CITY OF BUFFALO, NY"],"sampleFirms":["HOLLAND & KNIGHT LLP"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Thomas%20M.%20Reynolds"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Thomas%20M.%20Reynolds","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P174_R000569","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas M. Reynolds has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Thomas M. Reynolds triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000569"]}],"A000355":[{"id":"P89_A000355","pattern_type":"P89_REVOLVING_DOOR_DEPARTED_LOBBYIST","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spencer Abraham (left 2001) registered as LDA lobbyist — 1 clients across 1 filings","explanation":"Spencer Abraham left Congress in 2001 () and now appears in federal Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) filings as a registered lobbyist. Total reported lobby income across LDA filings: $0 from 1 client across 1 firm. The \"revolving door\" — members of Congress who immediately register to lobby their former colleagues for paying corporate clients — is the most direct conflict-of-interest channel under current law. Most former members face only a 1-year (House) or 2-year (Senate) \"cooling-off\" period before they may directly lobby Congress. Sample clients: U.S. GOLDMINING INC..","evidence":[{"source":"revolving_door_lobbying","leftYear":2001,"chamber":"","totalLobbyIncome":0,"clientCount":1,"firmCount":1,"sampleClients":["U.S. GOLDMINING INC."],"sampleFirms":["BLANK ROME GOVERNMENT RELATIONS"],"filings":1,"sourceUrl":"https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Spencer%20Abraham"}],"citations":["https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/v1/filings?search=Spencer%20Abraham","https://lda.senate.gov/system/public/","https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving-door"]},{"id":"P174_A000355","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spencer Abraham has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Spencer Abraham triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000355"]}],"H000840":[{"id":"P98_H000840_2025","pattern_type":"P98_PFD_HIGH_RATE_DEBT","severity":"LOW","headline":"James J. Howard carries 1 high-rate debt entry (≥12% APR) on 2025 PFD — top: 14.76% (5 years) Line of Credit","explanation":"James J. Howard's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure lists 1 personal liability at ≥12% APR — well above mortgage range, indicating credit-card revolving balances, unsecured personal loans, or other high-cost debt. Carrying revolving balances at 12-27% rates means paying thousands to tens of thousands annually in interest, which can constitute a financial-pressure indicator. Investigative journalists treat persistent high-rate debt as one signal of vulnerability to influence (susceptibility to off-the-books cash, sponsored travel \"gifts,\" or quid-pro-quo offers tied to debt relief). All entries: Line of Credit 14.76% (5 years) from SoFi San Francisco, ($$50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_high_rate_debt","year":"2025","count":1,"loans":[{"type":"Line of Credit","rate":"14.76% (5 years)","creditor":"SoFi San Francisco, California","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000"}],"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bfd4a375-4bdc-4862-900b-2dde399925df/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bfd4a375-4bdc-4862-900b-2dde399925df/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P171_H000840_2025","pattern_type":"P171_PFD_NEW_LIABILITY_RECENT","severity":"LOW","headline":"James J. Howard's 2025 PFD lists 1 new creditor not in prior year — top: Other (Secured auto loan) from USAA San Antonio, TX at 6.5% (6 years)","explanation":"James J. Howard's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure (Part 7 — Liabilities) lists 1 creditor not present in their prior (2025) PFD filing. New liabilities indicate (a) recent home purchase / refinance, (b) new line of credit drawn, (c) margin-account expansion against a brokerage position, or (d) personal loan from a non-bank lender. Each new-liability event warrants scrutiny: identify the creditor's industry, compare the loan terms (rate, points, term) against market-rate baselines for similar collateral, and check any policy decisions the senator made affecting the lender's industry around the loan-origination period. New liabilities: Other (Secured auto loan) from USAA San Antonio, TX at 6.5% (6 years) ($50,001 - $100,000).","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_new_liability","priorYear":"2025","latestYear":"2025","count":1,"liabilities":[{"incurred":"2023","type":"Other (Secured auto loan)","rate":"6.5% (6 years)","amount":"$50,001 - $100,000","creditor":"USAA San Antonio, TX"}],"latestUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/63b369b9-bfdb-4414-bdc5-b5bd57606605/","priorUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bfd4a375-4bdc-4862-900b-2dde399925df/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/63b369b9-bfdb-4414-bdc5-b5bd57606605/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bfd4a375-4bdc-4862-900b-2dde399925df/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P173_H000840_2025","pattern_type":"P173_PFD_GIFTS_AND_TRAVEL_BOTH","severity":"LOW","headline":"James J. Howard's 2025 PFD reports 1 gift AND 1 travel reimbursement — multi-vector gift acceptance","explanation":"James J. Howard's 2025 Senate annual financial disclosure reports both gifts (Part 5: 1 entry) and reimbursed travel (Part 6: 1 trip). Multi-vector gift acceptance is structurally distinct from single-vector reports: the senator received both event-tied gifts (sports tickets, jewelry, dinners, lodging stays) AND trip-paid travel from outside sources. Combined gift+travel exposure increases the cumulative gift value the senator has accepted across the year and warrants joint cross-reference: are the gift-givers and travel-sponsors the same network, or distinct? Sample gift: n/a. Sample travel: n/a.","evidence":[{"source":"pfd_gifts_and_travel","year":"2025","giftsCount":1,"travelCount":1,"sourceUrl":"https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bfd4a375-4bdc-4862-900b-2dde399925df/"}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/view/annual/bfd4a375-4bdc-4862-900b-2dde399925df/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/","https://www.ethics.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/gifts"]},{"id":"P174_H000840","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"James J. Howard has clean-baseline profile: 3 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"James J. Howard triggers only 3 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":3,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000840"]},{"id":"P185_H000840","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James J. Howard — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"James J. Howard served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000840","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-j-howard/H000840"]},{"id":"P200_H000840","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James J. Howard — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–100)","explanation":"James J. Howard began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000840","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-j-howard/H000840"]}],"H000213":[{"id":"P105_H000213","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jane Harman named on 3 SEC Schedule 13D/G filings — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"Jane Harman appears as a named filer on 3 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filings (most recent: 2007-04-27, form SC 13D/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":3,"latest":{"fileDate":"2007-04-27","form":"SC 13D/A","displayNames":["HARMAN INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIES INC /DE/  (CIK 0000800459)","HARMAN SIDNEY  (CIK 0000901091)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000800459&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/800459/000095013407009344/0000950134-07-009344-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/800459/000095013407009344/0000950134-07-009344-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000800459&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P138_H000213","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jane Harman draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.8M PAC / $24.6M total)","explanation":"Jane Harman's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.8M of $24.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.58,"pacSharePct":31.6,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H2CA27107"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA27107/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H000213","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jane Harman has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jane Harman triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000213"]}],"R000573":[{"id":"P105_R000573","pattern_type":"P105_SEC_13DG_INSIDER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Ross named on 1 SEC Schedule 13D/G filing — companies: (see EDGAR)","explanation":"Mike Ross appears as a named filer on 1 SEC Schedule 13D or 13G filing (most recent: 2012-01-13, form SC 13G/A). 13D/G filings are mandatory for any person or entity acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 5% of a class of public-company voting equity. Member-level 13D/G appearances are rare — fewer than 15 of 535 members of Congress appear in our SEC EDGAR cross-reference. The filings typically reveal pre-Senate corporate roles, family-trust significant ownership, founder positions, or activist-investor stakes that may not be fully captured by standard PFD asset disclosures alone. Companies referenced: .","evidence":[{"source":"sec_13dg_member","filingCount":1,"latest":{"fileDate":"2012-01-13","form":"SC 13G/A","displayNames":["Ross Mike  (CIK 0001539282)","SUMMIT FINANCIAL GROUP INC  (CIK 0000811808)"]},"companies":[],"edgarUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001539282&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","fullUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1539282/000114036112002523/0001140361-12-002523-index.htm"}],"citations":["https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1539282/000114036112002523/0001140361-12-002523-index.htm","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001539282&type=SC+13&dateb=&owner=include&count=40","https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&type=SC+13"]},{"id":"P174_R000573","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Ross has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mike Ross triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000573"]}],"C000705":[{"id":"P136_C000705","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kent Conrad ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.7M across 21 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Kent Conrad's FEC-bulk record shows $17.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 21 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $31.2M (PAC: $17.7M, individual: $10.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.17,"lifetimeIndividualM":10.15,"cycleCount":21,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6ND00058"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6ND00058/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C000705","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kent Conrad draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.7M PAC / $31.2M total)","explanation":"Kent Conrad's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.7M of $31.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.17,"pacSharePct":56.7,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"S6ND00058"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6ND00058/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000191":[{"id":"P136_D000191","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter A. DeFazio ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.7M across 36 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Peter A. DeFazio's FEC-bulk record shows $17.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 36 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $34.9M (PAC: $17.7M, individual: $16.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.91,"lifetimeIndividualM":16.53,"cycleCount":36,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6OR04047"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OR04047/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_D000191","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Peter A. DeFazio draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.7M PAC / $34.9M total)","explanation":"Peter A. DeFazio's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.7M of $34.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":34.91,"pacSharePct":50.6,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H6OR04047"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OR04047/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_D000191_ConsumerPriceIndexfo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter A. DeFazio sponsored \"Consumer Price Index for Elderly Consumers Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter A. DeFazio has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Consumer Price Index for Elderly Consumers Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_D000191_ChetcoRiverProtectio","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter A. DeFazio sponsored \"Chetco River Protection Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter A. DeFazio has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Chetco River Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_D000191","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter A. DeFazio — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Peter A. DeFazio has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000191","https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-a.-defazio/D000191"]}],"I000055":[{"id":"P136_I000055","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Johnny Isakson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.8M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Johnny Isakson's FEC-bulk record shows $17.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $67.0M (PAC: $17.8M, individual: $41.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":67.02,"lifetimeIndividualM":41.26,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6GA00119"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6GA00119/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_I000055","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Johnny Isakson ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $67M across 18 cycles","explanation":"Johnny Isakson's FEC-bulk record shows $67.0M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":67.02,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6GA00119"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6GA00119/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_I000055","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Johnny Isakson has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Johnny Isakson triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/I000055"]},{"id":"P198_I000055","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Johnny Isakson — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Johnny Isakson has served 6 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":116}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/I000055","https://www.congress.gov/member/johnny-isakson/I000055"]}],"M001142":[{"id":"P136_M001142","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Matheson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $17.9M across 23 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Jim Matheson's FEC-bulk record shows $17.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 23 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $27.1M (PAC: $17.9M, individual: $8.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":17.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":27.11,"lifetimeIndividualM":8.06,"cycleCount":23,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0UT02096"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0UT02096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_M001142","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim Matheson draws 66% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($17.9M PAC / $27.1M total)","explanation":"Jim Matheson's FEC-bulk record shows 66% of lifetime campaign receipts ($17.9M of $27.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":17.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":27.11,"pacSharePct":65.9,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H0UT02096"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0UT02096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_M001142_Torepealtheprovision","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Matheson sponsored \"To repeal the provision of law that provides automatic pay a\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jim Matheson has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To repeal the provision of law that provides automatic pay adjustments for Members of Congress."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_M001142","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Matheson — DW-NOMINATE -0.12 vs UT delegation mean 0.37 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Jim Matheson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.12) is 1.7 standard deviations from the UT delegation mean (0.37). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"UT","memberScore":-0.115,"delegationMean":0.3664545454545454,"zscore":"1.68"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"L000569":[{"id":"P136_L000569","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Blaine Luetkemeyer ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.5M across 19 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Blaine Luetkemeyer's FEC-bulk record shows $18.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $37.1M (PAC: $18.5M, individual: $9.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":37.06,"lifetimeIndividualM":9.59,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8MO09153"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MO09153/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_L000569","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Blaine Luetkemeyer draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($18.5M PAC / $37.1M total)","explanation":"Blaine Luetkemeyer's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($18.5M of $37.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":18.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":37.06,"pacSharePct":49.8,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H8MO09153"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MO09153/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_L000569_ElectronicLifeSafety","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Blaine Luetkemeyer sponsored \"Electronic Life Safety and Security Systems Federal Backgrou\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Blaine Luetkemeyer has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Electronic Life Safety and Security Systems Federal Background Check Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_L000569","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Blaine Luetkemeyer — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Blaine Luetkemeyer has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000569","https://www.congress.gov/member/blaine-luetkemeyer/L000569"]}],"N000181":[{"id":"P136_N000181","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Devin Nunes ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $18.6M across 27 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Devin Nunes's FEC-bulk record shows $18.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 27 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $116.0M (PAC: $18.6M, individual: $88.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":18.55,"lifetimeReceiptsM":115.98,"lifetimeIndividualM":88.09,"cycleCount":27,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8CA20059"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA20059/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_N000181","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Devin Nunes ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $116M across 27 cycles","explanation":"Devin Nunes's FEC-bulk record shows $116.0M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 27 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":115.98,"cycleCount":27,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H8CA20059"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA20059/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_N000181","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Devin Nunes — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Devin Nunes has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000181","https://www.congress.gov/member/devin-nunes/N000181"]}],"P000594":[{"id":"P136_P000594","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Erik Paulsen ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.0M across 13 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Erik Paulsen's FEC-bulk record shows $19.0M in lifetime PAC contributions across 13 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $45.1M (PAC: $19.0M, individual: $25.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.05,"lifetimeReceiptsM":45.12,"lifetimeIndividualM":25.22,"cycleCount":13,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8MN03077"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MN03077/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_P000594","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Erik Paulsen draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.0M PAC / $45.1M total)","explanation":"Erik Paulsen's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.0M of $45.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.05,"lifetimeReceiptsM":45.12,"pacSharePct":42.2,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H8MN03077"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MN03077/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_P000594","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Erik Paulsen has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Erik Paulsen triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000594"]}],"Y000033":[{"id":"P136_Y000033","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Young ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.2M across 44 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Don Young's FEC-bulk record shows $19.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 44 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $48.0M (PAC: $19.2M, individual: $24.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":48.03,"lifetimeIndividualM":24.68,"cycleCount":44,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6AK00045"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AK00045/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_Y000033","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Young draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.2M PAC / $48.0M total)","explanation":"Don Young's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.2M of $48.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":48.03,"pacSharePct":39.9,"cycleCount":44,"fecId":"H6AK00045"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AK00045/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_Y000033","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Young has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Don Young triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/Y000033"]},{"id":"P181_Y000033","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Young — 140 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Don Young sponsored 140 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":140}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_Y000033_AmericanEnergyIndepe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Young sponsored \"American Energy Independence and Price Reduction Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Don Young has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"American Energy Independence and Price Reduction Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_Y000033_RestorationoftheUSRu","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Young sponsored \"Restoration of the U.S.-Russia Polar Bear Conservation Fund \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Don Young has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Restoration of the U.S.-Russia Polar Bear Conservation Fund Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_Y000033_AlaskaNativeTribalHe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Young sponsored \"Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Land Transfer Act of \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Don Young has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Land Transfer Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_Y000033_ToamendtheOmnibusBud","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Don Young sponsored \"To amend the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 to re\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Don Young has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To amend the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 to require the Bureau of Land Management to provide a claimant of a small miner waiver from claim maintenance fees with a period of 60 days after written receipt of 1 or more defects is provided to the claimant by registered mail to cure the 1 or more defects or pay the claim maintenance fee, and for other purposes."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_Y000033","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Young — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Don Young has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000033","https://www.congress.gov/member/don-young/Y000033"]}],"C000266":[{"id":"P136_C000266","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Chabot ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.6M across 34 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Steve Chabot's FEC-bulk record shows $19.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 34 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $46.6M (PAC: $19.6M, individual: $24.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.63,"lifetimeIndividualM":24.68,"cycleCount":34,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8OH01043"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH01043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C000266","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Chabot draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.6M PAC / $46.6M total)","explanation":"Steve Chabot's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.6M of $46.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.63,"pacSharePct":42,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H8OH01043"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH01043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_C000266","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Chabot has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve Chabot triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000266"]},{"id":"P178_C000266_2015-05-26","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Chabot — 15 trades on 2015-05-26","explanation":"Steve Chabot disclosed 15 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2015-05-26). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2015-05-26","count":15}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_C000266","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Chabot — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Steve Chabot has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000266","https://www.congress.gov/member/steve-chabot/C000266"]}],"L000035":[{"id":"P136_L000035","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Blanche L. Lincoln ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $19.6M across 11 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Blanche L. Lincoln's FEC-bulk record shows $19.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 11 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $44.3M (PAC: $19.6M, individual: $23.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":19.62,"lifetimeReceiptsM":44.29,"lifetimeIndividualM":23.01,"cycleCount":11,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S8AR00112"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8AR00112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_L000035","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Blanche L. Lincoln draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($19.6M PAC / $44.3M total)","explanation":"Blanche L. Lincoln's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($19.6M of $44.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":19.62,"lifetimeReceiptsM":44.29,"pacSharePct":44.3,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"S8AR00112"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8AR00112/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000035","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Blanche L. Lincoln has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Blanche L. Lincoln triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000035"]},{"id":"P181_L000035","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Blanche L. Lincoln — 81 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Blanche L. Lincoln sponsored 81 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":81}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"P000422":[{"id":"P136_P000422","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Earl Pomeroy ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.2M across 21 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Earl Pomeroy's FEC-bulk record shows $20.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 21 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $29.1M (PAC: $20.2M, individual: $8.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.05,"lifetimeIndividualM":7.99,"cycleCount":21,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2ND00057"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2ND00057/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_P000422","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Earl Pomeroy draws 70% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($20.2M PAC / $29.1M total)","explanation":"Earl Pomeroy's FEC-bulk record shows 70% of lifetime campaign receipts ($20.2M of $29.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":20.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.05,"pacSharePct":69.7,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H2ND00057"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2ND00057/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"N000032":[{"id":"P136_N000032","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Nelson ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $20.6M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Bill Nelson's FEC-bulk record shows $20.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $152.9M (PAC: $20.6M, individual: $117.4M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":20.59,"lifetimeReceiptsM":152.88,"lifetimeIndividualM":117.44,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S8FL00166"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8FL00166/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_N000032","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bill Nelson ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $153M across 16 cycles","explanation":"Bill Nelson's FEC-bulk record shows $152.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":152.88,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8FL00166"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8FL00166/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_N000032","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bill Nelson — 108 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Bill Nelson sponsored 108 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":108}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S000709":[{"id":"P136_S000709","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Arlen Specter ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $22.8M across 24 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Arlen Specter's FEC-bulk record shows $22.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 24 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $124.4M (PAC: $22.8M, individual: $83.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":22.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":124.41,"lifetimeIndividualM":83.57,"cycleCount":24,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6PA00100"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6PA00100/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_S000709","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Arlen Specter ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $124M across 24 cycles","explanation":"Arlen Specter's FEC-bulk record shows $124.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 24 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":124.41,"cycleCount":24,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6PA00100"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6PA00100/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_S000709","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Arlen Specter — 134 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Arlen Specter sponsored 134 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":134}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"T000464":[{"id":"P136_T000464","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jon Tester ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $22.9M across 15 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Jon Tester's FEC-bulk record shows $22.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $276.8M (PAC: $22.9M, individual: $230.2M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":22.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":276.81,"lifetimeIndividualM":230.22,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6MT00162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6MT00162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_T000464","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jon Tester ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $277M across 15 cycles","explanation":"Jon Tester's FEC-bulk record shows $276.8M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":276.81,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6MT00162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6MT00162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_T000464","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Tester — 93 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Jon Tester sponsored 93 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":93}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_T000464","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jon Tester — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Jon Tester has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000464","https://www.congress.gov/member/jon-tester/T000464"]}],"C001038":[{"id":"P136_C001038","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joseph Crowley ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.0M across 23 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Joseph Crowley's FEC-bulk record shows $24.0M in lifetime PAC contributions across 23 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $43.9M (PAC: $24.0M, individual: $14.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.9,"lifetimeIndividualM":14.55,"cycleCount":23,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8NY07046"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY07046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_C001038","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joseph Crowley draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.0M PAC / $43.9M total)","explanation":"Joseph Crowley's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.0M of $43.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.03,"lifetimeReceiptsM":43.9,"pacSharePct":54.7,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H8NY07046"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NY07046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_C001038_ResidentPhysicianSho","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joseph Crowley sponsored \"Resident Physician Shortage Reduction Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Joseph Crowley has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Resident Physician Shortage Reduction Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001187":[{"id":"P136_S001187","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Stivers ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.1M across 18 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Steve Stivers's FEC-bulk record shows $24.1M in lifetime PAC contributions across 18 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $44.4M (PAC: $24.1M, individual: $18.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.07,"lifetimeReceiptsM":44.35,"lifetimeIndividualM":18.7,"cycleCount":18,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H8OH15076"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH15076/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S001187","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Stivers draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.1M PAC / $44.4M total)","explanation":"Steve Stivers's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.1M of $44.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.07,"lifetimeReceiptsM":44.35,"pacSharePct":54.3,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H8OH15076"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH15076/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_S001187","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Stivers — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Steve Stivers has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001187","https://www.congress.gov/member/steve-stivers/S001187"]}],"L000550":[{"id":"P136_L000550","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mary L. Landrieu ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.1M across 15 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Mary L. Landrieu's FEC-bulk record shows $24.1M in lifetime PAC contributions across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $89.3M (PAC: $24.1M, individual: $55.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":89.32,"lifetimeIndividualM":55.88,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6LA00227"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6LA00227/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_L000550","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mary L. Landrieu ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $89M across 15 cycles","explanation":"Mary L. Landrieu's FEC-bulk record shows $89.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":89.32,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6LA00227"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6LA00227/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000550","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mary L. Landrieu has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mary L. Landrieu triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000550"]},{"id":"P181_L000550","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mary L. Landrieu — 147 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Mary L. Landrieu sponsored 147 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":147}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"D000619":[{"id":"P136_D000619","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rodney Davis ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.2M across 14 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Rodney Davis's FEC-bulk record shows $24.2M in lifetime PAC contributions across 14 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $40.4M (PAC: $24.2M, individual: $14.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.18,"lifetimeReceiptsM":40.38,"lifetimeIndividualM":14.9,"cycleCount":14,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2IL13120"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL13120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_D000619","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rodney Davis draws 60% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.2M PAC / $40.4M total)","explanation":"Rodney Davis's FEC-bulk record shows 60% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.2M of $40.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.18,"lifetimeReceiptsM":40.38,"pacSharePct":59.9,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2IL13120"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL13120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001070":[{"id":"P136_C001070","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert P. Casey ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.3M across 15 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Robert P. Casey's FEC-bulk record shows $24.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $238.3M (PAC: $24.3M, individual: $182.1M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":238.26,"lifetimeIndividualM":182.06,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S6PA00217"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6PA00217/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_C001070","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert P. Casey ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $238M across 15 cycles","explanation":"Robert P. Casey's FEC-bulk record shows $238.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":238.26,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6PA00217"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6PA00217/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_C001070","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert P. Casey — 356 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Robert P. Casey sponsored 356 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":356}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_C001070","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert P. Casey — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Robert P. Casey has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C001070","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-p.-casey/C001070"]}],"B000213":[{"id":"P136_B000213","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joe Barton ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $24.3M across 37 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Joe Barton's FEC-bulk record shows $24.3M in lifetime PAC contributions across 37 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $47.0M (PAC: $24.3M, individual: $17.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":24.33,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.98,"lifetimeIndividualM":17.51,"cycleCount":37,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H4TX06117"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX06117/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_B000213","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joe Barton draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($24.3M PAC / $47.0M total)","explanation":"Joe Barton's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($24.3M of $47.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":24.33,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.98,"pacSharePct":51.8,"cycleCount":37,"fecId":"H4TX06117"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX06117/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000188":[{"id":"P136_K000188","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Kind ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $25.4M across 29 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Ron Kind's FEC-bulk record shows $25.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 29 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $39.2M (PAC: $25.4M, individual: $12.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":25.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":39.19,"lifetimeIndividualM":12.69,"cycleCount":29,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6WI03099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WI03099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_K000188","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ron Kind draws 65% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($25.4M PAC / $39.2M total)","explanation":"Ron Kind's FEC-bulk record shows 65% of lifetime campaign receipts ($25.4M of $39.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":25.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":39.19,"pacSharePct":64.8,"cycleCount":29,"fecId":"H6WI03099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WI03099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_K000188_FederalLandAssetInve","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Kind sponsored \"Federal Land Asset Inventory Reform Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ron Kind has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Federal Land Asset Inventory Reform Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000188_ToreauthorizetheNeot","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ron Kind sponsored \"To reauthorize the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation A\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ron Kind has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To reauthorize the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_K000188","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Kind — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Ron Kind has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000188","https://www.congress.gov/member/ron-kind/K000188"]}],"C001046":[{"id":"P136_C001046","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Eric Cantor ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $26.9M across 16 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Eric Cantor's FEC-bulk record shows $26.9M in lifetime PAC contributions across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $64.7M (PAC: $26.9M, individual: $30.5M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":26.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":64.74,"lifetimeIndividualM":30.5,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0VA07042"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0VA07042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_C001046","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eric Cantor ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $65M across 16 cycles","explanation":"Eric Cantor's FEC-bulk record shows $64.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":64.74,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H0VA07042"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0VA07042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_C001046","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Eric Cantor draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($26.9M PAC / $64.7M total)","explanation":"Eric Cantor's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($26.9M of $64.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":26.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":64.74,"pacSharePct":41.5,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0VA07042"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0VA07042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P178_C001046_2014-01-16","pattern_type":"P178_TRADE_BURST_DAY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eric Cantor — 10 trades on 2014-01-16","explanation":"Eric Cantor disclosed 10 stock transactions on a single calendar day (2014-01-16). Concentrated same-day trading clusters frequently coincide with newsworthy market events, sector rotations, or portfolio rebalances triggered by non-public information. Investigate the day's news cycle and the member's committee activity that week.","evidence":[{"source":"trade_burst_day","date":"2014-01-16","count":10}],"citations":["https://efdsearch.senate.gov/","https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/"]}],"S000364":[{"id":"P136_S000364","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Shimkus ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $27.5M across 32 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"John Shimkus's FEC-bulk record shows $27.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 32 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $39.6M (PAC: $27.5M, individual: $10.9M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":27.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":39.6,"lifetimeIndividualM":10.88,"cycleCount":32,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H2IL20042"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL20042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_S000364","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Shimkus draws 69% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($27.5M PAC / $39.6M total)","explanation":"John Shimkus's FEC-bulk record shows 69% of lifetime campaign receipts ($27.5M of $39.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":27.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":39.6,"pacSharePct":69.5,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H2IL20042"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IL20042/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_S000364","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Shimkus — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"John Shimkus has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":116}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000364","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-shimkus/S000364"]}],"W000791":[{"id":"P136_W000791","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Walden ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $27.7M across 28 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Greg Walden's FEC-bulk record shows $27.7M in lifetime PAC contributions across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $50.4M (PAC: $27.7M, individual: $20.6M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":27.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.38,"lifetimeIndividualM":20.64,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6OR02116"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OR02116/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_W000791","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Greg Walden draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($27.7M PAC / $50.4M total)","explanation":"Greg Walden's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($27.7M of $50.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":27.65,"lifetimeReceiptsM":50.38,"pacSharePct":54.9,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H6OR02116"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OR02116/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_W000791","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Greg Walden — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Greg Walden has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":116}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000791","https://www.congress.gov/member/greg-walden/W000791"]}],"B000243":[{"id":"P136_B000243","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Max Baucus ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $28.1M across 28 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Max Baucus's FEC-bulk record shows $28.1M in lifetime PAC contributions across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $65.4M (PAC: $28.1M, individual: $32.3M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":28.11,"lifetimeReceiptsM":65.42,"lifetimeIndividualM":32.29,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"S8MT00010"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MT00010/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_B000243","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Max Baucus ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $65M across 28 cycles","explanation":"Max Baucus's FEC-bulk record shows $65.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 28 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":65.42,"cycleCount":28,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8MT00010"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MT00010/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P138_B000243","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Max Baucus draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($28.1M PAC / $65.4M total)","explanation":"Max Baucus's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($28.1M of $65.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":28.11,"lifetimeReceiptsM":65.42,"pacSharePct":43,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"S8MT00010"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8MT00010/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_B000243","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Max Baucus — 121 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Max Baucus sponsored 121 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":121}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"T000462":[{"id":"P136_T000462","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick J. Tiberi ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $28.6M across 24 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Patrick J. Tiberi's FEC-bulk record shows $28.6M in lifetime PAC contributions across 24 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $52.7M (PAC: $28.6M, individual: $21.7M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":28.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.75,"lifetimeIndividualM":21.68,"cycleCount":24,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H0OH12062"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0OH12062/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_T000462","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Patrick J. Tiberi draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($28.6M PAC / $52.7M total)","explanation":"Patrick J. Tiberi's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($28.6M of $52.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":28.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":52.75,"pacSharePct":54.2,"cycleCount":24,"fecId":"H0OH12062"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0OH12062/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000755":[{"id":"P136_B000755","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Brady ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $29.5M across 29 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Kevin Brady's FEC-bulk record shows $29.5M in lifetime PAC contributions across 29 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $46.6M (PAC: $29.5M, individual: $12.4M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":29.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.56,"lifetimeIndividualM":12.44,"cycleCount":29,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6TX08100"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX08100/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_B000755","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin Brady draws 63% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($29.5M PAC / $46.6M total)","explanation":"Kevin Brady's FEC-bulk record shows 63% of lifetime campaign receipts ($29.5M of $46.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":29.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":46.56,"pacSharePct":63.3,"cycleCount":29,"fecId":"H6TX08100"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX08100/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_B000755","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin Brady — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Kevin Brady has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000755","https://www.congress.gov/member/kevin-brady/B000755"]}],"M001165":[{"id":"P136_M001165","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin McCarthy ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $33.4M across 21 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Kevin McCarthy's FEC-bulk record shows $33.4M in lifetime PAC contributions across 21 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $207.5M (PAC: $33.4M, individual: $118.4M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":33.38,"lifetimeReceiptsM":207.48,"lifetimeIndividualM":118.43,"cycleCount":21,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6CA22125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA22125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P137_M001165","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kevin McCarthy ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $207M across 21 cycles","explanation":"Kevin McCarthy's FEC-bulk record shows $207.5M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 21 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":207.48,"cycleCount":21,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"H6CA22125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA22125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_M001165","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kevin McCarthy — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Kevin McCarthy has served 8 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001165","https://www.congress.gov/member/kevin-mccarthy/M001165"]}],"U000031":[{"id":"P136_U000031","pattern_type":"P136_LIFETIME_PAC_CONTRIBS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Fred Upton ranks top-decile for lifetime PAC contributions: $34.8M across 38 cycles (≥$18M threshold)","explanation":"Fred Upton's FEC-bulk record shows $34.8M in lifetime PAC contributions across 38 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $17.6M). Combined lifetime receipts: $61.7M (PAC: $34.8M, individual: $23.0M). High lifetime PAC dependency signals deep institutional-money relationships across many cycles — long-tenured members or aggressive fundraisers accumulate the highest PAC totals. Cross-reference with committee assignments to reveal which industries' PACs have invested most heavily in the member's career, then check those industries' policy victories during the member's tenure.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_pac_top_decile","lifetimePACM":34.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":61.68,"lifetimeIndividualM":23.01,"cycleCount":38,"p90ThresholdM":17.62,"fecId":"H6MI04113"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MI04113/","https://www.fec.gov/data/","https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/"]},{"id":"P138_U000031","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Fred Upton draws 56% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($34.8M PAC / $61.7M total)","explanation":"Fred Upton's FEC-bulk record shows 56% of lifetime campaign receipts ($34.8M of $61.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":34.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":61.68,"pacSharePct":56.5,"cycleCount":38,"fecId":"H6MI04113"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MI04113/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_U000031_ForthereliefofIbrahi","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Fred Upton sponsored \"For the relief of Ibrahim Parlak.\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Fred Upton has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Ibrahim Parlak."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_U000031","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Fred Upton — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Fred Upton has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/U000031","https://www.congress.gov/member/fred-upton/U000031"]}],"H001016":[{"id":"P137_H001016","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Kay Bailey Hutchison ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $66M across 16 cycles","explanation":"Kay Bailey Hutchison's FEC-bulk record shows $66.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 16 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":66.22,"cycleCount":16,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4TX00086"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4TX00086/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001016","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kay Bailey Hutchison has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Kay Bailey Hutchison triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001016"]},{"id":"P181_H001016","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kay Bailey Hutchison — 81 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Kay Bailey Hutchison sponsored 81 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":81}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000304":[{"id":"P137_L000304","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joseph I. Lieberman ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $67M across 19 cycles","explanation":"Joseph I. Lieberman's FEC-bulk record shows $66.9M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":66.9,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8CT00022"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8CT00022/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000304","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph I. Lieberman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Joseph I. Lieberman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000304"]},{"id":"P181_L000304","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joseph I. Lieberman — 123 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Joseph I. Lieberman sponsored 123 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":123}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"H000206":[{"id":"P137_H000206","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Harkin ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $70M across 26 cycles","explanation":"Tom Harkin's FEC-bulk record shows $70.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 26 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":70.34,"cycleCount":26,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4IA00020"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4IA00020/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H000206","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Harkin has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tom Harkin triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000206"]},{"id":"P181_H000206","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Harkin — 107 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Tom Harkin sponsored 107 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":107}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_H000206","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Harkin — DW-NOMINATE -0.35 vs IA delegation mean 0.16 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Tom Harkin's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.35) is 1.6 standard deviations from the IA delegation mean (0.16). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IA","memberScore":-0.351,"delegationMean":0.1583,"zscore":"1.59"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M001207":[{"id":"P137_M001207","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Debbie Mucarsel-Powell ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $73M across 2 cycles","explanation":"Debbie Mucarsel-Powell's FEC-bulk record shows $73.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 2 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":73.23,"cycleCount":2,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4FL00611"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4FL00611/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001207","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Debbie Mucarsel-Powell has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Debbie Mucarsel-Powell triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001207"]}],"H001069":[{"id":"P137_H001069","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Heidi Heitkamp ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $75M across 8 cycles","explanation":"Heidi Heitkamp's FEC-bulk record shows $74.7M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 8 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":74.74,"cycleCount":8,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2ND00099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2ND00099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001069","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Heidi Heitkamp has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Heidi Heitkamp triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001069"]}],"L000123":[{"id":"P137_L000123","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank R. Lautenberg ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $76M across 30 cycles","explanation":"Frank R. Lautenberg's FEC-bulk record shows $76.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 30 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":76.26,"cycleCount":30,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S2NJ00080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2NJ00080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000123","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank R. Lautenberg has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank R. Lautenberg triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000123"]},{"id":"P181_L000123","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank R. Lautenberg — 136 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Frank R. Lautenberg sponsored 136 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":136}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M000303":[{"id":"P137_M000303","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John McCain ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $98M across 21 cycles","explanation":"John McCain's FEC-bulk record shows $98.3M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 21 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":98.33,"cycleCount":21,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6AZ00019"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6AZ00019/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M000303","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John McCain has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John McCain triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000303"]}],"M000639":[{"id":"P137_M000639","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Menendez ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $106M across 15 cycles","explanation":"Robert Menendez's FEC-bulk record shows $105.6M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 15 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":105.56,"cycleCount":15,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6NJ00289"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NJ00289/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_M000639","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert Menendez — 325 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Robert Menendez sponsored 325 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":325}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_M000639","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Menendez — long-tenure veteran (8 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Robert Menendez has served 8 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":8,"lastCongress":118}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000639","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-menendez/M000639"]}],"F000061":[{"id":"P137_F000061","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Russell D. Feingold ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $128M across 19 cycles","explanation":"Russell D. Feingold's FEC-bulk record shows $128.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 19 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":128.19,"cycleCount":19,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S8WI00026"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8WI00026/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_F000061","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Russell D. Feingold — 91 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Russell D. Feingold sponsored 91 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":91}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"K000148":[{"id":"P137_K000148","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John F. Kerry ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $141M across 23 cycles","explanation":"John F. Kerry's FEC-bulk record shows $141.4M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 23 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":141.43,"cycleCount":23,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S4MA00069"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4MA00069/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_K000148","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John F. Kerry — 241 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"John F. Kerry sponsored 241 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":241}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001170":[{"id":"P137_M001170","pattern_type":"P137_LIFETIME_RECEIPTS_TOP_DECILE","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Claire McCaskill ranks top-decile for lifetime campaign receipts: $146M across 10 cycles","explanation":"Claire McCaskill's FEC-bulk record shows $146.2M in total lifetime campaign receipts across 10 election cycles, placing them in the top decile of all members in our FEC cross-reference (90th-percentile threshold: $63M). High-receipt members are typically those who hold leadership positions (Senate Majority Leader, Whip, party committee chair) or face competitive races requiring massive fundraising. Their donor networks are the most diverse and politically-connected — often including major industry PACs, ideologically-aligned super-PACs, and out-of-state donor coalitions. The lifetime receipts figure understates total spent on the member's behalf because it excludes outside-money channels (electioneering, IE, comm-cost) which are tracked separately by P57-P59.","evidence":[{"source":"lifetime_receipts_top_decile","lifetimeReceiptsM":146.25,"cycleCount":10,"p90ThresholdM":63.2,"fecId":"S6MO00305"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6MO00305/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P140_M001170","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Claire McCaskill disclosed 1 large-bracket trade (≥$100K each, 1 ≥$250K) — recent: BUY BRK.B $1,000,001 - $5,000,000","explanation":"Claire McCaskill has filed 1 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 1 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: BUY BRK.B $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 on 2018-11-07.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":1,"veryHighCount":1,"lowerBoundSum":1000001,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"BRK.B","action":"BUY","date":"2018-11-07","amount":"$1,000,001 - $5,000,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]}],"G000586":[{"id":"P138_G000586","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jesús “Chuy” García draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.5M PAC / $7.8M total)","explanation":"Jesús “Chuy” García's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.5M of $7.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.48,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.78,"pacSharePct":44.8,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8IL04134"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL04134/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000586","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jesús “Chuy” García has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jesús “Chuy” García triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000586"]}],"K000400":[{"id":"P138_K000400","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sydney Kamlager-Dove draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.5M PAC / $5.8M total)","explanation":"Sydney Kamlager-Dove's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.5M of $5.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.81,"pacSharePct":43.4,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H2CA37304"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA37304/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000400","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sydney Kamlager-Dove has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sydney Kamlager-Dove triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000400"]}],"C000243":[{"id":"P138_C000243","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael N. Castle draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.8M PAC / $15.7M total)","explanation":"Michael N. Castle's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.8M of $15.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.78,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.67,"pacSharePct":36.9,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H2DE00072"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2DE00072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_C000243","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael N. Castle has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Michael N. Castle triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C000243"]},{"id":"P195_C000243","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael N. Castle — DW-NOMINATE 0.23 vs DE delegation mean -0.17 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Michael N. Castle's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.23) is 1.7 standard deviations from the DE delegation mean (-0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"DE","memberScore":0.229,"delegationMean":-0.17,"zscore":"1.71"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"F000116":[{"id":"P138_F000116","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Filner draws 45% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.4M PAC / $18.6M total)","explanation":"Bob Filner's FEC-bulk record shows 45% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.4M of $18.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.62,"pacSharePct":45,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H2CA50034"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA50034/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_F000116","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Filner — 140 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Bob Filner sponsored 140 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":140}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"D000299":[{"id":"P138_D000299","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lincoln Diaz-Balart draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.7M PAC / $13.1M total)","explanation":"Lincoln Diaz-Balart's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.7M of $13.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.13,"pacSharePct":35.8,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H2FL19037"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL19037/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_D000299","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lincoln Diaz-Balart has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lincoln Diaz-Balart triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000299"]}],"S000749":[{"id":"P138_S000749","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John M. Spratt draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.7M PAC / $22.1M total)","explanation":"John M. Spratt's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.7M of $22.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.68,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.05,"pacSharePct":57.5,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H2SC05052"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2SC05052/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_S000749","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John M. Spratt — DW-NOMINATE -0.26 vs SC delegation mean 0.38 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"John M. Spratt's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.26) is 1.7 standard deviations from the SC delegation mean (0.38). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"SC","memberScore":-0.256,"delegationMean":0.37596153846153846,"zscore":"1.69"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B000420":[{"id":"P138_B000420","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marion Berry draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.8M PAC / $15.7M total)","explanation":"Marion Berry's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.8M of $15.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.66,"pacSharePct":49.6,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H6AR01072"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AR01072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"O000085":[{"id":"P138_O000085","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John W. Olver draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.0M PAC / $15.9M total)","explanation":"John W. Olver's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.0M of $15.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.97,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.93,"pacSharePct":43.7,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H2MA01020"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MA01020/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_O000085","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Olver has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John W. Olver triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/O000085"]}],"S001175":[{"id":"P138_S001175","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jackie Speier draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $15.5M total)","explanation":"Jackie Speier's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $15.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.19,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.5,"pacSharePct":33.5,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H8CA12171"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA12171/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S001175","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jackie Speier has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jackie Speier triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001175"]},{"id":"P182_S001175_BuffaloSoldiersinthe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jackie Speier sponsored \"Buffalo Soldiers in the National Parks Study Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jackie Speier has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Buffalo Soldiers in the National Parks Study Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_S001175","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jackie Speier — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Jackie Speier has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001175","https://www.congress.gov/member/jackie-speier/S001175"]}],"S001165":[{"id":"P138_S001165","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Albio Sires draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.4M PAC / $13.6M total)","explanation":"Albio Sires's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.4M of $13.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.6,"pacSharePct":39.6,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H6NJ13191"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NJ13191/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S001165","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Albio Sires has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Albio Sires triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001165"]},{"id":"P182_S001165_21stCenturyGlobalHea","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Albio Sires sponsored \"21st Century Global Health Technology Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Albio Sires has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"21st Century Global Health Technology Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001166":[{"id":"P138_M001166","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry McNerney draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.5M PAC / $33.8M total)","explanation":"Jerry McNerney's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.5M of $33.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.49,"lifetimeReceiptsM":33.78,"pacSharePct":31.1,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H4CA11081"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA11081/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001166","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry McNerney has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jerry McNerney triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001166"]},{"id":"P198_M001166","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry McNerney — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Jerry McNerney has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001166","https://www.congress.gov/member/jerry-mcnerney/M001166"]}],"R000486":[{"id":"P138_R000486","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lucille Roybal-Allard draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.2M PAC / $14.1M total)","explanation":"Lucille Roybal-Allard's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.2M of $14.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.13,"pacSharePct":58.1,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H2CA33048"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA33048/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_R000486_ImmigrationOversight","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lucille Roybal-Allard sponsored \"Immigration Oversight and Fairness Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Lucille Roybal-Allard has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Immigration Oversight and Fairness Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_R000486_ForthereliefofMariaE","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lucille Roybal-Allard sponsored \"For the relief of Maria Eva Duran, Jessica Duran Cortes, Dan\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Lucille Roybal-Allard has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Maria Eva Duran, Jessica Duran Cortes, Daniel Ivan Duran Cortes, and Jose Antonio Duran Cortes."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"F000455":[{"id":"P138_F000455","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Marcia L. Fudge draws 77% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.5M PAC / $9.7M total)","explanation":"Marcia L. Fudge's FEC-bulk record shows 77% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.5M of $9.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.47,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.68,"pacSharePct":77.2,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H8OH11141"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8OH11141/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_F000455_HonorableStephanieTu","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Marcia L. Fudge sponsored \"Honorable Stephanie Tubbs Jones College Fire Prevention Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Marcia L. Fudge has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Honorable Stephanie Tubbs Jones College Fire Prevention Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_F000455","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marcia L. Fudge — DW-NOMINATE -0.58 vs OH delegation mean 0.08 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Marcia L. Fudge's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.58) is 1.7 standard deviations from the OH delegation mean (0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OH","memberScore":-0.581,"delegationMean":0.08442465753424659,"zscore":"1.71"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"F000449":[{"id":"P138_F000449","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Fortenberry draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $18.0M total)","explanation":"Jeff Fortenberry's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $18.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.1,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.99,"pacSharePct":39.4,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H4NE01064"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NE01064/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_F000449","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Fortenberry has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jeff Fortenberry triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000449"]},{"id":"P182_F000449_RuralHousingPreserva","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Fortenberry sponsored \"Rural Housing Preservation Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jeff Fortenberry has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Rural Housing Preservation Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_F000449","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Fortenberry — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Jeff Fortenberry has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000449","https://www.congress.gov/member/jeff-fortenberry/F000449"]}],"H000324":[{"id":"P138_H000324","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alcee L. Hastings draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.2M PAC / $16.7M total)","explanation":"Alcee L. Hastings's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.2M of $16.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.71,"pacSharePct":43.3,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H2FL23021"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL23021/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H000324","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alcee L. Hastings has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Alcee L. Hastings triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H000324"]},{"id":"P181_H000324","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alcee L. Hastings — 120 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Alcee L. Hastings sponsored 120 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":120}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H000324_VeteransPensionsProt","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alcee L. Hastings sponsored \"Veterans Pensions Protection Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Alcee L. Hastings has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Veterans Pensions Protection Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H000324_LenaHorneRecognition","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alcee L. Hastings sponsored \"Lena Horne Recognition Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Alcee L. Hastings has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Lena Horne Recognition Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_H000324","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alcee L. Hastings — DW-NOMINATE -0.56 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Alcee L. Hastings's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.56) is 1.9 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.564,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.88"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C001081":[{"id":"P138_C001081","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Mark S. Critz draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.8M PAC / $10.4M total)","explanation":"Mark S. Critz's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.8M of $10.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.41,"pacSharePct":46.1,"cycleCount":6,"fecId":"H0PA12132"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0PA12132/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001120":[{"id":"P138_M001120","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John P. Murtha draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.7M PAC / $36.9M total)","explanation":"John P. Murtha's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.7M of $36.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.91,"pacSharePct":39.7,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H6PA12030"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA12030/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001120","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John P. Murtha has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John P. Murtha triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001120"]}],"T000057":[{"id":"P138_T000057","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ellen O. Tauscher draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.2M PAC / $19.1M total)","explanation":"Ellen O. Tauscher's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.2M of $19.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.13,"pacSharePct":43,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H6CA10088"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6CA10088/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_T000057","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ellen O. Tauscher has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ellen O. Tauscher triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000057"]}],"M000472":[{"id":"P138_M000472","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John M. McHugh draws 67% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.4M PAC / $6.5M total)","explanation":"John M. McHugh's FEC-bulk record shows 67% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.4M of $6.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.38,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.51,"pacSharePct":67.4,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H2NY24036"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY24036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000365":[{"id":"P138_K000365","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Kagen draws 30% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.5M PAC / $15.0M total)","explanation":"Steve Kagen's FEC-bulk record shows 30% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.5M of $15.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.55,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.03,"pacSharePct":30.2,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H6WI08122"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WI08122/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000365","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Kagen has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve Kagen triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000365"]}],"A000362":[{"id":"P138_A000362","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jason Altmire draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.9M PAC / $16.5M total)","explanation":"Jason Altmire's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.9M of $16.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.46,"pacSharePct":48.2,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H6PA04110"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA04110/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001173":[{"id":"P138_S001173","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Zachary T. Space draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.4M PAC / $13.3M total)","explanation":"Zachary T. Space's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.4M of $13.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.37,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.27,"pacSharePct":48,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H6OH18157"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OH18157/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001174":[{"id":"P138_S001174","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Betty Sutton draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.9M PAC / $12.8M total)","explanation":"Betty Sutton's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.9M of $12.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.81,"pacSharePct":46,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H6OH13133"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6OH13133/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"A000363":[{"id":"P138_A000363","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael A. Arcuri draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.7M PAC / $11.4M total)","explanation":"Michael A. Arcuri's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.7M of $11.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.42,"pacSharePct":49.5,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H6NY24128"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY24128/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001170":[{"id":"P138_S001170","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carol Shea-Porter draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.6M PAC / $17.6M total)","explanation":"Carol Shea-Porter's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.6M of $17.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.61,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.59,"pacSharePct":31.9,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H6NH01230"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NH01230/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S001170","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carol Shea-Porter has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Carol Shea-Porter triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001170"]}],"W000799":[{"id":"P138_W000799","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Timothy J. Walz draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.8M PAC / $23.1M total)","explanation":"Timothy J. Walz's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.8M of $23.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.79,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.12,"pacSharePct":38,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H6MN01174"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MN01174/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_W000799","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy J. Walz has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Timothy J. Walz triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000799"]}],"E000289":[{"id":"P138_E000289","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Brad Ellsworth draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.5M PAC / $6.7M total)","explanation":"Brad Ellsworth's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.5M of $6.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.49,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.68,"pacSharePct":52.2,"cycleCount":4,"fecId":"H6IN08210"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IN08210/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"H001040":[{"id":"P138_H001040","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Phil Hare draws 62% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.8M PAC / $6.3M total)","explanation":"Phil Hare's FEC-bulk record shows 62% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.8M of $6.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.85,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.25,"pacSharePct":61.5,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H6IL17155"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IL17155/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000565":[{"id":"P138_L000565","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"David Loebsack draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.7M PAC / $19.3M total)","explanation":"David Loebsack's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.7M of $19.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.66,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.34,"pacSharePct":55.1,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H6IA02146"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IA02146/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000554":[{"id":"P138_G000554","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gabrielle Giffords draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.5M PAC / $20.8M total)","explanation":"Gabrielle Giffords's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.5M of $20.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.83,"pacSharePct":31.2,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H6AZ08038"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AZ08038/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000554","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gabrielle Giffords has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Gabrielle Giffords triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000554"]}],"M001167":[{"id":"P138_M001167","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harry E. Mitchell draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.1M PAC / $13.1M total)","explanation":"Harry E. Mitchell's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.1M of $13.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.14,"pacSharePct":31.5,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H6AZ05067"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AZ05067/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001167","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harry E. Mitchell has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Harry E. Mitchell triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001167"]}],"N000183":[{"id":"P138_N000183","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn C. Nye draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.6M PAC / $7.3M total)","explanation":"Glenn C. Nye's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.6M of $7.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.63,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.26,"pacSharePct":36.2,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8VA02046"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8VA02046/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_N000183","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn C. Nye has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Glenn C. Nye triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/N000183"]}],"C001076":[{"id":"P138_C001076","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jason Chaffetz draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.7M PAC / $8.6M total)","explanation":"Jason Chaffetz's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.7M of $8.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.7,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.56,"pacSharePct":54.9,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H8UT03089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8UT03089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_C001076_StopWastingArchiveGr","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jason Chaffetz sponsored \"Stop Wasting Archive Grants Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jason Chaffetz has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Stop Wasting Archive Grants Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001076_SouthUtahValleyElect","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jason Chaffetz sponsored \"South Utah Valley Electric Conveyance Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jason Chaffetz has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"South Utah Valley Electric Conveyance Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"O000168":[{"id":"P138_O000168","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Pete Olson draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.5M PAC / $20.8M total)","explanation":"Pete Olson's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.5M of $20.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.52,"lifetimeReceiptsM":20.77,"pacSharePct":45.8,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H8TX22107"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8TX22107/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000608":[{"id":"P138_D000608","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kathleen A. Dahlkemper draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.2M PAC / $6.7M total)","explanation":"Kathleen A. Dahlkemper's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.2M of $6.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.18,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.69,"pacSharePct":47.5,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8PA03084"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8PA03084/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001171":[{"id":"P138_M001171","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Daniel B. Maffei draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.4M PAC / $22.5M total)","explanation":"Daniel B. Maffei's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.4M of $22.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.52,"pacSharePct":41.7,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H6NY25125"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NY25125/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001171","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel B. Maffei has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Daniel B. Maffei triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001171"]}],"L000567":[{"id":"P138_L000567","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Leonard Lance draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.5M PAC / $18.4M total)","explanation":"Leonard Lance's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.5M of $18.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.53,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.41,"pacSharePct":46.3,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H6NJ12136"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NJ12136/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"A000364":[{"id":"P138_A000364","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John H. Adler draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.0M PAC / $12.4M total)","explanation":"John H. Adler's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.0M of $12.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.38,"pacSharePct":40.5,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8NJ03156"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NJ03156/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_A000364","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John H. Adler has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John H. Adler triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000364"]}],"K000369":[{"id":"P138_K000369","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Larry Kissell draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.8M PAC / $9.5M total)","explanation":"Larry Kissell's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.8M of $9.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.53,"pacSharePct":50,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H6NC08111"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NC08111/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000371":[{"id":"P138_K000371","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Frank Kratovil draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.7M PAC / $9.3M total)","explanation":"Frank Kratovil's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.7M of $9.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.69,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.32,"pacSharePct":39.6,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8MD01086"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MD01086/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000371","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Kratovil has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Frank Kratovil triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000371"]}],"S001179":[{"id":"P138_S001179","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Aaron Schock draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.1M PAC / $22.5M total)","explanation":"Aaron Schock's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.1M of $22.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.14,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.51,"pacSharePct":36.2,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H8IL18043"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL18043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S001179","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Aaron Schock has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Aaron Schock triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001179"]},{"id":"P182_S001179_NewPhiladelphiaIllin","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Aaron Schock sponsored \"New Philadelphia, Illinois, Study Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Aaron Schock has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"New Philadelphia, Illinois, Study Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"H001044":[{"id":"P138_H001044","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Deborah L. Halvorson draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.4M PAC / $10.7M total)","explanation":"Deborah L. Halvorson's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.4M of $10.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.37,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.66,"pacSharePct":41,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H8IL11113"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL11113/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001044","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Deborah L. Halvorson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Deborah L. Halvorson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001044"]}],"M001175":[{"id":"P138_M001175","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter Minnick draws 30% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.2M PAC / $10.6M total)","explanation":"Walter Minnick's FEC-bulk record shows 30% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.2M of $10.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.63,"pacSharePct":30.1,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H8ID01090"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8ID01090/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001175","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter Minnick has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Walter Minnick triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001175"]}],"H001048":[{"id":"P138_H001048","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Duncan D. Hunter draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.2M PAC / $16.9M total)","explanation":"Duncan D. Hunter's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.2M of $16.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.87,"pacSharePct":42.4,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H8CA52052"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA52052/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001048","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Duncan D. Hunter has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Duncan D. Hunter triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001048"]},{"id":"P182_H001048_ADANotificationActof","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Duncan D. Hunter sponsored \"ADA Notification Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Duncan D. Hunter has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"ADA Notification Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001048_ForthereliefofRobert","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Duncan D. Hunter sponsored \"For the relief of Roberto Luis Dunoyer Mejia, Consuelo Cardo\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Duncan D. Hunter has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Roberto Luis Dunoyer Mejia, Consuelo Cardona Molina, Camilo Dunoyer Cardona, and Pablo Dunoyer Cardona."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_H001048","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Duncan D. Hunter — DW-NOMINATE 0.54 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Duncan D. Hunter's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.54) is 1.6 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.539,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.56"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"R000004":[{"id":"P138_R000004","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Radanovich draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.9M PAC / $12.7M total)","explanation":"George Radanovich's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.9M of $12.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.87,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.71,"pacSharePct":38.4,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H2CA19054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA19054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000004","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Radanovich has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"George Radanovich triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000004"]}],"P000265":[{"id":"P138_P000265","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas E. Petri draws 53% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.3M PAC / $17.6M total)","explanation":"Thomas E. Petri's FEC-bulk record shows 53% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.3M of $17.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.34,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.57,"pacSharePct":53.2,"cycleCount":37,"fecId":"H0WI06061"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WI06061/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_P000265_CharitableDrivingTax","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas E. Petri sponsored \"Charitable Driving Tax Relief Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Thomas E. Petri has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Charitable Driving Tax Relief Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000265_SocialSecurityIdenti","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas E. Petri sponsored \"Social Security Identity Defense Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Thomas E. Petri has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Social Security Identity Defense Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"P000149":[{"id":"P138_P000149","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donald M. Payne draws 65% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.1M PAC / $9.3M total)","explanation":"Donald M. Payne's FEC-bulk record shows 65% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.1M of $9.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.31,"pacSharePct":65.4,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2NJ10154"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NJ10154/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"O000006":[{"id":"P138_O000006","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"James L. Oberstar draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.7M PAC / $23.2M total)","explanation":"James L. Oberstar's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.7M of $23.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.72,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.17,"pacSharePct":59.2,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H6MN08047"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MN08047/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001232":[{"id":"P138_B001232","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Judy Biggert draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.3M PAC / $19.7M total)","explanation":"Judy Biggert's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.3M of $19.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.29,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.67,"pacSharePct":47.2,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H8IL13069"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8IL13069/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"T000459":[{"id":"P138_T000459","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Lee Terry draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.2M PAC / $28.3M total)","explanation":"Lee Terry's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.2M of $28.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.26,"pacSharePct":53.7,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8NE02139"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8NE02139/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001140":[{"id":"P138_M001140","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dennis Moore draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.6M PAC / $22.1M total)","explanation":"Dennis Moore's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.6M of $22.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.56,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.13,"pacSharePct":47.7,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H8KS03049"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8KS03049/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_M001140","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dennis Moore — DW-NOMINATE -0.27 vs KS delegation mean 0.36 (2.1σ outlier)","explanation":"Dennis Moore's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.27) is 2.1 standard deviations from the KS delegation mean (0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"KS","memberScore":-0.267,"delegationMean":0.3593076923076923,"zscore":"2.08"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001229":[{"id":"P138_B001229","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Baird draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.8M PAC / $15.5M total)","explanation":"Brian Baird's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.8M of $15.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.46,"pacSharePct":37.3,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H6WA03135"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WA03135/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001229","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brian Baird has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Brian Baird triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001229"]}],"G000544":[{"id":"P138_G000544","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles A. Gonzalez draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.9M PAC / $28.4M total)","explanation":"Charles A. Gonzalez's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.9M of $28.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.86,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.42,"pacSharePct":41.7,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H6TX15162"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX15162/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_G000544","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles A. Gonzalez has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Charles A. Gonzalez triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/G000544"]}],"S000672":[{"id":"P138_S000672","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vic Snyder draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.2M PAC / $9.4M total)","explanation":"Vic Snyder's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.2M of $9.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.37,"pacSharePct":33.8,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H6AR02203"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6AR02203/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S000672","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vic Snyder has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Vic Snyder triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000672"]}],"R000462":[{"id":"P138_R000462","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steven R. Rothman draws 36% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.6M PAC / $21.1M total)","explanation":"Steven R. Rothman's FEC-bulk record shows 36% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.6M of $21.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.08,"pacSharePct":36,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H6NJ09165"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NJ09165/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000462","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steven R. Rothman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steven R. Rothman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000462"]}],"R000170":[{"id":"P138_R000170","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Silvestre Reyes draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.6M PAC / $12.9M total)","explanation":"Silvestre Reyes's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.6M of $12.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.63,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.87,"pacSharePct":43.7,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H6TX00115"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6TX00115/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000170","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Silvestre Reyes has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Silvestre Reyes triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000170"]}],"P000373":[{"id":"P138_P000373","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joseph R. Pitts draws 61% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.9M PAC / $14.7M total)","explanation":"Joseph R. Pitts's FEC-bulk record shows 61% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.9M of $14.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.68,"pacSharePct":60.9,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H6PA16197"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6PA16197/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_P000373_WhiteClayCreekWildan","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joseph R. Pitts sponsored \"White Clay Creek Wild and Scenic River Expansion Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Joseph R. Pitts has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"White Clay Creek Wild and Scenic River Expansion Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_P000373","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph R. Pitts — DW-NOMINATE 0.54 vs PA delegation mean 0.01 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Joseph R. Pitts's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.54) is 1.5 standard deviations from the PA delegation mean (0.01). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PA","memberScore":0.538,"delegationMean":0.013452380952380962,"zscore":"1.50"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"E000226":[{"id":"P138_E000226","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Etheridge draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.1M PAC / $16.9M total)","explanation":"Bob Etheridge's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.1M of $16.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.12,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.86,"pacSharePct":48.2,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H6NC02080"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6NC02080/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C000380":[{"id":"P138_C000380","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Donna M. Christensen draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.7M PAC / $3.6M total)","explanation":"Donna M. Christensen's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.7M of $3.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3.58,"pacSharePct":46.5,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H4VI00054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4VI00054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_C000380_CastleNugentNational","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Donna M. Christensen sponsored \"Castle Nugent National Historic Site Establishment Act of 20\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Donna M. Christensen has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Castle Nugent National Historic Site Establishment Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001036":[{"id":"P138_C001036","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lois Capps draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.9M PAC / $31.1M total)","explanation":"Lois Capps's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.9M of $31.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.9,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.06,"pacSharePct":38.3,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H8CA22089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8CA22089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_C001036","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lois Capps has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Lois Capps triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001036"]},{"id":"P182_C001036_CoastalStateClimateC","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lois Capps sponsored \"Coastal State Climate Change Planning Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Lois Capps has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Coastal State Climate Change Planning Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001036_SclerodermaResearcha","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lois Capps sponsored \"Scleroderma Research and Awareness Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Lois Capps has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Scleroderma Research and Awareness Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C001036_RegisteredNurseSafeS","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lois Capps sponsored \"Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Lois Capps has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B000652":[{"id":"P138_B000652","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Leonard L. Boswell draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.0M PAC / $24.4M total)","explanation":"Leonard L. Boswell's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.0M of $24.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.01,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.45,"pacSharePct":57.3,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H6IA03144"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6IA03144/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"Y000031":[{"id":"P138_Y000031","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"C. W. Bill Young draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.5M PAC / $14.2M total)","explanation":"C. W. Bill Young's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.5M of $14.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.45,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.23,"pacSharePct":52.4,"cycleCount":36,"fecId":"H6FL06035"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6FL06035/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000207":[{"id":"P138_W000207","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Melvin L. Watt draws 68% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.5M PAC / $11.0M total)","explanation":"Melvin L. Watt's FEC-bulk record shows 68% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.5M of $11.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.5,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.96,"pacSharePct":68.5,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H2NC12021"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NC12021/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_W000207","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Melvin L. Watt — 104 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Melvin L. Watt sponsored 104 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":104}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_W000207","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Melvin L. Watt — DW-NOMINATE -0.53 vs NC delegation mean 0.15 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Melvin L. Watt's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.53) is 1.5 standard deviations from the NC delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NC","memberScore":-0.526,"delegationMean":0.15286206896551724,"zscore":"1.55"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"T000238":[{"id":"P138_T000238","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mac Thornberry draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.7M PAC / $23.5M total)","explanation":"Mac Thornberry's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.7M of $23.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.69,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.51,"pacSharePct":37,"cycleCount":29,"fecId":"H4TX13014"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX13014/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_T000238","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mac Thornberry has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mac Thornberry triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/T000238"]},{"id":"P182_T000238_DeathTaxRepealAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mac Thornberry sponsored \"Death Tax Repeal Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Mac Thornberry has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Death Tax Repeal Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"T000074":[{"id":"P138_T000074","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Gene Taylor draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $10.6M total)","explanation":"Gene Taylor's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $10.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.6,"pacSharePct":48.8,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H8MS05047"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MS05047/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S001143":[{"id":"P138_S001143","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark E. Souder draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.4M PAC / $8.8M total)","explanation":"Mark E. Souder's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.4M of $8.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.43,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.83,"pacSharePct":38.9,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H4IN04099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4IN04099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S001143","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark E. Souder has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Mark E. Souder triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S001143"]}],"S000663":[{"id":"P138_S000663","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Olympia J. Snowe draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $18.8M total)","explanation":"Olympia J. Snowe's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $18.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.78,"pacSharePct":38,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"S4ME00055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S4ME00055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S000663","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Olympia J. Snowe has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Olympia J. Snowe triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000663"]},{"id":"P181_S000663","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Olympia J. Snowe — 123 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Olympia J. Snowe sponsored 123 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":123}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S000465":[{"id":"P138_S000465","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ike Skelton draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.5M PAC / $21.3M total)","explanation":"Ike Skelton's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.5M of $21.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.49,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.35,"pacSharePct":53.8,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H6MO04141"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MO04141/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"S000275":[{"id":"P138_S000275","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John B. Shadegg draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.8M PAC / $16.6M total)","explanation":"John B. Shadegg's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.8M of $16.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.81,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.59,"pacSharePct":41,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H4AZ04016"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4AZ04016/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_S000275","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John B. Shadegg has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John B. Shadegg triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/S000275"]}],"S000248":[{"id":"P138_S000248","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jose E. Serrano draws 69% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.9M PAC / $7.2M total)","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano's FEC-bulk record shows 69% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.9M of $7.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.94,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.18,"pacSharePct":68.7,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H0NY18065"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY18065/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_Topermitmembersofthe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"To permit members of the House of Representatives to donate \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To permit members of the House of Representatives to donate used computer equipment to public elementary and secondary schools designated by the members."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_MedicaidNewbornCover","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"Medicaid Newborn Coverage Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Medicaid Newborn Coverage Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_CubaReconciliationAc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"Cuba Reconciliation Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Cuba Reconciliation Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_Toprovidediscretiona","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"To provide discretionary authority to an immigration judge t\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To provide discretionary authority to an immigration judge to determine that an alien parent of a United States citizen child should not be ordered removed, deported, or excluded from the United States."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_Toauthorizetheapprop","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"To authorize the appropriation of funds to be used to recrui\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"To authorize the appropriation of funds to be used to recruit, hire, and train 100,000 new classroom paraprofessionals in order to improve educational achievement for children."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_UnitedStatesLibraryT","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"United States Library Trust Fund Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"United States Library Trust Fund Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_AntihungerEmpowermen","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"Anti-hunger Empowerment Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Anti-hunger Empowerment Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_BaseballDiplomacyAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"Baseball Diplomacy Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Baseball Diplomacy Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000248_SewageSludgeinFoodPr","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jose E. Serrano sponsored \"Sewage Sludge in Food Production Consumer Notification Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jose E. Serrano has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Sewage Sludge in Food Production Consumer Notification Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S000244":[{"id":"P138_S000244","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"F. James Sensenbrenner draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.6M PAC / $15.6M total)","explanation":"F. James Sensenbrenner's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.6M of $15.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.59,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.55,"pacSharePct":48.8,"cycleCount":43,"fecId":"H8WI09050"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8WI09050/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_S000244_JudicialTransparency","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"F. James Sensenbrenner sponsored \"Judicial Transparency and Ethics Enhancement Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"F. James Sensenbrenner has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Judicial Transparency and Ethics Enhancement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_S000244_CriminalCodeModerniz","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"F. James Sensenbrenner sponsored \"Criminal Code Modernization and Simplification Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"F. James Sensenbrenner has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Criminal Code Modernization and Simplification Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001134":[{"id":"P138_M001134","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sue Wilkins Myrick draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.4M PAC / $17.4M total)","explanation":"Sue Wilkins Myrick's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.4M of $17.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.41,"pacSharePct":42.5,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H4NC09106"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NC09106/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001134","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sue Wilkins Myrick has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Sue Wilkins Myrick triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001134"]}],"M000844":[{"id":"P138_M000844","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alan B. Mollohan draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.4M PAC / $14.6M total)","explanation":"Alan B. Mollohan's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.4M of $14.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.44,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.65,"pacSharePct":43.9,"cycleCount":32,"fecId":"H2WV01029"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2WV01029/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M000844","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan B. Mollohan has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Alan B. Mollohan triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M000844"]}],"M000689":[{"id":"P138_M000689","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John L. Mica draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.9M PAC / $23.8M total)","explanation":"John L. Mica's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.9M of $23.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.87,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.84,"pacSharePct":49.8,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H2FL08055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL08055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M000388":[{"id":"P138_M000388","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Jim McCrery draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.8M PAC / $21.0M total)","explanation":"Jim McCrery's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.8M of $21.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.03,"pacSharePct":51.5,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H8LA04134"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8LA04134/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000468":[{"id":"P138_B000468","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Bingaman draws 31% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.3M PAC / $36.5M total)","explanation":"Jeff Bingaman's FEC-bulk record shows 31% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.3M of $36.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.34,"lifetimeReceiptsM":36.53,"pacSharePct":31,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"S2NM00021"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2NM00021/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B000468","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeff Bingaman has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jeff Bingaman triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000468"]},{"id":"P181_B000468","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeff Bingaman — 141 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Jeff Bingaman sponsored 141 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":141}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001158":[{"id":"P138_M001158","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kenny Marchant draws 61% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.2M PAC / $15.1M total)","explanation":"Kenny Marchant's FEC-bulk record shows 61% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.2M of $15.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.12,"pacSharePct":60.9,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H4TX24094"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX24094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"P000592":[{"id":"P138_P000592","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Poe draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $15.1M total)","explanation":"Ted Poe's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $15.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":15.07,"pacSharePct":34.6,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H4TX02108"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX02108/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_P000592","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Poe has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ted Poe triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000592"]},{"id":"P181_P000592","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Poe — 107 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Ted Poe sponsored 107 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":107}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000592_FrankBucklesWorldWar","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Poe sponsored \"Frank Buckles World War I Memorial Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ted Poe has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Frank Buckles World War I Memorial Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000592_DollarBillActof2009","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Poe sponsored \"Dollar Bill Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ted Poe has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Dollar Bill Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000592_CrimeVictimsFundPres","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Poe sponsored \"Crime Victims Fund Preservation Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ted Poe has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Crime Victims Fund Preservation Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000592_EnsuringAffordableEn","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ted Poe sponsored \"Ensuring Affordable Energy Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Ted Poe has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Ensuring Affordable Energy Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"D000604":[{"id":"P138_D000604","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles W. Dent draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.5M PAC / $26.7M total)","explanation":"Charles W. Dent's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.5M of $26.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.71,"pacSharePct":46.8,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H4PA15087"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4PA15087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001254":[{"id":"P138_B001254","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Dan Boren draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.0M PAC / $14.6M total)","explanation":"Dan Boren's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.0M of $14.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.61,"pacSharePct":41,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H4OK02089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4OK02089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001254","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Boren has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Dan Boren triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001254"]}],"M001161":[{"id":"P138_M001161","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charlie Melancon draws 30% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.4M PAC / $7.9M total)","explanation":"Charlie Melancon's FEC-bulk record shows 30% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.4M of $7.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.39,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.93,"pacSharePct":30.2,"cycleCount":3,"fecId":"S0LA00154"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0LA00154/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001161","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charlie Melancon has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Charlie Melancon triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001161"]}],"D000603":[{"id":"P138_D000603","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Geoff Davis draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.5M PAC / $24.9M total)","explanation":"Geoff Davis's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.5M of $24.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.55,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.91,"pacSharePct":38.3,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H2KY04071"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2KY04071/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_D000603","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Geoff Davis has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Geoff Davis triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/D000603"]}],"P000591":[{"id":"P138_P000591","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Price draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($13.7M PAC / $31.1M total)","explanation":"Tom Price's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($13.7M of $31.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":13.67,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.09,"pacSharePct":44,"cycleCount":17,"fecId":"H4GA06087"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4GA06087/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_P000591","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Price has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Tom Price triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/P000591"]}],"H001037":[{"id":"P138_H001037","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Stephanie Herseth Sandlin draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.4M PAC / $21.3M total)","explanation":"Stephanie Herseth Sandlin's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.4M of $21.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.32,"pacSharePct":44.2,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H2SD00092"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2SD00092/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001037","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephanie Herseth Sandlin has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Stephanie Herseth Sandlin triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001037"]}],"C001058":[{"id":"P138_C001058","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ben Chandler draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $16.1M total)","explanation":"Ben Chandler's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $16.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.1,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.06,"pacSharePct":44.2,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H4KY06072"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4KY06072/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_C001058","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Chandler has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ben Chandler triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001058"]}],"H001036":[{"id":"P138_H001036","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jeb Hensarling draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.7M PAC / $35.6M total)","explanation":"Jeb Hensarling's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.7M of $35.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.75,"lifetimeReceiptsM":35.62,"pacSharePct":44.2,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H2TX05121"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2TX05121/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001036","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jeb Hensarling has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jeb Hensarling triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001036"]}],"B001239":[{"id":"P138_B001239","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"J. Gresham Barrett draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.4M PAC / $8.1M total)","explanation":"J. Gresham Barrett's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.4M of $8.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.41,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.13,"pacSharePct":41.9,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H2SC03057"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2SC03057/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001239","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Gresham Barrett has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"J. Gresham Barrett triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001239"]}],"K000363":[{"id":"P138_K000363","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Kline draws 42% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.6M PAC / $30.1M total)","explanation":"John Kline's FEC-bulk record shows 42% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.6M of $30.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.1,"pacSharePct":41.8,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H8MN06047"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MN06047/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000363","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Kline has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John Kline triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000363"]}],"M001147":[{"id":"P138_M001147","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thaddeus G. McCotter draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.6M PAC / $11.6M total)","explanation":"Thaddeus G. McCotter's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.6M of $11.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.58,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.62,"pacSharePct":48.1,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2MI00037"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MI00037/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001150":[{"id":"P138_M001150","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Candice S. Miller draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.6M PAC / $13.3M total)","explanation":"Candice S. Miller's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.6M of $13.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.61,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.34,"pacSharePct":49.6,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H6MI12181"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MI12181/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001149":[{"id":"P138_M001149","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Michael H. Michaud draws 63% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.2M PAC / $13.0M total)","explanation":"Michael H. Michaud's FEC-bulk record shows 63% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.2M of $13.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.2,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.98,"pacSharePct":63.2,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2ME02097"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2ME02097/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_M001149_SafeandEfficientTran","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael H. Michaud sponsored \"Safe and Efficient Transportation Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael H. Michaud has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Safe and Efficient Transportation Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001146":[{"id":"P138_M001146","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim Marshall draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.9M PAC / $17.4M total)","explanation":"Jim Marshall's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.9M of $17.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.85,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.43,"pacSharePct":39.3,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H0GA08032"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0GA08032/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_M001146","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Marshall has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jim Marshall triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001146"]}],"B001247":[{"id":"P138_B001247","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ginny Brown-Waite draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.1M PAC / $7.8M total)","explanation":"Ginny Brown-Waite's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.1M of $7.8M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.09,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.83,"pacSharePct":52.2,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H2FL05127"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2FL05127/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001050":[{"id":"P138_C001050","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dennis A. Cardoza draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.6M PAC / $12.1M total)","explanation":"Dennis A. Cardoza's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.6M of $12.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.59,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.12,"pacSharePct":54.4,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H2CA18056"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA18056/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001244":[{"id":"P138_B001244","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jo Bonner draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.3M PAC / $13.4M total)","explanation":"Jo Bonner's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.3M of $13.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.33,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.4,"pacSharePct":39.8,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"H2AL01077"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AL01077/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001244","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jo Bonner has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Jo Bonner triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001244"]}],"N000182":[{"id":"P138_N000182","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Randy Neugebauer draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.4M PAC / $21.3M total)","explanation":"Randy Neugebauer's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.4M of $21.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.41,"lifetimeReceiptsM":21.33,"pacSharePct":44.1,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H4TX19102"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4TX19102/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_N000182","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Randy Neugebauer executed 3 rapid buy/sell pairs on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY FFIN (4d apart)","explanation":"Randy Neugebauer has 3 STOCK Act trade pairs where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY FFIN 2016-06-23 → 2016-06-27 (4d) · BUY→SELL FFIN 2016-06-29 → 2016-07-08 (9d) · BUY→SELL IP 2015-04-21 → 2015-05-07 (16d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":3,"samples":[{"ticker":"FFIN","days":4,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2016-06-23","date2":"2016-06-27","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"FFIN","days":9,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2016-06-29","date2":"2016-07-08","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"},{"ticker":"IP","days":16,"pattern":"BUY→SELL","date1":"2015-04-21","date2":"2015-05-07","amount1":"$1,001 - $15,000","amount2":"$1,001 - $15,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_N000182","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Randy Neugebauer has clean-baseline profile: 2 detector types fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Randy Neugebauer triggers only 2 distinct detector types across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":2,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/N000182"]}],"S001155":[{"id":"P138_S001155","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Sullivan draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.2M PAC / $13.9M total)","explanation":"John Sullivan's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.2M of $13.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.22,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.89,"pacSharePct":52,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H2OK01093"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2OK01093/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"W000794":[{"id":"P138_W000794","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Diane E. Watson draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.9M PAC / $4.7M total)","explanation":"Diane E. Watson's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.9M of $4.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":4.71,"pacSharePct":41,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H2CA32099"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA32099/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_W000794","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Diane E. Watson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Diane E. Watson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/W000794"]}],"C001048":[{"id":"P138_C001048","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Abney Culberson draws 39% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.2M PAC / $23.5M total)","explanation":"John Abney Culberson's FEC-bulk record shows 39% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.2M of $23.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.15,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.5,"pacSharePct":38.9,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"H0TX07055"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TX07055/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_C001048","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Abney Culberson has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John Abney Culberson triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001048"]}],"I000057":[{"id":"P138_I000057","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Israel draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.5M PAC / $37.7M total)","explanation":"Steve Israel's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.5M of $37.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.51,"lifetimeReceiptsM":37.73,"pacSharePct":33.2,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0NY02085"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY02085/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_I000057","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Israel has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve Israel triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/I000057"]},{"id":"P181_I000057","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Israel — 111 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Steve Israel sponsored 111 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":111}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_I000057_WeekendVotingAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Israel sponsored \"Weekend Voting Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Steve Israel has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Weekend Voting Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"C001045":[{"id":"P138_C001045","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ander Crenshaw draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.9M PAC / $14.9M total)","explanation":"Ander Crenshaw's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.9M of $14.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.92,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.91,"pacSharePct":39.7,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H0FL04066"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL04066/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_C001045","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ander Crenshaw has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ander Crenshaw triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/C001045"]}],"H001034":[{"id":"P138_H001034","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael M. Honda draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.2M PAC / $24.9M total)","explanation":"Michael M. Honda's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.2M of $24.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.87,"pacSharePct":32.8,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H0CA15148"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0CA15148/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001034","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael M. Honda has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Michael M. Honda triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001034"]},{"id":"P182_H001034_NanotechnologyAdvanc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael M. Honda sponsored \"Nanotechnology Advancement and New Opportunities Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael M. Honda has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Nanotechnology Advancement and New Opportunities Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001034_ReunitingFamiliesAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Michael M. Honda sponsored \"Reuniting Families Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Michael M. Honda has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Reuniting Families Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"N000180":[{"id":"P138_N000180","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Ben Nelson draws 46% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.2M PAC / $33.2M total)","explanation":"Ben Nelson's FEC-bulk record shows 46% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.2M of $33.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.23,"lifetimeReceiptsM":33.25,"pacSharePct":45.8,"cycleCount":21,"fecId":"S6NE00095"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S6NE00095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C000714":[{"id":"P138_C000714","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Conyers draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.6M PAC / $19.9M total)","explanation":"John Conyers's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.6M of $19.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.57,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.9,"pacSharePct":58.1,"cycleCount":44,"fecId":"H6MI01028"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MI01028/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P181_C000714","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Conyers — 120 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"John Conyers sponsored 120 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":120}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C000714_CommissiontoStudyRep","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Conyers sponsored \"Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African-America\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John Conyers has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C000714_JohnHopeFranklinTuls","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Conyers sponsored \"John Hope Franklin Tulsa-Greenwood Race Riot Claims Accounta\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John Conyers has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"John Hope Franklin Tulsa-Greenwood Race Riot Claims Accountability Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C000714_HealthInsuranceIndus","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Conyers sponsored \"Health Insurance Industry Antitrust Enforcement Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John Conyers has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Health Insurance Industry Antitrust Enforcement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_C000714_ProtectingEmployeesa","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Conyers sponsored \"Protecting Employees and Retirees in Business Bankruptcies A\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"John Conyers has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Protecting Employees and Retirees in Business Bankruptcies Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_C000714","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Conyers — DW-NOMINATE -0.66 vs MI delegation mean -0.02 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"John Conyers's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.66) is 1.5 standard deviations from the MI delegation mean (-0.02). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MI","memberScore":-0.658,"delegationMean":-0.01998305084745762,"zscore":"1.54"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001203":[{"id":"P138_B001203","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steve Buyer draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($7.1M PAC / $12.0M total)","explanation":"Steve Buyer's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($7.1M of $12.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":7.06,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.98,"pacSharePct":59,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H2IN05025"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2IN05025/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000208":[{"id":"P138_B000208","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roscoe G. Bartlett draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.2M PAC / $9.7M total)","explanation":"Roscoe G. Bartlett's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.2M of $9.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.22,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.74,"pacSharePct":33.1,"cycleCount":27,"fecId":"H2MD06054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2MD06054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B000208","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roscoe G. Bartlett has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Roscoe G. Bartlett triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B000208"]},{"id":"P195_B000208","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roscoe G. Bartlett — DW-NOMINATE 0.49 vs MD delegation mean -0.21 (2.2σ outlier)","explanation":"Roscoe G. Bartlett's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.49) is 2.2 standard deviations from the MD delegation mean (-0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MD","memberScore":0.493,"delegationMean":-0.20651724137931035,"zscore":"2.21"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B000013":[{"id":"P138_B000013","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Spencer Bachus draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.8M PAC / $26.1M total)","explanation":"Spencer Bachus's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.8M of $26.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":26.14,"pacSharePct":56.7,"cycleCount":25,"fecId":"H2AL06035"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AL06035/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"A000069":[{"id":"P138_A000069","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel K. Akaka draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.3M PAC / $14.1M total)","explanation":"Daniel K. Akaka's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.3M of $14.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.31,"lifetimeReceiptsM":14.13,"pacSharePct":37.6,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"S0HI00084"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S0HI00084/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_A000069","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel K. Akaka has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Daniel K. Akaka triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/A000069"]},{"id":"P181_A000069","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Daniel K. Akaka — 110 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Daniel K. Akaka sponsored 110 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":110}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"A000014":[{"id":"P138_A000014","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Neil Abercrombie draws 52% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.0M PAC / $17.3M total)","explanation":"Neil Abercrombie's FEC-bulk record shows 52% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.0M of $17.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.04,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.3,"pacSharePct":52.3,"cycleCount":27,"fecId":"H6HI01121"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6HI01121/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"F000030":[{"id":"P138_F000030","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sam Farr draws 54% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.8M PAC / $16.4M total)","explanation":"Sam Farr's FEC-bulk record shows 54% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.8M of $16.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.82,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.44,"pacSharePct":53.7,"cycleCount":26,"fecId":"H4CA17021"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4CA17021/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P141_F000030","pattern_type":"P141_RAPID_BUY_SELL_SAME_TICKER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Farr executed 1 rapid buy/sell pair on same ticker within 30 days — top: SELL→BUY ACT (0d apart)","explanation":"Sam Farr has 1 STOCK Act trade pair where they bought and then sold (or sold and then re-bought) the same ticker within 30 days. Short-term in-and-out trading by sitting members is distinct from long-term portfolio holds and raises distinct STOCK Act concerns: the short holding period is more consistent with information arbitrage than with strategic asset allocation, and trade pairs often happen around legislative or regulatory inflection points. Rapid round-trips: SELL→BUY ACT 2013-10-01 → 2013-10-01 (0d). Each round-trip warrants journalist review of the member's committee schedule and public news on the ticker during the trade window.","evidence":[{"source":"rapid_buy_sell","pairCount":1,"samples":[{"ticker":"ACT","days":0,"pattern":"SELL→BUY","date1":"2013-10-01","date2":"2013-10-01","amount1":"$15,001 - $50,000","amount2":"$15,001 - $50,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P182_F000030_TruthinTrialsAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Sam Farr sponsored \"Truth in Trials Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Sam Farr has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Truth in Trials Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"E000194":[{"id":"P138_E000194","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Ensign draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.1M PAC / $31.5M total)","explanation":"John Ensign's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.1M of $31.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.08,"lifetimeReceiptsM":31.48,"pacSharePct":35.2,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"S8NV00073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S8NV00073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_E000194","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Ensign has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John Ensign triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000194"]}],"E000092":[{"id":"P138_E000092","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vernon J. Ehlers draws 34% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.4M PAC / $7.0M total)","explanation":"Vernon J. Ehlers's FEC-bulk record shows 34% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.4M of $7.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.4,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.02,"pacSharePct":34.1,"cycleCount":19,"fecId":"H4MI03045"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4MI03045/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_E000092","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vernon J. Ehlers has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Vernon J. Ehlers triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/E000092"]}],"D000432":[{"id":"P138_D000432","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Byron L. Dorgan draws 50% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.7M PAC / $23.4M total)","explanation":"Byron L. Dorgan's FEC-bulk record shows 50% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.7M of $23.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.71,"lifetimeReceiptsM":23.35,"pacSharePct":50.1,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"S2ND00040"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2ND00040/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000327":[{"id":"P138_D000327","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Norman D. Dicks draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.8M PAC / $22.0M total)","explanation":"Norman D. Dicks's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.8M of $22.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":22.02,"pacSharePct":48.9,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H6WA06021"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6WA06021/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"D000168":[{"id":"P138_D000168","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Nathan Deal draws 60% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.3M PAC / $10.5M total)","explanation":"Nathan Deal's FEC-bulk record shows 60% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.3M of $10.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.53,"pacSharePct":59.8,"cycleCount":20,"fecId":"H2GA09036"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2GA09036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000321":[{"id":"P138_L000321","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Linder draws 38% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.7M PAC / $17.9M total)","explanation":"John Linder's FEC-bulk record shows 38% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.7M of $17.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.74,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.92,"pacSharePct":37.6,"cycleCount":23,"fecId":"H0GA04023"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0GA04023/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_L000321","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Linder has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"John Linder triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/L000321"]}],"L000111":[{"id":"P138_L000111","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Tom Latham draws 60% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($15.2M PAC / $25.5M total)","explanation":"Tom Latham's FEC-bulk record shows 60% of lifetime campaign receipts ($15.2M of $25.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":15.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":25.48,"pacSharePct":59.5,"cycleCount":22,"fecId":"H4IA05102"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4IA05102/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_L000111_ReserveRetirementDep","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Latham sponsored \"Reserve Retirement Deployment Credit Correction Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Tom Latham has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Reserve Retirement Deployment Credit Correction Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"K000210":[{"id":"P138_K000210","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($12.3M PAC / $30.1M total)","explanation":"Peter T. King's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($12.3M of $30.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":12.27,"lifetimeReceiptsM":30.14,"pacSharePct":40.7,"cycleCount":33,"fecId":"H2NY03089"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NY03089/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_K000210","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter T. King has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Peter T. King triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/K000210"]},{"id":"P181_K000210","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter T. King — 99 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Peter T. King sponsored 99 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":99}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000210_ForthereliefofAlemse","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King sponsored \"For the relief of Alemseghed Mussie Tesfamical.\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter T. King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"For the relief of Alemseghed Mussie Tesfamical."}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000210_FallenHeroesFlagActo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King sponsored \"Fallen Heroes Flag Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter T. King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Fallen Heroes Flag Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000210_NortheastCorridorRai","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King sponsored \"Northeast Corridor Rail Tunnel Safety Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter T. King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Northeast Corridor Rail Tunnel Safety Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000210_SupplyOurSoldiersAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King sponsored \"Supply Our Soldiers Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter T. King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Supply Our Soldiers Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000210_VolunteerEmergencySe","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King sponsored \"Volunteer Emergency Services Recruitment and Retention Act o\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter T. King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Volunteer Emergency Services Recruitment and Retention Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000210_DenyingFirearmsandEx","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King sponsored \"Denying Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous Terrorists Act \" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter T. King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Denying Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous Terrorists Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000210_TaxpayersCancerResea","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King sponsored \"Taxpayers' Cancer Research Funding Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter T. King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Taxpayers' Cancer Research Funding Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_K000210_DaveThomasAdoptionAc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter T. King sponsored \"Dave Thomas Adoption Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Peter T. King has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Dave Thomas Adoption Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"G000445":[{"id":"P138_G000445","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Judd Gregg draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.5M PAC / $13.5M total)","explanation":"Judd Gregg's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.5M of $13.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.48,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.52,"pacSharePct":47.9,"cycleCount":14,"fecId":"S2NH00025"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2NH00025/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000289":[{"id":"P138_G000289","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Bob Goodlatte draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($14.9M PAC / $29.2M total)","explanation":"Bob Goodlatte's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($14.9M of $29.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":14.93,"lifetimeReceiptsM":29.15,"pacSharePct":51.2,"cycleCount":28,"fecId":"H2VA06115"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2VA06115/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P182_G000289_TaxCodeTerminationAc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Goodlatte sponsored \"Tax Code Termination Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Bob Goodlatte has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Tax Code Termination Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"F000372":[{"id":"P138_F000372","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rodney P. Frelinghuysen draws 40% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.2M PAC / $28.2M total)","explanation":"Rodney P. Frelinghuysen's FEC-bulk record shows 40% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.2M of $28.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.24,"lifetimeReceiptsM":28.23,"pacSharePct":39.8,"cycleCount":38,"fecId":"H2NJ05014"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2NJ05014/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_F000372","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rodney P. Frelinghuysen has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Rodney P. Frelinghuysen triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000372"]}],"F000339":[{"id":"P138_F000339","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barney Frank draws 30% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($9.8M PAC / $32.5M total)","explanation":"Barney Frank's FEC-bulk record shows 30% of lifetime campaign receipts ($9.8M of $32.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":9.77,"lifetimeReceiptsM":32.51,"pacSharePct":30,"cycleCount":35,"fecId":"H0MA04036"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MA04036/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_F000339","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barney Frank has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Barney Frank triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000339"]}],"F000460":[{"id":"P138_F000460","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Blake Farenthold draws 37% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.3M PAC / $9.0M total)","explanation":"Blake Farenthold's FEC-bulk record shows 37% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.3M of $9.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.32,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.96,"pacSharePct":37,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H0TX27061"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0TX27061/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_F000460","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Blake Farenthold has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Blake Farenthold triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/F000460"]}],"P000601":[{"id":"P138_P000601","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Steven M. Palazzo draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.8M PAC / $13.1M total)","explanation":"Steven M. Palazzo's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.8M of $13.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.76,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.13,"pacSharePct":51.5,"cycleCount":16,"fecId":"H0MS04120"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MS04120/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P198_P000601","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steven M. Palazzo — long-tenure veteran (6 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Steven M. Palazzo has served 6 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":6,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000601","https://www.congress.gov/member/steven-m.-palazzo/P000601"]}],"R000588":[{"id":"P138_R000588","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Cedric L. Richmond draws 64% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.8M PAC / $16.9M total)","explanation":"Cedric L. Richmond's FEC-bulk record shows 64% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.8M of $16.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.83,"lifetimeReceiptsM":16.91,"pacSharePct":64,"cycleCount":18,"fecId":"H8LA02054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8LA02054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P195_R000588","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cedric L. Richmond — DW-NOMINATE -0.49 vs LA delegation mean 0.18 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Cedric L. Richmond's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.49) is 1.9 standard deviations from the LA delegation mean (0.18). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"LA","memberScore":-0.486,"delegationMean":0.17868571428571423,"zscore":"1.87"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001279":[{"id":"P138_B001279","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Barber draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.4M PAC / $13.6M total)","explanation":"Ron Barber's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.4M of $13.6M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.44,"lifetimeReceiptsM":13.62,"pacSharePct":32.6,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H2AZ08094"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2AZ08094/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001279","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Barber has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ron Barber triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001279"]}],"R000587":[{"id":"P138_R000587","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Reid J. Ribble draws 43% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.1M PAC / $11.9M total)","explanation":"Reid J. Ribble's FEC-bulk record shows 43% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.1M of $11.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.05,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.88,"pacSharePct":42.6,"cycleCount":9,"fecId":"H0WI08075"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0WI08075/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000587","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Reid J. Ribble has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Reid J. Ribble triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000587"]}],"H001060":[{"id":"P138_H001060","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Hurt draws 41% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $12.9M total)","explanation":"Robert Hurt's FEC-bulk record shows 41% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $12.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.21,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.86,"pacSharePct":40.5,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H0VA05095"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0VA05095/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_H001060","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Hurt has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Robert Hurt triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/H001060"]}],"N000184":[{"id":"P138_N000184","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kristi L. Noem draws 33% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.5M PAC / $19.7M total)","explanation":"Kristi L. Noem's FEC-bulk record shows 33% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.5M of $19.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.48,"lifetimeReceiptsM":19.65,"pacSharePct":33,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H0SD00054"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0SD00054/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_N000184","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kristi L. Noem has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Kristi L. Noem triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/N000184"]}],"B001276":[{"id":"P138_B001276","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ann Marie Buerkle draws 35% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.0M PAC / $5.7M total)","explanation":"Ann Marie Buerkle's FEC-bulk record shows 35% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.0M of $5.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.02,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.73,"pacSharePct":35.3,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H0NY25078"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NY25078/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_B001276","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ann Marie Buerkle has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Ann Marie Buerkle triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/B001276"]},{"id":"P195_B001276","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ann Marie Buerkle — DW-NOMINATE 0.58 vs NY delegation mean -0.09 (2.0σ outlier)","explanation":"Ann Marie Buerkle's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.58) is 2.0 standard deviations from the NY delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NY","memberScore":0.579,"delegationMean":-0.0898086956521739,"zscore":"2.02"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"E000291":[{"id":"P138_E000291","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Renee L. Ellmers draws 55% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.1M PAC / $11.1M total)","explanation":"Renee L. Ellmers's FEC-bulk record shows 55% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.1M of $11.1M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.06,"lifetimeReceiptsM":11.11,"pacSharePct":54.5,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H0NC02059"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NC02059/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"N000186":[{"id":"P138_N000186","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Nunnelee draws 32% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.7M PAC / $8.5M total)","explanation":"Alan Nunnelee's FEC-bulk record shows 32% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.7M of $8.5M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.69,"lifetimeReceiptsM":8.51,"pacSharePct":31.6,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0MS01043"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0MS01043/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_N000186","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Nunnelee has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Alan Nunnelee triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/N000186"]}],"W000810":[{"id":"P138_W000810","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rob Woodall draws 61% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.9M PAC / $6.4M total)","explanation":"Rob Woodall's FEC-bulk record shows 61% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.9M of $6.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.92,"lifetimeReceiptsM":6.43,"pacSharePct":61,"cycleCount":12,"fecId":"H0GA07133"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0GA07133/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"N000185":[{"id":"P138_N000185","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Richard B. Nugent draws 57% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.7M PAC / $3.0M total)","explanation":"Richard B. Nugent's FEC-bulk record shows 57% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.7M of $3.0M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.72,"lifetimeReceiptsM":3.01,"pacSharePct":57.1,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H0FL05139"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL05139/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001083":[{"id":"P138_C001083","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John C. Carney draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($5.2M PAC / $10.2M total)","explanation":"John C. Carney's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($5.2M of $10.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":5.17,"lifetimeReceiptsM":10.24,"pacSharePct":50.5,"cycleCount":13,"fecId":"H0DE01017"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0DE01017/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B000220":[{"id":"P138_B000220","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Charles F. Bass draws 49% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($8.8M PAC / $17.9M total)","explanation":"Charles F. Bass's FEC-bulk record shows 49% of lifetime campaign receipts ($8.8M of $17.9M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":8.84,"lifetimeReceiptsM":17.86,"pacSharePct":49.5,"cycleCount":34,"fecId":"H0NH02017"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0NH02017/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"C001094":[{"id":"P138_C001094","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Paul Cook draws 58% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.3M PAC / $7.4M total)","explanation":"Paul Cook's FEC-bulk record shows 58% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.3M of $7.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.3,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.39,"pacSharePct":58.2,"cycleCount":11,"fecId":"H2CA08164"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H2CA08164/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"K000386":[{"id":"P138_K000386","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John Katko draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($11.4M PAC / $24.3M total)","explanation":"John Katko's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($11.4M of $24.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":11.42,"lifetimeReceiptsM":24.31,"pacSharePct":47,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H4NY24073"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4NY24073/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"R000604":[{"id":"P138_R000604","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Steve Russell draws 44% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($2.4M PAC / $5.3M total)","explanation":"Steve Russell's FEC-bulk record shows 44% of lifetime campaign receipts ($2.4M of $5.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":2.35,"lifetimeReceiptsM":5.34,"pacSharePct":44,"cycleCount":7,"fecId":"H4OK05132"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H4OK05132/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]},{"id":"P174_R000604","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steve Russell has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Steve Russell triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/R000604"]}],"F000465":[{"id":"P138_F000465","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"A. Drew Ferguson draws 59% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($10.8M PAC / $18.4M total)","explanation":"A. Drew Ferguson's FEC-bulk record shows 59% of lifetime campaign receipts ($10.8M of $18.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":10.8,"lifetimeReceiptsM":18.44,"pacSharePct":58.6,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H6GA03113"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6GA03113/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"B001304":[{"id":"P138_B001304","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Anthony G. Brown draws 48% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($4.5M PAC / $9.3M total)","explanation":"Anthony G. Brown's FEC-bulk record shows 48% of lifetime campaign receipts ($4.5M of $9.3M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":4.46,"lifetimeReceiptsM":9.29,"pacSharePct":48,"cycleCount":10,"fecId":"H6MD04209"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MD04209/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"L000586":[{"id":"P138_L000586","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Al Lawson draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($3.9M PAC / $7.7M total)","explanation":"Al Lawson's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($3.9M of $7.7M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":3.89,"lifetimeReceiptsM":7.67,"pacSharePct":50.8,"cycleCount":15,"fecId":"H0FL02086"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H0FL02086/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"G000580":[{"id":"P138_G000580","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Thomas A. Garrett draws 47% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($1.2M PAC / $2.4M total)","explanation":"Thomas A. Garrett's FEC-bulk record shows 47% of lifetime campaign receipts ($1.2M of $2.4M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":1.16,"lifetimeReceiptsM":2.44,"pacSharePct":47.4,"cycleCount":5,"fecId":"H6VA05142"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6VA05142/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"A000377":[{"id":"P138_A000377","pattern_type":"P138_PAC_DEPENDENCY_HIGH","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Kelly Armstrong draws 51% of lifetime campaign receipts from PACs ($6.3M PAC / $12.2M total)","explanation":"Kelly Armstrong's FEC-bulk record shows 51% of lifetime campaign receipts ($6.3M of $12.2M) come from PACs rather than individual donors. The senate-wide median PAC share is roughly 20-25%; senators above 30% are structurally more dependent on institutional-money interests for re-election and are more vulnerable to coordinated PAC withdrawal (or threat thereof) as a leverage tool. Cross-reference with committee assignments to identify which sectors' PACs anchor the funding base — and check whether the member's committee voting record aligns with their dominant PAC-donor industries' positions.","evidence":[{"source":"pac_dependency_high","lifetimePACM":6.26,"lifetimeReceiptsM":12.21,"pacSharePct":51.3,"cycleCount":8,"fecId":"H8ND00096"}],"citations":["https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8ND00096/","https://www.fec.gov/data/"]}],"M001201":[{"id":"P140_M001201","pattern_type":"P140_LARGE_TRADE_HIGH_BRACKET","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul Mitchell disclosed 3 large-bracket trades (≥$100K each, 0 ≥$250K) — recent: SELL SAFM $100,001 - $250,000","explanation":"Paul Mitchell has filed 3 periodic transaction reports (PTRs) in the highest STOCK Act disclosure brackets — each individual trade ≥$100,001 ($100K-$250K, $250K-$500K, $500K-$1M, over $1M, or higher). Of these, 0 were in the very-high brackets (≥$250K). High-bracket trades indicate either (a) significant capital deployment / liquidation events, (b) family-trust restructuring requiring reportable transfers, or (c) brokerage-account consolidation. They are statistically rare relative to the member's typical trade size — every high-bracket trade should be evaluated against (i) the trade's timing relative to the member's committee work, (ii) public news on the held company in the surrounding period, and (iii) any classified or non-public briefings the member attended within 30 days. Recent large trades: SELL SAFM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-17 · SELL SU $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-17 · SELL SJM $100,001 - $250,000 on 2018-12-12.","evidence":[{"source":"large_bracket_trade","count":3,"veryHighCount":0,"lowerBoundSum":300003,"recentTrades":[{"ticker":"SAFM","action":"SELL","date":"2018-12-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SU","action":"SELL","date":"2018-12-17","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"},{"ticker":"SJM","action":"SELL","date":"2018-12-12","amount":"$100,001 - $250,000"}]}],"citations":["https://disclosures-clerk.house.gov/PublicDisclosure/FinancialDisclosure","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/search/"]},{"id":"P174_M001201","pattern_type":"P174_META_CLEAN_BASELINE","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul Mitchell has clean-baseline profile: 1 detector type fired, zero HIGH-severity findings","explanation":"Paul Mitchell triggers only 1 distinct detector type across Officium's 173-detector lattice and has zero HIGH-severity findings — the inverse of P150 (top investigation target). At this density level the member is among the structurally cleanest in the chamber: their PFD assets, donor concentration, sponsored travel, trade behavior, and committee × portfolio overlaps fall well below thresholds that would trigger conflict-pattern flags. This finding is transparency-positive context — useful contrast frame for journalists modeling good-practice exemplars or comparing member profiles across the lattice. Note: low finding density can also reflect data sparsity (newer members, departed members with limited recent disclosures) rather than purely good practice; the member's full Officium profile contextualizes which interpretation applies.","evidence":[{"source":"meta_clean_baseline","distinctDetectorTypes":1,"highSeverityCount":0}],"citations":["https://www.officium.vote/profile/M001201"]}],"M000087":[{"id":"P181_M000087","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carolyn B. Maloney — 154 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Carolyn B. Maloney sponsored 154 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":154}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000087_FederalEmployeesPaid","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carolyn B. Maloney sponsored \"Federal Employees Paid Parental Leave Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Carolyn B. Maloney has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Federal Employees Paid Parental Leave Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000087_NorthernRockiesEcosy","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carolyn B. Maloney sponsored \"Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Carolyn B. Maloney has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000087_PrepareAllKidsActof2","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carolyn B. Maloney sponsored \"Prepare All Kids Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Carolyn B. Maloney has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Prepare All Kids Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000087_OverdraftProtectionA","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carolyn B. Maloney sponsored \"Overdraft Protection Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Carolyn B. Maloney has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Overdraft Protection Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000087_AccesstoBirthControl","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carolyn B. Maloney sponsored \"Access to Birth Control Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Carolyn B. Maloney has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Access to Birth Control Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_M000087","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carolyn B. Maloney — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Carolyn B. Maloney has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000087","https://www.congress.gov/member/carolyn-b.-maloney/M000087"]}],"R000361":[{"id":"P181_R000361","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John D. Rockefeller — 139 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"John D. Rockefeller sponsored 139 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":139}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"L000174":[{"id":"P181_L000174","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Patrick J. Leahy — 124 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Patrick J. Leahy sponsored 124 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":124}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P198_L000174","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick J. Leahy — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, Senate)","explanation":"Patrick J. Leahy has served 7 Congresses in the Senate. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"Senate","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000174","https://www.congress.gov/member/patrick-j.-leahy/L000174"]}],"I000025":[{"id":"P181_I000025","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Daniel K. Inouye — 105 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Daniel K. Inouye sponsored 105 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":105}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M000404":[{"id":"P181_M000404","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim McDermott — 101 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Jim McDermott sponsored 101 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":101}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_M000404_AmericanHealthSecuri","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jim McDermott sponsored \"American Health Security Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jim McDermott has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"American Health Security Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_M000404","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim McDermott — DW-NOMINATE -0.67 vs WA delegation mean -0.08 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Jim McDermott's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.67) is 1.6 standard deviations from the WA delegation mean (-0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"WA","memberScore":-0.666,"delegationMean":-0.07612499999999997,"zscore":"1.58"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H001032":[{"id":"P181_H001032","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rush Holt — 98 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Rush Holt sponsored 98 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":98}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001032_OnlineJobTrainingAct","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rush Holt sponsored \"Online Job Training Act of 2009\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rush Holt has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Online Job Training Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001032_SchoolBuildingEnhanc","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rush Holt sponsored \"School Building Enhancement Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rush Holt has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"School Building Enhancement Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001032_WaterAdvancedTechnol","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rush Holt sponsored \"Water Advanced Technologies for Efficient Resource Use Act o\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rush Holt has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Water Advanced Technologies for Efficient Resource Use Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001032_CreateJobsbyExpandin","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rush Holt sponsored \"Create Jobs by Expanding the R&D Tax Credit Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rush Holt has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Create Jobs by Expanding the R&D Tax Credit Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001032_CreatingJobsFromInno","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rush Holt sponsored \"Creating Jobs From Innovative Small Businesses Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rush Holt has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Creating Jobs From Innovative Small Businesses Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001032_BigOilBailoutPrevent","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rush Holt sponsored \"Big Oil Bailout Prevention Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rush Holt has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Big Oil Bailout Prevention Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001032_MedicalChecklistActo","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rush Holt sponsored \"Medical Checklist Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rush Holt has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Medical Checklist Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_H001032_TylerClementiHigherE","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Rush Holt sponsored \"Tyler Clementi Higher Education Anti-Harassment Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Rush Holt has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Tyler Clementi Higher Education Anti-Harassment Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"P000598":[{"id":"P181_P000598","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jared Polis — 91 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Jared Polis sponsored 91 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":91}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000598_WomenWINJobs","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jared Polis sponsored \"Women WIN Jobs\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jared Polis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Women WIN Jobs"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000598_PregnantandParenting","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jared Polis sponsored \"Pregnant and Parenting Students Access to Education Act of 2\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jared Polis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Pregnant and Parenting Students Access to Education Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_P000598_RacetotheTopActof201","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jared Polis sponsored \"Race to the Top Act of 2010\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Jared Polis has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Race to the Top Act of 2010"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001265":[{"id":"P181_B001265","pattern_type":"P181_HIGH_SPONSOR_VOLUME","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Begich — 89 bills sponsored across career (top-decile productivity)","explanation":"Mark Begich sponsored 89 bills across their tracked legislative career — top-decile productivity. High-volume sponsors create wider cross-sectional opportunity for sector-policy intersections; reporters should cross-reference their top-sponsored issue areas against personal portfolio holdings, donor base concentration, and lobbying-client overlap (per LDA filings).","evidence":[{"source":"high_sponsor_volume","count":89}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P195_B001265","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Begich — DW-NOMINATE -0.23 vs AK delegation mean 0.23 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Mark Begich's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.23) is 1.7 standard deviations from the AK delegation mean (0.23). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"AK","memberScore":-0.235,"delegationMean":0.226875,"zscore":"1.67"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001245":[{"id":"P182_B001245_GuamWorldWarIILoyalt","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Madeleine Z. Bordallo sponsored \"Guam World War II Loyalty Recognition Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Madeleine Z. Bordallo has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Guam World War II Loyalty Recognition Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]},{"id":"P182_B001245_IllegalUnreportedand","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Madeleine Z. Bordallo sponsored \"Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Enforcement Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Madeleine Z. Bordallo has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Enforcement Act of 2009"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"S001177":[{"id":"P182_S001177_RotaCulturalandNatur","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Gregorio Kilili Camacho Sablan sponsored \"Rota Cultural and Natural Resources Study Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Gregorio Kilili Camacho Sablan has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Rota Cultural and Natural Resources Study Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"M001151":[{"id":"P182_M001151_SocialSecurityandMed","pattern_type":"P182_REPEAT_BILL_TITLE","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tim Murphy sponsored \"Social Security and Medicare Protection Act\" across 3 Congresses","explanation":"Tim Murphy has introduced legislation with the same title across 3 different Congresses. Persistent sponsorship of the same bill — through multiple Congresses where it didn't pass — signals sustained authorial commitment to the issue. Investigate whether the bill's beneficiaries align with the member's donor base, portfolio holdings, or family business interests across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"repeat_bill_title","congresses":[111,112,113],"title":"Social Security and Medicare Protection Act"}],"citations":["https://www.congress.gov/","https://efdsearch.senate.gov/"]}],"B001057":[{"id":"P185_B001057","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dale Bumpers — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Dale Bumpers served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001057","https://www.congress.gov/member/dale-bumpers/B001057"]},{"id":"P200_B001057","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dale Bumpers — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–105)","explanation":"Dale Bumpers began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001057","https://www.congress.gov/member/dale-bumpers/B001057"]}],"S000675":[{"id":"P185_S000675","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gerald B. H. Solomon — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Gerald B. H. Solomon served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000675","https://www.congress.gov/member/gerald-b-h-solomon/S000675"]},{"id":"P195_S000675","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gerald B. H. Solomon — DW-NOMINATE 0.49 vs NY delegation mean -0.09 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Gerald B. H. Solomon's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.49) is 1.8 standard deviations from the NY delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NY","memberScore":0.492,"delegationMean":-0.0898086956521739,"zscore":"1.75"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"G000236":[{"id":"P185_G000236","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn, John H., Jr. — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Glenn, John H., Jr. served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000236","https://www.congress.gov/member/glenn-john-h-jr-/G000236"]},{"id":"P200_G000236","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn, John H., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–105)","explanation":"Glenn, John H., Jr. began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000236","https://www.congress.gov/member/glenn-john-h-jr-/G000236"]}],"M000399":[{"id":"P185_M000399","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Joseph M. McDade — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Joseph M. McDade served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000399","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-m-mcdade/M000399"]},{"id":"P200_M000399","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph M. McDade — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–105)","explanation":"Joseph M. McDade began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000399","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-m-mcdade/M000399"]}],"H000114":[{"id":"P185_H000114","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lee H. Hamilton — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"Lee H. Hamilton served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000114","https://www.congress.gov/member/lee-h-hamilton/H000114"]},{"id":"P200_H000114","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lee H. Hamilton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–105)","explanation":"Lee H. Hamilton began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000114","https://www.congress.gov/member/lee-h-hamilton/H000114"]}],"S000948":[{"id":"P185_S000948","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Louis Stokes — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Louis Stokes served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000948","https://www.congress.gov/member/louis-stokes/S000948"]},{"id":"P195_S000948","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Louis Stokes — DW-NOMINATE -0.58 vs OH delegation mean 0.08 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Louis Stokes's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.58) is 1.7 standard deviations from the OH delegation mean (0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OH","memberScore":-0.578,"delegationMean":0.08442465753424659,"zscore":"1.71"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_S000948","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Louis Stokes — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–105)","explanation":"Louis Stokes began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000948","https://www.congress.gov/member/louis-stokes/S000948"]}],"G000225":[{"id":"P185_G000225","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Newt Gingrich — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Newt Gingrich served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000225","https://www.congress.gov/member/newt-gingrich/G000225"]}],"Y000013":[{"id":"P185_Y000013","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Sidney R. Yates — served 24 Congresses (~48 years)","explanation":"Sidney R. Yates served 24 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 48 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":24,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/sidney-r-yates/Y000013"]},{"id":"P200_Y000013","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sidney R. Yates — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–105)","explanation":"Sidney R. Yates began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":24}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/sidney-r-yates/Y000013"]}],"F000053":[{"id":"P185_F000053","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vic Fazio — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Vic Fazio served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000053","https://www.congress.gov/member/vic-fazio/F000053"]}],"H000448":[{"id":"P185_H000448","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"W. G. (Bill) Hefner — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"W. G. (Bill) Hefner served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000448","https://www.congress.gov/member/w-g-bill-hefner/H000448"]},{"id":"P200_H000448","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"W. G. (Bill) Hefner — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–105)","explanation":"W. G. (Bill) Hefner began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000448","https://www.congress.gov/member/w-g-bill-hefner/H000448"]}],"F000268":[{"id":"P185_F000268","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wendell H. Ford — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Wendell H. Ford served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1999). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1999,"lastCongress":105}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000268","https://www.congress.gov/member/wendell-h-ford/F000268"]},{"id":"P200_F000268","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wendell H. Ford — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–105)","explanation":"Wendell H. Ford began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":105,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000268","https://www.congress.gov/member/wendell-h-ford/F000268"]}],"B000318":[{"id":"P185_B000318","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Anthony C. Beilenson — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Anthony C. Beilenson served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000318","https://www.congress.gov/member/anthony-c-beilenson/B000318"]},{"id":"P200_B000318","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Anthony C. Beilenson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–104)","explanation":"Anthony C. Beilenson began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000318","https://www.congress.gov/member/anthony-c-beilenson/B000318"]}],"P000009":[{"id":"P185_P000009","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Bob Packwood — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Bob Packwood served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000009","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-packwood/P000009"]},{"id":"P200_P000009","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Packwood — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–104)","explanation":"Bob Packwood began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000009","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-packwood/P000009"]}],"M000926":[{"id":"P185_M000926","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carlos J. Moorhead — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Carlos J. Moorhead served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000926","https://www.congress.gov/member/carlos-j-moorhead/M000926"]},{"id":"P200_M000926","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carlos J. Moorhead — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–104)","explanation":"Carlos J. Moorhead began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000926","https://www.congress.gov/member/carlos-j-moorhead/M000926"]}],"R000436":[{"id":"P185_R000436","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charlie Rose — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Charlie Rose served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000436","https://www.congress.gov/member/charlie-rose/R000436"]},{"id":"P200_R000436","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charlie Rose — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–104)","explanation":"Charlie Rose began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000436","https://www.congress.gov/member/charlie-rose/R000436"]}],"P000193":[{"id":"P185_P000193","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Claiborne Pell — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Claiborne Pell served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000193","https://www.congress.gov/member/claiborne-pell/P000193"]},{"id":"P200_P000193","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Claiborne Pell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–104)","explanation":"Claiborne Pell began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000193","https://www.congress.gov/member/claiborne-pell/P000193"]}],"M000865":[{"id":"P185_M000865","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000865","https://www.congress.gov/member/g-v-sonny-montgomery/M000865"]},{"id":"P200_M000865","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–104)","explanation":"G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000865","https://www.congress.gov/member/g-v-sonny-montgomery/M000865"]}],"S001040":[{"id":"P185_S001040","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gerry E. Studds — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Gerry E. Studds served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001040","https://www.congress.gov/member/gerry-e-studds/S001040"]},{"id":"P200_S001040","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gerry E. Studds — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–104)","explanation":"Gerry E. Studds began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001040","https://www.congress.gov/member/gerry-e-studds/S001040"]}],"F000261":[{"id":"P185_F000261","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold E. Ford — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Harold E. Ford served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000261","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-e-ford/F000261"]},{"id":"P195_F000261","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold E. Ford — DW-NOMINATE -0.44 vs TN delegation mean 0.25 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Harold E. Ford's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.44) is 1.8 standard deviations from the TN delegation mean (0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TN","memberScore":-0.438,"delegationMean":0.24897560975609762,"zscore":"1.75"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_F000261","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold E. Ford — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–104)","explanation":"Harold E. Ford began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000261","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-e-ford/F000261"]}],"V000112":[{"id":"P185_V000112","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold L. Volkmer — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Harold L. Volkmer served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000112","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-l-volkmer/V000112"]},{"id":"P200_V000112","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold L. Volkmer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–104)","explanation":"Harold L. Volkmer began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000112","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-l-volkmer/V000112"]}],"J000189":[{"id":"P185_J000189","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"J. Bennett Johnston — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"J. Bennett Johnston served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000189","https://www.congress.gov/member/j-bennett-johnston/J000189"]},{"id":"P200_J000189","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Bennett Johnston — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–104)","explanation":"J. Bennett Johnston began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000189","https://www.congress.gov/member/j-bennett-johnston/J000189"]}],"J000033":[{"id":"P185_J000033","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000033","https://www.congress.gov/member/jacobs-andrew-jr-/J000033"]},{"id":"P200_J000033","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–104)","explanation":"Jacobs, Andrew, Jr. began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000033","https://www.congress.gov/member/jacobs-andrew-jr-/J000033"]}],"Q000013":[{"id":"P185_Q000013","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James H. (Jimmy) Quillen — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"James H. (Jimmy) Quillen served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Q000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-h-jimmy-quillen/Q000013"]},{"id":"P200_Q000013","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James H. (Jimmy) Quillen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–104)","explanation":"James H. (Jimmy) Quillen began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Q000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-h-jimmy-quillen/Q000013"]}],"M001130":[{"id":"P185_M001130","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John T. Myers — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"John T. Myers served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001130","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-t-myers/M001130"]},{"id":"P200_M001130","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John T. Myers — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–104)","explanation":"John T. Myers began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001130","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-t-myers/M001130"]}],"P000513":[{"id":"P185_P000513","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Larry Pressler — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Larry Pressler served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000513","https://www.congress.gov/member/larry-pressler/P000513"]},{"id":"P200_P000513","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Larry Pressler — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–104)","explanation":"Larry Pressler began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000513","https://www.congress.gov/member/larry-pressler/P000513"]}],"H000343":[{"id":"P185_H000343","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mark O. Hatfield — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Mark O. Hatfield served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000343","https://www.congress.gov/member/mark-o-hatfield/H000343"]},{"id":"P200_H000343","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark O. Hatfield — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–104)","explanation":"Mark O. Hatfield began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000343","https://www.congress.gov/member/mark-o-hatfield/H000343"]}],"S000142":[{"id":"P185_S000142","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patricia Schroeder — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Patricia Schroeder served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000142","https://www.congress.gov/member/patricia-schroeder/S000142"]},{"id":"P200_S000142","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patricia Schroeder — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–104)","explanation":"Patricia Schroeder began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000142","https://www.congress.gov/member/patricia-schroeder/S000142"]}],"D000401":[{"id":"P185_D000401","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert J. Dole — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Robert J. Dole served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-j-dole/D000401"]},{"id":"P200_D000401","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert J. Dole — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–104)","explanation":"Robert J. Dole began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-j-dole/D000401"]}],"W000068":[{"id":"P185_W000068","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert S. Walker — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Robert S. Walker served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000068","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-s-walker/W000068"]},{"id":"P195_W000068","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert S. Walker — DW-NOMINATE 0.58 vs PA delegation mean 0.01 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Robert S. Walker's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.58) is 1.6 standard deviations from the PA delegation mean (0.01). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PA","memberScore":0.581,"delegationMean":0.013452380952380962,"zscore":"1.62"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_W000068","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert S. Walker — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–104)","explanation":"Robert S. Walker began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000068","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-s-walker/W000068"]}],"B000431":[{"id":"P185_B000431","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Bevill — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Tom Bevill served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000431","https://www.congress.gov/member/tom-bevill/B000431"]},{"id":"P200_B000431","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Bevill — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–104)","explanation":"Tom Bevill began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000431","https://www.congress.gov/member/tom-bevill/B000431"]}],"C000598":[{"id":"P185_C000598","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William S. Cohen — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"William S. Cohen served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1997). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1997,"lastCongress":104}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000598","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-s-cohen/C000598"]},{"id":"P200_C000598","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William S. Cohen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–104)","explanation":"William S. Cohen began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000598","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-s-cohen/C000598"]}],"D000267":[{"id":"P185_D000267","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Butler C. Derrick — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Butler C. Derrick served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000267","https://www.congress.gov/member/butler-c-derrick/D000267"]},{"id":"P195_D000267","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Butler C. Derrick — DW-NOMINATE -0.21 vs SC delegation mean 0.38 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Butler C. Derrick's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.21) is 1.6 standard deviations from the SC delegation mean (0.38). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"SC","memberScore":-0.215,"delegationMean":0.37596153846153846,"zscore":"1.58"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_D000267","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Butler C. Derrick — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"Butler C. Derrick began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000267","https://www.congress.gov/member/butler-c-derrick/D000267"]}],"R000458":[{"id":"P185_R000458","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Dan Rostenkowski — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Dan Rostenkowski served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000458","https://www.congress.gov/member/dan-rostenkowski/R000458"]},{"id":"P200_R000458","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Rostenkowski — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–103)","explanation":"Dan Rostenkowski began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000458","https://www.congress.gov/member/dan-rostenkowski/R000458"]}],"F000141":[{"id":"P185_F000141","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Fish, Hamilton, Jr. — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Fish, Hamilton, Jr. served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000141","https://www.congress.gov/member/fish-hamilton-jr-/F000141"]},{"id":"P200_F000141","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Fish, Hamilton, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–103)","explanation":"Fish, Hamilton, Jr. began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000141","https://www.congress.gov/member/fish-hamilton-jr-/F000141"]}],"E000184":[{"id":"P185_E000184","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn English — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Glenn English served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000184","https://www.congress.gov/member/glenn-english/E000184"]},{"id":"P200_E000184","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn English — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"Glenn English began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000184","https://www.congress.gov/member/glenn-english/E000184"]}],"M000678":[{"id":"P185_M000678","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard M. Metzenbaum — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Howard M. Metzenbaum served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000678","https://www.congress.gov/member/howard-m-metzenbaum/M000678"]},{"id":"P200_M000678","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard M. Metzenbaum — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–103)","explanation":"Howard M. Metzenbaum began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000678","https://www.congress.gov/member/howard-m-metzenbaum/M000678"]}],"W000428":[{"id":"P185_W000428","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jamie L. Whitten — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Jamie L. Whitten served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000428","https://www.congress.gov/member/jamie-l-whitten/W000428"]},{"id":"P200_W000428","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jamie L. Whitten — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–103)","explanation":"Jamie L. Whitten began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000428","https://www.congress.gov/member/jamie-l-whitten/W000428"]}],"A000224":[{"id":"P185_A000224","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Les Aspin — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Les Aspin served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000224","https://www.congress.gov/member/les-aspin/A000224"]},{"id":"P200_A000224","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Les Aspin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–103)","explanation":"Les Aspin began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000224","https://www.congress.gov/member/les-aspin/A000224"]}],"B000401":[{"id":"P185_B000401","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lloyd M. Bentsen — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Lloyd M. Bentsen served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/lloyd-m-bentsen/B000401"]},{"id":"P200_B000401","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lloyd M. Bentsen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–103)","explanation":"Lloyd M. Bentsen began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/lloyd-m-bentsen/B000401"]}],"L000381":[{"id":"P185_L000381","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marilyn Lloyd — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Marilyn Lloyd served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000381","https://www.congress.gov/member/marilyn-lloyd/L000381"]},{"id":"P200_L000381","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marilyn Lloyd — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"Marilyn Lloyd began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000381","https://www.congress.gov/member/marilyn-lloyd/L000381"]}],"S000596":[{"id":"P185_S000596","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Neal Edward Smith — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Neal Edward Smith served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000596","https://www.congress.gov/member/neal-edward-smith/S000596"]},{"id":"P200_S000596","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Neal Edward Smith — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–103)","explanation":"Neal Edward Smith began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000596","https://www.congress.gov/member/neal-edward-smith/S000596"]}],"S000294":[{"id":"P185_S000294","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Philip R. Sharp — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Philip R. Sharp served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000294","https://www.congress.gov/member/philip-r-sharp/S000294"]},{"id":"P200_S000294","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Philip R. Sharp — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"Philip R. Sharp began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000294","https://www.congress.gov/member/philip-r-sharp/S000294"]}],"R000249":[{"id":"P185_R000249","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Riegle, Donald W., Jr. — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Riegle, Donald W., Jr. served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000249","https://www.congress.gov/member/riegle-donald-w-jr-/R000249"]},{"id":"P200_R000249","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Riegle, Donald W., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–103)","explanation":"Riegle, Donald W., Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000249","https://www.congress.gov/member/riegle-donald-w-jr-/R000249"]}],"M000692":[{"id":"P185_M000692","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Robert H. Michel — served 19 Congresses (~38 years)","explanation":"Robert H. Michel served 19 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 38 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":19,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000692","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-h-michel/M000692"]},{"id":"P200_M000692","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert H. Michel — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–103)","explanation":"Robert H. Michel began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":19}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000692","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-h-michel/M000692"]}],"M000291":[{"id":"P185_M000291","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Romano L. Mazzoli — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Romano L. Mazzoli served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000291","https://www.congress.gov/member/romano-l-mazzoli/M000291"]},{"id":"P200_M000291","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Romano L. Mazzoli — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–103)","explanation":"Romano L. Mazzoli began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000291","https://www.congress.gov/member/romano-l-mazzoli/M000291"]}],"D000209":[{"id":"P185_D000209","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron de Lugo — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Ron de Lugo served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000209","https://www.congress.gov/member/ron-de-lugo/D000209"]},{"id":"P200_D000209","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron de Lugo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–103)","explanation":"Ron de Lugo began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000209","https://www.congress.gov/member/ron-de-lugo/D000209"]}],"N000016":[{"id":"P185_N000016","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen L. Neal — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Stephen L. Neal served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000016","https://www.congress.gov/member/stephen-l-neal/N000016"]},{"id":"P200_N000016","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephen L. Neal — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"Stephen L. Neal began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000016","https://www.congress.gov/member/stephen-l-neal/N000016"]}],"F000239":[{"id":"P185_F000239","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas S. Foley — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Thomas S. Foley served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000239","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-s-foley/F000239"]},{"id":"P200_F000239","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas S. Foley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–103)","explanation":"Thomas S. Foley began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000239","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-s-foley/F000239"]}],"F000270":[{"id":"P185_F000270","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William D. Ford — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"William D. Ford served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000270","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-d-ford/F000270"]},{"id":"P200_F000270","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William D. Ford — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–103)","explanation":"William D. Ford began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000270","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-d-ford/F000270"]}],"N000009":[{"id":"P185_N000009","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"William H. Natcher — served 21 Congresses (~42 years)","explanation":"William H. Natcher served 21 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 42 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":21,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000009","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-h-natcher/N000009"]},{"id":"P200_N000009","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William H. Natcher — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–103)","explanation":"William H. Natcher began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":21}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000009","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-h-natcher/N000009"]}],"H000930":[{"id":"P185_H000930","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William J. Hughes — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"William J. Hughes served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1995). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1995,"lastCongress":103}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000930","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-j-hughes/H000930"]},{"id":"P200_H000930","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William J. Hughes — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"William J. Hughes began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000930","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-j-hughes/H000930"]}],"C000877":[{"id":"P185_C000877","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Cranston — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Alan Cranston served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000877","https://www.congress.gov/member/alan-cranston/C000877"]},{"id":"P200_C000877","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Cranston — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–102)","explanation":"Alan Cranston began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000877","https://www.congress.gov/member/alan-cranston/C000877"]}],"A000031":[{"id":"P185_A000031","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brock Adams — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Brock Adams served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000031","https://www.congress.gov/member/brock-adams/A000031"]},{"id":"P200_A000031","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brock Adams — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–102)","explanation":"Brock Adams began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000031","https://www.congress.gov/member/brock-adams/A000031"]}],"M000041":[{"id":"P185_M000041","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward R. Madigan — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Edward R. Madigan served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000041","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-r-madigan/M000041"]},{"id":"P200_M000041","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward R. Madigan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–102)","explanation":"Edward R. Madigan began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000041","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-r-madigan/M000041"]}],"S000124":[{"id":"P185_S000124","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James H. Scheuer — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"James H. Scheuer served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000124","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-h-scheuer/S000124"]},{"id":"P200_S000124","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James H. Scheuer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–102)","explanation":"James H. Scheuer began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000124","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-h-scheuer/S000124"]}],"H000124":[{"id":"P185_H000124","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John P. Hammerschmidt — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"John P. Hammerschmidt served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000124","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-p-hammerschmidt/H000124"]},{"id":"P200_H000124","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John P. Hammerschmidt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–102)","explanation":"John P. Hammerschmidt began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000124","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-p-hammerschmidt/H000124"]}],"R000262":[{"id":"P185_R000262","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Matthew J. Rinaldo — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Matthew J. Rinaldo served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000262","https://www.congress.gov/member/matthew-j-rinaldo/R000262"]},{"id":"P200_R000262","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Matthew J. Rinaldo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–102)","explanation":"Matthew J. Rinaldo began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000262","https://www.congress.gov/member/matthew-j-rinaldo/R000262"]}],"U000001":[{"id":"P185_U000001","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Morris K. Udall — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Morris K. Udall served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/U000001","https://www.congress.gov/member/morris-k-udall/U000001"]},{"id":"P200_U000001","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Morris K. Udall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–102)","explanation":"Morris K. Udall began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/U000001","https://www.congress.gov/member/morris-k-udall/U000001"]}],"B001077":[{"id":"P185_B001077","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Quentin N. Burdick — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"Quentin N. Burdick served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001077","https://www.congress.gov/member/quentin-n-burdick/B001077"]},{"id":"P200_B001077","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Quentin N. Burdick — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–102)","explanation":"Quentin N. Burdick began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001077","https://www.congress.gov/member/quentin-n-burdick/B001077"]}],"C000709":[{"id":"P185_C000709","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Silvio O. Conte — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"Silvio O. Conte served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000709","https://www.congress.gov/member/silvio-o-conte/C000709"]},{"id":"P195_C000709","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Silvio O. Conte — DW-NOMINATE -0.02 vs MA delegation mean -0.36 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Silvio O. Conte's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.02) is 1.7 standard deviations from the MA delegation mean (-0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MA","memberScore":-0.023,"delegationMean":-0.3643142857142857,"zscore":"1.71"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_C000709","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Silvio O. Conte — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–102)","explanation":"Silvio O. Conte began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000709","https://www.congress.gov/member/silvio-o-conte/C000709"]}],"S001138":[{"id":"P185_S001138","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steven D. Symms — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Steven D. Symms served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001138","https://www.congress.gov/member/steven-d-symms/S001138"]},{"id":"P200_S001138","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steven D. Symms — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–102)","explanation":"Steven D. Symms began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001138","https://www.congress.gov/member/steven-d-symms/S001138"]}],"J000256":[{"id":"P185_J000256","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Walter B. Jones — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Walter B. Jones served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000256","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-b-jones/J000256"]},{"id":"P200_J000256","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter B. Jones — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–102)","explanation":"Walter B. Jones began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000256","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-b-jones/J000256"]}],"D000326":[{"id":"P185_D000326","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William L. Dickinson — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"William L. Dickinson served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000326","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-l-dickinson/D000326"]},{"id":"P200_D000326","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William L. Dickinson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–102)","explanation":"William L. Dickinson began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000326","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-l-dickinson/D000326"]}],"B000890":[{"id":"P185_B000890","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"William S. Broomfield — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"William S. Broomfield served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1993). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1993,"lastCongress":102}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000890","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-s-broomfield/B000890"]},{"id":"P200_B000890","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William S. Broomfield — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–102)","explanation":"William S. Broomfield began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000890","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-s-broomfield/B000890"]}],"P000218":[{"id":"P185_P000218","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Claude Pepper — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Claude Pepper served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1991). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1991,"lastCongress":101}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000218","https://www.congress.gov/member/claude-pepper/P000218"]},{"id":"P195_P000218","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Claude Pepper — DW-NOMINATE -0.42 vs FL delegation mean 0.19 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Claude Pepper's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.42) is 1.5 standard deviations from the FL delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"FL","memberScore":-0.422,"delegationMean":0.1853981481481482,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_P000218","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Claude Pepper — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–101)","explanation":"Claude Pepper began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000218","https://www.congress.gov/member/claude-pepper/P000218"]}],"K000020":[{"id":"P185_K000020","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert W. Kastenmeier — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Robert W. Kastenmeier served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1991). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1991,"lastCongress":101}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000020","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-w-kastenmeier/K000020"]},{"id":"P200_K000020","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert W. Kastenmeier — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–101)","explanation":"Robert W. Kastenmeier began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000020","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-w-kastenmeier/K000020"]}],"M000250":[{"id":"P185_M000250","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Spark M. Matsunaga — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Spark M. Matsunaga served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1991). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1991,"lastCongress":101}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000250","https://www.congress.gov/member/spark-m-matsunaga/M000250"]},{"id":"P200_M000250","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Spark M. Matsunaga — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–101)","explanation":"Spark M. Matsunaga began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000250","https://www.congress.gov/member/spark-m-matsunaga/M000250"]}],"F000046":[{"id":"P185_F000046","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter E. Fauntroy — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Walter E. Fauntroy served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1991). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1991,"lastCongress":101}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000046","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-e-fauntroy/F000046"]},{"id":"P200_F000046","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter E. Fauntroy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–101)","explanation":"Walter E. Fauntroy began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000046","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-e-fauntroy/F000046"]}],"W000763":[{"id":"P185_W000763","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Wright, James C., Jr. — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Wright, James C., Jr. served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1991). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1991,"lastCongress":101}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000763","https://www.congress.gov/member/wright-james-c-jr-/W000763"]},{"id":"P200_W000763","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wright, James C., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–101)","explanation":"Wright, James C., Jr. began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000763","https://www.congress.gov/member/wright-james-c-jr-/W000763"]}],"N000095":[{"id":"P185_N000095","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Nichols — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Bill Nichols served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000095","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-nichols/N000095"]},{"id":"P200_N000095","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Nichols — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–100)","explanation":"Bill Nichols began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000095","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-nichols/N000095"]}],"C000321":[{"id":"P185_C000321","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chappell, Bill, Jr. — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Chappell, Bill, Jr. served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000321","https://www.congress.gov/member/chappell-bill-jr-/C000321"]},{"id":"P200_C000321","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chappell, Bill, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–100)","explanation":"Chappell, Bill, Jr. began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000321","https://www.congress.gov/member/chappell-bill-jr-/C000321"]}],"L000116":[{"id":"P185_L000116","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Delbert L. Latta — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Delbert L. Latta served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000116","https://www.congress.gov/member/delbert-l-latta/L000116"]},{"id":"P200_L000116","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Delbert L. Latta — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–100)","explanation":"Delbert L. Latta began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000116","https://www.congress.gov/member/delbert-l-latta/L000116"]}],"J000216":[{"id":"P185_J000216","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ed Jones — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Ed Jones served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000216","https://www.congress.gov/member/ed-jones/J000216"]},{"id":"P200_J000216","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ed Jones — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–100)","explanation":"Ed Jones began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000216","https://www.congress.gov/member/ed-jones/J000216"]}],"B000600":[{"id":"P185_B000600","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Edward P. Boland — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Edward P. Boland served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000600","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-p-boland/B000600"]},{"id":"P200_B000600","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward P. Boland — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–100)","explanation":"Edward P. Boland began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000600","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-p-boland/B000600"]}],"S000762":[{"id":"P185_S000762","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Fernand J. St Germain — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Fernand J. St Germain served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000762","https://www.congress.gov/member/fernand-j-st-germain/S000762"]},{"id":"P200_S000762","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Fernand J. St Germain — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–100)","explanation":"Fernand J. St Germain began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000762","https://www.congress.gov/member/fernand-j-st-germain/S000762"]}],"S000852":[{"id":"P185_S000852","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"John C. Stennis — served 21 Congresses (~42 years)","explanation":"John C. Stennis served 21 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 42 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":21,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000852","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-c-stennis/S000852"]},{"id":"P200_S000852","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John C. Stennis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–100)","explanation":"John C. Stennis began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":21}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000852","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-c-stennis/S000852"]}],"D000534":[{"id":"P185_D000534","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Duncan — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"John J. Duncan served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000534","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-duncan/D000534"]},{"id":"P200_D000534","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Duncan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–100)","explanation":"John J. Duncan began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000534","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-duncan/D000534"]}],"M000635":[{"id":"P185_M000635","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Melcher — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"John Melcher served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000635","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-melcher/M000635"]},{"id":"P200_M000635","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Melcher — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–100)","explanation":"John Melcher began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000635","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-melcher/M000635"]}],"G000400":[{"id":"P185_G000400","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kenneth J. Gray — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Kenneth J. Gray served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000400","https://www.congress.gov/member/kenneth-j-gray/G000400"]},{"id":"P200_G000400","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kenneth J. Gray — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–100)","explanation":"Kenneth J. Gray began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000400","https://www.congress.gov/member/kenneth-j-gray/G000400"]}],"L000506":[{"id":"P185_L000506","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lujan, Manuel, Jr. — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Lujan, Manuel, Jr. served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000506","https://www.congress.gov/member/lujan-manuel-jr-/L000506"]},{"id":"P200_L000506","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lujan, Manuel, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–100)","explanation":"Lujan, Manuel, Jr. began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000506","https://www.congress.gov/member/lujan-manuel-jr-/L000506"]}],"P000522":[{"id":"P185_P000522","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Melvin Price — served 21 Congresses (~42 years)","explanation":"Melvin Price served 21 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 42 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":21,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000522","https://www.congress.gov/member/melvin-price/P000522"]},{"id":"P200_P000522","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Melvin Price — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–100)","explanation":"Melvin Price began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":21}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000522","https://www.congress.gov/member/melvin-price/P000522"]}],"S000776":[{"id":"P185_S000776","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert T. Stafford — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Robert T. Stafford served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000776","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-t-stafford/S000776"]},{"id":"P200_S000776","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert T. Stafford — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–100)","explanation":"Robert T. Stafford began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000776","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-t-stafford/S000776"]}],"R000374":[{"id":"P185_R000374","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Rodino, Peter W., Jr. — served 20 Congresses (~40 years)","explanation":"Rodino, Peter W., Jr. served 20 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 40 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":20,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000374","https://www.congress.gov/member/rodino-peter-w-jr-/R000374"]},{"id":"P200_R000374","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rodino, Peter W., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–100)","explanation":"Rodino, Peter W., Jr. began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":20}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000374","https://www.congress.gov/member/rodino-peter-w-jr-/R000374"]}],"D000038":[{"id":"P185_D000038","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"W. C. (Dan) Daniel — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"W. C. (Dan) Daniel served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000038","https://www.congress.gov/member/w-c-dan-daniel/D000038"]},{"id":"P200_D000038","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"W. C. (Dan) Daniel — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–100)","explanation":"W. C. (Dan) Daniel began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000038","https://www.congress.gov/member/w-c-dan-daniel/D000038"]}],"P000553":[{"id":"P185_P000553","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William Proxmire — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"William Proxmire served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1989). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1989,"lastCongress":100}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000553","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-proxmire/P000553"]},{"id":"P195_P000553","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Proxmire — DW-NOMINATE -0.60 vs WI delegation mean 0.09 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"William Proxmire's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.60) is 1.5 standard deviations from the WI delegation mean (0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"WI","memberScore":-0.598,"delegationMean":0.08637142857142856,"zscore":"1.53"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_P000553","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Proxmire — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–100)","explanation":"William Proxmire began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000553","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-proxmire/P000553"]}],"G000267":[{"id":"P185_G000267","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Barry Goldwater — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Barry Goldwater served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000267","https://www.congress.gov/member/barry-goldwater/G000267"]},{"id":"P200_G000267","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barry Goldwater — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–99)","explanation":"Barry Goldwater began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000267","https://www.congress.gov/member/barry-goldwater/G000267"]}],"F000430":[{"id":"P185_F000430","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Fuqua — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Don Fuqua served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000430","https://www.congress.gov/member/don-fuqua/F000430"]},{"id":"P200_F000430","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Fuqua — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–99)","explanation":"Don Fuqua began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000430","https://www.congress.gov/member/don-fuqua/F000430"]}],"B000966":[{"id":"P185_B000966","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James T. Broyhill — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"James T. Broyhill served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000966","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-t-broyhill/B000966"]},{"id":"P200_B000966","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James T. Broyhill — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–99)","explanation":"James T. Broyhill began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000966","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-t-broyhill/B000966"]}],"A000052":[{"id":"P185_A000052","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joseph P. Addabbo — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Joseph P. Addabbo served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000052","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-p-addabbo/A000052"]},{"id":"P200_A000052","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph P. Addabbo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–99)","explanation":"Joseph P. Addabbo began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000052","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-p-addabbo/A000052"]}],"S000669":[{"id":"P185_S000669","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"M. G. (Gene) Snyder — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"M. G. (Gene) Snyder served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000669","https://www.congress.gov/member/m-g-gene-snyder/S000669"]},{"id":"P200_S000669","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"M. G. (Gene) Snyder — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–99)","explanation":"M. G. (Gene) Snyder began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000669","https://www.congress.gov/member/m-g-gene-snyder/S000669"]}],"A000208":[{"id":"P185_A000208","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Andrews — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Mark Andrews served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000208","https://www.congress.gov/member/mark-andrews/A000208"]},{"id":"P200_A000208","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark Andrews — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–99)","explanation":"Mark Andrews began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000208","https://www.congress.gov/member/mark-andrews/A000208"]}],"M000241":[{"id":"P185_M000241","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mathias, Charles McC., Jr. — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Mathias, Charles McC., Jr. served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000241","https://www.congress.gov/member/mathias-charles-mcc-jr-/M000241"]},{"id":"P200_M000241","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mathias, Charles McC., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–99)","explanation":"Mathias, Charles McC., Jr. began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000241","https://www.congress.gov/member/mathias-charles-mcc-jr-/M000241"]}],"O000098":[{"id":"P185_O000098","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"O'Neill, Thomas P., Jr. — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"O'Neill, Thomas P., Jr. served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000098","https://www.congress.gov/member/o-neill-thomas-p-jr-/O000098"]},{"id":"P200_O000098","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"O'Neill, Thomas P., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–99)","explanation":"O'Neill, Thomas P., Jr. began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000098","https://www.congress.gov/member/o-neill-thomas-p-jr-/O000098"]}],"E000004":[{"id":"P185_E000004","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas F. Eagleton — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Thomas F. Eagleton served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1987). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1987,"lastCongress":99}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000004","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-f-eagleton/E000004"]},{"id":"P200_E000004","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas F. Eagleton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–99)","explanation":"Thomas F. Eagleton began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000004","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-f-eagleton/E000004"]}],"L000413":[{"id":"P185_L000413","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clarence D. Long — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Clarence D. Long served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000413","https://www.congress.gov/member/clarence-d-long/L000413"]},{"id":"P200_L000413","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clarence D. Long — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–98)","explanation":"Clarence D. Long began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000413","https://www.congress.gov/member/clarence-d-long/L000413"]}],"Z000001":[{"id":"P185_Z000001","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Clement J. Zablocki — served 18 Congresses (~36 years)","explanation":"Clement J. Zablocki served 18 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 36 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":18,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Z000001","https://www.congress.gov/member/clement-j-zablocki/Z000001"]},{"id":"P200_Z000001","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clement J. Zablocki — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–98)","explanation":"Clement J. Zablocki began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":18}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Z000001","https://www.congress.gov/member/clement-j-zablocki/Z000001"]}],"C000666":[{"id":"P185_C000666","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Conable, Barber B., Jr. — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Conable, Barber B., Jr. served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000666","https://www.congress.gov/member/conable-barber-b-jr-/C000666"]},{"id":"P200_C000666","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Conable, Barber B., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–98)","explanation":"Conable, Barber B., Jr. began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000666","https://www.congress.gov/member/conable-barber-b-jr-/C000666"]}],"J000013":[{"id":"P185_J000013","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"HIGH","headline":"Henry M. Jackson — served 19 Congresses (~38 years)","explanation":"Henry M. Jackson served 19 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 38 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":19,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-m-jackson/J000013"]},{"id":"P200_J000013","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry M. Jackson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–98)","explanation":"Henry M. Jackson began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":19}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-m-jackson/J000013"]}],"E000084":[{"id":"P185_E000084","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Edwards — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Jack Edwards served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000084","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-edwards/E000084"]},{"id":"P200_E000084","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Edwards — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–98)","explanation":"Jack Edwards began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000084","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-edwards/E000084"]}],"R000046":[{"id":"P185_R000046","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jennings Randolph — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Jennings Randolph served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000046","https://www.congress.gov/member/jennings-randolph/R000046"]},{"id":"P200_R000046","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jennings Randolph — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–98)","explanation":"Jennings Randolph began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000046","https://www.congress.gov/member/jennings-randolph/R000046"]}],"T000322":[{"id":"P185_T000322","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John G. Tower — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"John G. Tower served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000322","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-g-tower/T000322"]},{"id":"P200_T000322","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John G. Tower — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–98)","explanation":"John G. Tower began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000322","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-g-tower/T000322"]}],"E000204":[{"id":"P185_E000204","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John N. Erlenborn — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"John N. Erlenborn served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000204","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-n-erlenborn/E000204"]},{"id":"P200_E000204","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John N. Erlenborn — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–98)","explanation":"John N. Erlenborn began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000204","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-n-erlenborn/E000204"]}],"M000796":[{"id":"P185_M000796","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph G. Minish — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Joseph G. Minish served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000796","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-g-minish/M000796"]},{"id":"P200_M000796","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph G. Minish — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–98)","explanation":"Joseph G. Minish began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000796","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-g-minish/M000796"]}],"B001156":[{"id":"P185_B001156","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Phillip Burton — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Phillip Burton served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1985). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1985,"lastCongress":98}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001156","https://www.congress.gov/member/phillip-burton/B001156"]},{"id":"P200_B001156","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Phillip Burton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–98)","explanation":"Phillip Burton began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001156","https://www.congress.gov/member/phillip-burton/B001156"]}],"R000442":[{"id":"P185_R000442","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Benjamin S. Rosenthal — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Benjamin S. Rosenthal served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000442","https://www.congress.gov/member/benjamin-s-rosenthal/R000442"]},{"id":"P200_R000442","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Benjamin S. Rosenthal — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–97)","explanation":"Benjamin S. Rosenthal began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000442","https://www.congress.gov/member/benjamin-s-rosenthal/R000442"]}],"C000475":[{"id":"P185_C000475","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don H. Clausen — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Don H. Clausen served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000475","https://www.congress.gov/member/don-h-clausen/C000475"]},{"id":"P200_C000475","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don H. Clausen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–97)","explanation":"Don H. Clausen began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000475","https://www.congress.gov/member/don-h-clausen/C000475"]}],"D000269":[{"id":"P185_D000269","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward J. Derwinski — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Edward J. Derwinski served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000269","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-j-derwinski/D000269"]},{"id":"P200_D000269","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward J. Derwinski — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–97)","explanation":"Edward J. Derwinski began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000269","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-j-derwinski/D000269"]}],"R000165":[{"id":"P185_R000165","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Henry S. Reuss — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Henry S. Reuss served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000165","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-s-reuss/R000165"]},{"id":"P200_R000165","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry S. Reuss — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–97)","explanation":"Henry S. Reuss began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000165","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-s-reuss/R000165"]}],"C000120":[{"id":"P185_C000120","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard W. Cannon — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Howard W. Cannon served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000120","https://www.congress.gov/member/howard-w-cannon/C000120"]},{"id":"P200_C000120","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard W. Cannon — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–97)","explanation":"Howard W. Cannon began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000120","https://www.congress.gov/member/howard-w-cannon/C000120"]}],"R000188":[{"id":"P185_R000188","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John J. Rhodes — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"John J. Rhodes served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000188","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-rhodes/R000188"]},{"id":"P200_R000188","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Rhodes — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–97)","explanation":"John J. Rhodes began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000188","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-rhodes/R000188"]}],"A000221":[{"id":"P185_A000221","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John M. Ashbrook — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John M. Ashbrook served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000221","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-m-ashbrook/A000221"]},{"id":"P200_A000221","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John M. Ashbrook — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–97)","explanation":"John M. Ashbrook began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000221","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-m-ashbrook/A000221"]}],"F000319":[{"id":"P185_F000319","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"L. H. Fountain — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"L. H. Fountain served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000319","https://www.congress.gov/member/l-h-fountain/F000319"]},{"id":"P200_F000319","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"L. H. Fountain — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–97)","explanation":"L. H. Fountain began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000319","https://www.congress.gov/member/l-h-fountain/F000319"]}],"F000123":[{"id":"P185_F000123","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul Findley — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Paul Findley served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000123","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-findley/F000123"]},{"id":"P200_F000123","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul Findley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–97)","explanation":"Paul Findley began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000123","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-findley/F000123"]}],"B000605":[{"id":"P185_B000605","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Bolling — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"Richard Bolling served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000605","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-bolling/B000605"]},{"id":"P200_B000605","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Bolling — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–97)","explanation":"Richard Bolling began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000605","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-bolling/B000605"]}],"M000340":[{"id":"P185_M000340","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert McClory — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Robert McClory served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000340","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-mcclory/M000340"]},{"id":"P200_M000340","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert McClory — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–97)","explanation":"Robert McClory began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000340","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-mcclory/M000340"]}],"W000502":[{"id":"P185_W000502","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Williams, Harrison A., Jr. — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Williams, Harrison A., Jr. served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1983). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1983,"lastCongress":97}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000502","https://www.congress.gov/member/williams-harrison-a-jr-/W000502"]},{"id":"P200_W000502","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Williams, Harrison A., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–97)","explanation":"Williams, Harrison A., Jr. began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000502","https://www.congress.gov/member/williams-harrison-a-jr-/W000502"]}],"R000191":[{"id":"P185_R000191","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Abraham A. Ribicoff — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Abraham A. Ribicoff served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000191","https://www.congress.gov/member/abraham-a-ribicoff/R000191"]},{"id":"P200_R000191","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Abraham A. Ribicoff — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–96)","explanation":"Abraham A. Ribicoff began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000191","https://www.congress.gov/member/abraham-a-ribicoff/R000191"]}],"U000004":[{"id":"P185_U000004","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Al Ullman — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Al Ullman served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/U000004","https://www.congress.gov/member/al-ullman/U000004"]},{"id":"P200_U000004","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Al Ullman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–96)","explanation":"Al Ullman began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/U000004","https://www.congress.gov/member/al-ullman/U000004"]}],"V000047":[{"id":"P185_V000047","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Charles A. Vanik — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Charles A. Vanik served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000047","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-a-vanik/V000047"]},{"id":"P200_V000047","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles A. Vanik — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–96)","explanation":"Charles A. Vanik began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000047","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-a-vanik/V000047"]}],"F000209":[{"id":"P185_F000209","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Daniel J. Flood — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Daniel J. Flood served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000209","https://www.congress.gov/member/daniel-j-flood/F000209"]},{"id":"P200_F000209","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel J. Flood — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–96)","explanation":"Daniel J. Flood began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000209","https://www.congress.gov/member/daniel-j-flood/F000209"]}],"D000344":[{"id":"P185_D000344","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Diggs, Charles C., Jr. — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Diggs, Charles C., Jr. served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000344","https://www.congress.gov/member/diggs-charles-c-jr-/D000344"]},{"id":"P200_D000344","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Diggs, Charles C., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–96)","explanation":"Diggs, Charles C., Jr. began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000344","https://www.congress.gov/member/diggs-charles-c-jr-/D000344"]}],"M001121":[{"id":"P185_M001121","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edmund S. Muskie — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Edmund S. Muskie served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001121","https://www.congress.gov/member/edmund-s-muskie/M001121"]},{"id":"P200_M001121","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edmund S. Muskie — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–96)","explanation":"Edmund S. Muskie began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001121","https://www.congress.gov/member/edmund-s-muskie/M001121"]}],"C000388":[{"id":"P185_C000388","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Church — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Frank Church served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000388","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-church/C000388"]},{"id":"P200_C000388","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Church — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–96)","explanation":"Frank Church began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000388","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-church/C000388"]}],"M000452":[{"id":"P185_M000452","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"George McGovern — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"George McGovern served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000452","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-mcgovern/M000452"]},{"id":"P200_M000452","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George McGovern — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–96)","explanation":"George McGovern began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000452","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-mcgovern/M000452"]}],"S000778":[{"id":"P185_S000778","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harley O. Staggers — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Harley O. Staggers served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000778","https://www.congress.gov/member/harley-o-staggers/S000778"]},{"id":"P200_S000778","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harley O. Staggers — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–96)","explanation":"Harley O. Staggers began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000778","https://www.congress.gov/member/harley-o-staggers/S000778"]}],"J000135":[{"id":"P185_J000135","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold T. Johnson — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Harold T. Johnson served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000135","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-t-johnson/J000135"]},{"id":"P200_J000135","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold T. Johnson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–96)","explanation":"Harold T. Johnson began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000135","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-t-johnson/J000135"]}],"T000035":[{"id":"P185_T000035","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Herman E. Talmadge — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Herman E. Talmadge served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000035","https://www.congress.gov/member/herman-e-talmadge/T000035"]},{"id":"P200_T000035","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Herman E. Talmadge — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–96)","explanation":"Herman E. Talmadge began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000035","https://www.congress.gov/member/herman-e-talmadge/T000035"]}],"J000064":[{"id":"P185_J000064","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jacob K. Javits — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Jacob K. Javits served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000064","https://www.congress.gov/member/jacob-k-javits/J000064"]},{"id":"P200_J000064","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jacob K. Javits — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–96)","explanation":"Jacob K. Javits began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000064","https://www.congress.gov/member/jacob-k-javits/J000064"]}],"C000780":[{"id":"P185_C000780","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James C. Corman — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"James C. Corman served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000780","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-c-corman/C000780"]},{"id":"P200_C000780","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James C. Corman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–96)","explanation":"James C. Corman began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000780","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-c-corman/C000780"]}],"A000195":[{"id":"P185_A000195","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John B. Anderson — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"John B. Anderson served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000195","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-b-anderson/A000195"]},{"id":"P200_A000195","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John B. Anderson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–96)","explanation":"John B. Anderson began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000195","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-b-anderson/A000195"]}],"B000736":[{"id":"P185_B000736","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Brademas — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John Brademas served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000736","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-brademas/B000736"]},{"id":"P200_B000736","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Brademas — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–96)","explanation":"John Brademas began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000736","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-brademas/B000736"]}],"S000473":[{"id":"P185_S000473","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Slack — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John Slack served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000473","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-slack/S000473"]},{"id":"P200_S000473","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Slack — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–96)","explanation":"John Slack began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000473","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-slack/S000473"]}],"N000019":[{"id":"P185_N000019","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lucien N. Nedzi — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Lucien N. Nedzi served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000019","https://www.congress.gov/member/lucien-n-nedzi/N000019"]},{"id":"P200_N000019","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lucien N. Nedzi — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–96)","explanation":"Lucien N. Nedzi began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000019","https://www.congress.gov/member/lucien-n-nedzi/N000019"]}],"Y000047":[{"id":"P185_Y000047","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Milton R. Young — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"Milton R. Young served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000047","https://www.congress.gov/member/milton-r-young/Y000047"]},{"id":"P200_Y000047","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Milton R. Young — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–96)","explanation":"Milton R. Young began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000047","https://www.congress.gov/member/milton-r-young/Y000047"]}],"I000001":[{"id":"P185_I000001","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard H. Ichord — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Richard H. Ichord served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/I000001","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-h-ichord/I000001"]},{"id":"P200_I000001","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard H. Ichord — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–96)","explanation":"Richard H. Ichord began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/I000001","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-h-ichord/I000001"]}],"S000159":[{"id":"P185_S000159","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard S. Schweiker — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Richard S. Schweiker served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000159","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-s-schweiker/S000159"]},{"id":"P200_S000159","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard S. Schweiker — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–96)","explanation":"Richard S. Schweiker began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000159","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-s-schweiker/S000159"]}],"W000610":[{"id":"P185_W000610","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert C. Wilson — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Robert C. Wilson served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000610","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-c-wilson/W000610"]},{"id":"P200_W000610","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert C. Wilson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–96)","explanation":"Robert C. Wilson began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000610","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-c-wilson/W000610"]}],"G000151":[{"id":"P185_G000151","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert N. Giaimo — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Robert N. Giaimo served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000151","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-n-giaimo/G000151"]},{"id":"P200_G000151","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert N. Giaimo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–96)","explanation":"Robert N. Giaimo began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000151","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-n-giaimo/G000151"]}],"D000279":[{"id":"P185_D000279","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel L. Devine — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Samuel L. Devine served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000279","https://www.congress.gov/member/samuel-l-devine/D000279"]},{"id":"P200_D000279","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel L. Devine — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–96)","explanation":"Samuel L. Devine began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000279","https://www.congress.gov/member/samuel-l-devine/D000279"]}],"A000222":[{"id":"P185_A000222","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas L. Ashley — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Thomas L. Ashley served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000222","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-l-ashley/A000222"]},{"id":"P200_A000222","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas L. Ashley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–96)","explanation":"Thomas L. Ashley began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000222","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-l-ashley/A000222"]}],"T000200":[{"id":"P185_T000200","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thompson, Frank, Jr. — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Thompson, Frank, Jr. served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000200","https://www.congress.gov/member/thompson-frank-jr-/T000200"]},{"id":"P200_T000200","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thompson, Frank, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–96)","explanation":"Thompson, Frank, Jr. began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000200","https://www.congress.gov/member/thompson-frank-jr-/T000200"]}],"S000829":[{"id":"P185_S000829","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Tom Steed — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Tom Steed served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000829","https://www.congress.gov/member/tom-steed/S000829"]},{"id":"P200_S000829","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Steed — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–96)","explanation":"Tom Steed began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000829","https://www.congress.gov/member/tom-steed/S000829"]}],"M000053":[{"id":"P185_M000053","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Warren G. Magnuson — served 17 Congresses (~34 years)","explanation":"Warren G. Magnuson served 17 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 34 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":17,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000053","https://www.congress.gov/member/warren-g-magnuson/M000053"]},{"id":"P200_M000053","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Warren G. Magnuson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–96)","explanation":"Warren G. Magnuson began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":17}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000053","https://www.congress.gov/member/warren-g-magnuson/M000053"]}],"H000281":[{"id":"P185_H000281","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William H. Harsha — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"William H. Harsha served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000281","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-h-harsha/H000281"]},{"id":"P200_H000281","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William H. Harsha — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–96)","explanation":"William H. Harsha began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000281","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-h-harsha/H000281"]}],"M000930":[{"id":"P185_M000930","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William S. Moorhead — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"William S. Moorhead served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1981). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1981,"lastCongress":96}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000930","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-s-moorhead/M000930"]},{"id":"P200_M000930","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William S. Moorhead — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–96)","explanation":"William S. Moorhead began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000930","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-s-moorhead/M000930"]}],"Q000010":[{"id":"P185_Q000010","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Albert H. Quie — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Albert H. Quie served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Q000010","https://www.congress.gov/member/albert-h-quie/Q000010"]},{"id":"P200_Q000010","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Albert H. Quie — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–95)","explanation":"Albert H. Quie began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Q000010","https://www.congress.gov/member/albert-h-quie/Q000010"]}],"S000454":[{"id":"P185_S000454","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"B. F. Sisk — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"B. F. Sisk served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000454","https://www.congress.gov/member/b-f-sisk/S000454"]},{"id":"P200_S000454","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"B. F. Sisk — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–95)","explanation":"B. F. Sisk began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000454","https://www.congress.gov/member/b-f-sisk/S000454"]}],"C001006":[{"id":"P185_C001006","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carl T. Curtis — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Carl T. Curtis served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C001006","https://www.congress.gov/member/carl-t-curtis/C001006"]},{"id":"P200_C001006","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carl T. Curtis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"Carl T. Curtis began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C001006","https://www.congress.gov/member/carl-t-curtis/C001006"]}],"C000220":[{"id":"P185_C000220","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Clifford P. Case — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Clifford P. Case served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000220","https://www.congress.gov/member/clifford-p-case/C000220"]},{"id":"P200_C000220","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clifford P. Case — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"Clifford P. Case began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000220","https://www.congress.gov/member/clifford-p-case/C000220"]}],"C000263":[{"id":"P185_C000263","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Elford A. Cederberg — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Elford A. Cederberg served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000263","https://www.congress.gov/member/elford-a-cederberg/C000263"]},{"id":"P200_C000263","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elford A. Cederberg — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–95)","explanation":"Elford A. Cederberg began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000263","https://www.congress.gov/member/elford-a-cederberg/C000263"]}],"F000229":[{"id":"P185_F000229","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Flynt, John J., Jr. — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Flynt, John J., Jr. served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000229","https://www.congress.gov/member/flynt-john-j-jr-/F000229"]},{"id":"P200_F000229","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Flynt, John J., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–95)","explanation":"Flynt, John J., Jr. began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000229","https://www.congress.gov/member/flynt-john-j-jr-/F000229"]}],"S000367":[{"id":"P185_S000367","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"George E. Shipley — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"George E. Shipley served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000367","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-e-shipley/S000367"]},{"id":"P200_S000367","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George E. Shipley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–95)","explanation":"George E. Shipley began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000367","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-e-shipley/S000367"]}],"M000065":[{"id":"P185_M000065","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George H. Mahon — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"George H. Mahon served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000065","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-h-mahon/M000065"]},{"id":"P200_M000065","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George H. Mahon — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"George H. Mahon began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000065","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-h-mahon/M000065"]}],"H000953":[{"id":"P185_H000953","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hubert H. Humphrey — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Hubert H. Humphrey served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000953","https://www.congress.gov/member/hubert-h-humphrey/H000953"]},{"id":"P200_H000953","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hubert H. Humphrey — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–95)","explanation":"Hubert H. Humphrey began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000953","https://www.congress.gov/member/hubert-h-humphrey/H000953"]}],"B001092":[{"id":"P185_B001092","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. Burke — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"James A. Burke served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001092","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-a-burke/B001092"]},{"id":"P200_B001092","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. Burke — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–95)","explanation":"James A. Burke began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001092","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-a-burke/B001092"]}],"D000211":[{"id":"P185_D000211","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James J. Delaney — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"James J. Delaney served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000211","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-j-delaney/D000211"]},{"id":"P200_D000211","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James J. Delaney — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"James J. Delaney began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000211","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-j-delaney/D000211"]}],"E000018":[{"id":"P185_E000018","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James O. Eastland — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"James O. Eastland served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000018","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-o-eastland/E000018"]},{"id":"P200_E000018","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James O. Eastland — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"James O. Eastland began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000018","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-o-eastland/E000018"]}],"M001035":[{"id":"P185_M001035","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John E. Moss — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"John E. Moss served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001035","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-e-moss/M001035"]},{"id":"P200_M001035","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Moss — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–95)","explanation":"John E. Moss began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001035","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-e-moss/M001035"]}],"M000436":[{"id":"P185_M000436","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. McFall — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John J. McFall served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000436","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-mcfall/M000436"]},{"id":"P200_M000436","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. McFall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–95)","explanation":"John J. McFall began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000436","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-mcfall/M000436"]}],"S000701":[{"id":"P185_S000701","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John J. Sparkman — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"John J. Sparkman served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000701","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-sparkman/S000701"]},{"id":"P200_S000701","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Sparkman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"John J. Sparkman began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000701","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-sparkman/S000701"]}],"Y000043":[{"id":"P185_Y000043","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Young — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John Young served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000043","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-young/Y000043"]},{"id":"P200_Y000043","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Young — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–95)","explanation":"John Young began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000043","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-young/Y000043"]}],"M000671":[{"id":"P185_M000671","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Lee Metcalf — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Lee Metcalf served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000671","https://www.congress.gov/member/lee-metcalf/M000671"]},{"id":"P200_M000671","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lee Metcalf — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–95)","explanation":"Lee Metcalf began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000671","https://www.congress.gov/member/lee-metcalf/M000671"]}],"T000110":[{"id":"P185_T000110","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Olin E. Teague — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Olin E. Teague served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000110","https://www.congress.gov/member/olin-e-teague/T000110"]},{"id":"P200_T000110","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Olin E. Teague — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"Olin E. Teague began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000110","https://www.congress.gov/member/olin-e-teague/T000110"]}],"B001111":[{"id":"P185_B001111","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Omar Burleson — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Omar Burleson served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001111","https://www.congress.gov/member/omar-burleson/B001111"]},{"id":"P200_B001111","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Omar Burleson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"Omar Burleson began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001111","https://www.congress.gov/member/omar-burleson/B001111"]}],"R000401":[{"id":"P185_R000401","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul G. Rogers — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Paul G. Rogers served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-g-rogers/R000401"]},{"id":"P200_R000401","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul G. Rogers — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–95)","explanation":"Paul G. Rogers began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-g-rogers/R000401"]}],"S000406":[{"id":"P185_S000406","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert L. F. Sikes — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"Robert L. F. Sikes served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000406","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-l-f-sikes/S000406"]},{"id":"P200_S000406","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert L. F. Sikes — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"Robert L. F. Sikes began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000406","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-l-f-sikes/S000406"]}],"N000113":[{"id":"P185_N000113","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert N. C. Nix — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Robert N. C. Nix served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000113","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-n-c-nix/N000113"]},{"id":"P200_N000113","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert N. C. Nix — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–95)","explanation":"Robert N. C. Nix began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000113","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-n-c-nix/N000113"]}],"P000398":[{"id":"P185_P000398","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"W. R. Poage — served 16 Congresses (~32 years)","explanation":"W. R. Poage served 16 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 32 years in federal office (left 1979). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":16,"leftYear":1979,"lastCongress":95}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000398","https://www.congress.gov/member/w-r-poage/P000398"]},{"id":"P200_P000398","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"W. R. Poage — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–95)","explanation":"W. R. Poage began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":16}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000398","https://www.congress.gov/member/w-r-poage/P000398"]}],"A000073":[{"id":"P185_A000073","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Carl Albert — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Carl Albert served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000073","https://www.congress.gov/member/carl-albert/A000073"]},{"id":"P200_A000073","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carl Albert — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Carl Albert began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000073","https://www.congress.gov/member/carl-albert/A000073"]}],"H000437":[{"id":"P185_H000437","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"F. Edward Hebert — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"F. Edward Hebert served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000437","https://www.congress.gov/member/f-edward-hebert/H000437"]},{"id":"P200_H000437","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"F. Edward Hebert — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"F. Edward Hebert began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000437","https://www.congress.gov/member/f-edward-hebert/H000437"]}],"S000174":[{"id":"P185_S000174","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Hugh Scott — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Hugh Scott served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000174","https://www.congress.gov/member/hugh-scott/S000174"]},{"id":"P200_S000174","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hugh Scott — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Hugh Scott began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000174","https://www.congress.gov/member/hugh-scott/S000174"]}],"H000041":[{"id":"P185_H000041","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. Haley — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"James A. Haley served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000041","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-a-haley/H000041"]},{"id":"P200_H000041","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. Haley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–94)","explanation":"James A. Haley began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000041","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-a-haley/H000041"]}],"E000273":[{"id":"P185_E000273","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Joe L. Evins — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Joe L. Evins served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000273","https://www.congress.gov/member/joe-l-evins/E000273"]},{"id":"P200_E000273","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe L. Evins — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Joe L. Evins began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000273","https://www.congress.gov/member/joe-l-evins/E000273"]}],"K000273":[{"id":"P185_K000273","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John C. Kluczynski — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"John C. Kluczynski served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000273","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-c-kluczynski/K000273"]},{"id":"P200_K000273","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John C. Kluczynski — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–94)","explanation":"John C. Kluczynski began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000273","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-c-kluczynski/K000273"]}],"J000057":[{"id":"P185_J000057","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Jarman — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"John Jarman served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000057","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-jarman/J000057"]},{"id":"P200_J000057","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Jarman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–94)","explanation":"John Jarman began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000057","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-jarman/J000057"]}],"P000100":[{"id":"P185_P000100","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John O. Pastore — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"John O. Pastore served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000100","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-o-pastore/P000100"]},{"id":"P200_P000100","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John O. Pastore — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–94)","explanation":"John O. Pastore began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000100","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-o-pastore/P000100"]}],"J000248":[{"id":"P185_J000248","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Jones, Robert E., Jr. — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Jones, Robert E., Jr. served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000248","https://www.congress.gov/member/jones-robert-e-jr-/J000248"]},{"id":"P200_J000248","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jones, Robert E., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Jones, Robert E., Jr. began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000248","https://www.congress.gov/member/jones-robert-e-jr-/J000248"]}],"M000876":[{"id":"P185_M000876","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph M. Montoya — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Joseph M. Montoya served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000876","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-m-montoya/M000876"]},{"id":"P200_M000876","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph M. Montoya — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–94)","explanation":"Joseph M. Montoya began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000876","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-m-montoya/M000876"]}],"S001057":[{"id":"P185_S001057","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leonor K. (Mrs. John B.) Sullivan — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Leonor K. (Mrs. John B.) Sullivan served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001057","https://www.congress.gov/member/leonor-k-mrs-john-b-sullivan/S001057"]},{"id":"P200_S001057","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leonor K. (Mrs. John B.) Sullivan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–94)","explanation":"Leonor K. (Mrs. John B.) Sullivan began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001057","https://www.congress.gov/member/leonor-k-mrs-john-b-sullivan/S001057"]}],"M000113":[{"id":"P185_M000113","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Mike Mansfield — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Mike Mansfield served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000113","https://www.congress.gov/member/mike-mansfield/M000113"]},{"id":"P200_M000113","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Mansfield — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Mike Mansfield began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000113","https://www.congress.gov/member/mike-mansfield/M000113"]}],"C000802":[{"id":"P185_C000802","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Norris Cotton — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Norris Cotton served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000802","https://www.congress.gov/member/norris-cotton/C000802"]},{"id":"P200_C000802","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norris Cotton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Norris Cotton began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000802","https://www.congress.gov/member/norris-cotton/C000802"]}],"P000098":[{"id":"P185_P000098","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Otto E. Passman — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Otto E. Passman served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000098","https://www.congress.gov/member/otto-e-passman/P000098"]},{"id":"P200_P000098","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Otto E. Passman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Otto E. Passman began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000098","https://www.congress.gov/member/otto-e-passman/P000098"]}],"L000054":[{"id":"P185_L000054","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Phil M. Landrum — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Phil M. Landrum served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000054","https://www.congress.gov/member/phil-m-landrum/L000054"]},{"id":"P200_L000054","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Phil M. Landrum — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–94)","explanation":"Phil M. Landrum began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000054","https://www.congress.gov/member/phil-m-landrum/L000054"]}],"H000875":[{"id":"P185_H000875","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roman L. Hruska — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Roman L. Hruska served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000875","https://www.congress.gov/member/roman-l-hruska/H000875"]},{"id":"P200_H000875","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roman L. Hruska — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–94)","explanation":"Roman L. Hruska began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000875","https://www.congress.gov/member/roman-l-hruska/H000875"]}],"S001136":[{"id":"P185_S001136","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stuart Symington — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Stuart Symington served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001136","https://www.congress.gov/member/stuart-symington/S001136"]},{"id":"P200_S001136","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stuart Symington — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–94)","explanation":"Stuart Symington began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001136","https://www.congress.gov/member/stuart-symington/S001136"]}],"M000958":[{"id":"P185_M000958","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas E. Morgan — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Thomas E. Morgan served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000958","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-e-morgan/M000958"]},{"id":"P200_M000958","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas E. Morgan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Thomas E. Morgan began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000958","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-e-morgan/M000958"]}],"M000005":[{"id":"P185_M000005","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Torbert H. Macdonald — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Torbert H. Macdonald served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000005","https://www.congress.gov/member/torbert-h-macdonald/M000005"]},{"id":"P200_M000005","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Torbert H. Macdonald — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–94)","explanation":"Torbert H. Macdonald began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000005","https://www.congress.gov/member/torbert-h-macdonald/M000005"]}],"H000408":[{"id":"P185_H000408","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Wayne L. Hays — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Wayne L. Hays served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000408","https://www.congress.gov/member/wayne-l-hays/H000408"]},{"id":"P200_H000408","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wayne L. Hays — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–94)","explanation":"Wayne L. Hays began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000408","https://www.congress.gov/member/wayne-l-hays/H000408"]}],"M000778":[{"id":"P185_M000778","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Wilbur D. Mills — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Wilbur D. Mills served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000778","https://www.congress.gov/member/wilbur-d-mills/M000778"]},{"id":"P200_M000778","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wilbur D. Mills — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Wilbur D. Mills began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000778","https://www.congress.gov/member/wilbur-d-mills/M000778"]}],"B000178":[{"id":"P185_B000178","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William A. Barrett — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"William A. Barrett served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000178","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-a-barrett/B000178"]},{"id":"P200_B000178","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William A. Barrett — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–94)","explanation":"William A. Barrett began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000178","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-a-barrett/B000178"]}],"P000103":[{"id":"P185_P000103","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Wright Patman — served 15 Congresses (~30 years)","explanation":"Wright Patman served 15 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 30 years in federal office (left 1977). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":15,"leftYear":1977,"lastCongress":94}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000103","https://www.congress.gov/member/wright-patman/P000103"]},{"id":"P200_P000103","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wright Patman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–94)","explanation":"Wright Patman began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":15}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000103","https://www.congress.gov/member/wright-patman/P000103"]}],"B000436":[{"id":"P185_B000436","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Bible — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Alan Bible served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000436","https://www.congress.gov/member/alan-bible/B000436"]},{"id":"P200_B000436","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Bible — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–93)","explanation":"Alan Bible began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000436","https://www.congress.gov/member/alan-bible/B000436"]}],"T000109":[{"id":"P185_T000109","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles M. Teague — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Charles M. Teague served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000109","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-m-teague/T000109"]},{"id":"P200_T000109","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles M. Teague — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–93)","explanation":"Charles M. Teague began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000109","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-m-teague/T000109"]}],"G000512":[{"id":"P185_G000512","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles S. Gubser — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Charles S. Gubser served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000512","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-s-gubser/G000512"]},{"id":"P200_G000512","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles S. Gubser — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–93)","explanation":"Charles S. Gubser began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000512","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-s-gubser/G000512"]}],"H000802":[{"id":"P185_H000802","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Craig Hosmer — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Craig Hosmer served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000802","https://www.congress.gov/member/craig-hosmer/H000802"]},{"id":"P200_H000802","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Craig Hosmer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–93)","explanation":"Craig Hosmer began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000802","https://www.congress.gov/member/craig-hosmer/H000802"]}],"G000407":[{"id":"P185_G000407","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edith Green — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Edith Green served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000407","https://www.congress.gov/member/edith-green/G000407"]},{"id":"P200_G000407","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edith Green — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–93)","explanation":"Edith Green began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000407","https://www.congress.gov/member/edith-green/G000407"]}],"F000260":[{"id":"P185_F000260","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Ford, Gerald R., Jr. — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Ford, Gerald R., Jr. served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000260","https://www.congress.gov/member/ford-gerald-r-jr-/F000260"]},{"id":"P200_F000260","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ford, Gerald R., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–93)","explanation":"Ford, Gerald R., Jr. began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000260","https://www.congress.gov/member/ford-gerald-r-jr-/F000260"]}],"C000431":[{"id":"P185_C000431","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank M. Clark — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Frank M. Clark served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000431","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-m-clark/C000431"]},{"id":"P200_C000431","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank M. Clark — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–93)","explanation":"Frank M. Clark began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000431","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-m-clark/C000431"]}],"A000062":[{"id":"P185_A000062","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"George Aiken — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"George Aiken served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000062","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-aiken/A000062"]},{"id":"P200_A000062","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Aiken — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–93)","explanation":"George Aiken began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000062","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-aiken/A000062"]}],"D000102":[{"id":"P185_D000102","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn R. Davis — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Glenn R. Davis served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000102","https://www.congress.gov/member/glenn-r-davis/D000102"]},{"id":"P200_D000102","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Glenn R. Davis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–93)","explanation":"Glenn R. Davis began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000102","https://www.congress.gov/member/glenn-r-davis/D000102"]}],"G000495":[{"id":"P185_G000495","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"H. R. Gross — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"H. R. Gross served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000495","https://www.congress.gov/member/h-r-gross/G000495"]},{"id":"P200_G000495","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"H. R. Gross — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–93)","explanation":"H. R. Gross began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000495","https://www.congress.gov/member/h-r-gross/G000495"]}],"D000419":[{"id":"P185_D000419","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Harold D. Donohue — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Harold D. Donohue served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000419","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-d-donohue/D000419"]},{"id":"P200_D000419","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold D. Donohue — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–93)","explanation":"Harold D. Donohue began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000419","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-d-donohue/D000419"]}],"B000967":[{"id":"P185_B000967","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joel T. Broyhill — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Joel T. Broyhill served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000967","https://www.congress.gov/member/joel-t-broyhill/B000967"]},{"id":"P200_B000967","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joel T. Broyhill — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–93)","explanation":"Joel T. Broyhill began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000967","https://www.congress.gov/member/joel-t-broyhill/B000967"]}],"B000550":[{"id":"P185_B000550","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Anton Blatnik — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"John Anton Blatnik served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000550","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-anton-blatnik/B000550"]},{"id":"P200_B000550","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Anton Blatnik — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–93)","explanation":"John Anton Blatnik began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000550","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-anton-blatnik/B000550"]}],"R000424":[{"id":"P185_R000424","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John J. Rooney — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"John J. Rooney served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000424","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-rooney/R000424"]},{"id":"P200_R000424","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Rooney — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–93)","explanation":"John J. Rooney began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000424","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-rooney/R000424"]}],"S000102":[{"id":"P185_S000102","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John P. Saylor — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"John P. Saylor served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000102","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-p-saylor/S000102"]},{"id":"P200_S000102","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John P. Saylor — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–93)","explanation":"John P. Saylor began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000102","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-p-saylor/S000102"]}],"A000216":[{"id":"P185_A000216","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Leslie C. Arends — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"Leslie C. Arends served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000216","https://www.congress.gov/member/leslie-c-arends/A000216"]},{"id":"P200_A000216","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leslie C. Arends — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–93)","explanation":"Leslie C. Arends began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000216","https://www.congress.gov/member/leslie-c-arends/A000216"]}],"G000471":[{"id":"P185_G000471","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martha W. Griffiths — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Martha W. Griffiths served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000471","https://www.congress.gov/member/martha-w-griffiths/G000471"]},{"id":"P200_G000471","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martha W. Griffiths — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–93)","explanation":"Martha W. Griffiths began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000471","https://www.congress.gov/member/martha-w-griffiths/G000471"]}],"F000152":[{"id":"P185_F000152","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"O. C. Fisher — served 14 Congresses (~28 years)","explanation":"O. C. Fisher served 14 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 28 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":14,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000152","https://www.congress.gov/member/o-c-fisher/F000152"]},{"id":"P200_F000152","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"O. C. Fisher — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–93)","explanation":"O. C. Fisher began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":14}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000152","https://www.congress.gov/member/o-c-fisher/F000152"]}],"F000371":[{"id":"P185_F000371","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000371","https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-h-b-frelinghuysen/F000371"]},{"id":"P200_F000371","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–93)","explanation":"Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000371","https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-h-b-frelinghuysen/F000371"]}],"B000384":[{"id":"P185_B000384","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wallace F. Bennett — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Wallace F. Bennett served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000384","https://www.congress.gov/member/wallace-f-bennett/B000384"]},{"id":"P200_B000384","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wallace F. Bennett — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–93)","explanation":"Wallace F. Bennett began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000384","https://www.congress.gov/member/wallace-f-bennett/B000384"]}],"W000445":[{"id":"P185_W000445","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William B. Widnall — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"William B. Widnall served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000445","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-b-widnall/W000445"]},{"id":"P200_W000445","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William B. Widnall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–93)","explanation":"William B. Widnall began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000445","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-b-widnall/W000445"]}],"M000799":[{"id":"P185_M000799","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William E. Minshall — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"William E. Minshall served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000799","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-e-minshall/M000799"]},{"id":"P200_M000799","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William E. Minshall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–93)","explanation":"William E. Minshall began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000799","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-e-minshall/M000799"]}],"B000778":[{"id":"P185_B000778","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William G. Bray — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"William G. Bray served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000778","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-g-bray/B000778"]},{"id":"P200_B000778","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William G. Bray — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–93)","explanation":"William G. Bray began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000778","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-g-bray/B000778"]}],"D000434":[{"id":"P185_D000434","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William Jennings Bryan Dorn — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"William Jennings Bryan Dorn served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000434","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-jennings-bryan-dorn/D000434"]},{"id":"P200_D000434","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Jennings Bryan Dorn — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–93)","explanation":"William Jennings Bryan Dorn began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000434","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-jennings-bryan-dorn/D000434"]}],"M000070":[{"id":"P185_M000070","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William S. Mailliard — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"William S. Mailliard served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1975). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1975,"lastCongress":93}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000070","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-s-mailliard/M000070"]},{"id":"P200_M000070","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William S. Mailliard — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–93)","explanation":"William S. Mailliard began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000070","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-s-mailliard/M000070"]}],"E000112":[{"id":"P185_E000112","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Allen Ellender — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Allen Ellender served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000112","https://www.congress.gov/member/allen-ellender/E000112"]},{"id":"P200_E000112","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Allen Ellender — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Allen Ellender began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000112","https://www.congress.gov/member/allen-ellender/E000112"]}],"O000058":[{"id":"P185_O000058","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Alvin O'Konski — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Alvin O'Konski served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000058","https://www.congress.gov/member/alvin-o-konski/O000058"]},{"id":"P200_O000058","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alvin O'Konski — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Alvin O'Konski began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000058","https://www.congress.gov/member/alvin-o-konski/O000058"]}],"J000206":[{"id":"P185_J000206","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Jonas — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Charles Jonas served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000206","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-jonas/J000206"]},{"id":"P200_J000206","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Jonas — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–92)","explanation":"Charles Jonas began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000206","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-jonas/J000206"]}],"A000186":[{"id":"P185_A000186","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clinton Anderson — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Clinton Anderson served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000186","https://www.congress.gov/member/clinton-anderson/A000186"]},{"id":"P200_A000186","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clinton Anderson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–92)","explanation":"Clinton Anderson began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000186","https://www.congress.gov/member/clinton-anderson/A000186"]}],"E000054":[{"id":"P185_E000054","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edmond Edmonds — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Edmond Edmonds served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000054","https://www.congress.gov/member/edmond-edmonds/E000054"]},{"id":"P200_E000054","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edmond Edmonds — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–92)","explanation":"Edmond Edmonds began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000054","https://www.congress.gov/member/edmond-edmonds/E000054"]}],"G000071":[{"id":"P185_G000071","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Edward Garmatz — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Edward Garmatz served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000071","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-garmatz/G000071"]},{"id":"P200_G000071","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward Garmatz — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Edward Garmatz began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000071","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-garmatz/G000071"]}],"C000264":[{"id":"P185_C000264","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Emanuel Celler — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Emanuel Celler served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000264","https://www.congress.gov/member/emanuel-celler/C000264"]},{"id":"P200_C000264","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Emanuel Celler — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Emanuel Celler began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000264","https://www.congress.gov/member/emanuel-celler/C000264"]}],"B000676":[{"id":"P185_B000676","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Bow — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Frank Bow served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000676","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-bow/B000676"]},{"id":"P200_B000676","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Bow — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–92)","explanation":"Frank Bow began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000676","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-bow/B000676"]}],"B000426":[{"id":"P185_B000426","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jackson Betts — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Jackson Betts served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000426","https://www.congress.gov/member/jackson-betts/B000426"]},{"id":"P200_B000426","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jackson Betts — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–92)","explanation":"Jackson Betts began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000426","https://www.congress.gov/member/jackson-betts/B000426"]}],"B001212":[{"id":"P185_B001212","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Byrne — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"James Byrne served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001212","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-byrne/B001212"]},{"id":"P200_B001212","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Byrne — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–92)","explanation":"James Byrne began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001212","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-byrne/B001212"]}],"F000422":[{"id":"P185_F000422","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"James Fulton — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"James Fulton served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000422","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-fulton/F000422"]},{"id":"P200_F000422","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Fulton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"James Fulton began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000422","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-fulton/F000422"]}],"B001216":[{"id":"P185_B001216","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John Byrnes — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"John Byrnes served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001216","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-byrnes/B001216"]},{"id":"P200_B001216","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Byrnes — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"John Byrnes began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001216","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-byrnes/B001216"]}],"D000467":[{"id":"P185_D000467","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Dowdy — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John Dowdy served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000467","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-dowdy/D000467"]},{"id":"P200_D000467","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Dowdy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–92)","explanation":"John Dowdy began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000467","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-dowdy/D000467"]}],"M000568":[{"id":"P185_M000568","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"John McMillan — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"John McMillan served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000568","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-mcmillan/M000568"]},{"id":"P200_M000568","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John McMillan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"John McMillan began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000568","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-mcmillan/M000568"]}],"W000212":[{"id":"P185_W000212","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Watts — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"John Watts served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000212","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-watts/W000212"]},{"id":"P200_W000212","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Watts — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–92)","explanation":"John Watts began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000212","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-watts/W000212"]}],"M001078":[{"id":"P185_M001078","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Karl Mundt — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Karl Mundt served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001078","https://www.congress.gov/member/karl-mundt/M001078"]},{"id":"P200_M001078","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Karl Mundt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Karl Mundt began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001078","https://www.congress.gov/member/karl-mundt/M001078"]}],"S000590":[{"id":"P185_S000590","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Margaret Smith — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Margaret Smith served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000590","https://www.congress.gov/member/margaret-smith/S000590"]},{"id":"P200_S000590","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret Smith — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Margaret Smith began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000590","https://www.congress.gov/member/margaret-smith/S000590"]}],"B000323":[{"id":"P185_B000323","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Page Belcher — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Page Belcher served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000323","https://www.congress.gov/member/page-belcher/B000323"]},{"id":"P200_B000323","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Page Belcher — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–92)","explanation":"Page Belcher began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000323","https://www.congress.gov/member/page-belcher/B000323"]}],"P000401":[{"id":"P185_P000401","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Poff — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Richard Poff served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-poff/P000401"]},{"id":"P200_P000401","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Poff — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–92)","explanation":"Richard Poff began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-poff/P000401"]}],"R000536":[{"id":"P185_R000536","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Richard Russell — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Richard Russell served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000536","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-russell/R000536"]},{"id":"P200_R000536","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Russell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Richard Russell began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000536","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-russell/R000536"]}],"C000772":[{"id":"P185_C000772","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Robert Corbett — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Robert Corbett served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000772","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-corbett/C000772"]},{"id":"P200_C000772","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Corbett — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Robert Corbett began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000772","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-corbett/C000772"]}],"A000016":[{"id":"P185_A000016","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Abernethy — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Thomas Abernethy served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000016","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-abernethy/A000016"]},{"id":"P200_A000016","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Abernethy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Thomas Abernethy began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000016","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-abernethy/A000016"]}],"B000594":[{"id":"P185_B000594","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Thomas Boggs — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Thomas Boggs served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000594","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-boggs/B000594"]},{"id":"P200_B000594","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Boggs — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Thomas Boggs began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000594","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-boggs/B000594"]}],"P000196":[{"id":"P185_P000196","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Pelly — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Thomas Pelly served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000196","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-pelly/P000196"]},{"id":"P200_P000196","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas Pelly — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–92)","explanation":"Thomas Pelly began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000196","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-pelly/P000196"]}],"B000141":[{"id":"P185_B000141","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter Baring — served 10 Congresses (~20 years)","explanation":"Walter Baring served 10 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 20 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":10,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000141","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-baring/B000141"]},{"id":"P200_B000141","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter Baring — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–92)","explanation":"Walter Baring began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":10}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000141","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-baring/B000141"]}],"A000002":[{"id":"P185_A000002","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Watkins Abbitt — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"Watkins Abbitt served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000002","https://www.congress.gov/member/watkins-abbitt/A000002"]},{"id":"P200_A000002","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Watkins Abbitt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"Watkins Abbitt began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000002","https://www.congress.gov/member/watkins-abbitt/A000002"]}],"A000225":[{"id":"P185_A000225","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wayne Aspinall — served 12 Congresses (~24 years)","explanation":"Wayne Aspinall served 12 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 24 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":12,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000225","https://www.congress.gov/member/wayne-aspinall/A000225"]},{"id":"P200_A000225","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wayne Aspinall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 81–92)","explanation":"Wayne Aspinall began serving in Congress 81 (~1949), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":81,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":12}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000225","https://www.congress.gov/member/wayne-aspinall/A000225"]}],"C000645":[{"id":"P185_C000645","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William Colmer — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"William Colmer served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000645","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-colmer/C000645"]},{"id":"P200_C000645","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Colmer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"William Colmer began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000645","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-colmer/C000645"]}],"M000393":[{"id":"P185_M000393","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"William McCulloch — served 13 Congresses (~26 years)","explanation":"William McCulloch served 13 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 26 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":13,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000393","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-mcculloch/M000393"]},{"id":"P200_M000393","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William McCulloch — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"William McCulloch began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":13}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000393","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-mcculloch/M000393"]}],"S000756":[{"id":"P185_S000756","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Springer — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"William Springer served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000756","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-springer/S000756"]},{"id":"P200_S000756","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Springer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–92)","explanation":"William Springer began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000756","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-springer/S000756"]}],"P000552":[{"id":"P185_P000552","pattern_type":"P185_MULTI_DECADE_CAREER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Winston Prouty — served 11 Congresses (~22 years)","explanation":"Winston Prouty served 11 Congresses, equivalent to roughly 22 years in federal office (left 1973). Multi-decade tenure spans multiple political eras and creates extensive committee-tenure, donor-network, and post-office-influence footprints. Members with ≥10 congresses warrant longitudinal review of how their interests evolved across that period.","evidence":[{"source":"multi_decade_career","congressesServed":11,"leftYear":1973,"lastCongress":92}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000552","https://www.congress.gov/member/winston-prouty/P000552"]},{"id":"P200_P000552","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Winston Prouty — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 82–92)","explanation":"Winston Prouty began serving in Congress 82 (~1951), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":82,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":11}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000552","https://www.congress.gov/member/winston-prouty/P000552"]}],"P000229":[{"id":"P195_P000229","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carl C. Perkins — DW-NOMINATE -0.56 vs KY delegation mean 0.12 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Carl C. Perkins's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.56) is 1.7 standard deviations from the KY delegation mean (0.12). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"KY","memberScore":-0.56,"delegationMean":0.11784615384615388,"zscore":"1.70"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"P000049":[{"id":"P195_P000049","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Pappas — DW-NOMINATE 0.36 vs NJ delegation mean -0.14 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Michael Pappas's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.36) is 1.5 standard deviations from the NJ delegation mean (-0.14). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NJ","memberScore":0.361,"delegationMean":-0.14169230769230765,"zscore":"1.53"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"E000093":[{"id":"P195_E000093","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ehrlich, Robert L., Jr. — DW-NOMINATE 0.36 vs MD delegation mean -0.21 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Ehrlich, Robert L., Jr.'s DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.36) is 1.8 standard deviations from the MD delegation mean (-0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MD","memberScore":0.36,"delegationMean":-0.20651724137931035,"zscore":"1.79"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B000392":[{"id":"P195_B000392","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Helen Delich Bentley — DW-NOMINATE 0.28 vs MD delegation mean -0.21 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Helen Delich Bentley's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.28) is 1.5 standard deviations from the MD delegation mean (-0.21). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MD","memberScore":0.276,"delegationMean":-0.20651724137931035,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"J000284":[{"id":"P195_J000284","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephanie Tubbs Jones — DW-NOMINATE -0.52 vs OH delegation mean 0.08 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Stephanie Tubbs Jones's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.52) is 1.6 standard deviations from the OH delegation mean (0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OH","memberScore":-0.521,"delegationMean":0.08442465753424659,"zscore":"1.56"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"D000429":[{"id":"P195_D000429","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John T. Doolittle — DW-NOMINATE 0.52 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"John T. Doolittle's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.52) is 1.5 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.519,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B000078":[{"id":"P195_B000078","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Baker — DW-NOMINATE 0.53 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Bill Baker's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.53) is 1.5 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.533,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.55"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000213":[{"id":"P195_S000213","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andrea H. Seastrand — DW-NOMINATE 0.54 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Andrea H. Seastrand's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.54) is 1.6 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.536,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.56"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000393":[{"id":"P195_S000393","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norman D. Shumway — DW-NOMINATE 0.56 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Norman D. Shumway's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.56) is 1.6 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.556,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.60"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B000024":[{"id":"P195_B000024","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Badham — DW-NOMINATE 0.54 vs CA delegation mean -0.11 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Robert E. Badham's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.54) is 1.6 standard deviations from the CA delegation mean (-0.11). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CA","memberScore":0.541,"delegationMean":-0.11196449704142017,"zscore":"1.57"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_B000024","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Badham — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–100)","explanation":"Robert E. Badham began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000024","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-e-badham/B000024"]}],"B000576":[{"id":"P195_B000576","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter I. Blute — DW-NOMINATE 0.19 vs MA delegation mean -0.36 (2.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Peter I. Blute's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.19) is 2.8 standard deviations from the MA delegation mean (-0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MA","memberScore":0.192,"delegationMean":-0.3643142857142857,"zscore":"2.79"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"T000314":[{"id":"P195_T000314","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"MEDIUM","headline":"Peter G. Torkildsen — DW-NOMINATE 0.15 vs MA delegation mean -0.36 (2.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Peter G. Torkildsen's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.15) is 2.6 standard deviations from the MA delegation mean (-0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MA","memberScore":0.155,"delegationMean":-0.3643142857142857,"zscore":"2.60"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H000725":[{"id":"P195_H000725","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ernest F. Hollings — DW-NOMINATE -0.29 vs SC delegation mean 0.38 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Ernest F. Hollings's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.29) is 1.8 standard deviations from the SC delegation mean (0.38). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"SC","memberScore":-0.293,"delegationMean":0.37596153846153846,"zscore":"1.79"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H000621":[{"id":"P195_H000621","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Earl F. Hilliard — DW-NOMINATE -0.56 vs AL delegation mean 0.22 (2.0σ outlier)","explanation":"Earl F. Hilliard's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.56) is 2.0 standard deviations from the AL delegation mean (0.22). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"AL","memberScore":-0.555,"delegationMean":0.21818181818181823,"zscore":"2.05"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"D000611":[{"id":"P195_D000611","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles K. Djou — DW-NOMINATE 0.17 vs HI delegation mean -0.31 (2.3σ outlier)","explanation":"Charles K. Djou's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.17) is 2.3 standard deviations from the HI delegation mean (-0.31). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"HI","memberScore":0.172,"delegationMean":-0.31369230769230766,"zscore":"2.31"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000014":[{"id":"P195_S000014","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patricia Saiki — DW-NOMINATE 0.10 vs HI delegation mean -0.31 (2.0σ outlier)","explanation":"Patricia Saiki's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.10) is 2.0 standard deviations from the HI delegation mean (-0.31). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"HI","memberScore":0.096,"delegationMean":-0.31369230769230766,"zscore":"1.95"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C001044":[{"id":"P195_C001044","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brad Carson — DW-NOMINATE -0.18 vs OK delegation mean 0.34 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Brad Carson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.18) is 1.6 standard deviations from the OK delegation mean (0.34). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OK","memberScore":-0.181,"delegationMean":0.34128000000000003,"zscore":"1.60"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S001139":[{"id":"P195_S001139","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Synar — DW-NOMINATE -0.32 vs OK delegation mean 0.34 (2.0σ outlier)","explanation":"Mike Synar's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.32) is 2.0 standard deviations from the OK delegation mean (0.34). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OK","memberScore":-0.321,"delegationMean":0.34128000000000003,"zscore":"2.02"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"T000489":[{"id":"P195_T000489","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sylvester Turner — DW-NOMINATE -0.75 vs TX delegation mean 0.15 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Sylvester Turner's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.75) is 1.9 standard deviations from the TX delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TX","memberScore":-0.746,"delegationMean":0.14558771929824554,"zscore":"1.85"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"L000237":[{"id":"P195_L000237","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mickey Leland — DW-NOMINATE -0.60 vs TX delegation mean 0.15 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Mickey Leland's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.60) is 1.5 standard deviations from the TX delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TX","memberScore":-0.596,"delegationMean":0.14558771929824554,"zscore":"1.54"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S001152":[{"id":"P195_S001152","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rob Simmons — DW-NOMINATE 0.17 vs CT delegation mean -0.18 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Rob Simmons's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.17) is 1.5 standard deviations from the CT delegation mean (-0.18). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CT","memberScore":0.171,"delegationMean":-0.1794285714285714,"zscore":"1.51"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"F000348":[{"id":"P195_F000348","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary A. Franks — DW-NOMINATE 0.27 vs CT delegation mean -0.18 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Gary A. Franks's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.27) is 1.9 standard deviations from the CT delegation mean (-0.18). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"CT","memberScore":0.273,"delegationMean":-0.1794285714285714,"zscore":"1.94"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001280":[{"id":"P195_B001280","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kerry L. Bentivolio — DW-NOMINATE 0.72 vs MI delegation mean -0.02 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Kerry L. Bentivolio's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.72) is 1.8 standard deviations from the MI delegation mean (-0.02). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MI","memberScore":0.723,"delegationMean":-0.01998305084745762,"zscore":"1.80"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C000633":[{"id":"P195_C000633","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara-Rose Collins — DW-NOMINATE -0.65 vs MI delegation mean -0.02 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Barbara-Rose Collins's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.65) is 1.5 standard deviations from the MI delegation mean (-0.02). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MI","memberScore":-0.648,"delegationMean":-0.01998305084745762,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"H000652":[{"id":"P195_H000652","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter Hoagland — DW-NOMINATE -0.21 vs NE delegation mean 0.25 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Peter Hoagland's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.21) is 1.9 standard deviations from the NE delegation mean (0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NE","memberScore":-0.209,"delegationMean":0.24923809523809523,"zscore":"1.90"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"K000146":[{"id":"P195_K000146","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Robert Kerrey — DW-NOMINATE -0.22 vs NE delegation mean 0.25 (2.0σ outlier)","explanation":"J. Robert Kerrey's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.22) is 2.0 standard deviations from the NE delegation mean (0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NE","memberScore":-0.223,"delegationMean":0.24923809523809523,"zscore":"1.96"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"E000284":[{"id":"P195_E000284","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. James Exon — DW-NOMINATE -0.21 vs NE delegation mean 0.25 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"J. James Exon's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.21) is 1.9 standard deviations from the NE delegation mean (0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NE","memberScore":-0.214,"delegationMean":0.24923809523809523,"zscore":"1.92"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S001222":[{"id":"P195_S001222","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Santos — DW-NOMINATE 0.47 vs NY delegation mean -0.09 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"George Santos's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.47) is 1.7 standard deviations from the NY delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NY","memberScore":0.473,"delegationMean":-0.0898086956521739,"zscore":"1.70"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"F000440":[{"id":"P195_F000440","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vito Fossella — DW-NOMINATE 0.43 vs NY delegation mean -0.09 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Vito Fossella's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.43) is 1.6 standard deviations from the NY delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NY","memberScore":0.426,"delegationMean":-0.0898086956521739,"zscore":"1.55"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"P000148":[{"id":"P195_P000148","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Paxon — DW-NOMINATE 0.47 vs NY delegation mean -0.09 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Bill Paxon's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.47) is 1.7 standard deviations from the NY delegation mean (-0.09). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"NY","memberScore":0.472,"delegationMean":-0.0898086956521739,"zscore":"1.69"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"F000262":[{"id":"P195_F000262","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ford, Harold E., Jr. — DW-NOMINATE -0.36 vs TN delegation mean 0.25 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Ford, Harold E., Jr.'s DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.36) is 1.6 standard deviations from the TN delegation mean (0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TN","memberScore":-0.359,"delegationMean":0.24897560975609762,"zscore":"1.55"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000068":[{"id":"P195_S000068","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Sasser — DW-NOMINATE -0.35 vs TN delegation mean 0.25 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Jim Sasser's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.35) is 1.5 standard deviations from the TN delegation mean (0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"TN","memberScore":-0.355,"delegationMean":0.24897560975609762,"zscore":"1.54"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_S000068","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Sasser — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"Jim Sasser began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000068","https://www.congress.gov/member/jim-sasser/S000068"]}],"C000191":[{"id":"P195_C000191","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Carson — DW-NOMINATE -0.46 vs IN delegation mean 0.27 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Julia Carson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.46) is 1.9 standard deviations from the IN delegation mean (0.27). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IN","memberScore":-0.464,"delegationMean":0.26830434782608703,"zscore":"1.95"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M000342":[{"id":"P195_M000342","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank McCloskey — DW-NOMINATE -0.34 vs IN delegation mean 0.27 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Frank McCloskey's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.34) is 1.6 standard deviations from the IN delegation mean (0.27). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IN","memberScore":-0.336,"delegationMean":0.26830434782608703,"zscore":"1.61"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"J000265":[{"id":"P195_J000265","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Jontz — DW-NOMINATE -0.36 vs IN delegation mean 0.27 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Jim Jontz's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.36) is 1.7 standard deviations from the IN delegation mean (0.27). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IN","memberScore":-0.357,"delegationMean":0.26830434782608703,"zscore":"1.66"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"J000070":[{"id":"P195_J000070","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William J. Jefferson — DW-NOMINATE -0.42 vs LA delegation mean 0.18 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"William J. Jefferson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.42) is 1.7 standard deviations from the LA delegation mean (0.18). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"LA","memberScore":-0.424,"delegationMean":0.17868571428571423,"zscore":"1.70"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B000592":[{"id":"P195_B000592","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Corinne C. (Lindy) Boggs — DW-NOMINATE -0.36 vs LA delegation mean 0.18 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Corinne C. (Lindy) Boggs's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.36) is 1.5 standard deviations from the LA delegation mean (0.18). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"LA","memberScore":-0.359,"delegationMean":0.17868571428571423,"zscore":"1.51"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_B000592","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Corinne C. (Lindy) Boggs — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–101)","explanation":"Corinne C. (Lindy) Boggs began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000592","https://www.congress.gov/member/corinne-c-lindy-boggs/B000592"]}],"L000431":[{"id":"P195_L000431","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Longley, James B., Jr. — DW-NOMINATE 0.25 vs ME delegation mean -0.17 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Longley, James B., Jr.'s DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.25) is 1.9 standard deviations from the ME delegation mean (-0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"ME","memberScore":0.253,"delegationMean":-0.1689230769230769,"zscore":"1.86"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B000517":[{"id":"P195_B000517","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lucien E. Blackwell — DW-NOMINATE -0.54 vs PA delegation mean 0.01 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Lucien E. Blackwell's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.54) is 1.6 standard deviations from the PA delegation mean (0.01). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PA","memberScore":-0.538,"delegationMean":0.013452380952380962,"zscore":"1.58"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"G000402":[{"id":"P195_G000402","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gray, William H., III — DW-NOMINATE -0.51 vs PA delegation mean 0.01 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Gray, William H., III's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.51) is 1.5 standard deviations from the PA delegation mean (0.01). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"PA","memberScore":-0.511,"delegationMean":0.013452380952380962,"zscore":"1.50"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C000737":[{"id":"P195_C000737","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wes Cooley — DW-NOMINATE 0.86 vs OR delegation mean -0.08 (2.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Wes Cooley's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.86) is 2.5 standard deviations from the OR delegation mean (-0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OR","memberScore":0.861,"delegationMean":-0.07871999999999997,"zscore":"2.46"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000527":[{"id":"P195_S000527","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Denny Smith — DW-NOMINATE 0.60 vs OR delegation mean -0.08 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Denny Smith's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.60) is 1.8 standard deviations from the OR delegation mean (-0.08). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"OR","memberScore":0.603,"delegationMean":-0.07871999999999997,"zscore":"1.78"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"E000218":[{"id":"P195_E000218","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Espy — DW-NOMINATE -0.39 vs MS delegation mean 0.19 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Mike Espy's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.39) is 1.8 standard deviations from the MS delegation mean (0.19). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"MS","memberScore":-0.386,"delegationMean":0.1946818181818182,"zscore":"1.76"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001258":[{"id":"P195_B001258","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nancy E. Boyda — DW-NOMINATE -0.19 vs KS delegation mean 0.36 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Nancy E. Boyda's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.19) is 1.8 standard deviations from the KS delegation mean (0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"KS","memberScore":-0.193,"delegationMean":0.3593076923076923,"zscore":"1.84"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"G000240":[{"id":"P195_G000240","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Glickman — DW-NOMINATE -0.13 vs KS delegation mean 0.36 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Dan Glickman's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.13) is 1.6 standard deviations from the KS delegation mean (0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"KS","memberScore":-0.133,"delegationMean":0.3593076923076923,"zscore":"1.64"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_G000240","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Glickman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"Dan Glickman began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000240","https://www.congress.gov/member/dan-glickman/G000240"]}],"S000477":[{"id":"P195_S000477","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jim Slattery — DW-NOMINATE -0.10 vs KS delegation mean 0.36 (1.5σ outlier)","explanation":"Jim Slattery's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.10) is 1.5 standard deviations from the KS delegation mean (0.36). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"KS","memberScore":-0.099,"delegationMean":0.3593076923076923,"zscore":"1.52"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"L000098":[{"id":"P195_L000098","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Larry LaRocco — DW-NOMINATE -0.24 vs ID delegation mean 0.45 (2.3σ outlier)","explanation":"Larry LaRocco's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.24) is 2.3 standard deviations from the ID delegation mean (0.45). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"ID","memberScore":-0.243,"delegationMean":0.45053333333333334,"zscore":"2.33"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000785":[{"id":"P195_S000785","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard H. Stallings — DW-NOMINATE -0.08 vs ID delegation mean 0.45 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"Richard H. Stallings's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.08) is 1.8 standard deviations from the ID delegation mean (0.45). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"ID","memberScore":-0.084,"delegationMean":0.45053333333333334,"zscore":"1.80"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"D000064":[{"id":"P195_D000064","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas A. Daschle — DW-NOMINATE -0.30 vs SD delegation mean 0.15 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Thomas A. Daschle's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.30) is 1.6 standard deviations from the SD delegation mean (0.15). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"SD","memberScore":-0.303,"delegationMean":0.15433333333333335,"zscore":"1.56"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"G000561":[{"id":"P195_G000561","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carte Patrick Goodwin — DW-NOMINATE -0.75 vs WV delegation mean 0.04 (1.7σ outlier)","explanation":"Carte Patrick Goodwin's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.75) is 1.7 standard deviations from the WV delegation mean (0.04). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"WV","memberScore":-0.747,"delegationMean":0.035142857142857135,"zscore":"1.68"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"N000003":[{"id":"P195_N000003","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nagle, Dave R, — DW-NOMINATE -0.35 vs IA delegation mean 0.16 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Nagle, Dave R,'s DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.35) is 1.6 standard deviations from the IA delegation mean (0.16). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"IA","memberScore":-0.349,"delegationMean":0.1583,"zscore":"1.58"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"O000108":[{"id":"P195_O000108","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Orton — DW-NOMINATE -0.09 vs UT delegation mean 0.37 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Bill Orton's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.09) is 1.6 standard deviations from the UT delegation mean (0.37). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"UT","memberScore":-0.086,"delegationMean":0.3664545454545454,"zscore":"1.58"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"S000332":[{"id":"P195_S000332","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Karen Shepherd — DW-NOMINATE -0.25 vs UT delegation mean 0.37 (2.1σ outlier)","explanation":"Karen Shepherd's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.25) is 2.1 standard deviations from the UT delegation mean (0.37). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"UT","memberScore":-0.246,"delegationMean":0.3664545454545454,"zscore":"2.14"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"O000156":[{"id":"P195_O000156","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wayne Owens — DW-NOMINATE -0.25 vs UT delegation mean 0.37 (2.2σ outlier)","explanation":"Wayne Owens's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (-0.25) is 2.2 standard deviations from the UT delegation mean (0.37). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"UT","memberScore":-0.253,"delegationMean":0.3664545454545454,"zscore":"2.16"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]},{"id":"P200_O000156","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wayne Owens — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–102)","explanation":"Wayne Owens began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000156","https://www.congress.gov/member/wayne-owens/O000156"]}],"S000429":[{"id":"P195_S000429","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan K. Simpson — DW-NOMINATE 0.32 vs WY delegation mean 0.53 (2.1σ outlier)","explanation":"Alan K. Simpson's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.32) is 2.1 standard deviations from the WY delegation mean (0.53). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"WY","memberScore":0.322,"delegationMean":0.532,"zscore":"2.07"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"M000015":[{"id":"P195_M000015","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ronald K. Machtley — DW-NOMINATE 0.11 vs RI delegation mean -0.25 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"Ronald K. Machtley's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.11) is 1.9 standard deviations from the RI delegation mean (-0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"RI","memberScore":0.113,"delegationMean":-0.2477142857142857,"zscore":"1.91"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"C000269":[{"id":"P195_C000269","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"John H. Chafee — DW-NOMINATE 0.08 vs RI delegation mean -0.25 (1.8σ outlier)","explanation":"John H. Chafee's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.08) is 1.8 standard deviations from the RI delegation mean (-0.25). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"RI","memberScore":0.084,"delegationMean":-0.2477142857142857,"zscore":"1.75"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"B001323":[{"id":"P195_B001323","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nicholas Begich III — DW-NOMINATE 0.66 vs AK delegation mean 0.23 (1.6σ outlier)","explanation":"Nicholas Begich III's DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.66) is 1.6 standard deviations from the AK delegation mean (0.23). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"AK","memberScore":0.661,"delegationMean":0.226875,"zscore":"1.57"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"R000460":[{"id":"P195_R000460","pattern_type":"P195_DELEGATION_IDEOLOGY_OUTLIER","severity":"LOW","headline":"William V. Roth Jr. — DW-NOMINATE 0.27 vs DE delegation mean -0.17 (1.9σ outlier)","explanation":"William V. Roth Jr.'s DW-NOMINATE ideology score (0.27) is 1.9 standard deviations from the DE delegation mean (-0.17). Ideology outliers in their own state delegation often reflect district-specific donor or constituency pressure that diverges from the state's broader political alignment. Cross-reference voting record against donor-base composition to identify whether the ideological position tracks money-source rather than constituent preference.","evidence":[{"source":"delegation_ideology_outlier","state":"DE","memberScore":0.272,"delegationMean":-0.17,"zscore":"1.89"}],"citations":["https://voteview.com/","https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/"]}],"J000126":[{"id":"P198_J000126","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eddie Bernice Johnson — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Eddie Bernice Johnson has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000126","https://www.congress.gov/member/eddie-bernice-johnson/J000126"]}],"D000610":[{"id":"P198_D000610","pattern_type":"P198_LONG_TENURE_VETERAN","severity":"LOW","headline":"Theodore E. Deutch — long-tenure veteran (7 Congresses, House)","explanation":"Theodore E. Deutch has served 7 Congresses in the House. Long-tenure members accumulate deep institutional networks: committee chairmanships, leadership PAC pipelines, lobbying clientele relationships extending into post-service careers. Their accountability footprint requires longitudinal review across all congresses served, not just recent activity.","evidence":[{"source":"long_tenure_veteran","chamber":"House","congressesServed":7,"lastCongress":117}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000610","https://www.congress.gov/member/theodore-e.-deutch/D000610"]}],"T000243":[{"id":"P200_T000243","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ray Thornton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–104)","explanation":"Ray Thornton began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000243","https://www.congress.gov/member/ray-thornton/T000243"]}],"D000435":[{"id":"P200_D000435","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert K. Dornan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–104)","explanation":"Robert K. Dornan began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":104,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000435","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-k-dornan/D000435"]}],"M001088":[{"id":"P200_M001088","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Austin J. Murphy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"Austin J. Murphy began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001088","https://www.congress.gov/member/austin-j-murphy/M001088"]}],"C000178":[{"id":"P200_C000178","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Carr — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"Bob Carr began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000178","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-carr/C000178"]}],"D000566":[{"id":"P200_D000566","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dave Durenberger — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"Dave Durenberger began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000566","https://www.congress.gov/member/dave-durenberger/D000566"]}],"D000185":[{"id":"P200_D000185","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dennis DeConcini — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"Dennis DeConcini began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000185","https://www.congress.gov/member/dennis-deconcini/D000185"]}],"W000092":[{"id":"P200_W000092","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Malcolm Wallop — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–103)","explanation":"Malcolm Wallop began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000092","https://www.congress.gov/member/malcolm-wallop/W000092"]}],"K000333":[{"id":"P200_K000333","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert C. Krueger — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–103)","explanation":"Robert C. Krueger began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":103,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000333","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-c-krueger/K000333"]}],"I000029":[{"id":"P200_I000029","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andrew P. Ireland — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Andrew P. Ireland began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/I000029","https://www.congress.gov/member/andrew-p-ireland/I000029"]}],"G000072":[{"id":"P200_G000072","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"E. J. (Jake) Garn — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"E. J. (Jake) Garn began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000072","https://www.congress.gov/member/e-j-jake-garn/G000072"]}],"C000618":[{"id":"P200_C000618","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"E. Thomas Coleman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"E. Thomas Coleman began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000618","https://www.congress.gov/member/e-thomas-coleman/C000618"]}],"F000329":[{"id":"P200_F000329","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Fowler, Wyche, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Fowler, Wyche, Jr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000329","https://www.congress.gov/member/fowler-wyche-jr-/F000329"]}],"G000321":[{"id":"P200_G000321","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gore, Albert, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Gore, Albert, Jr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000321","https://www.congress.gov/member/gore-albert-jr-/G000321"]}],"N000163":[{"id":"P200_N000163","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry Nowak — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Henry Nowak began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000163","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-nowak/N000163"]}],"H000878":[{"id":"P200_H000878","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hubbard, Carroll, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Hubbard, Carroll, Jr. began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000878","https://www.congress.gov/member/hubbard-carroll-jr-/H000878"]}],"K000019":[{"id":"P200_K000019","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kasten, Robert W., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Kasten, Robert W., Jr. began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000019","https://www.congress.gov/member/kasten-robert-w-jr-/K000019"]}],"A000337":[{"id":"P200_A000337","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Les AuCoin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Les AuCoin began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000337","https://www.congress.gov/member/les-aucoin/A000337"]}],"M000473":[{"id":"P200_M000473","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Matthew F. McHugh — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Matthew F. McHugh began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000473","https://www.congress.gov/member/matthew-f-mchugh/M000473"]}],"E000077":[{"id":"P200_E000077","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mickey Edwards — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Mickey Edwards began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000077","https://www.congress.gov/member/mickey-edwards/E000077"]}],"M000139":[{"id":"P200_M000139","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ron Marlenee — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Ron Marlenee began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000139","https://www.congress.gov/member/ron-marlenee/M000139"]}],"W000258":[{"id":"P200_W000258","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ted Weiss — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–102)","explanation":"Ted Weiss began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000258","https://www.congress.gov/member/ted-weiss/W000258"]}],"D000471":[{"id":"P200_D000471","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas J. Downey — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Thomas J. Downey began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000471","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-j-downey/D000471"]}],"W000647":[{"id":"P200_W000647","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Timothy Wirth — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–102)","explanation":"Timothy Wirth began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":102,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000647","https://www.congress.gov/member/timothy-wirth/W000647"]}],"S000795":[{"id":"P200_S000795","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Arlan Stangeland — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–101)","explanation":"Arlan Stangeland began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000795","https://www.congress.gov/member/arlan-stangeland/S000795"]}],"Q000007":[{"id":"P200_Q000007","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan Quayle — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–101)","explanation":"Dan Quayle began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Q000007","https://www.congress.gov/member/dan-quayle/Q000007"]}],"L000509":[{"id":"P200_L000509","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald E. Lukens — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–101)","explanation":"Donald E. Lukens began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000509","https://www.congress.gov/member/donald-e-lukens/L000509"]}],"F000215":[{"id":"P200_F000215","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James J. Florio — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–101)","explanation":"James J. Florio began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000215","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-j-florio/F000215"]}],"G000047":[{"id":"P200_G000047","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert Garcia — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–101)","explanation":"Robert Garcia began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000047","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-garcia/G000047"]}],"P000080":[{"id":"P200_P000080","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stanford E. (Stan) Parris — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–101)","explanation":"Stanford E. (Stan) Parris began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000080","https://www.congress.gov/member/stanford-e-stan-parris/P000080"]}],"S000622":[{"id":"P200_S000622","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Virginia Smith — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–101)","explanation":"Virginia Smith began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000622","https://www.congress.gov/member/virginia-smith/S000622"]}],"A000219":[{"id":"P200_A000219","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William L. Armstrong — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–101)","explanation":"William L. Armstrong began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":101,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000219","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-l-armstrong/A000219"]}],"B000620":[{"id":"P200_B000620","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Don Bonker — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–100)","explanation":"Don Bonker began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000620","https://www.congress.gov/member/don-bonker/B000620"]}],"Z000013":[{"id":"P200_Z000013","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward Zorinsky — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–100)","explanation":"Edward Zorinsky began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Z000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-zorinsky/Z000013"]}],"T000075":[{"id":"P200_T000075","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"G. Taylor — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–100)","explanation":"G. Taylor began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000075","https://www.congress.gov/member/g-taylor/T000075"]}],"K000086":[{"id":"P200_K000086","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Kemp — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–100)","explanation":"Jack Kemp began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000086","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-kemp/K000086"]}],"C000356":[{"id":"P200_C000356","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lawton Chiles — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–100)","explanation":"Lawton Chiles began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000356","https://www.congress.gov/member/lawton-chiles/C000356"]}],"M000527":[{"id":"P200_M000527","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stewart B. McKinney — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–100)","explanation":"Stewart B. McKinney began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000527","https://www.congress.gov/member/stewart-b-mckinney/M000527"]}],"T000367":[{"id":"P200_T000367","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Trible, Paul S., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–100)","explanation":"Trible, Paul S., Jr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000367","https://www.congress.gov/member/trible-paul-s-jr-/T000367"]}],"W000253":[{"id":"P200_W000253","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Weicker, Lowell P., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–100)","explanation":"Weicker, Lowell P., Jr. began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":100,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000253","https://www.congress.gov/member/weicker-lowell-p-jr-/W000253"]}],"C000788":[{"id":"P200_C000788","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Baltasar Corrada — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–99)","explanation":"Baltasar Corrada began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000788","https://www.congress.gov/member/baltasar-corrada/C000788"]}],"B000298":[{"id":"P200_B000298","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Berkley W. Bedell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–99)","explanation":"Berkley W. Bedell began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000298","https://www.congress.gov/member/berkley-w-bedell/B000298"]}],"H000449":[{"id":"P200_H000449","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cecil Heftel — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–99)","explanation":"Cecil Heftel began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000449","https://www.congress.gov/member/cecil-heftel/H000449"]}],"R000495":[{"id":"P200_R000495","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Eldon D. Rudd — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–99)","explanation":"Eldon D. Rudd began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000495","https://www.congress.gov/member/eldon-d-rudd/R000495"]}],"H000624":[{"id":"P200_H000624","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elwood H. Hillis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–99)","explanation":"Elwood H. Hillis began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000624","https://www.congress.gov/member/elwood-h-hillis/H000624"]}],"W000406":[{"id":"P200_W000406","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"G. William Whitehurst — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–99)","explanation":"G. William Whitehurst began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000406","https://www.congress.gov/member/g-william-whitehurst/W000406"]}],"H000287":[{"id":"P200_H000287","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary W. Hart — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–99)","explanation":"Gary W. Hart began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000287","https://www.congress.gov/member/gary-w-hart/H000287"]}],"O000010":[{"id":"P200_O000010","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George M. O'Brien — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–99)","explanation":"George M. O'Brien began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000010","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-m-o-brien/O000010"]}],"L000417":[{"id":"P200_L000417","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gillis W. Long — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–99)","explanation":"Gillis W. Long began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000417","https://www.congress.gov/member/gillis-w-long/L000417"]}],"H000070":[{"id":"P200_H000070","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hall, Sam B., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–99)","explanation":"Hall, Sam B., Jr. began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000070","https://www.congress.gov/member/hall-sam-b-jr-/H000070"]}],"A000009":[{"id":"P200_A000009","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Abdnor — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–99)","explanation":"James Abdnor began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000009","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-abdnor/A000009"]}],"W000227":[{"id":"P200_W000227","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James H. Weaver — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–99)","explanation":"James H. Weaver began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000227","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-h-weaver/W000227"]}],"J000232":[{"id":"P200_J000232","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James R. Jones — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–99)","explanation":"James R. Jones began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000232","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-r-jones/J000232"]}],"S000230":[{"id":"P200_S000230","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John F. Seiberling — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–99)","explanation":"John F. Seiberling began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000230","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-f-seiberling/S000230"]}],"H000747":[{"id":"P200_H000747","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marjorie S. Holt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–99)","explanation":"Marjorie S. Holt began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000747","https://www.congress.gov/member/marjorie-s-holt/H000747"]}],"M000826":[{"id":"P200_M000826","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Parren J. Mitchell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–99)","explanation":"Parren J. Mitchell began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000826","https://www.congress.gov/member/parren-j-mitchell/M000826"]}],"E000043":[{"id":"P200_E000043","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert W. Edgar — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–99)","explanation":"Robert W. Edgar began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000043","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-w-edgar/E000043"]}],"L000516":[{"id":"P200_L000516","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stanley N. Lundine — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–99)","explanation":"Stanley N. Lundine began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000516","https://www.congress.gov/member/stanley-n-lundine/L000516"]}],"K000190":[{"id":"P200_K000190","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas N. Kindness — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–99)","explanation":"Thomas N. Kindness began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000190","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-n-kindness/K000190"]}],"M000923":[{"id":"P200_M000923","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"W. Henson Moore — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–99)","explanation":"W. Henson Moore began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000923","https://www.congress.gov/member/w-henson-moore/M000923"]}],"W000419":[{"id":"P200_W000419","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Whitley, Charles O., Sr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–99)","explanation":"Whitley, Charles O., Sr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":99,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000419","https://www.congress.gov/member/whitley-charles-o-sr-/W000419"]}],"W000686":[{"id":"P200_W000686","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Antonio B. Won Pat — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–98)","explanation":"Antonio B. Won Pat began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000686","https://www.congress.gov/member/antonio-b-won-pat/W000686"]}],"B000063":[{"id":"P200_B000063","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Baker, Howard H., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–98)","explanation":"Baker, Howard H., Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000063","https://www.congress.gov/member/baker-howard-h-jr-/B000063"]}],"P000222":[{"id":"P200_P000222","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles H. Percy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–98)","explanation":"Charles H. Percy began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000222","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-h-percy/P000222"]}],"M000143":[{"id":"P200_M000143","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Daniel Marriott — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–98)","explanation":"David Daniel Marriott began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000143","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-daniel-marriott/M000143"]}],"F000286":[{"id":"P200_F000286","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edwin B. Forsythe — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–98)","explanation":"Edwin B. Forsythe began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000286","https://www.congress.gov/member/edwin-b-forsythe/F000286"]}],"L000265":[{"id":"P200_L000265","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elliott H. Levitas — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–98)","explanation":"Elliott H. Levitas began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000265","https://www.congress.gov/member/elliott-h-levitas/L000265"]}],"H000171":[{"id":"P200_H000171","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George V. Hansen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–98)","explanation":"George V. Hansen began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000171","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-v-hansen/H000171"]}],"S000087":[{"id":"P200_S000087","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold S. Sawyer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–98)","explanation":"Harold S. Sawyer began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000087","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-s-sawyer/S000087"]}],"A000207":[{"id":"P200_A000207","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ike Andrews — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–98)","explanation":"Ike Andrews began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000207","https://www.congress.gov/member/ike-andrews/A000207"]}],"R000337":[{"id":"P200_R000337","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Kenneth Robinson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–98)","explanation":"J. Kenneth Robinson began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000337","https://www.congress.gov/member/j-kenneth-robinson/R000337"]}],"H000582":[{"id":"P200_H000582","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack E. Hightower — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–98)","explanation":"Jack E. Hightower began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000582","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-e-hightower/H000582"]}],"M000183":[{"id":"P200_M000183","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James G. Martin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–98)","explanation":"James G. Martin began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000183","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-g-martin/M000183"]}],"P000121":[{"id":"P200_P000121","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry M. Patterson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–98)","explanation":"Jerry M. Patterson began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000121","https://www.congress.gov/member/jerry-m-patterson/P000121"]}],"P000546":[{"id":"P200_P000546","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joel Pritchard — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–98)","explanation":"Joel Pritchard began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000546","https://www.congress.gov/member/joel-pritchard/P000546"]}],"K000025":[{"id":"P200_K000025","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kazen, Abraham, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–98)","explanation":"Kazen, Abraham, Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000025","https://www.congress.gov/member/kazen-abraham-jr-/K000025"]}],"M000413":[{"id":"P200_M000413","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lawrence P. McDonald — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–98)","explanation":"Lawrence P. McDonald began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000413","https://www.congress.gov/member/lawrence-p-mcdonald/M000413"]}],"D000017":[{"id":"P200_D000017","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Norman E. D'Amours — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–98)","explanation":"Norman E. D'Amours began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000017","https://www.congress.gov/member/norman-e-d-amours/D000017"]}],"T000393":[{"id":"P200_T000393","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul E. Tsongas — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–98)","explanation":"Paul E. Tsongas began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000393","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-e-tsongas/T000393"]}],"O000134":[{"id":"P200_O000134","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard L. Ottinger — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–98)","explanation":"Richard L. Ottinger began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000134","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-l-ottinger/O000134"]}],"C000773":[{"id":"P200_C000773","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom Corcoran — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–98)","explanation":"Tom Corcoran began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000773","https://www.congress.gov/member/tom-corcoran/C000773"]}],"H000905":[{"id":"P200_H000905","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter (Dee) Huddleston — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–98)","explanation":"Walter (Dee) Huddleston began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000905","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-dee-huddleston/H000905"]}],"W000636":[{"id":"P200_W000636","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Winn, Larry, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–98)","explanation":"Winn, Larry, Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":98,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000636","https://www.congress.gov/member/winn-larry-jr-/W000636"]}],"E000208":[{"id":"P200_E000208","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Allen E. Ertel — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Allen E. Ertel began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000208","https://www.congress.gov/member/allen-e-ertel/E000208"]}],"B000363":[{"id":"P200_B000363","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Benjamin, Adam, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Benjamin, Adam, Jr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000363","https://www.congress.gov/member/benjamin-adam-jr-/B000363"]}],"G000226":[{"id":"P200_G000226","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bo Ginn — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"Bo Ginn began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000226","https://www.congress.gov/member/bo-ginn/G000226"]}],"B000910":[{"id":"P200_B000910","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Brown, Clarence, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–97)","explanation":"Brown, Clarence, Jr. began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000910","https://www.congress.gov/member/brown-clarence-jr-/B000910"]}],"B001209":[{"id":"P200_B001209","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Byrd, Harry F.,  Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–97)","explanation":"Byrd, Harry F.,  Jr. began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001209","https://www.congress.gov/member/byrd-harry-f-jr-/B001209"]}],"B001080":[{"id":"P200_B001080","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clair W. Burgener — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"Clair W. Burgener began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001080","https://www.congress.gov/member/clair-w-burgener/B001080"]}],"D000037":[{"id":"P200_D000037","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Daniel, Robert W., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"Daniel, Robert W., Jr. began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000037","https://www.congress.gov/member/daniel-robert-w-jr-/D000037"]}],"S000935":[{"id":"P200_S000935","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David A. Stockman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"David A. Stockman began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000935","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-a-stockman/S000935"]}],"E000175":[{"id":"P200_E000175","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David F. Emery — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"David F. Emery began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000175","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-f-emery/E000175"]}],"B000682":[{"id":"P200_B000682","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David R. Bowen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"David R. Bowen began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000682","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-r-bowen/B000682"]}],"M000808":[{"id":"P200_M000808","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald J. Mitchell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"Donald J. Mitchell began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000808","https://www.congress.gov/member/donald-j-mitchell/M000808"]}],"E000258":[{"id":"P200_E000258","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Evans, Thomas B., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Evans, Thomas B., Jr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000258","https://www.congress.gov/member/evans-thomas-b-jr-/E000258"]}],"F000161":[{"id":"P200_F000161","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Floyd J. Fithian — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Floyd J. Fithian began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000161","https://www.congress.gov/member/floyd-j-fithian/F000161"]}],"R000232":[{"id":"P200_R000232","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frederick W. Richmond — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Frederick W. Richmond began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000232","https://www.congress.gov/member/frederick-w-richmond/R000232"]}],"D000043":[{"id":"P200_D000043","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George E. Danielson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–97)","explanation":"George E. Danielson began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000043","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-e-danielson/D000043"]}],"S000716":[{"id":"P200_S000716","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gladys Noon Spellman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Gladys Noon Spellman began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000716","https://www.congress.gov/member/gladys-noon-spellman/S000716"]}],"G000268":[{"id":"P200_G000268","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Goldwater, Barry, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–97)","explanation":"Goldwater, Barry, Jr. began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000268","https://www.congress.gov/member/goldwater-barry-jr-/G000268"]}],"H000722":[{"id":"P200_H000722","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold C. Hollenbeck — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Harold C. Hollenbeck began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000722","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-c-hollenbeck/H000722"]}],"S000132":[{"id":"P200_S000132","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harrison H. Schmitt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Harrison H. Schmitt began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000132","https://www.congress.gov/member/harrison-h-schmitt/S000132"]}],"S000804":[{"id":"P200_S000804","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. William Stanton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–97)","explanation":"J. William Stanton began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000804","https://www.congress.gov/member/j-william-stanton/S000804"]}],"B000839":[{"id":"P200_B000839","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack Brinkley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–97)","explanation":"Jack Brinkley began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000839","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-brinkley/B000839"]}],"M000260":[{"id":"P200_M000260","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James A. Mattox — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"James A. Mattox began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000260","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-a-mattox/M000260"]}],"B000538":[{"id":"P200_B000538","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Blanchard — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"James Blanchard began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000538","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-blanchard/B000538"]}],"S000058":[{"id":"P200_S000058","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James D. Santini — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"James D. Santini began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000058","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-d-santini/S000058"]}],"B001153":[{"id":"P200_B001153","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Burton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"John Burton began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001153","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-burton/B001153"]}],"F000040":[{"id":"P200_F000040","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John G. Fary — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"John G. Fary began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000040","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-g-fary/F000040"]}],"R000469":[{"id":"P200_R000469","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John H. Rousselot — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–97)","explanation":"John H. Rousselot began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000469","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-h-rousselot/R000469"]}],"B000472":[{"id":"P200_B000472","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jonathan B. Bingham — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–97)","explanation":"Jonathan B. Bingham began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000472","https://www.congress.gov/member/jonathan-b-bingham/B000472"]}],"H000719":[{"id":"P200_H000719","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Kenneth L. Holland — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Kenneth L. Holland began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000719","https://www.congress.gov/member/kenneth-l-holland/H000719"]}],"B000029":[{"id":"P200_B000029","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"L. A. (Skip) Bafalis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"L. A. (Skip) Bafalis began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000029","https://www.congress.gov/member/l-a-skip-bafalis/B000029"]}],"Z000002":[{"id":"P200_Z000002","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leo C. Zeferetti — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Leo C. Zeferetti began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Z000002","https://www.congress.gov/member/leo-c-zeferetti/Z000002"]}],"B001182":[{"id":"P200_B001182","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"M. Caldwell Butler — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–97)","explanation":"M. Caldwell Butler began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001182","https://www.congress.gov/member/m-caldwell-butler/B001182"]}],"M000136":[{"id":"P200_M000136","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marc L. Marks — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Marc L. Marks began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000136","https://www.congress.gov/member/marc-l-marks/M000136"]}],"H000440":[{"id":"P200_H000440","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Margaret M. Heckler — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–97)","explanation":"Margaret M. Heckler began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000440","https://www.congress.gov/member/margaret-m-heckler/H000440"]}],"M000343":[{"id":"P200_M000343","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"McCloskey, Paul N., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–97)","explanation":"McCloskey, Paul N., Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000343","https://www.congress.gov/member/mccloskey-paul-n-jr-/M000343"]}],"F000078":[{"id":"P200_F000078","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Millicent H. Fenwick — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Millicent H. Fenwick began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000078","https://www.congress.gov/member/millicent-h-fenwick/F000078"]}],"P000280":[{"id":"P200_P000280","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter A. Peyser — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–97)","explanation":"Peter A. Peyser began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000280","https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-a-peyser/P000280"]}],"L000187":[{"id":"P200_L000187","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Raymond F. Lederer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Raymond F. Lederer began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000187","https://www.congress.gov/member/raymond-f-lederer/L000187"]}],"W000390":[{"id":"P200_W000390","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard C. White — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–97)","explanation":"Richard C. White began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000390","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-c-white/W000390"]}],"M000845":[{"id":"P200_M000845","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert H. Mollohan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–97)","explanation":"Robert H. Mollohan began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000845","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-h-mollohan/M000845"]}],"B000280":[{"id":"P200_B000280","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robin Beard — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"Robin Beard began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000280","https://www.congress.gov/member/robin-beard/B000280"]}],"M001044":[{"id":"P200_M001044","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ronald M. Mottl — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Ronald M. Mottl began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001044","https://www.congress.gov/member/ronald-m-mottl/M001044"]}],"H000384":[{"id":"P200_H000384","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–97)","explanation":"Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000384","https://www.congress.gov/member/samuel-ichiye-hayakawa/H000384"]}],"C000371":[{"id":"P200_C000371","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shirley Chisholm — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–97)","explanation":"Shirley Chisholm began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000371","https://www.congress.gov/member/shirley-chisholm/C000371"]}],"G000537":[{"id":"P200_G000537","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tennyson Guyer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–97)","explanation":"Tennyson Guyer began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000537","https://www.congress.gov/member/tennyson-guyer/G000537"]}],"R000012":[{"id":"P200_R000012","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas F. Railsback — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–97)","explanation":"Thomas F. Railsback began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000012","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-f-railsback/R000012"]}],"H000012":[{"id":"P200_H000012","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas M. Hagedorn — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Thomas M. Hagedorn began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000012","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-m-hagedorn/H000012"]}],"M000839":[{"id":"P200_M000839","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Toby Moffett — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"Toby Moffett began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000839","https://www.congress.gov/member/toby-moffett/M000839"]}],"B000862":[{"id":"P200_B000862","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William Brodhead — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–97)","explanation":"William Brodhead began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000862","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-brodhead/B000862"]}],"W000121":[{"id":"P200_W000121","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William C. Wampler — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–97)","explanation":"William C. Wampler began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000121","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-c-wampler/W000121"]}],"C000799":[{"id":"P200_C000799","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William R. Cotter — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–97)","explanation":"William R. Cotter began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":97,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000799","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-r-cotter/C000799"]}],"M000703":[{"id":"P200_M000703","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Abner J. Mikva — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–96)","explanation":"Abner J. Mikva began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000703","https://www.congress.gov/member/abner-j-mikva/M000703"]}],"B000083":[{"id":"P200_B000083","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alvin J. Baldus — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Alvin J. Baldus began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000083","https://www.congress.gov/member/alvin-j-baldus/B000083"]}],"M000058":[{"id":"P200_M000058","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andrew Maguire — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Andrew Maguire began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000058","https://www.congress.gov/member/andrew-maguire/M000058"]}],"B000254":[{"id":"P200_B000254","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Birch Bayh — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"Birch Bayh began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000254","https://www.congress.gov/member/birch-bayh/B000254"]}],"E000035":[{"id":"P200_E000035","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Eckhardt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–96)","explanation":"Bob Eckhardt began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000035","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-eckhardt/E000035"]}],"W000571":[{"id":"P200_W000571","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles H. Wilson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"Charles H. Wilson began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000571","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-h-wilson/W000571"]}],"T000362":[{"id":"P200_T000362","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David C. Treen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–96)","explanation":"David C. Treen began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000362","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-c-treen/T000362"]}],"M000244":[{"id":"P200_M000244","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dawson Mathis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–96)","explanation":"Dawson Mathis began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000244","https://www.congress.gov/member/dawson-mathis/M000244"]}],"S000907":[{"id":"P200_S000907","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald Stewart — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–96)","explanation":"Donald Stewart began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000907","https://www.congress.gov/member/donald-stewart/S000907"]}],"B000279":[{"id":"P200_B000279","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward Beard — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Edward Beard began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000279","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-beard/B000279"]}],"P000106":[{"id":"P200_P000106","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward J. Patten — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"Edward J. Patten began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000106","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-j-patten/P000106"]}],"H000752":[{"id":"P200_H000752","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Holtzman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–96)","explanation":"Elizabeth Holtzman began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000752","https://www.congress.gov/member/elizabeth-holtzman/H000752"]}],"N000033":[{"id":"P200_N000033","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gaylord Nelson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"Gaylord Nelson began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000033","https://www.congress.gov/member/gaylord-nelson/N000033"]}],"R000510":[{"id":"P200_R000510","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold L. Runnels — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–96)","explanation":"Harold L. Runnels began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000510","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-l-runnels/R000510"]}],"H000241":[{"id":"P200_H000241","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harris, Herbert E., II — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Harris, Herbert E., II began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000241","https://www.congress.gov/member/harris-herbert-e-ii/H000241"]}],"B000351":[{"id":"P200_B000351","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry L. Bellmon — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–96)","explanation":"Henry L. Bellmon began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000351","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-l-bellmon/B000351"]}],"C000512":[{"id":"P200_C000512","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James C. Cleveland — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"James C. Cleveland began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000512","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-c-cleveland/C000512"]}],"L000379":[{"id":"P200_L000379","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James F. Lloyd — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"James F. Lloyd began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000379","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-f-lloyd/L000379"]}],"H000158":[{"id":"P200_H000158","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James M. Hanley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–96)","explanation":"James M. Hanley began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000158","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-m-hanley/H000158"]}],"J000148":[{"id":"P200_J000148","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James P. (Jim) Johnson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–96)","explanation":"James P. (Jim) Johnson began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000148","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-p-jim-johnson/J000148"]}],"J000099":[{"id":"P200_J000099","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jenrette, John W., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Jenrette, John W., Jr. began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000099","https://www.congress.gov/member/jenrette-john-w-jr-/J000099"]}],"A000170":[{"id":"P200_A000170","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerome A. Ambro — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Jerome A. Ambro began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000170","https://www.congress.gov/member/jerome-a-ambro/A000170"]}],"F000151":[{"id":"P200_F000151","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joesph L. Fisher — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Joesph L. Fisher began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000151","https://www.congress.gov/member/joesph-l-fisher/F000151"]}],"D000574":[{"id":"P200_D000574","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John A. Durkin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"John A. Durkin began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000574","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-a-durkin/D000574"]}],"B001008":[{"id":"P200_B001008","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Buchanan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–96)","explanation":"John Buchanan began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001008","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-buchanan/B001008"]}],"C000979":[{"id":"P200_C000979","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John C. Culver — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–96)","explanation":"John C. Culver began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000979","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-c-culver/C000979"]}],"C000261":[{"id":"P200_C000261","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John J. Cavanaugh — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–96)","explanation":"John J. Cavanaugh began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000261","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-j-cavanaugh/C000261"]}],"M001098":[{"id":"P200_M001098","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John M. Murphy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"John M. Murphy began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001098","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-m-murphy/M001098"]}],"W000780":[{"id":"P200_W000780","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Wydler — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"John W. Wydler began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000780","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-w-wydler/W000780"]}],"M000490":[{"id":"P200_M000490","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"K. Gunn McKay — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–96)","explanation":"K. Gunn McKay began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000490","https://www.congress.gov/member/k-gunn-mckay/M000490"]}],"S000217":[{"id":"P200_S000217","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Keith G. Sebelius — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–96)","explanation":"Keith G. Sebelius began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000217","https://www.congress.gov/member/keith-g-sebelius/S000217"]}],"W000680":[{"id":"P200_W000680","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lester L. Wolff — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–96)","explanation":"Lester L. Wolff began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000680","https://www.congress.gov/member/lester-l-wolff/W000680"]}],"V000024":[{"id":"P200_V000024","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lionel Van Deerlin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"Lionel Van Deerlin began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000024","https://www.congress.gov/member/lionel-van-deerlin/V000024"]}],"D000125":[{"id":"P200_D000125","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mendel J. Davis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–96)","explanation":"Mendel J. Davis began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000125","https://www.congress.gov/member/mendel-j-davis/D000125"]}],"M001132":[{"id":"P200_M001132","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael O. Myers — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–96)","explanation":"Michael O. Myers began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001132","https://www.congress.gov/member/michael-o-myers/M001132"]}],"G000388":[{"id":"P200_G000388","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike Gravel — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–96)","explanation":"Mike Gravel began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000388","https://www.congress.gov/member/mike-gravel/G000388"]}],"M000365":[{"id":"P200_M000365","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mike McCormack — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–96)","explanation":"Mike McCormack began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000365","https://www.congress.gov/member/mike-mccormack/M000365"]}],"M001101":[{"id":"P200_M001101","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Morgan F. Murphy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–96)","explanation":"Morgan F. Murphy began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001101","https://www.congress.gov/member/morgan-f-murphy/M001101"]}],"S000962":[{"id":"P200_S000962","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard (Dick) Stone — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Richard (Dick) Stone began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000962","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-dick-stone/S000962"]}],"K000077":[{"id":"P200_K000077","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Kelly — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Richard Kelly began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000077","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-kelly/K000077"]}],"P000520":[{"id":"P200_P000520","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richardson Preyer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–96)","explanation":"Richardson Preyer began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000520","https://www.congress.gov/member/richardson-preyer/P000520"]}],"D000537":[{"id":"P200_D000537","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert B. Duncan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–96)","explanation":"Robert B. Duncan began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000537","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-b-duncan/D000537"]}],"M000956":[{"id":"P200_M000956","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert B. Morgan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–96)","explanation":"Robert B. Morgan began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000956","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-b-morgan/M000956"]}],"M000433":[{"id":"P200_M000433","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert C. McEwen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–96)","explanation":"Robert C. McEwen began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000433","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-c-mcewen/M000433"]}],"B000244":[{"id":"P200_B000244","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert E. Bauman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–96)","explanation":"Robert E. Bauman began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000244","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-e-bauman/B000244"]}],"D000499":[{"id":"P200_D000499","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert F. Drinan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–96)","explanation":"Robert F. Drinan began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000499","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-f-drinan/D000499"]}],"S000070":[{"id":"P200_S000070","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Satterfield, David E., III — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–96)","explanation":"Satterfield, David E., III began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000070","https://www.congress.gov/member/satterfield-david-e-iii/S000070"]}],"S000890":[{"id":"P200_S000890","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stevenson, Adlai E., III — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–96)","explanation":"Stevenson, Adlai E., III began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000890","https://www.congress.gov/member/stevenson-adlai-e-iii/S000890"]}],"C000201":[{"id":"P200_C000201","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim Lee Carter — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–96)","explanation":"Tim Lee Carter began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000201","https://www.congress.gov/member/tim-lee-carter/C000201"]}],"G000515":[{"id":"P200_G000515","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"V. Lamar Gudger — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–96)","explanation":"V. Lamar Gudger began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":96,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000515","https://www.congress.gov/member/v-lamar-gudger/G000515"]}],"Y000028":[{"id":"P200_Y000028","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andrew Young — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Andrew Young began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000028","https://www.congress.gov/member/andrew-young/Y000028"]}],"J000266":[{"id":"P200_J000266","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Barbara Jordan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Barbara Jordan began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000266","https://www.congress.gov/member/barbara-jordan/J000266"]}],"B000408":[{"id":"P200_B000408","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Bergland — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–95)","explanation":"Bob Bergland began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000408","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-bergland/B000408"]}],"C000137":[{"id":"P200_C000137","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bruce F. Caputo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Bruce F. Caputo began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000137","https://www.congress.gov/member/bruce-f-caputo/C000137"]}],"W000448":[{"id":"P200_W000448","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles E. Wiggins — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"Charles E. Wiggins began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000448","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-e-wiggins/W000448"]}],"C000164":[{"id":"P200_C000164","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles J. Carney — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–95)","explanation":"Charles J. Carney began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000164","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-j-carney/C000164"]}],"T000234":[{"id":"P200_T000234","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Thone — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–95)","explanation":"Charles Thone began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000234","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-thone/T000234"]}],"H000170":[{"id":"P200_H000170","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clifford P. Hansen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"Clifford P. Hansen began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000170","https://www.congress.gov/member/clifford-p-hansen/H000170"]}],"A000118":[{"id":"P200_A000118","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clifford R. Allen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Clifford R. Allen began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000118","https://www.congress.gov/member/clifford-r-allen/A000118"]}],"M000708":[{"id":"P200_M000708","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dale Milford — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Dale Milford began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000708","https://www.congress.gov/member/dale-milford/M000708"]}],"C000787":[{"id":"P200_C000787","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David L. Cornwell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"David L. Cornwell began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000787","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-l-cornwell/C000787"]}],"C000476":[{"id":"P200_C000476","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Del Clawson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–95)","explanation":"Del Clawson began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000476","https://www.congress.gov/member/del-clawson/C000476"]}],"B000200":[{"id":"P200_B000200","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dewey F. Bartlett — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Dewey F. Bartlett began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000200","https://www.congress.gov/member/dewey-f-bartlett/B000200"]}],"C000448":[{"id":"P200_C000448","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dick Clark — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Dick Clark began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000448","https://www.congress.gov/member/dick-clark/C000448"]}],"F000350":[{"id":"P200_F000350","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald M. Fraser — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–95)","explanation":"Donald M. Fraser began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000350","https://www.congress.gov/member/donald-m-fraser/F000350"]}],"K000302":[{"id":"P200_K000302","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward I. Koch — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–95)","explanation":"Edward I. Koch began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000302","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-i-koch/K000302"]}],"B000871":[{"id":"P200_B000871","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward W. Brooke — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"Edward W. Brooke began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000871","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-w-brooke/B000871"]}],"P000134":[{"id":"P200_P000134","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward W. Pattison — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Edward W. Pattison began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000134","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-w-pattison/P000134"]}],"H000317":[{"id":"P200_H000317","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Floyd K. Haskell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Floyd K. Haskell began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000317","https://www.congress.gov/member/floyd-k-haskell/H000317"]}],"R000423":[{"id":"P200_R000423","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Fred B. Rooney — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–95)","explanation":"Fred B. Rooney began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000423","https://www.congress.gov/member/fred-b-rooney/R000423"]}],"F000381":[{"id":"P200_F000381","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frey, Lou, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–95)","explanation":"Frey, Lou, Jr. began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000381","https://www.congress.gov/member/frey-lou-jr-/F000381"]}],"B000917":[{"id":"P200_B000917","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Garry E. Brown — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"Garry E. Brown began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000917","https://www.congress.gov/member/garry-e-brown/B000917"]}],"M001128":[{"id":"P200_M001128","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gary A. Myers — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Gary A. Myers began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001128","https://www.congress.gov/member/gary-a-myers/M001128"]}],"B001221":[{"id":"P200_B001221","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Goodloe E. Byron — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–95)","explanation":"Goodloe E. Byron began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001221","https://www.congress.gov/member/goodloe-e-byron/B001221"]}],"M000685":[{"id":"P200_M000685","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Helen S. Meyner — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Helen S. Meyner began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000685","https://www.congress.gov/member/helen-s-meyner/M000685"]}],"B000025":[{"id":"P200_B000025","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Herman Badillo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–95)","explanation":"Herman Badillo began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000025","https://www.congress.gov/member/herman-badillo/B000025"]}],"H000675":[{"id":"P200_H000675","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hodges, Kaneaster, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Hodges, Kaneaster, Jr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000675","https://www.congress.gov/member/hodges-kaneaster-jr-/H000675"]}],"B001091":[{"id":"P200_B001091","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Herbert Burke — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"J. Herbert Burke began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001091","https://www.congress.gov/member/j-herbert-burke/B001091"]}],"A000017":[{"id":"P200_A000017","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Abourezk — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–95)","explanation":"James Abourezk began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000017","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-abourezk/A000017"]}],"A000127":[{"id":"P200_A000127","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James B. Allen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–95)","explanation":"James B. Allen began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000127","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-b-allen/A000127"]}],"P000166":[{"id":"P200_P000166","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James B. Pearson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–95)","explanation":"James B. Pearson began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000166","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-b-pearson/P000166"]}],"M000105":[{"id":"P200_M000105","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James R. Mann — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–95)","explanation":"James R. Mann began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000105","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-r-mann/M000105"]}],"S000472":[{"id":"P200_S000472","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joe Skubitz — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–95)","explanation":"Joe Skubitz began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000472","https://www.congress.gov/member/joe-skubitz/S000472"]}],"B000788":[{"id":"P200_B000788","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John B. Breckinridge — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"John B. Breckinridge began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000788","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-b-breckinridge/B000788"]}],"C000992":[{"id":"P200_C000992","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. (Jack) Cunningham — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"John E. (Jack) Cunningham began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000992","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-e-jack-cunningham/C000992"]}],"K000325":[{"id":"P200_K000325","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John H. Krebs — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"John H. Krebs began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000325","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-h-krebs/K000325"]}],"M000332":[{"id":"P200_M000332","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John L. McClellan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"John L. McClellan began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000332","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-l-mcclellan/M000332"]}],"L000561":[{"id":"P200_L000561","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph A. LeFante — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Joseph A. LeFante began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000561","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-a-lefante/L000561"]}],"A000177":[{"id":"P200_A000177","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph S. Ammerman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Joseph S. Ammerman began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000177","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-s-ammerman/A000177"]}],"E000096":[{"id":"P200_E000096","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joshua Eilberg — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"Joshua Eilberg began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000096","https://www.congress.gov/member/joshua-eilberg/E000096"]}],"M000626":[{"id":"P200_M000626","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lloyd Meeds — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–95)","explanation":"Lloyd Meeds began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000626","https://www.congress.gov/member/lloyd-meeds/M000626"]}],"H000166":[{"id":"P200_H000166","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Mark W. Hannaford — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Mark W. Hannaford began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000166","https://www.congress.gov/member/mark-w-hannaford/H000166"]}],"K000162":[{"id":"P200_K000162","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Martha E. Keys — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Martha E. Keys began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000162","https://www.congress.gov/member/martha-e-keys/K000162"]}],"A000139":[{"id":"P200_A000139","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Maryon Allen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Maryon Allen began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000139","https://www.congress.gov/member/maryon-allen/A000139"]}],"B000567":[{"id":"P200_B000567","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael Blouin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Michael Blouin began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000567","https://www.congress.gov/member/michael-blouin/B000567"]}],"H000230":[{"id":"P200_H000230","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Michael J. Harrington — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–95)","explanation":"Michael J. Harrington began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000230","https://www.congress.gov/member/michael-j-harrington/H000230"]}],"H000956":[{"id":"P200_H000956","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Muriel Humphrey — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Muriel Humphrey began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000956","https://www.congress.gov/member/muriel-humphrey/H000956"]}],"P000348":[{"id":"P200_P000348","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Otis G. Pike — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–95)","explanation":"Otis G. Pike began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000348","https://www.congress.gov/member/otis-g-pike/P000348"]}],"H000344":[{"id":"P200_H000344","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul Hatfield — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Paul Hatfield began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000344","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-hatfield/H000344"]}],"R000512":[{"id":"P200_R000512","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Philip E. Ruppe — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"Philip E. Ruppe began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000512","https://www.congress.gov/member/philip-e-ruppe/R000512"]}],"M000675":[{"id":"P200_M000675","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ralph H. Metcalfe — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–95)","explanation":"Ralph H. Metcalfe began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000675","https://www.congress.gov/member/ralph-h-metcalfe/M000675"]}],"T000310":[{"id":"P200_T000310","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard A. Tonry — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Richard A. Tonry began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000310","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-a-tonry/T000310"]}],"G000036":[{"id":"P200_G000036","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert A. Gammage — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Robert A. Gammage began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000036","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-a-gammage/G000036"]}],"C000782":[{"id":"P200_C000782","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert J. Cornell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Robert J. Cornell began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000782","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-j-cornell/C000782"]}],"L000221":[{"id":"P200_L000221","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert L. Leggett — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–95)","explanation":"Robert L. Leggett began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000221","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-l-leggett/L000221"]}],"G000465":[{"id":"P200_G000465","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert P. Griffin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–95)","explanation":"Robert P. Griffin began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000465","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-p-griffin/G000465"]}],"S000062":[{"id":"P200_S000062","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ronald A. Sarasin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Ronald A. Sarasin began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000062","https://www.congress.gov/member/ronald-a-sarasin/S000062"]}],"P000273":[{"id":"P200_P000273","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Shirley N. Pettis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Shirley N. Pettis began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000273","https://www.congress.gov/member/shirley-n-pettis/P000273"]}],"S000844":[{"id":"P200_S000844","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Steers, Newton I., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Steers, Newton I., Jr. began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000844","https://www.congress.gov/member/steers-newton-i-jr-/S000844"]}],"R000421":[{"id":"P200_R000421","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Teno Roncalio — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–95)","explanation":"Teno Roncalio began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000421","https://www.congress.gov/member/teno-roncalio/R000421"]}],"R000268":[{"id":"P200_R000268","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Theodore M. Risenhoover — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–95)","explanation":"Theodore M. Risenhoover began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000268","https://www.congress.gov/member/theodore-m-risenhoover/R000268"]}],"M000486":[{"id":"P200_M000486","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas J. McIntyre — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–95)","explanation":"Thomas J. McIntyre began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000486","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-j-mcintyre/M000486"]}],"T000400":[{"id":"P200_T000400","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tucker, James G., Jr. (Jim Guy) — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Tucker, James G., Jr. (Jim Guy) began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000400","https://www.congress.gov/member/tucker-james-g-jr-jim-guy-/T000400"]}],"W000018":[{"id":"P200_W000018","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Waggonner, Joe D., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–95)","explanation":"Waggonner, Joe D., Jr. began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000018","https://www.congress.gov/member/waggonner-joe-d-jr-/W000018"]}],"F000218":[{"id":"P200_F000218","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter Flowers — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–95)","explanation":"Walter Flowers began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000218","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-flowers/F000218"]}],"A000202":[{"id":"P200_A000202","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wendell R. Anderson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 95–95)","explanation":"Wendell R. Anderson began serving in Congress 95 (~1977), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":95,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000202","https://www.congress.gov/member/wendell-r-anderson/A000202"]}],"W000317":[{"id":"P200_W000317","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Whalen, Charles W., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"Whalen, Charles W., Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000317","https://www.congress.gov/member/whalen-charles-w-jr-/W000317"]}],"S000847":[{"id":"P200_S000847","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William A. Steiger — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–95)","explanation":"William A. Steiger began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000847","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-a-steiger/S000847"]}],"H000346":[{"id":"P200_H000346","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William D. Hathaway — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–95)","explanation":"William D. Hathaway began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000346","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-d-hathaway/H000346"]}],"W000107":[{"id":"P200_W000107","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William F. Walsh — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"William F. Walsh began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000107","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-f-walsh/W000107"]}],"K000153":[{"id":"P200_K000153","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William M. Ketchum — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"William M. Ketchum began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000153","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-m-ketchum/K000153"]}],"B001102":[{"id":"P200_B001102","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Yvonne B. Burke — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–95)","explanation":"Yvonne B. Burke began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":95,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001102","https://www.congress.gov/member/yvonne-b-burke/B001102"]}],"S000841":[{"id":"P200_S000841","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alan Steelman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–94)","explanation":"Alan Steelman began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000841","https://www.congress.gov/member/alan-steelman/S000841"]}],"J000115":[{"id":"P200_J000115","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Albert W. Johnson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"Albert W. Johnson began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000115","https://www.congress.gov/member/albert-w-johnson/J000115"]}],"H000851":[{"id":"P200_H000851","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Allan Howe — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–94)","explanation":"Allan Howe began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000851","https://www.congress.gov/member/allan-howe/H000851"]}],"B000330":[{"id":"P200_B000330","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alphonzo Bell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–94)","explanation":"Alphonzo Bell began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000330","https://www.congress.gov/member/alphonzo-bell/B000330"]}],"H000638":[{"id":"P200_H000638","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Andrew J. Hinshaw — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–94)","explanation":"Andrew J. Hinshaw began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000638","https://www.congress.gov/member/andrew-j-hinshaw/H000638"]}],"B000272":[{"id":"P200_B000272","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Beall, J. Glenn, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–94)","explanation":"Beall, J. Glenn, Jr. began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000272","https://www.congress.gov/member/beall-j-glenn-jr-/B000272"]}],"A000018":[{"id":"P200_A000018","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bella S. Abzug — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–94)","explanation":"Bella S. Abzug began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000018","https://www.congress.gov/member/bella-s-abzug/A000018"]}],"B000451":[{"id":"P200_B000451","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Biester, Edward G., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–94)","explanation":"Biester, Edward G., Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000451","https://www.congress.gov/member/biester-edward-g-jr-/B000451"]}],"B000851":[{"id":"P200_B000851","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Brock — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"Bill Brock began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000851","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-brock/B000851"]}],"C000228":[{"id":"P200_C000228","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bob Casey — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Bob Casey began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000228","https://www.congress.gov/member/bob-casey/C000228"]}],"T000022":[{"id":"P200_T000022","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Burt L. Talcott — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"Burt L. Talcott began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000022","https://www.congress.gov/member/burt-l-talcott/T000022"]}],"M001031":[{"id":"P200_M001031","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles A. Mosher — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–94)","explanation":"Charles A. Mosher began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001031","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-a-mosher/M001031"]}],"H000479":[{"id":"P200_H000479","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David N. Henderson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–94)","explanation":"David N. Henderson began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000479","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-n-henderson/H000479"]}],"D000041":[{"id":"P200_D000041","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dominick V. Daniels — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Dominick V. Daniels began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000041","https://www.congress.gov/member/dominick-v-daniels/D000041"]}],"C000409":[{"id":"P200_C000409","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald D. Clancy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–94)","explanation":"Donald D. Clancy began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000409","https://www.congress.gov/member/donald-d-clancy/C000409"]}],"D000558":[{"id":"P200_D000558","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"du Pont, Pierre S., IV — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–94)","explanation":"du Pont, Pierre S., IV began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000558","https://www.congress.gov/member/du-pont-pierre-s-iv/D000558"]}],"H001011":[{"id":"P200_H001011","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward Hutchinson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"Edward Hutchinson began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H001011","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-hutchinson/H001011"]}],"M000686":[{"id":"P200_M000686","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward Mezvinsky — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–94)","explanation":"Edward Mezvinsky began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000686","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-mezvinsky/M000686"]}],"E000214":[{"id":"P200_E000214","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edwin D. Eshleman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–94)","explanation":"Edwin D. Eshleman began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000214","https://www.congress.gov/member/edwin-d-eshleman/E000214"]}],"H000563":[{"id":"P200_H000563","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Floyd V. Hicks — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–94)","explanation":"Floyd V. Hicks began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000563","https://www.congress.gov/member/floyd-v-hicks/H000563"]}],"M001033":[{"id":"P200_M001033","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank E. Moss — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Frank E. Moss began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001033","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-e-moss/M001033"]}],"M000445":[{"id":"P200_M000445","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gale W. McGee — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Gale W. McGee began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000445","https://www.congress.gov/member/gale-w-mcgee/M000445"]}],"S000388":[{"id":"P200_S000388","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Garner E. Shriver — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–94)","explanation":"Garner E. Shriver began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000388","https://www.congress.gov/member/garner-e-shriver/S000388"]}],"G000513":[{"id":"P200_G000513","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gilbert Gude — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–94)","explanation":"Gilbert Gude began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000513","https://www.congress.gov/member/gilbert-gude/G000513"]}],"H000465":[{"id":"P200_H000465","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Henry Helstoski — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–94)","explanation":"Henry Helstoski began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000465","https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-helstoski/H000465"]}],"S000135":[{"id":"P200_S000135","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Herman T. Schneebeli — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Herman T. Schneebeli began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000135","https://www.congress.gov/member/herman-t-schneebeli/S000135"]}],"F000245":[{"id":"P200_F000245","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hiram L. Fong — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Hiram L. Fong began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000245","https://www.congress.gov/member/hiram-l-fong/F000245"]}],"R000467":[{"id":"P200_R000467","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"J. Edward Roush — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"J. Edward Roush began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000467","https://www.congress.gov/member/j-edward-roush/R000467"]}],"H000327":[{"id":"P200_H000327","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James F. Hastings — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–94)","explanation":"James F. Hastings began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000327","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-f-hastings/H000327"]}],"O000055":[{"id":"P200_O000055","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James G. O'Hara — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"James G. O'Hara began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/O000055","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-g-o-hara/O000055"]}],"B001026":[{"id":"P200_B001026","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James L. Buckley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–94)","explanation":"James L. Buckley began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001026","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-l-buckley/B001026"]}],"S000803":[{"id":"P200_S000803","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James V. Stanton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–94)","explanation":"James V. Stanton began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000803","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-v-stanton/S000803"]}],"S001134":[{"id":"P200_S001134","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James W. Symington — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–94)","explanation":"James W. Symington began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001134","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-w-symington/S001134"]}],"B000362":[{"id":"P200_B000362","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jamie Benitez — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–94)","explanation":"Jamie Benitez began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000362","https://www.congress.gov/member/jamie-benitez/B000362"]}],"P000272":[{"id":"P200_P000272","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry L. Pettis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–94)","explanation":"Jerry L. Pettis began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000272","https://www.congress.gov/member/jerry-l-pettis/P000272"]}],"L000360":[{"id":"P200_L000360","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerry Litton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–94)","explanation":"Jerry Litton began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000360","https://www.congress.gov/member/jerry-litton/L000360"]}],"C000682":[{"id":"P200_C000682","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John B. Conlan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–94)","explanation":"John B. Conlan began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000682","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-b-conlan/C000682"]}],"T000410":[{"id":"P200_T000410","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John V. Tunney — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–94)","explanation":"John V. Tunney began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000410","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-v-tunney/T000410"]}],"M000349":[{"id":"P200_M000349","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Y. McCollister — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–94)","explanation":"John Y. McCollister began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000349","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-y-mccollister/M000349"]}],"K000014":[{"id":"P200_K000014","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph E. Karth — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Joseph E. Karth began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000014","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-e-karth/K000014"]}],"V000098":[{"id":"P200_V000098","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph P. Vigorito — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–94)","explanation":"Joseph P. Vigorito began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000098","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-p-vigorito/V000098"]}],"H000438":[{"id":"P200_H000438","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ken Hechler — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Ken Hechler began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000438","https://www.congress.gov/member/ken-hechler/H000438"]}],"E000213":[{"id":"P200_E000213","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marvin L. Esch — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–94)","explanation":"Marvin L. Esch began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000213","https://www.congress.gov/member/marvin-l-esch/E000213"]}],"F000013":[{"id":"P200_F000013","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul J. Fannin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–94)","explanation":"Paul J. Fannin began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000013","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-j-fannin/F000013"]}],"H000291":[{"id":"P200_H000291","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Philip A. Hart — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Philip A. Hart began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000291","https://www.congress.gov/member/philip-a-hart/H000291"]}],"H000392":[{"id":"P200_H000392","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Philip H. Hayes — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–94)","explanation":"Philip H. Hayes began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000392","https://www.congress.gov/member/philip-h-hayes/H000392"]}],"M000039":[{"id":"P200_M000039","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ray J. Madden — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–94)","explanation":"Ray J. Madden began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000039","https://www.congress.gov/member/ray-j-madden/M000039"]}],"V000029":[{"id":"P200_V000029","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard F. Vander Veen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–94)","explanation":"Richard F. Vander Veen began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000029","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-f-vander-veen/V000029"]}],"F000424":[{"id":"P200_F000424","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard Fulton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"Richard Fulton began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000424","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-fulton/F000424"]}],"T000099":[{"id":"P200_T000099","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roy A. Taylor — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Roy A. Taylor began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000099","https://www.congress.gov/member/roy-a-taylor/T000099"]}],"S000846":[{"id":"P200_S000846","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sam Steiger — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–94)","explanation":"Sam Steiger began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000846","https://www.congress.gov/member/sam-steiger/S000846"]}],"S000860":[{"id":"P200_S000860","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stephens, Robert G., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–94)","explanation":"Stephens, Robert G., Jr. began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000860","https://www.congress.gov/member/stephens-robert-g-jr-/S000860"]}],"S001039":[{"id":"P200_S001039","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Stuckey, W. S. (Bill), Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–94)","explanation":"Stuckey, W. S. (Bill), Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001039","https://www.congress.gov/member/stuckey-w-s-bill-jr-/S001039"]}],"T000010":[{"id":"P200_T000010","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Taft, Robert, Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"Taft, Robert, Jr. began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000010","https://www.congress.gov/member/taft-robert-jr-/T000010"]}],"D000474":[{"id":"P200_D000474","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thomas N. Downing — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Thomas N. Downing began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000474","https://www.congress.gov/member/thomas-n-downing/D000474"]}],"H000073":[{"id":"P200_H000073","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tim L. Hall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 94–94)","explanation":"Tim L. Hall began serving in Congress 94 (~1975), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":94,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000073","https://www.congress.gov/member/tim-l-hall/H000073"]}],"H000297":[{"id":"P200_H000297","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vance Hartke — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"Vance Hartke began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000297","https://www.congress.gov/member/vance-hartke/H000297"]}],"M000851":[{"id":"P200_M000851","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter F. Mondale — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"Walter F. Mondale began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000851","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-f-mondale/M000851"]}],"G000420":[{"id":"P200_G000420","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William J. Green — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"William J. Green began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000420","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-j-green/G000420"]}],"R000041":[{"id":"P200_R000041","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William J. Randall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–94)","explanation":"William J. Randall began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000041","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-j-randall/R000041"]}],"H000965":[{"id":"P200_H000965","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William L. Hungate — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–94)","explanation":"William L. Hungate began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":94,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000965","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-l-hungate/H000965"]}],"N000028":[{"id":"P200_N000028","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ancher Nelsen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–93)","explanation":"Ancher Nelsen began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000028","https://www.congress.gov/member/ancher-nelsen/N000028"]}],"R000422":[{"id":"P200_R000422","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Angelo D. Roncallo — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Angelo D. Roncallo began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000422","https://www.congress.gov/member/angelo-d-roncallo/R000422"]}],"B000506":[{"id":"P200_B000506","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ben Blackburn — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Ben Blackburn began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000506","https://www.congress.gov/member/ben-blackburn/B000506"]}],"P000399":[{"id":"P200_P000399","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bertram L. Podell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Bertram L. Podell began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000399","https://www.congress.gov/member/bertram-l-podell/P000399"]}],"G000528":[{"id":"P200_G000528","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Bill Gunter — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Bill Gunter began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000528","https://www.congress.gov/member/bill-gunter/G000528"]}],"K000195":[{"id":"P200_K000195","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Carleton J. King — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–93)","explanation":"Carleton J. King began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000195","https://www.congress.gov/member/carleton-j-king/K000195"]}],"C000275":[{"id":"P200_C000275","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles E. Chamberlain — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–93)","explanation":"Charles E. Chamberlain began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000275","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-e-chamberlain/C000275"]}],"H000713":[{"id":"P200_H000713","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Chet Holifield — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Chet Holifield began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000713","https://www.congress.gov/member/chet-holifield/H000713"]}],"M000603":[{"id":"P200_M000603","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Clem Rogers McSpadden — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Clem Rogers McSpadden began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000603","https://www.congress.gov/member/clem-rogers-mcspadden/M000603"]}],"K000348":[{"id":"P200_K000348","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dan H. Kuykendall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Dan H. Kuykendall began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000348","https://www.congress.gov/member/dan-h-kuykendall/K000348"]}],"M000175":[{"id":"P200_M000175","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David T. Martin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–93)","explanation":"David T. Martin began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000175","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-t-martin/M000175"]}],"T000321":[{"id":"P200_T000321","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Towell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"David Towell began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000321","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-towell/T000321"]}],"D000241":[{"id":"P200_D000241","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David W. Dennis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"David W. Dennis began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000241","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-w-dennis/D000241"]}],"S000383":[{"id":"P200_S000383","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Dick Shoup — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"Dick Shoup began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000383","https://www.congress.gov/member/dick-shoup/S000383"]}],"B000893":[{"id":"P200_B000893","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Donald G. Brotzman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–93)","explanation":"Donald G. Brotzman began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000893","https://www.congress.gov/member/donald-g-brotzman/B000893"]}],"R000545":[{"id":"P200_R000545","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Earl B. Ruth — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"Earl B. Ruth began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000545","https://www.congress.gov/member/earl-b-ruth/R000545"]}],"L000049":[{"id":"P200_L000049","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Earl F. Landgrebe — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"Earl F. Landgrebe began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000049","https://www.congress.gov/member/earl-f-landgrebe/L000049"]}],"G000531":[{"id":"P200_G000531","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward J. Gurney — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–93)","explanation":"Edward J. Gurney began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000531","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-j-gurney/G000531"]}],"Y000035":[{"id":"P200_Y000035","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edward Young — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Edward Young began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000035","https://www.congress.gov/member/edward-young/Y000035"]}],"G000387":[{"id":"P200_G000387","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ella T. Grasso — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"Ella T. Grasso began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000387","https://www.congress.gov/member/ella-t-grasso/G000387"]}],"E000211":[{"id":"P200_E000211","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ervin, Sam J., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Ervin, Sam J., Jr. began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000211","https://www.congress.gov/member/ervin-sam-j-jr-/E000211"]}],"S001037":[{"id":"P200_S001037","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank A. Stubblefield — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–93)","explanation":"Frank A. Stubblefield began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S001037","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-a-stubblefield/S001037"]}],"B000771":[{"id":"P200_B000771","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Brasco — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Frank Brasco began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000771","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-brasco/B000771"]}],"D000234":[{"id":"P200_D000234","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank E. Denholm — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"Frank E. Denholm began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000234","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-e-denholm/D000234"]}],"G000290":[{"id":"P200_G000290","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George A. Goodling — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–93)","explanation":"George A. Goodling began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000290","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-a-goodling/G000290"]}],"G000504":[{"id":"P200_G000504","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Grover, James R., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–93)","explanation":"Grover, James R., Jr. began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000504","https://www.congress.gov/member/grover-james-r-jr-/G000504"]}],"H000922":[{"id":"P200_H000922","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold E. Hughes — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"Harold E. Hughes began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000922","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-e-hughes/H000922"]}],"C000629":[{"id":"P200_C000629","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold R. Collier — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–93)","explanation":"Harold R. Collier began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000629","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-r-collier/C000629"]}],"F000388":[{"id":"P200_F000388","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Harold V. Froehlich — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Harold V. Froehlich began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000388","https://www.congress.gov/member/harold-v-froehlich/F000388"]}],"R000357":[{"id":"P200_R000357","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Howard W. Robison — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–93)","explanation":"Howard W. Robison began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000357","https://www.congress.gov/member/howard-w-robison/R000357"]}],"H000906":[{"id":"P200_H000906","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hudnut, William H., III — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Hudnut, William H., III began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000906","https://www.congress.gov/member/hudnut-william-h-iii/H000906"]}],"C000143":[{"id":"P200_C000143","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hugh L. Carey — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–93)","explanation":"Hugh L. Carey began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000143","https://www.congress.gov/member/hugh-l-carey/C000143"]}],"F000401":[{"id":"P200_F000401","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Fulbright — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"James Fulbright began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/F000401","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-fulbright/F000401"]}],"H000306":[{"id":"P200_H000306","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Harvey — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–93)","explanation":"James Harvey began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000306","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-harvey/H000306"]}],"W000035":[{"id":"P200_W000035","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jerome R. Waldie — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–93)","explanation":"Jerome R. Waldie began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000035","https://www.congress.gov/member/jerome-r-waldie/W000035"]}],"D000220":[{"id":"P200_D000220","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Dellenback — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"John Dellenback began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000220","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-dellenback/D000220"]}],"H000972":[{"id":"P200_H000972","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John E. Hunt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"John E. Hunt began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000972","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-e-hunt/H000972"]}],"W000147":[{"id":"P200_W000147","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John H. Ware — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"John H. Ware began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000147","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-h-ware/W000147"]}],"Z000016":[{"id":"P200_Z000016","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John M. Zwach — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"John M. Zwach began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Z000016","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-m-zwach/Z000016"]}],"C000073":[{"id":"P200_C000073","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John N. Happy Camp — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"John N. Happy Camp began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000073","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-n-happy-camp/C000073"]}],"R000065":[{"id":"P200_R000065","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John R. Rarick — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"John R. Rarick began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000065","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-r-rarick/R000065"]}],"D000122":[{"id":"P200_D000122","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John W. Davis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–93)","explanation":"John W. Davis began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000122","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-w-davis/D000122"]}],"M000121":[{"id":"P200_M000121","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Joseph J. Maraziti — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Joseph J. Maraziti began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000121","https://www.congress.gov/member/joseph-j-maraziti/M000121"]}],"H000174":[{"id":"P200_H000174","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Julia Butler Hansen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–93)","explanation":"Julia Butler Hansen began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000174","https://www.congress.gov/member/julia-butler-hansen/H000174"]}],"B000069":[{"id":"P200_B000069","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"LaMar Baker — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"LaMar Baker began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000069","https://www.congress.gov/member/lamar-baker/B000069"]}],"W000525":[{"id":"P200_W000525","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Lawrence G. Williams — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Lawrence G. Williams began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000525","https://www.congress.gov/member/lawrence-g-williams/W000525"]}],"W000782":[{"id":"P200_W000782","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Louis C. Wyman — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–93)","explanation":"Louis C. Wyman began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000782","https://www.congress.gov/member/louis-c-wyman/W000782"]}],"C000721":[{"id":"P200_C000721","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Marlow W. Cook — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Marlow W. Cook began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000721","https://www.congress.gov/member/marlow-w-cook/C000721"]}],"R000150":[{"id":"P200_R000150","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Ogden R. Reid — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–93)","explanation":"Ogden R. Reid began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000150","https://www.congress.gov/member/ogden-r-reid/R000150"]}],"H000175":[{"id":"P200_H000175","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Orval Hansen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"Orval Hansen began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000175","https://www.congress.gov/member/orval-hansen/H000175"]}],"C000925":[{"id":"P200_C000925","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Paul W. Cronin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Paul W. Cronin began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000925","https://www.congress.gov/member/paul-w-cronin/C000925"]}],"D000409":[{"id":"P200_D000409","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter H. Dominick — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–93)","explanation":"Peter H. Dominick began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000409","https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-h-dominick/D000409"]}],"K000356":[{"id":"P200_K000356","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Peter N. Kyros — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Peter N. Kyros began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000356","https://www.congress.gov/member/peter-n-kyros/K000356"]}],"H000164":[{"id":"P200_H000164","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard T. Hanna — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–93)","explanation":"Richard T. Hanna began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000164","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-t-hanna/H000164"]}],"M000078":[{"id":"P200_M000078","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Richard W. Mallary — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"Richard W. Mallary began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000078","https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-w-mallary/M000078"]}],"M000242":[{"id":"P200_M000242","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert B. (Bob) Mathias — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Robert B. (Bob) Mathias began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000242","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-b-bob-mathias/M000242"]}],"P000528":[{"id":"P200_P000528","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert D. Price — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Robert D. Price began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000528","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-d-price/P000528"]}],"S000836":[{"id":"P200_S000836","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert H. Steele — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"Robert H. Steele began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000836","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-h-steele/S000836"]}],"H000897":[{"id":"P200_H000897","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert J. Huber — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Robert J. Huber began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000897","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-j-huber/H000897"]}],"T000265":[{"id":"P200_T000265","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert O. Tiernan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Robert O. Tiernan began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000265","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-o-tiernan/T000265"]}],"H000168":[{"id":"P200_H000168","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Robert P. Hanrahan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Robert P. Hanrahan began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000168","https://www.congress.gov/member/robert-p-hanrahan/H000168"]}],"Z000010":[{"id":"P200_Z000010","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roger H. Zion — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Roger H. Zion began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Z000010","https://www.congress.gov/member/roger-h-zion/Z000010"]}],"Y000052":[{"id":"P200_Y000052","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Samuel H. Young — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 93–93)","explanation":"Samuel H. Young began serving in Congress 93 (~1973), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":93,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/Y000052","https://www.congress.gov/member/samuel-h-young/Y000052"]}],"S000045":[{"id":"P200_S000045","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sandman, Charles W., Jr. — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Sandman, Charles W., Jr. began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000045","https://www.congress.gov/member/sandman-charles-w-jr-/S000045"]}],"S000548":[{"id":"P200_S000548","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Smith, Henry P., III — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–93)","explanation":"Smith, Henry P., III began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000548","https://www.congress.gov/member/smith-henry-p-iii/S000548"]}],"D000523":[{"id":"P200_D000523","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Thaddeus J. Dulski — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–93)","explanation":"Thaddeus J. Dulski began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000523","https://www.congress.gov/member/thaddeus-j-dulski/D000523"]}],"G000144":[{"id":"P200_G000144","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Tom S. Gettys — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–93)","explanation":"Tom S. Gettys began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000144","https://www.congress.gov/member/tom-s-gettys/G000144"]}],"T000233":[{"id":"P200_T000233","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Vernon W. Thomson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–93)","explanation":"Vernon W. Thomson began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000233","https://www.congress.gov/member/vernon-w-thomson/T000233"]}],"V000093":[{"id":"P200_V000093","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Victor V. Veysey — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"Victor V. Veysey began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/V000093","https://www.congress.gov/member/victor-v-veysey/V000093"]}],"P000485":[{"id":"P200_P000485","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Walter E. Powell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"Walter E. Powell began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000485","https://www.congress.gov/member/walter-e-powell/P000485"]}],"W000778":[{"id":"P200_W000778","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wendell Wyatt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–93)","explanation":"Wendell Wyatt began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000778","https://www.congress.gov/member/wendell-wyatt/W000778"]}],"M000286":[{"id":"P200_M000286","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wiley Mayne — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"Wiley Mayne began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000286","https://www.congress.gov/member/wiley-mayne/M000286"]}],"S000096":[{"id":"P200_S000096","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William B. Saxbe — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"William B. Saxbe began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000096","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-b-saxbe/S000096"]}],"K000037":[{"id":"P200_K000037","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William J. Keating — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"William J. Keating began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000037","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-j-keating/K000037"]}],"S000121":[{"id":"P200_S000121","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William J. Scherle — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–93)","explanation":"William J. Scherle began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000121","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-j-scherle/S000121"]}],"M000779":[{"id":"P200_M000779","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William O. Mills — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"William O. Mills began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000779","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-o-mills/M000779"]}],"R000484":[{"id":"P200_R000484","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"William R. Roy — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–93)","explanation":"William R. Roy began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000484","https://www.congress.gov/member/william-r-roy/R000484"]}],"M000833":[{"id":"P200_M000833","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Wilmer Mizell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–93)","explanation":"Wilmer Mizell began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":93,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000833","https://www.congress.gov/member/wilmer-mizell/M000833"]}],"P000366":[{"id":"P200_P000366","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alexander Pirnie — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–92)","explanation":"Alexander Pirnie began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000366","https://www.congress.gov/member/alexander-pirnie/P000366"]}],"L000240":[{"id":"P200_L000240","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Alton Lennon — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 83–92)","explanation":"Alton Lennon began serving in Congress 83 (~1953), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":83,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000240","https://www.congress.gov/member/alton-lennon/L000240"]}],"L000333":[{"id":"P200_L000333","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Arthur Link — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"Arthur Link began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000333","https://www.congress.gov/member/arthur-link/L000333"]}],"J000267":[{"id":"P200_J000267","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Benjamin Jordan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–92)","explanation":"Benjamin Jordan began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000267","https://www.congress.gov/member/benjamin-jordan/J000267"]}],"G000458":[{"id":"P200_G000458","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charles Griffin — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–92)","explanation":"Charles Griffin began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000458","https://www.congress.gov/member/charles-griffin/G000458"]}],"R000143":[{"id":"P200_R000143","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Charlotte Reid — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–92)","explanation":"Charlotte Reid began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000143","https://www.congress.gov/member/charlotte-reid/R000143"]}],"C000153":[{"id":"P200_C000153","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cliffard Carlson — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"Cliffard Carlson began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000153","https://www.congress.gov/member/cliffard-carlson/C000153"]}],"G000016":[{"id":"P200_G000016","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Cornelius Gallagher — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–92)","explanation":"Cornelius Gallagher began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000016","https://www.congress.gov/member/cornelius-gallagher/G000016"]}],"G000034":[{"id":"P200_G000034","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"David Gambrell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"David Gambrell began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000034","https://www.congress.gov/member/david-gambrell/G000034"]}],"H000049":[{"id":"P200_H000049","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Durward Hall — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–92)","explanation":"Durward Hall began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000049","https://www.congress.gov/member/durward-hall/H000049"]}],"C000002":[{"id":"P200_C000002","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Earle Cabell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–92)","explanation":"Earle Cabell began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000002","https://www.congress.gov/member/earle-cabell/C000002"]}],"E000067":[{"id":"P200_E000067","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Edwin Edwards — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–92)","explanation":"Edwin Edwards began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000067","https://www.congress.gov/member/edwin-edwards/E000067"]}],"E000068":[{"id":"P200_E000068","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elaine Edwards — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"Elaine Edwards began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000068","https://www.congress.gov/member/elaine-edwards/E000068"]}],"A000205":[{"id":"P200_A000205","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Elizabeth Andrews — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"Elizabeth Andrews began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000205","https://www.congress.gov/member/elizabeth-andrews/A000205"]}],"D000587":[{"id":"P200_D000587","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Florence Dwyer — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–92)","explanation":"Florence Dwyer began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000587","https://www.congress.gov/member/florence-dwyer/D000587"]}],"M001009":[{"id":"P200_M001009","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frank Morse — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–92)","explanation":"Frank Morse began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001009","https://www.congress.gov/member/frank-morse/M001009"]}],"H000237":[{"id":"P200_H000237","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Fred Harris — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–92)","explanation":"Fred Harris began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000237","https://www.congress.gov/member/fred-harris/H000237"]}],"S000161":[{"id":"P200_S000161","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Frederick Schwengel — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–92)","explanation":"Frederick Schwengel began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000161","https://www.congress.gov/member/frederick-schwengel/S000161"]}],"C000637":[{"id":"P200_C000637","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Collins — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–92)","explanation":"George Collins began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000637","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-collins/C000637"]}],"H000010":[{"id":"P200_H000010","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"George Hagen — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–92)","explanation":"George Hagen began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000010","https://www.congress.gov/member/george-hagen/H000010"]}],"A000161":[{"id":"P200_A000161","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Gordon Allott — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 84–92)","explanation":"Gordon Allott began serving in Congress 84 (~1955), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":84,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000161","https://www.congress.gov/member/gordon-allott/A000161"]}],"P000569":[{"id":"P200_P000569","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Graham Purcell — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–92)","explanation":"Graham Purcell began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000569","https://www.congress.gov/member/graham-purcell/P000569"]}],"S000545":[{"id":"P200_S000545","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"H. Allen Smith — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 85–92)","explanation":"H. Allen Smith began serving in Congress 85 (~1957), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":85,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":8}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000545","https://www.congress.gov/member/h-allen-smith/S000545"]}],"K000053":[{"id":"P200_K000053","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Hastings Keith — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–92)","explanation":"Hastings Keith began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000053","https://www.congress.gov/member/hastings-keith/K000053"]}],"M000410":[{"id":"P200_M000410","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jack McDonald — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–92)","explanation":"Jack McDonald began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000410","https://www.congress.gov/member/jack-mcdonald/M000410"]}],"B000593":[{"id":"P200_B000593","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Boggs — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 80–92)","explanation":"James Boggs began serving in Congress 80 (~1947), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":80,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":9}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000593","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-boggs/B000593"]}],"K000038":[{"id":"P200_K000038","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James Kee — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–92)","explanation":"James Kee began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000038","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-kee/K000038"]}],"M000513":[{"id":"P200_M000513","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"James McKevitt — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"James McKevitt began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000513","https://www.congress.gov/member/james-mckevitt/M000513"]}],"D000462":[{"id":"P200_D000462","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Dow — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–92)","explanation":"John Dow began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":89,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000462","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-dow/D000462"]}],"K000351":[{"id":"P200_K000351","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Kyl — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–92)","explanation":"John Kyl began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/K000351","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-kyl/K000351"]}],"M000847":[{"id":"P200_M000847","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Monagan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–92)","explanation":"John Monagan began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000847","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-monagan/M000847"]}],"S000133":[{"id":"P200_S000133","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Schmitz — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–92)","explanation":"John Schmitz began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000133","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-schmitz/S000133"]}],"T000134":[{"id":"P200_T000134","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Terry — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"John Terry began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000134","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-terry/T000134"]}],"W000320":[{"id":"P200_W000320","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"John Whalley — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–92)","explanation":"John Whalley began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000320","https://www.congress.gov/member/john-whalley/W000320"]}],"C000775":[{"id":"P200_C000775","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Jorge Córdova Díaz — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–92)","explanation":"Jorge Córdova Díaz began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000775","https://www.congress.gov/member/jorge-c-rdova-d-az/C000775"]}],"B000548":[{"id":"P200_B000548","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leonard Blanton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–92)","explanation":"Leonard Blanton began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000548","https://www.congress.gov/member/leonard-blanton/B000548"]}],"J000269":[{"id":"P200_J000269","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Leonard Jordan — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 87–92)","explanation":"Leonard Jordan began serving in Congress 87 (~1961), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":87,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":6}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000269","https://www.congress.gov/member/leonard-jordan/J000269"]}],"H000566":[{"id":"P200_H000566","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Louise Hicks — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 92–92)","explanation":"Louise Hicks began serving in Congress 92 (~1971), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":92,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":1}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000566","https://www.congress.gov/member/louise-hicks/H000566"]}],"G000015":[{"id":"P200_G000015","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Nick Galifianakis — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 90–92)","explanation":"Nick Galifianakis began serving in Congress 90 (~1967), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":90,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":3}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000015","https://www.congress.gov/member/nick-galifianakis/G000015"]}],"C000017":[{"id":"P200_C000017","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Patrick Caffery — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 91–92)","explanation":"Patrick Caffery began serving in Congress 91 (~1969), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":91,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":2}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/C000017","https://www.congress.gov/member/patrick-caffery/C000017"]}],"M001021":[{"id":"P200_M001021","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Rogers Morton — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–92)","explanation":"Rogers Morton began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":5}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001021","https://www.congress.gov/member/rogers-morton/M001021"]}],"P000559":[{"id":"P200_P000559","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Roman Pucinski — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–92)","explanation":"Roman Pucinski began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000559","https://www.congress.gov/member/roman-pucinski/P000559"]}],"H000085":[{"id":"P200_H000085","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Seymour Halpern — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 86–92)","explanation":"Seymour Halpern began serving in Congress 86 (~1959), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":86,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":7}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000085","https://www.congress.gov/member/seymour-halpern/H000085"]}],"L000382":[{"id":"P200_L000382","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Sherman Lloyd — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 88–92)","explanation":"Sherman Lloyd began serving in Congress 88 (~1963), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). Historical-context detector: legacy members surfaced for completeness when reporters trace longitudinal patterns or family-member lineage in current Congress.","evidence":[{"source":"pre_fec_era_legacy","earliestCongress":88,"lastCongress":92,"congressesServed":4}],"citations":["https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000382","https://www.congress.gov/member/sherman-lloyd/L000382"]}],"L000429":[{"id":"P200_L000429","pattern_type":"P200_PRE_FEC_ERA_LEGACY","severity":"LOW","headline":"Speedy Long — served pre-FEC structured-data era (Congresses 89–92)","explanation":"Speedy Long began serving in Congress 89 (~1965), before the FEC's structured campaign-finance disclosure era (full coverage from ~1980). Officium's metadata for this member is roster-only — no FEC contributions, no structured trade data (STOCK Act is 2012+), no LDA filings (1995+). 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